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Tesco PLC
Annual Report and
Financial Statements 2014
Contents
Strategic report
IFC Tesco at a glance
IFC Highlights
01 Chairman’s statement
03 Report from the Chief Executive
08 Market overview
10 Business model
12 Financial review
16 Key performance indicators
19 Other statutory disclosures
20 Principal risks and uncertainties
Corporate governance
26 Board of Directors
28 Executive Committee
30 Corporate governance report
41 Directors’ remuneration report
62 Directors’ report
Financial statements
64 Statement of Directors’ responsibilities
65
Independent auditors’ report to the members
of Tesco PLC
69 Group income statement
70 Group statement of comprehensive income
71 Group balance sheet
72 Group statement of changes in equity
73 Group cash flow statement
73
Reconciliation of net cash flow to movement
in net debt note
74 Notes to the Group financial statements
122 Tesco PLC – Parent Company balance sheet
123 Notes to the Parent Company financial statements
131 Independent auditors’ report to the members of
Tesco PLC (Parent Company financial statements)
Other information
132 Supplementary information (unaudited)
143 Financial calendar
143 Glossary
144 Five-year record
There’s a lot more content online
Go online to find out more about
our performance, hear from our
leadership team and explore our
business in more detail.
You’ll find PDF and Excel downloads
of our financial statements too.
Visit www.tescoplc.com/ar2014
Tesco PLC
Tesco House
Delamare Road
Cheshunt
Hertfordshire EN8 9SL
www.tescoplc.com/ar2014
BACK COVERFRONT COVEROUTSIDE FLAP
Contents
Strategic report
IFC Tesco at a glance
IFC Highlights
01 Chairman’s statement
03 Report from the Chief Executive
08 Market overview
10 Business model
12 Financial review
16 Key performance indicators
19 Other statutory disclosures
20 Principal risks and uncertainties
Corporate governance
26 Board of Directors
28 Executive Committee
30 Corporate governance report
41 Directors’ remuneration report
62 Directors’ report
Financial statements
64 Statement of Directors’ responsibilities
65
Independent auditors’ report to the members
of Tesco PLC
69 Group income statement
70 Group statement of comprehensive income
71 Group balance sheet
72 Group statement of changes in equity
73 Group cash flow statement
73
Reconciliation of net cash flow to movement
in net debt note
74 Notes to the Group financial statements
122 Tesco PLC – Parent Company balance sheet
123 Notes to the Parent Company financial statements
131 Independent auditors’ report to the members of
Tesco PLC (Parent Company financial statements)
Other information
132 Supplementary information (unaudited)
143 Financial calendar
143 Glossary
144 Five-year record
There’s a lot more content online
Go online to find out more about
our performance, hear from our
leadership team and explore our
business in more detail.
You’ll find PDF and Excel downloads
of our financial statements too.
Visit www.tescoplc.com/ar2014
INSIDE FLAP
INSIDE FRONT COVER
Tesco at a glance*
Chairman’s statement
UK
Asia
£43.6bn
Revenue±
£2,191m
Trading profit
£10.3bn
Revenue±
£692m
Trading profit
Europe
£9.3bn
Revenue±
£238m
Trading profit
Tesco Bank
£1.0bn
Revenue±
£194m
Trading profit
0.0%
Revenue growth±
(3.6)%
Trading profit growth
+2.6%
Revenue growth±
(5.6)%
Trading profit growth
(0.6)%
Revenue growth±
(27.7)%
Trading profit growth
(1.8)%
Revenue growth±
+1.6%
Trading profit growth
68%
66%
16%
21%
14%
7%
2%
6%
313,923
colleagues◊
1st
market position
96,085
colleagues◊
1st or 2nd
in three markets
91,788
colleagues◊
1st or 2nd
in five markets
3,748
colleagues◊
3,378
stores
16m
loyalty scheme
members
2,417
stores
14m
loyalty scheme
members
1,510
stores
8m
loyalty scheme
members
7m
customer accounts
£6bn
savings deposits
86%
of product sales
are online
• Strengthened the foundations of the
• Regulatory restrictions on opening
business, in a weakening grocery market
• Launched Price Promise, relaunched
finest* range and completed around
300 store refreshes
• Tailored the ranges in our Express stores
to local catchments and trialled the
ingredients to make our destination
stores worth the trip
• Large stores and general merchandise
transformation weighed on top-line
performance
• Extended Click & Collect to 1,750 general
merchandise and 260 grocery locations,
helping to build our multichannel offer
• Now accelerating plans to deliver the
most compelling offer for customers with
sharper prices, improved quality, stronger
ranges and better service, in addition to
accelerating growth in new channels
hours in South Korea, combined with
political disruption in Thailand, held
back overall performance in Asia
• Continued with refresh programme and
store opening programme focused on
Thailand and South Korea. Plan to open
1.2 million square feet in Asia in
2014/15, whilst continuing to grow our
convenience and grocery home
shopping operations
• Forming a partnership with China
Resources Enterprise Ltd. giving Tesco
a 20% ownership stake in the largest
food retail business in China
• Entered into an agreement with Trent
Limited, part of the Tata Group, to form
a 50:50 joint venture with Trent
Hypermarket Limited which operates
the Star Bazaar retail business in India
• Trading profit reflects challenging
conditions, particularly for large
stores, and decision to invest in a more
compelling offer for customers across
the region
• Significantly reduced new store
openings and any future investment will
be focused on convenience and grocery
home shopping
• Completed roll-out of grocery home
shopping to all international operations,
with the exception of India
• Invested in the customer offer across
the region, with improved trading
through the second half of the year
• In Ireland launched Price Promise, helping
to drive improved customer trust in prices.
Worked to emphasise the breadth of our
offer and points of differentiation
• Trading profit grew by 19% excluding
income from the legacy insurance
distribution agreement and fair
value release
• Good growth in core banking products
with customer accounts for credit cards,
loans, mortgages and savings up 14%
• Despite challenging market conditions
for our insurance business, strong
growth in Home Insurance following
its relaunch
• In its first full year, our mortgage
product has made good progress with
balances reaching £0.7 billion
• On track to launch current accounts in
the first half of 2014/15, designed to
strengthen loyalty and engagement as
part of our multichannel offer
Highlights
We are a team of over
500,000 people in 12 markets
dedicated to providing the
most compelling offer to
our customers. With retail
operations in the UK, Asia and
Europe, we strive to bring the
best value, choice and service to
millions of customers each week.
Group sales
£70.9bn
Group sales growth
+0.3%
Group profit before tax
£2.3bn
Underlying profit before tax**
(6.9)%
Underlying diluted earnings per share**†
(7.3)%
Full-year dividend
14.76p
*
All figures reported on a continuing operations
basis, excluding China and the United States
which have been treated as discontinued.
± Excludes the accounting impact of IFRIC 13.
◊ Based on the number of colleagues at year end.
** These figures reflect a year-on-year movement.
See glossary on page 143 for full accounting
definitions.
Calculated on a constant tax rate basis; (5.0)% at
actual tax rates.
†
Our strategic priorities
Our strategy has been developed to
drive sustainable growth through
three priorities:
1. Continuing to invest in
a strong UK business
2. Establishing multichannel
leadership in all of
our markets
3. Pursuing disciplined
international growth
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The future: strategic
developments in retail
The backdrop of technology-driven change
in the retail sector becomes a more insistent
drumbeat every day. Boundaries between
the online and offline world are becoming
blurred. The challenge, and opportunity,
for retailers is not just to have (and be able
to operate across) multiple channels. It is
to meet the rapid changes in consumer
behaviour that we are seeing as technology
opens up new horizons for them. The capacity
for consumers to communicate instantly with
each other, with us and with other retailers
is driving completely different expectations
for service levels, choice, convenience,
indeed the whole shopping experience.
A level of customisation and personalisation,
unthinkable a decade ago is becoming
the norm.
Consequently, being a leading retailer
today is not a guarantee of value creation
tomorrow. We need to ensure that we are
tomorrow’s leading retailer. We had already
set ourselves on the path to becoming a
leading multichannel retailer to meet this
challenge. The accelerating evolution of
customer behaviours reinforces us in this
choice of direction and has led us in the
past year progressively to intensify our actions
to deliver this end. This includes not only
ensuring a more seamless service for
customers but also a business which matches
more closely what they want, for example by
making our larger stores more compelling
destinations in their own right as well as
ensuring we offer more convenience stores.
Strategic change requires investment.
Our task is to allocate resources to compete
effectively in today’s market while giving
priority to ensuring that we emerge as
winners in the coming multichannel,
customer-centric market. Your Board is
extremely focused on the need to manage
this balance between current and future
returns with great care, optimising both
without imperilling either. The business
is taking decisive steps to free up capital
and operational resources, but for the
time being the imperative of securing the
longer-term future means that our current
financial performance remains constrained.
Other business priorities
In my foreword last year, I said:
“ Our strategic choices are defined by
three parameters: the strength of the
Designed and produced by
Tesco brand; the internet and all the
Addison Group
associated developments it is driving;
and the potential to leverage our skill
www.addison-group.net
and scale internationally…”
This Report is printed on Revive 100
I have remarked on the fundamental
Pure White Silk paper and has been
re-orientation of the business to meet
independently certified on behalf of
the changes being driven by the internet.
the Forest Stewardship Council® (FSC).
Let me say a word about brand; and about
The inks used are all vegetable oil based.
how we view our international businesses.
Sir Richard Broadbent
Chairman
“ Being a leading retailer
today is not a guarantee of
value creation tomorrow.
We need to ensure that
we are tomorrow’s
leading retailer.”
Visit www.tescoplc.com/ar2014
to hear more from Sir Richard Broadbent
and other members of the leadership team
Continuity and change
This has been an important year for Tesco.
There has been a great deal to occupy us in
relation to current trading as weak markets
and intense competition persist. At the
same time, we continue to reshape the
business to address the fundamental
changes taking place in the retail market.
The challenging trading conditions of
the past year have impacted profits and
necessarily remain a focus of management
attention. We continue to devote a lot of
energy and creativity to creating products
and services which customers want to
buy at prices they find attractive, through
whichever channel they choose and
which leave them wanting to visit us again.
We have continued to focus on improving
the experience for customers with
continued investment in colleagues,
a big programme of store refurbishment,
significant investment in quality and a
renewal of product ranges, including
the entire finest* range, and a continued
emphasis on Building a Better Tesco in
the widest sense of the term.
More broadly, however, it has been a
year when your company has moved
from addressing existing business issues
to driving our strategy for future growth
and value. There is never a year in which a
business focuses solely on one or the other.
But it is fair to say that at some point in the
past year the balance of where our energies
and resources are focused tipped from
addressing past issues to investing in the
future. We remain focused on the present
but we are starting to quicken our pace into
the future.
Tesco PLC Annual Report and Financial Statements 2014
01
Chairman’s statement
The future: strategic
developments in retail
The backdrop of technology-driven change
in the retail sector becomes a more insistent
drumbeat every day. Boundaries between
the online and offline world are becoming
blurred. The challenge, and opportunity,
for retailers is not just to have (and be able
to operate across) multiple channels. It is
to meet the rapid changes in consumer
behaviour that we are seeing as technology
opens up new horizons for them. The capacity
for consumers to communicate instantly with
each other, with us and with other retailers
is driving completely different expectations
for service levels, choice, convenience,
indeed the whole shopping experience.
A level of customisation and personalisation,
unthinkable a decade ago is becoming
the norm.
Consequently, being a leading retailer
today is not a guarantee of value creation
tomorrow. We need to ensure that we are
tomorrow’s leading retailer. We had already
set ourselves on the path to becoming a
leading multichannel retailer to meet this
challenge. The accelerating evolution of
customer behaviours reinforces us in this
choice of direction and has led us in the
past year progressively to intensify our actions
to deliver this end. This includes not only
ensuring a more seamless service for
customers but also a business which matches
more closely what they want, for example by
making our larger stores more compelling
destinations in their own right as well as
ensuring we offer more convenience stores.
Strategic change requires investment.
Our task is to allocate resources to compete
effectively in today’s market while giving
priority to ensuring that we emerge as
winners in the coming multichannel,
customer-centric market. Your Board is
extremely focused on the need to manage
this balance between current and future
returns with great care, optimising both
without imperilling either. The business
is taking decisive steps to free up capital
and operational resources, but for the
time being the imperative of securing the
longer-term future means that our current
financial performance remains constrained.
Other business priorities
In my foreword last year, I said:
“ Our strategic choices are defined by
three parameters: the strength of the
Tesco brand; the internet and all the
associated developments it is driving;
and the potential to leverage our skill
and scale internationally…”
I have remarked on the fundamental
re-orientation of the business to meet
the changes being driven by the internet.
Let me say a word about brand; and about
how we view our international businesses.
Sir Richard Broadbent
Chairman
“ Being a leading retailer
today is not a guarantee of
value creation tomorrow.
We need to ensure that
we are tomorrow’s
leading retailer.”
Visit www.tescoplc.com/ar2014
to hear more from Sir Richard Broadbent
and other members of the leadership team
Continuity and change
This has been an important year for Tesco.
