Quarterlytics / Consumer Cyclical / Food Distribution / Tate & Lyle

Tate & Lyle

tate · LSE Consumer Cyclical
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Ticker tate
Exchange LSE
Sector Consumer Cyclical
Industry Food Distribution
Employees 5001-10,000
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FY2011 Annual Report · Tate & Lyle
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www.tateandlyle.com

Annual Report 2011
Focus, Fix, Grow.

 
 
 
 
 
Contents

Directors’ report
Business review*
  1   Performance highlights
  2   Our business
  4   Chairman’s statement
  5   Chief Executive’s review
  8    Strategy and key performance indicators
  10  Group financial results
  12  Speciality Food Ingredients
  15  Bulk Ingredients
  18 
  19 
  22  Additional financial information
  26  Corporate responsibility

 Innovation and Commercial Development
 Risk management

  Governance*
  32   Board of directors
  34  Executive management
  35   Corporate governance
  44   Directors’ remuneration report
  57    Other statutory and governance information
  59   Directors’ statement of responsibilities

   Financial statements and  
  shareholder information
  Financial statements

  60 

  61 
  62 

  63 
  64 
  65 

  66 

 112 

 Independent Auditors’ Report to the  
Members of Tate & Lyle PLC 
 Consolidated income statement 
 Consolidated statement of  
comprehensive income 
 Consolidated statement of financial position 
 Consolidated statement of cash flows 
 Consolidated statement of changes in 
shareholders’ equity
 Notes to the consolidated financial 
statements 
 Parent company financial statements 

  Shareholder information

 118  Five-year review
 120 

Information for investors

Basis of preparation
Unless stated otherwise, the Group’s financial 
statements are prepared in accordance with 
International Financial Reporting Standards  
(IFRSs) as adopted by the EU.

Adjusted operating profit, adjusted profit  
before tax and adjusted earnings per share
Unless stated otherwise, adjusted operating  
profit, adjusted profit before tax and adjusted 
earnings per share in this annual report and 
accounts exclude discontinued operations and  
are before exceptional items and amortisation  
of acquired intangible assets.

Amortisation
Unless stated otherwise, the use of  
‘amortisation’ or ‘amortisation of acquired 
intangibles’ on pages 1 to 59 in this annual report 
relates to the amortisation of intangible assets 
acquired through business combinations.

Continuing operations
Unless stated otherwise, all comments in this 
annual report and accounts refer to the continuing 
operations adjusted to exclude exceptional items  
and amortisation of acquired intangible assets.  
A reconciliation of reported and adjusted 
information is included in Note 43 on page 111.

Cautionary statement
Please read the full cautionary and non-reliance 
statements which can be found on the inside  
back cover.

Definitions
In this report, ‘Company’ means Tate & Lyle PLC; 
‘Tate & Lyle’ or ‘Group’ means Tate & Lyle PLC  
and its subsidiary and joint-venture companies.

Trademarks
SPLENDA® and the SPLENDA® logo are  
trademarks of McNeil Nutritionals, LLC. 

The DuPont Oval logo, DuPont™ and Sorona®  
are trademarks or registered trademarks of  
E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company.

*   These sections make up the Directors’ report. This part 
of the annual report sets out the information on the 
Group’s principal activities, together with a review of the 
development and performance of the Group, including 
financial performance, in accordance with Section  
417 of the Companies Act 2006.

This report is available online at  
www.tateandlyle.com/annualreport2011 

We are always reviewing the way that we 
communicate with our shareholders and this 
year we have also produced this report as 
an iPad app which you can download for 
free from the AppStore.

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Tate & Lyle PLC
Tate & Lyle PLC is a public limited company 
listed on the London Stock Exchange and 
registered in England. This is the report and 
accounts for the year ended 31 March 2011. 
More information about Tate & Lyle can be 
found on our website at www.tateandlyle.com.

Environmental statement
This Report is printed on ‘Look!’ paper and 
has been independently certified on behalf  
of the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC).

Printed at St Ives Westerham Press Ltd, 
ISO14001, FSC certified and CarbonNeutral®

Registered office
Tate & Lyle PLC
Sugar Quay 
Lower Thames Street
London EC3R 6DQ
Tel: +44 (0)20 7626 6525
Fax: +44 (0)20 7623 5213
Company number: 76535

www.tateandlyle.com

Credits
Designed, typeset and produced by
www.berghindjoseph.com

Photography by David Rees

Non-reliance statement
This annual report and accounts has 
been prepared solely to provide additional 
information to shareholders to assess the 
Group’s strategy and the potential of that 
strategy to succeed and should not be 
relied upon by any other party or for 
any other purpose.

Cautionary statement
This annual report and accounts contains 
certain forward-looking statements with 
respect to the financial condition, results, 
operations and businesses of Tate & Lyle PLC. 
These statements and forecasts involve risk 
and uncertainty because they relate to events 
and depend upon circumstances that may 
occur in the future. There are a number of 
factors that could cause actual results or 
developments to differ materially from those 
expressed or implied by these forward-looking 
statements and forecasts. Nothing in this 
annual report and accounts should be 
construed as a profit forecast.

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Tate & Lyle Annual Report 2011   121

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Business review Performance highlights

Adjusted operating profit1 
£m

Adjusted diluted earnings per share1  
pence

321

268

45.7

33.7

20102

2011

20102

2011

Dividend per share   
pence

Net debt3
£m

22.9

22.9

23.7

1 231

814

464 

2009

2010

2011

2009

2010

2011

Notes

1 

2 

3 

 Before exceptional items and amortisation of acquired intangible assets. 

 The results for the year ended 31 March 2010 have been restated to reflect the reclassification  
of the Sugars segment as discontinued operations.

 Exchange rate movements reduced net debt by £27 million in the year ended 31 March 2011.  
Excluding movements in exchange rates, net debt reduced by £323 million.

Statutory results 

Operating profit/(loss) 
Profit/(loss) before tax (continuing operations) 
Profit for the year (total operations) 
Diluted earnings per share (total operations) 

Year to 31 March

2010

£(44)m
£(116)m
£19m
3.3p

2011 

£303m 
£245m 
£167m 
34.7p 

Tate & Lyle Annual Report 2011   1

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Speciality Food Ingredients

Innovation 

and Commercial 

Development

Bulk Ingredients

Customers

Customers

Business review Our business

Tate & Lyle is a global provider of ingredients and  
solutions to the food, beverage and other industries. 
Through our production facilities around the world, 
we turn raw materials into distinctive, high quality 
ingredients for our customers. Our ingredients 
and solutions add taste, texture, nutrition and 
functionality to products used or consumed by 
millions of people every day. 

Here we explain how our business works.

Raw materials

Sources

Operations

All our ingredients are produced from crops, 
predominantly corn. Ensuring we have a reliable 
source of corn for our plants is essential. 
This involves developing long-term, mutually 
beneficial relationships with growers, farmers 
and other commercial partners to secure supply; 
understanding commodity markets; and hedging 
costs where feasible. Supply chain ethics are 
important to us. We apply rigorous standards,  
both practical and ethical, to all suppliers, and  
work with them to help them meet our compliance 
needs. This is essential if we are to meet our 
customers’ requirements for traceability and  
quality throughout the supply chain. 

We operate through two global business 
divisions – Bulk Ingredients (BI) and Speciality 
Food Ingredients (SFI). Each division has its own 
dedicated manufacturing base as well as separate 
commercial organisations to provide the necessary 
focus and expertise for customers in their two 
different end markets. BI produces ingredients 
which are relatively undifferentiated and are sold 
in markets where customers principally look 
for supplier reliability, quality and value. SFI on 
the other hand produces distinctive, high-value 
ingredients which are sold in markets where 
customers look for technical and innovation 
capability, insight and flexibility. 

2   Tate & Lyle Annual Report 2011

Raw materials

Speciality Food Ingredients

Innovation 
and Commercial 
Development

Bulk Ingredients

Customers

Customers

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SFI also has a food systems or blending 
business which sources ingredients and uses 
them along with our own to develop bespoke 
combinations of ingredients primarily for  
small- to medium-sized customers.

Both divisions – but principally SFI – are 
supported by the Innovation and Commercial 
Development (ICD) group. ICD brings together 
product development, marketing and platform 
management into one global team, enabling  
a fully integrated approach to developing  
and commercialising innovation. 

Customers

Food and beverage is our most significant market 
comprising over 75% of Group sales. Other markets 
we sell into include industrial, animal feed, and 
pharmaceutical and personal care. 

Customer understanding drives all that we do.  
We use market research to understand the consumer 
(our customer’s customer), the markets we operate 
in and our customers’ needs. We use this insight to 
drive our own product development, to differentiate 
ourselves from our competitors and, importantly, to 
give our customers an advantage by working with us. 
For large customers, our ICD group provides technical 
and applications support. For smaller customers, our  
ICD group is often their R&D team.

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Tate & Lyle Annual Report 2011   3

 
 
 
Business review Chairman’s statement

Tate & Lyle has made progress  
during the year, delivering a good 
financial performance and having  
taken a number of important steps  
in line with our strategy to ‘focus,  
fix and grow’ the business.

We have no higher priority than safety. In light of the 
above, during the year we asked DuPont, recognised 
as an industry leader in safety, to undertake a review 
of safety across the Group. The results of this audit 
have catalysed an action plan which will help us 
achieve our long-term goal of world-class safety 
performance. My colleagues on the Board and I  
will continue to pay close attention to this.

Corporate responsibility and risk management
Following its 2010 effectiveness review, the Board 
established a Corporate Responsibility Committee 
to strengthen its oversight of safety, social, 
environmental and ethical matters. 

Profit before tax, exceptional 
items and amortisation of acquired 
intangible assets of £263 million 
represents growth of 34%  
(32% in constant currency). 

Providing strong, effective leadership within a sound 
framework of control is the Board’s primary duty 
and requires directors to have a deep understanding 
of the business. We began a programme of 
individual site visits by directors which has helped 
us enormously in our work this year to enhance risk 
management and determine an appropriate risk 
appetite for Tate & Lyle. It has also made the directors 
more visible to employees. This will be very important 
in the coming year as we continue to implement our 
strategy and intensify our focus on safety. 

Finally, I would like to thank all our employees who 
have worked immensely hard during a period of  
great change to deliver this year’s results. 

Sir Peter Gershon
Chairman

26 May 2011

Sir Peter Gershon
Chairman

Overview
We have refocused the business through the sale 
of our EU Sugar Refining Operations, Molasses 
business and ethanol facility in Fort Dodge, Iowa, 
USA, and the reorganisation of the Group into 
two global operating divisions, Speciality Food 
Ingredients and Bulk Ingredients, supported by 
the creation of the Innovation and Commercial 
Development group, a unit dedicated to driving 
long-term growth.

During the year, the Board approved two major 
strategic initiatives to support the transformation of 
the business. The first, the Commercial and Food 
Innovation Centre in Chicago, USA will transform 
our product development capability and the way 
we work with our customers; the second, the 
development of a single set of business processes 
supported by one global IT infrastructure and a 
global Shared Services Centre in Łód ´z, Poland, will 
make the business more efficient and responsive. 

Financial performance
Profit before tax, exceptional items and 
amortisation of acquired intangible assets of 
£263 million represents growth of 34% (32%  
in constant currency) on the previous year, with 
Speciality Food Ingredients and Bulk Ingredients 
delivering an increase of 26% and 15% in adjusted 
operating profit respectively. 

Through a combination of continued tight financial 
discipline, strong cash generation and proceeds 
from disposals, net debt at the year end stood at 
£464 million, a 43% reduction on the previous  
year (2010 – £814 million).

I am also pleased to report that we have made 
progress reducing the amount of adverse 
exceptional items reported within these results.

Dividend
The Board is recommending a 5% increase in the 
final dividend to 16.9p, making a full-year dividend 
of 23.7p per share, up 3.5% on the prior year.  
The proposed increase in the dividend reflects  
the Board’s confidence in the business.

Safety
The Board deeply regrets the fatality that  
occurred at our joint-venture plant in Turkey in  
May 2010 as reported last year. Whilst our overall 
safety performance has continued to compare well 
against the industry we are very disappointed that 
our performance has deteriorated from last year.

4   Tate & Lyle Annual Report 2011

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Business review Chief Executive’s review

Our objective remains to build a  
platform on which we can deliver  
steady and sustainable long term  
growth and value for shareholders.  
We remain on track to deliver on  
this objective.

Javed Ahmed
Chief Executive

Results for the continuing operations are adjusted
to exclude exceptional items and amortisation  
of acquired intangible assets. Except where 
specifically stated to the contrary, this commentary
relates only to the adjusted results for the 
continuing operations. A reconciliation of statutory 
and adjusted information is included at Note 43.

The net finance expense from continuing 
operations decreased from £72 million to 
£58 million principally as a result of lower pension 
interest expense. Adjusted profit before tax was 
up 34% (32% in constant currency) to £263 million 
(2010 – £196 million) reflecting the strong operating 
performance and reduction in net interest charge. 

Overview of Group’s financial performance
Tate & Lyle performed well in the year achieving 
steady volume growth across a number of our 
markets, very strong returns from co-products  
and lower sucralose manufacturing costs.

Sales for the year were £2,720 million 
(2010 – £2,533 million), an increase of 7%  
(5% in constant currency) on the prior year.  
In Speciality Food Ingredients, sales increased 
by 2% (2% in constant currency) to £805 million 
(2010 – £788 million) with sales volumes up by 
7%. The rate of sales growth was impacted by 
reduced selling prices for SPLENDA® Sucralose 
reflecting our strategy of securing long-term 
volume incentive contracts with our customers. 
Within Bulk Ingredients, sales increased by 
10% (7% in constant currency) to £1,915 million 
(2010 – £1,745 million). 

Adjusted operating profit increased by 20% 
(17% in constant currency) to £321 million 
(2010 – £268 million). In Speciality Food 
Ingredients, adjusted operating profit increased  
by 26% (25% in constant currency) to £206 million 
(2010 – £163 million), driven by increased sales 
volumes, operational leverage, improved product 
mix and lower SPLENDA® Sucralose manufacturing 
costs. The effect of exchange translation was to 
increase adjusted operating profit by £2 million. 
In Bulk Ingredients, adjusted operating profit 
increased by 15% (11% in constant currency) to 
£157 million (2010 – £136 million), driven by volume 
growth, very strong returns from co-products and 
an improved performance from ethanol offset 
by lower margins in sweeteners and industrial 
starches. Higher corn prices, particularly in the 
second half of the year, resulted in an additional 
£16 million of co-product returns compared to the 
prior year. The effect of exchange translation was  
to increase adjusted operating profit by £5 million.

Central costs, which include head office, treasury 
and reinsurance activities, increased by £11 million 
to £42 million reflecting the costs associated with 
strengthening the Group’s senior management 
team, costs associated with our financing portfolio 
and one-off costs of £6 million in the first half 
relating to the review of the Group’s activities.

Adjusted diluted earnings per share increased by 
36% (34% in constant currency) to 45.7p benefiting 
from improved operating performance and a lower 
effective tax rate of 18.5% (2010 – 20.8%).  

In Speciality Food Ingredients, 
adjusted operating profit 
increased by 26% (25% in 
constant currency). 

Exceptional items on continuing and
discontinued operations totalled a charge of 
£48 million (2010 – £276 million). Within continuing 
operations there was a net £10 million gain on the 
sale of the Fort Dodge facility and £15 million of 
costs associated with the business transformation 
programme. Within discontinued operations a  
loss of £55 million was booked on the disposal  
of the EU Sugar Refining Operations (EU Sugars), 
which remains subject to closing adjustments  
and adjudication as discussed in Note 35, and  
a gain of £12 million on the disposal of Molasses. 

Balance sheet
We continue to focus on managing our working 
capital closely resulting in our average quarterly 
cash conversion cycle falling from 45 days  
to 34 days.

The key performance indicators (KPIs) of our 
financial strength, the ratio of net debt to earnings 
before interest, tax, depreciation and amortisation 
(EBITDA) and interest cover, remain well within our 
internal targets. At 31 March 2011, the net debt 
to EBITDA ratio was 1.1 times (2010 – 1.8 times), 
against our target of 2.0 times. Interest cover on 
total operations at 31 March 2011 was 6.9 times 
(2010 – 5.8 times), again ahead of our minimum 
target of 5.0 times.

Tate & Lyle Annual Report 2011   5

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Business review Chief Executive’s review

The Group’s balance sheet was strengthened 
significantly during the year. Net debt reduced  
by 43% to £464 million at 31 March 2011 
(31 March 2010 – £814 million). This improvement 
in net debt, which builds upon the considerable 
reduction achieved in the prior year, was driven 
by the disposals of EU Sugars, Molasses and 
Fort Dodge, resulting in a net cash inflow of 
£316 million, and the underlying cash generated  
by the business.

Return on capital employed increased from 
13.6% to 20.6% as a result of increased profits, 
a reduction in operating assets reflecting the 
writedown of Fort Dodge, the reduced average 
levels of working capital within the business  
and exchange rate effects.

Dividend
The Board is recommending a 5% increase in  
the final dividend to 16.9p (2010 – 16.1p) making  
a full year dividend of 23.7p (2010 – 22.9p) per 
share, up 3.5% on the prior year. Subject to 
shareholder approval, the proposed final dividend 
will be due and payable on 5 August 2011 to 
all shareholders on the Register of Members 
at 1 July 2011. In addition to the cash dividend 
option, shareholders will also be offered a Dividend 
Reinvestment Plan (DRIP) alternative. The DRIP 
replaces the scrip alternative that was previously 
available to shareholders.

Our new operating model is 
simple and transparent and 
provides an efficient platform 
for future growth. 

Safety
We have no higher priority than safety and are 
committed to providing safe and healthy working 
conditions for all our employees, contractors and 
visitors. Whilst we are pleased that the safety 
performance at most of our locations improved 
in the 2010 calendar year, and that our safety 
performance continues to compare favourably 
against the industry, the Group’s overall safety 
performance (as detailed in the KPI table on pages 
8 and 9) deteriorated in 2010. Having set ourselves 
very high standards, we take any reduction in 
performance very seriously. A detailed plan has 
been put in place to drive an improvement in  
safety performance which our global safety  
teams, employees and contractors are working 
hard to embed across the Group.

Focus, fix, grow: update
As we set out in May 2010, Tate & Lyle’s  
strategy is to grow our Speciality Food Ingredients 
business supported by cash generated from Bulk 
Ingredients. To deliver on this strategy, and to 
reinvigorate Tate & Lyle, we have taken a number  
of steps during the year to ‘focus, fix and grow’  
the business.

Focus
We have disposed of a number of businesses  
and assets to ensure that our resources are  
focused on delivering our strategy and maximising 
returns to shareholders. During the year we sold 
EU Sugars, Molasses, Fort Dodge and, after the 
year-end, we announced the conditional sale of 
our Vietnam sugar interests. As a result of these 
disposals, Tate & Lyle is a more focused, less 
complex business with a reduced exposure  
to commodity markets.

Fix
The new operating model implemented on  
1 June 2010 based on two global business units, 
Speciality Food Ingredients and Bulk Ingredients, 
supported by a global unit dedicated to driving 
growth, Innovation and Commercial Development, 
and shared support services is being embedded. 
This new operating model is simple and transparent 
and provides an efficient platform for future growth, 
both organically and through bolt-on acquisition. 
We have also taken steps to strengthen the 
customer-facing areas of our business – for 
example, the commercial organisations of the 
speciality and bulk businesses have been  
separated and are now fully focused on  
serving their different end markets. 

In May 2010, we announced two major two-year 
initiatives to transform our operational capabilities – 
firstly, to implement a common global IS/IT platform 
and secondly, to provide global support services 
through the use of shared service centres. After 
a detailed and thorough planning process, both 
initiatives were launched on 1 January 2011 and  
are making good progress. Following an evaluation 
of a number of different locations, the decision was 
made to locate our global Shared Service Centre 
in Łód ´z, Poland. The new centre is expected to be 
operational by the end of 2011 with the various 
services to be provided migrated to the new centre 
in a phased process over a 12- to 15-month period. 
The new IS/IT platform will also be implemented via 
a phased process starting in the first half of 2012. 

Building a high-performance culture is a key part 
of the ‘fix’ phase. To help achieve this, during the 
year we put in place a new global performance 
management system, a new global sales incentive 
system and established common global metrics in 
areas such as working capital, customer service 
and quality. Ensuring we have the right skills and 
talent in the business is also very important. We 
are developing our high potential employees by 
providing them with more training and opportunities 
to learn, particularly with international assignments, 
and are also recruiting new staff both to fill skills 
gaps and to refresh our talent base. 

The new process for capital investment planning 
and implementation has now been fully embedded 
within the organisation. All new investments are 
now evaluated against clear strategic and financial 
criteria with greater scrutiny and clear execution 
milestones for approved investments.

6   Tate & Lyle Annual Report 2011

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Grow
The Innovation and Commercial Development 
(ICD) group, which was formed on 1 June 2010, 
has made good progress during the year working 
closely with customers on product development 
and innovation initiatives. ICD is responsible for 
the innovation pipeline and, during the year, the 
processes used by ICD to manage and review the 
pipeline, and the way it launches new products, 
were completely overhauled. During the year we 
launched RESISTAMYL™ 140, a bakery cream 
starch in Europe, and PROMITOR™ Soluble  
Corn Fiber 85 in the USA and Latin America.  
We also recently announced a five-year strategic 
partnership agreement with BioVittoria Ltd for the 
exclusive global marketing and distribution rights 
for BioVittoria’s monk fruit extract, marketed under 
the PUREFRUIT™ brand name. PUREFRUIT™ is the 
only fruit-based calorie-free sweetening ingredient 
available today and is a good addition to our 
sweetener and wellness portfolios. 

To enhance how we engage with our customers, 
and improve our access to them, in October 2010 
we announced that we would be establishing a 
new Commercial and Food Innovation Centre 
in Chicago, USA. The centre, which is due to 
be operational in early 2012, will be the global 
headquarters of ICD and will feature laboratories,  
a demonstration kitchen, sensory testing, and 
analytical and pilot plant facilities.

The underlying global consumer trends of  
health and wellness and convenience continue  
to underpin long-term growth in the speciality  
food ingredients market. Customer demand 
for both new and existing products that meet 
consumers’ needs in these key areas remains 
strong, particularly for products that can help 
address rising levels of diabetes and obesity in  
the developed and, increasingly, the developing 
world. Cost optimisation in the face of high and 
volatile commodity (e.g. sugar) prices is also 
driving demand. In light of the strong pipeline 
of demand for SPLENDA® Sucralose both from 
existing and new customers, and having carried 
out a comprehensive review of the available 
options, we have decided to restart sucralose 
production at our mothballed facility in McIntosh, 
Alabama, USA. The restart of production, which  
we expect to take place during the first half of 
financial year 2013, reinforces our commitment  
to the sucralose business, provides further 
resilience in our supply chain and further 
strengthens our position as the leading global 
manufacturer and supplier of sucralose. 

We are also looking to build our business and 
capabilities in two areas where we see long-term 
growth – new customer segments and emerging 
markets. Dedicated resources have now been 
put in place in Europe and the USA to serve small 
and medium enterprise (SMEs) and private label 
customers. In emerging markets, we have changed 
our senior management team in Asia Pacific to 
provide fresh impetus to our efforts in that region. 
We are also building new application laboratories 
in Mexico and Brazil to add to our global network, 
and have strengthened our sales teams in both 
Latin America and China.

In our Bulk Ingredients division, we are looking  
at ways to diversify our business by leveraging our 
fermentation expertise and facilities to partner with 
businesses in the bio-based materials industry. 
In November 2010, we signed an agreement 
with Amyris under which Tate & Lyle will produce 
farnesene at its facilities in Decatur, Illinois, USA 
with the end product being distributed by Amyris. 
Then in March 2011, we signed an agreement 
with Genomatica under which we will dedicate a 
demonstration-scale production facility in Decatur 
for exclusive use by Genomatica for the scale-up 
of the Bio-BDO process.

The grow phase is beginning 
to yield some small but 
tangible benefits. 

Costs
The total costs associated with the delivery of 
the new Commercial and Food Innovation Centre 
are expected to be £37 million and the common 
IS/IT platform and global support services to be 
£57 million. Of the total amount of £94 million, 
£40 million is expected to be treated as exceptional 
costs within the income statement and £54 million 
as capital expenditure. During the financial year 
2011, £6 million of capital and £10 million of 
exceptional costs were incurred and we anticipate 
around £65 million of expenditure in relation to 
these projects during the year ending 31 March 
2012. The remaining expenditure relating to  
IS/IT and global shared services will be incurred 
in the year ending 31 March 2013. We expect the 
investment made in the common IS/IT platform  
and global support services to pay back over  
a period of three years.

Risk management
We have embedded a framework of risk 
management into the various programmes 
undertaking the initiatives to focus, fix and grow the 
business, to address the execution risk associated 
with them. This framework has been supplemented 
by internal and external risk and assurance 
activities over the life of the programmes.

Conclusion
We have taken a number of important steps during 
the year to deliver on our commitment to focus, 
fix and grow the business. The focus phase is now 
largely complete and the fix phase is progressing 
well, although there is still more work to do.  
Whilst the grow phase is beginning to yield some 
small but tangible benefits it is still early days.  
Our objective remains to build a platform on which 
we can deliver steady and sustainable long-term 
growth and value for shareholders. We remain  
on track to deliver on this objective. 

Javed Ahmed 
Chief Executive

26 May 2011

Tate & Lyle Annual Report 2011   7

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Business review Strategy and key performance indicators

Our vision is to become the leading global provider of speciality food 
ingredients and solutions. Our strategy is to deliver this vision through:

•	 A	disciplined	focus	on	growing	our
  speciality food ingredients business

  –  Deeper customer understanding, 
  continuous innovation and agility

  –  Stronger positions in high  

growth markets

•	 Driving	our	bulk	ingredients	
  business for sustained cash 
generation to fuel this growth

PERFORmANCE

What we measure

We focus on a number of financial performance 
measures to ensure that our strategy successfully 
delivers increased value for our shareholders.

•	 Sales	of	speciality	food	ingredients.

•	 Adjusted	operating	profit.

•	 	Return	on	capital	employed:	adjusted profit before  

interest, tax and exceptional items divided by adjusted 
average net operating assets for continuing operations.

•	 	Cash	conversion	cycle:	controllable working  

capital divided by quarterly sales, multiplied by  
the number of days in quarter.

FINANCIAL	STRENGTH

What we measure

We look at measures of financial strength to  
ensure that we maintain the financial flexibility to 
grow the business whilst maintaining investment 
credit ratings.

•	 	Net debt to EBITDA multiple1: the number of times  
the Group’s net borrowing exceeds its trading cash  
flow.	EBITDA	is	earnings	before	exceptional	items,	 
interest, tax, depreciation and amortisation.

•	 	Interest cover1: the number of times the profit of  
the Group exceeds interest payments made to  
service its debt.

CORPORATE	RESPONSIBILITY

What we measure

It is important that we act responsibly and consider 
carefully the impact our activities have on all 
stakeholders including employees, customers and 
the communities in which we operate.

•	 	Recordable	incident	rate2: the number of  

injuries per 200,000 employee hours that require  
more than first aid.

•	 	Lost-time	accident	rate2: the number of recordable 
injuries sufficiently serious to result in lost work days 
or restricted work activities per 200,000 hours. 

Update on environmental sustainability
We are establishing an index for environmental 
sustainability which we will report on as a key 
performance indicator from calendar year 2011.  
Like safety, we report environmental figures by  
calendar year because we are required to do  
so for other regulatory reporting.

1  Net debt, EBITDA and interest as defined in our banking covenants.

2 

 In previous years we measured the safety index, a weighted average 
of injuries sustained in the workplace. This year we have begun 
instead to report our recordable incident and lost-time accident rates, 
because they are recognised industry standards for benchmarking. 
The rates reported above are combined rates covering both employees 
and contractors. Further detail on employee and contractor rates is 
provided in the Corporate responsibility report on page 27.

8   Tate & Lyle Annual Report 2011

 
 
 
 
 
The Board has chosen a number of key performance indicators  
to measure the Group’s progress. The table below sets out these  
indicators, explaining how they relate to our strategic priorities,  
and how we performed against them this year.

Why we measure it

How we performed
2011

2010 (restated)

Change 
(constant currency)

•	 	To	ensure	we	are	successful	in	growing	the	 

division which is the key area of strategic focus  
for the business.

£805m £788m +2%

•	 	To	track	the	underlying	performance	of	the	

business and to ensure sales growth translates  
into increased profits.

£321m £268m +17%

•	 	To	ensure	that	we	continue	to	generate	a	strong	rate	
of return on the assets that we employ and that we 
have a disciplined approach to capital investment.

20.6% 13.6% +700bps3

•	 	To	track	how	efficient	we	are	in	turning	increased	
sales into cash and to ensure that working capital 
is managed effectively.

34 days 45 days +11 days

Why we measure it

•	 	To	ensure	that	we	have	the	appropriate	level	of	

financial gearing and that we generate sufficient 
profits to service our debt. These measures are  
a key focus for banks and providers of both  
debt and equity capital.

Why we measure it

•	 	The	safety	of	our	employees	and	contractors	 

is of paramount importance. Ensuring safe and 
healthy conditions for employees at all our  
locations is essential to our operation as a 
successful business.

How we performed
2011

2010

1.1x

6.9x

1.8x

5.8x

How we performed
2010 4

2009 4

0.93

0.58

0.89

Change

-5%

0.39

-49%

3 

4 

 Basis points (one hundred basis points equates to one 
percentage point).

   Unlike our other KPIs, we report safety figures by calendar year 
because we are required to do so for other regulatory reporting.

Tate & Lyle Annual Report 2011   9

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Business review Group financial results

Sales were up 5%1 at £2.7 billion, while adjusted 
operating profit was up 17%1, with a 25%1 increase in 
profits from our Speciality Food Ingredients division, our 
focus for growth. With lower interest and tax, earnings 
per share increased by 34%1, and net debt reduced by 
43% to £464m, just over a third of the level at the end  
of financial year 2009.

Tim	Lodge
Chief Financial Officer

Summary of Group financial results

£m (unless stated otherwise) 

Continuing operations 
Sales

Adjusted operating profit
Net finance expense

Adjusted profit before tax
Exceptional items
Amortisation of acquired intangibles

Profit/(loss) before tax
Income tax (expense)/credit

Profit/(loss) for the year from continuing operations
(Loss)/profit for the year from discontinued operations

Profit for the year

Earnings/(loss) per share from continuing operations
Basic
Diluted

Adjusted earnings per share from continuing operations
Basic
Diluted

Dividends per share
Interim paid
Final proposed

Net debt at 31 March

1  Constant currency change.

Constant  
currency 
change 
%

+5

+17

+32

+36
+34

Year to  
31 March  
2011 

Year to  
31 March  
2010 

Change  
reported 
%

2 720

2 533

321
(58)

263
(5)
(13)

245
(49)

196
(29)

167

42.6p
41.9p

46.5p
45.7p

6.8p
16.9p

23.7p

464

268
(72)

196
(298)
(14)

(116)
95

(21)
40

19

(4.7)p
(4.7)p

33.9p
33.7p

6.8p
16.1p

22.9p

814

+7

+20

+34

+37
+36

–
+5

+3.5

+43

10   Tate & Lyle Annual Report 2011

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Sales of £2,720 million (2010 – £2,533 million)  
from continuing operations were 7% higher than 
the prior year (5% in constant currency). Sales  
in Speciality Food Ingredients increased by  
2% (2% in constant currency) from £788 million  
to £805 million with sales volume increasing  
7% year on year. The rate of sales growth was 
impacted by reduced selling prices for sucralose 
reflecting our strategy of securing long-term 
volume incentive contracts with our customers. 
Sales in Bulk Ingredients grew by 10%  
(7% in constant currency) to £1,915 million  
(2010 – £1,745 million). 

Adjusted operating profit increased by 20% 
over the prior year (17% in constant currency) 
to £321 million (2010 – £268 million). Adjusted 
operating profits in Speciality Food Ingredients 
increased by 26% (25% in constant currency) 
to £206 million (2010 – £163 million) driven by 
increased volumes, operational leverage, improved 
product mix and lower manufacturing costs for 
sucralose. In Bulk Ingredients, adjusted operating 
profit grew by 15% (11% in constant currency) 
to £157 million (2010 – £136 million) driven by 
increased volumes, very strong returns from  
co-products on the back of the high corn price  
and an improved performance from ethanol, 
despite lower margins in sweeteners and  
industrial starches. 

Central costs, which include head office, treasury 
and reinsurance activities, increased by £11 million 
to £42 million reflecting the costs associated with 
strengthening the Group’s senior management 
team, costs associated with our financing portfolio 
and one-off costs of £6 million in the first half 
relating to the review of the Group’s activities.

Amortisation of intangibles acquired through 
business combinations was £13 million  
(2010 – £14 million).

Exceptional items from continuing and 
discontinued operations totalled a charge of 
£48 million (2010 – £276 million). Within continuing 
operations there was a net £10 million gain on the 
sale of the Fort Dodge facility and £15 million of 
costs associated with the business transformation 
programme. Within discontinued operations a 
loss of £55 million was booked on the disposal 
of EU Sugars, which remains subject to closing 
adjustments and adjudication as discussed in  
Note 35, partially offset by a gain of £12 million  
on the disposal of Molasses. 

Speciality Food Ingredients 
accounts for 64% of operating 
profit, with margins around 
three times those of Bulk 
Ingredients. 

The net finance expense from continuing 
operations decreased from £72 million to 
£58 million principally as a result of lower pension 
interest expense. We were not able to benefit  
fully in the year from the decrease in average net 
debt due to the predominantly fixed nature of our 
gross borrowings. However the net interest charge 
is expected to be lower in the 2012 financial year  
as a result of lower levels of average net debt,  
the repayment of our US$300 million 6.125%  
bond in June 2011 and a positive impact from 
pension interest. 

Net debt reduced by 43%  
to £464 million. 

Adjusted profit before tax increased by 34% 
(32% in constant currency) to £263 million 
(2010 – £196 million). On a statutory basis, profit 
before tax was £245 million compared to a loss of 
£116 million in the prior year. The effective rate of 
tax on adjusted profit from continuing operations 
was 18.5% (2010 – 20.8%). The decrease was  
due mainly to changes in the geographical origin  
of profits and also the resolution of some  
historical tax issues. 

Discontinued operations comprise the EU Sugars, 
Molasses, International Sugar Trading, and the 
sugar operations in Vietnam and Israel. The 
operating loss from discontinued operations was 
£45 million after exceptional losses of £43 million 
(2010 – profit of £50 million, after exceptional gains 
of £22 million). On 20 April 2011, we announced 
the conditional sale of our Vietnam sugar interests. 
Any profit on disposal will be recognised as 
and when the sale completes. The loss from 
discontinued operations after taxation for the year 
was £29 million (2010 – profit of £40 million). 

Total basic earnings per share was 35.3p  
(2010 – 3.3p) and total diluted earnings per share 
was 34.7p (2010 – 3.3p). Adjusted diluted earnings 
per share from continuing operations was 45.7p 
(2010 – 33.7p) and on the same basis basic 
earnings per share was 46.5p (2010 – 33.9p). 

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Tate & Lyle Annual Report 2011   11

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Business review Speciality Food Ingredients

Speciality Food Ingredients develops, produces and  
markets distinctive, high-quality ingredients for food  
and beverage customers across the world. By leveraging 
our manufacturing facilities, innovative technology  
and formulation expertise, we help them create more  
cost-effective, better tasting products for consumers. 
Speciality Food Ingredients works closely with our 
Innovation and Commercial Development team  
(see page 18) to develop a pipeline of new products. 

Olivier	Rigaud
President

Sales

Operating profit

Operating cashflow

+25%1
£805m £206m

Customers 
•	 	Large,	multi-national	food	and	

beverage manufacturers 

•	 	Small	and	medium-sized	food	 
and beverage manufacturers 
•	 	Private	label	food	and	beverage	

manufacturers

St Petersburg, 
Russia 
Kya Sand,  
South Africa
Mold, UK
Asia Pacific 
Brisbane, Australia 
Jurong Island, 
Singapore

main	locations
Americas
Houlton, Maine
Lafayette, Indiana 
McIntosh, Alabama 
Sycamore, Illinois
Van Buren, Arkansas 
EMEA 
Lübeck, Germany
Bergamo, Italy 
Noto, Italy 
Ossona, Italy 
Koog, The 

Netherlands

£263m

Products
•	 		Starch-based	speciality	ingredients:
–   Speciality starches including  
fat-replacers and stabilisers
–   Speciality sweeteners including 

crystalline fructose

–   Soluble corn fibres including 

polydextrose and PROMITOR™ 
Soluble Corn Fiber
•	 High-intensity	sweeteners:
–  SPLENDA® Sucralose
–  PUREFRUIT™

•	 Food	systems:

–  Stabilisers systems
–  Flavoured systems

Summary of financial results

£m (unless stated otherwise)

Sales
Adjusted operating profit
Margin

1  Constant currency change.

2  Basis points (one hundred basis points equates to one percentage point).

Year to 31 March

2011 

805
206
25.6%

2010 

788
163
20.7%

Reported

+2%
+26%
+490bps2

Change

Constant  
currency

+2%
+25%
+480bps2

12   Tate & Lyle Annual Report 2011

 
Market conditions
In food starches, increased demand for starch 
derivatives and the poor availability in Europe of 
potato-based starches due to the poor harvest, 
has tightened European industry capacity resulting 
in increased demand for corn-based starches and 
a firming of starch margins overall. A short supply 
of tapioca-based starches in Asia resulted in an 
increase in corn-based modified food starch sales 
in the region. In the USA and Europe the continuing, 
albeit gradual, recovery from the recession has 
seen a strengthening demand for modified food 
starch in the convenience food industry with 
innovation in snacks leading the recovery. 

Continuing high and volatile sugar prices have  
had a positive impact on demand for starch-based 
speciality and high-intensity sweeteners. Increased 
regulation in some markets, notably Latin America, 
where some countries are now mandating stricter 
labelling of sugar levels in foods or restricting the 
use of competing sweeteners, further contribute  
to this trend.

Rising levels of obesity and diabetes in both the 
developed and emerging markets as well as the 
high and volatile price of sugar continue to support 
the market for high-intensity sweeteners. Sucralose 
again increased its value share of the high-intensity 
sweeteners market, increasing from 27% to 28%. 
SPLENDA® Sucralose’s share of the global market 
for sucralose remains approximately 90%. 

The increased focus on healthier lifestyles is 
also driving demand in the health and wellness 
space and we have seen robust growth in this 
area driven by new product launches during the 
year. In addition, the favourable opinions granted 
by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) 
for polydextrose and sucralose in April 2011 
are expected to increase the focus on these 
ingredients as key contributors to healthy diets. 

Within Food Systems, a key driver of growth 
continues to be the need for customers to develop 
and formulate more cost effective solutions against 
a backdrop of high commodities prices.

Financial performance
Sales volumes increased by 7% with volume 
growth across all value-added product categories. 
Sales increased by 2% (2% in constant 
currency) to £805 million (2010 – £788 million). 
Adjusted operating profit increased by 26% 
(25% in constant currency) to £206 million 
(2010 – £163 million). The increase in operating 
profit and margin was driven by higher volumes, 
operational leverage, improved product mix and 
lower sucralose manufacturing costs. The effect 
of exchange translation was to increase adjusted 
operating profit by £2 million.

This division comprises three broad product 
platforms	namely:	starch-based	speciality	
ingredients, high-intensity sweeteners and  
food systems.

Starch-based speciality ingredients
In starch-based speciality ingredients sales 
increased by 4% (2% in constant currency) 
to £434 million (2010 – £418 million). Margins 
increased by five percentage points and our aim 
is to hold on to most of these margin gains during 
financial year 2012. The benefits of operational 
leverage derived from selling additional volumes of 
higher margin products with only a relatively small 
uplift in our fixed cost base was the key driver of 
the profitability growth of this product segment. 

In modified food starches, sales volume  
increases were driven by increased demand  
across all regions. Steady growth in developing 
markets, especially the Asia Pacific region, was 
driven by the demand for more convenience and 
manufactured foods. During the year we launched 
RESISTAMYL™ 140, a bakery cream starch,  
in Europe and the initial sales response has  
been encouraging.  

Adjusted	operating	profit	
increased by 26% (25% in 
constant currency). 

Speciality corn sweeteners benefited from higher 
sales volumes in Europe, the USA and developing 
markets, particularly Latin America on the back  
of high and volatile sugar prices. 

The successful launch of our high-fibre, low-sugar 
and low-calorie prebiotic fibre – PROMITOR™ 
Soluble Corn Fiber 85 – in the USA and Latin 
America has driven growth in our health and 
wellness platform which we expect will continue to 
benefit from the consumer trend towards healthier 
lifestyles. During the year we also commissioned 
the first polydextrose fibre manufacturing operation 
in Europe, providing our European customers 
with a shorter supply chain and a broader product 
range. We are very pleased with the customer 
reaction to our fibre product range. As high-value 
products, their growth has improved product mix 
leading to an improvement in margin. 

Whilst sales to developing markets increased 
strongly across this product category during the 
year, they are building from a low base and thus the 
contribution to operating profit remains modest. 

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Tate & Lyle Annual Report 2011   13

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Business review Speciality Food Ingredients

High-intensity sweeteners
Within high-intensity sweeteners, we saw 
good sales volume growth during the year. As 
expected, average selling prices were lower than 
the comparative period, reflecting our strategy 
of securing long-term sucralose contracts with 
volume incentive arrangements. As a result, 
sales by value decreased by 1% (3% in constant 
currency) to £185 million (2010 – £187 million). 
Looking forward, we expect the decline we have 
seen in selling prices for SPLENDA® Sucralose to 
moderate towards the end of this financial year 
as contracts renew. A reduction in SPLENDA® 
Sucralose manufacturing costs was an important 
driver of increased profitability in this product 
segment and Speciality Food Ingredients overall.

We anticipate the current 
steady demand patterns to 
continue and a year of good 
sales growth. 

We have seen continuing strong growth in demand 
for SPLENDA® Sucralose. This growth has come 
not only from more mature markets such as 
Europe and the USA but also emerging markets, 
particularly Asia and Latin America where, as 
in developed markets, obesity and diabetes is 
becoming more prevalent. These markets provide 
an excellent opportunity to expand our footprint 
where the taste preferences of consumers for 
beverages and other products are less well 
established and where the heat stability of 
SPLENDA® Sucralose make it well suited to less 
well developed supply chains. In addition, we 
have also seen increased demand for SPLENDA® 
Sucralose from customers looking to use more 
cost-efficient alternatives in an environment of 
volatile and high-priced sugar.

We expect these long-term structural drivers  
to sustain the growth levels achieved over the  
last few years, supported by a strong pipeline 
of demand for SPLENDA® Sucralose both from 
existing and new customers. This means that 
we will need further capacity to meet future 
demand and as a result we are going to restart 
production of SPLENDA® Sucralose at McIntosh, 
Alabama, USA during the first half of the year 
ending 31 March 2013. The decision to restart 
production at McIntosh, which was taken following 
a comprehensive review of alternative options, 
reinforces our commitment to the sucralose 
business, provides further resilience in our supply 
chain and further strengthens our position as  
the leading global manufacturer and supplier  
of sucralose.

In restarting McIntosh, we will incur approximately 
£3 million of additional costs which will reduce 
profit in the year to 31 March 2012 and the loss 
for the plant will be around twice that amount the 
following year as fixed costs increase. The increase 
in fixed costs includes the impact of additional 
depreciation as the plant is brought back into 
operation. We plan to operate the two plants in 
such a way as to minimise the additional fixed 
costs incurred and expect to achieve good levels 
of operational leverage as volumes increase. 

In May 2009, following the significant increase  
in manufacturing yields achieved during the 2009 
financial year, we announced the mothballing of 
the McIntosh facility and that production of all 
SPLENDA® Sucralose would take place at our 
Singapore facility. At that time, we recognised an 
impairment of £97 million and took a provision of 
£55 million to cover the cash costs associated 
with mothballing McIntosh, in anticipation of cash 
payback over three years. In restarting McIntosh 
we expect to reverse approximately £50 million of 
this impairment this financial year, adjusting the 
original amount by the notional depreciation over 
the last two years and for some equipment which 
needs to be replaced. We expect to incur a further 
£13 million of capital expenditure this financial 
year to bring the plant back into operation and 
will employ more working capital once we restart 
production. We have achieved the annual savings 
from the mothballing as anticipated but expect 
to be able to release approximately £20 million of 
the original £55 million provision this financial year 
once we re-commission the facility. This saving 
more than covers the cash costs of the restart.

Food Systems
During the year, sales from Food Systems 
increased by 2% (3% in constant currency) to 
£186 million (2010 – £183 million) impacted by 
weaker second half volume on the back of tougher 
trading conditions in some markets, notably 
Russia. Volume growth of 4% was driven by 
increases in Asia Pacific, the USA and South Africa. 
We continue to leverage our product formulation 
expertise to provide cost-effective solutions for our 
customers against a backdrop of high and rising 
prices in raw materials. 

Outlook
In Speciality Food Ingredients, we anticipate the 
current steady demand patterns to continue and 
a year of good sales growth. The lower sucralose 
manufacturing costs are now reflected in the 
performance of this division and, accordingly, the 
level of profit growth in the coming financial year  
is expected to be more modest than the strong  
result achieved in financial year 2011.

14   Tate & Lyle Annual Report 2011

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Business review Bulk Ingredients

Bulk Ingredients manufactures and markets a range of 
products including nutritive sweeteners, industrial starches, 
ethanol, acidulants and animal feed, for food and beverage, 
industrial and agricultural customers around the world.  
Bulk Ingredients also partners with an increasing number  
of bio-based materials companies seeking expertise in  
the commercialisation of green chemistry fermentation.  
One such partnership is our joint venture with DuPont  
which manufactures Bio-PDO™ a bio-based ingredient  
used in the textile and plastics industries.

Matt Wineinger
President

Sales

Operating profit

Operating cashflow

£1,915m

+11%1
£157m

£99m

main	locations

Customers 

Products

•	 	Large,	multi-national	food	 

and beverage manufacturers

•	 	Paper	and	board	producers
•	 	Fuel and gasoline suppliers
•	 	Textile	manufacturers
•	 	Animal	feed	compounders

•	 	Liquid	sweeteners	including	corn	

sugar, dextrose and glucose

•	 	Industrial	starches	
•	 	Citric	acid
•	 Bio-fuels
•	 	Animal	feed	including	corn	gluten	 

feed and corn gluten meal

Americas
Dayton, Ohio
Decatur, Illinois
Duluth, Minnesota
Lafayette, Indiana
Loudon, Tennessee
Santa Rosa, Brazil
Cali, Colombia 2
Guadalajara, 
Mexico 2

EMEA
Razgrad, Bulgaria 2  
Szabadegyháza 
(Hungrana plant), 
Hungary 2
Casablanca, 
Morocco
Boleraz, Slovakia 2
Adana, Turkey 2

Summary of financial results

£m (unless stated otherwise)

Sales
Adjusted operating profit
Margin

1  Constant currency change.

2  Joint venture.

3  Basis points (one hundred basis points equates to one percentage point).

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Year to 31 March

2011 

1 915
157
8.2%

2010 

1 745
136
7.8%

Reported

+10%
+15%
+40bps3

Change

Constant  
currency

+7%
+11%
+30bps3

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Tate & Lyle Annual Report 2011   15

 
 
 
Business review Bulk Ingredients

Market conditions
Whilst US domestic demand for nutritive 
sweeteners in the 2011 financial year continued 
its gradual long-term downward trend, strong 
seasonal demand and increased exports of corn 
sweeteners to Mexico offset this impact. Higher 
Mexican demand was driven by high domestic 
sugar prices in the Mexican market, and a relative 
recovery of the Mexican peso against the US dollar 
which accelerated the substitution of cane sugar 
with corn sugar. 

Adjusted	operating	profit	
increased by 15% (11% in 
constant currency). 

US corn yields for the 2010 harvest were low 
compared with recent experience. The fall in 
production is expected to reduce stocks to their 
lowest level since 1996 and the forecast stocks-
to-use ratio for the end of the current crop year is 
the lowest on record. The latest planting intentions, 
reported by the United States Department of 
Agriculture (USDA), indicate that planted corn 
would increase to the second highest level on 
record, driven by high corn prices. The European 
corn price has followed similar trends to the  
US market. 

In the European sweetener market world  
sugar prices rose above the EU preferential rate 
thereby discouraging traditional suppliers of cane 
sugar, some of whom also experienced harvest 
difficulties, from supplying to Europe. This supply 
restriction was compounded by lower beet sugar 
yields from the harsh winter resulting in higher 
sugar prices. The selling price of isoglucose (corn 
sugar), which is closely correlated to the sugar 
price, rose towards the end of the financial year  
but not at the same rate as corn prices, resulting  
in a squeeze on margins. 

Although demand for industrial starches in the USA 
recovered modestly, it still remains significantly 
below the levels experienced before the economic 
downturn. The demand for industrial starches 
in Europe also improved with demand for corn 
starches receiving an additional boost on the back 
of the poor potato harvest. In US ethanol, whilst 
cash margins have increased, levels of profitability 
within the industry remain low overall.

Co-product prices were supported by fundamental 
demand and improved through the year on the 
back of higher corn and competing commodity 
prices. The market for US corn gluten feed was 
boosted by the reopening of European markets  
to EU-approved genetically modified varieties and 
by China’s increased imports of competing feed 
products. Demand for corn gluten meal, primarily 
for pet food, remained firm and exports to Latin 
America were stronger as aquaculture companies 
continued to increase production. In addition, 
demand for corn oil remained strong. 

Financial performance
Sales increased by 10% (7% in constant currency) 
to £1,915 million (2010 – £1,745 million). Adjusted 
operating profit increased by 15% to £157 million 
(11% in constant currency) driven by strong 
levels of co-product income and an improved 
performance from our ethanol business, despite 
lower margins in sweeteners and industrial 
starches. The effect of exchange translation  
was to increase operating profit by £5 million. 

This division comprises three broad product 
platforms	namely:	sweeteners;	industrial	starches,	
acidulants and ethanol; and co-products.

Sweeteners
In the Americas, bulk corn sweetener volumes 
increased by 14% and sales by 3% (decreased  
by 1% in constant currency) to £734 million  
(2010 – £715 million). As anticipated at the time 
of the announcement of our contracting round in 
January 2010, corn sugar (HFCS) unit margins 
were somewhat below the comparative period 
after taking into account lower input costs. 
Whilst we experienced firm demand patterns for 
Corn Sugar 55 and 42 in Mexico and strong US 
domestic demand as good weather provided an 
uplift in seasonal demand, the higher volumes did 
not offset the lower margins which had resulted 
from the 2010 calendar year pricing round and 
profits for the full year were below the  
comparative period. 