There has been a great deal to occupy us in
relation to current trading as weak markets
and intense competition persist. At the
same time, we continue to reshape the
business to address the fundamental
changes taking place in the retail market.
The challenging trading conditions of
the past year have impacted profits and
necessarily remain a focus of management
attention. We continue to devote a lot of
energy and creativity to creating products
and services which customers want to
buy at prices they find attractive, through
whichever channel they choose and
which leave them wanting to visit us again.
We have continued to focus on improving
the experience for customers with
continued investment in colleagues,
a big programme of store refurbishment,
significant investment in quality and a
renewal of product ranges, including
the entire finest* range, and a continued
emphasis on Building a Better Tesco in
the widest sense of the term.
More broadly, however, it has been a
year when your company has moved
from addressing existing business issues
to driving our strategy for future growth
and value. There is never a year in which a
business focuses solely on one or the other.
But it is fair to say that at some point in the
past year the balance of where our energies
and resources are focused tipped from
addressing past issues to investing in the
future. We remain focused on the present
but we are starting to quicken our pace into
the future.
Tesco PLC Annual Report and Financial Statements 2014
01
Other informationGovernanceFinancial statementsStrategic report
Chairman’s statement continued
“ The future is a retail world
where retailers will need
to operate across multiple
channels while meeting
wholly different customer
expectations for service
levels, choice, convenience
and overall experience.”
The Tesco brand
Re-building the Tesco brand to become
synonymous again with value, choice and
quality, to be seen again as unerringly on
the customers’ side, is central to our future.
In the multichannel world we are moving
into, what you are known for will be
as important as the channels through
which you sell. We have and will continue
therefore the patient work to strengthen
trust in our brand. This is not without its
cost but we believe it is as important an
investment as any other part of our strategy.
Values are central to any brand and last
year we took the major step of introducing
a new Value: we use our scale for good.
This is evidently a long-term project but
the year has seen the first steps taken to
embed this sentiment as a touchstone
of the business. These are reported in
more detail in our separate update of
“Tesco and Society” which is being
published alongside this report.
International
Our priority is to deliver value to our
shareholders. The last two years or so have
seen us address tough decisions in relation
to the international business. That said, we
continue to see opportunity to create value
internationally by leveraging our skills and
scale in relatively rapidly growing economies
with less developed modern retail sectors
where the rate of economic growth coupled
with switching to modern retail outlets can
generate attractive returns.
Such opportunities need to be taken with
focus, flexibility and care. The completion
in the past year of our exit from the US
underpins the importance of piloting new
ventures; of being open to partnership
especially in new markets; to selecting
rigorously those markets that meet
tightly-drawn criteria for investment; and
to ensure close management and control
of the investments. Many of our choices
this year, to enter partnerships in China and
India or to invest modestly in an internet
start-up in South East Asia, reflect this
philosophy of establishing a position of
opportunity and testing returns against our
criteria as a basis for building long-term,
value-enhancing positions.
Governance
In common with other public companies,
we are meeting this year new standards
of disclosure. Our Remuneration Policy
is set out on pages 41 to 61 for
shareholders to consider. Our accounts
as a whole have been considered by the
Board in the light of the new test to be
“fair, balanced and understandable.”
We have taken seriously the spirit as
well as the letter of the new Regulations,
which are seeking to build trust between
the corporate sector and society generally
through levels of transparency and
disclosure which are undoubtedly now
world-leading.
We were pleased to welcome Mark Armour
to the Board in September last year and the
expertise, rooted in a long business career,
that he brings to our discussions.
We announced on 4 April that Laurie
McIlwee had resigned from his position
as Chief Financial Officer. I would like to
thank Laurie for his contribution to Tesco
over the last 14 years. Together with Philip
and the wider team, Laurie has played an
important role in our process to transform
Tesco and position it to be a winner in the
new era of retailing. I and the Board wish
him every success for the future.
Financial results
Our task is to deliver value to our shareholders
and we hold this goal in mind in all our
deliberations. The trade-offs at the present
time are not straightforward and we
continually track the balance between future
value and current return, seeking to ensure
an optimum balance between the two in the
context of the rapid changes which the retail
sector is experiencing. This is reflected in a
number of one-off write-offs associated with
significant business or market developments
and in our results generally which have
again been held back by the factors I have
described. Revenues from continuing
operations were broadly flat and underlying
profit fell by (6.9)%. We understand the
importance of the dividend to our
shareholders and our confidence in the
strategic choices we are making is reflected
in an unchanged dividend.
Conclusion
In pursuing our goals, the most important
resource we have is our colleagues who are
the ones who work unfailingly to anticipate
and meet the needs of customers, and I
and the whole Board are grateful to each
and every one of them for all that they do.
The future is a retail world where retailers
will need to operate across multiple
channels while meeting wholly different
customer expectations for service levels,
choice, convenience and overall experience.
You may be assured that we will compete
hard in the current market but the bigger
prize we seek on your behalf is to utilise
the unique assets and resources of Tesco
to ensure we emerge as leaders in the
future world of retailing.
Sir Richard Broadbent
Chairman
02
Tesco PLC Annual Report and Financial Statements 2014
Report from the Chief Executive
experiencing and we have focused our
resources on building on these strengths.
Two years ago, I also outlined plans to
deal with the more Tesco-specific issues
by improving our offer for customers in the
UK through a programme of investment in
improved service, quality and price. It was
important that we started when we did, and
this programme of improvement continues
and is being accelerated as competitive
conditions intensify. With our strategy already
in place, we know what we need to do, and we
know that we have to do it even more quickly.
These issues do mean that our headline
numbers are not where we want or planned
for them to be. We have taken decisive
action to improve performance, but the
issues we face cannot all be fixed overnight.
We need to do more, we need to go faster.
I am, however, confident that we have the
right strategies and the right team to
compete effectively in the current market
and to ensure that we emerge a leader
in the multichannel world of retailing.
Progress in 2013/14
We laid out our three strategic priorities
for the business in April 2013:
1. Continuing to invest in a strong UK business
2. Establishing multichannel leadership in all
of our markets
3. Pursuing disciplined international growth
These priorities are even more relevant
today than they were when I announced
them and we have made progress on each
of them.
1. Continuing to invest in a strong
UK business
We launched the Building a Better Tesco
plan in the UK two years ago and invested
£1 billion in six key areas of the business:
Service & Staff, Stores & Formats, Range &
Quality, Price & Value, Brand & Marketing
and Clicks & Bricks. As I made clear at the
time, we had been running our stores ‘too
hot’ for too long and this investment was
long-overdue. I have described below some
of the progress we have made under each
of the areas of the plan.
(i) Service & Staff
Having taken on 8,000 more colleagues
in our stores, this year we’ve focused on
providing further customer service training.
We have delivered training to more than
250,000 colleagues in the UK, helping
them to make every moment with
customers matter. We have rescheduled
300,000 hours in the last year with the aim of
having the right number of colleagues in our
stores, in the right departments and at times
of the day that customers need them most.
We are seeing improvements in customer
perceptions and the proportion of customers
Philip Clarke
Chief Executive
Our strategic priorities
Our strategy has been developed
to drive sustainable growth through
three priorities:
1. Continuing to invest in a strong
UK business
2. Establishing multichannel
leadership in all of our markets
3. Pursuing disciplined
international growth
Further discussion around each of these
priorities is provided within my report on
the following pages.
Visit www.tescoplc.com/ar2014
to hear more from Philip Clarke and
other members of the leadership team
Introduction
This year marks my 40th year at Tesco.
I have found every single one of those
years exciting and challenging, but I have
never seen such a pace of change within
the industry as I have over the past year,
driven by both structural and cyclical forces.
Consumer behaviours are changing more
quickly than ever before and that means we
have to accelerate our rate of change too.
Customers are increasingly using technology in
all aspects of their everyday lives and the pace
of transition to online shopping has been even
faster than we expected. Since taking over
as Chief Executive of your business in 2011,
I have been clear of the need to transform
Tesco to be a leader in the multichannel
retail environment. The way the market
has developed since then has underlined
the importance of this strategic choice.
At the same time, consumer behaviours
continue to be strongly influenced by
economic conditions which have continued
to be tough in the markets in which we
operate. Overall, consumers are spending
more carefully. They are increasingly
choosing to shop online or in smaller
convenience stores rather than in large
stores, which presents a particular challenge
for Tesco given the number of large stores
we have around the world.
So we face a mix of Tesco-specific issues
and broader issues affecting the whole
sector and it is important that we tackle
both. This is a large agenda and has kept
us fully occupied over the past year.
Thanks to the foresight of my predecessors,
over the course of more than 17 years,
we’ve already developed strong online
and convenience businesses. This has
ensured we are well-positioned to address
the industry-wide changes we are
Tesco PLC Annual Report and Financial Statements 2014
03
Other informationGovernanceFinancial statementsStrategic report
Report from the Chief Executive continued
This year, we completed the work to materially
improve our 8,000 core Tesco products.
“ It is essential that
customers can trust our
prices. We want prices
to be stable, we want
them to be logical and,
of course, we want them
to be competitive.”
rating customer service and staff helpfulness
as excellent has improved by 40% since
2012. We know we need to do more in order
to make service a point of difference for us
and to deliver excellent customer service for
every customer on every shopping trip. This
will remain a key priority for the UK business
in the coming year.
(ii) Stores & Formats
Over the last two years, we have refreshed
over a third of our UK stores in some way.
This work has involved improvements to
store environments and has prioritised the
departments that matter most to customers,
primarily fresh food. We have applied the
learnings from each phase of the refresh
programme to the next, enhancing our
approach as the programme has evolved.
As a result, there are some newer initiatives
that we will seek to introduce to some of
the stores that formed the early part of the
refresh programme.
Following the trial stores we completed in
2012/13, our refresh programme to date has
been more focused on our Express format
and on our smaller Superstores. Given the
change in shopping behaviours I mentioned
above, our larger stores have been a drag
on performance and this is one of the
most important areas that we need to
address. Therefore, the focus of our refresh
programme will now be on reinventing our
largest stores to ensure that they are worth
the trip for customers.
This year we have tested a number
of ingredients for our Extra refresh
programme, and begun to roll out a
range of components to help make these
stores relevant destinations that customers
actively choose to visit. In 2014/15 we will
refresh 110 of our Extra stores, aiming to
make them even stronger destinations.
More of the ingredients will appear in these
larger stores and typically they will feature
strong clothing and general merchandise
as well as tailored new food experiences,
such as Giraffe, Euphorium, Harris+Hoole
and Decks dependent upon the local
customer. We will also be working hard to
put ‘Food First’ and create the best ranges
of fresh foods. We are looking forward to
accelerating the appearance of these new
features in our stores over the next three
years. While this refresh work causes some
short-term disruption, the resulting uplifts
will be long-lasting.
(iii) Range & Quality
This year, we completed the work to materially
improve our 8,000 core Tesco products.
Following the relaunch of our finest* range
in October, we relaunched our Healthy Living
range in January. The customer response to
the improvements we have made across our
Tesco products has been pleasing, and our
own-label sales account for around half of
our total UK sales (excluding petrol).
Whilst the direct impact of the meat
contamination issue last year was limited
to just four of our products, we have made
marked improvements in the supply chain,
shortening its length and focusing on
provenance, greater control and traceability.
Through our world-class testing programme,
we have tested over 5,300 products and we
are the first major retailer to offer two-year
direct contracts for beef and lamb farmers
right back to the farm gate. More than 300
farmers have signed up already.
(iv) Price & Value
Customers are actively seeking the best
value, and this is more important than
ever in a market which has become even
more competitive over recent months. It is
essential that customers can trust our prices.
We want prices to be stable, we want them
to be logical and, of course, we want them
to be competitive. Our Price Promise has
now been in place for over a year and
provides instant reassurance to customers
that on fresh foods, on own-label and on
branded products they will not lose out
at Tesco.
Every customer perception measure on
price has improved over the last 12 months,
but there is still more to do on pricing.
We know how important it is to customers
that they get the best possible prices on lines
that matter most to them. That is why in
February, we announced that we are
accelerating the pace of change including
an initial investment of £200 million in
bringing down, and keeping down, prices of
key lines, starting with milk, carrots, onions
and eggs. You can be sure that we will continue
to focus relentlessly on ensuring we are
competitive in the marketplace and where
we need to do more, we will do more.
(v) Brand & Marketing
Clubcard is more important now than it has
ever been before. It is at the core of providing
a differentiated, personalised offer and it
allows customers to choose how to unlock
greater value for themselves. It is at the heart
of our unique relationship with our customers
and we need to use the power of Clubcard to
personalise how we communicate with and
serve our customers, providing them with
offers and services which are relevant and
tailored to how they live their lives. We are
using Clubcard to deliver more value for
customers and have delivered almost 60
million personalised mailings this year for
products that customers buy week in, week out.
A good example of the power of Clubcard
and of the advocacy that it can drive is
the launch of Clubcard Fuel Save. It is a
completely new concept for the UK retail
industry. Customers can earn money off
their fuel, just by doing their normal
shopping. It is inclusive – every penny
counts towards the level of saving whether
customers are shopping online for their
04
Tesco PLC Annual Report and Financial Statements 2014
“ A good example of the
power of Clubcard and
of the advocacy that it
can drive is the launch
of Clubcard Fuel Save.”
“ The pace of the transition
to online is rapid. This
creates challenges for
the industry but we
have a market-leading,
profitable grocery home
shopping business.”
Establishing multichannel leadership
is about putting the customer at the
centre of our offer and building a
seamless experience around them,
whether they want to shop in a store,
online, in our restaurants, at the Bank
or across a combination of them all.
weekly shop or popping in store for a
sandwich, and they are in control of when
they redeem their saving too. In just the
first few weeks, more than three million
customers saved money on fuel.
Clubcard Fuel Save is one example of the
things we are doing to improve loyalty. Loyalty
has always been important to Tesco because
greater loyalty delivers greater lifetime value.
(vi) Clicks & Bricks
As I have already referenced, the pace
of the transition to online is rapid. This
creates challenges for the industry but we
have a market-leading, profitable grocery
home shopping business that already
generates £2.5 billion of sales in the UK.
By any measure our service is industry-
leading, and it represents a world-class
platform from which to build our position
of leadership in the multichannel world.
Our Delivery Saver subscription service,
which only launched in May 2012, is used
by over 200,000 customers. We offer
one-hour delivery slots in over 98% of the
UK and Grocery Click & Collect is available
at 260 locations.
Tesco has always been about making
products previously seen as unattainable
more accessible. So we were especially proud
of the launch of Hudl – our very own tablet
– which made tablet devices much more
accessible to more families across the UK.
It proved extremely popular with customers,
exceeding our own expectations, and earned
outstanding reviews from the technology
press. It was recently named ‘ReThink Retail
Technology Initiative of the Year’ at the Retail
Week Awards and we plan to launch a second
device later this year.
Accelerating our plans for
customers in the UK
I am clear that we have strengthened the
foundations of the UK business, but I am
also clear that we need to do more. Above all
else, we are focused on delivering the most
compelling offer for customers and we are
accelerating our plans. Consequently, over
the coming months you will see a continuing
focus on every day low prices on the lines that
matter most, more product innovation and
quality improvements that delight, new and
improved general merchandise ranges and
more Extra stores becoming destinations
worth a trip in their own right, while our
convenience stores will be best in class.
Our attention to service levels will intensify and
we will deliver exceptional value for customers
through Clubcard, just as we are doing through
the recent launch of Clubcard Fuel Save.
It is this combination of accelerating growth in
new channels while investing in sharper prices,
improved quality, stronger ranges and better
service that places a strain on short-term
results. But it is also this combination of
actions and strategic choice that will deliver
sustainable long-term value. Where we have
moved – for example in ending the UK
space race, in focusing on cash and capital
discipline, in developing grocery home
shopping – others in the sector have followed.
Our aim is to continue to lead, recognising
that structural change on this scale is a long
game and it is in our interest – and your
interest – to be a long-term winner.
2. Establishing multichannel
leadership in all of our markets
Against the backdrop of an accelerating
shift to online shopping, our priority of
establishing multichannel leadership in
all of our markets has never been more
relevant. Customers’ behaviours are
changing, their expectations of retailers
continue to rise and they want to be able
to shop however, whenever and wherever
they want. We are moving from the first
curve of retailing – one of bricks and
mortar – to the second curve built around
a seamless blend of bricks and clicks.
Establishing multichannel leadership is about
putting the customer at the centre of our offer
and building a seamless experience around
them, whether they want to shop in store,
online, in our restaurants, at the Bank or across
a combination of them all. Customer journeys
are becoming more complex. Customers
bounce between channels and devices in
whichever way they choose and they expect a
seamless experience. Our goal is to provide a
zero-defect, end-to-end experience however
our customers want to shop. While this presents
challenges, it brings lots of opportunities
too. Our scale, and our existing strengths from
the first curve world, mean we are uniquely
placed to lead in this new world.
It is clear to us that those customers who
choose to shop across more channels with
us spend more and are more loyal to Tesco.
Identifying our most valuable customers
and enabling them to shop with us
however, whenever and wherever they
want is our opportunity.
We have some ambitious goals and bold
plans for our multichannel business in
Tesco PLC Annual Report and Financial Statements 2014
05
TOther informationGovernanceFinancial statementsStrategic report
Report from the Chief Executive continued
2014/15: to provide market-leading delivery
pricing, twice the number of Click & Collect
locations, including alternative locations such
as London tube stations, and added-value
products and services, including Tesco Bank’s
current account and digital wallet.
Our work, however, to refresh seven of
our largest stores, including our stores in
Dongsuwon and Yuseong, has delivered
encouraging results. We also continued to
grow our convenience portfolio, with the
opening of 71 ‘365 plus’ franchise stores.
In the medium term, we will offer one-hour
delivery slots to the whole of the UK, for
non-food as well as food, and for third-party
sellers as well as our own products. By doing
so, we will effectively create an e-commerce
infrastructure not just for Tesco but for others
as well. It is because we have the potential
to innovate on this scale that we believe
your company will emerge a winner in the
coming multichannel world of retailing.
3. Pursuing disciplined international
growth
Last year, I described our international
markets in three cohorts:
• South Korea, Malaysia and Thailand –
markets with significant future potential
• Ireland, Czech Republic, Hungary,
Poland and Slovakia – markets where
we are focused on holding our position
and improving returns
• China, India and Turkey – markets where
we know we must refocus on a more
profitable approach to growth
Through our international businesses we
have the opportunity to create value for
customers and shareholders by leveraging
the know-how that we have gained from
nine decades of retailing in addition to using
our scale to better effect across the Group.
As well as doing even more to improve our
customer offer across all our markets, we’ve
taken action to ensure that this value is
realised across each of these three cohorts.
In line with our third strategic priority, we
have applied an even greater level of capital
discipline. While we continue to allocate
capital to markets where we see greatest
potential for growth, our investment is lower
than previous years and will fall even further
as part of our commitment that Group-wide
capital expenditure will be no more than
£2.5 billion for at least the next three
financial years. We are spending more on
our existing space due to our accelerated
refresh programme, we are maintaining
our level of spend on technology and we’re
spending significantly less on new space.
Taking our Asian businesses first, we have
a strong position in South Korea and it
remains a high-returning business for us,
but the sales trends have not been as we
would have wanted them to be in the last
two years. The regulatory restrictions on
store opening hours have continued to
impact our sales.
We have had a challenging year in
Thailand, reflecting the impact of the
recessionary conditions on consumers
and the political unrest. Thailand is one
of our largest international markets and
we have implemented a strong plan to
improve our offer. We have continued to
build a strong multichannel business,
growing our grocery home shopping
and convenience businesses to almost
1,400 convenience stores.
In Malaysia, our performance has been more
resilient. We opened two new stores during the
year and grew our grocery home shopping
business in its first year of operation.
In Europe, we faced weak momentum
running into the start of the year and the
challenges were common across our
markets with larger stores under-performing.
Addressing these challenges we have
tailored our plans in each market to provide
a more compelling fresh offer, focusing on
seasonal events and leveraging our sourcing
scale and supply chain capability. We have
also used our strengths in Clubcard and F&F
to drive further improvements in our offer for
customers. Turkey in particular has faced very
challenging economic and competitive
conditions and our focus is on finding a
profitable model for a country with excellent
long-term potential. We are in early stage
discussions with potential partners and,
should that not prove successful, we also
have a range of realistic alternative options.
An excellent example of our strategy in action
is our partnership with China Resources
Enterprise Ltd. Subject to the usual regulatory
approvals, it will give Tesco a 20% ownership
stake of the largest food retail business in
China. The joint venture, which will be
self-funding going forward, will secure
significant cost and operational synergies,
and will move us more quickly to profitability in
what is one of the world’s most exciting retail
markets alongside an expert local partner.
We have entered into an agreement with
Trent Limited, part of the Tata Group, to
form a 50:50 joint venture with Trent
Hypermarket Limited, developing our
presence in the Indian market.
We firmly believe that our partnerships in
both China and India will allow us to capitalise
on these enormously exciting markets in a
way which is disciplined in our use of capital
and focused on profitable growth.
“ Through our international
businesses we have the
opportunity to create
value for customers
and shareholders by
leveraging the know-how
that we have gained from
nine decades of retailing.”
06
Tesco PLC Annual Report and Financial Statements 2014
“ We firmly believe that
our partnerships in both
China and India will allow
us to capitalise on these
enormously exciting
markets in a way which
is disciplined in our use
of capital and focused
on profitable growth.”
For more information about our new key
performance indicators and how we are
measuring our progress, see pages 16 to 18.
Measuring our progress
The single most important theme running
through all the developments I have
discussed is that stores are no longer
necessarily the central point of our
relationship with customers. Consequently
we are re-orientating the indicators we
use to measure and judge our progress
to centre them firmly on the customer.
Our customers are at the centre of all our
strategic decisions. Quite simply, everything
we are doing is designed to retain our loyal
customers and attract more new ones who
shop across our channels and brands. That
is how companies build enduring like-for-like
sales. We are prioritising five key performance
indicators which will help us measure and
communicate our progress against our
strategy. These measures place customers,
and how they want to shop today right at
the heart of everything we do. Focusing on
driving customer loyalty and improving sales
will lead to sustainable profits, returns and
growth over the medium term.
You can read more about our new key
performance indicators and how we are
measuring performance of the business
on pages 16 to 18.
Tesco Bank
Our vision is to be the bank for Tesco
customers and to offer simple, transparent
and convenient products which reward our
customers’ loyalty and strengthen their bond
with our business.
throughout the business. One of the biggest
changes we have made over the last year
is in the scale of our engagement. We are
joining the global conversation around each
of the issues and are working hard to move
to a more open, transparent conversation,
sharing details of our activities, progress and
challenges through our different channels.
We want to make significant, lasting
changes, not launch short-term superficial
initiatives, and that’s why the focus of this
year has been gathering the best possible
insights to set long-term direction.
This insight-to-action approach holds the
key to our success for the future. It’s the
theme of this year’s Tesco and Society
report, which is published alongside this
report. I’m confident that if we continue
down this path over the coming years,
we can use our scale for good across society
and make what matters better, together.
Management
I would like to thank Laurie McIlwee for his
contribution as CFO over the last five years,
in particular to the progress we have made
on our strategic priorities in the last three
years, and before that his very good work
on UK distribution. I wish him all the best
for the future.
Our Executive Committee has grown stronger
this year, welcoming Steve Rigby and David
Hobbs, and I am confident that we have the
right team to deliver our strategy.
This year we have seen good growth in
our core banking products with customer
accounts for credit cards, loans, mortgages
and savings up 14%. In its first full year of
trading, our mortgage product has made
good progress with balances reaching
£0.7 billion. We remain on track to launch
current accounts in the first half of 2014/15.
Conclusion
While we do face short-term challenges,
I am excited about the future. We see many
more opportunities for the medium term
and beyond. As customers’ expectations of
retailers evolve and we move into the new
era of retail, we believe we are uniquely
placed to lead.
Using our scale for good
Last year we embraced a new Value for the
business, recognising that when you are
a large company, there is a particular
responsibility to be aware of how your actions
affect others. This Value is: we use our scale for
good. It is based on the recognition that if we
harness the breadth of our skills and scale and
work together with our partners in the supply
chain, we can make a major contribution to
some of the biggest challenges facing the
communities in which we operate, across the
world. As part of this, we chose to take a lead
in addressing three challenges which are
particularly relevant to us as a large global
retailer and are important to our colleagues
and customers: reducing food waste globally,
improving health and providing opportunities
for millions of young people.
Tesco has always innovated for its
customers. We have the building blocks
which will be essential for us to lead in the
future: an industry-leading online offer,
unrivalled customer insight through
Clubcard, a first-class portfolio of stores,
and an outstanding team of over 500,000
colleagues around the world who are
working harder every day to deliver for our
customers. In a rapidly changing market,
retaining flexibility is essential and we are
confident that we have a business plan
which is right for today’s market, and that
we are making the strategic decisions to
deliver leadership in tomorrow’s market.
We have started the journey of tackling these
issues and we are embedding this new Value
Philip Clarke
Chief Executive
Tesco PLC Annual Report and Financial Statements 2014
07
Other informationGovernanceFinancial statementsStrategic report
Market overview
As customers increasingly choose to shop across different store formats and
online, they are looking to retailers to provide a truly seamless, multichannel
offer. These changes to customer behaviour and shopping habits come in the
context of continuing economic pressure on household budgets and competitive
environments in all 12 of our markets.
Macro trends
The economic environment has continued to be challenging in all of our
markets. Although there are signs of improvement beginning to appear,
we don’t yet see consumers spending more.
In the UK, we use our unique insight from dunnhumby to track
how British consumers feel about the economy in general, as well
as their own individual situations. Our latest quarterly Consumer
Today report shows that although some consumers are starting
to feel more upbeat about an improving economy, they are yet to
feel the benefit in their own pockets. That is why we remain very
focused on helping customers to manage their budgets by offering
them great value for money across their shop.