Co-product prices were 
supported by fundamental 
demand and improved 
through the year on the back 
of higher corn and competing 
commodity prices. 

16   Tate & Lyle Annual Report 2011

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
In Europe, sales of bulk corn sweeteners increased 
by 10% (14% in constant currency) to £123 million 
(2010 – £112 million). Volumes increased by 11% 
year on year reflecting the increased capacity 
from our Slovakian expansion and increased 
quotas. Unit margins were lower, particularly in 
the second half, on the back of higher corn costs 
which increased at a faster rate than the price of 
sugar, which effectively determines the price for 
isoglucose (corn sugar) in the EU.

Whilst citric acid sales increased within our 
acidulants business, profits were lower than  
the prior year as a result of higher input costs. 
As in the prior year, the Bio-PDO™ joint venture 
broke even in the 2011 financial year. 

Co-products
Sales of co-products increased by 21%  
(19% in constant currency) to £349 million  
(2010 – £289 million).

The impact of rising US corn prices throughout 
the year resulted in additional profits of 
£16 million from co-products compared with the 
prior year. Since over 80% of our corn grind is 
utilised to produce Bulk Ingredients, the majority 
of this impact is recorded within this segment. 
In anticipation of potential supply tightness in 
the run up to the new harvest, we plan to hold 
our silos full to the beginning of the harvest year. 
With the larger volumes in inventory combined 
with the higher price of corn, we increased the 
amount of working capital tied up in US corn 
inventories by approximately £126 million at 
31 March 2011. European corn prices also rose 
increasing co-product sales. However, hedging 
options are more limited than in the USA so 
that higher corn prices had a modest negative 
impact on profitability in the second half. 

Outlook
In Bulk Ingredients, we expect sweetener 
margins to remain flat calendar year on year 
with volumes slightly down as we diversify 
some grind to Speciality Food Ingredients. 
Elsewhere, industrial starches are expected  
to perform better, particularly in Europe,  
but not sufficiently to offset more normal  
co-product returns.

Operating profits from Almex, our Mexican  
joint venture, were up significantly on the 
comparative period, reflecting higher volumes  
and improved pricing. 

Industrial starches, acidulants and ethanol
Sales of industrial starches, acidulants and ethanol 
increased by 13% (10% in constant currency) to 
£709 million (2010 – £629 million). 

Industrial starch volumes grew by 8%. Whilst we 
have seen a modest recovery in market conditions, 
margins continued to be under pressure in the USA 
where the market remains very competitive. The 
performance for the year was below the prior year 
as the increased volumes were more than offset by 
lower unit margins. In Europe, tighter supply-side 
conditions as a result of the poor starch potato 
harvest resulted in improved margins towards  
the end of the year.  

In Europe, sales of bulk 
corn sweeteners increased 
by 10% (14% in constant 
currency). 

Whilst we experienced improved positive cash 
margins in US ethanol, this product continued to 
generate a loss at the operating level. At the end 
of the period, we completed the sale of our Fort 
Dodge facility for cash consideration of £36 million 
resulting in an exceptional credit for the full year of 
£10 million (2010 – impairment of £217 million). The 
disposal reduces our exposure to what remains a 
volatile and highly commoditised industry. 

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Tate & Lyle Annual Report 2011   17

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Business review Innovation and Commercial Development

 The role of the Innovation and Commercial Development team is  
to identify and develop new business opportunities and to create and 
commercialise new ingredients, thereby providing long-term growth  
for Tate & Lyle. 

Karl Kramer
President

Remit
The Innovation and Commercial Development 
(ICD) group is a key enabler of Tate & Lyle’s 
strategy. Established on 1 June 2010, its remit  
is to drive long-term growth across Tate & Lyle.

ICD brings together three areas – product 
development, marketing, and platform 
management – into one global team, providing 
an integrated approach to developing and 
commercialising innovation.

While ICD supports both of Tate & Lyle’s global 
business units, it concentrates mainly on growing  
our Speciality Food Ingredients division. As a 
result, ICD’s resources are predominantly focused 
on three broad areas within the global speciality 
food ingredients market – sweeteners, texturants 
and health and wellness. 

Within ICD, we have a dedicated Open Innovation 
team which looks to develop partnerships with 
universities, customers and start-ups specialising 
in food science, with a goal of bringing their new 
technologies or products to market. 

ICD is responsible for developing and  
managing the Group’s innovation pipeline, and 
also for launching commercially successful  
new products. 

Innovation centres and laboratories
ICD is currently headquartered in Decatur,  
Illinois, USA but, by early 2012, its global 
headquarters will be the new Commercial  
and Food Innovation Centre in Chicago, USA. 
This new centre, which will feature state-of-the-
art laboratories, a demonstration kitchen, and 
sensory testing, analytical and pilot plant facilities, 
will give us the ideal facilities for working more 
closely with customers. In this centre we will  
be able to develop solutions to meet their  
functional, formulation and nutritional needs. 

As well as the new centre in Chicago, ICD has  
a research centre in Lille, France. These two 
centres are supported by a global network of 
smaller regional applications laboratories (in 
countries such as China, Germany, Argentina, 
Australia, and South Africa) where our local 
applications specialists take our customers’ 
products from a written brief to prototype at high 
speed, while ensuring the final product reflects 
local tastes. We are currently building two more 
applications laboratories, one in Brazil and  
one in Mexico. 

Pilot plants
ICD also operates the Group’s pilot plant 
facilities, both laboratory scale and within our 
manufacturing facilities. Scaling up and testing 
formulations and ideas at our pilot plants allows  
us to assess the feasibility of new processes,  
new products and new technology, ensuring  
we get them right before investing in  
commercial-scale processes. 

Market research
Customer understanding drives all that we  
do. We use market research to help us better 
understand the consumer (our customers’ 
customer). Through our research programme, 
ICD measures consumers’ views on particular 
ingredients; gets their opinions on the latest 
trends; analyses their dietary habits; and 
understands their attitudes towards ‘healthy’ 
food. Our research covers all the regions of  
the world we operate in, giving us the insights 
necessary to offer tailor-made solutions for  
our customers that we know will work in  
local markets. 

18   Tate & Lyle Annual Report 2011

Business review Risk	management

Tate & Lyle could be affected by a number of risks, which might  
have a material adverse effect on our reputation, operations and  
financial performance. 

The Board of directors has overall responsibility  
for the Group’s system of risk management and 
internal control. The schedule of matters reserved  
to the Board ensures that the directors control,  
among other matters, all significant strategic,  
financial and organisational issues.

Approach
The Group’s enterprise-wide risk management  
and reporting process helps management to  
identify, assess, prioritise and mitigate risk.  
The process involves an ongoing programme of 
workshops, facilitated by the risk management 
function, held around the Group. The risks identified 
are collated and reported through functional and 
divisional levels to the Group Executive Committee. 
This culminates in the identification of the Group’s 
key business, financial, operational and compliance 
risks with associated action plans and controls to 
mitigate them where possible (and to the extent 
deemed appropriate taking account of costs and 
benefits). The output is then reviewed by the Board. 
Responsibility for managing each key risk and the 
associated mitigating controls is allocated to an 
individual executive within each division. As part  
of the process, senior executive management 
formally confirms that these key risks are being 
managed appropriately within their operations  
and that controls have been examined and are 
effective. The confirmations and any exceptions are 
discussed at the Audit Committee and Corporate 
Responsibility Committee once a year. 

During the year ended 31 March 2011, the risk 
management process was enhanced further 
through an exercise undertaken by the Board of 
directors and the Group Executive Committee to 
consider the nature and extent of the Group’s risk 
appetite. The results of this exercise are being used 
as part of the Group’s strategic planning activities, 
and in considering ongoing mitigating actions.

The Group’s risk management process 
continues to follow the Committee of Sponsoring 
Organizations of the Treadway Commission 
(COSO) Enterprise Risk framework. The COSO 
framework provides a process to manage the 
risk of failure to achieve business objectives and 
assurance against material loss or misstatement. 

Key risks
Key risks and uncertainties identified as part of  
the risk management process undertaken during 
the year, together with some of the mitigating 
actions that we are taking, are set out below. It is 
not possible to identify or anticipate every risk that 
may affect the Group. Our overall success as a 
global business depends, in part, upon our ability  
to succeed in different economic, social and 
political environments and to manage and to 
mitigate these risks.

Risk

Impact and description

Examples of mitigating actions

Failure to act safely  
and to maintain the  
safe and continuous  
operation of our  
facilities

The safety of our employees,  
contractors, suppliers, and the 
communities in which we operate is 
paramount. We must operate within 
local laws, regulations, rules and 
ordinances relating to health, safety and 
the environment, including emissions. 
The operation of plants involves many 
risks, including failure or sub-standard 
performance of critical equipment; 
improper installation or operation of 
equipment; failure of critical supplier; 
and natural disasters. If these risks 
cause a temporary or permanent 
stoppage in production, this could  
have a material adverse effect  
on the Group.

•   Corporate Responsibility Committee in place
•   Board annual review of Group safety/environmental 

performance/policies

•   Separate central global function established, Group 

Operational Efficiency and Sustainability, outside business  
unit control, to set and monitor standards

•   Health and safety policies and procedures at all facilities with 

dedicated staff to ensure policies are embedded and measured

•   Environmental management systems at production facilities 
•   Business continuity plans in place to enable supply,  

as quickly as practicable, of product to customers from 
alternative sources in the event of a natural disaster or  
major equipment or plant failure backed by appropriate 
insurance coverage against business interruption

•			Periodic	review	of	critical	supply	or	supplier	dependencies	 

in principal manufacturing operations.

Failure to maintain the 
quality of our products 
and high standards of 
customer service

The safety of consumers of our  
products is critical. Poor quality  
or sub-standard products or poor 
customer service could have a  
negative impact on our reputation  
and relationships with customers.

•   Central global function, Group Operational Efficiency  

and Sustainability, manages Group-wide quality process  
and procedures

•			Product	safety	and	quality	policies	and	procedures	in	 

place to prevent contamination

•   Dedicated staff at all locations to ensure policies are 

embedded and measured
•   Third-party audits completed
•   Recall simulation exercises undertaken.

Tate & Lyle Annual Report 2011   19

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Business review Risk	management

Risk

Impact and description

Examples of mitigating actions

Failure to attract,  
develop and retain  
key personnel

Non-compliance  
with legislation and 
regulation

Performance, knowledge and skills  
of employees are central to success.  
We must attract, integrate and retain  
the talent required to fulfil our ambitions 
and deliver the Group’s strategy. Inability 
to retain key knowledge and adequately 
plan for succession could have a  
negative impact on Company 
performance.

•   Remuneration policies designed to attract, retain  

and reward employees with ability and experience  
to execute Group strategy

•   Talent strategy to provide opportunities for  

employees to develop careers

•   Single global performance appraisal system in place
•   New Commercial and Food Innovation Centre in 
Chicago, USA to help attract and retain new  
talent to the Group.

The Group operates in diverse markets 
and therefore is exposed to a wide range 
of legal and regulatory frameworks. We 
must understand and comply with all 
applicable legislation. Any breach could 
have a financial impact and damage  
our reputation.

•   Regulatory managers monitor changes in  

legislation and develop action plans

•   Legal teams maintain compliance policies in  

areas such as antitrust, money laundering and  
anti-corruption laws; and provide ongoing training  
to employees 

•   External consultants provide quarterly reports  

on regulatory change.

Fluctuations in prices, 
offtake and availability 
of raw materials, energy, 
freight and other  
operating inputs

Margins may be affected by fluctuations 
in crop prices due to factors such as 
harvest and weather conditions, crop 
disease, crop yields, alternative crops and 
co-product values. In some cases, due to 
the basis for pricing in sales contracts, or 
due to competitive markets, we may not 
be able to pass on to customers the full 
amount of raw material price increases  
or higher energy, freight or other  
operating costs.

Failure to protect 
intellectual property 

Our commercial success depends, in 
part, on obtaining and maintaining patent 
protection on certain products and 
technology. We must successfully defend 
patents against third-party challenges  
or infringements.

•   Strategic relationships with suppliers and 

trading companies

•   Multiple-source supply agreements for key 

ingredient supplies

•   Balanced portfolio of supply and tolling 

contracts in operation with customers to 
manage balance of raw material prices and 
product sales prices and volume risks 

•   Raw material and energy purchasing policies  

to provide security of supply 

•   Derivatives used where possible to hedge 
exposure to movements in future prices  
of commodities.

•   Group legal department, supported by expert 

patent lawyers, monitors all patents 

•   Group Intellectual Property (IP) committee in 
place, chaired by the President of Innovation 
and Commercial Development, to oversee the 
Group’s IP management 

•   Organised and secure process for identifying 
and recording innovations, trade secrets and 
potential patentable ideas.

Competitors may achieve 
significant advantage 
through technological  
step change or higher 
service levels 

Competitors could introduce a major 
technological step change, such as 
significantly improving the efficiency of a 
production process and lowering costs 
(and thereby commoditising products); 
or introduce a new product with better 
functionality which in turn could lead to  
a decline in our sales and/or profitability. 
We must ensure we exceed or at least 
match competitors’ service and  
quality performance.

•   Innovation and Commercial Development  
team to produce innovations in product 
development, applications, manufacturing 
technology and customer services

•   Global key account managers in place for  

major customers

•   Improved customer relationship management 

capabilities as part of the programme to 
implement a common global IS/IT platform  
and global support services.

20   Tate & Lyle Annual Report 2011

Risk

Impact and description

Examples of mitigating actions

Failure to implement the 
Group’s programme to 
transform its operational 
capabilities

The Group has committed to a 
programme to transform its operational 
capabilities, primarily by implementing a 
common global IS/IT platform and global 
support services. If this programme is not 
implemented as planned, this would have 
an adverse impact on the Group’s ability 
to achieve its strategy.

•	 	Dedicated	resources	allocated	to	the	project
•	 	Project	scope	set	out	in	detailed	legal	contracts	

with external system integrator and other 
providers, with appropriate governance and 
remedy mechanisms

•	 	Detailed	project	implementation	plan	subject	to	

both internal and external audit and review

•	 	Formal	steering	committee	(executive	

management) and Board/Audit Committee 
review of project progress against agreed 
milestones and timelines.

Failure to counter  
negative perceptions  
of the Group’s  
products

We must be fully prepared to counter 
unexpected/unfounded negative publicity 
about our products.

•   Innovation and Commercial Development  
and regulatory teams substantiate relevant 
product claims 

•   Media relations department monitors Group 
press coverage and has action plans to deal 
with any negative publicity.

Failure to identify 
important consumer  
trends and innovate  
could impact the  
business’s ability  
to grow

Falling behind the curve on emerging 
dietary trends and/or an inability to 
innovate could impact the delivery of the 
Group’s strategy. This would impact its 
performance and reputation. 

•   Innovation and Commercial Development team  
works closely with customers and advisors to  
identify emerging trends 

•   Consumer-facing research to ensure we are 

aware of consumers’ needs and expectations

•   Global key account managers in place for  

major customers

•   New Commercial and Food Innovation Centre  

in Chicago, USA will enable scientists, marketing,  
sales and technical experts to collaborate more  
closely with customers

•   Recruitment and training policies in place to  

strengthen and upgrade staff skill sets.

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Failure to manage  
capital expenditure and 
working capital, and 
deliver key projects 

We must manage our finances within 
strictly controlled parameters, particularly 
when external financial conditions are 
uncertain and highly changeable. The 
change programme currently being 
undertaken by the Group consists of a 
number of projects which, if not delivered 
successfully, could impact the Group’s 
performance and reputation. 

•   Significant projects approved and monitored  

by the Board

•   Debt and working capital levels monitored  

constantly and reported monthly to the Board
•   Capital expenditure procedures to control and  

monitor allocation and spend 

•   Major or key projects have dedicated teams
•   External resources and expertise used where  

required or as appropriate.

Failure to maintain an 
effective system of  
internal financial  
controls 

Without effective internal financial 
controls, we could be exposed to financial 
irregularities and losses from acts which 
could have a significant impact on the 
ability of the business to operate. We 
must safeguard business assets and 
ensure accuracy and reliability of records 
and financial reporting.

•   Authorisation policies ensure that key tasks  

are segregated to safeguard assets 

•   Detailed internal finance and capital expenditure 

manuals set out procedure 

•			Group	financial	performance	monitored	with	 

monthly Board reports and regular forecasting 

•   Chief Executive and Chief Financial Officer  
undertake detailed quarterly business and  
financial reviews

•		Internal	audit	function	provides	assurance.

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Tate & Lyle Annual Report 2011   21

 
 
 
Business review	Additional	financial	information

Basis of preparation 

Adjusted performance
Adjusted profit is reported as it provides  
both management and investors with valuable  
additional information on the performance of  
the business. The following items are excluded 
from	adjusted	profit:

•	

•	

•	

		results	of	discontinued	operations,	including	
gains and losses on disposal (Note 12 and  
Note 37);

	exceptional	items	from	continuing	operations	
(Note 7); and

	amortisation	of	intangibles	acquired	through	
business combinations.

This adjusted information is used internally  
for analysing the performance of the business.  
A reconciliation of reported and adjusted 
information is included in Note 43.

Impact of changes in exchange rates
Our reported financial performance has been 
positively impacted this year by exchange rate 
translation, in particular due to the strengthening 
of the average US dollar exchange rate against 
sterling. The movement in exchange rates had led 
to increased profits and a reduction in net debt 
as a result of the translation of accounts recorded 
in foreign exchange. The average and closing 
exchange rates used to translate reported  
results	were	as	follows:

US	dollar:sterling
Euro:sterling

Average rates

Closing rates

2011

2010

2011

2010

1.55
1.19

1.61
1.13

1.60
1.13

1.52
1.12

Segmental analysis
Following the change of the organisational 
structure announced in May 2010, the Group 
restructured its internal organisation into four 
distinct	segments:	Speciality	Food	Ingredients,	
Bulk Ingredients, Sugars and central costs. Sugars 
was subsequently classified as discontinued 
following the announcement on 1 July 2010 of the 
disposal of EU Sugars and the launch of processes 
to sell the remaining businesses within the Sugars 
division. Comparative information has been 
reclassified accordingly. 

Central costs
Central costs, which include head office, treasury 
and reinsurance activities, increased by £11 million 
to £42 million reflecting the costs associated with 
strengthening the Group’s senior management 
team, costs associated with our financing portfolio 
and one-off costs of £6 million in the first half 
relating to the review of the Group’s activities.  
The effect of exchange translation was to  
increase central costs by £1 million. 

Energy costs
Energy costs for the year were £170 million  
(2010 – £178 million), a decrease of 4% (7% in 
constant currency). The improvement of £12 million in 
constant currency was due principally to lower prices 
(£22 million) and efficiency improvements (£9 million), 
partly offset by higher volumes (£14 million) and an 
unfavourable input mix (£5 million). We have covered 
the cost of almost 70% of our estimated energy 
needs for the 2012 financial year, and while contracts 
have been secured at higher prices than in the 2011 
financial year we will look to mitigate some of the 
upward pressure through efficiencies. 

Exceptional items from continuing operations

Year to 
31 March
2011
£m

Year to 
31 March 
2010 
£m

Business transformation costs
Gain on disposal of assets net of 
    pre-disposal costs – Fort Dodge
Impairment charges – Fort Dodge
UK Group Pension Scheme  
    changes
Closure costs
Write-down of assets

Exceptional items

(15)

10
–

–
–
–

(5)

(3)

–
(217)

5
(55)
(28)

(298)

Exceptional items within our continuing operations 
during the year totalled a net charge of £5 million 
on a pre-tax basis. We recognised an exceptional 
gain of £10 million relating to the Fort Dodge facility 
which was sold on 30 March 2011. The facility was 
impaired in the previous financial year. We have 
incurred an exceptional charge of £15 million in 
relation to business transformation costs, principally 
restructuring associated with the new Commercial 
and Food Innovation Centre in Chicago, USA and  
the implementation of a common global IS/IT 
platform and global support services. 

The tax impact on continuing net exceptional items 
is a charge of £10 million. In addition, an exceptional 
tax credit of £8 million has been recognised in 
respect of unrealised profit on inventory following 
the restructuring of our business. This credit has no 
impact on cash paid or received. 

Exceptional items from continuing operations  
in the 2010 financial year comprised a £3 million 
charge relating to business transformation costs 
in Speciality Food Ingredients, an impairment 
charge of £217 million relating to the decision to 
mothball our Fort Dodge facility, a £55 million charge 
relating to our decision to mothball the sucralose 
manufacturing facility in McIntosh, Alabama, USA, 
and the write-off of £28 million of research and 
development assets from which we no longer expect 
to receive a commercial benefit. We also recognised 
a £5 million exceptional gain in relation to changes 
to the UK Group Pension Scheme. The exceptional 
tax credit on continuing operations was £117 million, 
primarily due to the deferred tax asset related to the 
impairment of the Fort Dodge facility. An exceptional 
tax credit of £15 million was also recognised in 
respect of the release of various tax provisions.

22   Tate & Lyle Annual Report 2011

 
 
 
 
These items relate to the impact of major  
turbulence in the supply of raw sugar to the  
EU during the period prior to closing which 
resulted in an increase in certain rolling re-export 
commitments of the business arising under the EU 
Sugar Regime. The Group believes that its position 
is fully supported and as such will be robustly 
defended. No provision in respect of outstanding 
items has been recorded.

Earnings per share
Adjusted diluted earnings per share from  
continuing operations was 45.7p (2010 – 33.7p), 
an increase of 36% (34% in constant currency) as 
a result of higher operating profits, lower finance 
costs and the reduction in the effective tax rate.  
On the same basis, basic earnings per share was 
higher by 37% (36% in constant currency) at  
46.5p (2010 – 33.9p).

Total basic earnings per share at 35.3p was higher 
than the prior year as the 2010 basic earnings 
per share of 3.3p was impacted by significant 
exceptional costs.

Dividend
The Board is recommending a 5% increase in the 
final dividend to 16.9p (2010 – 16.1p) making a full 
year dividend of 23.7p (2010 – 22.9p) per share, 
up 3.5% on the prior year. Subject to shareholder 
approval, the proposed final dividend will be due 
and payable on 5 August 2011 to all shareholders 
on the Register of Members at 1 July 2011. In 
addition to the cash dividend option, shareholders 
will also be offered a Dividend Reinvestment Plan 
(DRIP) alternative. The DRIP replaces the scrip 
alternative that was previously available  
to shareholders.

Assets
Gross assets at 31 March 2011 were £3,051 million, 
£237 million lower than the previous year principally 
as a result of the disposal of EU Sugars and 
Molasses. Net assets increased by £119 million 
to £973 million driven by the profits generated 
in the year and actuarial gains relating to our 
post retirement plans partially offset by dividend 
payments and foreign exchange losses on the 
translation of overseas subsidiaries.

Post-retirement	benefits
We maintain pension plans for our employees in a 
number of countries. Some of these arrangements 
are defined benefit pension schemes and, although 
we have closed the main UK scheme to future 
accrual and commenced the process for closing 
the US schemes to future accrual during the year, 
legacy obligations remain. In the USA, we also 
provide medical and life assurance benefits as  
part of the retirement package. 

Net finance expense
The net finance expense from continuing 
operations decreased from £72 million to 
£58 million, principally as a result of lower pension 
interest expense. We were not able to benefit fully 
from the decrease in average net debt due to the 
fixed nature of our gross borrowings. 

However, the net interest charge is expected to  
be significantly lower in the 2012 financial year  
as a result of lower levels of average net debt,  
a reduction of our average effective interest rate 
principally as a result of the repayment of our 
US$300 million bond in June 2011, and a change 
from a £4 million pension interest expense in 
the year ended 31 March 2011 to an anticipated 
pension interest credit of £5 million in the year 
ending 31 March 2012.

Taxation
The taxation charge from continuing operations 
before exceptional items and amortisation of 
acquired intangible assets was £49 million 
(2010 – £41 million) as a result of higher pre-tax 
adjusted profit. The effective rate of tax on adjusted 
profit decreased to 18.5% (2010 – 20.8%) as a 
result of the geographic mix of profits and also  
the resolution of some historical tax issues. 

The effective tax rate for the 2012 financial year  
is expected to remain broadly in line with this year’s 
effective tax rate assuming the geographic mix of 
profits is in line with our expectations.

Discontinued operations
Discontinued operations comprise our former 
Sugars Division, principally our former EU Sugars 
business which we sold in September 2010, 
our former Molasses business which we sold in 
December 2010, our former International Sugar 
Trading business, and our Vietnam and Israeli 
sugar interests which are reported as assets held 
for sale. On 20 April 2011 we announced we had 
entered into a conditional agreement to sell our 
Vietnam business. 

Sales from discontinued operations for the year 
decreased to £590 million from £1,074 million as a 
result of the sale of EU Sugars and Molasses part 
way through the year. The operating loss from our 
discontinued operations totalled £45 million, after 
exceptional losses of £43 million (2010 – profit of 
£50 million, after exceptional profits of £22 million). 

The exceptional pre-tax loss for the year of 
£43 million comprises the £55 million loss 
on disposal of EU Sugars booked during the 
year partially offset by the £12 million profit 
on the disposal of Molasses. Taxation on our 
discontinued operations was a £16 million 
credit (2010 – £11 million charge) after reflecting 
an exceptional tax credit of £19 million 
(2010 – £5 million charge). The loss from
discontinued operations after taxation for the  
year was £29 million (2010 – profit of £40 million).  
The final loss on disposal of EU Sugars is subject  
to closing adjustments arising from the agreement 
of post completion statements. The process to 
reach such agreement is ongoing, and items 
totalling £54 million remain outstanding and are 
expected to be submitted for adjudication to  
an independent expert. 

Tate & Lyle Annual Report 2011   23

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Business review Additional	financial	information

The net deficit on our post retirement  
obligations reduced by £118 million to £139 million 
at 31 March 2011 from £257 million in the prior  
year principally as a result of increasing asset 
valuations and cash contributions during the year. 
The UK pension obligations relating to EU Sugars 
and Molasses remained with the Group.

Net debt
Net debt fell by £350 million to £464 million  
(2010 – £814 million) driven by free cash flow of 
£190 million from the continuing businesses and 
£316 million relating to the sale of EU Sugars, 
Molasses and Fort Dodge. These inflows were 
partially offset by cash utilised by the discontinued 
businesses amounting to £105 million, principally 
the repayment of letters of credit ahead of  
disposal, and dividend payments of £70 million.  
In addition, the Group’s debt is primarily 
denominated in US dollars and euros to match  
the underlying currencies of the operational cash 
flows and net assets and, therefore, as sterling  
has strengthened against the US dollar and the 
euro, net debt reported in sterling has reduced  
by £27 million.

During the year, net debt peaked at £836 million in 
May 2010. The average net debt was £661 million, 
a reduction of £359 million from £1,020 million in 
the prior year.

Cash flow

Adjusted operating profit from  
    continuing businesses
Depreciation/amortisation
Working capital
Share-based payments 

Operating cash flow
Capital expenditure 

Operating cash flow less  
    capital expenditure
Net interest and tax paid

Free cashflow

Year to 
31 March
2011
£m

Year to 
31 March 
2010 
£m

321

96
(101)
9

325
(58)

267

(77)

190

268

105
186
4

563
(60)

503

(89)

414

Operating cash flow from continuing operations 
was £325 million, a decrease of £238 million 
compared with the prior year primarily due to 
increases in working capital of £101 million 
(2010 – reduction of £186 million) as we took the 
decision to increase US inventories (£126 million)  
in the second half of the year. This action was taken 
in response to the anticipated tight supply situation 
running up to the next corn harvest. We also made 
further progress to reduce working capital tied  
up in payables and receivables. 

Net interest paid decreased by £13 million to 
£46 million principally as a result of a decrease in 
interest paid on our bank and other borrowings. 

Income tax paid was £31 million. 

Capital expenditure of £58 million was 64% of the 
depreciation charge, reflecting the transition to our 
new Group capital allocation process. Including 
the investments we will be making in growth and 
business transformation and the additional capital 
investment required to restart production at the 
McIntosh facility, we expect capital expenditure 
to be up to 1.4 times depreciation in the 2012 
financial year. 

Free cash inflow (representing cash generated 
from continuing operations after working capital, 
interest, taxation and capital expenditure) was 
£190 million, £224 million lower than the prior year 
principally as a result of the increases in working 
capital discussed earlier. 

Cash outflow related to discontinued operations 
was £105 million compared with an inflow of 
£97 million in the prior year due to the timing of 
working capital flows ahead of the disposal of 
EU Sugars and Molasses. Net disposal proceeds 
from the sale of EU Sugars and Molasses were 
£280 million. 

Equity dividends paid were £70 million, £33 million 
lower than the previous year due to the high take 
up of the scrip dividend. 

Financial risk factors
Our key financial risk factors are market risks,  
such as foreign exchange, transaction and 
translation exposures, and credit and liquidity risks. 
Please refer to Note 21 of the financial statements 
on page 89 for a discussion of these risk factors.

Off balance sheet arrangements
In the ordinary course of business, to manage  
our operations and financing, we enter into certain 
performance guarantees and commitments for 
capital and other expenditure.

The aggregate amount of indemnities and other 
performance guarantees, on which no material loss 
has arisen, including those related to joint ventures 
and associates, was £1 million at 31 March 2011 
(2010 – £13 million).

24   Tate & Lyle Annual Report 2011

We aim to optimise financing costs in respect of 
all financing transactions. Where it is economically 
beneficial, we choose to lease rather than purchase 
assets. Leases of property, plant and equipment 
where the lessor assumes substantially all the risks 
and rewards of ownership are treated as operating 
leases, with annual rentals charged to the income 
statement over the term of the lease. Commitments 
under operating leases to pay rentals in future 
years totalled £173 million (2010 – £195 million) 
and related primarily to railcar leases in the USA. 
Rental charges for the year ended 31 March 2011 
in respect of continuing operations were  
£23 million (2010 – £24 million).

Use and fair value of financial instruments
In the normal course of business we use both 
derivative and non-derivative financial instruments.

The fair value of Group net borrowings at the year 
end was £504 million against a book value of 
£464 million (2010 – fair value £823 million; book 
value £814 million).

Derivative financial instruments used to manage 
the interest rate and currency of borrowings had 
a fair value of £4 million liability (2010 – £9 million 
liability). The main types of instrument used are 
interest rate swaps, interest rate options (caps or 
floors) and cross-currency interest rate swaps.

The fair value of other derivative financial 
instruments hedging future currency and 
commodity transactions was £3 million asset 
(2010 – £6 million liability). When managing 
currency exposure, we use spot and forward 
purchases and sales, and options.

The fair value of other derivative financial 
instruments accounted for as held for trading  
was £2 million asset (2010 – £22 million).

Fair value estimation
The fair value of derivative financial instruments 
is based on the market price of comparable 
instruments at the balance sheet date if they 
are publicly traded. The fair value of the forward 
currency contracts has been determined based 
on market forward exchange rates at the balance 
sheet date. The fair values of short-term deposits, 
receivables, payables, loans and overdrafts with 
a maturity of less than one year are assumed to 
approximate their book values. The fair values of 
bonds, bank and other loans, including finance 
lease liabilities due in more than one year, are 
estimated by discounting the future contractual 
cash flows at the current market interest rate 
available to the Group for similar financial 
instruments, adjusted for the fair valuation effects 
of currency and interest rate risk exposures,  
where those instruments form part of related 
hedging relationship agreements, financial and 
commodity forward contracts and options,  
and commodity futures. The value of certain  
items of merchandisable agricultural commodities 
that are included in inventories are based on 
market prices.

Going concern
The Group’s business activities, together with 
the factors likely to affect its future development, 
performance and position are set out in this 
Business review. The financial position of the 
Group, its cash flows, liquidity position and 
borrowing facilities are described in the same 
sections. In addition, Note 21 to the financial 
statements includes the Group’s objectives, 
policies and processes for managing its capital;  
its financial risk management objectives; details  
of its financial instruments and hedging activities; 
and its exposures to credit risk and liquidity risk.

As set out in the sections and note referenced 
above, the market conditions of the areas in  
which the Group operates have been affected,  
and are likely to continue to be affected, by  
large movements in input prices. However,  
with some 75% of revenues from food and 
beverage ingredients, the Group has a measure 
of resilience (although not immunity) to economic 
challenges. In addition, the Group has access 
to considerable financial resources through its 
facilities as described in Note 21 to the financial 
statements. In making their assessment of the 
going concern basis, the directors have reviewed 
the maturities of these facilities, the headroom 
available from them and the Group’s ability to  
meet the covenant requirements of certain of  
them. As a consequence, the directors believe  
that the Group is well placed to manage its 
business risks successfully.

After making enquiries, the directors have a 
reasonable expectation that the Company and 
the Group have adequate resources to continue 
in operational existence for the foreseeable future. 
Accordingly, they continue to adopt the going 
concern basis in preparing the annual report  
and accounts.

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Tate & Lyle Annual Report 2011   25

 
 
 
Business review Corporate responsibility

	At	Tate	&	Lyle	we	see	the	Company’s	performance	in	financial,	
operational, social and environmental terms. They are interdependent 
and all contribute to creating value, which is why corporate responsibility 
measures are included in our Group key performance indicators. 
Javed Ahmed, Chief Executive

Our approach to corporate responsibility (CR)
is enshrined in our Business Code of Conduct 
(the Code), a copy of which can be found on our 
website, www.tateandlyle.com. The Code applies 
unconditionally to all wholly-owned parts of 
the Group, and we also seek to apply the Code 
in those operations in which we have a 50% 
stake or more. Where we have a minority stake, 
we encourage our partners to adopt the Code. 
Applying the Code requires proactive management 
at every level within the Company.

The Board reviews Tate & Lyle’s CR policies  
and performance annually, and the Chief  
Executive is the Board member accountable  
for all aspects of CR. 

Improving	our	management	of	CR
Following both the Group strategic review and 
Board effectiveness review we carried out in 2010 
(details of which are in the annual report 2010),  
we enhanced how we oversee, manage and report 
on	our	CR	risks	and	performance,	including:

•	

•	

•	

	we	established	a	new	Board	Committee,	 
the CR Committee, to review and monitor  
the processes and measures used to manage 
social, environmental and ethical risks. Details 
of the Committee’s membership, attendance 
and key activities are on page 42. The 
Committee’s terms of reference are available  
on our website, www.tateandlyle.com;

	we	reorganised	CR	activities	under	a	new	 
global unit, Group Operational Efficiency  
and Sustainability (GOES). The Group VP,  
GOES reports directly to the Chief Executive, 
who retains overall responsibility for CR.  
As part of this reorganisation, we also  
created a new position, VP Sustainability,  
with specific responsibility for driving forward 
our sustainability work and communicating  
with stakeholders; and

	with	the	help	of	our	internal	audit	function	 
and external consultants URS Scott Wilson,  
we carried out a review of CR performance  
data presented in the annual report. It resulted 
in improvements to the way CR data is  
captured across the Group, and changes  
to how we measure and report performance. 
We now report key performance indicators  
on a normalised absolute basis, in line with 
industry practice.

Reporting	parameters
We report safety and environmental performance 
by calendar year, because we are required to do so 
for other regulatory reporting. Assertions made in 
this CR section have been verified by our internal 
audit function and the processes for measuring our 
carbon footprint have been externally reviewed  
by URS Scott Wilson.

This year we have reorganised our reporting of CR 
issues for ease of reference, bringing together into 
one section our reports on safety, our people, the 
environment and communities. Next year we plan 
to report using a stakeholder model – consisting 
of workplace, marketplace, the environment and 
communities – to reflect the integral importance  
of our stakeholders to our decision-making. 

Safety 

We have no higher priority than safety. Ensuring 
safe and healthy conditions for employees, 
contractors and visitors at all our locations is 
essential to our operation as a successful business.

Overview of the year
Whilst our safety performance at most of  
our locations improved in 2010 and our safety 
performance continues to compare favourably 
against the industry, the Group’s overall safety 
performance deteriorated in 2010. We were deeply 
saddened by the death of one employee at our 
joint-venture plant in Adana, Turkey (as mentioned 
in the annual report 2010). Three other employees 
also suffered serious injuries. Whilst all three 
have now returned to their old positions, these 
incidents contributed to the overall deterioration 
in safety performance. This is not acceptable, and 
we are taking action to enhance our safety culture 
throughout Tate & Lyle. 

Managing safety
Maintaining a consistently safe and healthy 
workplace for our people requires effective, 
proactive management. During the year, we 
undertook a comprehensive review of our 
approach to managing safety. As a first step,  
in August 2010 we introduced a ‘Call to Action’  
to standardise best practice and help embed  
a safety culture Group-wide – an effort greatly 
helped by our restructuring as an integrated  
global company and the subsequent global 
management of safety initiatives, policies  
and programmes.

26   Tate & Lyle Annual Report 2011

Projects	and	activities
We implemented a number of initiatives as part  
of	the	Call	to	Action:

•	

•	

•	

	the	Chief	Executive	and	all	his	direct	reports	are	
closely involved in our safety auditing system;

	we	commissioned	external	safety	consultants,	
DuPont, to conduct a Group-wide perception 
survey and field assessments, leading to a 
safety improvement plan that includes action 
plans for all plants;

	we	have	standardised	accident	investigation	
procedures, health and safety policies and 
procedures, reporting of performance including 
near-misses, and communications across  
the Group; and

•	

	we	have	established	global	forums	to	share	
best practice worldwide.

Results	for	the	2010	calendar	year
Following feedback on last year’s report, this  
year we rationalised the way we present data 
into two key measures, recordable incident rate 
and lost-time accident rate, in accordance with 
Occupational Safety & Health Administration 
(OSHA), the recognised global industry standard.  
In line with best practice and transparency we 
report here in normalised absolute numbers;  
and use our Group Safety Index, which we  
reported publicly in previous years, as an  
internal management tool.

Employee safety results

•	

•	

	Recordable	incident rate improved by 1%

	Lost-time	accident	rate	worsened	by	59%

The US Corn Refiners Association (CRA) safety 
statistics are an important measure for us. Our 
Sagamore plant won three CRA awards relating  
to employee safety this year. 

Contractor safety results 

•	

•	

	Recordable	incident rate worsened by 13%

	Lost-time	accident	rate	worsened	by	39%

Benchmarking results
We benchmark our safety performance against a 
recognised global leader in safety, DuPont. Whilst the 
recordable incident rate for employees was slightly 
above benchmark, the recordable incident rate for 
contractors was higher than benchmark. The lost-time
accident rates for both employees and contractors 
were also higher than benchmark. The lost-time 
accident rate and contractor performance continue  
to be a key area of focus for improvement.

Outlook
We are committed to implementing a world-class 
safety culture that delivers world-class safety 
performance. While we are disappointed with  
our performance in 2010, we have an agreed safety 
strategy and objectives plan for 2011 which was 
prepared following the results of the work undertaken 
by DuPont. Our global safety teams, employees and 
contractors are working together to implement  
actions to deliver this plan in 2011.

Safety performance

 While in practice we make no distinction between employee and contractor safety 
and we report combined rates in our Group key performance indicators on pages  
8 and 9, for regulatory reporting purposes we report on these groups separately.

Recordable incident rate
Number of injuries requiring treatment beyond 
first aid per 200,000 hours

Lost-time accident rate
Number of recordable injuries sufficiently serious 
to result in lost work days or restricted work 
activities per 200,000 hours

1.82

1.09

1.38

1.56

0.89

0.64

0.64

0.46

0.7

0.69

0.36

0.29

2008

2009

2010

2008

2009

2010

Employees
Contractors

Employees
Contractors

The smaller the number, the better the performance.  
Our target is zero for every Tate & Lyle operation.

The smaller the number, the better the performance.  
Our target is zero for every Tate & Lyle operation.

Tate & Lyle Annual Report 2011   27

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•	

	Reward: we have new structures for 
incentivising and rewarding employees, 
including a new performance-related Group 
bonus plan and a sales incentive scheme 
consistent across all our locations. Our 
remuneration policy for directors is explained  
on page 45.

•	

	Appraisal: we have harmonised our  
employee appraisal system across the Group, 
and are seeking to assess performance in a 
consistent way.

Diversity and inclusion
We believe in equal opportunities regardless  
of gender, sexual orientation, age, marital status, 
disability, race, religion or other beliefs and ethnic 
or national origin. Our policies, practices and 
regulations for recruitment, training and career 
development promote equality of opportunity 
while being appropriate for the relevant market 
sector and country of operation. Our aim is to 
encourage a culture in which all employees have 
the opportunity to develop fully according to their 
individual abilities and the needs of the Group.  
The Group remains committed to the fair treatment 
of people with disabilities regarding applications, 
training, promotion and career development.  
An employee who becomes disabled would,  
where appropriate, be offered retraining.

An important part of our cultural transformation 
is to become more globally diverse and inclusive, 
both in our internal talent pool and our range of 
potential recruits. We have established a diversity 
and inclusion council to embed this approach  
in our operations.

Health and wellbeing
We share best practice across the Company 
and work with healthcare partners to provide 
information, advice and support on health issues. 
Our programmes are developed in line with local 
needs and cultures.

Outlook
Our evolution into a global organisation  
demands a truly diverse workforce and this will 
be a key focus in our recruitment and retention 
policies. We will also be working to further embed 
our new performance management systems  
and processes across the Group.

Business review Corporate responsibility

Our people 

We aim to have good, ethical employment  
practices and standards across all our operations,  
in line with our Business Code of Conduct. Our 
policy is to reward our employees in order to  
attract, retain and motivate the right people. 
Financial remuneration is an important but by  
no means exclusive part of this.

Employee profile
At 31 March 2011, Tate & Lyle employed 4,111 
people across the Group. The decrease from 5,666 
employees is mostly due to the sale of our Sugars 
businesses. These figures exclude any remaining 
Sugars employees, including those in Vietnam, 
although they were still employed by us on  
31 March 2011.

Employees by business unit

Speciality Food
Ingredients
41%

Bulk Ingredients
59%

Employees by geography

North America
46%

Asia Pacific
5%

Latin America
15%

Europe, Middle East
and Africa
34%

2011:	the	journey	to	a	 
performance-related	culture
We have seen significant changes in our  
Company as we implement our new strategy.  
We support and engage with our employees  
on this journey in a number of ways.

•	

 Communication: in changing times,  
regular communication is more important  
than ever. With the emphasis on open,  
two-way discussion, we explore the issues 
involved in transforming the business through 
a wide range of channels and media, such as 
roadshows, workshops, conference calls and  
our refreshed staff magazine. These activities 
include our communication and support 
programme for employees directly affected by 
strategic change, namely the establishment of  
our new innovation centre in Chicago, USA  
and the establishment of a global Shared  
Services Centre in Łód ´z, Poland. 

28   Tate & Lyle Annual Report 2011

Environment

We seek to operate in a way that is as 
environmentally sustainable as practical, while 
working continually to reduce our environmental 
impact further. By using resources such as energy 
and water more efficiently, and reducing waste, we 
can also achieve reductions in operational costs 
per unit of production. Improving the Company’s 
environmental sustainability, therefore, is not only 
good for the environment but can also be beneficial 
financially. In recognition of this, we are working on 
including an environmental sustainability measure 
in the Group key performance indicators in next 
year’s report, while continuing to report on our 
existing environmental metrics in this CR section.

Overview of the year
Tate & Lyle’s environmental policy and standards 
apply to all our activities globally, and we aim to 
integrate environmental considerations into all 
major decisions. We focus on those aspects of our 
direct operations that have the greatest potential 
impact	on	the	environment,	these	comprise:	our	
energy use and consequent carbon footprint;  
our water use; and waste. 

2010 was an exceptional year for us in terms  
of environmental performance. Energy efficiency 
improved significantly, as projects to improve 
ethanol distillation and dehydration at Loudon, 
Tennessee, USA, and energy management at 
the Decatur, Illinois, USA and Loudon refineries, 
delivered their full benefits. As a result our  
carbon footprint decreased. Meanwhile our  
water efficiency increased and waste volume  
was reduced through targeted efficiencies.

Managing our environmental performance
During 2010 we took several measures to improve 
the management, oversight and reporting of 
environmental	performance,	including:

•	

•	

•	

	implementing	one	standard	environmental	audit	
programme across the Group;

	issuing	updated,	detailed	environmental	
reporting guidance, to ensure reporting on  
a standard and consistent basis; and

	commissioning	external	consultants	URS	Scott	
Wilson to review our processes for measuring 
our carbon footprint. This led to enhancements 
to our reporting methodology and tools for 
measuring our carbon footprint, in line with the 
relevant international reporting standards.

Results	for	the	2010	calendar	year
The data presented here outline the environmental 
performance of our global manufacturing facilities, 
including joint ventures where we have operational 
management control or influence. 

The graphs on page 30 show our progress.  
In	calendar	year	2010,	versus	2009:

•	

•	

•	

•	

	Energy use per tonne of production reduced 
by	9%, due to energy efficiency projects and 
improvements in plant utilisation

	Primary carbon footprint from manufacturing 
energy	use	reduced	by	10%	per	tonne	of	
production, resulting largely from these energy 
efficiency improvements 

	Water	use	reduced	by	5%	per	tonne	of	
production, due to water efficiency projects 
and improvements in plant utilisation

	Waste	reduced	by	4%	per	tonne	of	
production,	and	has	reduced	by	24%	 
since 2008, following a combination of  
waste reduction projects, production process 
changes at Loudon, USA, and improvements  
in plant utilisation.

Most of our operations globally complied with 
their environmental operating permit limits during 
2010. On the rare occasions that a site temporarily 
exceeded its limits, we took immediate action  
to correct the issue and prevent a recurrence.  
We expect all our operations to meet operating 
permit limits at all times and treat any 
contraventions seriously.

Outlook
Our newly-appointed VP Sustainability will  
provide strategic leadership of our work to further 
improve environmental performance, driving action 
plans that will build on our progress to date.  
These	plans	include:

•	

•	

•	

•	

	reducing	energy	and	water	usage	per	unit	of	
production, and minimising process waste, 
through a constant focus on efficient operation, 
supported where appropriate by capital 
investment;

	working	to	eliminate	any	incidence	of	 
non-compliance with environmental permits;

	continuing	to	evaluate	our	carbon	footprint;	and

	improving	engagement	with	colleagues	and	
external stakeholders on our environmental 
performance and other sustainability matters.

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Tate & Lyle Annual Report 2011   29

 
 
 
Business review Corporate responsibility

Environmental performance

Energy use
GJ per tonne production

Primary carbon footprint
Tonnes CO2 per tonne production

4.99

4.94

4.48

0.41

0.41

0.37

2008

2009

2010

2008

2009

2010

Water use
Cubic meters per tonne production

Waste
Tonnes per ‘000 tonnes production

4.68

4.65

4.43

9.57

7.57

7.23

2008

2009

2010

2008

2009

2010

The environmental data for the calendar years 2008, 2009 and 2010 presented in this Annual Report 2011 is not directly comparable to  
that provided in the Company’s annual report 2010 and previous reports due to changes to the Company’s structure and developments  
in the Company’s environmental reporting arrangements. Specifically, these differences are as follows: 

1. 

 Discontinued operations have been removed for 2008, 2009 and 2010.

2. 

 Inclusion of data from some additional joint ventures.

3. 

 Movement to normalised absolute reporting (i.e. performance per tonne of production volume).

30   Tate & Lyle Annual Report 2011

Community

We want to play a positive role in the  
communities in which we operate. Our policy  
is to build long-term relationships with local 
partners who directly address local needs, and 
who share our aims in establishing strong, safe and 
healthy communities. We chiefly do this through 
charitable donations and by supporting our 
employees’ participation in community activities. 

Overview of the year
In the past, our Sugars division played a key role  
in our overall community programme. The disposal 
of the Group’s EU Sugar Refining operations on 
30 September 2010 had no immediate impact 
on the recipients of the division’s community 
activities, as these activities were transferred 
with the business. However, there was an 
impact on the structure and focus of the Group’s 
overall community programme. We are therefore 
undertaking a comprehensive review of the Group’s 
community programme, and will report on the 
results of this review in the annual report 2012.

Charitable donations
Our Corporate Donations Committee oversees 
community policy throughout the world. It 
selects projects that target local needs and 
deliver the most positive impact, and ensures 
that our community work reflects our broader 
responsibilities as a company. Our guidelines  
for	funding	and	support	are:

•	

•	

•	

•	

	education	–	50%

	environment	–	25%

	health	–	15%

	arts	–	10%

In the financial year to 31 March 2011,  
Tate & Lyle’s total worldwide charitable donations 
were £346,000 (2010 – £714,000); this decrease 
is largely due to the sale of the Group’s EU Sugar 
Refining operations.

Actual community spend by allocation

We support many initiatives and organisations 
involved in community regeneration all round the 
world,	including:

Europe
•	

	Hungrana, Hungary: our joint venture 
business supported a local primary school by 
donating equipment and holding safety and 
environmental events.

•	

•	

	Amylum Bulgaria: our joint venture business 
supports local schools and runs other  
small-scale initiatives.

	Tate	&	Lyle,	The	Netherlands: we sponsor 
a windmill, an institute for visually impaired 
people and a holiday programme for disabled 
children. We also hold careers, historical and 
technical open days for the local community.

•	

	Amylum Nisasta, Turkey: every year our joint 
venture business supports the TEMA Soil/Tree 
Foundation with a local tree-planting day. 

USA
•	

	Lafayette: our two plants support the United 
Way of Lafayette regeneration organisation.

•	

	Decatur: we support agricultural shows, local 
organisations responsible for arts grants, 
and a range of education, community and 
regeneration projects. We also support the 
Associated Colleges of Illinois.

•	

	Loudon: our plant supports the United Way  
of Loudon regeneration organisation.

Asia
•	

	We	made	a	one-off	donation	for	the	victims	 
of the Japanese earthquake and tsunami.

Outlook
Following the sale of the Group’s EU Sugar 
Refining operations, we will undertake a 
comprehensive review of the nature, purpose and 
scope of our community programme everywhere 
we operate. We will assess policies, the nature of 
pro bono and cash contributions, and the selection 
of charities we support. Results will be included  
in our annual report 2012.

Arts
10%

Health
24%

Environment
26%

Education
40%

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Tate & Lyle Annual Report 2011   31

 
 
 
Governance Board of directors

Sir Peter Gershon
Chairman

Javed Ahmed
Chief Executive

Became Chairman in July 2009  
after joining the Board in February  
2009. Formerly Chief Executive of  
the Office of Government Commerce, 
Managing Director of Marconi  
Electronic Systems and a member  
of the GEC plc board. Currently 
Chairman of Premier Farnell plc, GHG 
Limited (General Healthcare Group) 
and Vertex Data Science Limited; and 
a member of the UK Government’s 
Efficiency Board, and the Advisory 
Board of the UK Defence Academy.  
Aged 64.