In Central Europe, after a prolonged period of economic pressure,
employment levels and consumer confidence are rising, albeit
from historically low levels, and real incomes are starting to benefit
from lower inflation. Nonetheless, household expenditure is yet to
improve significantly.
Although some economies in Asia are rapidly expanding,
Thailand fell into recession during the year and consumers
struggled with higher levels of debt. Thai consumer confidence
was further affected by the escalation of political unrest in the
second half of the year. In South Korea consumer confidence has
been on a marked upward trend through the year but household
debt has reached record highs. Consumer confidence in Malaysia
has fallen due to concerns over inflation, low wage growth and a
proposed sales tax.
comprise one or two people – a trend also seen in Thailand,
in part due to rapid urbanisation. This changing household
composition is one factor leading to an increasing preference
for convenience shopping.
We believe that in the longer term rising populations, rapid
urbanisation and a growing demand for agricultural products
present a risk to global food security and highlight the
importance of building sustainable supply chains.*
*
More information about our work to increase the sustainability of our
supply chain is available in the Tesco and Society Report.
UK consumers: how do you expect the financial position of your
household to change over the next few months? Will it...
Get better
Get worse
%
50
40
30
20
10
Populations are ageing and household sizes are declining across our
markets. In Asia for example, 50% of South Korean households
Jan
‘09
Jan
‘10
Jan
‘11
Jan
‘12
Jan
‘13
Jan
‘14
Source: ‘The Consumer Today’, dunnhumby, February 2014
Consumer trends
More frequent shopping
The rise of technology
Proportion of UK customers shopping three
or more times a week for food and groceries
29% in 2009
49% in 2013
43%
£
of UK customers use a mobile phone
to compare prices or look up customer
reviews while in store
Technology is changing the way we consume.
The role that it plays in customers’ lives has
changed from being a practical tool to becoming a
much more fundamental and essential part of life.
Technology is changing the way we consume.
The role that it plays in customers’ lives has
changed as it becomes a fundamental,
essential part of everyday life – a way to
stay connected, to manage banking and
bills, a part of education and often essential
for work. While the pace of adoption of
online shopping, particularly for groceries,
across our markets is unclear, the transition
is certainly well underway. It is not just
transactional – consumers are increasingly
using the internet to research purchases.
In the UK, for example, over half of purchases
are influenced by digital channels, 63% of
shoppers use their smartphone in store and
43% of customers use a mobile phone to
compare prices or look up customer reviews
while shopping in store. The influence of
the internet is rising across all our markets;
two thirds of Malaysians have access to the
internet, for example, while almost half of
Czechs own a smartphone.
08
Tesco PLC Annual Report and Financial Statements 2014
Multichannel
Multichannel cuts across the digital
and the physical. It is transactional and
non-transactional. It is not just about
selling products but also about the way
we interact with and engage customers.
Being truly multichannel is not just about
having a website – it is about putting the
customer at the heart of our business and
giving them one seamless, joined-up
relationship, be that through media,
social media or even a customer service
desk in store.
Customers value retailers who get it right
Average annual spend with Tesco
In-store only
In-store + online grocery
2.04x
2.98x
In-store + online grocery +
general merchandise online
In-store
Online grocery
General
merchandise online
With this rise of technology and digital
capabilities, consumers are changing the
way they shop. Customers want to be able
to shop however, whenever and wherever
they want. They want to shop across store
formats, on smartphones and on tablets.
They are no longer choosing just a simple
trip to a store, but are making much more
dynamic and complex journeys to purchase.
They are bouncing between channels,
placing an order online and picking it up in
store, for example. They are combining fewer
big shopping trips with more frequent,
top-up shops at convenience stores. As their
behaviour is changing their expectations
of retailers are changing too and they are
looking to retailers to provide a truly
multichannel offer – one that joins up
all the different channels to give them a
seamless experience.
Value continues to be a priority for consumers
across our markets and they are changing the
way they shop in order to find the best value
for money. They are on the look-out for the
best prices, promotions and deals. The sharp
rises in fuel prices across the world coupled
with pressure on disposable income has
amplified a shift to smaller, more frequent,
convenience shopping missions. In the UK,
the proportion of customers shopping three
or more times a week for food and groceries is
up from 29% in 2009 to 49% in 2013.
Health and wellbeing is also a growing trend.
Over half of the UK population worry about
their health and food is at the centre. Quality
fresh food and provenance are priorities for
customers across our regions. In Europe and
the UK, interest in and awareness of
provenance have intensified since the meat
contamination issues last year. In Asia
wet-markets continue to be a popular choice
for fresh meat, fish and poultry.
Industry trends
In the UK, food retail sales growth
has remained subdued over the last
year, reflecting the challenging
economic environment and continuing
pressure on consumers.
Net new space
UK largest four grocery retailers
‘000 sq ft
38%
less new space
than in 2009
6,000
5,000
4,000
3,000
2,000
1,000
0
2009
Source: IGD Datacentre
2010
2011
2012
2013
In the UK, food retail sales growth has remained subdued over the
last year, reflecting the challenging economic environment and
continuing pressure on consumers. Although new space has been
a key driver of top-line growth for many in the industry, we have
seen a reduction in large store openings. In the UK net new space
among the largest four grocery retailers in 2013 was 38% lower
than in 2009. In many of our markets performance of larger stores
has been more challenged.
In response to a consumer desire to shop more frequently and closer
to home, many retailers are focusing their opening programmes on
the convenience market and smaller format stores. An acceleration
in openings of small format stores is something we have also
observed in our European and Asian markets.
In the UK the online grocery market has continued to grow strongly,
with all the major UK food retailers now operating a grocery home
shopping service. We have also seen a rapid growth in Click & Collect
over the last year, including trials of non-store collection locations.
While online grocery is still in its infancy in Central Europe and Asia
we expect it to continue to grow. In Poland, for example, the value
of the online food market doubled in size from 2008 to 2011,
and is expected to have more than doubled again by 2014.
Across our markets the industry remains highly competitive. In the
UK and Europe the discounters continue to grow market share and
open new stores. Promotional intensity has remained elevated in
the UK and couponing has been a feature in many of our markets.
We have seen continued development of own-brand products by
retailers across the globe as they seek to appeal to broader groups
of consumers and respond to demand for better value.
Tesco PLC Annual Report and Financial Statements 2014
09
Other informationGovernanceFinancial statementsStrategic report
Business model
Our business model explains what we do and how we deliver our core purpose for
customers. It is built up around four core retail activities, insight, buy, move and sell.
Our key enablers make us unique and help us to continually do these things better.
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Visit www.tescoplc.com/businessmodel
to watch a short animation explaining
how our business model works
10
Tesco PLC Annual Report and Financial Statements 2014
Our core activities
38 million
Clubcard customers shopping in our 7,300 stores across
the Group give us unrivalled insight into consumer habits,
trends and preferences.
The key enablers
59.7%
of our UK customers shop across two or more channels,
including stores and online.
T
The virtuous circle
12 markets
with retail operations delivering 85 million customer
shopping trips each week.
As a retailer, our business model is based on four core
activities. Using our unrivalled insight to understand what
customers want, we buy products and services from suppliers,
move them through our distribution network and sell them
to customers. Most importantly, our core purpose is at the
heart of these activities. It is by improving these activities
for customers each time they shop with us that we make
what matters better, together.
Across the Group, our customers visit us in store, online, or through a
combination of different formats and channels. They come to buy their
groceries, clothing, general merchandise and services such as telecoms,
digital entertainment and banking. We are focused on providing customers
with the most compelling offer and the best shopping trip. We work with our
suppliers to offer an excellent range of products and services. We move the
products through our modern and efficient supply chain into our well-located,
multi-format store network, ready for customers to shop with us 24 hours a day.
The core activities form a cycle. To keep customers coming back, we are
constantly strengthening our operation. This starts with insight. We listen
to customers in a number of ways, including through our monthly Customer
Viewpoint surveys in UK stores, in-depth focus groups with our Tesco Families
and dedicated Customer Question Time sessions. Combining this feedback
with our data, including the unique insight we gain from Clubcard, and acting
on it is crucial to our success.
Our seven key enablers are our business strengths. They help
us to sustain and improve our core activities. These elements
are what make us different and it’s because of these that we
are uniquely placed to win.
For example, establishing multichannel leadership and building a seamless
offer will enable customers to shop however, whenever and wherever they
want, which will mean that we stand out for customers.
Another example is leveraging our Group skill and scale, which is all about
sharing our experiences across our operations. We trial in one area of the
business and transfer the learnings to another, whether it’s sharing the
loyalty scheme blueprint internationally or building capital-efficient grocery
home shopping businesses in new markets. Being able to leverage our
Group skill and scale makes us unique and helps us to perform the core
activities even better.
The momentum of our business model comes from the virtuous
circle. By developing economies of scale and investing in an
ever-improving customer offer, we drive loyalty and grow sales.
Developing and using economies of scale across our business all over the
world, enables us to improve the customer offer by investing in areas such
as price, range, quality and service. This year, for example, we completed the
roll-out of grocery home shopping to all of our markets (except India). It is a
service we developed in the UK and have rolled out in a capital-efficient way
to our international businesses, with a great customer response.
Doing the right thing for customers is central to the business model. It’s why
one of our Values is ‘no-one tries harder for customers’; we know that if we do
the right thing for customers, they will reward us with their loyalty. The more
pleased customers are with the shopping trip, the more loyal they will be and
the more we will grow our sales. This combination of scale and growth is the
driving force of the business model.
Tesco PLC Annual Report and Financial Statements 2014
11
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Financial review
Laurie Mcllwee
Chief Financial Officer†
Group sales
Group trading profit
£70.9bn
£3,315m
Underlying diluted earnings
per share
Full-year dividend per share
maintained
32.05p
14.76p
† After 14 years’ service at Tesco, Laurie resigned as Chief Financial Officer
on 4 April 2014. He will continue to work with us until October 2014 while
a successor is appointed.
1 See Note 1 on page 79 in the Annual Report and Financial Statements 2014
for the definition of underlying profit before tax.
2 See Note 2 on page 81 in the Annual Report and Financial Statements 2014
for the analysis of restructuring and other one-off items.
12
Tesco PLC Annual Report and Financial Statements 2014
Group results 2013/14 (on a continuing operations basis)
52 weeks ended 22
February 2014
2013/14
Growth (actual
exchange rates)
Growth (constant
exchange rates)
Group sales (inc. VAT)*
£70,894m
0.3%
(0.2)%
Sales growth excluding
petrol
Group trading profit
– UK
– Asia
– Europe
– Tesco Bank
Underlying profit
before tax
Underlying diluted
earnings per share
ROCE
(pro-forma inc. China)***
Capex
£3,315m
£2,191m
£692m
£238m
£194m
0.9%
(6.0)%
(3.6)%
(5.6)%
(27.7)%
1.6%
0.4%
(6.7)%
(3.6)%
(6.8)%
(32.8)%
1.6%
£3,054m
(6.9)%
(7.7)%
32.05p
(7.3)%**
12.1%
£2.7bn
(64)bp
0.9%
n/a
n/a
0.6%
Statutory profit before tax includes:
– One-off items
(inc. Europe asset
impairment of £(734)m)
Statutory profit
before tax
£(801)m
£2,259m
9.8%
n/a
China treated as discontinued, including a charge of £(540)m relating to the
write-down of goodwill
* Group sales (inc. VAT) exclude the accounting impact of IFRIC 13.
** Underlying diluted EPS growth calculated on a constant tax rate basis;
(5.0)% at actual tax rates.
*** From an accounting point of view, our existing business in China has to be treated
as a discontinued operation, prior to the planned completion of our partnership
with CRE. The pro-forma Group ROCE of 12.1% includes our Chinese business
to provide a comparable figure to the previously disclosed 2012/13 figure.
It is otherwise calculated on a continuing operations basis, excluding one-off
charges. Excluding our Chinese business, Group ROCE for 2013/14 was 13.6%.
Group results and strategic update
Group sales for the year were £70.9 billion, an increase of 0.3%
at actual exchange rates. Full-year trading profit for our continuing
operations declined (6.0)% to £3.3 billion. This was driven
by a decline in UK profits and challenges overseas; specifically,
the regulatory impact in South Korea, political disruption in
Thailand and continuing challenging conditions in Central Europe.
Underlying profit before tax1, which excludes the contribution
from property-related items, declined (6.9)% to £3.1 billion.
Underlying diluted earnings per share was 32.05 pence.
During the year, we concluded our strategic review in the United
States with the sale of the substantive part of Fresh & Easy’s operating
business to Yucaipa. We also announced our partnership with China
Resources Enterprise Ltd. (CRE), which when completed will give
Tesco a 20% ownership stake in the largest food retail business in
China. Both of those operations are therefore shown as discontinued.
Reflecting the challenging trading conditions and rapidly changing
environments, we have also announced a number of one-off
charges. £(801) million2 of these are in continuing operations.
These include:
• A non-cash impairment of £(734) million to the carrying values
of some stores in the Europe segment.
• An additional £(63) million provision for payment protection
insurance and other customer redress at the Bank.
Our statutory profit before tax for the year was £2.3 billion. Despite
these charges and a lower contribution from profits and losses on
property-related items, Group profit before tax increased by 9.8%,
primarily reflecting higher one-off charges last year.
There is a £(540) million write-down of goodwill in our Chinese
business included in discontinued operations. This prudently
reflects the lower end of a range of independent valuations of
the proposed combination carried out in the second half of the
year for accounting purposes. These valuations were, as required
by the relevant accounting standards, produced on a standalone
existing basis for each business. As such, they do not take account
of the strategic value and significant synergies available once the
businesses are merged.
Segmental results
UK
Full-year sales in the UK declined by (0.1)% and grew by 0.8%
excluding petrol. Like-for-like sales declined by (1.3)% including
VAT and excluding petrol. This reflects the weaker grocery market,
lower inflation across the industry, a continuing drag from our
large stores and the work to transform our general merchandise.
UK results
UK sales
UK revenue (exc. VAT, exc. impact of IFRIC 13)
UK trading profit
Trading margin (trading profit/revenue)
£m
% growth
£48,177m
£43,570m
£2,191m
5.03%
(0.1)%
0.0%
(3.6)%
(18)bp
Total sales for the year included a 2.1% contribution from new
space, lower than last year as we reduced our new store opening
programme. We expect it to be lower again next year.
Our full-year trading margin was 5.03%, a reduction of (18)
basis points. Trading margin in the first half increased by 2
basis points, but declined by (28) basis points in the second
half. This is reflective of our trading performance and our
determination to improve and strengthen the customer offer.
Asia
Although we have strong high-returning businesses in Asia
with leading market positions, their performance this year reflects
a number of challenges. Sales grew by 1.4% at constant rates,
including a 5.9% contribution from new stores as we continue
to invest in these growth markets. Like-for-like sales declined by
(4.5)% and our trading margin declined by almost 60 basis points
to 6.71%.
Asia results*
Actual rates
% growth
Constant rates
% growth
£m
Asia sales
£10,947m
Asia revenue (exc. VAT, exc. impact of IFRIC 13)
£10,309m
Asia trading profit
Trading margin (trading profit/revenue)
£692m
6.71%
2.7%
2.6%
(5.6)%
(59)bp
1.4%
1.4%
(6.8)%
(59)bp
* Exc. China, with our subsidiary there now treated as a discontinued operation
following our agreement to partner with CRE.
Although we have annualised the introduction of the DIDA opening
hours regulations in South Korea, year-on-year changes in the days
and hours of the closures have continued to impact sales. We have
worked hard to mitigate the residual effects of the regulation by fully
aligning our operations to the current pattern of trading.
In Thailand, our performance has been held back by our own
execution as well as external pressures. We implemented a strong
plan, including steps to address some parts of our offer which
underperformed in the first half. This included the remerchandising
and remarketing of our ‘Clubpack’ range of bulk buy products,
a particularly important category for small traders who shop with us.
The Thai economy also fell into recession during the year and this
has since been compounded by the recent political unrest.
The full-year numbers for Asia benefited from currency, but in the
fourth quarter we saw a negative impact, driven by the Thai Baht.
Whilst it is difficult to predict currency movements going forward,
this impact has continued into the new financial year.
South Korea, Malaysia and Thailand remain markets in which
we see significant future potential and opportunities to invest in
high-returning stores. We have opened 2.1 million square feet of
new space in these markets this year, a reduction compared to the
2.3 million we opened last year. In the coming year we intend to
be even more focused with plans to open 1.2 million square feet,
with much of it in convenience.
Europe
Conditions in Europe have remained challenging this year, particularly
for our large stores. Sales declined (2.0)% at constant rates. Like-for-
like sales declined by (3.5)% excluding petrol. Our trading profit for the
region declined by (27.7)% at actual exchange rates to £238 million,
resulting in a 2.57% trading margin. Our decision to invest in the
shopping trip through price, quality, range and service resulted in a
stronger second half performance. The region’s like-for-like sales have
improved through the year, from (5.5)% in the first quarter to (0.6)%
in the fourth quarter.
Reflecting the year-on-year decline in the profits of our European
businesses, we revised our long-term budgets. These revisions
have resulted in the asset impairment of £(734) million to the
carrying value of these businesses.
Europe results
Actual rates
% growth
Constant rates
% growth
£m
Europe sales
£10,767m
Europe revenue (exc. VAT, exc. impact of IFRIC 13)
£9,267m
Europe trading profit
Trading margin (trading profit/revenue)
£238m
2.57%
(0.4)%
(0.6)%
(27.7)%
(96)bp
(2.0)%
(2.2)%
(32.8)%
(111)bp
Poland was a particular focus for us in the year and we are pleased
with the customer response to our plans, with an improved
like-for-like sales trend through the year.
Ireland has continued to be a difficult market this year with severe
pressure on consumer spending, strong competition from the
discounters and aggressive couponing activity. Although the launch
of Price Promise in the second half has helped improve customer
trust in our prices, and we have been working hard to show customers
the breadth and points of difference in our offer, our weaker trading
performance in this market has impacted on the profitability of our
European segment.
We have continued to focus on the heartland of our business in Turkey
and the stores there have contributed to a gradual improvement in
like-for-like sales over the year. Nevertheless, addressing our position
in Turkey is very much a priority.
We continue to be very disciplined in our allocation of capital to
Europe. We have reduced capital expenditure in the region by
nearly 40% this year, and expect to maintain a similar or lower
level of spend in 2014/15. Going forward, new investment will be
scarce and focused only on targeted opportunities, primarily in
convenience and online.
Tesco PLC Annual Report and Financial Statements 2014
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We are spending significantly less on new space. In the UK we have
already reduced our investment from 2.5 million square feet at
peak. In the coming year, we will open just 0.9 million square feet
of net new space. This includes almost 200,000 square feet of
franchise space in One Stop. In Europe, we will open just 275,000
square feet of net new space and focus more of our investment
on high-returning opportunities in Asia.
Property
The market value of our property across the Group currently exceeds
£34 billion, with the most significant driver of the reduction since last
year being the impact of foreign exchange rates.
Historically, by acquiring and developing high-quality stores we
grew the value of our property significantly and unrealised property
profits built up. We have had an active programme of releasing
value from our property portfolio over many years. We continue
to look at our property portfolio in order to maximise value in
the most appropriate way for the business as a whole. Excluding
one-off items, profits arising from property-related items declined
to £180 million this year, in line with the reduction of our sale and
leaseback programme outlined last year. This year we have focused
on South Korea and we completed a sale-and-leaseback in January
comprising four Homeplus stores and accompanying mall space.
Pension
Our pension is an extremely valuable benefit for colleagues and
one we are proud to offer. IFRS accounting gives a marked-to-
market measure of our pension liabilities, based on market
conditions which of course can be volatile in the short term,
whereas the liabilities are clearly long-term in nature.
Our after-tax IAS 19 pension deficit this year has risen to
£2.6 billion, mainly due to a reduction in real corporate bond
yields with a subsequent fall in the discount rate used to measure
our liabilities. A triennial actuarial valuation will be carried out to
measure our liabilities as at 31 March 2014 and this will be
completed in 2015.
Return on capital employed
When we complete our partnership with CRE, our Group return
on capital employed will reflect our share of the partnership’s
assets and profits or losses. Given that we expect to complete
the partnership in the first half of 2014/15 we have given a
pro-forma Group ROCE including our Chinese business. On this
basis, our Group ROCE was 12.1%, which is a comparable figure
to the 12.7% we reported last year. Excluding our Chinese
business based on its current accounting treatment as a
discontinued operation, our Group ROCE would be 13.6%.
The UK continues to earn the highest returns in the Group and
our businesses in Asia are high-returning. Europe’s returns remain
below cost of capital. We will continue to limit capital expenditure
in this region and focus our efforts on improving our offer for
customers in existing stores.
Financial review continued
Tesco Bank
Tesco Bank generated £194 million trading profit this year.
Excluding income from the legacy insurance distribution
agreement which terminated in 2012/13 and fair value releases
resulting from the unwind of an acquisition accounting
adjustment, it grew by 19%.
We have seen good growth in our core banking products with
customer accounts for credit cards, loans, mortgages and savings
up 14%. After the first full year of trading, mortgage balances have
grown to £0.7 billion and we have helped over 4,000 customers to
own their homes. Those customers have borrowed an average of
just under £170,000 with a loan-to-value ratio of just over 50%.
Reflecting the challenging market conditions, with increased
competition driving a marked reduction in premiums across the
industry, the profit contribution of our Insurance business was
down (17)% this year (excluding legacy income).
Tesco Bank results
Tesco Bank revenue (exc. VAT, exc. impact of IFRIC 13)
Tesco Bank trading profit
Tesco Bank trading margin (trading profit/revenue)
£m
% growth
£1,003m
£194m
19.34%
(1.8)%
1.6%
63bp
The Bank will soon complete its suite of products with a current
account launching in the first half. We expect the growth in
underlying trading profit in 2014/15 to be broadly offset by
the investment in current accounts.
Within one-off items, the Bank has made a further increase to
the provision for payment protection insurance of £(20) million
and a provision of £(43) million for other customer redress.
The Bank’s balance sheet remains strong with good levels of
liquidity. Although customer deposits remain the primary source
of funding, the funding base was diversified during the year with
a credit card securitisation and participation in the Funding for
Lending scheme.
Group balance sheet and cash flow
Net debt has remained stable year-on-year at £6.6 billion.
In the context of declining underlying profit, lower property
proceeds and a maintained dividend, this demonstrates our
discipline and focus on cash.
Two metrics that we use to guide our internal decisions and which
support our discipline to maintain a strong investment grade credit
rating are net indebtedness and fixed charge cover. This year net
indebtedness rose slightly to 3.16 times and fixed charge cover
remained stable at 3.4 times.
This year we spent £2.7 billion of capex, or £3.0 billion including
China. We are reducing our capital expenditure to no more than
£2.5 billion for at least the next three years. A greater proportion
of this reduced overall spend is devoted to our existing stores.
We are accelerating our refresh programme in the UK and we are
also maintaining our level of spend on technology to ensure that
we have the necessary capabilities for a truly multichannel offer.
14
Tesco PLC Annual Report and Financial Statements 2014
Our approach to growth and returns
We laid out this financial framework in April 2013 and it continues
to inform our decisions. The framework helps ensure an appropriate
balance of growth, returns and cash generation, and outlines what
shareholders can expect from Tesco from a financial perspective in
the medium term.
Our approach to growth and returns
Financial disciplines
Guiderails
Generate positive
free cash flow
Allocate capital within range
of 4% down to 3.5% of sales
Maintain a strong investment
grade credit rating
Trading profit growth
• Mid-single digit
Sustainable ROCE
• 12% to 15% range
Dividend growth
• In line with underlying EPS
• Target cover of more than 2 times
The changes we have announced to capital expenditure underpin
our commitment to this framework. This moves capital expenditure
to the bottom of our 4% down to 3.5% of sales guiderail.
This even greater focus on capital discipline will help maintain
the commitment to generate positive free cash flow, maintain a
strong balance sheet, and continue to maintain a strong dividend.
I wish Philip and the team well and am absolutely confident that
Tesco will emerge from this period of unprecedented change in
the industry stronger than ever.
Laurie Mcllwee
Chief Financial Officer*
* After 14 years’ service at Tesco, Laurie resigned as Chief Financial Officer
on 4 April 2014. He will continue to work with us until October 2014 while
a successor is appointed.
Tesco PLC Annual Report and Financial Statements 2014
15
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Key performance indicators
With our strategy now focused on delivering even greater loyalty from our customers,
we place even greater emphasis across the business on improving five customer-focused key
performance indicators. Whilst we continue to track a range of financial and non-financial
measures, it is these five which each of our businesses now uses to gauge progress.
Key performance indicators of our strategic performance
We have entered the new, multichannel world of retail and customers’ expectations
have changed. Customers have increased access to more and more retailers simply at
their search bar on their smartphone and our success will be a result of more customers
choosing Tesco in preference to others.
As a result of this fundamental change, we have prioritised our customer-focused
measures to track and communicate our progress against the strategy. We believe
these five KPIs are more relevant today, during this time of transition and
transformation, than some of our historical and short-term measures.
Everything we are doing to create the most compelling offer is designed to retain our most
loyal customers, attract new ones and allow them to shop however, whenever and wherever
they want to. These measures both allow us to monitor our progress and to create value
because they are entirely focused on customers and how they choose to shop. Greater loyalty
delivers greater lifetime value so we are tracking the behaviours of our loyal Clubcard
customers – those who are most engaged and typically spend more with us. Focusing on
our loyal customers is how we are driving the transformation we are going through and is
how we will build enduring like-for-like sales.
The measures contained in this section are for our core UK business where they are particularly
relevant. They do however apply to every part of our business – whether it’s a store, a category,
a country or a department – and we are using them across the Group to drive the behaviours
that we believe will lead to long-term success.