Joined the Group as Chief Executive  
in October 2009 from Reckitt  
Benckiser plc. Started his career  
with Procter & Gamble and then spent 
five years with Bain & Co. Joined 
Benckiser (later Reckitt Benckiser plc)  
in 1992. Subsequently held a number  
of senior positions, both in the UK  
and internationally, including Senior 
Vice President, Northern Europe; 
President, North America; Executive 
Vice President, North America,  
Australia and New Zealand; and 
Executive Vice President, Europe.  
Aged 51. 

Tim	Lodge 
Chief Financial Officer

Joined the Group in 1988 and  
joined the Board in December 2008 
as Group Finance Director. Has held 
a number of senior operational and 
financial roles, both in the UK and 
internationally, including Managing 
Director of Zambia Sugar; Group 
Financial Controller; Finance Director 
of the Food & Industrial Ingredients, 
Europe division; and Director  
of Investor Relations. He is a  
Fellow of the Chartered Institute of 
Management Accountants. In June 
2010 his title was changed to 
Chief Financial Officer.  
Aged 46.

Liz	Airey
Non-executive director

William Camp
Non-executive director

Evert Henkes
Non-executive director

Joined the Board in January 2007. 
Formerly Finance Director of  
Monument Oil and Gas plc. Currently 
Chairman of the JP Morgan European 
Smaller Companies Trust PLC and 
the Unilever UK Pension Fund; Senior 
Independent Director of Jupiter Fund 
Management plc; and a non-executive 
director of Dunedin Enterprise 
Investment Trust PLC.  
Aged 52.

Joined the Board in May 2010.  
Worked for 22 years for Archer  
Daniels Midland Company, before 
retiring in 2007, and held a variety 
of management positions including 
Executive Vice President, Asia Strategy; 
Executive Vice President, Processing; 
and Senior Vice President, Global  
Oil Seeds, Cocoa and Wheat Milling. 
Based in the USA and currently serves 
on the boards of Chiquita Brands 
International Inc, Grain Storage Inc  
and Oasis Foods Company.  
Aged 62.

Joined the Board in December 2003. 
Worked for Shell for 30 years before 
retiring in 2003 and held a number of 
senior management positions in Europe 
and Asia Pacific culminating in Chief 
Executive of Shell Chemicals in 1998. 
Currently a non-executive director 
of Outokumpu OYJ, Air Products 
and Chemicals Inc, and SembCorp 
Industries Ltd.  
Aged 67.

32   Tate & Lyle Annual Report 2011

 
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Douglas Hurt 
Non-executive director

Robert	Walker 
Senior Independent Director

Dr Barry Zoumas 
Non-executive director

Joined the Board in March 2010.  
A Chartered Accountant, he is  
currently Finance Director of IMI plc. 
Before joining IMI plc in 2006, he  
held a number of financial and 
operational roles, including US  
and European senior management 
positions at GlaxoSmithKline.  
Aged 54.

Joined the Board in January 2006. 
He spent over 30 years with Procter 
& Gamble, McKinsey and finally, 
PepsiCo, where he was responsible  
for the company’s beverage operations 
in Europe, the Middle East and 
Africa. He is currently Chairman of 
Travis Perkins PLC and Americana 
International Holdings Limited; he 
has also served on a number of FTSE 
100/250 boards, including WH Smith 
(Chairman), Wolseley, Severn Trent, 
BAA, Signet, and Thomson Travel. 
Aged 66.

Joined the Board in May 2005.  
Worked for Hershey Foods Corporation 
for 27 years before retiring in 1997 and  
held a number of positions, culminating 
as Corporate Vice President of Science 
and Technology. Based in the USA 
and currently the Alan R. Warehime 
Professor of Agribusiness and Professor 
of Food Science and Nutrition at Penn 
State University, USA and also Global 
Chairman of the International Life 
Sciences Institute.  
Aged 68. 

Committee membership  
as at 26 May 2011

Audit Committee
Liz Airey, Chairman 
Evert Henkes
Douglas Hurt

Remuneration	Committee
Evert Henkes, Chairman 
William Camp
Sir Peter Gershon
Robert Walker

Nominations 
Committee
Sir Peter Gershon, Chairman
Javed Ahmed 
Liz Airey
William Camp
Evert Henkes
Douglas Hurt
Robert Walker 
Dr Barry Zoumas

Corporate	Responsibility 
Committee
Sir Peter Gershon, Chairman
Liz Airey
William Camp
Dr Barry Zoumas

Robert	Gibber 
Executive Vice President, 
Company Secretary  
and General Counsel

A solicitor, Robert joined Tate & Lyle  
in 1990 as a commercial lawyer. 
Previously worked for City law firms 
Wilde Sapte and Herbert Oppenheimer. 
Graduated from Wadham College, 
Oxford in Oriental Studies (Chinese) in 
1984. Appointed General Counsel in 
1997 and Company Secretary in 2001. 
Aged 48.

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Tate & Lyle Annual Report 2011   33

 
 
 
Governance Executive management

The Group Executive Committee oversees the development  
and execution of the Group’s strategy, and has overall responsibility  
for achieving business results. 

The biographies for Javed Ahmed, Tim Lodge  
and Robert Gibber are on pages 32 and 33.

Olivier	Rigaud
President, Speciality Food Ingredients 

Karl Kramer
President, Innovation and  
Commercial Development 

Joined Tate & Lyle in April 2008, became 
President, Sucralose in June 2008 and was 
appointed President, Innovation and Commercial 
Development in June 2010. A graduate of  
Chemical Engineering from the New Jersey 
Institute of Technology, Karl also holds an MBA 
from the New York University Stern School of 
Business. Began his career in R&D at General 
Foods and then worked in brand management 
for Nestlé, and in international sales for the 
NutraSweet Kelco Division of Monsanto.  
Before joining Tate & Lyle, Karl held various 
international general management roles in  
the flavour division of Givaudan.

Rob	Luijten
Executive Vice President, Human Resources

Joined Tate & Lyle in February 2010 and was 
appointed Executive Vice President, Human 
Resources in June 2010. Holds a Masters 
degree in Human Resource Studies from Tilburg 
University and began his career with Inamed 
Corporation before spending ten years with 
GE Plastics where he held a number of senior 
human resources roles in both Europe and Asia, 
including five years based in Shanghai as Human 
Resources Director, Asia Pacific. Subsequently 
joined BG Group PLC where he was Human 
Resources Director, Africa, Middle East  
and Asia until 2009.

Joined Tate & Lyle (Amylum business) in  
1988 as a sales manager in France. A chemistry 
graduate from Aix-Marseille University, he has 
held various management positions within 
Tate & Lyle, including in industrial products, liquid 
sweeteners and alcohol sales. In 2000, Olivier 
became Vice President Food Ingredients, Europe 
and was appointed President, Food & Industrial 
Ingredients, Europe in 2008. He was appointed 
President, Speciality Food Ingredients in  
June 2010.

Matt Wineinger
President, Bulk Ingredients 

Joined Tate & Lyle in March 2008, became 
President, Food & Industrial Ingredients, 
Americas in July 2008 and was appointed 
President, Bulk Ingredients in June 2010. A 
graduate of Kansas State University, Matt started 
his career in the Food Products Division at 
Procter & Gamble and then worked in a variety 
of roles for Monsanto and later Cargill, where 
he became President of Sales, Marketing and 
Research & Development in 2002 for its Meat 
Solutions platform. Subsequently joined Swift 
and Co, where he was President of its Australian 
Meat Holdings division until 2007.

Javed Ahmed 
Chief Executive

Matt Wineinger 
President,  
Bulk Ingredients

Olivier	Rigaud
President, 
Speciality Food 
Ingredients

Karl Kramer 
President, 
Innovation and 
Commercial 
Development

Tim	Lodge
Chief Financial 
Officer

Rob	Luijten
Executive Vice 
President,  
Human Resources

Robert	Gibber	
Executive Vice 
President, 
Company 
Secretary and 
General Counsel

34   Tate & Lyle Annual Report 2011

Governance Corporate governance

 With the ongoing evolution of best practice in UK corporate 

governance, the Board continues to work hard to ensure it keeps up to 
date with these changes. We value our reputation as a well-run company 
and will continue to commit significant effort to maintaining it. 

Board effectiveness review
In light of the significant changes to the Board  
and Group over the previous 18 months, and  
the length of time that had elapsed since the last 
external Board effectiveness review (conducted 
in 2008) the Board agreed that the 2011 review 
should be externally facilitated. Details of this 
review are on page 38.

Developments in corporate governance
We continued to monitor the changes to the 
corporate governance landscape. Following the 
publication of the new UK Corporate Governance 
Code, which applies to Tate & Lyle from 1 April 
2011, all directors will be standing for re-election 
at the forthcoming AGM. We also reviewed and 
updated the schedule outlining the role and 
responsibilities of the Chairman, Chief Executive 
and Senior Independent Director during the year  
to bring it into line with evolving best practice.

Looking ahead, we will continue to develop  
our processes, procedures and systems as  
both Tate & Lyle and our wider governance 
environment evolve.

Sir Peter Gershon 
Chairman

26 May 2011

Statement from the Chairman

As Chairman I am responsible for ensuring  
that the Board operates effectively. During  
the year, we undertook a number of actions to 
enhance further the governance structure and 
thereby improve the Board’s effectiveness.  
These	included:

Establishment of a Corporate  
Responsibility	Committee
In light of the output from the 2010 Board 
Effectiveness review, the Board established a 
Corporate Responsibility (CR) Committee with 
effect from 1 July 2010. The CR Committee is 
responsible for reviewing and monitoring the 
processes and measures used to manage social, 
environmental and ethical risks. During the year, 
this new Committee reviewed a number of issues 
including the Group’s safety performance, product 
quality processes, environmental performance  
and diversity and inclusion initiatives. Further  
detail is provided on page 42.

Use	of	non-executive	directors’	time	
We also undertook a comprehensive review of  
the Board and Committees’ programmes and use 
of non-executive directors’ time. In the past, all  
non-executive directors generally served on 
each Board Committee. Following the review, the 
directors agreed that all non-executive directors 
would serve on the Nominations Committee 
and at least one other Committee. Details of the 
current Committee memberships are on page 33. 
In addition, we restructured the Board agenda 
to facilitate greater discussion and reduced the 
number of scheduled Board meetings from eight  
to six per annum, although we recognised that, as  
a result, the scheduled meetings would have to  
be longer and that we would need to meet on an  
ad hoc basis more frequently than in the past. 

We also established an annual programme of 
independent site visits whereby each non-executive 
director undertakes at least one ‘solo’ site visit a 
year, in addition to the Group Board visit. This will 
increase both Board visibility across the Group and 
also the non-executive directors’ understanding 
of our operations. Between us, the non-executive 
directors and I have visited a total of 12 sites  
during the year.

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Tate & Lyle Annual Report 2011   35

 
 
 
Governance Corporate governance

Compliance with the Combined Code
Throughout the period 1 April 2010 to 31 March 
2011 the Company has been in full compliance 
with the June 2008 issue of the Combined Code 
on Corporate Governance (the Code), published 
by the Financial Reporting Council and available 
on its website www.frc.org.uk. 

Other responsibilities are delegated to Board 
Committees, details of which are given on pages 
40 to 44. The directors’ responsibilities for the 
preparation of financial statements are explained 
in the Directors’ statement of responsibilities on 
page 59 and their statement on going concern  
on page 25.

This report, together with the Directors’ 
remuneration report and the disclosures contained 
in the risk management section on pages 19 to 21, 
provide details of how the Company applies the 
principles and complies with the provisions of  
the Code.

Board of directors
The Board is collectively responsible for promoting 
the success of the Company and for providing 
entrepreneurial leadership within a framework of 
prudent and effective controls that enable risk to 
be assessed and managed. It sets the Company’s 
objectives, ensures that the Company has the 
necessary financial resources and people to meet 
them, and reviews management performance. 
The Board also sets the Company’s values and 
standards and ensures that its obligations to 
shareholders and others are met.

Matters reserved to the Board

The schedule of matters reserved to the  
Board	for	decision	includes	approval	of:

•	

•	

•	

•	

•	

•	

•	

•	

•	

•	

	Group	strategy;	

	annual	budget	and	operating	plans;	

	major	capital	expenditure,	acquisitions	 
or divestments; 

	dividends;

	full-year	and	half-year	results	and	interim	
management statements; 

	Board	and	Company	Secretary	
appointments; 

	senior	management	structure	and	
responsibilities;

	treasury	policies;	

	directors’	conflicts	of	interest;	and

	systems	of	internal	control	and	risk	
management.

Board balance and independence
At the date of this report, the Board comprises 
nine	directors:	the	Chairman,	who	has	no	
executive responsibilities; two executive 
directors; and six non-executive directors.  
The names and biographies of the directors  
are on pages 32 to 33.

Richard Delbridge ceased to be a director on 
22 July 2010 and Robert Walker succeeded  
him as Senior Independent Director on the  
same day. William Camp was appointed  
a non-executive director with effect from  
1 May 2010.

With the exception of the Chairman,  
who is presumed under the Code not to be 
independent, the Board considers all the non-
executive directors to be independent. The  
Senior Independent Director, Robert Walker,  
is available to shareholders if they have any 
issues or concerns, and leads the annual  
review of the Chairman’s performance. 

The non-executive directors have a wide  
range of skills and knowledge and combine 
broad business and commercial experience  
with independent and objective judgement.  
The terms and conditions of appointment of  
the non-executive directors can be inspected  
at the Company’s registered office and will  
be available for inspection at the Annual  
General Meeting (AGM).

Chairman and Chief Executive
The roles of the Chairman and Chief Executive 
are separated and their responsibilities are 
clearly established, set out in writing and agreed 
by the Board. The Chairman is responsible 
for the leadership and workings of the Board 
and ensuring its effectiveness, while the Chief 
Executive is responsible for running the business 
and implementing strategy and policy.

The other significant commitments of the 
Chairman, Sir Peter Gershon, are set out on page 
32. The Board is satisfied that they do not restrict 
him from effectively carrying out his duties  
as Chairman.

Board meetings
A total of 13 Board meetings were held during 
the year ended 31 March 2011; one of the six 
scheduled Board meetings was held at the 
Group’s offices in Lafayette, Indiana, USA. The 
seven ad hoc meetings were required to consider 
the development and implementation of the 
Group’s strategy and business disposals. 

36   Tate & Lyle Annual Report 2011

Directors’ attendance at Board meetings

Directors as at 31 March 2011

Sir Peter Gershon
Javed Ahmed
Tim Lodge
Liz Airey
William Camp1
Evert Henkes
Douglas Hurt2
Robert Walker
Dr Barry Zoumas

Former directors
Richard Delbridge3

Number of 
meetings 

Number of 
meetings 
attended

13
13
13
13
11
13
13
13
13

7

13
13
12
13
11
10
9
13
13

6

1  Appointed 1 May 2010.

2 

 Douglas Hurt is Finance Director at IMI plc. Prior to his 
appointment to the Tate & Lyle Board on 10 March 2010, he 
indicated that he would be unable to attend a total of four 
scheduled meetings due to pre-existing commitments.  
Douglas Hurt submitted detailed comments and questions  
to the Chairman prior to each meeting that he was unable  
to attend to ensure his views and comments could be 
communicated in his absence.

3  

 Retired 22 July 2010.

Where a director is unable to attend a meeting, his 
or her comments on the briefing papers are given 
in advance to the relevant Chairman. 

The rolling programme of items for discussion by 
the Board was fully reviewed and revised during 
the year in light of changes to the Board schedule 
and Committee structure. Meetings have been 
restructured to facilitate further open discussion, 
and all directors participate in discussing strategy, 
trading, safety, financial performance and risk 
management.

All substantive agenda items have comprehensive 
briefing papers circulated five working days  
before the meeting. Members of executive 
management attend Board meetings and make 
presentations regularly. 

During the year, the Chairman continued to hold a 
short discussion with the non-executive directors 
collectively both immediately before and after each 
scheduled Board meeting.

Board allocation of time
The chart below shows the approximate time the 
Board has spent discussing agenda items during 
the year, separated into broad categories.

Governance
18%

Operations
12%

Finance/risk
33%

Strategy
34%

Capital expenditure 
and investment
3%

Board support
All directors have access to the advice and services 
of the Company Secretary, Robert Gibber, who is 
also the General Counsel and a member of the Group 
Executive Committee. The Company Secretary and 
the Deputy Company Secretary are responsible for 
ensuring that Board processes are followed and 
that applicable rules and regulations are complied 
with. The appointment and removal of the Company 
Secretary is a matter for the Board as a whole. 
There is also a formal procedure whereby, in the 
furtherance of their duties, directors can obtain 
independent professional advice, if necessary,  
at the Company’s expense. 

Directors’ conflicts of interest
As permitted under the Companies Act 2006, the 
Company’s Articles of Association allow directors 
to authorise conflicts of interest and the Board has 
a policy and procedures for managing and, where 
appropriate, authorising, actual or potential conflicts 
of interest. Under those procedures, directors 
are required to declare all directorships or other 
appointments to organisations that are not part of the 
Group and which could result in actual or potential 
conflicts of interest, as well as other situations which 
could result in a potential conflict of interest. 

The Board is required to review directors’ actual 
or potential conflicts of interest at least annually. 
Directors are required to disclose proposed new 
appointments to the Chairman before taking them 
on, to ensure that any potential conflicts of interest 
can be identified and addressed appropriately.  
Any potential conflicts of interest in relation to 
proposed directors are considered by the Board  
prior to their appointment.

Information, induction and professional 
development
The Chairman, assisted by the Company Secretary, 
is responsible for ensuring that the directors receive 
accurate, timely and clear information on all  
relevant matters. 

On appointment to the Board, new directors receive 
background reading about the Group and details 
of Board procedures and other governance related 
matters. In addition, the directors participate in a 
comprehensive induction programme, including  
site visits to the Group’s operations in Europe and  
the USA and meetings with senior management 
across the Group.

Directors receive ongoing training and updates on 
relevant issues as appropriate, taking into account 
their individual qualifications and experience. A 
number of training sessions were held during the 
year. These included a session on the UK Bribery 
Act, provided jointly by the Group’s internal and 
external lawyers, and one on food technology which 
was provided by members of the faculty at Purdue 
University, Lafayette, Indiana, USA. 

The Company Secretary helps directors undertake 
any other professional development they consider 
necessary to assist them in carrying out their duties. 
Visits to external events or organisations are also 
arranged for the Board to help non-executive 
directors in particular to gain a deeper insight  
into the Group’s operating environment.

Tate & Lyle Annual Report 2011   37

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Governance Corporate governance

Performance evaluation
A review of the Board’s effectiveness is  
undertaken each year. The main outcomes of the 
2010 evaluation, which was led by the Chairman, 
are	summarised	below:

Recommendation

Action

More specialist 
presentations and 
training sessions to be 
included in the Board 
agenda.

More opportunity to 
interact with a broader 
range of employees.

A Corporate 
Responsibility 
Committee should be 
established. 

The directors received  
detailed presentations during  
the year and also training  
on areas including food 
technology and the UK  
Bribery Act.

A programme of independent 
site visits was implemented 
during the year which enables 
the directors to meet more 
employees around the Group.

The CR Committee was 
established on 1 July 2010 
and met for the first time in 
September 2010. Details on 
the Committee are on page 42.

The Board agreed that the 2011 Board 
effectiveness review be externally facilitated. 
As part of the process, Sheena Crane, a Board 
specialist consultant, held one-to-one meetings 
with each director, the Company Secretary and 
Deputy Company Secretary. The main themes of 
and observations on the Board’s effectiveness 
were summarised in a report to the Board. It 
concluded that the Board continued to operate 
in an effective manner but made a number of 
recommendations for improvements including 
those recommendations summarised below. 
Progress on agreed actions is being monitored  
by the Company Secretary and will be reported  
in the annual report 2012.

Recommendation

Action

In light of the changes to 
the Company’s strategic 
focus, future Board 
composition should be 
subject to a detailed 
review during 2011. 

The review is underway and  
the output from that review  
will be reported in the annual  
report 2012.

A Board diversity 
strategy should be 
developed.

The Chairman is leading the 
project to develop the Board 
diversity strategy during 2011.

Personal development 
plans should be 
developed for each of the 
non-executive directors 
and the Chairman.

Personal development plans  
are being established. 

It would be useful for the 
Board to have a series 
of ‘deep dive’ sessions 
every year.

Deep dive topics are  
being identified and will  
be included in the  
Board agenda. 

With regard to the performance of individual 
directors, the review concluded that all directors 
continue to make an effective contribution to the 
Board’s work, are well prepared and informed 
about issues they need to consider, and that their 
commitment remains strong. Individual feedback 
was also provided to each director. 

The Board effectiveness review also included a 
review of the Audit, Nominations and Remuneration 
Committees and each Committee undertook an 
evaluation of its own work and effectiveness during 
the year. The results of the reviews were discussed 
by the Board which concluded that each Committee 
operated effectively throughout the year. The CR 
Committee will be subject to an effectiveness review 
in the 2012 financial year, after its first full year  
of operation.

During the year, the non-executive directors met 
without the Chairman, under the chairmanship of 
the Senior Independent Director, to appraise the 
Chairman’s performance (the Senior Independent 
Director having first sought the views of the 
executive directors). In addition, the Chairman held 
a private meeting with the non-executive directors 
to appraise the Chief Executive’s performance.

Shareholder communications
The Chief Executive, Chief Financial Officer and 
VP – Investor and Media Relations maintain a 
regular programme of visits and presentations 
to major institutional shareholders both in the 
UK and overseas. The Chairman and Senior 
Independent Director participate in this programme 
as appropriate and the Chairman provides feedback 
to the Board on any matters raised with him by 
major shareholders. The Chairman also undertook 
separate visits to major institutional shareholders 
during the year.

The Investor Relations department provides the 
Board with a report on any meetings with major 
institutional shareholders at each scheduled Board 
meeting. All directors receive copies of analysts’ 
reports on the Company and the Board is briefed 
periodically by the Company’s financial advisers on 
investors’ perceptions of Tate & Lyle and its investor 
relations activities. The non-executive directors are 
encouraged to attend the full-year and half-year 
results presentations.

The Company aims to present a balanced and clear 
assessment in all its public reports as well as in 
those to regulators. Key announcements, financial 
reports and other information about the Group  
can be found on the Company’s website at  
www.tateandlyle.com.

Annual General Meeting (AGM)
The 2011 AGM will be held at the Queen Elizabeth II 
Conference Centre in London, on Thursday 28 July 
2011 at 11.00 am. Full details are set out in the 
Notice of Meeting.

Shareholders who attend the AGM have the 
opportunity to put questions to the Board on 
matters relating to the Group’s operations and 
performance. All resolutions are decided by means 
of a poll and the votes received in respect of each 
resolution, together with the level of abstentions, 
are notified to the London Stock Exchange and 
published on the Company’s website. Shareholders 
are offered the choice of receiving shareholder 
documentation, including the annual report, 
electronically or in paper format as well as the 
choice of submitting proxy votes either  
electronically or by post.

38   Tate & Lyle Annual Report 2011

 
 
Internal control
The Board has overall responsibility for the  
Group’s system of internal control, which is 
designed to safeguard the assets of the Group  
and to ensure the reliability of financial information 
for both internal use and external publication and 
to comply with the Turnbull Committee guidance. 
The schedule of matters reserved to the Board 
ensures that the directors control, among other 
matters, all significant strategic, financial and 
organisational issues.

Responsibilities
The Board delegates to executive management 
the responsibility for designing, operating and 
monitoring both the system and the maintenance 
of effective internal control. Procedures are in 
place for identifying, evaluating and managing 
any significant risks that face the Group. These 
procedures are designed to manage rather than 
eliminate risk, and can provide only reasonable and 
not absolute assurance against material errors, 
losses, fraud or breaches of laws or regulations. 
Mandatory written policies and procedural 
manuals exist for all businesses, compliance with 
which is reviewed by the Board annually. These 
internal control procedures provide that all major 
projects require technical, financial and Board 
approval, while all capital expenditure within each 
project requires senior management approval at 
appropriate stages. Adherence to internal control 
procedures is ensured by a regular reporting 
system that details both technical progress of 
projects and the Group’s financial affairs. All 
material joint ventures follow the Group’s formal 
systems of internal control, and their internal 
control procedures are regularly reviewed by  
the Group’s internal audit function. 

Risk assessment and evaluation form an integral 
part of the annual planning process. Each business 
division documents its strategic objectives and the 
significant risks in achieving them. The divisions 
report regularly on progress towards fulfilment, 
whilst the key risks are reviewed regularly by 
the Board. There is a comprehensive budgeting 
and planning system for all items of expenditure 
with an annual budget approved by the Board. 
Results are reported against budget on a monthly 
basis, with significant variances investigated and 
the Chief Executive and Chief Financial Officer 
undertake regular financial and operational reviews 
of the business divisions. Revised forecasts for the 
financial year and financial projections for future 
years are prepared on a regular basis.

Financial reporting
The Company has in place internal control  
and risk management systems in relation to the 
Company’s financial reporting process and the 
Group’s process for preparation of consolidated 
accounts. They include policies and procedures 
which	provide:

•	

	that	transactions	and	disposals	of	assets	 
are accurately and fairly reflected;

•	

•	

	reasonable	assurance	that	transactions	are	
recorded as necessary to permit the preparation 
of financial statements in accordance with 
International Financial Reporting Standards;

	assurance	that	representatives	of	the	
businesses have certified that their reported 
information provides a true and fair view of the 
state of the financial affairs of the business and 
its results for the period; and

•	

	that	reported	data	has	been	reviewed	and	
reconciled.

Monitoring effectiveness
The Board receives reports from the Chief 
Executive, Chief Financial Officer, business  
division presidents and other senior executives 
to enable it to assess on an ongoing basis the 
effectiveness of the systems of internal control 
and risk management. The Audit Committee 
periodically reviews the effectiveness of the system 
of internal control through reports from the internal 
audit function. The internal audit function follows  
a planned programme of reviews that are aligned  
to the risks existing in the Group’s businesses.  
It has the authority to review any relevant aspect  
of the business and a duty to report on any  
material weaknesses.

2011 review of effectiveness
The Board, with the assistance of the Audit 
Committee and Corporate Responsibility 
Committee, conducted an assessment of the 
effectiveness of the systems of risk management 
and internal control during the financial year and  
up to the date of this annual report. The review,  
co-ordinated by the internal audit function, 
included a Group-wide certification that 
appropriate internal controls were in place to 
facilitate the Board’s review of effectiveness. 

The internal audit function monitored and 
selectively checked the results of this exercise, 
ensuring that the representations made were 
consistent with the results of its work during the 
year. Where weaknesses have been identified, 
remedial action plans were also reported. The 
results of this exercise were summarised for 
the Audit Committee, Corporate Responsibility 
Committee and the Board.

This assessment is carried out every year. In 
the event that any significant losses were to be 
incurred during any particular year as a result of 
a failure of controls, a detailed analysis would 
be provided to the Audit Committee, Corporate 
Responsibility Committee (if appropriate),  
and the Board. 

The Board confirms that no significant weaknesses 
were identified in relation to the review conducted 
during the year and accordingly no remedial  
action is required.

Further information on risk is on pages 19 to 21.

Tate & Lyle Annual Report 2011   39

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Governance Corporate governance

Audit Committee

The Audit Committee currently comprises three 
non-executive directors, and oversees the Group’s 
financial reporting and internal controls and 
provides a formal reporting link with the external 
auditors. Its terms of reference, which are reviewed 
annually by the Board, are available on the 
Company’s website, www.tateandlyle.com.

The Committee met six times during the year. 
Membership of the Committee and attendance 
during	the	year	were	as	follows:

Number of 
meetings 

Number of 
meetings 
attended

6
6
6

3
2
2

6
5
5

3
2
2

Directors as at 31 March 2011

Liz Airey (Chairman of  
the Committee)

Evert Henkes
Douglas Hurt

Former members
Richard Delbridge1
Robert Walker2
Dr Barry Zoumas2

1  Retired 22 July 2010.

2  Until 30 June 2010.

All the Committee members have extensive 
management experience in large international 
organisations. It is a requirement of the Code 
that at least one Committee member has recent 
and relevant financial experience; Liz Airey, an 
investment banker and former finance director  
of Monument Oil and Gas plc, and Douglas  
Hurt, Finance Director at IMI plc, both meet  
this requirement. 

The Chief Financial Officer, VP – Group Audit 
and Assurance, VP – Group Financial Controller 
and representatives of the external auditors are 
normally invited to attend each meeting of the 
Committee. The Chairman of the Board and Chief 
Executive also attend meetings of the Committee 
by invitation. 

The minutes of each meeting are circulated to 
the Board. The VP – Group Audit and Assurance 
and the external auditors have direct access to, 
and meet regularly with, the Chairman of the 
Committee outside formal Committee meetings.

The Committee maintains a formal calendar of 
items for consideration at each meeting and within 
the annual audit cycle to ensure that its work is in 
line with the requirements of the Code.

Main responsibilities of the  
Audit Committee

The main responsibilities of the  
Committee	include:

•	

•	

•	

•	

•	

•	

•	

	overseeing	the	Group’s	financial	reporting	
process and monitoring the integrity 
of the financial statements and formal 
announcements relating to the Group’s 
financial performance; 

	reviewing	significant	financial	reporting	
issues and accounting policies and 
disclosures in financial reports; 

	reviewing	the	effectiveness	of	the	Group’s	
internal control procedures and risk 
management systems; 

	reviewing	the	effectiveness	of	the	internal	
audit function; 

	overseeing	the	Board’s	relationship	with	the	
external auditors; 

	reviewing	and	monitoring	the	external	
auditors’ independence and objectivity and  
the effectiveness of the audit process; and

	making	recommendations	to	the	Board	on	 
the appointment or re-appointment of the 
Group’s external auditors.

Independence of the external auditors
The Group’s external auditors are 
PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP (PwC) and the 
Committee operates a policy to safeguard the 
objectivity and independence of the external 
auditors. This policy sets out certain disclosure 
requirements by the external auditors to the 
Committee; restrictions on the employment of 
the external auditors’ former employees; partner 
rotation; and procedures for the approval of non-
audit related services provided by the external 
auditors. During the year, the Committee reviewed 
the processes that the external auditors have 
in place to safeguard their independence and 
received a letter from them confirming that, in  
their opinion, they remained independent.

The Committee closely monitors the level of audit 
and non-audit related services they provide to the 
Group. Non-audit related services are normally 
limited to assignments that are closely related to 
the annual audit or where the work is of such a 
nature that a detailed understanding of the Group 
is necessary. A policy for the engagement of the 
external auditors to supply non-audit related 
services has been implemented to formalise these 
arrangements which requires Audit Committee 
approval for certain categories of work and 
fee levels. A breakdown of the fees paid to the 
external auditors in respect of audit and non-audit 
related work is included in Note 8 of the financial 
statements. Having undertaken a review of the 
non-audit related services provided during the  
year, the Committee is satisfied that these  
services did not prejudice the external  
auditors’ independence. 

40   Tate & Lyle Annual Report 2011

 
   
 
 
 
Work undertaken during the year
During the year and up to the date of this 
annual report, the work undertaken by the Audit 
Committee	included:

Consideration and review of full-year and 
half-year results and interim management 
statements
•	

	meeting	prior	to	the	Board	meetings	at	which	
the annual report and financial statements, 
the half-year report and interim management 
statements were approved to review significant 
accounting policies, financial reporting issues 
and judgements and reports from the  
external auditors.

External audit
•	

	reviewing	the	effectiveness	of	the	external	audit	
process, the external auditors’ strategy and 
plan for the half-year review and full-year audit, 
and the qualifications, expertise, resources and 
independence of the external auditors; 

•	

•	

•	

•	

	agreeing	the	terms	of	engagement	and	fees	 
of the external auditors for the audit; 

	reviewing	the	policy	on	auditor	independence	
and the basis of the provision of non-audit 
related services by the external auditors; 

	meeting	with	representatives	of	the	external	
auditors in the USA (while on a scheduled site 
visit); and

	undertaking	a	review	of	the	effectiveness	of	 
the external auditors.

Risk management framework and  
internal audit
•	

		receiving	and	considering	regular	reports	from	
the VP – Group Audit and Assurance on the 
Group’s risk management system, findings from 
reviews of internal financial controls, and the 
remit, organisation, annual plan and resources 
of the internal audit function; 

•	

•	

	reviewing	the	strength	of	the	internal	controls	
framework and considering the annual review  
of internal controls on behalf of the Board; and

	undertaking	a	detailed	review	of	the	governance	
and controls in place within the business 
processes transformation programme.

Terms of reference and Audit  
Committee effectiveness
•	

	updating	its	terms	of	reference	to	reflect	
evolving best practice and the implications 
of the new Committee structure, whereby 
responsibility for certain items, including the 
whistleblowing process, are passed to the  
CR Committee. The Board approved the 
updated terms of reference; and

•	

	undertaking	an	effectiveness	review	which	
concluded that the Committee was considered 
to be operating effectively.

Review of the effectiveness of the  
external auditors
•	

		conducting	an	internal	review	of	the	external	
auditors in the year which concluded that the 
external audit process was operating effectively 
and PwC continued to provide a good service 
to Tate & Lyle. The Committee agreed that  
there was no need to undertake a tender  
for the audit;

•	

•	

	reviewing	the	fees	paid	to	other	audit	firms	
for services during the year ended 31 March 
2011 and noting that there were no contractual 
obligations that would restrict the Committee’s 
choice of external auditors should it decide that 
any change was appropriate; and

	recommending	to	the	Board	that	PwC	continue	
to act as auditors to the Group. PwC have 
indicated their willingness to continue in office, 
and a resolution that they be re-appointed will 
be proposed at the AGM.

Review of the effectiveness of the internal  
audit function
•	

	undertaking	a	review	of	the	effectiveness	of	the	
internal audit function. The review concluded 
that the internal audit function continued 
to strengthen and was making a significant 
contribution to the internal governance of the 
Group. Further development will be necessary 
to ensure that the internal audit function 
continues to meet the Group’s needs which will 
evolve with the implementation of the Group’s 
strategy. In addition, some opportunities 
to improve processes and practices were 
identified and are being implemented.

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Tate & Lyle Annual Report 2011   41

 
 
 
Governance Corporate governance

Corporate	Responsibility	
Committee 

The Corporate Responsibility (CR) Committee  
was established with effect from 1 July 2010, 
in light of the conclusions of the 2010 Board 
effectiveness review (a summary of which is on 
page 38) to provide greater oversight on key areas 
of corporate responsibility. The CR Committee 
currently comprises the Chairman of the Company 
and three non-executive directors. Its terms of 
reference are available on the Company’s  
website, www.tateandlyle.com.

The Committee met three times during the 
year. Membership of the Committee and their 
attendance	during	the	year	were	as	follows:

Work undertaken during the year
During the year and up to the date of this annual 
report, the work undertaken by the CR Committee 
included:

Safety
•	

	reviewing	the	output	of	the	external	review	
of the Group’s safety performance and the 
resultant action plan, and monitoring its 
implementation.

Product safety
•	

	undertaking	a	review	of	the	quality	assurance	
processes within the Group.

Diversity and inclusion
•	

	reviewing	the	Group’s	approach	to	diversity	and	
inclusion, along with initiatives put in place by 
management.

Directors as at 31 March 2011

Sir Peter Gershon (Chairman  
of the Committee)
Liz Airey
William Camp
Dr Barry Zoumas 

Number of 
meetings

Number of 
meetings 
attended

Environment
•	

	reviewing	the	actions	being	undertaken	to	
improve the Group’s performance further.

3
3
3
3

The Committee also undertook the annual 
review of internal controls in relation to the above 
areas. Further information on the work of the 
Committee and the Group’s approach to corporate 
responsibility reporting is contained in the 
Corporate responsibility report on pages 26 to 31.

3
3
2
3

The Committee has established a formal calendar 
of items for consideration at each meeting and 
will meet at least four times each full year. The 
minutes of each meeting are circulated to the 
Board. The Chief Executive, Executive VP – Human 
Resources, VP – Group Audit and Assurance and 
other members of the senior management team (as 
invited by the Committee) usually attend meetings. 

Main responsibilities of the  
Corporate	Responsibility	Committee

The main responsibilities of the  
Committee	include:
•	

•	

•	

•	

•	

•	

•	

	monitoring	the	Group’s	overall	approach	to	
corporate responsibility and ensuring it is  
in alignment with the Group strategy;
	approving,	or	where	appropriate	
recommending to the Board for approval, 
CR policies;
	reviewing	the	effectiveness	of	the	 
Group’s policies and procedures relating  
to the provision of a safe environment;
	reviewing	the	implementation	of	appropriate	
environmental policies;
	monitoring	the	effectiveness	of	workplace	
policies concerning employee relations, 
equal opportunities, travel, entertainment 
and conflicts of interest; 
	reviewing	the	arrangements	by	which	
employees may, in confidence, raise 
concerns about possible improprieties  
in matters of financial reporting,  
financial control or other matters 
(whistleblowing); and
	satisfying	itself	that	the	Group	has	
appropriate policies, systems and controls 
in place in respect of the risks falling within 
the Committee’s remit.

Nominations Committee 

The Nominations Committee currently comprises 
the Chairman of the Company, the Chief Executive 
and all of the non-executive directors. Its terms 
of reference, which are reviewed annually by the 
Board, are available on the Company’s website, 
www.tateandlyle.com.

The Committee met four times during the 
year. Membership of the Committee and their 
attendance	during	the	year	were	as	follows:

Number of 
meetings

Number of 
meetings 
attended

Directors as at 31 March 2011

Sir Peter Gershon (Chairman of 
the Committee1)
Javed Ahmed
Liz Airey
William Camp2
Evert Henkes
Douglas Hurt
Robert Walker
Dr Barry Zoumas

Former directors
Richard Delbridge3

4

4
4
4
4
4
4
4

1

4

4
4
4
4
2
4
4

1

1 

 Except when the Committee is dealing with the appointment 
of a successor to the Chairman, when the Senior Independent 
Director chairs the Committee.

2  Appointed 1 May 2010.

3  Retired 22 July 2010.

The Committee has a formal calendar of items for 
consideration at each meeting and meets at least 
twice a year.

42   Tate & Lyle Annual Report 2011

 
 
 
 
Main responsibilities of the  
Nominations Committee

The main responsibilities of the  
Committee	include:
•	

	reviewing	the	size	and	composition	of	the	
Board, including succession planning, and  
the leadership needs of the Group generally; 

•	

•	

•	

	recommending	candidates	for	appointment	 
as executive and non-executive directors 
and as Company Secretary, taking into 
account the balance of the Board and the 
required blend of skills and experience, 
bearing in mind the need for diversity; 

	making	recommendations	on	the	processes	 
for the appointment of the Chairman of the 
Board; and

	reviewing	annually	the	performance	of	each	
member of the Group Executive Committee  
and reporting on that review to the 
Remuneration Committee.

Work undertaken during the year
During the year and up to the date of this annual 
report, the work undertaken by the Nominations 
Committee	included:

Board composition
•	

	reviewing	the	successional	needs	of	the	
Board on a regular basis during the year. 
No additional non-executive directors were 
recruited during the year. William Camp, 
who joined the Board on 1 May 2010, was 
recruited during the financial year ended 
31 March 2010 and details of the recruitment 
process were disclosed in the annual  
report 2010.

Committee membership
•	

	reviewing	the	membership	of	all	Board	
Committees following the Board’s decision 
to establish a Corporate Responsibility 
Committee. Its recommendations regarding 
Committee composition were approved by 
the Board.

Performance evaluation
•	

	undertaking	a	performance	evaluation	of	
each of the members of the Group Executive 
Committee and reporting its conclusions to 
the Remuneration Committee.

Terms of reference and Nominations 
Committee effectiveness
•	

	updating	its	terms	of	reference	to	reflect	
evolving best practice. The Board approved 
the revised terms of reference; and 

•	

	undertaking	a	review	of	effectiveness	
which concluded that the Committee was 
considered to be operating effectively while 
identifying a number of areas for focus, 
including the development of a strategy on 
Board diversity for approval by the Board in 
the first half of the 2012 financial year.

Remuneration	Committee

The Remuneration Committee comprises 
independent non-executive directors and the 
Chairman of the Board. Its terms of reference, 
which are reviewed annually by the Board,  
are available on the Company’s website,  
www.tateandlyle.com.

The Committee met six times during the 
year. Membership of the Committee and their 
attendance	during	the	year	were	as	follows:

Number of 
meetings

Number of 
meetings 
attended

6

6
6
6

1
1
1
1

6

6
6
6

1
1
1
1

Directors as at 31 March 2011

Evert Henkes (Chairman of the 
Committee)
William Camp1
Sir Peter Gershon
Robert Walker

Former members2
Liz Airey
Richard Delbridge
Douglas Hurt
Dr Barry Zoumas

1  Appointed 1 May 2010.

2  Until 30 June 2010.

The Committee meets as required, usually before 
each Board meeting, and has a formal calendar 
of items for consideration. The minutes of each 
meeting are circulated to those non-executive 
directors who are not members of the Committee.

The Committee determines the remuneration 
packages of each executive director and the other 
members of the Group Executive Committee. 
These include base salary, bonus, long-term 
incentives, benefits and terms of employment, 
including those upon which their service may be 
terminated. The Committee also determines the 
base salary, long-term incentives and benefits of 
certain other senior executives. In consultation 
with the Chief Executive, the Committee (excluding 
the Chairman, Sir Peter Gershon) determines the 
remuneration of the Chairman. The remuneration 
of non-executive directors is determined by the 
executive directors and the Chairman. More 
information on policy, practice and the workings 
of the Committee can be found in the Directors’ 
remuneration report.

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Tate & Lyle Annual Report 2011   43

 
 
 
 
Governance Directors’ remuneration report

This report has been prepared in accordance  
with the requirements of the Companies Act  
2006 (the Act) and Schedule 8 of the Large and 
Medium Sized Companies and Groups (Accounts 
and Reports) Regulations 2008 (the Regulations),  
the Listing Rules of the UK Listing Authority and  
the Combined Code. PricewaterhouseCoopers  
LLP has audited such content as required by the  
Act (the tabular information on pages 54 to 56).  
A resolution to approve this report will be  
proposed at the AGM on 28 July 2011.

Remuneration	Committee
The Remuneration Committee (the Committee) 
comprises independent non-executive directors  
and the Chairman of the Board. The members of  
the Committee during the year and up to the  
date	of	this	report	were:

Evert Henkes, Chairman  
Liz Airey (until 1 July 2010) 
William Camp (from 1 May 2010) 
Richard Delbridge (until 1 July 2010) 
Sir Peter Gershon 
Douglas Hurt (from 10 March 2010 to 1 July 2010) 
Robert Walker 
Dr Barry Zoumas (until 1 July 2010)

The Chief Executive, Executive Vice President 
Human Resources, Group Compensation Manager 
and Executive Vice President Company Secretary 
and General Counsel, who acts as Secretary to the 
Committee, are normally invited to attend meetings 
to assist the Committee, although none is present  
or involved when his or her own remuneration  
is discussed.

The Committee’s terms of reference, which  
can be found on the Company’s website at  
www.tateandlyle.com, are reviewed annually  
to ensure they reflect best practice. 

The Committee met six times during the year. 
Individual members’ attendance records at meetings 
during the year are given in the table on page 43.

Main responsibilities of the  
Remuneration	Committee

•	

The	Committee’s	main	responsibilities	include:
	setting	the	remuneration	of	the	executive	
•	
directors, the Company Chairman and other 
senior management in accordance with a 
policy determined by the Committee and 
agreed with the Board; 
	reviewing	the	competitiveness	of	executive	
remuneration using data from independent 
consultants;
	reviewing	the	operation	of	the	long-term	
incentive plan and annual bonus plan, and 
determining the participants and overall  
grant levels; and
	setting	performance	targets	for	the	annual	
bonus plan and long-term incentive plan  
and reviewing performance against  
these targets.

•	

•	

The Committee reviews its work and effectiveness 
each year and reports any recommendations to 
the Board. The 2011 review concluded that the 
Committee had fulfilled its role and responsibilities  
appropriately.

Consultants
The Committee receives advice from independent 
remuneration consultants. During the year the 
Committee carried out a comprehensive triennial 
review of potential external advisors and as a result 
reappointed Hewitt New Bridge Street (HNBS)  
(part of Hewitt Associates Ltd) to act as principal 
adviser to the Committee. HNBS is a signatory to 
the Remuneration Consultant’s Voluntary Code  
of Conduct. 

In addition to market remuneration data provided 
by HNBS and by Towers Watson, the Committee 
receives total shareholder return performance  
data and ranking information for the Performance 
Share Plan and the legacy Deferred Bonus 
Share Plan and general market data from Kepler 
Associates. Linklaters provides general legal advice 
on remuneration matters. Towers Watson assists  
with pension accounting for the Company and  
acts as actuaries to the UK-based Tate & Lyle  
Group Pension Scheme. During the year ended 
31 March 2011, HNBS, Towers Watson and Kepler 
Associates provided no other services to the Group. 
Linklaters gave legal advice to the Group on a  
range of matters.

Review	of	executive	remuneration
During the year ended 31 March 2010, the 
Committee undertook a comprehensive review of 
executive remuneration, and consulted extensively 
with major shareholders on the proposals developed 
during this review. The revised remuneration policy 
was detailed in the Directors’ remuneration report 
for the year ended 31 March 2010. Both that 
Directors’ remuneration report, and a resolution to 
change the award limits under the Performance 
Share Plan, were approved by shareholders at the 
2010 AGM. The changes to remuneration policy are 
aligned to the Company’s business strategy placing 
more emphasis on driving Company performance 
and growth, and delivering value for shareholders. 
The changes were implemented for the year ended 
31 March 2011; the remuneration detailed in this 
report therefore reflects the new policy. As the Chief 
Executive’s remuneration had only recently been 
agreed, on his recruitment in October 2009, some 
aspects of the new policy were not applied to him 
during the year ended 31 March 2011, details of 
which are explained in this report.

Following further review, the Committee decided 
that for the year ending 31 March 2012, the revised 
policy should be fully extended to the Chief 
Executive, with some adjustment to reflect the 
terms of his remuneration agreed on recruitment  
as discussed opposite.

44   Tate & Lyle Annual Report 2011

Changes to incentive arrangements are an 
important component in delivering the business 
strategy; they help to provide focus on the drivers 
of sustained, long-term growth, including product 
innovation and strengthening our position in high 
growth markets. The agreed annual bonus plan 
incorporates metrics based on sales, profitability 
and conversion of profits to cash, which are all 
key indicators of whether the strategy is being 
delivered. The Performance Share Plan (PSP) 
measures how successfully we grow the absolute 
level of profits and deliver a strong return on the 
capital we employ, over the three-year performance 
period. Executives have a substantial stake in 
Tate & Lyle shares and dividends through deferral 
of part of annual bonus into shares, large executive 
shareholding requirements and the shares held  
in the PSP.

Remuneration	strategy	and	policy

Remuneration	arrangements	during	the	year	
ended 31 March 2011 for executive directors

Balance between fixed and performance-
related components
The relative proportions of fixed and performance-
related remuneration for the Chief Executive and 
the Chief Financial Officer are shown below. These 
are valued at both target and stretch performance 
levels, including base salary, annual bonus and the 
award value of the long-term incentives.

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Target performance
Chief Executive

Chief Financial Officer

Stretch performance
Chief Executive

Chief Financial Officer

Non-performance-
related pay 40%

Non-performance-
related pay 53%

Non-performance-

related pay 18%

Non-performance-

related pay 19%

Strategy
The Company’s remuneration strategy is to provide 
remuneration packages that attract, retain and 
motivate high-calibre individuals to deliver superior 
operational performance and outstanding financial 
results, in a manner that aligns with the Group’s 
Chief Financial Officer
core values and Business Code of Conduct and 
Non-performance-
fosters sustainable, profitable growth. To do so, 
related pay 40%
packages	must:	

Non-performance-
related pay 53%

Target performance
Chief Executive

•	 be	aligned	to	shareholders’	interests;

•	 be	competitive;

Performance-related pay 60%

Performance-related pay 47%

Stretch performance
Chief Executive

Chief Financial Officer

Non-performance-
related pay 18%

Non-performance-
related pay 19%

Performance-related pay 81%

Performance-related pay 82%

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	encourage	a	focus	on	long-term,	sustained	
performance and risk management;

Performance-related pay 60%

Performance-related pay 47%

•	 be	fair	and	transparent;	and

•	 be	consistent	across	the	Group.

Policy
To achieve the strategy, the policy for the 
remuneration of executive directors and senior 
executives	includes:

•	

•	

•	

•	

	setting	base	salary	around	the	market	median;

	rewarding	stretching,	superior	performance	with	
upper quartile levels of reward;

	providing	an	appropriate	balance	between	
reward in the short and the long term, and 
between reward that is fixed and variable; and

	providing	a	competitive,	balanced	package	 
of benefits.

The Committee takes into account the general pay 
and employment conditions of other employees 
of the Company when determining executive 
directors’ remuneration for the relevant financial 
year. This includes considering the levels of base 
salary increase for employees below executive 
level when reviewing executive base salaries, and 
ensuring that the same principles apply in setting 
performance targets for executives’ incentives as 
for other employees of the Group.

It is the intention to retain the policy referred to 
above in the forthcoming year.

Performance-related pay 82%

Performance-related pay 81%

Chief Executive’s remuneration package 
The Committee has agreed the following changes  
to the Chief Executive’s remuneration package,  
to align these components with the new executive 
remuneration policy agreed in 2010, which is already 
applicable	to	the	Chief	Financial	Officer:	

Annual bonus (changes effective for year  
ending 31 March 2012) 
•	

	Annual	bonus	payable	for	performance	at	
threshold will reduce from 10% of base salary  
to 0% of base salary; 

•	

•	

	Maximum	annual	bonus,	payable	for	outstanding	
performance, will increase from 150% to 175%  
of base salary; and 

	The	portion	of	any	annual	bonus	payment	that	
exceeds 100% of base salary will be delivered  
in the form of Tate & Lyle PLC shares, which  
are deferred for two years and subject to  
service conditions.

The Chief Executive will continue to be entitled to  
a 75% target bonus to respect the arrangements 
agreed upon his recruitment.

Long-term incentive – Performance Share Plan 
(changes effective for grant in 2012) 
•	

	The	level	of	vesting	at	threshold	performance	will	
reduce from 25% of the award to 15%. The award 
level remains at 300% of base salary, the level 
agreed when Javed Ahmed was recruited in 2009.

The Chief Executive’s shareholding target will remain 
at 4x base salary; he has already met this target.