1. Our customers come back time and again
2. New customers choose us
70.0%
retained loyal customers
Definition: Percentage of last year’s loyal
customers* who are still loyal to Tesco
Commentary: Doing the right thing for
our loyal customers and retaining their
loyalty is our first priority. The more we get
it right for them, the more all customers
will benefit.
29.1%
of new loyal customers
Definition: New loyal customers* as a
percentage of last year’s loyal customer base
Commentary: We want to build our loyal
customer base so in addition to retaining
our existing loyal customers, we want to
attract new ones. Our investments in the
customer offer are designed to create
long-term value for new customers too.
3. Our customers can shop how they want
4. Our customers use us for more
59.7%
customers shopping
across channels
Definition: Percentage of loyal
customers* who in the last 13 weeks
have shopped two or more channels**
Commentary: This measure helps us to
monitor whether we are providing the truly
multichannel offer that customers want in
the new era of retailing. We know that
customers who shop across channels spend
more with us and this measure tracks
whether they are shopping between different
sized stores, grocery online and services.
64.3%
shop the family brands
Definition: Percentage of loyal
customers* who in the last 13 weeks
have bought / held products from Bank,
Telecoms, Clothing***
Commentary: Our multichannel,
multibrand strategy is founded in the
belief that the whole is more than the
sum of the parts. This measure tracks
whether we are building loyalty and
value across our brands and channels.
5. Loved by customers
Our final measure is one of customer advocacy. Whilst the first
four are functional measures, we know that for our brand to be
loved, liked or actively chosen, our emotional connection with
our customers must get stronger. Emotionally loyal customers,
advocates and fans become brilliant ambassadors and drive
word of mouth, as well as engaging more broadly and deeply
with the business. There are many different ways of measuring
advocacy, not least using a net promoter score, but they all
add up to something similar – do customers like you enough
to recommend you to others?
* Loyal customers are defined based on their frequency of spend and average weekly spend.
** Channels include: large stores, convenience stores, grocery home shopping, Tesco Direct and Wine by the case.
*** Current results do not include Blinkbox, Clothing online, Nutricentre, Dobbies and our new coffee shops and restaurants. These will be tracked going forward.
16
Tesco PLC Annual Report and Financial Statements 2014
Measures of current financial performance
Group performance
Growth in underlying profit before tax
Return on capital employed (‘ROCE’)
(6.9)%
10/11
11/12
12.3% 2.1%
12/13
(14.9)%*
13/14
(6.9)%
Performance
Our underlying profit performance this year reflects
weaker market conditions in the UK, difficult trading
conditions in Europe, the impact of opening hours
regulations in South Korea and a weak economy
in Thailand.
* The 2012/13 figure including China was (14.5)%.
Group financial ratios
12.1%
12.7%
12.1%
12/13
13/14
Performance
Group ROCE was 12.1% as a result of our profit
performance. Given that we expect to complete
the partnership with CRE this year, we have given
a pro-forma ROCE including our Chinese business.
This is directly comparable to last year’s published
figure. Excluding China based on its current accounting
treatment as a discontinued operation, our ROCE would
be 13.6%.
Growth in underlying diluted earnings
per share (at a constant tax rate)
(7.3)%
10/11
11/12
10.8% 2.6%
12/13
(14.4)%*
13/14
(7.3)%
Performance
The decline in our underlying diluted earnings per
share, which is adjusted for the number of shares in
issue, is in line with our underlying profit performance.
* The 2012/13 figure including China was (14.0)%.
Total shareholder return (‘TSR’)
Net indebtedness
Gearing
(6.3)% 1 year
3.7% 5 year
10/11
11/12
12/13
13/14
1 year (0.2)% (18.7)% 22.5% (6.3)%
5 year 6.7% (3.0)% 2.1% 3.7%
Performance
TSR improved on an annualised, five-year basis,
reflecting the impact of the economic crisis in
2008/09 and our efforts to strengthen the business
since. On a one-year basis the total shareholder return
was (6.3)% which reflects a declining share price.
Capital expenditure (‘capex’) as % of sales
3.9%
Performance
Capex was £2.7 billion, a similar level to 2012/13
on a continuing operations basis*. It fell significantly
in Europe and the UK and increased in Asia, in line
with our priority for disciplined international growth.
%
8
6
4
2
Times
4
3
2
1
08/09
09/10
10/11
11/12
12/13
13/14
44.8%
10/11
40.8% 38.4% 39.6% 44.8%
13/14
11/12
12/13
Performance
Despite flat net debt year-on-year, the increase in
our gearing ratio is due to lower net assets. This is
largely as a result of our actions to impair asset
values in Europe and goodwill in China.
Performance
Our net indebtedness has remained broadly stable
at 3.16 times, reflecting our focus on cash and
capital discipline.
Fixed charge cover
Times
6
4
2
08/09
09/10
10/11
11/12
12/13
13/14
Performance
Our stable fixed charge cover ratio reflects the
strength of the Group’s underlying cash profits
and our focus on managing both our debt profile
and fixed charges.
* The 2012/13 figure including China was 4.1%.
03/04
05/06
07/08
09/10
11/12
13/14
Definitions for the KPIs on pages 17 and 18 can be found in the glossary on page 143.
All KPIs on pages 17 and 18 (apart from return on capital employed, gearing, TSR, net indebtedness and fixed charge cover) exclude the results from our operations in the United
States and China for 2012/13 and 2013/14, with the exception of reduction in CO2e emissions which includes China.
Tesco PLC Annual Report and Financial Statements 2014
17
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Key performance indicators continued
We have previously reported a number of other performance indicators and on this page we
continue to report against those measures under our strategic priorities and scale for good.
Our strategic priorities
UK like-for-like (inc. VAT, exc. petrol)
10/11
1.0%
11/12
0.0%
12/13
(0.3)% (1.3)%
13/14
UK trading profit
£2,504m £2,478m
14.7%†
12.7%
£2,272m £2,191m
Performance
UK like-for-like (the growth in sales from stores that have been open for
at least a year) was (0.5)% for the first half and (2.2)% in the second half.
Further weakness in the grocery market, exacerbated by a lower level of
inflation, impacted our sales performance towards the end of the year
and this contributed to the overall sales performance for the year.
10/11
11/12
12/13
13/14
Performance
UK trading profit declined by (3.6)% with a lower trading margin of 5.0%,
reflecting our continued determination to invest in our customer offer
despite the weakening UK grocery market.
Bank profit
£225m
14.7%†
£191m
£194m
International trading profit
£189m
£946m
£1,266m
12.7%
£1,062m
£930m
£140m
£158m
11/12
Trading profit
12/13
13/14
12/13
11/12
Profit excluding legacy income
and fair value releases
13/14
10/11
11/12
12/13*
13/14
Performance
Excluding income from the legacy insurance distribution agreement which
terminated in 2012/13 and fair value releases resulting from the unwind of
an acquisition accounting adjustment, profit grew by 19%.
Performance
International trading profit fell reflecting the difficult trading conditions in
Europe, the impact of opening hours regulations in South Korea and political
unrest in Thailand, in addition to its weak economy.
* The 2012/13 figure including China was £990m.
Using our scale for good
Reduction in CO2e emissions from
existing stores and distribution centres
Partner viewpoint – percentage of positive
responses to the question ‘I am treated with respect’
Donation of pre-tax profits to charities
and good causes
10/11
n/a
11/12
n/a
12/13
32.5% 34.7%
13/14
67%
down 4% from 2013
£53m
down £13m* from 2013
Performance
As indicated in the 2012/13 Annual Report, we are
now measuring the cumulative reduction in CO2e
across our property against a 2006/7 baseline,
consistent with our 2020 target to halve the emissions
per square foot of our stores and DCs. The reduction
continues to be driven by our strong focus on reducing
refrigerant gas leakage and using less harmful
alternatives, including natural refrigerants.
Performance
This year we fulfilled our commitment to improve our
anonymous partner viewpoint survey by making it more
comprehensive and ensuring it reaches more suppliers.
The survey is helping us to understand more about how
our supplier partners are feeling, and allows us to focus
on the categories and countries where we need to work
harder to ensure we always treat our partners with
respect. We are committed to building longer-term
strong strategic relationships, and our teams are very
focused on improving this score.
Performance
We have donated almost £53 million to charities
and good causes this year through direct donations,
cause-related marketing, gifts in kind, colleague time
and management costs. This represents 2.3% of our
statutory profit before tax. The total that we have donated
is lower this year, largely due to the transition from Tesco
for Schools and Clubs to our Eat Happy initiative.
*
The 2012/13 figure excluding the contribution from
Fresh & Easy in the US was £66m.
Colleague retention
90%
in the UK
down 1% from 2013
Colleagues being trained for their next role
Performance
Colleague retention in the UK
continues to be very strong. This
reflects our determination to make
Tesco a great place to work, with
excellent benefits and career
development opportunities.
6.2%
across the Group
+0.7% from 2013
Performance
Training and development is really important to us.
This measure is the percentage of colleagues participating
in our development programmes. As our learning and
development programmes have matured we now include
a broad portfolio in our measure: ‘Options’, Advanced
Leadership and Group Leadership Programmes as well as
our Apprenticeship, Graduate, Operations and Commercial
Programmes. In 2012/13 this figure excluding China was 5.5%.
In addition to the discussion around employee, environmental, community and social issues embedded in this Strategic Report, you can find a great deal more information in our
Tesco and Society Report (www.tescoplc.com/society) about how we are starting to tackle three urgent issues facing society – food waste, improving health and youth unemployment.
It also shows how we are strengthening our work in the four essential areas – trading responsibly, reducing our impact on the environment, being a great employer and supporting
local communities – which are fundamental to the way we do business.
18
Tesco PLC Annual Report and Financial Statements 2014
Other statutory disclosures
Respecting human rights
As a global multichannel retailer we buy, move and sell products
through our stores and online and our business interacts with
millions of people every day. We have a responsibility to respect the
human rights of our colleagues, our customers, the communities we
operate in and the people who work throughout our supply chain.
Our approach
We are committed to upholding basic human rights and support
in full the UN Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the
International Labour Organization Core Conventions. We were a
founding member of the Ethical Trading Initiative and expect all
our suppliers to work towards fully implementing the base code.
We investigate allegations of human rights infringements and
take appropriate action where necessary. To review our policy visit
www.tescoplc.com/society/resources.
In addressing human rights we consider our potential impacts
on the following groups as a priority:
• Our colleagues: Our people policies are designed to make
Tesco a great place to work where everyone is welcome
• Our supply chain: Building strong partnerships with trusted
suppliers will ensure that we deliver high-quality and safe
products that are responsibly produced
• Our customers and the communities in which we operate:
Our customers want to buy high-quality products that are
produced safely and responsibly. We want to be a good
neighbour wherever we operate.
Through our scale for good strategy we are addressing some of the
key challenges that societies are facing which are closely aligned to
specific human rights as defined by the UN. For example:
• Right to education – we are working to provide opportunities
for millions of young people
• Right to be free from hunger – we are building close
relationships with food banks and food surplus charities
who are helping to feed people in need
• Right to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standards
of physical and mental health – we are helping our colleagues
and customers to lead healthier lives.
and so are committed to working in partnership with relevant
stakeholders to make improvements.
Governance and monitoring
Our governance committees consider financial and non-financial
risks to our business and the Compliance and Social Responsibility
Committees in particular consider risks related to our Human Rights
Policy, which are maintained on our company risk register. Key elements
of our Human Rights Policy are incorporated into our Code of Business
Conduct which is reviewed by our senior managers once a year.
Our established ‘protector line’ is primarily used by colleagues and
contractors to report suspected breaches of our Code of Business
Conduct or internal company policies. Next year we are launching an
independent ‘protector line’ service for use by any of our suppliers. Their
employees will be able to raise confidentially concerns of wrongdoing in
the provision of either goods or services for or on behalf of Tesco. Issues
will be recorded, investigated and where necessary action will be taken.
Improvement
In 2013, we commissioned PricewaterhouseCoopers to carry out
an analysis of our Human Rights Policy. Based on these findings we
are revising our policy. This includes putting more emphasis on our
human rights responsibilities in a revised Code of Business Conduct.
Diversity
We approach diversity in its broadest sense, recognising that
successful world-class businesses flourish through embracing
intellectual, experiential, geographical and skills diversity as well
as other factors such as age, disability, gender, race and sexual
orientation. The ratio of male to female colleagues, based on
the number of employees at year end, is outlined below:
Board of Directors
Senior managers –
Directors
Senior managers –
Directors and managers
All employees
Male
8
667
Female
73% 3
78% 193
27%
22%
3,994
70% 1,739
30%
216,763
43% 288,781
57%
The complexity of addressing human rights risks and concerns
should not be underestimated. We believe that openness and
responsiveness are essential in the identification and remedy of
issues. We also understand we can not always address issues alone
Senior roles are demanding for all – regardless of gender – and
we are determined to develop a culture and environment where
people can advance. We introduced a ‘Women in Leadership’
development programme in 2011 and so far a total of 440 female
colleagues have completed or are currently on the programme.