Tate & Lyle Annual Report 2011   45

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Governance Directors’ remuneration report

Summary of remuneration components
The current remuneration package for executive directors consists of base salary, annual bonus,  
long-term	incentives,	and	retirement	and	other	benefits	as	follows:

Component

Objective

Summary

Base salary

Reflects market value  
of the individual, their 
skills and experience 
and performance.

Annual bonus

Rewards the 
achievement of the 
annual performance 
objectives of the 
Company.

•	 	Reviewed	annually	with	changes	usually	taking	effect	on	1	April.
•	 		Benchmarked	against	relevant	comparators,	primarily	the	 

50th to 130th ranked companies of the FTSE index. 

•	 		Base	salary	reviews	take	into	account	pay	increase	levels	for	

employees below the executive level, and the impact on pension  
and other consequences of increases.

•	 		Positioned	around	the	median	of	the	relevant	market,	taking	 

account of personal performance.

•	 	Three	performance	metrics	apply:	sales,	profit	and	cash	conversion.
•	 	Greatest	weighting	is	on	profit,	and	a	minimum	profit	hurdle	also	
applies before any bonus is payable against any of the metrics.
•	 	Targets	for	each	metric	are	set	at	the	start	of	each	financial	year,	
taking account of the business strategy, performance in previous 
years, market expectations and the prevailing economic climate.
•	 	The	Chief	Financial	Officer’s	threshold,	target	and	maximum	annual	

bonuses are 0%, 50% and 175% of base salary, respectively. 
The equivalent figures for the Chief Executive, in accordance with 
the special arrangements that were put in place to facilitate his 
recruitment, are 10%, 75% and 150% of base salary.1 

•	 	For	the	maximum	bonus	to	be	payable,	performance	in	all	three	

metrics is required to be outstanding.

•	 	The	portion	of	any	annual	bonus	above	100%	of	base	salary	is	
delivered in Tate & Lyle PLC shares1 which are deferred for two  
years; these do not benefit from any matching. 

•	 	The	Committee	can	‘claw	back’	bonus	in	the	exceptional	event	 

of misstatement of results or gross misconduct.

Long-term 
incentives

Rewards sustained 
performance, and helps 
retain talent.

•	 	Awards	in	the	form	of	performance	shares	that	vest	after	 

three years, subject to demanding performance requirements.

•	 	Two	performance	metrics	apply:	earnings	per	share	growth	 

and percentage return on capital employed.

•	 	Maximum	annual	award	size	is	currently	250%	of	base	salary2, 
although the Committee may make awards up to 300% of base 
salary if necessary to ensure market competitiveness and taking 
account of Group performance. However, only 15% of the award 
vests at threshold performance2. Outstanding performance is  
required for 100% vesting.

Shareholding 
requirement

Ensures alignment  
with shareholders.

•   The Chief Executive and the Chief Financial Officer have target 

holdings of four and three times base salary respectively.

Pension

Provides competitive 
pension, with low risk  
to the Company.

•	 	Only	base	salary	is	pensionable	for	executive	directors.
•	 	The	Chief	Executive	has	a	defined	contribution	cash	allowance	of	

35% of base salary.

•	 	The	Chief	Financial	Officer	had	a	defined	benefit	of	1/38th	of	final	
salary (3% employee contribution) until 5 April 2011, which from  
6 April 2011 changes to a cash allowance of 25% of base salary.

Other benefits 

Provide competitive 
benefits.

•	 	These	include	car	(or	car	allowance)	benefit,	health	insurance, 
group income protection and, where appropriate, life cover.

1 

2 

 In accordance with the special arrangements that were put in place to facilitate his recruitment, the Chief Executive can earn a bonus of 
up to 150% of base salary which is not subject to deferral. With effect for the year ending 31 March 2012, the Chief Executive’s threshold, 
target and maximum annual bonus will be 0%, 75% and 175% of base salary respectively, with the portion of bonus above 100% of base 
salary deferred into shares for two years. The change in the maximum and threshold bonus potential and deferral of bonus will align these 
elements with the new policy. 

 In accordance with the special arrangements that were put in place to facilitate his recruitment, the Chief Executive’s award level is set at 
300% of base salary, with 25% vesting at threshold performance. With effect from the long-term incentive grant scheduled for 2012, the 
level of vesting at threshold performance for the Chief Executive will reduce to 15% of the award, to align it with the new policy.

Base salary
The Chief Executive’s base salary, having remained unchanged in 2010, was increased by 3.7% with 
effect from 1 April 2011. The Chief Financial Officer’s base salary was increased by 3.0% with effect from 
1 April 2011. This compared with average levels for other UK based employees, who were awarded a 
base salary increase generally of between 3% and 4%. 

Executive directors’ base salaries are shown in the table below.

Javed Ahmed 
Tim Lodge

46   Tate & Lyle Annual Report 2011

2011 
£

700 000
394 000 

As at 1 April 

2010 
£

675 000
382 500

 
Annual bonus scheme

Bonus for the year ended 31 March 2011
The annual bonus opportunity for each executive director is shown in the table below.

Javed Ahmed 
Tim Lodge1

Threshold

10%
0% 

% of base salary

Target

75%
50% 

Maximum

150%
175%

1 

 The portion of bonus that exceeds 100% of base salary is delivered in deferred shares.

Three	performance	factors	were	applied	to	the	annual	bonus.	These	are	shown	in	the	table	below:

Performance 
factor1

Definition

PBTEA 

Profit before tax, exceptional Items 
and amortisation.

Net sales 
less cost 
of raw 
materials 

Cash 
conversion 
cycle (CCC) 

Gross sales net of associated 
selling costs, less the costs of raw 
materials used in production.

The number of days between 
disbursement of cash and collection 
of cash, taking account of inventory, 
payables and receivables.

Reasons	for	selecting

Measures the underlying profits 
generated by the business and 
whether management is converting 
growth into profits effectively. 

Measures whether management is 
growing the business. Growth is taken 
after cost of raw materials to better 
reflect value added.

Measures whether the business is 
managing its working capital and 
converting profit into cash effectively. 

Effective weighting2
(at max bonus)

Chief  
Executive

Chief  
Financial 
Officer

87.0%  

70.8% 

6.5%   

14.6% 

6.5%  

14.6% 

1 

2 

 For bonus purposes all three metrics are measured on the basis of constant exchange rates and subject to adjustments reviewed and 
approved by the Committee to ensure that the results are a true reflection of the actual performance. Performance is assessed on the 
Group’s continuing operations. 

 The effective factor weighting at maximum bonus is calculated by reference to the difference in the multipliers that apply to achieve 
maximum bonus versus those at threshold, calculating the relative weight of these increments. 

The CCC metric is based on a straight average of the four quarter ending numbers (i.e. at 30 June 2010, 
30 September 2010, 31 December 2010 and 31 March 2011) to avoid a focus purely on the year-end 
numbers which may be distorted and not reflect underlying working capital and cash management 
performance throughout the year. 

For each performance factor there is a corresponding multiplier at the threshold, target and stretch level  
of performance, and sliding scales between them. 

How the multiplier works

Target bonus 
(%	of	base	salary)

Chief Executive 
(75%)

Chief Financial 
Officer (50%)

PBTEA 
performance 
multiplier

Net sales 
less cost of  
raw materials 
performance 
multiplier

Cash  
conversion 
cycle 
performance 
multiplier

Bonus  
achieved  
as	%	of	 
base salary

 Step 1

 Step 2

 Step 3

The multipliers for the PBTEA factor are more heavily geared than for the other two factors, reflecting 
the fact that PBTEA is the most important of the three metrics. Before any bonus is payable, a minimum 
level of profit has to be achieved, regardless of the level of performance in the net sales less cost of raw 
materials and cash conversion cycle metrics. To achieve the maximum payout, performance against all 
three factors must be at the stretch level. The multipliers are predetermined by the Committee and the 
relative weightings reflect the importance of each of the metrics for the coming year in the context of the 
progress made against the overall long-term strategy. 

Once the performance outcome is known for each metric, the relevant multiplier is calculated for each.  
The target bonus is then adjusted by each of the multipliers to arrive at the final bonus outcome.

Tate & Lyle Annual Report 2011   47

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Governance Directors’ remuneration report

The following charts show for the Chief Executive and Chief Financial Officer the weighting of each metric 
relative to threshold for given levels of actual bonus. All numbers are at constant exchange rates. 

Weighting of bonus metrics for Chief Executive 
at different levels of bonus %

Weighting of bonus metrics for Chief Financial 
Officer at different levels of bonus %

150%

175%

100%

Represents 100% of base 
salary, above which any 
bonus is deferred into 
shares for 2 years

Bonus

20%

75% 150%

Bonus

20%

50% 175%

CCC

PBTEA

Net sales less raw

Target = 75%
Maximum = 150%

The weighting of the bonus metrics at 
a level of 20% has been included in the 
above for illustrative purposes only.

CCC

PBTEA

Net sales less raw

Target = 50%
Maximum = 175%

The weighting of the bonus metrics at 
a level of 20% has been included in the 
above for illustrative purposes only.

The	table	below	shows,	relative	to	2010	actual	performance:	(i)	the	performance	required	to	achieve	
maximum bonus; and (ii) the 2011 actual performance. All numbers are shown at constant exchange rates.

Performance factor

PBTEA 
Net sales less cost of raw materials
Cash conversion cycle

Performance 
requirement  
to achieve 
maximum bonus

+22.6%
+0.4%
+11.9%

As at 1 April 2011

Actual 
performance

+29.6%
+2.8%
+24.8%

The table below shows the actual performance outcome for 2011 relative to the bonus range.

Performance  
factor

PBTEA 

Net sales less  
cost of raw  
materials

Actual  
performance 
outcome1

Above stretch 
performance level

Above stretch 
performance level

Commentary 

The strong growth in PBTEA was driven by higher sales volumes, 
operational leverage, improved product mix, very strong returns from 
co-products and lower manufacturing costs for SPLENDA® Sucralose. 

There was good growth in sales volumes across both main businesses. 
In Speciality Food Ingredients volume growth was 7% although sales 
value was impacted by reduced selling prices for SPLENDA® Sucralose 
reflecting the strategy of securing long-term volume incentive contracts 
with customers. Bulk Ingredients benefited from higher co-product 
income and an improved performance from the ethanol business offset 
by lower margins in sweeteners and industrial starches. 

Cash  
conversion  
cycle 

Above stretch 
performance level 

Good progress was made on all working capital items but was offset by 
rising corn inventories in the USA towards the year end, as the Group 
sought to manage the supply risk in the coming year following market 
predictions of low corn inventories prior to the 2011 harvest.

1 

 In view of the performance outcomes for the year ended 31 March 2011 in the table above, the maximum annual bonus of 175% of base 
salary for the Chief Financial Officer and 150% of base salary for the Chief Executive were awarded by the Committee.

48   Tate & Lyle Annual Report 2011

 
 
 
 
 
 
Any bonus amount up to 100% of base salary  
is paid in cash. Any excess above 100% of base 
salary is delivered in the form of a conditional 
award of Tate & Lyle PLC shares, which carry 
the right to receive an amount equivalent to the 
ordinary dividend, to be paid in cash or shares 
as determined by the Committee. The shares 
are released and the dividend equivalent paid or 
released after two years subject to the executive 
remaining in service with the Company. In 
accordance with the special arrangements that 
were put in place to facilitate his recruitment,  
the Chief Executive was entitled to a bonus of  
up to 150% of base salary for the year ended  
31 March 2011, none of which is deferred.

Both the cash award and the share component  
are subject to ‘claw-back’, which means they may 
be recouped in whole or in part, at the discretion  
of the Committee in the exceptional event that 
results were found to have been misstated or if  
an executive commits gross misconduct.

Long-term	incentive	arrangements
Performance-based long-term incentive plans 
(LTIPs) closely align executive directors’ and senior 
executives’ interests with those of shareholders, 
and are therefore an important component of the 
overall package. 

During the year ended 31 March 2011, the 
Company operated an LTIP, the Tate & Lyle 2003 
Performance Share Plan (PSP). There are some 
remaining awards that were made under earlier 
plans that are no longer in operation or have  
been suspended.

Performance Share Plan (PSP)

2008 PSP award
As shown in the graph on the right, for the  
performance period from 1 April 2008 to 31 March 
2011 in relation to the PSP awards made in 2008, 
Tate & Lyle’s share price growth and dividend 
yields resulted in a total shareholder return (TSR) 
that ranked Tate & Lyle at 26th position (69th 
percentile) in the comparator group of companies 
(being the occupying positions 50 to 130 of the 
FTSE rankings at the beginning of the performance 
period). This is second quartile performance at 
which level the performance condition specifies 
that 81% of the conditional award made in 
2008 is eligible for release with effect from the 
determination of the performance conditions.

The performance condition also specifies that, 
before any shares can be released, the Committee 
must be satisfied that the underlying financial 
performance of Tate & Lyle over the performance 
period justifies the participants receiving their 
shares. For the award made in 2008 under the 
PSP, the Committee considers that the underlying 
financial performance of Tate & Lyle over the 
performance period does justify the participants 
receiving their shares.

2008 PSP award Total Shareholder Return
Tate & Lyle and comparator group from
1 April 2008 to 31 March 2011

)

%

(

R
S
T
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3

250

200

150

100

50

0

-50

-100

Tate & Lyle
39.1%

Bottom
quartile

Third
quartile

Second
quartile

Top
quartile

Each bar in the chart represents a company 
in the comparitor group.

Source: Kepler Associates

Historical performance criteria and vesting
Relative TSR performance was used as the sole 
performance criterion until 2009, when an earnings 
per share (EPS) performance condition was 
introduced alongside relative TSR for 50% of the 
award. The following table shows the vesting levels 
of awards granted from 2003 up to 2008. Awards 
made under the PSP in 2005, 2006 and 2007 
did not vest because the threshold performance 
conditions were not met.

Year of award

Year of vesting

Level of vesting

2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008

2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011

84% 
100%
0%
0%
0%
81%

Maximum award level
Following shareholder approval of the changes 
to the PSP at the 2010 AGM, executive directors 
and other senior executives are awarded, at the 
discretion of the Committee, a conditional right to 
receive a number of Tate & Lyle ordinary shares 
in value up to 250% of base salary per annum, 
with flexibility for the Committee to make awards 
of up to 300% of base salary where necessary to 
ensure market competitiveness, taking account of 
Company performance. 

Javed Ahmed received special long-term incentive 
(LTI) awards to facilitate his recruitment, detailed 
in the annual report 2009, and also on page 55. 
Although these were not granted under the PSP, 
they have similar terms, including the same 
performance conditions, to PSP awards. 

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Governance Directors’ remuneration report

Performance conditions – 2010 awards
The number of shares a participant ultimately receives depends on the Group’s performance during the 
three-year performance period beginning on 1 April in the year of the award. For the 2010 awards, the 
performance	conditions	comprised	two	elements:

a) Adjusted diluted Earnings Per Share (EPS) (50% of total award)
Performance is measured by comparing the compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of the Company’s 
adjusted diluted EPS from continuing operations over the three-year performance period against 
predetermined targets. The Committee selected this metric as it is a key determinant of shareholder  
value creation.

b) Adjusted Return On Capital Employed (ROCE) (50% of the total award)
Performance is measured by the adjusted ROCE on continuing operations achieved at the end of  
the three-year performance period against the predetermined targets. The original targets of 13.0% at 
threshold and 16.0% at maximum vesting, as disclosed in the Notice of Meeting for the 2010 annual 
general meeting, were revised following the sale of EU Sugars on 30 September 2010 to 13.4% and 16.4% 
respectively, in each case representing an increase of 100 basis points and 400 basis points, respectively, 
relative to the adjusted ROCE (which was also revised on a like for like basis), achieved in the year ended 
31 March 2010. The Committee selected this metric as it is a good indicator of the effectiveness of strategic 
investment decisions and of the quality of earnings generated. Importantly the ROCE outcome is adjusted  
downward by adding back any asset impairments into capital employed; this is to encourage a prudent 
investment strategy. For this reason, in the event of there being an impairment of assets, the ROCE figure 
for PSP purposes can be significantly lower than the unadjusted ROCE number reported in the  
Company’s accounts. 

The two metrics referred to above provide better line of sight for participants than relative TSR,  
as Tate & Lyle has few, if any, directly comparable peers that can be used to create a peer group.

Shares	awarded	under	the	PSP	in	2010	vest	in	accordance	with	the	following	schedule:	

Percentage of award vesting

0%
15%1
On a straight line between 15% and 100%
100%

CAGR of adjusted diluted EPS  
during the performance period 
(50% of award)

Adjusted ROCE at end of  
performance period
(50% of award)

Below 6%
6%

Below 13.4%
13.4%
Between 6% and 15% Between 13.4% and 16.4%
At 16.4% or above

15% or more

1 

 In accordance with the special arrangements that were put in place to facilitate the Chief Executive’s recruitment, 25% of his award  
vests at threshold performance.

There is no retesting of the performance conditions.

Before any shares become eligible for release, the Committee must also be satisfied that this is justified 
by the underlying financial performance of the Group over the measurement period. Subject to the 
Committee’s approval, the conditional award is then converted into a nil-cost option to acquire the 
appropriate number of shares. 

Deferred Bonus Share Plan (DBSP) (suspended scheme)
Awards were made under the DBSP from 2005 to 2008, and it was suspended in 2009. Under the DBSP, 
executives had the opportunity to defer up to 50% of their annual cash bonus (after deduction of tax, 
national insurance or other social security payments) and invest the amount deferred in the Company’s 
shares. Subject to the satisfaction of a performance condition over the performance period, participants 
received awards of matching shares based on the number of shares which could have been acquired from 
the gross bonus amount deferred by the participant (lodged shares). The performance conditions attached 
to past awards is the same as that attached to PSP awards made in the same year. The performance 
conditions attached to the PSP awards made in 2008 are described on page 49. Accordingly, 88% of the 
maximum matching shares available under the DBSP conditional award in 2008 is eligible for release.

Change of control and voting
All of the Company’s share plans contain provisions relating to a change of control. Outstanding 
awards and options would normally vest and become exercisable on a change of control, subject to the 
satisfaction of any performance conditions at that time, and in proportion to the time served during the 
performance period.

50   Tate & Lyle Annual Report 2011

Executive shareholding policy
The Committee monitors the policy annually. The Chief Executive has met his shareholding target of four 
times base salary, to be acquired by 1 October 2014. The Chief Financial Officer has a target shareholding  
of three times base salary by 22 July 2015. 

Sharesave Scheme
The Scheme is open to all employees in the UK, including executive directors. No performance conditions 
are attached to options granted under the Scheme since it is an all-employee scheme, and the value of 
individual grants is capped. Options granted to participants are normally set at a discount of 10% to the 
market value of the shares at the time of the grant.

Dilution 
To satisfy options granted under the 1992 Executive Share Option Scheme (closed in July 2000) and 
the Sharesave Scheme, the Company issues new shares. To satisfy outstanding awards under the 2000  
Executive Share Option Scheme, PSP and DBSP matching shares, the Company uses either treasury  
shares or shares that have been purchased by the Trustees of the Tate & Lyle Employee Benefit Trust.  
The Company will use shares that have been purchased by the Employee Benefit Trust to satisfy awards 
made to Javed Ahmed and any awards to be made under the Group Bonus Plan.

In the ten-year period to 31 March 2011, awards made under the executive schemes represented 0.71%  
of the Company’s issued ordinary share capital (2010 – 1.6%), leaving available dilution headroom of 4.29% 
(2010 – 3.4%). Awards made under all share schemes represented 1.1% of the Company’s issued ordinary 
share capital (2010 – 3.0%) leaving available dilution headroom of 8.9% (2010 – 7.0%).

Pensions
The Group’s largest pension scheme is the UK-based Tate & Lyle Group Pension Scheme (Group Scheme), 
a defined benefit arrangement. The Company closed the Group Scheme to new entrants from 1 April 2002, 
and, since then, new employees have been offered defined-contribution type pension provision through a 
Stakeholder Plan, which is an insurance-based contract. The Group Scheme closed to future final salary 
pension accrual from 6 April 2011 and the employee members have been offered membership of the 
existing Stakeholder plan. 

Javed Ahmed is not a member of the Group Scheme for pension purposes and accordingly has accrued  
no pension benefits under it. He is paid a cash allowance calculated as 35% of base salary, from which he 
can make his own retirement savings arrangements although this may include the Company Stakeholder 
Plan. He has been provided with life assurance cover and has also participated in the Group Income 
Protection Scheme, which applies to all UK employees who are not otherwise covered for ill-health  
benefits under the Group Scheme. 

Tim Lodge was a member of the Group Scheme until its closure and accrued pension at a rate of 
approximately 1/38th of pensionable earnings (basic salary only) for each year of service, subject to an 
employee contribution of 3% of pensionable salary. The benefit accrued includes a widow’s pension 
payable on his death and a lump sum on death in service. Once in payment, this part of his pension (and 
any subsequent widow’s pension) will be subject to increases in line with price inflation up to a maximum  
of 5%, with a minimum of 3%. From 6 April 2011, Tim Lodge is paid a cash allowance calculated as 25%  
of base salary, from which he can make his own retirement savings arrangements although this may  
include the Company Stakeholder Plan.

Details of the accrued pension benefits for Tim Lodge under the Group Scheme are given on page 56. 
Details of amounts paid in lieu of pensions to Javed Ahmed are included in the table on page 54, under 
pension allowance.

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Tate & Lyle Annual Report 2011   51

 
 
 
Governance Directors’ remuneration report

Service contracts of executive directors
The policy in determining service contracts is to take account of market practice, and to ensure that 
provisions in relation to termination notice periods or payments are not excessive. The following table 
summarises the key provisions of the executive directors’ service contracts not referred to elsewhere  
in this report.

Provision

Javed Ahmed – Chief Executive

Tim	Lodge	–	Chief	Financial	Officer	

Notice period
•	 By	the	director
•	 By	the	Company

Termination payment

6 months
12 months

6 months
12 months

The Company has the right, but not the 
obligation, to pay in lieu of notice the  
base salary and pension allowance that 
would have been payable during the 
notice period.

The Company has the right, but not the 
obligation, to pay in lieu of notice the salary, 
pension and other contractual benefits 
arising during the notice period. The 
Company has the contractual right to phase 
the payments and to reduce them if the 
executive mitigates his loss. 

Expenses

Reimbursement of expenses reasonably 
incurred in accordance with his duties.

Reimbursement of expenses reasonably 
incurred in accordance with his duties.

Holiday entitlement

30 days

30 days

Sick pay

Full basic salary for the first 26 
consecutive weeks and thereafter at  
a rate reduced by up to half at the 
Committee’s discretion subject to 
termination by the Company.

Full basic salary for the first 26 consecutive 
weeks and thereafter at a rate reduced by 
up to a half at the Committee’s discretion 
subject to termination by the Company.

Restrictive covenants

For the period of 12 months (less any 
garden leave period) following termination 
of employment.

For the period of 12 months (less any  
garden leave period) following termination  
of employment.

Contract  
commencement date

1 October 2009

4 December 2008

Executive directors’ external appointments
The Board believes that the Company benefits from executive directors holding external non-executive 
directorships at the appropriate time. Such appointments are subject to approval by the Board and are 
normally restricted to one position for each executive director. Fees may be retained by the executive 
director concerned. Neither of the executive directors holds a non-executive directorship currently. 

Chairman’s fees
Sir Peter Gershon became Chairman on 23 July 2009 receiving fees of £275,000 per annum which 
remained unchanged for the year ended 31 March 2011. The Committee reviews the Chairman’s fees each 
year and the Chairman does not participate in discussions or decisions relating to his own remuneration. 

Following the most recent review of fees, the Remuneration Committee approved an increase in the 
Chairman’s fees to £283,250 effective 1 April 2011.

Non-executive	directors’	fees
Non-executive directors’ fees, reviewed annually by the Board, are set at a level to retain individuals  
with the necessary experience and ability to make a substantial contribution to the Group. Fees paid  
are commensurate with those paid by other UK-listed companies. In addition to the basic fee for each  
non-executive director and the Senior Independent Director, supplements are paid to the Chairmen of  
the Audit and Remuneration Committees to reflect the extra responsibilities attached to these positions.  
A supplement is also paid to Dr Barry Zoumas for chairing the Tate & Lyle Research Advisory Group.

The non-executive directors do not participate in the Group’s incentive or pension schemes, nor do they 
receive other benefits. The non-executive directors do not have service contracts or notice periods, but, 
under the terms of their appointment, they are usually expected to serve on the Board for between three 
and nine years, with a review of their terms of appointment every three years, subject to their re-election  
by shareholders. Non-executive directors have no right to compensation on the early termination of  
their appointment. 

52   Tate & Lyle Annual Report 2011

 
 
 
 
The Chairman and the Deputy Company Secretary undertook a detailed review of the actual and 
anticipated time commitments of each of the non-executive directors (excluding the Chairman).  
The analysis indicated that the time commitments for non-executive directors were well in excess of 
the time commitment indicated in their appointment letters. A review of market data provided by HNBS 
indicated that the current basic fee level was significantly below the market median for companies  
of similar size and complexity to Tate & Lyle. Taking account of the current market position, and the  
increased time commitment required of the non-executive directors, the executive directors and the 
Chairman agreed that an adjustment to non-executive directors’ fees be made with effect  
from 1 April 2011. The fees are shown in the following table.

Non-executive director 
Senior Independent Director

Chairman of Audit Committee
Chairman of Remuneration Committee
Chairman of Research Advisory Group

Basic fees (per annum)

At 1 April 2011 
£

At 1 April 2010 
£

58 000
64 650 

49 200
55 850

Supplemental fees (per annum)

At 1 April 2011 
£

At 1 April 2010 
£

15 375
10 250
21 525 

15 375
10 250
21 525

Executive directors’ total remuneration package for the year ended 31 March 2011
The following tables show the remuneration package of the executive directors for the year ended  
31 March 2011.

Javed Ahmed (Chief Executive)

Element 

Base salary
Annual bonus

LTI – face value of 2010 grant    
(vesting deferred until 2013)
LTI vesting for performance to  
    31 March 20113   
Pension allowance
Other benefits

Total value

Tim	Lodge	(Chief	Financial	Officer)

Element 

Base salary
Annual bonus4

LTI (PSP) – face value of 2010 grant     

(vesting deferred until 2013)
LTI (PSP and DBSP) vesting for  
    performance to 31 March 2011 
Cash value of pension accrual5,6 
Other benefits

Total value

Below threshold 
performance  
£000

675
None

None

–
236
19

930

Below threshold 
performance  
£000

383
None

None

–
216
14

613

At threshold 
performance
£000

675
68 
(10% of  
base salary)
506
(25% vesting)

At target
performance1
£000

675
506 
(75% of  
base salary)
1 266
(62.5% vesting)

–
236
19

1 504

–
236
19

2 702

At threshold 
performance
£000

383
0 
(0% of   
base salary)
143
(15% vesting)

At target
performance1
£000

383
191 
(50% of  
base salary)
550
(57.5% vesting)

–
216
14

756

–
216
14

1 354

At stretch 
performance
£000

Actual earned/
vested2
£000

675
1 013 
(150% of  
base salary)
2 025
(100% vesting)

–
236
19

3 968

675
1 013

–

1 267
236
19

3 210

At stretch 
performance
£000

Actual earned/
vested2
£000

383
669 
(175% of  
base salary)
956
(100% vesting)

–
216
14

2 238

383
669

–

185
216
14

1 467

1 

2 

 In the case of the LTI, ‘target’ is taken to be midway between threshold and stretch.

 Actual annual bonus earned in respect of 2011 and LTI vesting of 81% following year-end 31 March 2011, which are valued using the  
closing share price on 31 March 2011. In the case of Tim Lodge, his PSP award, which will convert into a deferred right to acquire the 
appropriate number of Tate & Lyle PLC shares at the end of a one year retention period subject to service conditions, represents £150,658 
and the DBSP £34,350, representing the matching component of shares awarded in 2008. 

3  

 Relates to special incentive arrangements upon recruitment to compensate for LTI awards foregone as a result of leaving his former employer.

4 

5 

6 

 The portion of bonus that exceeds 100% of base salary is deferred into Tate & Lyle PLC shares for two years.

 Estimated value of defined benefit pension accrual has been calculated taking account of the accrual rate, salary increase effective  
1 April 2010, pensionable service and the HMRC valuation factor.

 As of 6 April 2011, the Group Pension Scheme closed to future accrual. Tim Lodge, who was a member of the Scheme, now receives  
25% of base salary as a cash allowance and no longer accrues a defined benefit pension.

Tate & Lyle Annual Report 2011   53

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Governance Directors’ remuneration report

Total shareholder return performance
The graph below, as required under the Regulations, illustrates the cumulative TSR performance of 
Tate & Lyle against the FTSE 100 Index over the past five years. The FTSE 100 Index is considered to  
be an appropriate benchmark for this purpose as it is a broad equity market index with constituents 
comparable in size to Tate & Lyle. The graph shows the TSR for the FTSE 100 Index and Tate & Lyle  
in the five years from 31 March 2006. 

Tate & Lyle’s five-year cumulative 
total shareholder return
Value of £100 invested on 31 March 2006

£
150

120

90

60

30

Tate & Lyle

FTSE
100
Index

March 06

March 07

March 08

March 09

March 10

March 11

Source: Kepler Associates

Directors’ emoluments (audited)
The following table shows the directors’ emoluments for the year ended 31 March 2011.

Chairman
Sir Peter Gershon
Executive directors
Javed Ahmed
Tim Lodge
Non-executive	directors
Liz Airey
William Camp4
Evert Henkes
Douglas Hurt
Robert Walker
Dr Barry Zoumas
Former directors
Richard Delbridge5
Directors who retired 
     before 31 March 20106

Total

Salary  
and fees 
£000

Pension  
and other
 allowances1
£000

Benefits2
£000

Annual  
bonus 
 – cash 
£000

Annual  
bonus
 – deferred3
£000

Total year to  
31 March  
2011 
£000

Total year to  
31 March  
2010
£000

275

675
383

65
45
59
49
54
71

17

–

15

347
13

–
–
–
–
–
–

–

–

1 693 

375

–

4
1

–
–
–
–
–
–

–

–

5

–

–

290

1 013
383

–
286

2 039
1 066

–
–
–
–
–
–

–

–

–
–
–
–
–
–

–

–

65
45
59
49
54
71

17

–

1 396

286

3 755

231

977
742

63
–
58
3
48
69

55

1 379

3 625

1 

 Other allowances include car allowance which in the case of Javed Ahmed is £15,000, with a further £96,043 representing payments  
in lieu of dividends on an award of shares as disclosed in the share awards table on page 55. 

2 

 Benefits for the executive directors include health insurance.

3  Deferred into Tate & Lyle PLC shares for two years and subject to service conditions.

4  William Camp was appointed to the Board with effect from 1 May 2010.

5  Richard Delbridge ceased to be a director on 22 July 2010.

6 

 Under the agreements signed at the time that Iain Ferguson stood down as Chief Executive and a director (referred to in the annual 
report 2010), he will be entitled to receive an amount during the year ending 31 March 2012 relating to PSP shares foregone for the  
period 1 January 2010 to 31 May 2010, part of which will relate to the year ended 31 March 2011. The final amount will be set out in  
the annual report 2012. The final amount will depend on the share price on the date of release, likely in June 2011. On the basis of  
the current share price, the amount would be in the region of £150,000–£160,000.

54   Tate & Lyle Annual Report 2011

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Share awards (audited)
The	following	table	sets	out	the	current	position	of	share-based	awards	made	to	executive	directors:

As at  
1 April 2010
(number)

Awards  
granted  
during

year 1

(number)

Awards  
vested  
during  
year
(number)

Awards  
lapsed  
during  
year
(number)

As at  
31 March  
2011
(number)

Market  
price on  
date  
awards  
granted  
(pence)

Market  
price on  
date  
awards  
vested  
(pence)

Vesting  
date

Javed Ahmed
Special	share-incentive	
arrangements relating 
to recruitment: 
compensatory awards
Award A2
Award B3
Award C4
Special	share-incentive	
arrangements relating 
to	recruitment:	long-	
term incentive awards:
Award A4
Award B5

Tim	Lodge
Tate	&	Lyle	
Performance  
Share Plan 20036
20077
2008
2009
2010
Tate	&	Lyle	Deferred	
Bonus Share Plan 20056
20088

419 403
269 616
359 488

–
–
–

659 609

–
– 473 042

12 995
32 050
152 687

–
–
–
– 223 381

6 790

–

–
–
–

–
–

–
–
–
–

–

– 419 403
– 269 616
– 359 488

444.90
444.90
444.90

– 659 609
– 473 042

444.90
440.20

–
12 995
–
32 050
– 152 687
– 223 381

577.50
394.25
294.25
440.20

–

6 790

401.00

–
–
–

–
–

–
–
–
–

–

01/10/11
After 31/03/11
After 31/03/12 

After 31/03/12
After 31/03/13

–
After 31/03/11
After 31/03/12
After 31/03/13

After 31/03/11

1 

2 

 The performance conditions for awards are adjusted diluted EPS, against which 50% of the award will be measured, and adjusted ROCE, 
for the remaining 50% of the award.

 This award to compensate Javed Ahmed for certain long-term incentives given up by him as a consequence of leaving his former employer 
is not subject to performance conditions. The shares will be delivered on 1 October 2011, being the second anniversary of Javed Ahmed 
joining the Company. Pending delivery, he receives a payment in lieu of dividend on these shares which will be subject to the deduction of 
tax. In the event of a change of control, the shares will be delivered immediately.

3  This award is subject to the same performance condition as that which applies to awards made under the PSP in 2008. 

4  This award is subject to the same performance condition as that which applies to awards made under the PSP in 2009. 

5  This award is subject to the same performance condition as that which applies to awards made under the PSP in 2010. 

6  The three-year performance period for all awards begins on the first day of the financial year in which the award is granted.

7  On 1 April 2011, 100% of the conditional awards made in 2007 lapsed because performance conditions were not met.

8 

 This was the last year in which awards were made under the DBSP prior to suspension of the arrangement with the performance 
conditions the same as those applying to the 2008 PSP. The vesting will be determined based on TSR during the three-year performance 
period against companies positioned 50 to 130 of the FTSE index at the start of the performance period such that one matching share is 
awarded for each lodged share for median performance increasing on a pro-rata basis to two match shares for upper quartile performance. 
As indicated on page 50, the TSR performance resulted in 88% of the maximum matching shares available under the award vesting.  

All-employee	schemes	(audited)
Details of the directors who were in office for any part of the financial year, and hold or held options to 
subscribe for ordinary shares of the Company are set out below.

Savings-related share options are options granted under the HMRC-approved Sharesave Scheme.  
Options are not subject to performance conditions and are normally exercisable during the six-month 
period following the end of the relevant (three- or five-year) contract. 

As at  
1 April 2010
(number)

Options 
granted 
during year
(number)

Options 
exercised 
during year
(number)

Options 
lapsed 
during year
(number)

As at  
31 March  
2011
(number)

Exercise 
price 
(pence)

Javed Ahmed
Savings-related options 2009
Tim Lodge
Savings-related options 2007

3 720

4 253

–

–

–

–

–

–

3 720

418.00

4 253

395.00

Exercise period

01/03/15 to 
31/08/15
01/03/13 to 
31/08/13

The market price of the Company’s ordinary shares at the close of business on 31 March 2011 was 
577.50p, and the range during the year to 31 March 2011 was 409.10p to 599.50p.

Tate & Lyle Annual Report 2011   55

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Governance Directors’ remuneration report

Directors’ pension provision (audited)
Tim Lodge is a member of the Group Scheme. The information below sets out the disclosures required for 
him under both the Listing Rules of the UK Listing Authority and the Regulations.

Accumu-
lated total
accrued
pension at
year-end1
£000

Director’s
contribu-
tions  
during
the year2
£000

Increase
in accrued 
pension 
during
the year3
£000

Increase
in accrued 
pension 
during the 
year (net of
inflation)4
£000

Age at 31 
March 2011

Transfer 
value of 
increase 
in accrued 
pension 
(net of  
inflation)  
less 
director’s
contribu-
tions5
£000

Transfer 
value of 
accrued 
pension at 
start
of period6
£000

Transfer 
value of 
accrued 
pension at
year-end7
£000

Increase  
in transfer 
value for  
the period, 
less 
director’s
contribu-
tions8
£000

Director
Tim Lodge

46 

181

11

13

6

70

2 268

2 759

480

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

 The figure represents the amount of pension benefits, based on service, pensionable earnings and, where appropriate, transferred pension 
rights, which would have been preserved for Tim Lodge had he left service on 31 March 2011.

 The figure represents the contributions paid over the year.

 The figure represents the difference between the total accrued pension at 31 March 2011 and the corresponding accrued pension at the 
beginning of the year. No allowance is made for inflation.

 The figure represents the difference between the accrued pension at 31 March 2011 and the corresponding accrued pension at the 
beginning of the year. The figures quoted include an adjustment for inflation in accordance with the Listing Rules of the UK Listing Authority.

 The figure represents the transfer value of the inflation-adjusted increase in the total accrued pension for the year, net of the director’s  
own contributions. We have used September 2010 RPI price inflation as our measure of inflation.

 The figure represents the transfer value of the accumulated total accrued pension as at the beginning of the year.

 The figure represents the transfer value of the accumulated total accrued pension at 31 March 2011.

 The figure represents the increase in the transfer value from the beginning of the year to 31 March 2011. The transfer values quoted  
have been calculated using the actuarial bases which applied at each reporting date, net of the director’s own contributions.

Directors’ interests (audited)
The interests held by each person who was a director at the end of the financial year in the ordinary shares 
of 25 pence each in the Company are shown below. All of the interests set out in the table are beneficially 
held and no director had interests in any class of shares other than ordinary shares. The table also 
summarises the interests in shares held through the Company’s various share plans.

Chairman
Sir Peter Gershon
Executive directors
Javed Ahmed
Tim Lodge
Non-executive	
directors
Liz Airey
William Camp
Evert Henkes
Douglas Hurt
Robert Walker
Barry Zoumas

Ordinary shares

LTI2

Options3

As at
1 April 20101
(number)

As at  
31 March 2011
(number)

As at
1 April 20101
(number)

As at  
31 March 2011
(number)

As at
1 April 20101
(number)

As at  
31 March 2011
(number)

35 255

58 975

–

–

100 000
27 246

611 252
43 763

1 708 1164
204 522

2 181 1584
414 908

16 000
–
1 016
–
10 429
27 000

16 000
–
1 065
5 000
10 935
27 000

–
–
–
–
–
–

–
–
–
–
–
–

–

3 720
4 253

–
–
–
–
–
–

–

3 720
4 253

–
–
–
–
–
–

1  Or date of appointment if later.

2 

 Includes shares awarded under the PSP, DBSP and the special arrangements that were put in place to facilitate Javed Ahmed’s recruitment 
which are subject to performance conditions.

3  Granted under the Sharesave Scheme.

4 

Includes 419,403 shares which are not subject to performance conditions (see page 55 for details).

There were no changes in directors’ interests in the period from 1 April 2011 to 26 May 2011.

On behalf of the Board

Evert Henkes
Chairman of the Remuneration Committee

26 May 2011

56   Tate & Lyle Annual Report 2011

Governance Other statutory and governance information

Principal activities of the Group
The principal activities of Tate & Lyle PLC and 
its subsidiary and associated undertakings 
together with its joint ventures are developing, 
manufacturing and marketing food and industrial 
ingredients made from renewable resources.

Results	and	dividend
A review of the results is on pages 1 to 31. An 
interim dividend of 6.8p per ordinary share was 
paid on 7 January 2011. The directors recommend 
a final dividend of 16.9p per ordinary share to be 
paid on 5 August 2011 to shareholders on the 
register on 1 July 2011, subject to approval at the 
2011 Annual General Meeting (AGM). The scrip 
dividend scheme has been closed and a dividend 
reinvestment plan is being offered. The total 
dividend for the year is 23.7p per ordinary  
share (2010 – 22.9p).

Articles of Association
The Articles of Association set out the internal 
regulation of the Company and cover such matters 
as the rights of shareholders, the appointment 
or removal of directors and the conduct of the 
Board and general meetings. Copies are available 
on request and are displayed on the Company’s 
website at www.tateandlyle.com.

In accordance with the Articles of Association, 
directors can be appointed or removed by the 
Board or by shareholders in general meeting. 
Amendments to the Articles of Association have 
to be approved by at least 75% of those voting 
in person or by proxy at a general meeting of 
the Company. Subject to UK company law and 
the Articles of Association, the directors may 
exercise all the powers of the Company, and 
may delegate authorities to committees, and 
day-to-day management and decision making to 
individual executive directors. Details of the Board 
Committees can be found on pages 40 to 44.

Shareholders’ rights
Holders of ordinary shares have the rights 
accorded to them under UK company law, 
including the rights to receive the Company’s 
annual report and accounts, attend and speak  
at general meetings, appoint proxies and  
exercise voting rights.

Holders of preference shares have limited voting 
rights	and	may	not	vote	on:	the	disposal	of	surplus	
profits after the dividend on the preference shares 
has been provided for; the election of directors; 
their remuneration; any agreement between the 
directors and the Company; or the alteration of 
the Articles of Association dealing with any such 
matters. Further details regarding the rights and 
obligations attached to share classes are contained 
in the Articles of Association, available on  
www.tateandlyle.com.

Restrictions	on	holding	shares
There are no restrictions on the transfer of 
shares and prior approval is not required from 
the Company nor from other holders for such a 
transfer. No limitations are placed on the holding of 
shares and no share class carries special rights of 
control of the Company. There are no restrictions 
on voting rights other than those outlined above  
on preference shares.

The Company is not aware of any agreements 
between shareholders that may restrict the transfer 
or exercise of voting rights.

Re-election	of	directors	
The Company’s Articles of Association require 
all directors to seek re-election by shareholders 
at least once every three years. In addition, any 
directors appointed by the Board must stand for 
re-election at the first AGM following his or her 
appointment. Any non-executive directors who 
have served for more than nine years are subject  
to annual re-election. 

As explained on page 35, the UK Corporate 
Governance Code provides that all directors 
should seek re-election on an annual basis and 
accordingly, all directors will seek re-election at the 
forthcoming AGM. The directors standing for re-
election, with the exception of Javed Ahmed and 
Tim Lodge, do not have service contracts.

At no time during the year has any director had any 
material interest in a contract with the Group, being 
a contract of significance in relation to the Group’s 
business. A statement of directors’ interests in 
Company shares is on page 56.

Directors’ indemnities and insurance cover 
As at the date of this report, indemnities are in 
force under which the Company has agreed to 
indemnify the directors, to the extent permitted 
by the Companies Act 2006, against claims from 
third parties in respect of certain liabilities arising 
out of, or in connection with, the execution of their 
powers, duties and responsibilities as directors 
of the Company or any of its subsidiaries. The 
directors are also indemnified against the cost of 
defending a criminal prosecution or a claim by the 
Company, its subsidiaries or a regulator provided 
that where the defence is unsuccessful the director 
must repay those defence costs. These indemnities 
are qualifying indemnity provisions for the purposes 
of Sections 232 to 234 of the Companies Act 
2006 and copies are available for inspection at the 
registered office of the Company during business 
hours on any weekday except public holidays. 
Equivalent indemnities remain in force for Richard 
Delbridge, who ceased to be a director on  
22 July 2010.

The Company also maintains directors’ and 
officers’ liability insurance cover, the level of  
which is reviewed annually.

Tate & Lyle Annual Report 2011   57

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Governance Other statutory and governance information

Essential contracts and other arrangements
In light of the scope and diversity of the Group’s 
activities, there are no contracts or arrangements 
considered to be essential to the operation of the 
business or the Group as a whole.

Research	and	development
The Group spent £25 million (2010 – £26 million)  
on research and development during the year.

Donations
Worldwide charitable donations during the year 
totalled £346,000 (2010 – £714,000), of which 
£19,000 (2010 – £379,000) was donated in the 
UK. More details of the Group’s community 
involvement can be found on page 31.

Again this year, in line with the Group’s policy,  
no political donations were made in the European 
Union (EU). Outside the EU, the Group’s US 
business made contributions during the year 
totalling US$27,000 (£17,000) (2010 – US$47,000; 
£29,000) to state and national political party 
committees and to the campaign committees 
of state candidates affiliated to the major 
parties. The total includes US$17,000 (£11,000) 
(2010 – US$13,000; £8,000) contributed by the 
Tate & Lyle Political Action Committee (PAC). The 
PAC is funded entirely by US employees. Employee 
contributions are entirely voluntary and no pressure 
is placed on US employees to participate. No funds 
are provided to the PAC by Tate & Lyle but under 
US law, an employee-funded PAC must bear the 
name of the employing company.

Payment to suppliers
Group policy is that, wherever possible, all  
wholly-owned companies around the world follow 
the CBI Prompt Payers’ Code (Code). The Code 
requires the Company to agree terms of payment 
with suppliers, to ensure suppliers are aware of 
those terms, and to abide by them. Our policy is, 
wherever possible, to apply the requirements of  
the Code to wholly-owned companies around  
the world.

Tate & Lyle PLC is a holding company and had 
no amounts owing to trade creditors at 31 March 
2011. The Group’s creditor days outstanding at 
31 March 2011 were 48 days (2010 – 53 days), 
based on the ratio of Group trade creditors at the 
end of the year to the amounts invoiced during  
the year by trade creditors.

Share capital 
At 31 March 2011, the Company had nominal 
issued ordinary and preference share capital of  
£119 million comprising £117 million in ordinary 
shares, including £0.04 million in treasury shares, 
and £2 million in preference shares.

To satisfy obligations under the scrip dividend 
scheme and employee share plans, the Company 
issued 7,535,640 ordinary shares during the 
year and reissued 337,162 ordinary shares from 
treasury. The Company issued 5,883 ordinary 
shares during the period from 1 April 2011 to  
26 May 2011. Further information about share 
capital is in Note 24. Information about options 
granted under the Company’s employee share 
schemes is in Note 26.

The Company was given authority at the 
2010 AGM to make market purchases of up 
to 46,006,320 of its own ordinary shares. The 
Company made no such purchases during the year 
ended 31 March 2011. This authority will expire at 
the 2011 AGM and approval will be sought from 
shareholders for a similar authority to be given  
for a further year.

Substantial shareholdings
As at 26 May 2011, the Company had been notified 
under Rule 5 of the Disclosure and Transparency 
Rules of the Financial Services Authority of the 
following	holdings	of	voting	rights	in	its	shares:

INVESCO Limited
Lloyds Banking Group plc
Schroders plc
Blackrock, Inc
AXA S.A.
Global AEGON Asset  
    Management Group 
Lehman Brothers  

International (Europe)
Legal & General Group plc
Barclays Global Investors

Number  
of shares

65 321 630
32 340 632
24 024 911
23 330 220
22 890 148

18 718 460

18 122 510
18 062 288
17 568 133

% held

13.96
6.91
5.16
4.99
4.98

4.00

3.95
3.93
3.59

Change of control 
The Company has a committed bank facility of 
US$1 billion, which matures in 2012. Under the 
terms of this facility, the banks can give notice to 
Tate & Lyle to prepay outstanding amounts and 
cancel the commitments where there is a change 
of control of the Company. The Company is the 
guarantor of a £200 million bond issue by its 
subsidiary, Tate & Lyle International Finance PLC 
dated 25 November 2009, which is repayable 
in 2019. Under the terms of the bond issue, 
noteholders have the option to request an early 
repayment where there is a change of control  
of the Company.

All of the Company’s share schemes contain 
provisions relating to a change of control.  
Further information is on page 50.

58   Tate & Lyle Annual Report 2011

 
 
 
   
 
 
Governance Directors’ statement of responsibilities

The directors are responsible for preparing the 
annual report, the Directors’ remuneration report 
and the Group and the Parent company financial 
statements in accordance with applicable law  
and regulations.

The directors are responsible for the  
maintenance and integrity of the Company’s 
website. UK legislation governing the preparation 
and dissemination of financial statements may 
differ from legislation in other jurisdictions.

Each of the directors, whose names and functions 
are listed on pages 32 and 33, confirms that, to  
the	best	of	his	or	her	knowledge:

•	

• 

	the	Group	financial	statements,	which	have	
been prepared in accordance with IFRSs as 
adopted by the EU, give a true and fair view 
of the assets, liabilities, financial position and 
profit of the Group; and

 the business review contained in the 
directors’ report includes a fair review of the 
development and performance of the business 
and the position of the Group, together 
with a description of the principal risks and 
uncertainties that it faces.

Disclosure of information to auditors
So far as each director is aware, there is no 
relevant audit information of which the Company’s 
auditors are unaware; and he or she has taken all 
the steps that he or she ought to have taken as a 
director in order to make himself or herself aware 
of any relevant audit information and to establish 
that the Company’s auditors are aware of that 
information.

The Directors’ report on pages 1 to 59 of this 
annual report was approved by the directors on  
26 May 2011.

On behalf of the Board

Robert	Gibber 
Company Secretary

26 May 2011

Company law requires the directors to prepare 
financial statements for each financial year. 
Under that law the directors have prepared the 
Group financial statements in accordance with 
International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs) 
as adopted by the EU, and the Parent company 
financial statements in accordance with applicable 
law and UK Accounting Standards (UK Generally 
Accepted Accounting Practice). Under company 
law, the directors must not approve the financial 
statements unless they are satisfied that they give 
a true and fair view of the state of affairs of the 
Company and the Group and of the profit or  
loss of the Group for that period.

In preparing these financial statements,  
the	directors	are	required	to:

•	

•	

•	

	select	suitable	accounting	policies	and	then	
apply them consistently;

	make	judgements	and	accounting	estimates	 
that are reasonable and prudent;

		state	whether	IFRSs	as	adopted	by	the	EU,	
and with regard to the Parent company 
financial statements applicable UK Accounting 
Standards, have been followed, subject to any 
material departures disclosed and explained 
in the Group and Parent company financial 
statements; and

•	

	prepare	the	Group	and	Parent	company	 
financial statements on the going concern basis 
unless it is inappropriate to presume that the 
Group will continue in business. 

The directors are responsible for keeping adequate 
accounting records that are sufficient to show and 
explain the transactions of the Company and the 
Group and disclose with reasonable accuracy at 
any time the financial position of the Company 
and the Group, and enable them to ensure that the 
financial statements and the Directors’ remuneration 
report comply with the Companies Act 2006 and, 
as regards the Group financial statements, Article 4 
of the IAS Regulation. They are also responsible for 
safeguarding the assets of the Company and the 
Group and hence for taking reasonable steps for  
the prevention and detection of fraud and  
other irregularities.

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Tate & Lyle Annual Report 2011   59

 
 
 
Independent Auditors’ Report to the Members of Tate & Lyle PLC

We have audited the Group financial statements of Tate & Lyle PLC 
for the year ended 31 March 2011 which comprise the Consolidated 
income statement, the Consolidated statement of comprehensive 
income, the Consolidated statement of financial position, Consolidated 
statement of cash flows, the Consolidated statement of changes 
in shareholders’ equity and the related Notes to the consolidated 
financial statements. The financial reporting framework that has been 
applied in their preparation is applicable law and International Financial 
Reporting Standards (IFRSs) as adopted by the European Union. 

Respective responsibilities of directors and auditors 
As explained more fully in the Directors’ statement of responsibilities 
on page 59, the Directors are responsible for the preparation of the 
Group financial statements and for being satisfied that they give a true 
and fair view. Our responsibility is to audit and express an opinion on 
the Group financial statements in accordance with applicable law and 
International Standards on Auditing (UK and Ireland). Those standards 
require us to comply with the Auditing Practices Board’s Ethical 
Standards for Auditors. 

This report, including the opinions, has been prepared for and only for 
the Company’s members as a body in accordance with Chapter 3 of 
Part 16 of the Companies Act 2006 and for no other purpose. We do 
not, in giving these opinions, accept or assume responsibility for any 
other purpose or to any other person to whom this report is shown or 
into whose hands it may come save where expressly agreed by our 
prior consent in writing.

Scope of the audit of the financial statements 
An audit involves obtaining evidence about the amounts and 
disclosures in the financial statements sufficient to give reasonable 
assurance that the financial statements are free from material 
misstatement, whether caused by fraud or error. This includes an 
assessment of: whether the accounting policies are appropriate to 
the Group’s circumstances and have been consistently applied and 
adequately disclosed; the reasonableness of significant accounting 
estimates made by the Directors; and the overall presentation of the 
financial statements. In addition, we read all the financial and non-
financial information in the Annual Report 2011 to identify material 
inconsistencies with the audited financial statements. If we become 
aware of any apparent material misstatements or inconsistencies  
we consider the implications for our report.

Opinion on financial statements 
In our opinion the Group financial statements: 

n 

n 

n 

 give a true and fair view of the state of the Group’s affairs as at  
31 March 2011 and of its profit and cash flows for the year  
then ended; 
 have been properly prepared in accordance with IFRSs as 
adopted by the European Union; and 
 have been prepared in accordance with the requirements of the 
Companies Act 2006 and Article 4 of the lAS Regulation. 

Opinion on other matters prescribed by the  
Companies Act 2006 
In our opinion:

n 

 the information given in the Annual Report 2011 for the financial 
year for which the Group financial statements are prepared is 
consistent with the Group financial statements. 

Matters on which we are required to report by exception 
We have nothing to report in respect of the following: 

Under the Companies Act 2006 we are required to report to you if,  
in our opinion: 

n 

n 

 certain disclosures of Directors’ remuneration specified by law  
are not made; or 
 we have not received all the information and explanations  
we require for our audit.

Under the Listing Rules we are required to review: 

n 

n 

n 

 the Directors’ statement, set out on page 25, in relation to going 
concern; 
 the part of the Corporate governance statement relating to the 
Company’s compliance with the nine provisions of the June 2008 
Combined Code specified for our review; and
 certain elements of the report to shareholders by the Board on 
Directors’ remuneration. 

Other matter 
We have reported separately on the Parent company financial 
statements of Tate & Lyle PLC for the year ended 31 March 2011  
and on the information in the Directors’ remuneration report that  
is described as having been audited.

Paul Cragg (Senior Statutory Auditor)
for and on behalf of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
Chartered Accountants and Statutory Auditors 
London  
26 May 2011

Note: 
(a)   the maintenance and integrity of the Tate & Lyle PLC website, and any 
other electronic media used to present the financial statements, is the 
responsibility of the Directors; the work carried out by the auditors does  
not involve consideration of these matters and, accordingly, the auditors 
accept no responsibility for any changes that may have occurred to the 
financial statements since they were initially presented on the website  
or any other electronic media.

(b)   legislation in the United Kingdom governing the preparation and 

dissemination of financial statements may differ from legislation in  
other jurisdictions.

60   Tate & Lyle Annual Report 2011

Consolidated income statement

Continuing operations
Sales

Operating profit/(loss)
Finance income
Finance expense

Profit/(loss) before tax
Income tax (expense)/credit

Profit/(loss) for the year from continuing operations
(Loss)/profit for the year from discontinued operations

Profit for the year

Profit for the year attributable to:
– equity holders of the Company
– non-controlling interests 

Earnings per share attributable to the equity holders of the Company  
from continuing and discontinued operations:
– basic
– diluted

Earnings/(loss) per share attributable to the equity holders of the Company  
from continuing operations:
– basic
– diluted

Dividends per share:
– interim paid
– final proposed

Analysis of adjusted profit before tax from continuing operations

Profit/(loss) before tax
Add back:
– exceptional items
– amortisation of acquired intangible assets

Adjusted profit before tax, exceptional items and amortisation of acquired intangible assets

The notes on pages 66 to 111 form part of these Group financial statements.

Notes

4, 5

4, 6
10
10

11

12

13

13

14

7
15

Year to 31 March
2010
£m

2011
£m

2 720

2 533

303
3
(61)

245
(49)

196
(29)

167 

163
4

167

(44)
2
(74)

(116)
95

(21)
40

19

15
4

19

pence

pence

35.3
34.7

42.6
41.9

6.8
16.9

23.7 

£m

245

5
13

263

3.3
3.3

(4.7)
(4.7)

6.8
16.1

22.9

£m

(116)

298
14

196

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Tate & Lyle Annual Report 2011   61

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated statement of comprehensive income

Profit for the year

Actuarial gains/(losses) in post-employment benefit plans
Net fair value gains on cash flow hedges
Cash flow hedges reclassified and reported in the income statement during the year
Valuation gain/(losses) on available-for-sale financial assets
Net exchange differences
Items recycled to the income statement on disposal
Deferred tax relating to the above components

Other comprehensive income/(expense) for the year, net of tax

Total comprehensive income/(expense) for the year

Attributable to:
– equity holders of the Company
– non-controlling interests

The notes on pages 66 to 111 form part of these Group financial statements.

Notes

30

18

11

Year to 31 March
2010
£m

19

(104)
13
11
(10)
(10)
–
25

(75)

(56)

(59)
3

(56)

2011
£m

167

58
9
9
1
(37)
(23)
–

17

184

181
3

184

62   Tate & Lyle Annual Report 2011

 
 
 
Consolidated statement of financial position

ASSETS
Non-current assets
Goodwill and other intangible assets
Property, plant and equipment
Investments in associates
Available-for-sale financial assets
Derivative financial instruments
Deferred tax assets
Trade and other receivables
Retirement benefit surplus

Current assets
Inventories
Trade and other receivables
Current tax assets
Derivative financial instruments
Cash and cash equivalents

Assets held for sale

TOTAL ASSETS

SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Capital and reserves attributable to the equity holders of the Company 
Share capital
Share premium
Capital redemption reserve
Other reserves
Retained earnings

Non-controlling interests

TOTAL SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

LIABILITIES
Non-current liabilities
Trade and other payables
Borrowings
Derivative financial instruments
Deferred tax liabilities
Retirement benefit deficit
Provisions for other liabilities and charges

Current liabilities
Trade and other payables
Current tax liabilities
Borrowings and bank overdrafts
Derivative financial instruments
Provisions for other liabilities and charges

Liabilities held for sale

TOTAL LIABILITIES

Notes

15
16
17
18
20
29
23
30

22
23

20
33

38

24
24

25

27
28
20
29
30
31

27

28
20
31

38

TOTAL SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY AND LIABILITIES

The Group financial statements were approved by the Board of Directors on 26 May 2011 and signed on its behalf by:

Javed Ahmed, Tim Lodge 

Directors

The notes on pages 66 to 111 form part of these Group financial statements.

2011
£m

320
855
5
19
48
74
1
103

1 425

454
291
25
135
654

1 559
67

1 626

3 051

117
406
8
175
244

950
23

973

1
887
56
30
242
21

1 237

406
33
227
126
44

836
5

841

2 078

3 051

31 March
2010
£m

340
1 208
7
14
49
143
2
16

1 779

409
424
4
150
504

1 491
18

1 509

3 288

115
405
8
220
79

827
27

854

1
1 119
67
59
273
37

1 556

485
52
190
125
26

878
–

878

2 434

3 288

Tate & Lyle Annual Report 2011   63

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Consolidated statement of cash flows

Cash flows from operating activities
Profit/(loss) before tax from continuing operations
Adjustments for:
– depreciation of property, plant and equipment
– exceptional items
– amortisation of intangible assets
– share-based payments charge
– finance income
– finance expense
Changes in working capital

Cash generated from continuing operations
Interest paid
Income tax paid
Cash (used in)/generated from discontinued operations

Net cash generated from operating activities

Cash flows from investing activities
Proceeds on disposal of property, plant and equipment
Interest received
Purchase of available-for-sale financial assets
Acquisitions of subsidiaries, net of cash acquired
Disposal of businesses, net of cash disposed
Purchase of property, plant and equipment
Purchase of intangible assets and other non-current assets
Net cash used in investing activities in discontinued operations

Net cash generated from/(used in) investing activities

Cash flows from financing activities
Proceeds from issuance of ordinary shares
Repurchase of ordinary shares
Cash inflow from additional borrowings
Cash outflow from repayment of borrowings
Cash outflow from repayment of capital element of finance leases
Dividends paid to the Company’s equity holders
Net cash used in financing activities in discontinued operations

Net cash used in financing activities

Net increase in cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents
Balance at beginning of year
Effect of changes in foreign exchange rates
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents

Balance at end of year

The notes on pages 66 to 111 form part of these Group financial statements.

Notes

6
7
6
9
10
10
32

12

18
37
37

12

14
12

34

33

Year to 31 March
2010
£m

(116)

99
298
20
4
(2)
74
186

563
(61)
(30)
115

587

–
2
(3)
(21)
(26)
(60)
(5)
(18)

(131)

2
(6)
198
(417)
(3)
(103)
(47)

(376)

80

434
(10)
80

504

2011
£m

245

91
5
18
9
(3)
61
(101)

325
(49)
(31)
(100)

145

37
3
(5)
–
280
(58)
(12)
(5)

240

2
–
–
(129)
(2)
(70)
(18)

(217)

168 

504
(18)
168

654 

64   Tate & Lyle Annual Report 2011

  
Consolidated statement of changes in shareholders’ equity

Balance at 31 March 2009
Other comprehensive income/(expense)  

for the year
Profit for the year
Share-based payments charge,  

including tax
Share purchase
Proceeds from shares issued
Dividends paid
Scrip issue of shares for dividend

Balance at 31 March 2010

Other comprehensive (expense)/income  

for the year
Profit for the year
Share-based payments charge,  

including tax

Proceeds from shares issued
Dividends paid
Scrip issue of shares for dividend
Non-controlling interests disposed

Share capital 
and share 
premium 
(Note 24)
£m

519

–
–

–
–
1
–
–

520

–
–

–
1
–
2
–

Balance at 31 March 2011

523 

Capital 
redemption 
reserve
£m

8

–
–

–
–
–
–
–

8

–
–

–
–
–
–
–

8

Other  
reserves 
 (Note 25)
£m

219

1
–

–
–
–
–
–

220

(45)
–

–
–
–
–
–

175

Attributable 
to the equity 
holders of the 
Company
£m 

Retained 
earnings
£m

Non-
controlling 
interests
£m

Total equity
£m

241

(75)
15

6
(6)
1
(105)
2

79

63
163

10
1
(105)
33
–

244

987

(74)
15

6
(6)
2
(105)
2

827

18
163

10
2
(105)
35
–

950

26

1 013

(1)
4

–
–
–
(2)
–

27

(1)
4

–
–
(2)
–
(5)

23

(75)
19

6
(6)
2
(107)
2

854

17
167

10
2
(107)
35
(5)

973

Retained earnings at 31 March 2011 include a deduction for own shares held by the ESOP trust of £11 million (2010 – £12 million). 
All but 0.01 pence per share of the dividends arising on these shares have been waived by the trust.

The notes on pages 66 to 111 form part of these Group financial statements.

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Tate & Lyle Annual Report 2011   65

   
   
   
   
 
 
 
Notes to the consolidated financial statements

1  Presentation of financial statements

General information
The principal activity of Tate & Lyle PLC is the global provision of 
ingredients and solutions to the food, beverage and other industries.  
It operates from more than 30 production facilities around the world. 

The Company is a public limited company incorporated and domiciled 
in the United Kingdom. The Company has its primary listing on the 
London Stock Exchange.

Basis of preparation
These consolidated financial statements are presented on the basis 
of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs) adopted by 
the European Union and interpretations issued by the International 
Financial Reporting Interpretations Committee (IFRIC) and have been 
prepared in accordance with the Listing Rules of the UK Financial 
Services Authority and the Companies Act 2006, as applicable to 
companies reporting under IFRS. 

These consolidated financial statements have been prepared in 
accordance with the accounting policies set out in Note 2 and under 
the historical cost convention modified to include revaluation of certain 
financial instruments and commodities, share options and pension 
assets and liabilities.

These consolidated financial statements are presented in pounds 
sterling, which is the Group’s functional and presentational currency.

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with IFRS 
requires the use of certain critical accounting estimates. It also 
requires management to exercise its judgement in the process of 
applying the Company’s accounting policies. The areas involving 
a higher degree of judgement or complexity and areas where 
assumptions and estimates are significant to the consolidated  
financial statements are disclosed in Note 3.

The financial information for the year ended 31 March 2010 is  
derived from the statutory financial statements for that year, except 
certain comparative information has been re-presented to conform 
with the current year presentation.

Following a change in the organisational structure, the segments 
disclosed under the provisions of IFRS 8 Operating Segments have 
been changed to Speciality Food Ingredients, Bulk Ingredients, Sugars 
and Central costs. The comparative segmental information for the  
year ended 31 March 2010 has been reclassified. 

Following the disposal of the EU Sugar Refining operations 
(‘EU Sugars’) to American Sugar Refining, Inc, the sale of Molasses 
to W&R Barnett Ltd and the announcement of the proposed sale 
of Vietnam Sugar and commitment to sell the Israel operations, the 
Sugars segment has been reclassified as discontinued operations in 
the current and comparative periods. In the current year, the assets 
and liabilities of Vietnam Sugar and the sugar operations in Israel have 
been included within assets and liabilities held for sale.

There is no overall effect on the Group’s comparative income 
statement, net assets or overall cash flows from continuing operations 
from these re-presentations.

Use of adjusted measures
Tate & Lyle presents adjusted profit before tax and adjusted earnings 
per share information. These measures are used by Tate & Lyle 
for internal performance analysis and incentive compensation 
arrangements for employees. The terms ‘adjusted’ and ‘exceptional 
items’ are not defined terms under IFRS and may therefore not 
be comparable with similarly titled measures reported by other 
companies. They are not intended to be a substitute for, or superior 
to, GAAP measurements of profit. The term ‘adjusted’ refers to the 
relevant measure being reported, excluding exceptional items and the 
amortisation of intangible assets arising on acquisition of businesses. 
A reconciliation of statutory to adjusted information is provided  
in Note 43.

66   Tate & Lyle Annual Report 2011

New IFRS standards and interpretations adopted
From 1 April 2010 the Group has adopted the following new and 
amended IFRSs and IFRIC interpretations:

– 
− 
− 

− 
− 

− 

− 

− 
− 

IFRS 1 (revised) First time adoption
IFRIC 17 Distribution of Non-cash Assets to Owners
 Amendment to IAS 27 (revised) Consolidated and Separate  
Financial Statements
IFRS 3 (revised) Business Combinations
 IFRS 2 Share-based Payment – group cash-settled share-based 
payment transactions
 Amendment to IAS 32 Financial Instruments: Presentation  
on classification of rights issues
 Amendment to IAS 39 Financial Instruments: Recognition and 
Measurement – eligible hedged items 
IFRIC 18 Transfer of Assets from Customers
IFRIC 16 Hedges of a net investment in a foreign operation.

The revised IFRS 3 Business Combinations includes the immediate 
expensing of acquisition-related costs rather than inclusion in goodwill, 
and the recognition and measurement at fair value of contingent 
consideration at acquisition date with subsequent changes to income. 

The adoption of these revised standards has not had a material 
impact on the Group’s profit for the year and equity. 

New IFRS standards and interpretations not adopted 
The following standards, amendments and interpretations are not  
yet effective and have not been adopted early by the Group:

IFRS 9 Financial Instruments: Classification and Measurement 

− 
−  Amendment to IAS 24 Related Party Disclosures
− 

 Amendments to IFRIC 14, IAS 19, Prepayments of a Minimum  
Funding Requirement
IFRIC 19 Extinguishing Financial Liabilities with Equity Instruments 
IFRS Annual Improvements 2010
 Amendment to IFRS 7 Financial Instruments: Disclosures  
on derecognition 
 Amendments to IFRS 1 First time adoption – financial  
instrument disclosures

− 
– 
− 

− 

The adoption of these standards, amendments and interpretations is 
not expected to have a material impact on the Group’s profit for those 
years or equity. The adoptions may affect disclosures in the Group’s 
financial statements.

In November 2009, the IASB issued IFRS 9 Financial Instruments: 
Classification and Measurement which altered the classification 
and measurement of financial instruments. Under the new standard 
only two possible classifications arise, rather than the four existing 
classifications currently available under IAS 39, and will result in all 
financial assets being valued at amortised cost or fair value through 
profit and loss. In October 2010, the IASB issued additions to IFRS 
9 relating to financial liabilities. The main change in the additions is 
that in cases where the fair value option is taken for financial liabilities, 
the part of a fair value change due to an entity’s own credit risk is 
recorded in other comprehensive income rather than the income 
statement, unless this creates an accounting mismatch. The standard 
is not mandatory before 2013 year-ends and is yet to be endorsed  
by the European Union. The adoption of this standard may impact  
the Group’s profit, equity and disclosures in the Group’s  
financial statements. 

On 12 May, 2011, the IASB issued IFRS 10 Consolidated Financial 
Statements, IFRS 11 Joint Arrangements and IFRS 12 Disclosure of 
Interests in Other Entities which are all effective for accounting periods 
beginning on or after 1 January 2013. The Group is still continuing 
to assess the impact of these standards but initial assessments 
suggest that while net profit and net assets will remain unchanged, the 
presentation of the Consolidated Income Statement and Consolidated 
Statement of Financial Position will change significantly as IFRS 11 
prohibits the proportional consolidation of Joint Arrangements. 

The parent company, Tate & Lyle PLC, has not adopted IFRS as its 
statutory reporting basis. Audited financial statements for the parent 
company, prepared in accordance with UK GAAP, are set out on 
pages 112 to 117.

 
2  Group accounting policies 

Basis of consolidation
(a)  Subsidiaries
Subsidiaries are all entities over which the Group has the power to 
govern the financial and operating policies, generally accompanying 
a shareholding of more than one half of the voting rights and taking 
into account the existence of potential voting rights. Subsidiaries are 
fully consolidated from the date on which control is transferred to the 
Group. They are de-consolidated from the date that control ceases. 
The purchase method of accounting is used to account for the 
acquisition of subsidiaries by the Group. The recognised identifiable 
assets, liabilities and contingent liabilities of a subsidiary are measured 
at their fair values at the date of acquisition. The interest of minority 
shareholders is stated at the non-controlling interest’s proportion 
of the fair values of the identifiable assets, liabilities and contingent 
liabilities recognised. Where necessary, adjustments are made to the 
financial statements of subsidiaries to bring the accounting policies 
used into line with those used by the Group. All inter-company 
transactions and balances between Group entities are eliminated  
on consolidation.

(b) Transactions and non-controlling interests
The group treats transactions with non-controlling interests as 
transactions with equity owners of the group. For purchases from  
non-controlling interests, the difference between any consideration 
paid and the relevant share acquired of the carrying value of net 
assets of the subsidiary is recorded in equity. Gains or losses on 
disposals to non-controlling interests are also recorded in equity.

(c)  Joint ventures
An entity is regarded as a joint venture if the Group has joint control 
over its operating and financial policies. The Group’s interests in jointly-
controlled entities are accounted for by proportionate consolidation, 
whereby the Group’s share of the joint ventures’ income and 
expenses, assets and liabilities and cash flows are combined on a 
line-by-line basis with similar items in the Group’s financial statements. 
Where necessary, adjustments are made to the financial statements  
of joint ventures to bring the accounting policies used into line with 
those used by the Group. The Group recognises the portion of gains 
or losses on the sale of assets to the joint venture that is attributable 
to the other venturers. The Group does not recognise its share of 
profits or losses from the joint venture that result from the Group’s 
purchase of assets from the joint venture until it resells the assets 
to an external entity. However, if a loss on the transaction provides 
evidence of a reduction in the net realisable value of current assets,  
or an impairment loss, the loss is recognised immediately.

(d)  Associates
An entity is regarded as an associate if the Group has significant 
influence, but not control, over its operating and financial policies. 
Significant influence generally exists where the Group holds more than 
20% and less than 50% of the shareholders’ voting rights. Associates 
are accounted for under the equity method whereby the Group’s 
income statement includes its share of their profits and losses and 
the Group’s statement of financial position includes its share of their 
net assets. Where necessary, adjustments are made to the financial 
statements of associates to bring the accounting policies used 
into line with those used by the Group. When the Group’s share of 
losses in an associate equals or exceeds its interest in the associate, 
including any other unsecured receivables, the Group does not 
recognise further losses, unless it has incurred obligations or made 
payments on behalf of the associate. Unrealised gains on transactions 
between the group and its associates are eliminated to the extent 
of the Group’s interest in the associate. Unrealised losses are also 
eliminated on the same basis unless the transaction provides  
evidence of an impairment of the asset transferred.

Foreign currency translation
(a)  Functional and presentational currency
Items included in the financial statements of each of the Group’s 
entities are measured using the currency of the primary economic 
environment in which the entity operates (the ‘functional currency’). 
The consolidated financial statements are presented in pounds 
sterling, which is the Group’s presentational currency.

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(b)  Transactions and balances
Foreign currency transactions are translated into the functional 
currency using the exchange rates prevailing at the dates of the 
transactions. Foreign exchange gains and losses resulting from the 
settlement of such transactions and from the translation at period 
end exchange rates of monetary assets and liabilities denominated 
in foreign currencies are recognised in the income statement, except 
when deferred in equity as qualifying cash flow hedges and  
qualifying net investment hedges.

(c)  Group entities
From 1 April 2004, the results and financial position of all the Group’s 
entities that have a functional currency different from the presentational 
currency are translated into the presentation currency as follows:

(i)    assets and liabilities, including goodwill and fair value adjustments 
for each statement of financial position presented, are translated at 
the closing rate at the date of that statement of financial position;

(ii)   income and expenses for each income statement (including 

components of comprehensive income) are translated at weighted 
average exchange rates as a reasonable approximation to the 
rates prevailing on the transaction dates; and

(iii)   all resulting exchange differences are recognised as a separate 

component of equity.

Prior to 1 April 2004, exchange differences were recognised in 
retained earnings.

On consolidation, exchange differences arising from borrowings 
and other currency instruments designated as hedges of such 
investments, are taken to equity.

When a foreign operation is sold, such exchange differences that 
have accumulated since 1 April 2004 are recognised in the income 
statement as part of the gain or loss on sale. These exchange 
differences comprise the exchange differences on all amounts 
deemed to be part of the net investment in the foreign operation, 
which are recycled to the income statement when a disposal occurs.

Property, plant and equipment
Land and buildings mainly comprise manufacturing sites and 
administrative facilities.

Property, plant and equipment is stated at historical cost less 
depreciation and impairment. Historical cost includes expenditure 
that is directly attributable to the acquisition of the items. Subsequent 
costs are included in the asset’s carrying amount or recognised as a 
separate asset, as appropriate, only when it is probable that future 
economic benefits associated with the expenditure will flow to the 
Group and the cost of the item can be measured reliably. All repairs 
and maintenance expenditures are charged to the income statement 
during the financial period in which they are incurred.

Depreciation is calculated using the straight-line method to allocate 
the cost or revalued amount of each asset to its residual value over  
its useful economic life as follows:

Freehold land:  
Freehold buildings:  
Leasehold property:  
Bulk liquid storage tanks:  
Plant and machinery:  

No depreciation
20 to 50 years
Period of the lease
12 to 20 years
3 to 28 years

The assets’ residual values and useful lives are reviewed at each 
statement of financial position date and adjusted if appropriate.  
An asset’s carrying amount is written down immediately to its 
recoverable amount if the asset’s carrying amount is greater than  
its estimated recoverable amount.

Gains and losses on disposals are determined by comparing the 
disposal proceeds with the carrying amount and are included in the 
income statement.

Leased assets
Leases of property, plant and equipment where the Group assumes 
substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership are classified as 
finance leases. Assets held under finance leases are capitalised at the 
lower of the fair value of the leased asset and the present value of the 
minimum lease payments. The corresponding leasing commitments, 
net of finance charges, are included in liabilities.

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Tate & Lyle Annual Report 2011   67

 
 
 
Notes to the consolidated financial statements

2  Group accounting policies (continued) 

Leasing payments are analysed between capital and interest 
components so that the interest element is charged to the income 
statement over the period of the lease at a constant periodic rate of 
interest on the remaining balance of the liability outstanding.

Depreciation on assets held under finance leases is charged to the 
income statement, and depreciated over the shorter of the lease term 
and its useful life.

All other leases are treated as operating leases with annual rentals 
charged to the income statement, net of any incentives granted to the 
lessee, over the term of the lease.

Intangible assets
(a)  Goodwill
Goodwill is calculated as the difference between the fair value of the 
consideration exchanged in a business combination, excluding directly 
attributable acquisition costs, and the net fair values of the identifiable 
assets and liabilities acquired and is capitalised. Goodwill is tested for 
impairment annually and whenever there is an indication of impairment 
and is carried at cost less accumulated impairment losses.

Where the acquired interest in the net fair value of the identifiable 
assets and liabilities exceeds the cost of the business combination, 
the excess is recognised immediately in the income statement.

Gains and losses on the disposal of a business component include 
the carrying amount of goodwill relating to the entity sold.

Goodwill is allocated to cash-generating units for the purpose of 
impairment testing. The allocation is made to those cash-generating 
units or groups of cash-generating units that are expected to benefit 
from the business combination in which the goodwill arose.

(b)  Patents and other intellectual property
Patents and other intellectual property are shown at historical cost 
less accumulated amortisation and impairment losses. Where the 
assets are acquired as part of a business combination, historical 
cost is based on their fair values as at the date of the combination. 
Amortisation of the assets is recognised on a straight-line basis over 
the period of their expected benefit which ranges from 5 to 15 years.

(c)  Other acquired intangible assets
Other acquired intangible assets are intangible assets arising on 
consolidation of acquired businesses and include brands, recipes, 
customer relationships and supplier networks. Amortisation of the 
assets is recognised on a straight-line basis over the period of their 
expected benefit which ranges from 5 to 15 years.

(d)  Other intangible assets
Other intangible assets mainly include certain development 
expenditure and software costs. Costs incurred on development 
projects (relating to the design and testing of new or improved 
products) are recognised as intangible assets when the IAS 38 
recognition criteria are met. Capitalised development costs are 
amortised from the commencement of the commercial production 
of the product on a straight-line basis over the period of its expected 
benefit. Research and other development expenditures are 
recognised as an expense as incurred. Development costs previously 
recognised as an expense are not recognised as an asset in a 
subsequent period.

Impairment
Assets that have an indefinite useful life are not subject to amortisation 
and are tested at least annually for impairment. In addition, assets 
in the course of construction are not depreciated and are subject to 
annual impairment review. Assets that are subject to amortisation 
or depreciation are reviewed for impairment whenever events or 
changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying amounts may 
not be recoverable. An impairment loss is recognised for the amount 
by which the asset’s carrying amount exceeds its recoverable 
amount. Non-financial assets other than goodwill that suffered an 
impairment in previous periods are reviewed for possible reversal of 
the impairment at each reporting date. The recoverable amount is the 
higher of an asset’s fair value less costs to sell and value in use. 

68   Tate & Lyle Annual Report 2011

For the purposes of assessing impairment, assets other than goodwill 
are grouped at the lowest levels for which there are separately 
identifiable cash inflows. Goodwill is allocated to units expected to 
benefit from the synergies of the business combinations. Further 
details are given in Note 3.

Financial instruments
(a)  Available-for-sale financial assets
Equity instruments held by the Group and designated as available-for-
sale are carried at fair value, with movements in fair value recognised 
directly in equity. Where fair value cannot be reliably measured, the 
assets are approximated at cost. Cumulative fair value gains or losses 
on an asset are recycled through the income statement when the 
asset is disposed or impaired. A significant or prolonged decline in the 
fair value of the security below its cost is considered as an indicator 
that the securities are impaired. Impairments are recognised in the 
income statement.

(b)  Loans and receivables
Non-current and current receivables and loans granted are recognised 
initially at fair value and thereafter carried at amortised cost less 
provisions for impairment. Movements in carrying value are recognised 
in the income statement.

(c)  Borrowings
Borrowings are recognised initially at fair value, net of transaction 
costs incurred. Where borrowings are designated as hedged items 
under fair value hedges, they are subsequently remeasured for fair 
value changes in respect of the hedged risk with such changes 
recognised in the income statement. Otherwise, borrowings are 
subsequently stated at amortised cost; any difference between the 
proceeds (net of transaction costs) and the redemption value is 
recognised in the income statement over the period of the borrowings 
using the effective interest rate method. Borrowings are classified as 
current liabilities unless the Group has an unconditional right to defer 
settlement of the liability for at least 12 months after the balance  
sheet date. Preference shares, which are mandatorily redeemable  
on a specific date, are classified as liabilities. The dividends on  
these preference shares are recognised in the income statement  
as interest expense

(d)  Commodity trading instruments
Commodity instruments acquired for trading purposes are  
initially recognised at fair value on the date a derivative contract is 
entered into and are subsequently re-measured at their fair value.  
Movements in fair value are recognised in the income statement.

(e)  Commodity and treasury hedging instruments
Under IAS 39, hedging relationships are categorised by type and  
must meet strict criteria to qualify for hedge accounting.

(i)    Cash flow hedges 

Hedges of firm commitments and highly probable forecast 
transactions, including forecast intra-group transactions that are 
expected to affect consolidated profit or loss, are designated as 
cash flow hedges. To the extent that movements in the fair values 
of these instruments effectively offset the underlying risk being 
hedged they are recognised in other comprehensive income  
until the period during which the hedged forecast transaction 
affects profit or loss, at which point the cumulative gain or loss  
is recognised in operating profit, offsetting the value of the  
hedged transaction.

(ii)    Fair value hedges 

Hedges against the movement in fair value of recognised assets 
and liabilities are designated as fair value hedges. To the extent 
that movements in the fair values of these instruments effectively 
offset the underlying risk being hedged they are recognised in net 
finance expense by offset against the hedged transaction.

(iii)   Hedges of net investments 

Hedges of a net investment in a foreign operation are designated 
as net investment hedges. To the extent that movements in the 
fair values of these instruments effectively offset the underlying 
risk being hedged they are recognised in the translation reserve 
until the period during which a foreign operation is disposed of or 
partially disposed of, at which point the cumulative gain or loss 
is recognised in profit or loss, offsetting the cumulative difference 
recognised on the translation of the net investment. 

2  Group accounting policies (continued) 

Hedge accounting is discontinued at the point when the hedging 
relationship no longer qualifies for hedge accounting. In the case of 
cash flow hedging relationships, the cumulative movement in the fair 
value of the hedging instrument previously recognised in equity up to 
that point is retained there until the forecast transaction affects profit 
or loss, unless the hedged transaction is no longer expected to occur, 
in which case the cumulative movement in fair value is transferred 
to profit or loss immediately. Movements in the fair value of hedging 
instruments where the relationship fails to meet the IAS 39 hedge 
accounting criteria or where the movement represents the ineffective 
portion of a qualifying hedging relationship are recognised in the 
income statement immediately as other income and expense or net 
finance expense, as appropriate.

(f)  Embedded derivatives
Where an embedded derivative is not closely related to the host 
contract and where the host contract itself is not already recognised 
at fair value, movements in the fair value of the embedded derivative 
are separated from the associated transaction and, except where the 
embedded derivative is designated as a cash flow hedging instrument, 
recognised in the income statement.

(g)  Fair values
Fair values are based on market values where they are available.  
For unlisted securities the Group establishes fair value using  
valuation techniques. These include the use of recent arm’s length 
transactions, reference to other similar instruments and discounted 
cash flow analysis.

Where no market prices are available, the fair value of financial 
liabilities is calculated with reference to discounted expected  
future cash flows.

Inventories
Inventories are stated at the lower of cost and net realisable value 
with the exception of certain items of merchandisable agricultural 
commodities which are stated at market value, in line with regional 
industry accounting practices.

Cost comprises direct materials and, where applicable, direct labour 
costs and those overheads that have been incurred in bringing the 
inventories to their present location and condition. Cost is calculated 
using the ‘first in – first out’ or weighted average cost methods, 
appropriate to the materials and production processes involved. 
Net realisable value represents the estimated selling price less all 
estimated costs to completion and costs to be incurred in  
marketing, selling and distribution.

Trade receivables
Non-current and current trade receivables are recognised initially at 
fair value and subsequently measured at amortised cost using the 
effective interest method, less provision for impairment.

Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents include cash in hand, deposits held at call 
with banks and other short-term highly liquid investments with original 
maturities of three months or less and, for the purposes of the cash 
flow statement only, bank overdrafts are considered to be borrowings 
in nature.

Share capital
Ordinary shares are classified as equity. Incremental costs directly 
attributable to the issue of new shares are shown in equity as a 
deduction, net of tax, from the proceeds.

Where any Group company purchases the Company’s equity  
share capital and holds that share either directly as treasury  
shares or indirectly within an ESOP trust, the consideration paid, 
including any directly attributable incremental costs (net of income 
taxes), is deducted from equity attributable to the Company’s  
equity holders until the shares are cancelled, reissued or disposed.  
Where such shares are subsequently sold or reissued, any 
consideration received, net of any directly attributable incremental 
transaction costs and the related income tax effects, is included in 
equity attributable to the Company’s equity holders. These shares  
are used to satisfy share options and long term share incentive 

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plans granted to employees under the Group’s share option schemes. 
The trustee of the ESOP trust purchases the Company’s shares on 
the open market using loans made by the Company or other loans 
guaranteed by the Company. 

Trade payables
Non-current and current trade payables are recognised initially at 
fair value and subsequently measured at amortised cost using the 
effective interest rate method, less provision for impairment

Provisions
Provisions for liabilities and charges are recognised when the Group 
has a present legal or constructive obligation as a result of past 
events, it is more likely than not that an outflow of resources will 
be required to settle the obligation and the amount can be reliably 
measured. If the effect is material, provisions are measured using 
expected future cash flows discounted at a pre-tax rate that reflects 
current market assessments of the time value of money and, where 
appropriate, the risks specific to the liability. The impact of unwinding 
any discount is taken to finance expense.

Provisions are not recognised for future operating losses. A provision 
for onerous contracts is recognised when the expected benefits to be 
derived by the Group from a contract are lower than the unavoidable 
cost of meeting its obligations under the contract.

Income taxes
The charge for current tax is based on the results for the year as 
adjusted for items which are non-taxable or disallowed. It is calculated 
using rates that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the 
balance sheet date.

Deferred tax is accounted for using the balance sheet liability method 
in respect of temporary differences arising from differences between 
the carrying amount of assets and liabilities in the financial statements 
and the corresponding tax basis used in the computation of taxable 
profit. In principle, deferred tax liabilities are recognised for all taxable 
temporary differences (except as noted below) and deferred tax assets 
are recognised to the extent that it is probable that taxable profits will 
be available against which deductible temporary differences can be 
utilised. Such assets and liabilities are not recognised if the temporary 
differences arise from goodwill or from the initial recognition (other than 
in a business combination) of other assets and liabilities in a transaction 
which affects neither the taxable profit nor the accounting profit.

Deferred tax liabilities are recognised for taxable temporary differences 
arising on investments in subsidiaries and associates, and interests in 
joint ventures, except where the Group is able to control the reversal 
of the temporary difference and it is probable that the temporary 
difference will not reverse in the foreseeable future.

Deferred tax is calculated using the enacted or substantively enacted 
rates that are expected to apply when the asset or liability is settled. 
Deferred tax is charged or credited in the income statement, except 
when it relates to items credited or charged directly to equity, in which 
case the deferred tax is also dealt with in equity.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset when they relate to income 
taxes levied by the same taxation authority and the Group intends to 
settle its current tax assets and liabilities on a net basis.

Revenue recognition
(a)  Sales of goods and services
Sales comprise the amount receivable in the ordinary course of 
business, net of value added and sales taxes, for goods and services 
provided. Sales are recognised at the point or points at which the 
Group has performed its obligations in connection with the contractual 
terms of the sales agreement primarily at the point of delivering to the 
customer, and in exchange obtains the right to consideration.

(b)  Interest income
Interest income is recognised on a time-proportion basis using  
the effective interest rate method.

(c)  Dividend income
Dividend income is recognised when the right to receive payment  
is established.

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Tate & Lyle Annual Report 2011   69

 
 
 
Notes to the consolidated financial statements

2  Group accounting policies (continued) 

Employee benefits
(a)  Pension obligations
Group companies operate various pension schemes. The schemes 
are generally funded through payments to insurance companies, 
or trustee payments to insurance companies or through trustee-
administered funds, determined by periodic actuarial calculations.  
The Group has both defined benefit and defined contribution plans.

A defined benefit plan is a pension plan that defines an amount of 
pension benefit that an employee will receive on retirement, usually 
dependent on one or more factors such as age, years of service  
and compensation.

A defined contribution plan is a pension plan under which the Group 
pays fixed contributions into a separate entity. The Group has no legal 
or constructive obligations to pay further contributions if the fund does 
not hold sufficient assets to pay all employees the benefits relating to 
employee service in the current and prior periods.

The amounts recognised in the statement of financial position in 
respect of defined benefit pension plans are the net deficit and the 
net surplus of the present value of the defined benefit obligation at 
the balance sheet date less the fair value of plan assets, together with 
adjustments for actuarial gains or losses charged or credited to equity 
and past service costs. The defined benefit obligation is calculated 
annually by independent qualified actuaries using the projected unit 
credit method. The present value of the defined benefit obligation is 
determined by discounting the estimated future cash outflows using 
interest rates of high-quality corporate bonds that are denominated 
in the currency in which the benefits will be paid, and that have terms 
to maturity approximating to the terms of the related pension liability. 
Past service costs are recognised immediately in income, unless 
the changes to the pension plan are conditional on the employees 
remaining in service for a specified period of time (the vesting period). 
In this case, the past service costs are amortised on a straight-line 
basis over the vesting period. 

Any gains or losses from settlement or curtailment is recognised in  
the income statement when the curtailment or settlement occurs.

Actuarial gains and losses arising from experience adjustments and 
changes in actuarial assumptions are charged or credited to equity 
immediately through the statement of comprehensive income.

Where the actuarial valuation of a scheme demonstrates that the 
scheme is in surplus, the recognised asset is limited to that for which 
the Group expects to benefit in future by refunds or a reduction  
in contribution.

For defined contribution plans, the Group pays contributions to 
publicly or privately administered pension insurance plans on a 
mandatory, contractual or voluntary basis. The Group has no further 
payment obligations once the contributions have been paid. The 
contributions are recognised as employee benefit expense when  
they are due. Prepaid contributions are recognised as an asset to  
the extent that a cash refund or a reduction in the future payments  
is available.

(b)  Other post-employment obligations
Some Group companies provide post-employment healthcare 
benefits to their retirees. The entitlement to these benefits is usually 
conditional on the employee remaining in service up to retirement 
age and the completion of a minimum service period. The expected 
costs of these benefits are accrued over the period of employment 
using an accounting methodology similar to that for defined benefit 
pension plans. Actuarial gains and losses arising from experience 
adjustments and changes in actuarial assumptions are charged or 
credited to equity immediately. These obligations are valued annually 
by independent qualified actuaries.

(c)  Share-based compensation
The Group operates a number of equity-settled, share-based 
compensation plans. The fair value of employee services received 
in exchange for the grant of the options is recognised as an 
expense. The total amount to be expensed over the vesting period 
is determined by reference to the fair value of the options granted, 
excluding the impact of any non-market vesting conditions  
(for example, earnings targets). Non-market vesting conditions

70   Tate & Lyle Annual Report 2011

are included in assumptions about the number of options that are 
expected to become exercisable. At each balance sheet date, for 
options granted with non-market vesting conditions, the Group 
revises its estimates of the number of options that are expected to 
become exercisable. It recognises the impact of the revision of original 
estimates, if any, in the income statement, and a corresponding 
adjustment to equity. The proceeds received net of any directly 
attributable transaction costs are credited to share capital and share 
premium when the options are exercised.

Borrowing costs
Borrowing costs directly arising from the purchase, construction or 
production of an asset are capitalised as part of the cost of that asset.

Exceptional items
Exceptional items comprise items of income and expense, including 
tax items, that are material in amount and unlikely to recur and which 
merit separate disclosure in order to provide an understanding of the 
Group’s underlying financial performance. Examples of events giving 
rise to the disclosure of material items of income and expense as 
exceptional items include, but are not limited to, impairment events, 
disposals of operations or individual assets, litigation claims by or 
against the Group and the restructuring of components of the Group’s 
operations. See Note 7 for further details.

Government grants
A government grant is recognised when there is reasonable assurance 
that any conditions attached to the grant will be satisfied and the 
grants will be received. A government grant is recognised at its fair 
value and is accounted for as a deduction against the cost concerned 
or within other income over the periods necessary to match the grants 
with the related costs that they are intended to compensate.

Dividend distribution
Final dividend distributions to the Company’s equity holders are 
recognised as a liability in the Group’s financial statements in the 
period in which the dividends are approved by the Company’s 
shareholders, while interim dividend distributions are recognised in the 
period in which the dividends are declared and paid. Where a scrip 
alternative is offered and taken, the distribution is effected through  
an issue of bonus shares from the share premium account.

Segment reporting
IFRS 8 Operating Segments requires that entities identify and report 
the financial performance of these operating segments. Segment 
information is reported for those components for which separate 
financial information is available and which management uses 
internally for allocating resources and assessing performance. In 
addition to receiving information relating to the operating performance 
of the business, principally sales and adjusted operating performance, 
the Chief Operating Decision Maker receives information on the 
segmental net working capital in order to assess the performance  
of the segments.

Following the change in the organisational structure announced in May 
2010, the Group restructured its internal organisation into four distinct 
segments: Speciality Food Ingredients, Bulk Ingredients, Sugars and 
Central costs. Sugars was subsequently classified as discontinued. 
Management reporting has been realigned with this reorganisation 
and, as a result, the segment information set out below reflects this 
change. Comparative information for the year ended 31 March 2010 
has been reclassified. 

Discontinued operations and assets held for sale
Business components that represent separate major lines of business 
or geographical areas of operations are recognised as discontinued 
if the operations have been disposed of, or meet the criteria to be 
classified as held for sale under IFRS 5.

Assets and disposal groups are classified as held for sale if their 
carrying amount will be principally recovered through a sale 
transaction rather than through continuing use. This condition is 
regarded as met only when the sale is highly probable, expected to 
be completed within one year and the asset (or disposal group) is 
available for immediate sale in its present condition. Operations held 
for sale are held at the lower of their carrying amount on the date they 
are classified as held for sale and fair value less costs to sell.

3  Critical accounting estimates and judgements 

In order to prepare these consolidated financial statements 
in accordance with the accounting policies set out in Note 2, 
management has used estimates and judgements to establish the 
amounts at which certain items are recorded. Critical accounting 
estimates and judgements are those that have the greatest impact 
on the financial statements and require the most difficult, subjective 
and complex judgements about matters that are inherently uncertain. 
Estimates are based on factors including historical experience 
and expectations of future events that management believe to be 
reasonable. However, given the judgemental nature of such estimates, 
actual results could be different from the assumptions used. The 
critical accounting estimates and judgements are set out below.

Impairment of assets
Asset impairments have the potential to significantly impact operating 
profit. In order to determine whether impairments are required the 
Group estimates the recoverable amount of the asset. This calculation 
is usually based on projecting future cash flows over a five-year period 
and using a terminal value to incorporate expectations of growth 
thereafter. A discount factor is applied to obtain a current value (‘value 
in use’). The ‘fair value less costs to sell’ of an asset is used if this 
results in an amount in excess of ‘value in use’.

Estimated future cash flows for impairment calculations are based on 
management’s expectations of future volumes and margins based 
on plans and best estimates of the productivity of the assets in their 
current condition. Future cash flows therefore exclude benefits from 
major expansion projects requiring future capital expenditure where 
that expenditure has not been approved at the balance sheet date.

Future cash flows are discounted using a discount rate based on the 
Group’s weighted average cost of capital, adjusted if appropriate for 
circumstances specific to the asset being tested. The weighted 
average cost of capital is impacted by estimates of interest rates, 
equity returns and market and country-related risks. The Group’s 
weighted average cost of capital is reviewed on an annual basis.

If the cash flow or discount rate assumptions were to change because 
of market conditions, the level of impairment could be different and 
could result in the impairment of property, plant and equipment being 
increased or reversed, in part or in full, at a future date.

Further details are set out in Notes 15 and 16.

Retirement benefits
Among the range of retirement benefits provided in businesses around 
the Group are a number of defined benefit pension plans and an 
unfunded healthcare benefit scheme in the US. The amounts recorded 
in the financial statements for both of these types of arrangement are 
based on a number of assumptions, changes to which could have a 
material impact on the reported amounts. 

Any net deficit or surplus arising on defined benefit plans and the 
liability under the healthcare plan is shown in the statement of financial 
position. The amount recorded is the difference between plan assets 
and liabilities at the balance sheet date. The group only recognises 
a surplus to the extent it has an unconditional right to a refund or a 
reduction in future contributions. Plan assets are based on market 
value at that date. Plan liabilities, including healthcare liabilities, are 
based on actuarial estimates of the present value of future pension 
or other benefits that will be payable to members. The most sensitive 
assumptions involved in calculating the expected liabilities are mortality 
rates and the discount rate used to calculate the present value. If the 
mortality rates assumption changed, a one year increase to longevity 
at age 65 would increase the liability by £61 million. The main financial 
assumption is the real discount rate, being the excess of the discount 
rate over the rate of inflation. If this assumption increased by 0.1%, the 
gross plan liabilities would decrease by approximately £18 million.

The income statement generally comprises a regular charge to 
operating profit and a finance charge, which represents the net of 
expected income from plan assets and an interest charge on plan 
liabilities. These calculations are based on expected outcomes at 
the start of the financial year. The income statement is most sensitive 
to changes in expected returns from plan assets and the discount 
rate used to calculate the interest charge on plan liabilities. A 0.1% 
increase in the assumption of the real discount rate would increase  
the net finance expense by approximately £0.2 million.

Full details of these assumptions, which are based on advice from  
the Group’s actuaries, are set out in Note 30.

Provisions
The Group recognises a provision where a legal or constructive 
obligation exists at the balance sheet date and a reliable estimate 
can be made of the likely outcome. Where appropriate, future cash 
outflows that are expected to arise over a number of years are 
discounted to a present value using a relevant discount rate.

At the balance sheet date, provisions included amounts for insurance 
claims payable by the Group’s reinsurance company, legal matters, 
employee termination and other restructuring costs.

Although provisions are reviewed on a regular basis and adjusted 
for management’s best current estimates, the judgemental nature of 
these items means that future amounts settled may be different from 
those provided.

Further details are set out in Note 31.

Taxation
The Group operates in a large number of tax jurisdictions around the 
world. Tax regulations generally are complex and in some jurisdictions 
agreeing tax liabilities with local tax authorities can take several years. 
Consequently, at the balance sheet date, tax liabilities and assets are 
based on management’s best estimate of the future amounts that 
will be settled. While the Group aims to ensure that the estimates 
recorded are accurate, the actual amounts could be different from 
those expected. 

Deferred tax assets mainly arise from asset impairments and 
retirement benefit obligations that the Group expects to recover  
at some time in the future and by their nature the amounts recorded 
are therefore dependent on management’s judgement about  
future events.

Further details are set out in Notes 11 and 29.

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Tate & Lyle Annual Report 2011   71

 
 
 
Notes to the consolidated financial statements

4  Segment information

Following the change in the organisational structure announced in May 2010, the Group restructured its internal organisation into four distinct 
segments: Speciality Food Ingredients, Bulk Ingredients, Sugars and Central costs. Sugars was subsequently classified as discontinued. 
Management reporting has been realigned with this reorganisation and, as a result, the segment information set out below reflects this change. 
Comparative information for the year ended 31 March 2010 has been reclassified. 

Central costs, which include head office, treasury and reinsurance activities, do not meet the operating segment definition under IFRS 8 but have 
been disclosed as a reportable segment in the tables below to be consistent with internal management reporting.

Discontinued operations comprise previously disclosed International Sugar Trading and Eastern Sugar together with the Sugars division (Note 12).

The segment results for the year to 31 March 2011 are as follows:

Continuing operations

Speciality 
Food  
Ingredients
£m

Notes

Bulk  
Ingredients
£m

Central  
costs
£m

Discontinued 
operations 
(Note 12)
£m

Total from 
continuing and 
discontinued 
operations
£m

Sales
Total sales
Inter-segment sales

External sales (note a)

Operating profit/(loss)
Before exceptional items and 
 amortisation of acquired 
intangible assets

Exceptional items
Amortisation of acquired 
intangible assets

Operating profit/(loss)
Net finance expense

Profit/(loss) before tax

Segment assets (note b)
Unallocated assets:
– non-current assets
– current assets

Total assets

Segment liabilities (note b)
Unallocated liabilities:
– non-current liabilities
– current liabilities

Total liabilities

Other segment information
Net working capital
Capital investments (note c)
Depreciation
Amortisation of intangible assets
Impairment charges
Share-based payments

7

15

15

 9

916
(111)

805

206
(7)

(13)

186

1 987
(72)

1 915

157
9

–

166

–
–

–

(42)
(7)

–

(49)

207

511

13

Total
£m

2 903
(183)

2 720

321
(5)

(13)

303
(58)

245

731

590
–

590

(2)
(43)

–

(45)
–

(45)

40

(106)

(237)

(61)

(404)

(8)

101
26
34
18
2
–

274
34
55
–
–
1

(48)
16
2
–
–
8

327
76
91
18
2
9

32
8
9
–
4
–

3 493
(183)

3 310

319
(48)

(13)

258
(58)

200

771

1 424
856

3 051

(412)

(1 236)
(430)

(2 078)

359
84
100
18
6
9

(a)   There were no customers that contributed more than 10% of the Group’s external sales from continuing operations for the year ended  

31 March 2011. 

(b)   Segment assets and liabilities relates to controllable working capital (trade and other receivables, inventories and trade and other payables), as 
reported to the Chief Operating Decision Maker. All other assets and liabilities are reported within segment information as unallocated as these 
are not reported to the Chief Operating Decision Maker at operations segment level.