Greenhouse gas emissions
Greenhouse gas (‘GHG’) emission reporting
This year our carbon footprint was 6.37 million
tonnes of CO2e. Our overall carbon intensity has
decreased by 35% since 2006/07.
We have calculated our carbon footprint according to
the WRI/WBCSD Greenhouse Gas (‘GHG’) Protocol.
We follow the operational control approach and use
emission factors from Defra/DECC’s GHG Conversion
Factors for Company Reporting 2013. For more
information on our carbon targets and how we
calculate our carbon footprint, including reporting
standards, the definition of Scope 1, 2 and 3 emissions,
and ERM CVS’s Independent Assurance Statement, see
www.tescoplc.com/society/resources.
GHG emissions data for period 24 February 2013 to 22 February 2014
Global tonnes of CO2e
Scope 1
Scope 2
Scope 1 and 2 carbon intensity
(kg CO2e/sq ft of stores and DCs)
Scope 3
Scope 3 T&D/WTT emissions
Total gross emissions
CO2e from renewable energy exported to grid
Total net emissions
Overall net carbon intensity (total net
emissions kg CO2e/sq ft of stores and DCs)
Base year 2006/07 2012/13
1,346,077
2,692,216
1,434,788 1,370,726
3,489,248 3,409,319
2013/14
49.89
370,406
761,213
5,169,912
–
5,169,912
30.89
32.38
497,422
581,701
1,094,852
817,657
6,323,394 6,372,319
829
6,322,565 6,372,155
163.63
63.88
41.58
41.17
Tesco PLC Annual Report and Financial Statements 2014
19
Other informationGovernanceFinancial statementsStrategic report
Principal risks and uncertainties
A key challenge for any business is to identify the principal risks it faces and to develop and monitor appropriate controls. A successful risk management
process balances risks and rewards and relies on sound judgement of their likelihood and impact. The Group maintains a Key Risk Register of the
principal risks faced by the Group, including the likelihood and impact of risks and the controls and procedures implemented to mitigate them.
Our process for identifying and managing risks is set out in more detail on page 40 of the Annual Report and Financial Statements 2014.
The table below sets out the principal risks faced by the Group, and examples of relevant key controls and mitigating factors. The Board
considers these to be the most significant risks faced by the Group. They do not comprise all the risks associated with the Group and they
are not set out in any order of priority. Additional risks not presently known to management, or currently deemed to be less material,
may also have an adverse effect on the business.
As customers’ disposable income remains stretched, the competitive intensity of the retail marketplace also continues to grow. It is against
this backdrop that there has been a trend towards increasing net risk during the year.
Whilst the economic situation in our principal market, the UK, is beginning to show some improvement, there are increased levels of
economic, political and regulatory volatility in the wider global marketplace which have increased the assessed level of net risk that the
business faces in these areas. The ongoing austerity programmes in Asia and Europe and the fiscal and regulatory measures that apply to
the retail sector, for example the DIDA Act in South Korea, have continued to challenge the business. An increase in the rating of
economic, political and regulatory risks since last year is principally driven by a revised view of the likely impact of these risks on the
business, particularly in the context of the global marketplace and the financial and trading position of the Group.
The ongoing delivery of our multichannel vision, combined with a growing focus on customer data, has also heightened our sensitivity
to the impact of technology risks. The impact assessment of technology has therefore increased and this remains a key area of focus.
Significant efforts by management to mitigate risks and strengthen controls have reduced the assessment of the likelihood of certain
risks occurring. Notable examples include: product safety and ethical trading, reputation and property. Changes to the Group’s property
strategy in the year have also reduced the overall property net risk rating.
Principal risks
Business strategy
If our strategy follows the wrong direction or is
not effectively communicated or implemented,
the business may suffer
The retail industry is undergoing a transformational
change in this digital age. The challenge is in balancing
investment and the emphasis between traditional
and new
Investor support may be impacted if it takes longer than
expected to demonstrate that our strategy is the right
one, or if we cannot make the investments required
An unclear or unsuccessful strategy against the growth
of budget retailers could adversely impact our market
share and profitability
Our ability to operate successfully in international
markets may be restricted if we do not follow the
right strategy in each market, which in turn could
adversely impact the Group’s profitability
Financial strategy
Key controls and mitigating factors
• Strategic matters are regularly reviewed by the Board and Executive
Committee; the Board dedicates two full days a year to testing and
challenging Group strategy
• Our plan is clear and focused on our three priorities: a strong UK business;
multichannel leadership; and disciplined international growth
• A disciplined approach is taken with underperforming assets and decisive
action is taken on strategy as appropriate, including the recent decisions
regarding operations in the US, China and India. See the Chairman’s
statement and the Report from the Chief Executive on pages 1 to 7
for more details
• We continue to invest in the customer offer through initiatives such as Price
Promise, which aim to improve customer perception of our relative price position
• The structure of our executive sub-committees is designed to focus
on key risks through the work of the Group Commercial, Compliance,
Multichannel, Technology, People Matters Group, Property Strategy
and Social Responsibility Committees
• Significant resource is invested to communicate strategy effectively to
those delivering it
• Consistent operational plans are developed throughout the Group
to ensure delivery
• A Steering Wheel balanced scorecard system helps to monitor delivery
• Structured stakeholder engagement programmes are conducted; an
investor and analyst seminar was hosted in February 2014 to reiterate
our strategic priorities
Risks relate to an incorrect or unclear financial strategy
and the failure to achieve financial plans
• Financial strategy risks and performance are regularly reviewed by the
Board and Executive Committee, with external advice obtained as required
There are risks that our financial guiderails will not
be achieved, or if achieving them means that the
business is stretched in the short-term at the expense
of investment in our long-term strategy
Weak performance could put pressure on free cash flow
and credit metrics and affect our credit rating
• We have set clear expectations for the market with our financial disciplines
and guiderails: improving capital discipline; greater focus on balancing
growth with returns; and being more focused on cash rather than
margins. See the Financial review on pages 12 to 15 for more details
• The Balance Sheet Committee regularly reviews gearing and net
debt management
• Consistent operational plans and budgets are developed throughout the
Group to help drive delivery
• A Steering Wheel balanced scorecard system helps to monitor delivery
• Structured stakeholder engagement programmes are conducted so that
expectations are clear
20
Tesco PLC Annual Report and Financial Statements 2014
Principal risks
Key controls and mitigating factors
Competition and consolidation
Failure to compete on areas including price, product
range, quality and multichannel service in increasingly
competitive UK and overseas retail markets could
impact our market share and adversely affect the
Group’s financial results
New entrants to the market and the consolidation
of competitors through mergers or trade agreements
in key markets or geographical areas could adversely
impact our market share
Reputational risk
Failure to protect the Group’s reputation and brand
in the face of ethical, legal, moral or operational
challenges could lead to a loss of trust and confidence
and a decline in customer base, and also affect our
ability to recruit and retain good people
If we do not make positive contributions to society
and effectively communicate these, this may adversely
impact our ability to win and retain customer trust
and loyalty
Performance
If business units (including the UK) underperform
against plan and against competitors, our business may
fail to meet the stated strategy in full and impairment
of asset values may result
The delivery of long-term goals and sustainable
performance may be impaired if the business
focuses too heavily on short-term targets
• Our strategy to have broad appeal on price, range and format and to
take the lead as a multichannel business, allows us to compete in
different markets
• A more diversified portfolio, such as our new food experience investments
in Giraffe, Harris and Hoole and Euphorium, allows us to take advantage
of new retailing opportunities
• Our Executive and Multichannel Committees and Trading Groups
regularly review markets, trading opportunities and competitor activities,
including discounter growth, convenience and online activities
• We continue to innovate and invest in online and multichannel activities,
including our grocery, clothing and general merchandise offerings in the UK
and internationally
• Increased global marketing efforts aim to maximise the impact of our brand
and intellectual property
• Performance is tracked against relevant KPIs and measures that customers
tell us are critical to their shopping experience
• Customer perceptions of Tesco and competitors are constantly monitored to
allow us to respond quickly and appropriately
• Tesco Values are at the heart of how we do business to help us to
consistently and transparently do the right thing for customers,
colleagues and society as a whole
• Through our newest Value – ‘we use our scale for good’ – we are tackling
some of the most important issues for society: creating opportunities for
young people, improving health, and reducing food waste. These
ambitions build on the essential work we do every day as a responsible
business: trading responsibly, reducing our impact on the environment,
being a great employer and supporting local communities
• We have established an external advisory panel of experts to challenge
and help shape the strategic direction of this important work. See our
Tesco and Society Report 2014 for more details
• Communication and engagement programmes help us to understand
stakeholder views and reflect them in our strategy and policies
• Building strong relationships with our trading partners (suppliers) allows
us to recognise and anticipate changes in our industry so we can continue
to provide quality, affordable products at a great price and which are
sourced responsibly
• Our embedded Group Code of Business Conduct, Bribery Act and UK
Groceries Supply Code of Practice guidelines guide our behaviour in
dealing with customers, employees, suppliers and other stakeholders
• Comprehensive and improved supplier auditing and product surveillance
programmes are in place to minimise the risks associated with product
integrity and labour standards
• Governance committees, including the Executive, Corporate Responsibility,
Group Commercial, Social Responsibility, Compliance, Multichannel and
Technology Committees, guide and monitor policies
• Our Board, Executive Committee and various operational committees,
including the UK Operating Board, meet regularly to review performance risks
• All business units have stretching targets based on a Steering Wheel
balanced scorecard system; performance against budgets and KPIs are
monitored continually and reported regularly to the Board
• Clear budgets, goals and objectives are set for subsidiary CEOs, with a
high proportion of reward based on the achievement of stretching targets
• Our diversification strategy minimises the impact of changes in the
economic climate
• The regional alignment of shared opportunities leverages skill and scale to
maximise performance
• Clear and regular communications ensure that colleagues have confidence
and belief in our long-term strategy and perform at their best without
undue focus on short-term performance targets
Tesco PLC Annual Report and Financial Statements 2014
21
Other informationGovernanceFinancial statementsStrategic report
Principal risks and uncertainties continued
Principal risks
Property
The acquisition, development and management of
property sites carry inherent risk. Challenges may arise
in relation to obtaining planning or other consents;
compliance with varying country safety, design and
construction standards; tenant management; and
maintaining a cost-effective estate with the right
balance of freehold and leasehold sites
Economic
In each country where we operate, we are impacted by
the underlying economic environment, the impact of
austerity programmes on consumer spending and the
fiscal measures that apply to the retail sector
Political and regulatory
In each country where we operate, we may be impacted
by legal and regulatory changes, increased scrutiny by
competition authorities and political developments
relevant to domestic trade and the retail sector
The regulatory landscape is becoming more restrictive
in many markets, which may impact how we trade.
Examples include stricter rules regarding opening hours,
customer, supplier and data protection, corporate crime
and heightened banking regulation
Product safety and ethical trading
Failures could damage customer trust and
confidence, impacting our customer base
and therefore financial results
Key controls and mitigating factors
• Calling an end to the ‘space race’ and our change of strategy in markets
such as China has reduced property acquisition and development risk.