(c)   Capital investments comprise capital expenditure on property, plant and equipment, intangible assets and investments. These items include 

amounts arising on acquisition of businesses.

72   Tate & Lyle Annual Report 2011

   
   
 
 
 
 
4  Segment information (continued)

The segment results for the year to 31 March 2010 are as follows:

Continuing operations

Speciality 
Food
Ingredients
£m

Notes

Bulk  
Ingredients
£m

Central  
costs
£m

Discontinued 
operations  
(Note 12)
£m

Total from 
continuing and 
discontinued 
operations
£m

Sales
Total sales
Inter-segment sales

External sales (note a)

Operating profit/(loss)
Before exceptional items and 
    amortisation of acquired  

intangible assets

Exceptional items
Amortisation of acquired 
intangible assets

Operating profit/(loss)
Net finance (expense)/income

(Loss)/profit before tax

Segment assets (note b)
Unallocated assets:
– non-current assets
– current assets

Total assets

Segment liabilities (note b)
Unallocated liabilities:
– non-current liabilities
– current liabilities

Total liabilities

Other segment information
Net working capital
Capital investments (note c)
Depreciation
Amortisation of intangible assets
Impairment charges
Share-based payments

7

15

15

 9

869
(81)

788

163
(66)

(14)

83

1 772
(27)

1 745

136
(237)

–

(101)

–
–

–

(31)
5

–

(26)

216

386

11

Total
£m

2 641
(108)

2 533

268
(298)

(14)

(44)
(72)

(116)

613

1 074
–

1 074

28
22

–

50
1

51

222

(90)

(198)

(37)

(325)

(161)

126
25
39
18
2
–

188
40
58
2
217
–

(26)
5
2
–
–
4

288
70
99
20
219
4

61
22
17
–
16
1

3 715
(108)

3 607

296
(276)

(14)

6
(71)

(65)

835

1 777
676

3 288

(486)

(1 555)
(393)

(2 434)

349
92
116
20
235
5

(a)   Two external customers contributed more than 10% of the Group’s external sales from continuing operations for the year ended 31 March 
2010. The combined external sales for these customers were £553 million which have been recorded across all the reportable segments, 
excluding central costs.

(b)   Segment assets and liabilities relates to controllable working capital (trade and other receivables, inventories and trade and other payables) as 
reported to the Chief Operating Decision Maker. All other assets and liabilities are reported within segment information as unallocated as these 
are not reported to the Chief Operating Decision Maker at operations segment level.

(c)    Capital investments comprise capital expenditure on property, plant and equipment, intangible assets and investments. These items include 

amounts arising on acquisition of businesses.

The United Kingdom is the home country of the parent. Sales (from continuing operations) and non-current assets, other than financial instruments, 
deferred tax assets and retirement benefit assets in the principal territories are as follows:

United Kingdom
United States
Other European countries
Rest of world

Total

External sales by destination
Year to 31 March

External sales by origin
Year to 31 March

Location of non-current assets
Year to 31 March

2011
£m

65
1 746
432
477

2 720

2010
£m

43
1 652
426
412

2 533

2011
£m

16
1 948
451
305

2 720

2010
£m

19
1 841
425
248

2 533

2011
£m

38
660
327
156

2010
£m

248
735
372
202

1 181

1 557

Tate & Lyle Annual Report 2011   73

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Notes to the consolidated financial statements

5  Sales from continuing operations

Analysis of sales by category:

Sales of goods (excluding share of sales of joint ventures)
Share of sales of joint ventures

Total

6  Operating profit/(loss)

Continuing operations

Analysis by nature:

External sales

Staff costs
Inventories:
– cost of inventories recognised as an expense (included in cost of sales)
– fair value loss on derivatives held for trading (included in cost of sales)
Depreciation of property, plant and equipment:
– owned assets
– leased assets
Exceptional items
Amortisation of intangible assets:
– intangible assets arising on acquisition of businesses
– other intangible assets
Operating lease rentals:
– plant and machinery
Research and development expenditure
Impairment of trade receivables
Reversal of impairment of trade receivables
Impairment of property, plant and equipment
Loss on disposal of property, plant and equipment
Government grant income
Ineffectiveness on derivative financial instruments:
– ineffectiveness loss on derivatives designated as cash flow hedges
– ineffectiveness gain on derivatives designated as net investment hedges
Other operating expenses

Total

Operating profit/(loss) from continuing operations

Discontinued operations

Analysis by nature:

External sales

Staff costs
Inventories:
– cost of inventories recognised as an expense (included in cost of sales)
Depreciation of property, plant and equipment:
– owned assets
Government grant income, including Transitional Aid
Exceptional items
Impairment of property, plant and equipment
Other operating expenses

Total

Operating (loss)/profit from discontinued operations

74   Tate & Lyle Annual Report 2011

Notes

17

Notes

9

16
16
7

15
15

23
23

20
20

Notes

9

16

7

12

Year to 31 March
2010
£m

2 210
323

2 533

2011
£m

2 317
403

2 720 

Year to 31 March
2010
£m

2 533

213

1 241
5

97
2
298

14
6

24
26
3
(1)
–
–
(3)

3
(1)
650

2 577

(44)

Year to 31 March
2010
£m

1 074

49

841

17
(17)
(22)
–
156

1 024

50

2011
£m

2 720

247

1 400
8

90
1
5

13
5

23
25
1
–
2
1
–

–
–
596

2 417

303 

2011
£m

590

28

464

9
–
43
4
87

635

(45) 

 
 
7  Exceptional items

Exceptional items are as follows:

Continuing operations
Gain on disposal, net of pre-disposal costs – Fort Dodge (note a)
Impairment charges – Fort Dodge (note b)
Business transformation costs (note c)
Closure and restructuring costs (note d)
UK Group Pension Scheme changes (note e)
Write-down of assets (note f)

Total

Discontinued operations
Loss on disposal – EU Sugars (note g)
Gain on disposal – Molasses (note h)
UK Group Pension Scheme changes (note e)
Impairment charges (note b)

Total

Year to 31 March
2010
£m

2011
£m

 10 
–
(15)
– 
– 
– 

(5)

(55)
 12 
–
–

(43)

–
(217)
(3)
(55)
 5 
(28)

(298)

–
–
 37 
(15)

 22 

The comparative figures for 2010 have been restated to reflect the disposal of EU Sugars and Molasses, which are presented as discontinued 
operations in both years.

(a)   The Group has recorded a net exceptional gain of £10 million in respect of the mothballed ethanol facility at Fort Dodge, Iowa. On 30 March 

2011 the facility was sold for cash consideration of £36 million resulting in a gain on disposal of £15 million. An exceptional charge of  
£25 million had previously been booked early in the year in respect of onerous contracts relating to future obligations of the plant. As a result 
of the disposal, £20 million of the resultant provision was no longer required and was reversed. This exceptional gain is reported in the Bulk 
Ingredients segment.

(b)   In the year ended 31 March 2010, following a detailed analysis of end markets, in light of costs of around £70 million to complete and 
commission the plant in Fort Dodge, Iowa, and factoring in the risks associated with future returns from operating the plant, the Group 
concluded that the plant was highly unlikely to be completed or commissioned in the foreseeable future. As a result, the facility was mothballed 
and an impairment charge of £217 million recognised. Of the £217 million charge, £209 million related to assets previously held in assets under 
construction and £8 million related to prepayments. This exceptional item was reported in the Bulk Ingredients segment.

 In the year ended 31 March 2010, the Group recognised an impairment charge of £15 million at its sugar refining business in Israel comprising 
a full write-down of the property, plant and equipment (£11 million) and an inventory impairment (£4 million). This impairment charge reflected 
anticipated future decline in the commercial prospects of Israel which is now reported within discontinued operations. 

(c)   The Group has recognised an exceptional charge of £15 million in relation to business transformation costs. The Group incurred £6 million 
of charges in relation to the implementation of a common global IS/IT platform, £4 million in relation to the relocation of employees and 
restructuring associated with the new Commercial and Food Innovation Centre in Chicago, Illinois, and £5 million (2010 – £3 million) of closure 
and other restructuring costs relating to the Food Systems business. These costs are reported in the Bulk Ingredients (£1 million), Speciality 
Food Ingredients (£7 million) and the Central costs (£7 million) segments.

(d)   In the year ended 31 March 2010, the Group recognised an exceptional charge in relation to the decision to mothball the sucralose 

manufacturing facility in McIntosh, Alabama. The charge totalled £55 million and covered costs connected with redundancy, clean-up  
activities and ongoing fixed costs, and included provision for costs to final closure. The exceptional item was reported in the Speciality Food 
Ingredients segment.

(e)   In the year ended 31 March 2010, the Group recognised an exceptional gain of £42 million in relation to changes announced to the Group 
Pension Scheme in the United Kingdom. Of the total gain, £32 million related to negative past service costs following the removal of the 
discretionary early retirement benefit from November 2009 and £10 million related to a curtailment gain as a result of the closure of the scheme 
to future benefit accrual for employee members from 6 April 2011. This exceptional item related to the Central costs (£5 million) and Sugars  
(£37 million) segments.

(f) 

 In the year ended 31 March 2010, following a review of its portfolio of research and development projects, the Group wrote off £28 million in 
relation to assets from which it does not expect to receive a commercial benefit. Of the £28 million, £20 million had previously been reported 
within property, plant and equipment, £6 million within intangible assets and £2 million within prepayments. These assets related to operations 
reported in both the Bulk Ingredients (£20 million) and Speciality Food Ingredients (£8 million) segments.

(g)   The Group recorded a loss of £55 million in relation to the disposal of EU Sugars. Further details are set out in Note 37.

(h)   The Group recorded a gain of £12 million in relation to the disposal of Molasses. Further details are set out in Note 37.

The tax impact on continuing net exceptional items is £10 million charge (2010 – £117 million credit). The tax impact on the discontinued net 
exceptional items is a £19 million credit (2010 – £5 million charge). Tax credits on exceptional costs are only recognised to the extent that losses 
incurred will result in tax recoverable in the future. In addition, there has been an exceptional tax credit of £8 million in respect of the recognition  
of a deferred tax asset on unrealised profit in inventory following the restructuring of the business organisation. 

There was an exceptional tax credit of £15 million in the year ended 31 March 2010 in respect of the release of various tax provisions following 
settlement of outstanding issues around the Group.

Tate & Lyle Annual Report 2011   75

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Notes to the consolidated financial statements

8  Auditors’ remuneration

During the year the Group (including its overseas subsidiaries) obtained the following services from the Company’s auditors as detailed below:

Fees payable to the Company’s auditors for the audit of the parent company and consolidated  
    financial statements
Fees payable to the Company’s auditors and its associates for other services:
– the audit of the Company’s subsidiaries, pursuant to legislation

Total audit fees
Other services pursuant to legislation
Other services relating to taxation
All other services

Total

Year to 31 March
2010
£m

2011
£m

0.6

1.1

1.7
0.1
0.1
0.8

2.7

0.6

1.5

2.1
0.1
–
0.2

2.4

In addition to the above, fees totalling £0.1 million (2010 – £0.1 million) were paid to the Company’s auditors in respect of the audit of Group 
pension schemes.

Included within fees payable to the Company’s auditors and its associates is £0.1 million (2010 – £0.3 million) and within all other services  
£0.6 million (2010 – £nil) relating to discontinued operations including the costs of vendor due diligence in respect of the disposal of Molasses.

9  Staff costs

Staff costs for the Group during the year were as follows:

Wages and salaries
Social security costs
Other pension costs:
– defined benefit schemes
– defined contribution schemes
– retirement healthcare benefits
Share-based payments

Total

Year to 31 March 2011

Year to 31 March 2010

Continuing 
operations  
£m

Discontinued 
operations 
£m

Continuing 
operations 
£m

Discontinued 
operations 
£m

Notes

30

30
26

206
19

8
2
3
9

247

26
1

1
–
–
–

28 

178
21

7
1
2
4

213

43
2

2
1
–
1

49

The average number of people employed by the Group, excluding associates’ employees and including a proportionate share of people employed 
by joint ventures, is set out below. As required by the Companies Act 2006, this includes part-time employees:

By business segment

Speciality Food Ingredients
Bulk Ingredients
Central

Total

Year to 31 March
2010

1 730
2 215
280

4 225

2011

1 631
2 382
293

4 306

In addition, the average number of people employed relating to discontinued operations was 854 (2010 – 1,394)

The number of people employed by the Group at 31 March 2011 was 4,416 (2010 – 5,666). Included in these numbers are 305 (2010 – 1,505) 
employees relating to discontinued operations.

Key management compensation

Salaries and short-term employee benefits
Post-employment benefits
Share-based payments
Share option gains

Total

Year to 31 March
2010
£m

2011
£m

7
1
5
–

13 

5
1
2
1

9

Key management is represented by the Group Executive Committee and the Company’s directors. Remuneration details of the Company’s 
directors are given in the directors’ remuneration report on pages 44 to 56. Members of the Group Executive Committee are given on page 34.

The aggregate emoluments of directors in respect of qualifying services to the Company were £4 million (2010 – £4 million).

76   Tate & Lyle Annual Report 2011

 
 
 
 
 
 
10  Finance income and finance expense

Continuing

Finance income
Interest receivable

Total finance income

Finance expense
Interest payable on bank and other borrowings
Net finance expense arising on defined benefit retirement schemes:
– interest cost
– expected return on plan assets
Finance lease charges
Unwinding of discounts in provisions
Fair value gains/(losses) on interest-related derivative financial instruments:
– interest rate swaps – fair value hedges
– derivatives not designated as hedges
Fair value adjustment of borrowings attributable to interest rate risk
Recycle of cash flow hedge reserve in respect of borrowings repaid

Total finance expense

Net finance expense

Notes

Year to 31 March
2010
£m

2011
£m

30
30

31

3

3 

(45)

(76)
72
(1)
(2)

7
(3)
(7)
(6)

(61)

(58) 

2

2

(54)

(76)
57
(1)
–

(2)
(1)
3
–

(74)

(72)

Finance expense is shown net of borrowing costs capitalised into the cost of assets (Note 16) of £nil (2010 – £2 million at a capitalisation  
rate of 5.0%).

Interest payable on other borrowings includes £0.2 million (2010 – £0.2 million) of dividends in respect of the Group’s 6.5% cumulative  
preference shares. 

Discontinued
Included within the loss for the year in relation to discontinued operations (Note 12) is net finance income of £nil (2010 – £1 million).

11  Income tax expense

Analysis of charge for the year

Continuing

Current tax:
In respect of the current year
– UK
– overseas
Adjustments in respect of previous years
Exceptional tax credit

Deferred tax:
– deferred tax charge/(credit)
– exceptional tax credit

Income tax expense/(credit)

Year to 31 March
2010
£m

2011
£m

–
3
(10)
–

(7)

64
(8)

49 

1
33
(2)
(15)

17

(112)
–

(95)

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The income tax charge relating to continuing operations in the year to 31 March 2011 of £49 million (2010 – credit of £95 million) includes a charge  
of £10 million in respect of pre-tax exceptional items (2010 – £117 million credit).

Included within current tax is a £10 million credit (2010 – £2 million) principally relating to the settlement of prior year tax obligations in a number  
of jurisdictions.

The exceptional tax credit of £8 million represents the recognition of a deferred tax asset on unrealised profit in inventory following the restructuring 
of the Group. £15 million in 2010 represented releases of various tax provisions following settlement of outstanding issues around the Group.

The effective tax rate for the year, calculated on the basis of the total income tax charge relating to continuing operations as a proportion of profit 
before tax, is 19.7% (2010 – income tax credit on loss before tax of 81.9%). This compares with the standard rate of corporation tax in the  
UK of 28% (2010 – 28%).

The standard rate of corporation tax in the United Kingdom will reduce from 28% to 26% from 1 April 2011.

Discontinued
The income tax credit in respect of discontinued operations (Note 12) in the year to 31 March 2011 is £16 million (2010 – £11 million expense).

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Tate & Lyle Annual Report 2011   77

 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the consolidated financial statements

11  Income tax expense (continued)

Continuing

Profit/(loss) before tax

Corporation tax charge/(credit) thereon at 28% (2010 – 28%)
Adjusted for the effects of:
– exceptional tax credit
– income not taxable/(expenses) not deductible for tax purposes
– losses not recognised
– adjustments to tax in respect of previous periods
– different tax rates applied on overseas earnings

Total

Year to 31 March
2010
£m

(116)

(32)

(15)
(2)
16
–
(62)

(95)

2011
£m

245

69

(8)
7
15
(10)
(24)

49

The effective tax rate relating to continuing operations on profit before exceptional items, amortisation and exceptional tax items is 18.5%  
(2010 – 20.8%).

Tax (charge)/credit relating to components of other comprehensive income

Retirement benefit obligations
Cash flow hedges
Tax losses
Other

Tax credit relating to components of other comprehensive income

Current tax
Deferred tax 

Tax on items recognised directly in equity

Deferred tax credit on share-based payments

Total

12  Discontinued operations

Notes

29

Year to 31 March
2010
£m

29
(4)
–
–

25

–
25

2011
£m

(19)
(5)
22
2

–

–
–

Year to 31 March
2010
£m

2011 
£m

(1)

(1) 

(1)

(1)

On 1 July 2010, the Group announced its intention to sell all the businesses within the Sugars segment. Accordingly, the results of these Sugars 
businesses are presented as discontinued operations for the year ended 31 March 2011 and 31 March 2010. On 30 September 2010, the  
Group completed the disposal of EU Sugars to American Sugar Refining, Inc. On 3 December 2010, the Group completed the disposal of 
Molasses to W&R Barnett Ltd. On 20 April 2011, the Group announced that it had entered into a conditional contract to dispose of Vietnam  
Sugar to TH Milk Food Joint Stock Company for cash consideration of approximately £33 million together with the Group’s proportionate share  
of cash and working capital. The results of the Israel and Vietnam Sugar are presented within the Other category for both periods.

Sales

Operating (loss)/profit before exceptional items
Exceptional items

Notes

7

Operating (loss)/profit
Finance income
Finance expense

(Loss)/profit before tax
Income tax credit/(expense)

(Loss)/profit for the year
Non-controlling interests 

(Loss)/profit attributable to equity holders of the  
Company

EU 
Sugars 
£m

330

Molasses 
£m

141

(2)
(55)

(57)
–
–

(57)
22

(35)
–

(35)

7
12

19
–
–

19
(1)

18
(1)

17

International 
Sugar  
Trading 
£m 

18

(11)
–

(11)
–
(1)

(12)
–

(12)
–

(12)

Year to 31 March 2011

Other
£m

101

4
–

4
1
–

5
(5)

–
(3)

(3)

Total
£m

590

(2)
(43)

(45)
1
(1)

(45)
16

(29)
(4)

(33)

78   Tate & Lyle Annual Report 2011

 
 
 
12  Discontinued operations (continued)

Sales

Operating profit/(loss) before exceptional items
Exceptional items

Operating profit/(loss)
Finance income
Finance expense

Profit/(loss) before tax
Income tax (expense)/credit

Profit/(loss) for the year
Non-controlling interests 

Profit/(loss) attributable to equity holders of the Company

Net cash flows from discontinued operations are as follows:

Net cash (used in)/generated from operating activities
Net cash (used in)/generated from investing activities
Net cash used in financing activities

Net cash generated from/(used in) operating activities
Net cash (used in)/generated from investing activities
Net cash used in financing activities

13  Earnings per share

EU 
Sugars 
£m

689

Molasses 
£m

228

International 
Sugar  
Trading 
£m 

101

14
37

51
2
–

53
(12)

41
–

41

EU 
Sugars 
£m

(85)
(5)
(16)

EU 
Sugars 
£m

110
(17)
(45)

14
–

14
1
–

15
(2)

13
(1)

12

(3)
–

(3)
–
(2)

(5)
–

(5)
–

(5)

Molasses 
£m

(11)
(1)
(1)

Molasses 
£m

28
(2)
(1)

International 
Sugar  
Trading 
£m 

(17)
–
–

International 
Sugar  
Trading 
£m 

(25)
–
–

Year to 31 March 2010

Other
£m

56

3
(15)

(12)
–
–

(12)
3

(9)
(3)

(12)

Total
£m

1 074

28
22

50
3
(2)

51
(11)

40
(4)

36

Year to 31 March 2011

Other
£m

13
1
(1)

Total
£m

(100)
(5)
(18)

Year to 31 March 2010

Other
£m

2
1
(1)

Total
£m

115
(18)
(47)

Basic
Basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing the profit attributable to equity holders of the Company by the weighted average number of ordinary 
shares in issue during the year, excluding ordinary shares purchased by the Company and held in the Employee Share Ownership Trust or in Treasury.

Profit/(loss) attributable to equity holders  
    of the Company (£million)
Weighted average number of ordinary  
    shares in issue (millions)

Basic earnings/(loss) per share

Year to 31 March 2011

Year to 31 March 2010

Continuing 
operations 

Discontinued 
operations 

196

461.5

42.6p

(33)

461.5

(7.3)p

Total

163

461.5

35.3p

Continuing 
operations 

Discontinued 
operations 

(21)

457.0

(4.7)p

36

457.0

8.0p

Total

15

457.0

3.3p

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Diluted
Diluted earnings per share is calculated by adjusting the weighted average number of ordinary shares in issue to assume conversion of all potential 
dilutive ordinary shares. Potential dilutive ordinary shares arise from share options, and the Group’s long term share incentive plans. For non-
performance related share plans, a calculation is performed to determine the number of shares that could have been acquired at fair value (determined 
as the average annual market share price of the Company’s shares) based on the monetary value of the subscription rights attached to outstanding 
share options. For performance related share plans, a calculation is performed to determine the satisfaction or otherwise, of the forecast performance 
conditions at the end of the reporting period, and the number of shares which would be issued based on the forecast status at the end of the  
reporting period.

Profit/(loss) attributable to equity holders  
    of the Company (£million)
Weighted average number of diluted  
    shares in issue (millions)

Diluted earnings/(loss) per share

Year to 31 March 2011 

Year to 31 March 2010

Continuing 
operations 

Discontinued 
operations 

196

468.8

 41.9p

(33)

468.8

(7.2)p

Total

163

468.8

34.7p

Continuing 
operations 

Discontinued 
operations 

(21)

457.0

(4.7)p

36

457.0

8.0p

Total

15

457.0

3.3p

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The adjustment for the dilutive effect of share options at 31 March 2011 was 7.3 million shares (2010 – nil).

Tate & Lyle Annual Report 2011   79

 
 
 
Notes to the consolidated financial statements

13  Earnings per share (continued)

Adjusted earnings per share
Adjusted earnings per share is stated excluding exceptional items and amortisation of acquired intangible assets as follows:

Continuing operations

Profit/(loss) attributable to equity holders of the Company (£million)
Adjustments (£million):
– exceptional items
– amortisation of acquired intangible assets
– tax effect of the above adjustments
– exceptional tax credit

Adjusted profit (£million)

Adjusted basic earnings per share from continuing operations
Adjusted diluted earnings per share from continuing operations

Notes

7
15

11

Year to 31 March
2010

(21)

298
14
(121)
(15)

155

2011

196

5
13
8
(8)

214 

46.5p
45.7p 

33.9p
33.7p

For the purposes of the adjusted diluted earnings per share from continuing operations for the year ended 31 March 2010, the adjustment for the 
dilutive effect of share options was 2.3 million.

14  Dividends

Dividends paid on ordinary equity shares (£million):
– final paid relating to prior year
– interim paid relating to current year

Total dividend paid
Satisfied by:
– cash (£million)
– scrip dividend (£million) (note a)

Total

The total ordinary dividend is 23.7p (2010 – 22.9p) made up as follows:
– interim dividend paid
– final dividend proposed (note b)

Total

Year to 31 March
2010

2011

74
31

105

70
35

105

6.8p
16.9p

23.7p 

74
31

105

103
2

105

6.8p
16.1p

22.9p

(a)   During the year, shareholders were given the option to receive the final dividend relating to the prior year and the interim dividend relating to 

the current year in the form of a scrip issue. On 30 July 2010 and 7 January 2011, the Group issued 5,716,625 shares and 1,601,272 shares 
respectively for scrip at a nominal value per share of 25p and a cash equivalent value of £35 million. Further detail is disclosed in Note 24.

(b)   The final dividend proposed for the year of £79 million (2010 – £74 million), based on the number of shares outstanding as at 31 March 2011 
has not been recognised as a liability and will be paid, subject to approval by shareholders at the Company’s Annual General Meeting, on  
5 August 2011 to shareholders who are on the Register of Members on 1 July 2011.

80   Tate & Lyle Annual Report 2011

 
 
15  Goodwill and other intangible assets

Goodwill
£m

Patents
£m

Other  
acquired 
intangible  
assets
£m

Total  
acquired 
intangibles
£m

Other
intangible  
assets
£m

Cost
At 1 April 2010
Additions at cost
Transfer to assets held for sale
Disposals and write-offs
Exchange

At 31 March 2011

Accumulated amortisation
and impairments
At 1 April 2010
Amortisation charge
Disposals and write-offs
Exchange

At 31 March 2011

Net book value at 31 March 2011

Cost
At 1 April 2009
Additions at cost
Disposals and write-offs
Exchange

At 31 March 2010

Accumulated amortisation
and impairments
At 1 April 2009
Amortisation charge
Disposals and write-offs
Exchange

At 31 March 2010

Net book value at 31 March 2010

230
–
–
(2)
(6)

222

–
–
–
–

–

222 

240
–
–
(10)

230

–
–
–
–

–

230

33
–
–
–
–

33

23
2
–
–

25

8

33
–
–
–

33

20
3
–
–

23

10

127
–
(2)
–
(4)

121

40
11
–
(2)

49

72

132
1
–
(6)

127

31
11
–
(2)

40

87

390
–
(2)
(2)
(10)

376

63
13
–
(2)

74

302

405
1
–
(16)

390

51
14
–
(2)

63

327

Goodwill
The carrying amounts of goodwill by segment are as follows:

Speciality Food Ingredients (note a)
Bulk Ingredients
Allocated by geography:
– United States (note b)
– Europe (note c)

Total

32
12
–
(3)
(1)

40

19
5
(2)
–

22

18

34
6
(7)
(1)

32

14
6
(1)
–

19

13

2011
£m

80
1

57
84

222

Total
£m

422
12
(2)
(5)
(11)

416

82
18
(2)
(2)

96

320

439
7
(7)
(17)

422

65
20
(1)
(2)

82

340

31 March
2010
£m

81
1

60
88

230

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Goodwill is tested for impairment annually and whenever there is an indication of impairment. Although cash flows have been identified for certain 
individual plants for the purposes of assessing the recoverable amounts, the business is managed as a network in the United States and Europe, 
with a large amount of interdependency between plants with plants servicing both the Speciality Food Ingredients and Bulk Ingredients segments. 
As a result, except as noted, it is not possible to allocate goodwill to either the Bulk Ingredients or the Speciality Food Ingredients segments.

Therefore, goodwill is tested for impairment on a geographical basis except where goodwill can be allocated to an identifiable separate CGU. 
Unless otherwise stated, impairment reviews are carried out in accordance with the methodology set out in Notes 2 and 3 using cashflows based 
on the latest Board approved management projections.

(a)   Goodwill within the Speciality Food Ingredients segment includes £48 million (2010 – £48 million) relating to the acquisition of G.C. Hahn & Co.  
in June 2007, £18 million (2010 – £18 million) relating to the acquisition of the Cesalpinia Foods group in December 2005 and £12 million  
(2010 – £13 million) relating to the acquisition of Continental Custom Ingredients in January 2006. These businesses have been tested for 
impairment and a pre-tax discount rate of 11% (2010 – 11%). Zero growth was assumed in perpetuity. Management has concluded that  
no impairment is required.

 The remaining goodwill relates to a number of smaller acquisitions, each of which has been tested for impairment using management 
projections for five years, pre-tax discount rates of 11% (2010 – 11%), and zero growth assumed in perpetuity. Management has concluded 
that no impairment is required. 

(b)   Goodwill relating to the United States includes £57 million (2010 – £60 million) relating to the Staley acquisition in 1988, which is treated as one 
CGU for impairment testing purposes. Cash flows used were based on the latest approved plans for five years discounted using a pre-tax rate 
of 11% (2010 – 11%).  Zero growth was assumed in perpetuity. Management has concluded that no impairment is required.

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Tate & Lyle Annual Report 2011   81

 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the consolidated financial statements

15  Goodwill and other intangible assets (continued)

(c)   Goodwill relating to Europe includes £84 million (2010 – £86 million) relating to the acquisition in 2000 of the minority of 34% of shares of the 
former Amylum business. Although cash flows have been identified for certain individual plants for the purposes of assessing the recoverable 
amounts of property, plant and equipment (as described in Note 16) the business is treated as one CGU for impairment testing purposes.  
The goodwill in the former Amylum business has been tested for impairment using a pre-tax discount rate of 11% (2010 – 11%). Zero growth 
was assumed in perpetuity. Management has concluded that no impairment is required.

 Management considers that no reasonably possible change in any of the assumptions would cause the recoverable amount of goodwill 
attached to the above CGUs to fall below their carrying value.

Other intangible assets
Included in other intangible assets are £2 million (2010 – £nil) of assets under construction in relation to the implementation of a common global  
IS/IT platform.

16  Property, plant and equipment

Cost 
At 1 April 2010
Additions at cost
Transfers on completion
Transfer to assets held for sale
Disposals and write-offs
Businesses sold
Exchange and other movements

At 31 March 2011

Accumulated depreciation and impairments
At 1 April 2010
Depreciation charge
Transfer to assets held for sale
Impairment losses and write-downs
Disposals and write-offs
Businesses sold
Exchange and other movements

At 31 March 2011

Net book value at 31 March 2011

Cost 
At 1 April 2009
Additions at cost
Transfers on completion
Disposals and write-offs
Exchange and other movements

At 31 March 2010

Accumulated depreciation and impairments
At 1 April 2009
Depreciation charge
Impairment losses and write-downs
Disposals and write-offs
Exchange and other movements

At 31 March 2010

Net book value at 31 March 2010

Land and 
buildings
£m

Plant and 
machinery
£m

Assets in the 
course of 
construction
£m

578
3
3
(11)
(3)
(114)
(23)

433

292
14
(4)
3
–
(72)
(12)

221

212

591
2
6
(1)
(20)

578

288
15
–
(1)
(10)

292

286

2 349
11
50
(57)
(12)
(346)
(102)

1 893

1 564
86
(42)
1
(12)
(206)
(63)

1 328

565

2 394
12
44
(13)
(88)

2 349

1 493
101
31
(13)
(48)

1 564

785

345
53
(53)
–
(211)
(39)
(17)

78

208
–
–
4
(195)
(4)
(13)

–

78

345
68
(50)
(1)
(17)

345

1
–
209
–
(2)

208

137

Total
£m

3 272
67
–
(68)
(226)
(499)
(142)

2 404

2 064
100
(46)
8
(207)
(282)
(88)

1 549

855

3 330
82
–
(15)
(125)

3 272

1 782
116
240
(14)
(60)

2 064

1 208

Additions to property, plant and equipment includes capitalised borrowing costs of £nil (2010 – £2 million).

Impairment losses
It is the Group’s policy to test assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying amounts may not  
be recoverable. 

82   Tate & Lyle Annual Report 2011

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
16  Property, plant and equipment (continued)

Impairment reviews 
2011
The Group’s European businesses are a major supplier of sweeteners which operates in competition to sugar throughout the Continent. Following 
the disposal of five European starch plants in October 2007, the Group carried out an impairment review in respect of the remaining CGUs at 31 
March 2011. The recoverable amount was based on value in use, calculated based on estimated future cash flows using management’s internal 
forecasts of future margins for the next five years. The pre-tax discount rate used was 11% (2010 – 11%) and a zero growth rate assumed in 
perpetuity. Taking all factors into account management concluded that no further impairment or reversal of previous impairments was required. 

During the year, the Group carried out an impairment review in respect of its Dayton plant which manufactures citric acid in light of changes to the 
regulatory and competitive environment in which it operates. The recoverable amount was based on value in use, calculated based on estimated 
future cash flows using management’s internal forecasts of future margins for the next five years and applying a terminal value. The pre-tax discount 
rate used was 11%. Taking all factors into account management concluded that no further impairment or reversal of previous impairments  
was required.

2010 
In the year ended 31 March 2010, following a detailed analysis of end markets, in light of costs of around £70 million to complete and  
commission the plant in Fort Dodge, Iowa, and factoring in the risks associated with future returns from operating the plant, the Group concluded 
that the plant was highly unlikely to be completed or commissioned in the foreseeable future. As a result, the facility was mothballed. An impairment 
review was carried out and as a result an impairment charge of £209 million against assets under construction (as part of the impairment charge of 
£217 million) was recognised as an exceptional item. This exceptional item related to the Bulk Ingredients segment. The recoverable amount was 
based on value in use, calculated using the expected cash flow approach, weighted for the potential timings of completion and commissioning the 
plant, and using management’s internal forecasts of future cash flows for five years, a pre-tax discount rate of 11% and a zero growth rate assumed 
in perpetuity.

In the year ended 31 March 2010, following a review of its portfolio of research and development projects, the Group decided to write down assets 
relating to operations in the Bulk Ingredients segment resulting in an impairment write-down of £20 million relating to Plant and Machinery being 
recognised in exceptional items.

In the year ended 31 March 2010, the Group carried out a further review of its sugar refining operation in Israel as a result of the deterioration of 
the margins driven by record high sugar prices and a surplus of EU beet sugar being exported into the Israel domestic market. The recoverable 
amount was based on value in use, calculated based on management’s internal forecasts of future cash flows for the remainder of the operation’s 
contractual life and a pre-tax discount rate of 13% (2010 – 13%). An impairment of £11 million was recognised in exceptional items that year.

Leased assets
Included in property, plant and equipment is plant and machinery held under finance leases with a net book value of £11 million (2010 – £13 million). 

17  Investments in associates and joint ventures

Associates

At 1 April 2009

Exchange and other movements

At 31 March 2010

Disposals of businesses

At 31 March 2011

Notes

37

£m

8

(1)

7

(2)

5 

The Group’s associates, which are accounted for under the equity method, are listed in Note 42.

During the year, the Group disposed of its investment in Eridania Tate & Lyle SpA for £3 million proceeds. The carrying value was £2 million at the date 
of disposal (Note 37).

The amounts equity accounted in the Group income statement and statement of financial position are summarised below:

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Income statement

Sales
Expenses

Profit before and after tax

Statement of financial position

Assets
Liabilities

Net assets

Year to 31 March
2010
£m

2011
£m

4
(4)

–

2011
£m

10
(5)

5

5
(5)

–

31 March
2010
£m

12
(5)

7

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Tate & Lyle Annual Report 2011   83

 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the consolidated financial statements

17  Investments in associates and joint ventures (continued)

Joint ventures
The Group’s joint ventures are proportionately consolidated and the continuing businesses are listed in Note 42. The amounts proportionately 
consolidated in the Group income statement and statement of financial position are summarised below:

Income statement

Sales
Other expense

Profit/(loss) before tax
Income tax expense

Profit/(loss) for the year

Statement of financial position

Assets
Non-current assets
Cash and cash equivalents
Other current assets

Liabilities
Non-current borrowings
Other non-current liabilities
Current borrowings
Other current liabilities

Net assets

18  Available-for-sale financial assets 

At 31 March 2009
Additions
Fair value loss

At 31 March 2010
Additions
Disposal of businesses
Fair value gain
Exchange

At 31 March 2011

Notes

5

Year to 31 March 2011

Year to 31 March 2010

Continuing 
operations  
£m

Discontinued 
operations 
£m

Continuing 
operations 
£m

Discontinued 
operations 
£m

403
(344)

59
(14)

45

3
(7)

(4)
–

(4)

323
(273)

50
(9)

41

2011 
£m

175
74
158

407

7
23
11
69

110

297 

6
(3)

3
–

3

31 March
2010
£m

174
61
118

353

5
18
10
57

90

263

£m

39
3
(10)

32
5
(1)
1
(1)

36 

Presented in the statement of financial position as follows:

Non-current available-for-sale financial assets
Current assets held for sale

Total

Notes

38

2011
£m

19
17

36

31 March
2010
£m

14
18

32

Available-for-sale financial assets primarily comprise £36 million (2010 – £32 million) of unlisted securities. The fair values of non-current available-
for-sale financial assets are approximated at cost where fair value can not be reliably measured. The fair values of current assets held for sale are 
based on management’s valuation of expected proceeds based on a signed share sale agreement.

The carrying value of the available-for-sale financial assets are denominated in the following currencies:

Saudi riyal (note a)
US dollar (note b)
Sterling
Euro

Total

(a)  Saudi riyal comprises £14 million (2010 – £15 million) of assets classified as held for sale in current assets.

(b)  US dollar includes £3 million (2010 – £3 million) of assets classified as held for sale in current assets.

84   Tate & Lyle Annual Report 2011

2011
£m

14
12
8
2

36 

31 March
2010
£m

15
9
6
2

32

 
 
 
 
19  Financial instruments by category

Set out below is a comparison by category of carrying values and fair values of all of the Group’s financial assets and financial liabilities as at  
31 March 2011 and 31 March 2010.

Available-for-sale financial assets
Trade and other receivables
Cash and cash equivalents
Derivative financial instruments – assets
Borrowings
Derivative financial instruments – liabilities
Trade and other payables

Total

Available-for-sale financial assets
Trade and other receivables
Cash and cash equivalents
Derivative financial instruments – assets
Borrowings
Derivative financial instruments – liabilities
Trade and other payables

Total

Amortised 
cost
£m

Notes

18
23
33
20
28
20
27

Notes

18
23
33
20
28
20
27

–
274
654
–
(736)
–
(400)

 (208)

Amortised 
cost
£m

–
398
504
–
(819)
–
(465)

(382)

Derivatives 
and other 
items in a 
hedging 
relationship
£m

–
–
–
42
(378)
(55)
–

(391) 

Derivatives 
and other 
items in a 
hedging 
relationship
£m

–
–
–
48
(490)
(75)
–

(517)

Held for 
trading
£m

Available- 
for-sale
£m

–
–
–
141
–
(127)
–

14

19
–
–
–
–
–
–

19

Held for 
trading
£m

Available- 
 for-sale
£m

–
–
–
151
–
(117)
–

34

14
–
–
–
–
–
–

14

31 March 2011

Fair 
 value
£m

19
274
654
183
(1 154)
(182)
(400)

(606) 

31 March 2010

Fair 
 value
£m

14
398
504
199
(1 318)
(192)
(465)

(860)

Total 
 carrying 
value
£m

19
274
654
183
(1 114)
(182)
(400)

(566)

Total 
 carrying 
 value
£m

14
398
504
199
(1 309)
(192)
(465)

(851)

Trade and other receivables presented above excludes £18 million (2010 – £28 million) relating to prepayments.

Trade and other payables presented above excludes £7 million (2010 – £12 million) relating to social security. At 31 March 2010, £9 million in 
respect of deferred income relating to Transitional Aid was excluded. 

Included in borrowings are other items in a hedging relationship which are held at amortised cost with a fair value adjustment applied, as they  
are in a fair value hedge.

Fair value hierarchy

Set out below is how the Group’s financial instruments measured at fair value, fit within the following fair value hierarchy:

−  quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (level 1);
− 
− 

inputs other than quoted prices included within level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly (level 2);
inputs for the asset or liability that are not based on observable market data (level 3).

The following tables illustrate the Group’s financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value at 31 March 2011 and 31 March 2010:

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Assets at fair value
Available-for-sale financial assets
Derivative financial instruments:
– currency swaps
– interest rate swaps
– forward foreign exchange contracts
– commodity pricing contracts

Assets at fair value

Liabilities at fair value
Derivative financial instruments:
– currency swaps
– interest rate swaps
– forward foreign exchange contracts
– commodity pricing contracts
Borrowings

Liabilities at fair value

Notes

Level 1
£m

Level 2
£m

Level 3
£m

18

20
20
20
20

20
20
20
20

–

–
–
–
53

53

–
–
–
(21)
–

(21) 

–

16
40
10
50

116

(46)
(14)
(10)
(77)
(378)

(525)

19

–
–
–
14

33

–
–
–
(14)
–

(14)

31 March 2011

Total
£m

19

16
40
10
117

202

(46)
(14)
(10)
(112)
(378)

(560)

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Tate & Lyle Annual Report 2011   85

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the consolidated financial statements

19  Financial instruments by category (continued)

Assets at fair value
Available-for-sale financial assets
Derivative financial instruments:
– currency swaps
– interest rate swaps
– forward foreign exchange contracts
– commodity pricing contracts

Assets at fair value

Liabilities at fair value
Derivative financial instruments:
– currency swaps
– interest rate swaps
– forward foreign exchange contracts
– commodity pricing contracts
Borrowings

Liabilities at fair value

Notes

Level 1
£m

Level 2
£m

Level 3
£m

18

20
20
20
20

20
20
20
20

–

–
–
–
61

61

–
–
–
(86)
–

(86)

–

28
38
4
58

128

(58)
(17)
(10)
(18)
(490)

(593)

14

–
–
–
10

24

–
–
–
(3)
–

(3)

31 March 2010

Total
£m

14

28
38
4
129

213

(58)
(17)
(10)
(107)
(490)

(682)

Level 1 financial instruments
The fair value of financial instruments traded in active markets (commodity futures) is based on quoted market prices at the balance sheet date.  
A market is regarded as active if quoted prices are readily and regularly available from an exchange, dealer, broker, industry group, pricing service, 
or regulatory agency, and those prices represent actual and regularly occurring market transactions on an arm’s length basis.

Level 2 financial instruments
The fair values of financial instruments that are not traded in an active market (interest rate swaps, cross currency swaps, commodity pricing 
contracts and forward foreign exchange contracts) are determined by using valuation techniques. These valuation techniques maximise the use of 
observable market data where it is available and rely as little as possible on entity specific estimates.

The fair value of interest rate swaps, currency swaps and forward foreign exchange contracts is calculated as the present value of the future cash 
flows based on observable inputs drawn from interest yield curves sourced from a reputable third party source. 

The amount shown within level 2 for borrowings only includes those borrowings which are designated as hedged items in fair value hedges with 
respect to interest rate risk and whose carrying amount is adjusted for the gain or loss on the hedged item attributable to the hedged risk.

Level 3 financial instruments
The fair value of financial instruments is based on unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity at the balance sheet date. 
These inputs generally reflect the entity’s own assumptions about how a market participant would reasonably be expected to determine the price  
of a financial instrument.

For commodity pricing contracts, in evaluating the significance of fair value inputs, the Group generally classifies assets or liabilities as level 3 when 
their fair value is determined using unobservable inputs that individually, or when aggregated with other unobservable inputs represent more than 
10% of the fair value of the observable inputs of the assets or liabilities.

Available-for-sale financial assets which are analysed at level 3 primarily represent investments in unlisted securities. The fair values of the unlisted 
securities are approximated at cost. Hence, value is adjusted only for permanent impairment and for no other movement.

For financial instruments in level 3, the Group does not consider that changes to inputs to reasonable alternatives would have a material impact on 
the income statement or equity.

The following table reconciles the movement in the Group’s financial instruments classified in level 3 of the fair value hierarchy:

Commodity 
pricing  
contracts 
 – assets
£m

Commodity 
pricing  
contracts  
– liabilities
£m

Available-  
for-sale  
assets
£m

21
10
–
(21)

10

14
–
–
(10)

14

–
(3)
–
–

(3)

(14)
–
–
3

(14)

11
–
3
–

14

–
1
5
(1)

19

Total
£m

32
7
3
(21)

21

–
1
5
(8)

19

At 1 April 2009
Total gains or losses in operating profit
Purchases
Settlements

At 31 March 2010
Total gains or losses:
– in operating profit
– in other comprehensive income
Purchases
Settlements

At 31 March 2011

86   Tate & Lyle Annual Report 2011

 
 
 
 
20  Derivative financial instruments

Non-current derivative financial instruments used  
to manage the Group’s net debt profile
Currency swaps: 
– net investment hedges
– fair value, net investment and cash flow hedges
– held for trading
Interest rate swaps:
– fair value hedges
– held for trading

Current derivative financial instruments used  
to manage the Group’s net debt profile
Currency swaps – accrued interest
Interest rate swaps – accrued interest

Total derivative financial instruments used 
to manage the Group’s net debt profile

Other non-current derivative financial instruments
Forward foreign exchange contracts – cash flow hedges
Commodity pricing contracts – cash flow hedges

Other current derivative financial instruments
Forward foreign exchange contracts:  
– cash flow hedges
– held for trading
Commodity pricing contracts: 
– cash flow hedges
– held for trading

Total other derivative financial instruments

Total derivative financial instruments

Presented in the statement of financial position as follows:
Non-current derivative financial instruments
Current derivative financial instruments

31 March 2011

31 March 2010

Assets  
£m

Liabilities 
£m

Assets 
£m

Liabilities 
£m

–
–
12

24
10

46

4
6

10

56

1
1

2

9
–

3
113

125

127

183

48
135

 183

(43)
–
(1)

–
(11)

(55)

(2)
(3)

(5)

(60)

(1)
–

(1)

(9)
–

(1)
(111)

(121)

(122)

(182)

(56)
(126)

(182)

–
–
16

22
9

47

12
7

19

66

1
1

2

3
–

2
126

131

133

199

49
150

199

–
(51)
(2)

(3)
(11)

(67)

(5)
(3)

(8)

(75)

–
–

–

(6)
(4)

(7)
(100)

(117)

(117)

(192)

(67)
(125)

(192)

The ineffective portion recognised in operating profit that arises from cash flow hedges amounts to £nil (2010 – £3 million loss).

The ineffective portion recognised in operating profit that arises from net investment hedges amounts to £nil (2010 – £1 million gain).

The ineffective portion recognised in net finance expense that arises from fair value hedges amounts to £nil (2010 – £1 million gain). 

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Tate & Lyle Annual Report 2011   87

 
 
 
 
Notes to the consolidated financial statements

20  Derivative financial instruments (continued) 

Cash flow hedges
The Group employs forward foreign exchange contracts and commodity pricing contracts to hedge cash flow risk associated with forecast 
transactions. The notional principal amounts of the outstanding forward foreign exchange contracts are as follows:

Euro
US dollar
Sterling
Singapore dollar
Other

2011
£m

6
(33)
1
30
(3) 

31 March
2010
£m

(68)
(30)
75
25
(4)

Gains and losses recognised in the hedging reserve in equity (Note 25) on forward foreign exchange and commodity pricing contracts as of  
31 March 2011 will be released to the income statement at various dates up to 17 months from the balance sheet date.

Fair value hedges
The Group employs currency and interest rate swap contracts to hedge the currency and interest rate risks associated with its borrowings.  
The notional principal amounts of the outstanding interest rate and currency swap contracts applied in fair value hedging relationships as of  
31 March 2011 were £353 million and £nil respectively (2010 – £364 million and £100 million respectively).

Net investment hedges
The Group employs currency swap contracts to hedge the currency risk associated with its net investments in subsidiaries located primarily  
in the USA and Europe. The notional principal amounts of the outstanding currency swap contracts applied in net investment hedging relationships 
as of 31 March 2011 were £290 million (31 March 2010 – £298 million). Within net investment hedging gains, a fair value gain of £7 million (2010 – 
£6 million gain) on translation of the currency swap contracts to pounds sterling at the balance sheet date was recognised in the translation reserve 
in shareholders’ equity (Note 25).

In addition, at 31 March 2011, of the Group’s borrowings, a total of £351 million (2010 – £564 million) is designated as hedges of the net 
investments in overseas subsidiaries.

Debt-related derivatives held for trading
Certain currency swap contracts associated with the partial repurchase of the 6.5% Guaranteed Notes 2012 were closed out during the year ended 
31 March 2010 by entering into offsetting currency swap contracts. These swaps do not qualify for hedge accounting. The notional amounts of the 
outstanding currency swap contracts not designated within hedge relationships as at 31 March 2011 were £192 million (2010 – £203 million).

Some of the Group’s interest rate swap contracts hedge the Group’s exposure to interest rate risk, but do not qualify for hedge accounting.  
The notional amounts of the outstanding interest rate swap contracts not designated within hedge relationships as of 31 March 2011 were 
£218 million (2010 – £231 million).

Trading contracts
Commodity pricing contracts held for trading relate to the Group’s commodity trading activities which are undertaken for the purposes of supporting 
underlying operations. Foreign exchange contracts held for trading are undertaken to hedge anticipated future contractual cash flows within the 
Group’s cereal sweetners and starches business.

88   Tate & Lyle Annual Report 2011

 
21  Financial risk factors

Management of financial risk
The key financial risks faced by the Group are credit risk, liquidity risk, and market risks, which include interest rate risk, foreign exchange risk and 
certain commodity price risks. The Board regularly reviews these risks and approves written policies covering the use of financial instruments to 
manage these risks and sets overall risk limits. 

The Chief Financial Officer retains the overall responsibility for management of financial risk for the Group. Most of the Group’s financing, interest 
rate and foreign exchange risk are managed through the Group treasury company, Tate & Lyle International Finance PLC, whose operations are 
controlled by its board. The treasury company is chaired by the Chief Financial Officer and has other board members who are independent of the 
treasury function. The board of Tate & Lyle International Finance PLC approves policies and procedures setting out permissible funding and hedging 
instruments, and a system of authorities for the approval of transactions and exposures within the limits approved by the Board of Tate & Lyle PLC.

Group interest rate and currency exposures are concentrated either in the treasury company or in appropriate holding companies through market-
related transactions with Group subsidiaries. These positions are managed by the treasury company within its authorised limits.

Commodity price risks are managed through divisional commodity trading functions in the USA and Europe. These functions are controlled by 
divisional management who are responsible for ratifying general strategy and overseeing performance on a monthly basis. Commodity price 
contracts are categorised as being held either for trading or for hedging price exposures. Commodity contracts held for trading within the Group  
are limited, confined only to tightly controlled areas within the corn pricing areas.

The derivative financial instruments approved by the Board of Tate & Lyle PLC to manage financial risks include swaps, both interest rate and 
currency, swaptions, caps, forward rate agreements, financial and commodity forward contracts and options, and commodity futures. 

Market risks
Foreign exchange management
Tate & Lyle operates internationally and is exposed to foreign exchange risks arising from commercial transactions (transaction exposure), and from 
recognised assets, liabilities and investments in overseas operations (translation exposure).

Transaction exposure
The Group’s policy requires subsidiaries to hedge transactional currency exposures against their functional currency once the transaction is 
committed or highly probable, mainly through the use of forward foreign exchange contracts.

The amounts deferred in equity from derivative financial instruments designated as cash flow hedges are released to the income statement and 
offset against the movement in underlying transactions only when the forecast transactions affect the income statement.

Translation exposure
The Group manages the foreign exchange exposure to net investments in overseas operations, particularly in the USA and Europe, by maintaining 
a percentage of net debt in US dollars and euro to mitigate the effect of these risks. This is achieved by borrowing principally in US dollars and 
euro, which provide a partial match for the Group’s major foreign currency assets. The Group also manages its foreign exchange exposure to net 
investments in overseas operations through the use of currency swap contracts. The amount deferred in equity from derivative financial instruments 
designated as net investment hedges is offset against the foreign currency translation effect of the net investment in overseas operations, and is 
released to the income statement upon disposal of those investments.

A weakening of the US dollar and euro against sterling would result in exchange gains on net debt denominated in these currencies which would  
be offset against the losses on the underlying foreign currency assets. At the year end, net debt amounting to £464 million (2010 – £814 million) 
was held in the following currencies: net borrowings of US dollars 98% (2010 – 76%), euro 35% (2010 – 20%), net deposits of pounds sterling  
28% (2010 – net borrowings of 7%) and other currencies 5% (2010 – 3%). The Group’s interest cost through the income statement is impacted  
by changes in the relevant exchange rates.

The following table illustrates only the Group’s sensitivity to the fluctuation of the major currencies on its financial assets and liabilities, as defined 
and set out in Note 19:

Sterling/US dollar 5% change
Sterling/euro 5% change

31 March 2011

31 March 2010

Income 
statement
–/+£m

1
 –

Equity
–/+£m

23
11 

Income 
statement
–/+£m

–
–

Equity
–/+£m

28
15

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Interest rate management
The Group has an exposure to interest rate risk, arising principally from changes in US dollar, sterling and euro interest rates. This risk is  
managed by fixing or capping portions of debt using interest rate derivatives to achieve a target level of fixed/floating rate net debt, which aims  
to optimise net finance expense and reduce volatility in reported earnings. The Group’s policy is that between 30% and 75% of Group net debt 
(excluding the Group’s share of joint-venture net debt) is fixed or capped (excluding out-of-the-money caps) for more than one year and that no 
interest rates are fixed for more than 12 years. At 31 March 2011, the longest term of any fixed rate debt held by the Group was until November 
2019 (2010 – November 2019). The proportion of net debt at 31 March 2011 (excluding the Group’s share of joint-venture net debt) that was  
fixed or capped for more than one year was 85% (2010 – 82%). A derogation of the maximum percentage of fixed rate debt was approved by  
the Tate & Lyle PLC Board until 30 June 2011.

The Group considers a 100 basis point change in interest rates a reasonably possible change except where rates are less than 100 basis points.  
In these instances it is assumed that the interest rates increase by 100 basis points and decrease to zero for the purpose of performing the 
sensitivity analysis. The impact is calculated with reference to the gross debt and cash held as at 31 March 2011 assuming that other variables 
remain unchanged. 

If interest rates increase by 100 basis points, Group profit before tax will increase by approximately £2 million (2010 – £1 million). If interest rates 
decrease by 100 basis points, or less where applicable, Group profit before tax will decrease by approximately £1 million (2010 – £1 million).

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Tate & Lyle Annual Report 2011   89

 
 
 
 
Notes to the consolidated financial statements

21  Financial risk factors (continued)

Price risk management
Tate & Lyle participates mainly in four markets: food and beverage; industrial ingredients; pharmaceutical and personal care; and animal feed.  
Food and beverage and industrial ingredients are the most significant. All ingredients are produced from renewable crops, predominantly  
corn (maize).

Tate & Lyle is exposed to movements in the future prices of commodities in those domestic and international markets where the Group buys and 
sells corn and energy for production. Commodity futures, forwards and options are used where available to hedge inventories and the costs of raw 
materials for unpriced and prospective contracts not covered by forward product sales. In most cases, these hedging contracts mature within one 
year and are either traded on recognised exchanges or over the counter.

The table below illustrates the sensitivity of the Group’s commodity pricing contracts as of 31 March to the price movement of commodities. 

Corn 30% change

31 March 2011

31 March 2010

Income 
statement
–/+£m

2 

Equity
–/+£m

–

Income 
statement
–/+£m

2

Equity
–/+£m

–

The majority of the Group’s commodity pricing contracts are held for trading and changes in mark-to-market values of these contracts are taken 
directly into the income statement. Amounts deferred in equity from commodity pricing contracts designated as cash flow hedges are released to 
the income statement and offset against the movement in underlying transactions when they occur. 

Credit risk management
Counterparty credit risk arises from the placing of deposits and entering into derivative financial instrument contracts with banks and financial 
institutions, as well as credit exposures inherent within the Group’s outstanding receivables.

The Group manages credit risk by entering into financial instrument contracts only with highly credit-rated authorised counterparties which are 
reviewed and approved annually by the Board. 

The Group has Board approved maximum counterparty exposure limits for specified banks and financial institutions based on the long-term credit 
ratings of Standard & Poor’s and Moody’s (typically single A long-term credit ratings or higher). Trading limits assigned to commercial customers are 
based on ratings from Dun & Bradstreet and Credit Risk Monitor. In cases where published financial ratings are not available or inconclusive, credit 
application, reference checking, and obtaining of customers’ confidential financial information such as liquidity and turnover ratio, are required to 
evaluate customer’s credit worthiness.

Counterparties’ positions are monitored on a regular basis to ensure that they are within the approved limits and there are no significant 
concentrations of credit risks.

The Group considers its maximum exposure to credit risk as follows:

Cash and cash equivalents
Trade and other receivables
Derivative financial instruments – assets
Available-for-sale financial assets

2011
£m

654
274
183
19 

31 March
2010
£m

504
398
199
14

The Group’s trade receivables are short term in nature and largely comprise amounts receivable from business customers. There are no amounts 
included in trade receivables in respect of securitised receivables (2010 – £nil). Concentrations of credit risk with respect to trade receivables are 
limited due to the Group’s having a number of key quality customers and a customer base which is large, unrelated and internationally dispersed.

Liquidity risk management
The Group manages its exposure to liquidity risk and ensures maximum flexibility in meeting changing business needs, by maintaining access to 
a wide range of funding sources, including capital markets and bank borrowings. Capital market issues outstanding at 31 March 2011 include the 
US$300 million 6.125% 144A bond maturing in June 2011, the £100 million 6.50% bond maturing in June 2012, the US$500 million 5.00% 144A 
bond maturing in November 2014, the US$250 million 6.625% 144A bond maturing in June 2016, and the £200 million 6.75% bond maturing in 
November 2019.

The Group ensures that it has sufficient undrawn committed bank facilities to provide liquidity back-up to cover its funding requirements for  
the foreseeable future. The Group has a core committed bank facility of US$1 billion which matures in October 2012. This facility is unsecured  
and contains common financial covenants for Tate & Lyle and its subsidiary companies that the pre-exceptional and amortisation interest cover  
ratio should not be less than 2.5 times and the multiple of net debt to EBITDA, as defined in our financial covenants, should not be greater  
than 4.0 times.

The Group monitors compliance against all its financial obligations and it is Group policy to manage the consolidated statement of financial  
position so as to operate well within these covenanted restrictions. In both the current and comparative reporting period, the Group complied  
with its financial covenants at all measurement points. The majority of the Group’s borrowings are raised through the Group treasury company,  
Tate & Lyle International Finance PLC, and are then on-lent to the business units on an arm’s length basis.

90   Tate & Lyle Annual Report 2011

 
 
21  Financial risk factors (continued) 

Current Group policy is to ensure that, after subtracting the total of undrawn committed facilities, no more than 10% of gross debt matures  
within 12 months and no more than 35% has a maturity within two and a half years. At 31 March 2011, after subtracting total undrawn committed 
facilities, there was no debt maturing within two and a half years (2010 – none). The average maturity of the Group’s gross debt was 4.8 years 
(2010 – 5.4 years). At the year end the Group held cash and cash equivalents of £654 million (2010 – £504 million) and had committed facilities 
of £623 million (2010 – £659 million) of which £623 million (2010 – £515 million) was undrawn. These resources are maintained to provide liquidity 
back-up and to meet the projected maximum cash outflow from debt repayment, capital expenditure and seasonal working capital needs  
foreseen for at least a year into the future at any one time.

The table below analyses the Group’s non-derivative financial liabilities and derivative assets and liabilities based on the remaining period at the 
balance sheet date to the contractual maturity date. The amounts disclosed in the table are the contractual undiscounted cash flows.

Liquidity analysis

Borrowings including finance leases
Interest on borrowings
Trade and other payables
Derivative contracts: 
– receipts
– payments
Commodity contracts

Borrowings including finance leases
Interest on borrowings
Trade and other payables
Derivative contracts:
– receipts
– payments
Commodity contracts

<1 year
£m 

1-5 years
£m

31 March 2011

>5 years
£m

(229)
(52)
(406)

361
(346)
 (5)

(436)
(151)
(1)

970
(990)
 –

(418)
(68)
–

–
–
– 

<1 year
£m 

1-5 years
£m

31 March 2010

>5 years
£m

(191)
(61)
(474)

407
(394)
(123)

(653)
(185)
(1)

778
(802)
(3)

(435)
(96)
–

–
–
–

Included in borrowings are £2,394,000 of 6.5% cumulative preference shares. Only one year’s worth of interest payable on these cumulative 
preference shares is included in the less than one year category above.

Interest on borrowings is calculated based on borrowings held at year end without taking into account future issues. Floating-rate interest is 
calculated using forward interest rates derived from interest rate yield curves as at year end.

Derivative contracts include currency swaps, forward exchange contracts and interest rate swaps. All commodity pricing contracts such as options 
and futures are shown separately under commodity contracts.

Commodity contracts include only net settled commodity derivative contracts and gross settled commodity purchase contracts with negative fair 
values. Purchase contracts outflows represent actual contractual cash flows under the purchase contracts and not their fair values. Cash outflows 
from the purchase contracts are offset by cash inflows received from sale contracts; however, these inflows are not included as part of this analysis.

Financial liabilities denominated in currencies other than pounds sterling are converted to pounds sterling using year end exchange rates.

Capital risk management
The Group’s primary objectives in managing its capital are to safeguard the business as a going concern; to maintain sufficient financial flexibility  
to undertake its investment plans; to retain as a minimum an investment grade credit rating which enables consistent access to debt capital 
markets; and to optimise capital structure in order to reduce the cost of capital. The Group’s financial profile and level of financial risk is assessed  
on a regular basis in the light of changes to the economic conditions, business environment, the Group’s business profile and the risk 
characteristics of its businesses.

Tate & Lyle has contractual relationships with Moody’s and Standard and Poor’s (S&P) for the provision of credit ratings, and it is the Group’s policy 
to keep them informed of all major developments. At 31 March 2011, the long-term credit rating from Moody’s was Baa3 (stable outlook) and from 
S&P was BBB– (stable outlook). The Group is committed to maintaining investment grade credit ratings.

The Group regards its total capital as follows:

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Net debt
Total shareholders’ equity

Total capital

Notes

34

2011
£m

464
973

1 437

31 March
2010
£m

814
854

1 668

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Tate & Lyle Annual Report 2011   91

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the consolidated financial statements

21  Financial risk factors (continued)

The Board of Tate & Lyle PLC has set two ongoing key performance indicators (KPIs) to measure the Group’s financial strength. The target levels  
for these financial KPIs are that the ratio of net debt/EBITDA should not exceed 2.0 times and interest cover should exceed 5 times. These ratios 
are calculated on the same basis as the external financial covenants noted above. The ratios for these KPIs for the financial years ended  
31 March 2011 and 31 March 2010 are:

Net debt/EBITDA
Interest cover

22  Inventories

Raw materials and consumables
Work in progress
Finished goods

Total

2011

1.1
6.9 

2011
£m

288
16
150

454 

31 March
2010

1.8
5.8

31 March
2010
£m

202
19
188

409

Finished goods inventories of £4 million (2010 – £2 million) are carried at realisable value, this being lower than cost. Inventories of £197 million  
(2010 – £60 million) are carried at market value.

In 2010, the Group recognised an impairment charge of £4 million against finished goods inventories at its sugar refining business in Israel, which 
was included in exceptional items. The sugar refining business in Israel has been classed as an asset held for sale at 31 March 2011 and is reported 
in discontinued operations.

23  Trade and other receivables

Non-current trade and other receivables
Other receivables

Total

Current trade and other receivables
Trade receivables
Less: provision for impairment of receivables

Trade receivables – net
Prepayments and accrued income
Margin deposits
Government grants receivable
Other receivables

Total

2011
£m

1

1

2011
£m

263
(19)

244
18
5
–
24

291

31 March
2010
£m

2

2

31 March
2010
£m

329
(24)

305
28
45
3
43

424

The fair values of the non-current trade and other receivables are not materially different from their carrying values. The fair values of the current 
trade and other receivables are equivalent to their carrying values due to being short-term in nature.

There is limited credit risk with respect to trade receivables, as the Group has a number of key quality customers and a large number of 
internationally dispersed customers. The carrying value of trade and other receivables represents the maximum credit exposure.

Government grants receivable relate to the Transitional Aid and Restructuring Aid provisions of the EU Sugar Regime. These amounts were 
receivable subject to audit by the governments of the jurisdictions to which they relate.

The carrying amount of trade and other receivables are denominated in the following currencies:

US dollar
Euro (note a)
Sterling
Other

Total

2011
£m

142
75
19
56

292

31 March
2010
£m

231
98
31
66

426

(a)   Includes £nil of government grants receivable under the Transitional Aid and Restructuring Aid provisions of the EU Sugar Regime  

(2010 – £3 million).

92   Tate & Lyle Annual Report 2011

 
 
 
 
 
23  Trade and other receivables (continued)

Provision for impairment of receivables

At 1 April
Charge for the year
Reversal of impairment
Disposal of businesses
Exchange

At 31 March

2011
£m

(24)
(1)
–
5
1

(19)

31 March
2010
£m

(21)
(3)
1
–
(1)

(24)

The creation and release of provision for impaired receivables have been included in the income statement. 

The Group recognised a loss of £1 million (2010 – £3 million) for impairment of its trade receivables during the year. The loss is solely from 
continuing operations and has been included in operating profit in the income statement (Note 6).

As at 31 March 2011, trade receivables of £37 million (2010 – £63 million) were past due but not impaired. The ageing analysis of these trade 
receivables is as follows:

Up to 30 days past due
1–3 months past due
Over 3 months past due

Total

24  Share capital and share premium

At 1 April 2009
Proceeds from issuance of ordinary shares
Issue of shares for scrip dividends
Capitalised on scrip dividends

At 31 March 2010
Proceeds from issuance of ordinary shares
Issue of shares for scrip dividends
Capitalised on scrip dividends

At 31 March 2011

2011
£m

26
1
10

37 

31 March
2010
£m

42
4
17

63

Ordinary 
share capital 
£m 

Share
premium
£m

115
 –   
 –   
 –   

115
 –   
2
 –   

117

404
1
2
(2)

405
1
33
(33)

406

Total
£m

519
1
2
(2)

520
1
35
(33)

523

Ordinary shares carry the right to participate in dividends and each share entitles the holder to one vote on matters requiring shareholder approval.

Allotted, called up and fully paid equity share capital

At 1 April
Allotted under share option schemes
Scrip dividend shares issued

At 31 March

Year to 31 March 2011

Year to 31 March 2010

Shares

460 575 700
217 743
7 317 897

468 111 340 

£m

115
–
2

Shares

460 012 801
48 287
514 612

117 

460 575 700

£m

115
–
–

115

Treasury shares and shares held in ESOP trust
As at 31 March 2011, the Group held 175,328 shares (2010 – 512,490 shares) in Treasury.

During the year 337,162 shares (2010 – 816,012 shares) were released from Treasury to satisfy share options exercised.

The shares held in Treasury at 31 March 2011 represented less than 0.1% (2010 – 0.1%) of the Parent company’s share capital at the year end, 
and have a nominal value of less than £0.1 million (2010 – £0.1 million).

As at 31 March 2011, the Group held 2,713,694 shares (2010 – 3,141,100 shares) in an ESOP trust at a nominal value of 25p and a market  
value of 577.5p (2010 – 454.2p).

During the year ended 31 March 2011, shareholders were given the option to receive the final dividend relating to the prior year and the interim 
dividend relating to the current year in the form of a scrip issue. On 30 July 2010 and 7 January 2011, the Group issued 5,716,625 shares and 
1,601,272 shares respectively for scrip at a nominal value per share of 25p and a cash equivalent value of £35 million.

Tate & Lyle Annual Report 2011   93

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Notes to the consolidated financial statements

24  Share capital and share premium (continued) 

Analysis of ordinary shareholders

Up to 500 shares of 25p each
501 – 1 000
1 001 – 1 500
1 501 – 2 000
2 001 – 5 000
5 001 – 10 000
10 001 – 200 000
200 001 – 500 000
Above 500 000

Total

25  Other reserves

At 31 March 2009
Cash flow hedges:
– fair value gains in the year
– reclassified and reported in the income statement during the year
– tax effect of the above movements
Loss on revaluation of available-for-sale financial assets
Currency translation differences:
– net investment hedging gains in the year
Net exchange differences on consolidation

At 31 March 2010

Cash flow hedges:
– fair value gains in the year
– reclassified and reported in the income statement during the year
– tax effect of the above movements
Gain on revaluation of available-for-sale financial assets
Currency translation differences:
– net investment hedging gains in the year
Net exchange differences on consolidation
Items transferred to the income statement on disposal

At 31 March 2011

Number of
holdings

5 133
4 340
2 262
1 555
2 449
560
586
102
130

%

30.0
25.3
13.2
9.1
14.3
3.3
3.4
0.6
0.8

Total

1 362 081
3 408 994
2 818 630
2 814 748
7 603 898
3 943 911
29 665 839 
33 304 495
383 188 744

31 March 2011

%

0.3
0.8
0.6
0.6
1.6
0.8
6.3
7.1
81.9

17 117

100.0

468 111 340

100.0

Hedging 
 reserve
£m

(23)

13
11
(4)
–

–
–

(3)

9
9
(5)
–

–
–
(3) 

7

Translation 
reserve
£m

123

Other  
reserves  
(note a)
£m

119

–
–
–
–

58
(67)

114

–
–
–
–

29
(65)
(20)

58

–
–
–
(10)

–
–

109

–
–
–
1

–
–
–

110

Total
£m

219

13
11
(4)
(10)

58
(67)

220

9
9
(5)
1

29
(65)
(23)

175

(a)   Other reserves include the merger reserve, the available-for-sale fair value reserve, and the statutory reserves of certain overseas subsidiaries,  

all of which are non-distributable.

94   Tate & Lyle Annual Report 2011

 
26  Share-based payments

During the year to 31 March 2011, various equity-settled share-based payment arrangements existed, as set out below. The grants made during 
the year and the prior year were as follows:

Type of arrangement

Timing of grant

Number of options/shares granted  

in year to 31 March 2011

Number of options/shares granted  

in year to 31 March 2010

Fair value per share for 2011 grant (pence)

Fair value per share for 2010 grant (pence)

 Performance 
share plan   

Bi-annually 

3 305 524

5 001 896

381

234

 Executive  
share option 
scheme  

Annually  
in June  
(note a)  

Deferred  
bonus  
share plan  

Annually  
in July   

Duration 
 in years

Sharesave scheme

Annually  
in June   

Annually in 
December  

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

3
5

3
5

3
5

3
5

–
–

–
–

–
–

–
–

14 218
7 482

85 632
45 453

84
94

90
97

Valuation basis
Contractual life
Vesting conditions

Monte Carlo
10 years
(note b)

Binomial Lattice
10 years
(note c)

Monte Carlo
3 years
(note d)

Black-Scholes
3/5 years
(note e)

Black-Scholes
3/5 years
(note e)

(a)  The last grant under this scheme was made in June 2004.

(b)  For the year ended 31 March 2011, exercise of 3,305,524 shares is dependent 50% on adjusted diluted earnings per share and 50% on return 

on capital employed.

 For the year ended 31 March 2010, exercise of 419,403 shares was not subject to any performance conditions, exercise of 269,616 shares 
was dependent on total shareholder return and the exercise of 4,312,877 shares was dependent 50% on total shareholder return and 50% on 
adjusted diluted earnings per share.

(c)   Exercise is dependent on earnings per share performance relative to inflation over a three-year period following grant. Participants are not 

entitled to dividends prior to the exercise of options.

(d)  Executives have previously had the opportunity to defer up to 50% of their annual cash bonus (after deduction of tax, national insurance or other 
social security payments) and invest the amount deferred in the Company’s shares. Subject to the satisfaction of employment conditions and 
a performance target over the performance period as described in (b) above, participants received awards of matching shares based on the 
number of shares which could have been acquired from the gross bonus amount deferred by the participant. During the performance period, 
dividends were paid on the deferred shares but not on matching shares. This plan was suspended during the year ended 31 March 2009.

(e)   Options granted in the years to 31 March 2010 and 31 March 2011 were by invitation at a 10% discount to the market price. Options are 

exercisable at the end of a three-year or five-year savings contract.

The Group recognised total expenses before tax of £9 million (2010 – £5 million) related to equity-settled share-based payment transactions  
during the year.

Details of the movements for equity-settled share option schemes during the year to 31 March were as follows:

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Outstanding at 1 April
Granted
Exercised
Lapsed

Outstanding at 31 March

31 March 2011

 31 March 2010

Weighted 
average 
exercise  
price
pence

72
3
331
54

33

Shares
number

9 780 720
5 132 981
(1 064 000)
(2 694 760)

11 154 941

Weighted 
average 
 exercise 
 price
pence

111
11
174
55

72

Shares
number

11 154 941
3 327 224
(982 311)
(2 240 878)

11 258 976

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Tate & Lyle Annual Report 2011   95

   
   
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the consolidated financial statements

26  Share-based payments (continued)

The weighted average Tate & Lyle PLC share price at the date of exercise for share options exercised during the year was 514 pence (2010 – 
377 pence). At 31 March 2011, 1,008,988 (2010 – 1,728,068) of the outstanding options were exercisable at a weighted average exercise price  
of 332 pence (2010 – 330 pence). A detailed breakdown of the range of exercise prices for options outstanding at 31 March is shown in the  
table below:

At nil cost
£0.01 to £1.99
£2.00 to £3.99
£4.00 to £7.99

Total

Year to 31 March 2011

Year to 31 March 2010

Number 
outstanding  
at end of year  

10 183 236
–
1 002 184
73 556

11 258 976

Weighted 
average 
remaining 
contractual  
life in months 

Weighted 
average 
exercise 
 price 
 pence 

51.1
–
31.4
38.1

49.2

–
–
338
449

33

  Number 
outstanding  
at end of year 

8 864 912
–
2 044 399
245 630

11 154 941

Weighted 
average 
remaining 
contractual  
life in months 

55.5
–
40.9
36.5

52.4

Weighted 
average 
 exercise  
price  
pence 

–
–
341
443

72

The fair value of grants is measured using the valuation technique that is considered to be the most appropriate to value each class of grant.  
These include Binomial Lattice models, Black-Scholes calculations and Monte Carlo simulations. These valuations take into account factors such as 
non-transferability, exercise restrictions and behavioural considerations. Key assumptions are detailed below:

At 31 March 2011

Expected volatility
Expected life
Risk-free rate
Expected dividend yield
Forfeiture rate
Correlation with comparators
Volatility of comparators
Expectations of meeting performance criteria
Weighted average market price at date of grant (pence)

At 31 March 2010

Expected volatility
Expected life
Risk-free rate
Expected dividend yield
Forfeiture rate
Correlation with comparators
Volatility of comparators
Expectations of meeting performance criteria
Weighted average market price at date of grant (pence)

 Performance 
share plan 

Sharesave 
scheme 
December 

n/a
35%
n/a 3.3/5.3 years
2.1%/3.0%
5.5%
10%
n/a
n/a
n/a
538

–
5.2%
0%
n/a
n/a
100%
443

 Performance 
share plan 

40%
n/a
–
5.15%-7.8%
0%
35%
26%-144%
100%
346

Sharesave 
scheme 
December 

35%
3.3/5.3 years
3%/3.4%
5.7%
10%
n/a
n/a
n/a
418

The expected volatility is based on the Company’s historical volatility over the three-year period prior to each award date. 

27  Trade and other payables

Non-current payables
Accruals and deferred income
Other payables

Total

Current payables
Trade payables
Social security
Deferred consideration (note a)
Accruals and deferred income (note b)
Margin payables
Other payables

Total

2011 
£m

1
–

1 

2011 
£m

245
7
7
76
6
65

406 

31 March
2010
£m

–
1

1

31 March
2010
£m

302
12
7
126
–
38

485

(a)  Deferred consideration relates to the acquisition of G. C. Hahn & Co. (Note 37).

(b)   Includes government grant deferred income of £nil (2010 – £9 million) under the Transitional Aid provisions of the EU Sugar Regime.

96   Tate & Lyle Annual Report 2011

 
 
 
 
28  Borrowings

Non-current borrowings

Unsecured borrowings
2,394,000 6.5% cumulative preference shares of £1 each (2010 – £2,394,000) (note a)
Industrial Revenue Bonds 2016-2036 (US$92,000,000)
6.125% Guaranteed Notes 2011 (US$300,000,000)
6.5% Guaranteed Notes 2012 (£100,000,000) (note b)
5.0% Guaranteed Notes 2014 (US$500,000,000)
6.625% Guaranteed Notes 2016 (US$250,000,000)
6.75% Guaranteed Notes 2019 (£200,000,000)

Bank loans
Variable unsecured loans (US$)

Other borrowings
Obligations under finance leases

Total non-current borrowings

2011 
£m

2
57
–
104
328
170
201

862

7

7

18

18

887 

31 March
2010
£m

2
61
200
106
346
176
200

1 091

6

6

22

22

1 119

(a)   On a return of capital on a winding-up, the holders of 6.5% cumulative preference shares shall be entitled to £1 per share, in preference to all 
other classes of shareholders. Holders of these shares are entitled to vote at meetings, except on the following matters: any question as to 
the disposal of the surplus profits after the dividend on these shares has been provided for; the election of directors; their remuneration; any 
agreement between the directors and the Company; or the alteration of the Articles of Association dealing with any such matters.

(b)   During the year ended 31 March 2010, the Group redeemed £100 million of the 6.5% Guaranteed Notes maturing in June 2012.

Current borrowings

6.125% Guaranteed Note 2011 (US$ 300,000,000)
Unsecured bank overdrafts
Drawdown of committed facilities
Short-term unsecured loans
Obligations under finance leases

Total current borrowings

2011 
£m

187
10
–
25
5

227 

31 March
2010
£m

–
23
139
25
3

190

Secured borrowings
Lease liabilities are effectively secured as the rights to the leased asset revert to the lessor in the event of default.

Fair values
The fair values of the Group’s borrowings compared with their book values are as follows:

Non-current unsecured borrowings
Non-current bank loans
Other non-current borrowings
Other current borrowings

Total

31 March 2011

Book value
£m

Fair value
£m

Book value
£m

 31 March 2010

 Fair value
£m

862
7
18
227

900
7
18
229

1 114 

1 154

1 091
6
22
190

1 309

1 100
6
22
190

1 318

The fair value of borrowings has been determined using either quoted market prices, broker dealer quotations or discounted cash flow analysis.

Tate & Lyle Annual Report 2011   97

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Notes to the consolidated financial statements

28  Borrowings (continued)

Interest rate risks and maturity of borrowings

The maturity profile of the Group’s non-current borrowings is as follows:

One to two years
Two to five years
After five years

Total non-current borrowings

2011 
£m

115
338
434

887

31 March
2010
£m

203
470
446

1 119

Floating rate borrowings bear interest based on relevant national LIBOR equivalents. If the interest rates applicable to the Group’s floating rate 
debt and cash held as at 31 March 2011 rise by an average of 1% over the year to 31 March 2012, this would increase Group profit before tax by 
approximately £2 million (2010 – £1 million).

Taking into account the Group’s interest rate and cross currency swap contracts, the effective interest rates of its borrowings are as follows:

2,394,000 6.5% cumulative preference shares of £1 each
Industrial Revenue Bonds 2016–2036 (US$92,000,000)
6.125% Guaranteed Notes 2011 (US$300,000,000)
6.5% Guaranteed Notes 2012 (£100,000,000)
5.0% Guaranteed Notes 2014 (US$500,000,000)
6.625% Guaranteed Notes 2016 (US$250,000,000)
6.75% Guaranteed Notes 2019 (£200,000,000)

2011

6.5%
0.3%
5.1%
3.7%
3.1%
5.9%
4.7%

31 March
2010

6.5%
0.3%
5.0%
7.2%
4.9%
5.9%
4.8%

Short-term loans and overdrafts
Current short-term loans mature within the next 12 months and overdrafts are repayable on demand. Both short-term loans and bank overdrafts 
are arranged at floating rates of interest and expose the Group to cash flow interest rate risk.

Credit facilities and arrangements
The Group has an undrawn committed multi-currency facility of £623 million (2010 – £515 million), which matures in October 2012. This facility 
incurs commitment fees at market rates prevailing when the facility was arranged. The facility may only be withdrawn in the event of specified events 
of default. In addition, the Group has substantial uncommitted facilities.

Finance lease commitments
Amounts payable under finance lease commitments are as follows:

Within one year
Between one and five years
After five years

Less future finance charges

Present value of minimum lease payments

Minimum lease 
payments
£m

31 March 2011

Present value of 
minimum lease 
payments
£m

Minimum lease 
payments
£m

 31 March 2010

Present value of 
minimum lease 
payments
£m

5
16
2

23 

7
18
3

28

(5)

23 

3
17
5

25

5
20
7

32

(7)

25

Finance lease agreements allow for renewal at the end of the original ten-year lease term at the option of the Group.

29  Deferred tax 

Deferred tax is calculated in full on temporary differences using tax rates applicable in the jurisdictions where such differences arise. Movements in 
deferred income tax net liabilities/(assets) in the year are as follows:

Deferred tax

At 1 April 2009
Credited to the income statement
Credited to the statement of comprehensive income
Credited directly to equity
Exchange

At 31 March 2010

Charge to the income statement
Charge to the statement of comprehensive income
Credited directly to equity
Exchange

At 31 March 2011

98   Tate & Lyle Annual Report 2011

£m

48
(108)
(25)
(1)
2

(84)

38
–
(1)
3

(44)

 
 
 
 
 
29  Deferred tax (continued) 

Of the amounts of deferred tax charged to the income statement and other comprehensive income, a credit of £1.8 million (2010 – £0.3 million) 
arises from changes in tax rates. There was no impact from the imposition of new taxes. 

Deferred tax assets in respect of unutilised tax losses of £451 million (2010 – £371 million) have not been recognised to the extent that they exceed 
taxable profits against which these assets may be recovered. No unrelieved tax losses expired under current tax legislation in the year ended  
31 March 2011.

Deferred tax assets in respect of tax losses of £39 million have been recognised in the current year in relation to the disposal of Fort Dodge.  
In addition tax losses of £25 million have been recognised in the current year to offset the deferred tax liability arising from the UK pensions surplus.

The total deferred tax on unremitted earnings is £5.5 million (2010 – £3.3 million) of which £0.6 million (2010 – £0.6 million) has been recognised. 
The Group has not recognised the remaining amount as it is able to control the timing of the reversal of these temporary differences and it is 
probable that they will not reverse in the foreseeable future.

The aggregate amount of temporary differences arising from unremitted profits at the balance sheet date was approximately £4.9 million  
(2010 – £2.7 million). 

Other deferred tax liabilities principally relate to deferred tax on acquired intangible assets. 

Other deferred tax assets principally relate to deferred tax on provisions. 

The movements in deferred tax assets and liabilities during the year are as follows:

Deferred tax liabilities

At 1 April 2009
Transfers between categories
Credited to the income statement
Exchange

At 31 March 2010

Transfers between categories
Charged to the income statement
Charged to the statement of comprehensive income
Exchange

At 31 March 2011

Capital 
allowances 
in excess of 
depreciation
£m

102
–
(94)
(1)

7

–
84
–
(6)

85 

Deferred tax assets

At 1 April 2009
Transfers between categories
(Charged)/credited to the income statement
Credited/(charged) to the statement of comprehensive income
Credited to equity
Exchange

At 31 March 2010

Transfers between categories
(Charged)/credited to the income statement
(Charged)/credited to the statement of comprehensive income
Credited to equity
Exchange

At 31 March 2011

Retirement 
benefit 
obligations
£m

Share-based 
payments
£m

Tax  
losses
£m

81
–
(10)
29
–
(6)

94

–
(1)
(19)
–
(5)

69

2
–
(1)
–
1
–

2

–
–
–
1
–

3

–
–
4
–
–
–

4

–
42
22
–
(4)

64

Other
£m

54
(2)
(25)
(4)

23

(3)
7
2
–

29

Other
£m

25
(2)
(4)
(4)
–
(1)

14

(3)
12
(1)
–
–

22

Total
£m

156
(2)
(119)
(5)

30

(3)
91
2
(6)

114

Total
£m

108
(2)
(11)
25
1
(7)

114

(3)
53
2
1
(9)

158

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset where there is a legally enforceable right of offset and there is an intention to settle the balances net. 
As a result of these offsets, the deferred tax balances are presented in the statement of financial position as follows:

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Deferred tax assets

Total

2011 
£m

30
(74)

(44)

31 March
2010
£m

59
(143)

(84)

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Tate & Lyle Annual Report 2011   99

 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the consolidated financial statements

30  Retirement benefit obligations

(a)  Plan information
The Group maintains pension plans for its operations throughout the world. Some of these arrangements are defined benefit pension schemes  
with retirement, disability, death and termination income benefits. The retirement income benefits are generally a function of years of employment 
and final salary.

The principal schemes are funded and their assets held in separate trustee-administered funds. The schemes are funded in line with local  
practice and contributions are assessed in accordance with local independent actuarial advice. The schemes operated by the Group are subject  
to independent actuarial valuation at regular intervals using consistent assumptions appropriate to conditions prevailing in the relevant country.  
In the United Kingdom, the most recent actuarial valuations of plan assets and the present value of the defined benefit obligations were carried  
out as at 31 March 2010 by independent actuaries, and the results of these valuations are being finalised.

The Group also maintains defined contribution pension schemes and some fully insured pension schemes.

On 1 April 2002, the main United Kingdom scheme was closed to new members. A defined contribution pension scheme has been established  
to provide pension benefits to new United Kingdom employees. Under the projected unit method, the service cost of the closed scheme will 
increase as the members approach retirement.

In the year ended 31 March 2010, the Group decided to close the main United Kingdom pension scheme to future accrual from 6 April 2011.  
At the same time, the decision that the Group would no longer fund early retirements was communicated to members. These changes gave rise  
to exceptional items in the income statement for the year ended 31 March 2010 (Note 7).

The Group’s subsidiaries in the USA provide unfunded retirement medical and life assurance benefits to their employees.

During the year, the Group announced its intention to close its main US pension schemes, which closed to future accrual from 1 January 2011.

The Group expects to contribute approximately £40 million to its defined benefit plans in the year to 31 March 2012, subject to the finalisation of  
the 2010 actuarial valuations of the UK schemes.

(b)  Principal assumptions
The principal assumptions used for the purpose of the actuarial valuations were as follows:

Year to 31 March 2011

Inflation rate
Expected rate of salary increases
Expected rate of pension increases
Discount rate
Expected return on plan assets (total)
Expected equity return on plan assets

Year to 31 March 2010

Inflation rate
Expected rate of salary increases
Expected rate of pension increases
Discount rate
Expected return on plan assets (total)
Expected equity return on plan assets

UK

2.6/3.6%
4.4%
3.4%
5.5%
6.2%
8.4%

UK

3.7%
4.5%
3.5%
5.5%
5.9%
8.1%

Pension benefits

Others

2.0%
2.0%
1.3%
5.2%
5.3%
6.5%

Pension benefits

Others

2.0%
2.0%
1.3%
4.8%
6.3%
7.5%

US

2.5%
3.5%
n/a
5.4%
7.2%
8.0%

US

2.5%
3.5%
n/a
5.7%
7.5%
8.4%

Medical  
benefits

2.5%
n/a
n/a
5.3%
n/a
n/a

Medical  
benefits

2.5%
n/a
n/a
5.6%
n/a
n/a

During the year the UK government announced that the Consumer Price Index (CPI) rather than the Retail Price Index (RPI) should be used as the 
basis of the calculation of inflation for the statutory index linked features of retirement benefits. Accordingly, the obligations of the UK schemes have 
been calculated with reference to the CPI where permitted by the scheme rules. For the year ended 31 March 2011, the inflation rate applied for 
CPI and RPI are 2.6% and 3.6% respectively.

Mortality assumptions – Year to 31 March 2011

Male aged 65 now
Male aged 65 in 20 years’ time
Female aged 65 now
Female aged 65 in 20 years’ time

Mortality assumptions – Year to 31 March 2010

Male aged 65 now
Male aged 65 in 20 years’ time
Female aged 65 now
Female aged 65 in 20 years’ time

Expected longevity post age 65
US

UK

21 years
24 years
22 years
24 years

19 years
19 years
21 years
21 years

Expected longevity post age 65
US

UK

21 years
24 years
22 years
24 years

19 years
19 years
21 years
21 years

Shorter longevity assumptions are used for members who retire on grounds of ill-health.

The expected rates of return on individual categories of plan assets are estimated by reference to indices published by the relevant exchanges.  
The overall expected rate of return is calculated by weighting the individual rates in accordance with the anticipated balance in the plan’s  
investment portfolio. The actual rate of return on the plan assets for the year was positive 9.3% (2010 – positive 26.5%), and amounted to  
a gain of £109 million (2010 – £258 million gain).

100   Tate & Lyle Annual Report 2011

 
 
 
 
30  Retirement benefit obligations (continued)

Medical cost trend rates are estimated at 9.5% per annum (2010 – 10%), grading down to 5% by 2020. If medical cost trend rates were to increase 
or decrease by 1%, the effects are estimated as follows:

31 March 2011

31 March 2010

Increase  
£m

Decrease 
£m

Increase 
£m

Decrease 
£m

Increase/(decrease) in medical benefits current service and interest cost
Increase/(decrease) in medical benefits obligation

1
 9

(1)
(7)

1
8

(c)  Amounts recognised in the income statement

Year to 31 March 2011

Current service cost  
    charged to operating profit
Past service cost
Curtailment benefit

Total charged to operating profit

Interest cost
Expected return on plan assets

(Credited)/charged to finance expense

Total

Year to 31 March 2010

Current service cost  
    charged to operating profit
Exceptional items (Note 7):
– negative past service cost
– curtailment benefit

Total (credited)/charged to operating profit

Interest cost
Expected return on plan assets

Charged to finance expense

Total

UK 
£m

2
–
(1)

1

47
(52)

(5)

(4)

UK 
£m

3

(32)
(10)

(39)

46
(42)

4

(35)

US 
£m

5
1
–

6

22
(18)

4

10

US 
£m

5

–
–

5

22
(13)

9

14

Pension benefits

Others 
£m

Total 
£m

Medical 
benefits 
£m

1
–
–

1

2
(2)

–

1

Others 
£m

1

–
–

1

2
(2)

–

1

8
1
(1)

8

71
(72)

(1)

7

Pension benefits

Total 
£m

9

(32)
(10)

(33)

70
(57)

13

(20)

3
–
–

3

5
–

5

8

Medical 
benefits 
£m

2

–
–

2

6
–

6

8

(1)
(7)

Total 
£m

11
1
(1)

11

76
(72)

4

15

Total 
£m

11

(32)
(10)

(31)

76
(57)

19

(12)

Current service costs are presented in staff costs (Note 9); expected return on plan assets and interest cost are presented in net finance  
expense (Note 10).

(d)  Amounts recognised in the statement of financial position

At 31 March 2011

Fair value of plan assets:
– equities
– bonds
– property and other

Present value of funded obligations 
Present value of unfunded obligations
Unrecognised asset due to surplus restriction

Net asset/(liability) recognised in the 
    statement of financial position

Disclosed in the statement  
of financial position as:
– retirement benefit surplus
– retirement benefit deficits

% of 
plan 
assets

38%
47%
15%

% of 
plan 
assets

53%
30%
17%

UK

£m

349
430
140

919
(823)
–
–

96

102

(6) 

% of 
plan 
assets

35%
44%
21%

US

£m

145
81
48

274
(366)
(42)
–

(134)

–
(134) 

Others

Pension benefits
Total

% of 
plan 
assets

41%
43%
16%

Medical 
benefits 
£m

–
–
–

–
–
(97)
–

£m

512
534
199

1 245
(1 244)
(42)
(1)

Total 
£m

512
534
199

1 245
(1 244)
(139)
(1)

(42)

(97)

(139)

103
(145) 

–
(97) 

103 
(242) 

£m

18
23
11

52
(55)
–
(1)

(4)

1
(5) 

Tate & Lyle Annual Report 2011   101

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Notes to the consolidated financial statements

30  Retirement benefit obligations (continued)

At 31 March 2010

Fair value of plan assets:
– equities
– bonds
– property and other

Present value of funded obligations 
Present value of unfunded obligations

Net asset/(liability) recognised in the 
    statement of financial position

Disclosed in the statement  
of financial position as:
– retirement benefit surplus
– retirement benefit obligations

% of 
plan 
assets

29%
34%
37%

% of 
 plan 
assets

54%
29%
17%

UK

£m

249
301
327

877
(872)
–

5

15
(10)

% of 
 plan 
assets

32%
44%
24%

US

£m

131
72
42

245
(357)
(42)

(154)

–
(154)

Others

Pension benefits
Total

% of 
 plan 
assets

34%
34%
32%

Medical 
benefits 
£m

–
–
–

£m

396
395
381

Total 
£m

396
395
381

1 172
(1 286)
(42)

–
–
(101)

1 172
(1 286)
(143)

(156)

(101)

(257)

16
(172)

–
(101)

16
(273)

£m

16
22
12

50
(57)
–

(7)

1
(8)

The plan assets do not include any of the Group’s financial instruments, nor any property occupied by, or other assets used by, the Group.

e)  Reconciliation of movement in plan assets and liabilities

Pension benefits

UK 
£m

687
3
(32)
(10)
46
229
(51)
–

872

2
–
(1)
47
(48)
(49)
–
–

823

UK 
£m

732
42
141
13
(51)
–

877

52
21
18
(49)
–
–

919

US 
£m

355
5
–
–
22
55
(22)
(16)

399

5
1
–
22
27
(23)
–
(23)

408

US 
£m

198
13
55
12
(22)
(11)

245

18
16
32
(23)
(14)
–

274

Others 
£m

50
1
–
–
2
8
(2)
(2)

57

1
–
–
2
–
(2)
(2)
(1)

55

Others 
£m

45
2
5
2
(2)
(2)

50

2
–
2
(2)
–
(1)

51

Total 
£m

1 092
9
(32)
(10)
70
292
(75)
(18)

1 328

8
1
(1)
71
(21)
(74)
(2)
(24)

1 286

Pension benefits

Total 
£m

975
57
201
27
(75)
(13)

1 172

72
37
52
(74)
(14)
(1)

1 244

Liabilities

At 1 April 2009
Total service cost
Negative past service cost
Curtailment benefits
Interest cost
Actuarial loss
Benefits paid
Exchange

At 31 March 2010

Total service cost
Past service cost
Curtailment benefits
Interest cost
Actuarial (gain)/loss
Benefits paid
Businesses sold
Exchange

At 31 March 2011

Assets

At 1 April 2009
Expected return on assets
Actuarial gain
Contributions paid by employer
Benefits paid
Exchange

At 31 March 2010

Expected return on assets
Actuarial gain
Contributions paid by employer
Benefits paid
Exchange
Unrecognised asset due to surplus restriction

At 31 March 2011

102   Tate & Lyle Annual Report 2011

Medical 
benefits 
£m

94
2
–
–
6
13
(5)
(9)

101

3
–
–
5
(1)
(5)
–
(6)

97

Medical 
benefits 
£m

–
–
–
5
(5)
–

–

–
–
5
(5)
–
–

–

Total 
£m

1 186
11
(32)
(10)
76
305
(80)
(27)

1 429

11
1
(1)
76
(22)
(79)
(2)
(30)

1 383

Total 
£m

975
57
201
32
(80)
(13)

1 172

72
37
57
(79)
(14)
(1)

1 244

 
 
 
 
30  Retirement benefit obligations (continued)

(f)  Analysis of actuarial (gains)/losses recognised in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income

Difference between the actual return and the expected return on plan assets
Experience gains arising on scheme liabilities
Changes in assumptions underlying the present value of scheme liabilities
Unrecognised asset due to surplus restriction

Actuarial (gains)/losses recognised in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income

Cumulative actuarial loss recognised in the consolidated statement of  comprehensive income

2011 
£m

(37)
(12)
(10)
1

(58) 

101 

Deferred tax taken directly to equity on retirement benefit obligations was £19 million charge to equity (2010 – £29 million credit to equity).

(g)  History of the plans and experience adjustments

Present value of defined benefit obligation 
    and medical benefits
Fair value of plan assets

Net deficit

Experience adjustments on plan liabilities 
– (gain)/loss

Experience adjustments on plan assets  
– (gain)/loss

2011  
£m

1 383
(1 244)

 139

(12)

(37) 

2010  
£m

1 429
(1 172)

257

–

(201)

2009  
£m

1 186
(975)

211

(18)

247

2008  
£m

1 203
(1 112)

91

(9)

69

All experience adjustments are recognised directly in equity, net of related tax (see the consolidated statement of comprehensive income).

31  Provisions for other liabilities and charges

Insurance 
funds
£m

Restructuring 
and closure
provisions
£m

Other  
provisons
£m

At 1 April 2009
Charged to the income statement
Utilised in the year
Exchange and other movements

At 31 March 2010

Charged to the income statement
Credited to the income statement
Utilised in the year
Exchange and other movements

At 31 March 2011

Provisions are expected to be utilised as follows:
– within one year
– after more than one year

Total

12
3
(2)
(1)

12

5
(2)
(2)
–

13

7
56
(21)
–

42

28
(20)
(13)
(2)

35

13
–
(1)
(3)

9

16
(1)
(7)
–

17

2011 
£m

44
21

65 

31 March
2010
£m

(201)
–
305
–

104

159

2007  
£m

1 317
(1 188)

129

25

3

Total
£m

32
59
(24)
(4)

63

49
(23)
(22)
(2)

65

31 March
2010
£m

26
37

63

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Insurance funds represent amounts provided by the Group’s captive insurance subsidiary in respect of the expected level of insurance claims. 
These provisions are expected to be utilised within five years.

The restructuring and closure provisions charged during the year primarily relate to the implementation of a common global IS/IT platform and 
additional closure and other restructuring costs relating to the Food Systems business, within the Speciality Food Ingredients segment. The amount 
utilised during the year primarily relates to the decision to mothball the sucralose manufacturing facility in McIntosh, Alabama. In addition, during 
the year the Group charged to the income statement an exceptional provision of £25 million in respect of onerous contracts relating to the future 
obligations of the plant at Fort Dodge, Iowa. As a result of the disposal in March 2011, £20 million of the resultant provision was no longer required 
and was reversed. These provisions are expected to be utilised within two years.

Other provisions primarily relate to Group legal matters and costs associated with the disposal of the Sugars segment. These provisions are 
expected to be utilised within 5 years.

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The charge to the income statement in relation to the unwinding of discounts was £2 million (2010 – £nil).

Tate & Lyle Annual Report 2011   103

 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the consolidated financial statements

32  Change in working capital

(Increase)/decrease in inventories
Decrease in receivables
Increase in payables
(Increase)/decrease in derivative financial instruments (excluding debt-related derivatives)
Decrease in provisions for other liabilities and charges
Decrease in retirement benefit obligations

(Increase)/decrease in working capital (continuing operations)

2011 
£m

(121)
1
88
(7)
(16)
(46)

(101) 

Excluded from the movement in retirement benefit obligations is an actuarial gain of £58 million (2010 – actuarial loss £104 million).

33  Cash and cash equivalents

Cash at bank and in hand
Short-term bank deposits

Total

2011 
£m

153
501

654 

The effective interest rate on short-term deposits was 0.4% (2010 – 0.4%), with an average maturity of 12 days (2010 – 6 days).

The carrying amount of cash and cash equivalents are denominated in the following currencies:

Euro
US dollar
Sterling
Other

Total

34  Net debt

The components of the Group’s net debt are as follows:

Non-current borrowings
Current borrowings and overdrafts
Debt-related derivative instruments
Cash and cash equivalents

Net debt

2011 
£m

55
415
132
52

654 

2011 
£m

(887)
(227)
(4)
654

(464) 

Notes

28
28
20
33

31 March
2010
£m

99
78
39
10
(19)
(21)

186

31 March
2010
£m

142
362

504

31 March
2010
£m

136
322
2
44

504

31 March
2010
£m

(1 119)
(190)
(9)
504

(814)

Derivative financial instruments presented within assets and liabilities in the statement of financial position of £1 million net asset comprise net 
debt-related instruments of £4 million liability and net non-debt-related instruments of £5 million asset (2010 – £7 million net asset comprising net 
debt-related instruments of £9 million liability and net non-debt-related instruments of £16 million asset).

104   Tate & Lyle Annual Report 2011

 
 
 
 
34  Net debt (continued)

Net debt is denominated in the following currencies:

Euro
US dollar
Sterling
Other

Total

Movements in the Group’s net debt are as follows:

At 1 April

Increase in cash and cash equivalents in the year
Cash outflow from net decrease in borrowings
Debt transferred on disposal of businesses
Trade finance recognised as debt
Fair value and other movements
Exchange

Decrease in net debt in the year

At 31 March

2011 
£m

(162)
(458)
131
25

(464) 

2011 
£m

(814)

168
147
8
–
–
27

350

(464) 

31 March
2010
£m

(161)
(620)
(60)
27

(814)

2010
£m

(1 231)

80
267
–
(16)
7
79

417

(814)

 Included in the cash outflow from net decrease in borrowings is an amount of £16 million (2010 – £45 million) that is included in net cash used in 
financing activities from discontinued operations.

35  Contingent liabilities

Trade guarantees

2011 
£m

1 

31 March
2010
£m

13

As at 31 March 2010, trade guarantees included £13 million in relation to discontinued operations.

In addition to the above, in 2010 we had guaranteed the obligations of certain subsidiaries and joint ventures to Payment Agencies in connection 
with Restructuring Aid. The Group’s share of these guarantees were £6 million.

Other trade guarantees have been given in the normal course of business by the Group at both 31 March 2011 and 31 March 2010. These are 
excluded from the figures given above and are in respect of Revenue and Customs and the Rural Payments Agency for Agricultural Produce bonds, 
ECGD recourse agreements, letters of credit and tender and performance bonds.

The Group is subject to claims and litigation generally arising in the ordinary course of its business, some of which are for substantial amounts.  
All such actions are strenuously defended but provision is made for liabilities that are considered likely to arise on the basis of current information 
and legal advice and after taking into account the Group’s insurance arrangements.

While there is always uncertainty as to the outcome of any claim or litigation, it is not expected that claims and litigation existing at the balance 
sheet date will have a material adverse effect on the Group’s financial position.

Sale of EU Sugars

The sale of EU Sugars to American Sugar Refining, Inc. completed on 30 September 2010. The consideration after working capital adjustments was 
£227 million, subject to closing adjustments arising from the agreement of post completion statements. The process to reach such agreement is 
ongoing and items totalling £54 million remain outstanding and are expected to be submitted for adjudication to an independent expert. These items 
relate to the impact of major turbulence in the supply of raw sugar to the EU during the period prior to closing which resulted in an increase in certain 
rolling re-export commitments of the business arising under the EU Sugar Regime. The Group believes that its position is fully supported and as such 
will be robustly defended. No provision in respect of outstanding items has been recorded.

36  Commitments

Capital commitments

Commitments for the acquisition of property, plant and equipment

2011 
£m

24

31 March
2010
£m

8

Operating lease arrangements
Operating lease payments represent rentals payable by the Group for certain of its land, buildings, plant and equipment. Certain operating lease 
agreements allow for renewal at the end of the original term at the option of the Group.

Tate & Lyle Annual Report 2011   105

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Notes to the consolidated financial statements

36  Commitments (continued)

At the balance sheet date the Group has outstanding commitments under non-cancellable operating leases which fall due as follows:

Within one year
Later than one year and no later than five years
After five years

Total

37  Acquisitions and disposals

2011 
£m

24
68
81

173 

31 March
2010
£m

31
84
80

195

Acquisitions
During the year ended 31 March 2008, the Group acquired 80% of the issued share capital of G.C. Hahn & Co. (Hahn) from Georg Hahn 
Familien GmbH (the Hahn Family). As the Group effectively bears all the risks and rewards for 100% of this business, no non-controlling interest is 
recognised in the Group’s financial statements. 

The acquisition agreement allowed for the Group to acquire the remaining 20% of the issued share capital of Hahn through put and call options. 
During the year to 31 March 2010 a put option was exercised for 15% of the issued share capital for a total consideration of £21 million which 
was paid by the Group on 31 March 2010. At 31 March 2011 deferred consideration of £7 million relating to the remaining 5% of the issued share 
capital is recognised in trade and other payables (Note 27).

Disposals

EU Sugars and Molasses disposal
During the year the Group completed the disposal of EU Sugars to American Sugar Refining, Inc. The disposal comprised an asset sale of the 
Thames Sugar Refinery and its associated businesses in London and a share sale of Alcantara Empreendimentos SGPS, SA, Tate & Lyle Norge AS 
and Eridania Tate & Lyle SpA. Total consideration of £227 million remains subject to finalisation of post completion statements (Note 35).

During the year the Group also completed the disposal of Molasses to W&R Barnett Ltd. Total consideration was £66 million, subject to finalisation 
of post completion statements. The Group incurred £4 million of costs associated with the disposal. 

The calculation of the result on disposal is shown below:

EU Sugars 
£m

Molasses 
£m

31 March 2011
Total 
£m

Goodwill and intangible assets
Property, plant and equipment
Investment in associates
Available-for-sale financial assets
Derivative financial instruments – assets
Inventories
Trade and other receivables
Trade and other payables
Derivative financial instruments – liabilities
Retirement benefit obligation
Cash and cash equivalents
Borrowings
Taxation

Total assets disposed
Non controlling interests disposed

Net assets disposed

Cash received during the year
Receivable at 31 March 2011

Total consideration

Other items:
Disposal costs
Recycling of cash flow hedge reserve
Exchange differences transferred from equity

(Loss)/gain on disposal

Cash flows:
Cash consideration
Cash disposed

Cash inflow in the year

106   Tate & Lyle Annual Report 2011

1
 203 
2
1
 18 
 72 
 66 
(53)
(15)
(2)
 5 
(5)
(1)

 292 
–

 292 

 225 
 2 

 227 

(4)
 3 
 11 

(55)

 225 
(5)

 220 

2
14
–
– 
 7 
 35 
 42 
(33)
(3)
–
 5 
(3)
(2)

64
(5)

59

 65 
1

66

(4)
–
 9 

 12 

 65 
(5)

 60 

3
217
2
1
 25 
 107 
 108 
(86)
(18)
(2)
 10 
(8)
(3)

356
(5)

351

 290 
 3 

293

(8)
 3 
 20 

(43)

 290 
(10)

 280 

 
37  Acquisitions and disposals (continued)

International Sugar Trading
In the year to 31 March 2009, the Group disposed of its International Sugar Trading business to Bunge Limited (Bunge) for total consideration, 
net of disposal costs of £57 million. Following agreement of completion adjustments, the Group repaid £26 million to Bunge during the year to 
31 March 2010. 

38  Assets and liabilities classified as held for sale 

On 20 April 2011, the Group has entered into a conditional contract to dispose of Vietnam Sugar to TH Milk Food Joint Stock Company. The Group 
is committed to the disposal of its other remaining businesses within the legacy Sugars division, principally Tate & Lyle Gadot Manufacturing and 
Tate & Lyle Israel Limited. These businesses have been disclosed as discontinued operations (Note 12) and the assets and liabilities as at 31 March 
2011 are shown in the table below. 

Assets and liabilities as at 31 March 2011 are shown as held for sale as follows:

Assets
Intangible assets
Property, plant and equipment
Inventories
Trade and other receivables
Available-for-sale financial assets

Total assets held for sale

Liabilities
Trade and other payables

Total liabilities held for sale

39  Post balance sheet events 

2011 
£m

2
22
17
9
17

67 

(5)

(5)

31 March
2010
£m

– 
– 
– 
– 
18 

18 

– 

– 

On 20 April 2011, the Group announced the sale on a conditional basis of Vietnam Sugar to TH Milk Food Joint Stock Company for cash 
consideration of £33 million in addition to the Group’s share of the value of working capital and net cash to be retained in the business.  
The disposal is expected to be completed during the first half of the 2012 financial year.

On 26 May 2011, the Group took the decision to re-open the mothballed facility in McIntosh, Alabama and restart production of sucralose there. 
The Group estimates that the re-opening process will take about 12 months and that production will commence in the first half of the financial year 
ending 31 March 2013. Capital expenditure of around £13 million is anticipated before the plant can restart. The decision will result in the reversal 
of impairment of around £50 million and the release of around £20 million of the McIntosh mothball provision at current exchange rates. Both the 
reversal of the impairment and the release of the provision will be recognised as exceptional items in the 2012 financial year.

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Tate & Lyle Annual Report 2011   107

 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the consolidated financial statements

40  Related party disclosures

Identity of related parties
The Group has related party relationships with its subsidiaries, joint ventures and associates, the Group’s pension schemes and with key 
management being its directors and executive officers. No related party relationships with close family members of the Group’s key management 
existed in the current or comparative year.

Subsidiaries, joint ventures and associates
Transactions entered into by the Company with subsidiaries and between subsidiaries as well as the resultant balances of receivables and payables 
are eliminated on consolidation and are not required to be disclosed. Similarly, the Group’s share of transactions entered into by the Company and 
its subsidiaries with joint ventures and between joint ventures as well as the Group’s share of the resultant balances of receivables and payables are 
eliminated on consolidation. Transactions and balances with joint ventures (before consolidation eliminations) and with associates are as follows:

Continuing

Sales of goods and services
– to joint ventures and associates

Purchases of goods and services
– from joint ventures and associates

Receivables
– due from joint ventures and associates

Payables
– due to joint ventures and associates

Financing
– loans to joint ventures and associates
– deposits from joint ventures and associates

2011 
£m

150

221

15

17

18
25 

31 March
2010
£m

111

174

18

8

10
3

The Group had no material related party transactions containing unusual commercial terms.

The Group provides guarantees in respect of banking facilities of a joint venture totalling £10 million (2010 – £21 million).

Key management
Key management compensation is disclosed in Note 9.

41  Foreign exchange rates

The following exchange rates have been applied in the translation of the financial statements of foreign subsidiaries, joint ventures and associates:

Average foreign exchange rates
£1 = US$
£1 = €

Year end foreign exchange rates
£1 = US$
£1 = €

42  Main subsidiaries and investments

Subsidiaries based in the United Kingdom1 

G.C. Hahn & Co. Limited2
Tate & Lyle Holdings Limited3
Tate & Lyle Industries Limited
Tate & Lyle International Finance PLC3
Tate & Lyle Investments Limited3
Tate & Lyle LLC

Year to 31 March
2010

2011

1.55
1.19 

2011

1.60
1.13 

1.61
1.13

31 March
2010

1.52
1.12

Type of business

Blending
Holding company
Holding company
In-house treasury company
Holding company
Holding company

Percentage  
of equity 
attributable to 
Tate & Lyle PLC

100
100
100
100
100
100

1  Registered in England and Wales, except Tate & Lyle LLC which is registered in Delaware, USA.
2 

 The Group holds 95% of the issued capital of Hahn and has the right to acquire the remaining 5% through put and call options. However due to the structure of the acquisition 
agreement, the Group effectively bears all the risks and rewards for 100% of the business and therefore no minority interest is recognised.

3  Direct subsidiaries of Tate & Lyle PLC.

108   Tate & Lyle Annual Report 2011

 
 
 
 
 
42  Main subsidiaries and investments (continued)

Subsidiaries operating overseas  

Country of incorporation or registration

Company

Type of business

Percentage  
of equity 
attributable to 
Tate & Lyle PLC

Argentina

Australia
Belgium
Bermuda
Brazil

Chile

China

Croatia
Czech Republic
France
Germany

Gibraltar
Hong Kong
Hungary
Italy
Israel

Lithuania
Mexico
Morocco
Netherlands

Poland
Singapore
South Africa
Spain

Ukraine
USA

Tate & Lyle Argentina SA

Tate & Lyle ANZ Pty Limited2
Tate & Lyle Services Belgium NV
Tate & Lyle Management & Finance Limited 
Tate & Lyle Brasil do SA1
G.C. Hahn & Co. Estabilizantes e Tecnologia  
para Alimentos Ltda.2
Tate & Lyle Chile Commercial Ltda

Tate & Lyle Trading (Shanghai) Limited
G.C. Hahn & Co. Food Stabilizer Business  
(Shanghai) Ltd.2
G.C. Hahn & Co. d.o.o.2
G.C. Hahn & Co. Stabilizacni technika s.r.o.2
G.C. Hahn & Cie. S.A.R.L.2
G.C. Hahn & Co. Stabilisierungstechnik GmbH2
G.C. Hahn & Co. Cooperationsgeschaft mbH2
Cesalpinia Germany GmbH
Tate & Lyle Insurance (Gilbraltar) Limited
Tate & Lyle Asia Limited
G.C. Hahn & Co. Stabilizalastechnikai Kft2
Tate & Lyle Italia Spa
Tate & Lyle Gadot Manufacturing
Tate & Lyle Israel Limited
UAB Litauen G.C. Hahn & Co.2
Tate & Lyle Mexico S. de R.L.de C.V.
Tate & Lyle Morocco SA
Tate & Lyle Holland BV
Tate & Lyle Netherlands BV

Cereal sweeteners & starches, 
Sucralose distribution
Sucralose distribution and blending
Holding company
Management & finance
Citric acid, Sucralose distribution

Blending
Cereal sweeteners & starches, 
Sucralose distribution
Sucralose distribution

Blending
Blending
Blending
Blending
Blending
Holding company
Blending
Reinsurance
Sucralose distribution
Blending
Blending
Sugar refining
Sugar trading
Blending 
Holding company
Cereal sweeteners & starches
Holding company
Cereal sweeteners & starches, 
Sucralose distribution
Holding company

High-intensity sweeteners
Blending

Nederlandse Glucose Industrie BV
G.C. Hahn & Co. Technika stabilizowania sp.z.o.o.2 Blending
Tate & Lyle Singapore Pte Ltd
Tate & Lyle South Africa (Pty) Limited
G.C. Hahn Estabilizantes y Tecnologia  
para Alimentos2
G.C. Hahn2
Staley Holdings LLC
Tate & Lyle Custom Ingredients LLC
Tate & Lyle Finance LLC
TLHUS, Inc
Tate & Lyle Ingredients Americas, LLC
Tate & Lyle Sucralose LLC
TLI Holding LLC

Blending
Blending
Holding company
Blending
In-house banking
Holding company
Cereal sweeteners & starches
High-intensity sweeteners
In-house banking

100
100
100
100
100

100

100
100

100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
65
100
100
100
100
100

100
100
100
100
100

100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100

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1  Non-coterminous year-end.
2 

 The Group holds 95% of the issued capital of Hahn and has the right to acquire the remaining 5% through a call option. However due to the structure of the acquisition 
agreement, the Group effectively bears all the risks and rewards for 100% of the business and therefore no minority interest is recognised.

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Tate & Lyle Annual Report 2011   109

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the consolidated financial statements

42  Main subsidiaries and investments (continued)

Joint ventures

Country of incorporation or registration

Company

Amylum Bulgaria EAD1,2
Sucromiles SA2
Hungrana Kft1,2
Almidones Mexicanos SA2
Eaststarch CV
Amylum Slovakia spol sro1
Amylum Nisasta AS1
DuPont Tate & Lyle Bio Products Company LLC

Bulgaria
Columbia
Hungary
Mexico
Netherlands
Slovakia
Turkey
USA

1  Share capital held by Eaststarch CV 
2  Non-coterminous year-end.

Associates  

Type of business

Cereal sweeteners & starches
Citric acid
Cereal sweeteners & starches
Cereal sweeteners & starches
Holding company
Cereal sweeteners & starches
Cereal sweeteners & starches
Industrial ingredients

Country of incorporation or registration

Company

Thailand

Tapioca Development Corporation1

Type of business

Starch production

Percentage  
of equity 
attributable to 
Tate & Lyle PLC

(100) 

(50) 

(100) 
(100) 

  50
50
  25
50
50
  50
  50
50

Percentage  
of equity 
attributable to 
Tate & Lyle PLC

33.3

1 

Indirect associates of Tate & Lyle PLC.

The proportion of shares held by Tate & Lyle PLC, its subsidiaries, joint ventures and associates is shown in brackets where it is different from  
the percentage of equity attributable to Tate & Lyle PLC.

Those entities which have non-coterminous year ends are consolidated in the Group financial statements using management accounts for the 
period to 31 March.

110   Tate & Lyle Annual Report 2011

  
 
 
 
 
43  Reconciliation to adjusted information

As explained in Note 1, adjusted information is presented as it provides both management and investors with valuable additional information  
on the performance of the business. The following items are excluded from adjusted information:

–  exceptional items including profits and losses on disposals of businesses, impairments, and closure and restructuring provisions; and
–  amortisation of intangibles acquired through business combinations.

The following table shows the reconciliation of the statutory information presented in the income statement to the adjusted information:

Year to 31 March 2011

Year to 31 March 2010

£m (unless otherwise stated)

Continuing operations
Sales

Operating profit/(loss)
Net finance expense

Profit/(loss) before tax
Income tax (expense)/credit
Non-controlling interests

Profit/(loss) attributable to equity  
    holders of the Company

Basic EPS (pence)
Diluted EPS (pence)

Tax rate

Discontinued operations
Sales

Operating (loss)/profit
Net finance income

(Loss)/profit before tax
Income tax credit/(expense)
Non-controlling interests

(Loss)/profit attributable to equity  
    holders of the Company

Basic EPS (pence)
Diluted EPS (pence)

Total operations
Sales

Operating profit
Net finance expense

Profit/(loss) before tax
Income tax (expense)/credit
Non-controlling interests

Profit attributable to equity  
    holders of the Company

Basic EPS (pence)
Diluted EPS (pence)

Tax rate

Reported

Exceptional/ 
amortisation

Adjusted

Reported

Exceptional/ 
amortisation

2 720

303
(58)

245
(49)
–

196

42.6
41.9

19.7%

590

(45)
–

(45)
16
(4)

(33) 

(7.3)
(7.2)

3 310

258 
(58)

200
(33)
(4)

163

35.3
34.7

16.4%

–

18
–

18
–
–

18

3.9
3.8

–

43
–

43
(19)
–

24

5.4
5.3

–

61
–

61
(19)
–

42

9.3
9.1

2 720

2 533

321
(58)

263
(49)
–

214

46.5
45.7

18.5%

(44)
(72)

(116)
95
–

(21)

(4.7)
(4.7)

81.9%

590

1 074

(2)
–

(2)
(3)
(4)

(9)

(1.9)
(1.9)

50
1

51
(11)
(4)

36

8.0
8.0

3 310

3 607

319
(58)

261
(52)
(4)

205

44.6
43.8

6
(71)

(65)
84
(4)

15

3.3
3.3

19.7%

129.2%

–

312
–

312
(136)
–

176

38.6
38.4

–

(22)
–

(22)
5
–

(17)

(3.7)
(3.7)

–

290
–

290
(131)
–

159

34.9
34.7

Adjusted

2 533

268
(72)

196
(41)
–

155

33.9
33.7

20.8%

1 074

28
1

29
(6)
(4)

19

4.3
4.3

3 607

296
(71)

225
(47)
(4)

174

38.2
38.0

20.9%

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Tate & Lyle Annual Report 2011   111

 
 
 
 
Independent Auditors’ Report to the Members of Tate & Lyle PLC: 
Parent company financial statements

We have audited the Parent company financial statements of  
Tate & Lyle PLC for the year ended 31 March 2011 which comprise 
the Parent company balance sheet and the Notes to the Parent 
company financial statements. The financial reporting framework  
that has been applied in their preparation is applicable law and  
United Kingdom Accounting Standards (United Kingdom Generally 
Accepted Accounting Practice).

Respective responsibilities of directors and auditors 
As explained more fully in the Directors’ statement of responsibilities 
set out on page 59, the directors are responsible for the preparation of 
the Parent company financial statements and for being satisfied that 
they give a true and fair view. Our responsibility is to audit and express 
an opinion on the Parent company financial statements in accordance 
with applicable law and International Standards on Auditing (UK 
and Ireland). Those standards require us to comply with the Auditing 
Practices Board’s Ethical Standards for Auditors. 

This report, including the opinions, has been prepared for and only  
for the company’s members as a body in accordance with Chapter 
3 of Part 16 of the Companies Act 2006 and for no other purpose. 
We do not, in giving these opinions, accept or assume responsibility 
for any other purpose or to any other person to whom this report is 
shown or into whose hands it may come save where expressly  
agreed by our prior consent in writing.

Scope of the audit of the financial statements
An audit involves obtaining evidence about the amounts and 
disclosures in the financial statements sufficient to give reasonable 
assurance that the financial statements are free from material 
misstatement, whether caused by fraud or error. This includes an 
assessment of: whether the accounting policies are appropriate to 
the Parent company’s circumstances and have been consistently 
applied and adequately disclosed; the reasonableness of significant 
accounting estimates made by the directors; and the overall 
presentation of the financial statements. In addition, we read all the 
financial and non-financial information in the Annual Report 2011 to 
identify material inconsistencies with the audited financial statements. 
If we become aware of any apparent material misstatements or 
inconsistencies we consider the implications for our report.

Opinion on financial statements 
In our opinion the Parent company financial statements: 

n	

n	

n	

	give a true and fair view of the state of the Parent company’s 
affairs as at 31 March 2011;
	have been properly prepared in accordance with United Kingdom 
Generally Accepted Accounting Practice; and 
	have been prepared in accordance with the requirements  
of the Companies Act 2006. 

Opinion on other matters prescribed by the  
Companies Act 2006 
In our opinion: 

n	

n	

	the part of the Directors’ remuneration report to be audited  
has been properly prepared in accordance with the Companies 
Act 2006; and 
	the information given in the Annual Report 2011 for the financial 
year for which the Parent company financial statements are 
prepared is consistent with the Parent company financial 
statements. 

Matters on which we are required to report by exception 
We have nothing to report in respect of the following matters where 
the Companies Act 2006 requires us to report to you if, in our opinion: 

n	

n	

n	

n	

	adequate accounting records have not been kept by the Parent 
company, or returns adequate for our audit have not been 
received from branches not visited by us; or 
	the Parent company financial statements and the part of the 
Directors’ remuneration report to be audited are not in agreement 
with the accounting records and returns; or 
	certain disclosures of directors’ remuneration specified by law are 
not made; or 
	we have not received all the information and explanations we 
require for our audit. 

Other matter 
We have reported separately on the Group financial statements of 
Tate & Lyle PLC for the year ended 31 March 2011. 

Paul Cragg (Senior Statutory Auditor)
for and on behalf of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
Chartered Accountants and Statutory Auditors 
London  
26 May 2011

Note: 
(a)   the maintenance and integrity of the Tate & Lyle PLC website, and any 
other electronic media used to present the financial statements, is the 
responsibility of the directors; the work carried out by the auditors does  
not involve consideration of these matters and, accordingly, the auditors 
accept no responsibility for any changes that may have occurred to the 
financial statements since they were initially presented on the website,  
or any other electronic media.

(b)   legislation in the United Kingdom governing the preparation and 

dissemination of financial statements may differ from legislation in  
other jurisdictions.

112   Tate & Lyle Annual Report 2011

Parent company balance sheet

Fixed assets
Tangible assets
Investments in subsidiary undertakings
Investment in associate

Current assets
Debtors: 
– amounts falling due within one year
– amounts falling due after more than one year

Creditors – due within one year

Net current assets

Total assets less current liabilities
Creditors – amounts falling due after more than one year
Provisions for liabilities and other charges

Net assets

Capital and reserves
Called up share capital
Share premium account
Capital redemption reserve
Profit and loss account

Shareholders’ funds

Notes

Year to 31 March
2010
£m

2011
£m

2
3
4

5
5

6

7
9

12
13
13
13

3
1 184
1

1 188

326
–

326
(71)

255

1 443
(188)
(3)

1 252  

117
406
8
721

2
1 416
1

1 419

399
1

400
(61)

339

1 758
(490)
(1)

1 267

115
405
8
739

1 252

1 267

The Parent company financial statements were approved by the Board of directors on 26 May 2011 and signed on its behalf by:

Javed Ahmed, Tim Lodge 

 Directors

Registered no. 76535

The notes on pages 114 to 117 form part of these Parent company financial statements.

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Tate & Lyle Annual Report 2011   113

 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Parent company financial statements 

1  Parent company accounting policies

Accounting basis 
The Parent company financial statements are prepared under the 
historical cost convention in accordance with the Companies Act 
2006 and applicable UK accounting standards. As permitted by 
Section 408(2) of the Companies Act 2006, the Company’s profit and 
loss account and statement of total recognised gains and losses are 
not presented in these financial statements. The profit for the year 
before dividends dealt with in the financial statements of the Company 
amounted to £44 million (2010 – £83 million). The Tate & Lyle PLC 
consolidated financial statements for the year ended 31 March  
2011 contain a consolidated statement of cash flows. Consequently 
the Company has taken the exemption available in FRS1 (Revised 
1996) Cash flow statements, and has not presented its own cash  
flow statement.

New UK standards and interpretations adopted
The following new standards, amendments and interpretations were 
adopted by the Company in the year. Adoption had no effect on the 
results, financial position of the Company or its disclosures.

– 

– 

– 
– 
– 

– 

– 

 Amendment to FRS 25 Financial Instruments: Presentation – 
Puttable financial instruments and obligations arising on liquidation
 Amendment to FRS 26 Financial Instruments: Recognition and 
Measurement – Eligible hedged items
Improvements to Financial Reporting Standards
 Amendments to FRS 29 Financial Instruments: Disclosures
 Amendment to FRS 20 Share-based payment – Group cash-
settled share-based payment transactions
 Amendment to FRS 25 (IAS 32) Financial instruments: 
Presentation on the classification of rights issues
 UITF Abstract 48 on accounting implications of the  
replacement of RPI with CPI

New UK standards and interpretations not adopted
The following amendments to Financial Reporting Standards have 
been issued but have not yet been adopted by the Company:

 FRS 30 Heritage Assets
Improvements to Financial Reporting Standards

– 
– 
–  SSAP 25 Segmental Reporting
–  FRS 8 Related Party Disclosures
–  FRS 29 Financial Instruments: Disclosures
– 

 UITF Abstract 47 (IFRIC 19), Extinguishing financial liabilities  
with equity instruments

The adoption of these amendments is not expected to have a material 
impact on the Company’s profit for the year or equity. The adoptions 
may affect disclosures in the Company’s financial statements.

Tangible fixed assets
Tangible fixed assets are stated at historic purchase cost less 
accumulated depreciation. Cost includes the original purchase price 
of the asset and the costs attributable to bringing the asset to its 
working condition for its intended use. Depreciation is provided on 
a straight-line basis to write off the cost of tangible fixed assets over 
their estimated useful life. The tangible fixed assets comprise plant and 
machinery and computer software which are depreciated over  
a period of 3 to 28 years. Impairment reviews are undertaken if there  
are indications that the carrying values may not be recoverable.

Investments
Unless they are financed by foreign currency borrowings and 
designated as a fair value hedging relationship, investments in 
subsidiaries and associates are shown at cost less amounts written 
off where there is a permanent diminution in value. Investments in 
shares in overseas undertakings that are financed by foreign currency 
borrowings and designated as a fair value hedging relationship are 
retranslated into pounds sterling at the exchange rate ruling at the 
balance sheet date and the resulting exchange gains and losses are 
recognised in the profit and loss account. Exchange gains and losses 
on the related foreign currency borrowings are also recognised in the 
profit and loss account in accordance with FRS 23 The Effects  
of Changes in Foreign Exchange Rates.

114   Tate & Lyle Annual Report 2011

An undertaking is regarded as a subsidiary undertaking if the 
Company has control over its operating and financial policies.

An undertaking is regarded as an associate if the Company holds a 
participating interest and has significant influence, but not control, over 
its operating and financial policies. Significant influence generally exists 
where the Company holds more than 20% and less than 50% of the 
shareholders’ voting rights.

All loans and receivables to and from subsidiary undertakings are 
shown at cost less amounts written off where deemed unrecoverable.

Leases
Operating lease costs are charged to profit as incurred.

Research and development
All expenditure on research and development is charged to profit  
as incurred.

Retirement benefits
The Company contributes to the Group pension plan operated 
in the UK. Details of the plan are included within Note 30 of the 
Group financial statements. As permitted under FRS17 Retirement 
Benefits, the plan is accounted for as a defined contribution plan, as 
the employer cannot identify its share of the underlying assets and 
liabilities of the plan. The employer’s contributions relate to the current 
service period only and are charged to the income statement as they 
are incurred.

Deferred tax
Deferred tax is recognised on a full provision basis on timing 
differences between the recognition of gains and losses in the 
financial statements and their recognition for tax purposes that have 
arisen but not reversed at the balance sheet date. Deferred tax is not 
recognised on permanent differences or on timing differences arising 
on unremitted profits of overseas subsidiaries. Deferred tax assets are 
recognised only to the extent that it is considered more likely than not 
that there will be sufficient future taxable profits to permit tax relief of 
the underlying timing differences. 

Foreign currencies
Monetary assets and liabilities in foreign currencies are translated into 
pounds sterling at the rates of exchange ruling on the last day of the 
financial period (the closing rate). Profits and losses are translated into 
pounds sterling at the prevailing rate at the time of transaction and 
credited or charged to the profit and loss account.

Share-based compensation
The Company operates a number of equity-settled, share-based 
compensation plans. Details of the plans are included within Note 26 
of the Group financial statements. The fair value of employee services 
received in exchange for the grant of the options is recognised as an 
expense. The total amount to be expensed over the vesting period  
is determined by reference to the fair value of the options granted, 
excluding the impact of any non-market vesting conditions (for 
example, earnings targets). Non-market vesting conditions are 
included in assumptions about the number of options that are 
expected to become exercisable. At each balance sheet date, for 
options granted with non-market vesting conditions, the Company 
revises its estimates of the number of options that are expected to 
become exercisable. It recognises the impact of the revision of original 
estimates, if any, in the profit and loss account, and a corresponding 
adjustment to equity. The proceeds received net of any directly 
attributable transaction costs are credited to share capital and share 
premium when the options are exercised.

Dividend distribution
Final dividend distributions to the Company’s equity holders are 
recognised as a liability in the Group’s financial statements in the 
period in which the dividends are approved by the Company’s 
shareholders, while interim dividend distributions are recognised in  
the period in which the dividends are declared and paid. Where a  
scrip alternative is offered and taken, the distribution is effected 
through an issue of bonus shares from the share premium account.

1  Parent company accounting policies (continued)

Share capital
Ordinary shares are classified as equity. Incremental costs directly attributable to the issue of new shares or options are shown in equity as a 
deduction, net of tax, from the proceeds.

Where any Group company purchases the Company’s equity share capital and holds that share either directly as treasury shares or indirectly 
within an ESOP trust, the consideration paid, including any directly attributable incremental costs (net of income taxes), is deducted from equity 
attributable to the Company’s equity holders until the shares are cancelled, reissued or disposed of. Where such shares are subsequently sold or 
reissued, any consideration received, net of any directly attributable incremental transaction costs and the related income tax effects, is included  
in equity attributable to the Company’s equity holders. These shares are used to satisfy share options granted to employees under the Group’s 
share option schemes. The trustee purchases the Company’s shares on the open market using loans made by the Company or other loans 
guaranteed by the Company.

2  Tangible fixed assets

The net book value of tangible fixed assets of £3 million (2010 – £2 million) comprises plant and machinery and computer software. Net book  
value comprises cost of £5 million (2010 – £4 million) less accumulated depreciation of £2 million (2010 – £2 million).

3 

Investments in subsidiary undertakings 

At 1 April 2010
Increase – share-based payments
Impairment
Reversal of impairment
Exchange

At 31 March 2011

Shares in 
subsidiary 
undertakings
£m

1 416
3
(232)
13
(16)

1 184 

Shares in subsidiary undertakings are stated at cost or earliest ascribed value less amounts provided of £368 million (2010 – £149 million). 

The impairment relates to the reassessment of the carrying value of a subsidiary after the payment of a dividend in favour of the Company. 

The reversal of impairment reflects an uplift to the recoverable amount of the Company’s investment in Tate & Lyle Ventures Ltd and Tate & Lyle 
Services Belgium NV.

4 

Investment in associate

The Company holds a 16.6% interest in Tapioca Development Corporation, a company incorporated in Thailand, for book value of £1 million 
(2010 – £1 million).

5  Debtors

Due within one year
Current tax
Amounts due from subsidiary undertakings
Other debtors
Prepayments and accrued income

Total

2011 
£m

3
318
4
1

326

31 March
2010
£m

16
377
5
1

399

The effective interest rate applicable to amounts due from subsidiary undertakings at 31 March 2011 is 2.0% (2010 – 1.5%). Amounts due from 
subsidiary undertakings are receivable on demand.

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Deferred tax

Total

6  Creditors – due within one year

Amounts due to subsidiary undertakings
Other creditors
Accruals and deferred income

Total

Amounts due to subsidiary undertakings are repayable on demand.

Note

8

2011 
£m

–

–

2011 
£m

55
8
8

71 

31 March
2010
£m

1

1

31 March
2010
£m

49
4
8

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Tate & Lyle Annual Report 2011   115

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Parent company financial statements 

7  Creditors – due after more than one year

Amounts due to subsidiary undertakings (note a)
Preference shares (note b)

Total

2011 
£m

186
2

188 

31 March
2010
£m

488
2

490

(a)   The effective interest rate applicable to amounts owed to subsidiary undertakings at 31 March 2011 is 6.5% (2010 – 6.5%). Amounts due to 

subsidiary undertakings at year end mature after more than one year (2010 – mature after more than two years).

(b)   On a return of capital on a winding-up, the holders of 6.5% cumulative preference shares shall be entitled to £1 per share, in preference to all 
other classes of shareholders. Holders of these shares are entitled to vote at meetings, except on the following matters: any question as to 
the disposal of the surplus profits after the dividend on these shares has been provided for; the election of directors; their remuneration; any 
agreement between the directors and the Company; or the alteration of the Articles of Association dealing with any such matters.

8  Deferred tax

Deferred tax charged to profit in the year was £1 million (2010 – £2 million).

9  Provisions for liabilities

At 31 March 2010
Charged to the income statement
Utilised in the year

At 31 March 2011

Restructuring 
£m

1
8
(6)

3 

Provisions primarily relate to restructuring as a result of the disposal of Group businesses and are expected to be utilised within the next 12 months.

10  Contingent liabilities

Loans and overdrafts of subsidiaries and joint ventures

2011 
£m

1 035 

31 March
2010
£m

1 251

Guarantees given in respect of drawn and undrawn loans and overdrafts by Tate & Lyle PLC were £2,479 million at 31 March 2011  
(2010 – £2,661 million).

Other trade guarantees have been given in the normal course of business by Tate & Lyle PLC at both 31 March 2011 and 31 March 2010.  
These are excluded from the figures given above and are in respect of Revenue and Customs and the Rural Payments Agency for Agricultural 
Produce bonds, ECGD recourse agreements, letters of credit, and tender and performance bonds.

11  Financial commitments

Annual payments made by the Company in the year ended 31 March 2011 in respect of operating leases that expire within one year were  
£3 million (2010 – £3 million that expire later than one year and no later than five years).

12  Called up share capital

Allotted, called up and fully paid equity share capital

At 1 April
Allotted under share option schemes
Scrip dividend shares issued

At 31 March

31 March 2011

 31 March 2010

Shares

460 575 700
217 743
7 317 897

468 111 340 

£m

115
–
2

Shares

460 012 801
48 287
514 612

117 

460 575 700

£m

115
–
–

115

Treasury shares and shares held in ESOP trust
As at 31 March 2011, the Group held 175,328 shares (2010 – 512,490 shares) in Treasury.

During the year 337,162 shares (2010 – 816,012 shares) were released from Treasury to satisfy share options exercised. 

The shares held in Treasury at 31 March 2011 represented less than 0.1% (2010 – 0.1%) of the share capital at the year end, and have a nominal 
value of less than £0.1 million (2010 – £0.1 million).

As at 31 March 2011, the Group held 2,713,694 shares (2010 – 3,141,100 shares) in an ESOP trust at a nominal value of 25p and a market value 
of 577.5p (2010 – 454.2p).

116   Tate & Lyle Annual Report 2011

 
 
 
 
13  Reconciliation of movements in shareholders’ funds

At 1 April 2010
Profit for the year
Proceeds from shares issued
Share-based payments
Ordinary dividends paid
Issue of shares for scrip dividend

At 31 March 2011

Ordinary 
shares
£m

115
–
–
–
–
2

117 

Share 
 premium 
account
£m

Capital 
redemption 
reserve
£m

Profit and 
 loss account
£m

405
–
1
–
–
–

406

8
–
–
–
–
–

8

739
44
1
9
(105)
33

721

Total
£m

1 267
44
2
9
(105)
35

1 252

Ordinary shares carry the right to participate in dividends and each share entitles the holder to one vote on matters requiring shareholder approval.
The amount available for the payment of dividends by the Company at 31 March 2011 was £721 million (2010 – £714 million).

During the year ended 31 March 2011, shareholders were given the option to receive the final dividend relating to the prior year and the interim 
dividend relating to the current year in the form of a scrip issue. On 30 July 2010 and 7 January 2011, the Group issued 5,716,625 shares and 
1,601,272 shares respectively for scrip at a nominal value per share of 25p and a total cash equivalent value of £35 million.

14  Related parties

As permitted by FRS 8 Related Party Disclosures, disclosure of related party transactions with other companies controlled by Tate & Lyle PLC is not 
provided. There were no reportable transactions with other related parties other than providing guarantees in respect of banking facilities of a joint 
venture totalling £10 million (2010 – £21 million).

15  Profit and loss account disclosures

As permitted by Section 408(2) of the Companies Act 2006, the Company has not presented its own profit and loss account.

The Company employed 98 staff including directors (2010 – 94) and the total staff costs are shown below:

Wages and salaries
Social security
Retirement benefits
Share based payments

Total

2011 
£m

14
2
1
6

23

31 March
2010
£m

11
1
1
3

16

Directors’ emoluments disclosures are provided in the directors’ remuneration report on pages 44 to 56 of this annual report and in Note 9 of the 
Group financial statements.

In addition, 5,108,263 outstanding share options attributable to employees and Directors of the Company as at 31 March 2011 are shown below:

Sharesave Scheme – 3/5 year options

Performance Share Plan

Executive share option scheme

Javed Ahmed – compensatory awards

Javed Ahmed – long term incentive awards

Deferred bonus share plan

16  Dividends

Year issued

Number of 
shares

Subscription 
prices 
pence

Dates normally 
exercisable

2006
2006
2007
2007
2008
2008
2009
2011

2008
2008
2009
2010

2003
2004

2009
2009

2009
2010

2008

4 847
456
1 911
26 073
5 029
52 131
39 613
21 700

222 115
326 216
677 307
1 066 797

136 216
339 904

689 019
359 488

659 609
473 042

6 790

518.00
716.00
531.00
395.00
408.00
376.00
418.00
488.00

 – 
 – 
 – 
 – 

335.75
325.00

 – 
 – 

 – 
 – 

 – 

2011-2012
2012
2012-2013
2011-2013
2011-2014
2012-2014
2013-2015
2014-2016

2011-2017
2012-2018
2012-2018
2013-2019

2006-2013
2007-2014

2011-2017
2012-2018

2012-2018
2013-2019

2011-2017

Details of the Company’s dividends are set out in Note 14 of the Group financial statements.

Tate & Lyle Annual Report 2011   117

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Five-year review financial years to 31 March

IFRS

Share information 
Pence per 25p ordinary share

Closing share price
Earnings per share:
– basic2
–  basic, before amortisation and exceptional items2
Earnings per share:
– diluted2
–  diluted, before amortisation and exceptional items2
Dividend

20071

575.0

44.3
48.7

43.6
47.9
21.5

20081

540.0

40.9
41.1

40.4
40.6
22.6

20091

260.5

14.2
37.8

14.1
37.5
22.9

20101

454.2

3.3
38.2

3.3
38.0
22.9

20111

577.5

35.3
44.6

34.7
43.8
23.7

Closing market capitalisation (£ million)

2 816

2 484

1 198

2 092

2 665 

Business ratios

Interest cover – times
Profit before interest, exceptional items and amortisation 
    divided by net finance expense2,3
Gearing
Net borrowings as a percentage of total net assets2
Net margin
Profit before interest, exceptional items and amortisation  
as a percentage of sales2
Return on net operating assets
Profit before interest and exceptional items as a percentage  
    of average net operating assets2
Dividend cover – times
Basic earnings per share after exceptional items and  
    amortisation divided by dividends per share2
Basic earnings per share before exceptional items and  
    amortisation divided by dividends per share2

8.4

7.8

6.1

5.8

6.9

90%

9.2%

110%

8.7%

122%

6.8%

95%

8.2%

48%

9.6%

18.9%

15.5%

12.7%

14.1%

20.2%

2.1

2.3

1.8

1.8

0.6

1.7

0.1

1.7

1.5

1.9 

1 
2 
3 

‘Amortisation’ relates to the amortisation of acquired intangible assets.
 These ratios have been calculated using the results of both continuing and discontinued operations. 
Interest cover has been calculated using the same basis as set out in the Group’s external bank covenants.

Results presented above are for years to 31 March and have been calculated using the Group’s published interim and full-year financial statements.

118   Tate & Lyle Annual Report 2011

IFRS

Employment of capital

Goodwill, intangible assets and property, plant and equipment
Other non-current assets
Working capital
Net assets held for sale
Net operating assets
Net borrowings
Net (liabilities)/assets for dividends and tax

Total net assets

Capital employed
Called up share capital
Reserves

Non-controlling interests

Profit summary1

Sales

Group operating profit:
Before exceptional items and amortisation2
Amortisation of acquired intangible assets
Exceptional items

Group operating profit/(loss)

Net finance expense

Profit/(loss) before tax
Income tax (expense)/credit

Profit/(loss) after tax
Non-controlling interests
Discontinued operations

Profit for the year attributable to equity holders  
of the Company

20071
£m

1 449
25
445
61
1 980
(900)
(85)

995

122
838

960
35

995

20081
£m

1 516
22
576
–
2 114
(1 041)
(123)

950

114
820

934
16

950

20091
£m

1 922
19
394
28
2 363
(1 231)
(119)

1 013

115
872

987
26

1 013

20101
£m

1 548
21
45
18
1 632
(814)
36

854

115
712

827
27

854

20111
£m

1 175
24
140
62
1 401
(464)
36

973

117
833

950
23

973

1 707

1 995

2 505

2 533

2 720

250
(9)
(13)

228

(39)

189
(66)

123
(3)
94

214

260
(12)
(59)

189

(45)

144
(72)

72
10
112

194

286
(15)
(110)

161

(53)

108
(11)

97
(1)
(31)

65

268
(14)
(298)

(44)

(72)

(116)
95

(21)
(4)
40

15

321
(13)
(5)

303

(58)

245
(49)

196
(4)
(29)

163 

Profit before tax, exceptional items 
    and amortisation2

Earnings/(loss) per share attributable to the equity holders of 
the Company from continuing operations:
– basic
– diluted

210

215

233

196

263 

24.9
24.4

17.3
17.1

21.0
20.9

(4.7)
(4.7)

42.6
41.9 

1 

2 

 Profit summary for the years ended 31 March 2007 to 31 March 2010 has been restated to reflect the disposal of EU Sugars, the sale of the Molasses businesses and the 
intention to sell the remaining businesses in the legacy Sugars segment. These businesses, classed as discontinued operations are excluded from all years.
‘Amortisation’ relates to the amortisation of acquired intangible assets.

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Tate & Lyle Annual Report 2011   119

 
 
 
 
Information for investors

Dividends on ordinary shares
Two payments were made during the tax year 2010/2011 as follows:

Payment date

30 July 2010
7 Jan 2011

Dividend  
description 

Final 2010
Interim 2011

Dividend  
per share

16.1p
6.8p

Services
Shareholding enquiries
Queries on shareholdings should be addressed to Tate & Lyle’s 
Registrar, Equiniti.

Financial calendar 

2011 Annual General Meeting
Announcement of half-year results for 
    six months to 30 September 2011
Announcement of full-year results for 
the year ending 31 March 2012

2012 Annual General Meeting

1  Provisional date

Dividend on ordinary shares

28 July 2011

3 Nov 20111

31 May 20121
26 July 20121

2011 final

2012 interim

2012 final

Announced
Payment date

27 May 2011
5 Aug 20112

3 Nov 20111
6 Jan 20121

31 May 20121
3 Aug 20122

1  Provisional date
2  Subject to the approval of shareholders

Dividends on 6½% cumulative preference shares 
Paid 31 March and 30 September.

Electronic communications
Shareholder documents are only sent in paper format to shareholders 
who have elected to receive documents in this way. This approach 
enables the Company to reduce printing and distribution costs and its 
impact on the environment.

Shareholders who have not elected to receive paper copies are sent a 
notification whenever shareholder documents are published, to advise 
them how to access the documents via the Tate & Lyle website, 
www.tateandlyle.com. Shareholders may also choose to receive this 
notification via email with a link to the relevant page on the website. 
Shareholders who wish to receive email notification should register 
online at www.shareview.co.uk, using their reference number that is 
either on their share certificate or other correspondence.

Equiniti Limited
Aspect House 
Spencer Road
Lancing
West Sussex 
BN99 6DA 
Tel:  0871 384 2063† (for UK calls) 

+44 (0)121 415 0235 (for calls from outside the UK)

www.equiniti.com
www.shareview.co.uk

† 

 Calls to 0871 numbers are charged at 8 pence per minute from a BT 
landline. Other telephone providers’ costs may vary. Lines are open from 
8:30am to 5:30pm UK time, Monday to Friday.

Individual Savings Account (ISA)
Tate & Lyle’s ordinary shares can be held in an ISA. For information, 
please call the Equiniti ISA Helpline on 0871 384 2244.

Tate & Lyle’s website (www.tateandlyle.com) and share  
price information
Tate & Lyle’s website provides direct links to other Group company 
sites and to sites providing financial and other information relevant 
to the Company. The share price is available on the website with a 
20-minute delay. Similar information is available on many specialist 
websites, on Teletext and in several national newspapers.

Capital gains tax
The market values on 31 March 1982 for the purposes of indexation 
up to April 1998 in relation to capital gains tax of Tate & Lyle PLC 
shares then in issue were:

Ordinary shares of £1 each
Equivalent value per ordinary share of 25p
6½% cumulative preference shares

201.00p
50.25p
43.50p

Tate & Lyle American Depositary Shares (ADSs)
The Company’s shares trade in the USA on the NASDAQ over the 
counter (OTC) market in the form of ADSs and these are evidenced 
by American Depositary Receipts (ADRs). The shares are traded on 
the OTCQX exchange under the ticker symbol TATYY. Each ADS is 
equivalent to four ordinary shares. For more information, contact  
the Bank of New York Mellon at:

The Bank of New York Mellon
Shareowner Services
PO Box 358516
Pittsburgh
PA 15252-8516
Tel:  +1 888 269 2377 (for US calls) 

+1 201 680 6825 (for calls from outside the USA)

On 10 April 2007, Tate & Lyle was approved for the International 
PremierQX tier of International OTCQX. This provides a gateway to 
US securities markets for international companies that are listed on a 
qualified international exchange. Tate & Lyle’s ADR is identified with an 
International PremierQX logo and investors can find current financial 
information and other disclosure on www.otcqx.com and  
www.pinksheets.com.

120   Tate & Lyle Annual Report 2011

Find out more about Tate & Lyle  
at www.tateandlyle.com

   
Contents

Directors’ report
Business review*
  1   Performance highlights
  2   Our business
  4   Chairman’s statement
  5   Chief Executive’s review
  8    Strategy and key performance indicators
  10  Group financial results
  12  Speciality Food Ingredients
  15  Bulk Ingredients
  18 
  19 
  22  Additional financial information
  26  Corporate responsibility

 Innovation and Commercial Development
 Risk management

  Governance*
  32   Board of directors
  34  Executive management
  35   Corporate governance
  44   Directors’ remuneration report
  57    Other statutory and governance information
  59   Directors’ statement of responsibilities

   Financial statements and  
  shareholder information
  Financial statements

  60 

  61 
  62 

  63 
  64 
  65 

  66 

 112 

 Independent Auditors’ Report to the  
Members of Tate & Lyle PLC 
 Consolidated income statement 
 Consolidated statement of  
comprehensive income 
 Consolidated statement of financial position 
 Consolidated statement of cash flows 
 Consolidated statement of changes in 
shareholders’ equity
 Notes to the consolidated financial 
statements 
 Parent company financial statements 

  Shareholder information

 118  Five-year review
 120 

Information for investors

Basis of preparation
Unless stated otherwise, the Group’s financial 
statements are prepared in accordance with 
International Financial Reporting Standards  
(IFRSs) as adopted by the EU.

Adjusted operating profit, adjusted profit  
before tax and adjusted earnings per share
Unless stated otherwise, adjusted operating  
profit, adjusted profit before tax and adjusted 
earnings per share in this annual report and 
accounts exclude discontinued operations and  
are before exceptional items and amortisation  
of acquired intangible assets.

Amortisation
Unless stated otherwise, the use of  
‘amortisation’ or ‘amortisation of acquired 
intangibles’ on pages 1 to 59 in this annual report 
relates to the amortisation of intangible assets 
acquired through business combinations.

Continuing operations
Unless stated otherwise, all comments in this 
annual report and accounts refer to the continuing 
operations adjusted to exclude exceptional items  
and amortisation of acquired intangible assets.  
A reconciliation of reported and adjusted 
information is included in Note 43 on page 111.

Cautionary statement
Please read the full cautionary and non-reliance 
statements which can be found on the inside  
back cover.

Definitions
In this report, ‘Company’ means Tate & Lyle PLC; 
‘Tate & Lyle’ or ‘Group’ means Tate & Lyle PLC  
and its subsidiary and joint-venture companies.

Trademarks
SPLENDA® and the SPLENDA® logo are  
trademarks of McNeil Nutritionals, LLC. 

The DuPont Oval logo, DuPont™ and Sorona®  
are trademarks or registered trademarks of  
E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company.

*   These sections make up the Directors’ report. This part 
of the annual report sets out the information on the 
Group’s principal activities, together with a review of the 
development and performance of the Group, including 
financial performance, in accordance with Section  
417 of the Companies Act 2006.

This report is available online at  
www.tateandlyle.com/annualreport2011 

We are always reviewing the way that we 
communicate with our shareholders and this 
year we have also produced this report as 
an iPad app which you can download for 
free from the AppStore.

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Tate & Lyle PLC
Tate & Lyle PLC is a public limited company 
listed on the London Stock Exchange and 
registered in England. This is the report and 
accounts for the year ended 31 March 2011. 
More information about Tate & Lyle can be 
found on our website at www.tateandlyle.com.

Environmental statement
This Report is printed on ‘Look!’ paper and 
has been independently certified on behalf  
of the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC).

Printed at St Ives Westerham Press Ltd, 
ISO14001, FSC certified and CarbonNeutral®

Registered office
Tate & Lyle PLC
Sugar Quay 
Lower Thames Street
London EC3R 6DQ
Tel: +44 (0)20 7626 6525
Fax: +44 (0)20 7623 5213
Company number: 76535

www.tateandlyle.com

Credits
Designed, typeset and produced by
www.berghindjoseph.com

Photography by David Rees

Non-reliance statement
This annual report and accounts has 
been prepared solely to provide additional 
information to shareholders to assess the 
Group’s strategy and the potential of that 
strategy to succeed and should not be 
relied upon by any other party or for 
any other purpose.

Cautionary statement
This annual report and accounts contains 
certain forward-looking statements with 
respect to the financial condition, results, 
operations and businesses of Tate & Lyle PLC. 
These statements and forecasts involve risk 
and uncertainty because they relate to events 
and depend upon circumstances that may 
occur in the future. There are a number of 
factors that could cause actual results or 
developments to differ materially from those 
expressed or implied by these forward-looking 
statements and forecasts. Nothing in this 
annual report and accounts should be 
construed as a profit forecast.

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Tate & Lyle Annual Report 2011   121

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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www.tateandlyle.com

Annual Report 2011
Focus, Fix, Grow.