There is now greater focus on repurposing space and managing our
freehold and leasehold balance wisely and profitably
• Group Property Strategy, Property Acquisition and related committees
regularly review, and closely control, property acquisition, planning,
construction and repurposing processes to ensure standards are met
and risks are minimised
• Group Property Blueprints are adopted to ensure consistency of approach
• Group and country Compliance Committees monitor legal and
regulatory compliance in property activities
• Mall management systems are in place to assist site management
• The external economic outlook is carefully considered when developing
strategy and is continuously monitored through the Executive Committee’s
review of performance
• Country developments are continuously monitored through local CEOs
• A central Euro Disaster Committee monitors developments in the Eurozone
• We try to anticipate and contribute to important changes in public policy
wherever we operate
• Engagement with governmental and non-governmental organisations
in a positive and supportive way allows us to represent the views of our
customers and employees and to manage the impact of political and
regulatory changes. We try to anticipate and contribute to important
changes in public policy wherever we operate
• Country developments are continuously monitored through local CEOs
• Group and country Compliance Committees, with support from our
Regulatory Ethics and Compliance Team, monitor and guide legal and
regulatory compliance
• The Tesco Bank Executive and Treating Customers Fairly Board oversee
Tesco Bank’s compliance with regulatory requirements
• Compliance with the UK Groceries Supply Code of Practice (‘Code’) is
carefully monitored by our Code Compliance Officer
• Our Group Product Policy is implemented and monitored across the
business by Group technical teams
• We have changed the way we work, following the horsemeat crisis,
to be more vigilant and to improve our capabilities on anticipating
and managing emerging issues; we have also appointed an Incident
Management expert to build expertise across the business
• Appropriate controls are in place around key risks including product
development; the approval and management of supplier sites; standards
in distribution; the monitoring of labour standards in our supplier base;
the competency of our people; and management of crises, emerging issues
and changes in regulatory standards
• Detailed, established procedures are operating globally to ensure
product integrity
• Product surveillance programmes are in place, including DNA
traceability programmes
• Group and country Compliance Committees monitor the management
of risks associated with products, suppliers and operations
22
Tesco PLC Annual Report and Financial Statements 2014
Principal risks
Technology
Key controls and mitigating factors
Any significant failure in the IT processes of our retail
operations, online and in stores, would impact our
ability to trade
As the digital marketplace grows, a lack of investment
in technology, or investment in the wrong areas,
may constrain multichannel growth and impact
our competitiveness
• Our IT strategy is approved and reviewed by the Executive Committee to
ensure that investments in IT systems and innovations improve business
efficiency and customers’ shopping experience
• We continue to invest in IT to respond to the growing range of IT-related
threats and risks
• The Group Technology Committee monitors controls to maintain the
integrity and efficiency of our IT infrastructure and data
• The Information Security Committee meets regularly to review the
development and implementation of policies
Insufficient investment in, or ineffective implementation
of, controls over our online presence could increase the
likelihood of a successful cyber-attack
• Rigorous governance processes must be followed for new systems
implementations and ongoing change management of existing IT
• The reporting lines of our Group Information Security and IT Security
Whilst investment is made in new technologies,
there is a risk that investment is not made to maintain
the controls over the existing technology, which may
impact systems availability and security, including
the security of personnel, supplier or customer data
As customers and colleagues become increasingly
sensitive to matters of data usage, storage and security,
the inherent reputational risks of the IT control
environment have increased, in conjunction with
the financial and regulatory risks
People
Failure to attract, retain, develop and motivate the
best people with the right capabilities at all levels could
limit our ability to succeed
The world of multichannel retail is increasingly
people-focused and demands new technical and
social skills. Our leaders must play a critical role in
helping to model the organisation we want to be
Treasury
Effective cash and debt management is critical to the
running of the business. Failure to ensure the availability
of funds to meet the needs of the business or to manage
interest or exchange rate fluctuations or credit risks could
limit our ability to trade profitably
teams have been merged to allow for better integration and efficiencies
in addressing IT security risks
• Processes are in place to monitor and deal with significant IT
security incidents
• Improved Group Wide Area Network infrastructure and the
standardisation and centralisation of systems across international
operations will help to improve the availability and consistency
of technology
• Our People Matters Group (‘PMG’) regularly meets to review and
monitor people policies, procedures and risks
• Clear processes are in place to ensure we understand and respond to
employees’ needs through our PMG, colleague surveys, regular
performance reviews, the involvement of trade unions in relevant
markets and the regular communication of business developments
• Talent planning and people development is a key objective for each
member of the Executive Committee
• Significant investment is made in training, development and incentives,
including through our Executive Committee Talent Cycle, talent planning,
leadership development and succession planning for the future needs of
the business
• The Employment Policy Committee is responsible for the development
of our Employment Policy Blueprint to ensure we have appropriate pay,
pension and share plan arrangements to attract and retain good people
across the business
• An annual Finance Plan and General Board Authority set out the controls
and authority limits for Treasury matters
• We expect our financial disciplines and guiderails to have a positive
impact on cash and debt management
• The Balance Sheet Committee meets regularly to monitor Treasury risks
and manage the liquidity needs of the business
• An annual Treasury Review is carried out by the Executive Committee
• Comprehensive Treasury policies set out processes and controls around
the use of financial instruments, hedging, liquidity, bank account
management and the segregation of duties required between our back
and front offices
• Further detail on the management of financial risks can be found in the
‘Financial risks review’ table on page 25 and in Note 22 on page 104 of
the Annual Report and Financial Statements 2014
Tesco PLC Annual Report and Financial Statements 2014
23
Other informationGovernanceFinancial statementsStrategic report
Principal risks and uncertainties continued
Principal risks
Tesco Bank
Financial risks taken by Tesco Bank (the ‘Bank’) could
adversely impact the Group. The key financial risks
relating to the Bank include interest rate, liquidity,
credit and insurance risks which are detailed in Note 22
on page 107 of the Annual Report and Financial
Statements 2014
Changes to financial regulations, including in relation
to credit card interchange fees, could impact
banking profitability
A vote in favour of Scottish independence from the UK
in September 2014 could impact the fiscal, monetary
and regulatory environment within which the Bank,
which is headquartered in Edinburgh, operates
Pensions
Key controls and mitigating factors
• The Bank has a defined ‘Risk Appetite’, approved and regularly reviewed
by both the Bank’s Board and the Tesco PLC Board, which sets out the
key risks, their optimum ranges, alert limits and the controls required to
manage them within their approved tolerance limits
• The Bank has formed good working relationships with the Prudential
Regulation Authority and Financial Conduct Authority
• There is a comprehensive structure of governance and oversight in place,
including through the Bank’s Governance and Conduct Committees,
to help ensure the Bank’s compliance with applicable laws and regulations
• The Group remains politically neutral and carefully monitors developments
to enable it to respond to whatever decision is reached on Scottish
independence
The IAS 19 deficit could increase if there is a fall in
corporate bond yields which is not offset by an increase
in the pension scheme’s assets
• We have a diversified investment strategy with internal controls and visibility
through our in-house investment team at Tesco Pension Investments
• We regularly review our pension risks and changes were introduced in 2012
Other risks affecting the deficit are detailed in Note 26
on page 112 of the Annual Report and Financial
Statements 2014 and include investment, inflation
and life expectancy risks
There are also increasing risks of legal and regulatory
changes introducing more burdensome requirements
Fraud, compliance and control
to reduce the scheme’s life expectancy and inflation risks
• The dedicated Pensions Audit and Risk Committee continues to monitor
and scrutinise the internal controls around pension and investment risks
• Pensions and Treasury Directors review pension risks on a monthly basis
• External expert advisors and Pension Fund Trustees are fully engaged to
consider the funding position and fund performance as well as the impact
of legislative and regulatory changes
As the business develops new platforms and grows in
size, geographical scope and complexity, the potential
for fraud and dishonest activity by our suppliers,
customers and employees increases
• Procedures and controls are set out across the business to reduce fraud
and compliance risks, including our Group Accounting Policy, key financial
controls, IT access controls and segregation of duties
• Compliance Committees monitor the implementation of, and compliance
with, relevant laws, policies and procedures
• Training is provided to help colleagues comply with policies and procedures
• Clear behavioural guidance is given to employees through training on Tesco
Values, the Group Code of Business Conduct, the UK Bribery Act and our
Whistleblowing service – Protector Line
• Internal Audit undertakes a risk-based programme with detailed
investigations into all business areas and reports its findings to
management and the Audit Committee
• Group Loss Prevention & Security monitors fraud, bribery and business
continuity risks across the Group and reports its findings to the
Audit Committee
• Store and distribution compliance and technical law and trading reviews
are conducted regularly to reinforce compliance across the Group
• A comprehensive compliance programme is in place to promote, monitor
and review compliance with the UK Groceries Supply Code of Practice
• The Information Security Committee regularly reviews IT incidents
• External Audit rotates its coverage of areas and assessment of controls
• Appropriate business continuity plans and crisis management plans are
in place for each business area and we continue to create and test them
for eventualities
• Disaster recovery plans are in place for key IT systems and data centres
• We have security systems and processes that reflect best practice to review
the risks of incidents or activism across the Group, including liaison with
the UK National Co-ordinator for Counterterrorism
Business continuity and crisis management
A major incident, from a natural disaster to a system
failure, could impact colleague safety or the Group’s
ability to trade
24
Tesco PLC Annual Report and Financial Statements 2014
Financial risks review
The main financial risks faced by the Group relate to the availability of funds to meet business needs, fluctuations in interest and foreign
exchange rates and credit risks relating to the risk of default by parties to financial transactions. Further explanation of these risks is set out in
Note 22 on page 104 of the Annual Report and Financial Statements 2014. An overview of the management of these risks is set out below for
ease of reference and to support a further understanding of the principal treasury risks described in the table above. Details of the main financial
risks relating to Tesco Bank and the management of those risks can be found in Note 22 on page 107 of the Annual Report and Financial
Statements 2014.
Financial risks
Key controls and mitigating factors
Funding and liquidity risk
The risk of being unable to continue to fund our
operations on an ongoing basis
Interest rate risk
The risk to our profit and loss account resulting from
rising interest rates
Foreign exchange risk
The risk that exchange rate volatility may have an
adverse impact on our balance sheet or profit and
loss account
• The Group finances its operations by a combination of retained profits,
disposals of property assets, debt capital market issues, commercial paper,
bank borrowings and leases
• New funding of £1.4 billion was raised during the year, including £0.8 billion
from long term debt and £0.6 billion from property disposals. At the year
end, net debt was £6.6 billion (2013: £6.6 billion)
• The policy is to smooth the debt maturity profile, to arrange funding
ahead of requirements and to maintain sufficient undrawn committed
bank facilities and a strong credit rating so that maturing debt may be
refinanced as it falls due. At the year end, the Group had a long-term
credit rating of BBB+ (negative) from Fitch, Baa1 (negative) from Moody’s
and BBB+ (stable) from Standard & Poor’s
• Forward rate agreements, interest rate swaps, caps and floors may be used
to achieve the desired mix of fixed and floating rate debt
• Our policy is to fix interest rates for the year on a minimum of 40% of
actual and projected debt interest costs of the Group excluding Tesco
Bank. At the year end, the percentage of interest-bearing debt at fixed
rates was 84% (2013: 75%). The remaining balance of our debt is in
floating rate form. The average rate of interest paid on an historic cost basis
this year, excluding joint ventures and associates, was 4.5% (2013: 4.8%)
• Transactional currency exposures that could significantly impact the Group
Income Statement are managed, typically using forward purchases or sales of
foreign currencies and purchased currency options. At the year end, forward
foreign currency transactions, designated as cash flow hedges, equivalent
to £2,862 million were outstanding (2013: £1,835 million) as detailed in
Note 21 on page 99 of the Annual Report and Financial Statements 2014.
We translate overseas profits at average foreign exchange rates
• We only hedge a proportion of the investment in our international
subsidiaries as well as ensuring that each subsidiary is appropriately hedged
in respect of its non-functional currency assets. During the year, currency
movements decreased the net value, after the effects of hedging, of the
Group’s overseas assets by £1,102 million (last year increase of £420 million)
Credit risk
The risk of loss arising from default by parties to
financial transactions
• The Group holds positions with an approved list of counter parties
of good credit quality and these counterparties and their credit
ratings are routinely monitored
Insurance risk
The risk of being inadequately protected from liabilities
arising from unforeseen events
• We purchased assets, earnings and combined liability protection from the
open insurance market for higher value losses only
• The risk not transferred to the insurance market is retained within the
business with some cover being provided by our captive insurance
companies, ELH Insurance Limited in Guernsey and Valiant Insurance
Company Limited in the Republic of Ireland. ELH Insurance Limited
covers Assets, Earnings and Combined Liability, while Valiant Insurance
Company Limited covers Combined Liability only
This Strategic report, which has been prepared in accordance with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006, has been approved and
signed on behalf of the Board
Jonathan Lloyd
Company Secretary
2 May 2014
Tesco PLC Annual Report and Financial Statements 2014
25
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Board of Directors
Sir Richard Broadbent 01
Non-executive Chairman
Sir Richard Broadbent joined the Board of Tesco PLC
on 2 July 2011 and was appointed Chairman on
30 November 2011. He started his career at HM
Treasury before joining Schroders in 1986. In 2000,
Sir Richard was appointed Executive Chairman of
HM Custom and Excise and joined the Management
Board of the UK Civil Service, serving in both roles
until 2003. Subsequently Sir Richard was Chairman
of Arriva plc and Deputy Chairman of Barclays plc
until 2011.
Philip Clarke 02
Group Chief Executive
Philip Clarke was appointed to the Board on
16 November 1998. Prior to his appointment as
CEO in March 2011 he was Asia, Europe & IT
Director. Philip began his career with Tesco in store
and worked part-time through school and university.
After graduating with a degree in Economic History,
Philip held several positions in Store Management
before holding a number of roles in commercial and
marketing. He joined the Tesco PLC Board as Supply
Chain Director and a year later added Information
Technology to his responsibilities.
Laurie McIlwee 03
Chief Financial Officer
Laurie McIlwee was appointed to the Board
on 27 January 2009 as Chief Financial Officer.
He began his career at Tesco in 2000 as UK Finance
Director and after four years, became Distribution
Director. Prior to Tesco, Laurie worked for PepsiCo
in a variety of Finance and General Management
roles including Vice President of Business Planning
at Frito-Lay International, CFO and Business
Change Director at Frito-Lay Europe, CFO of
Walkers Snack Foods and Finance Director of
PepsiCo Eastern Europe. Laurie resigned from
the Board on 4 April 2014.
Patrick Cescau 04
Senior Independent Director
Patrick Cescau was appointed a Non-executive
Director on 1 February 2009 and became Senior
Independent Director in July 2010. Patrick was
Group Chief Executive of Unilever from 2005 to
January 2009, and prior to this he was Chairman
of Unilever plc and Vice Chairman of Unilever NV
and Foods Director. He was also a Non-executive
Director of Pearson plc from 2002 until 2012 and
became Senior Independent Director in April 2010.
He was a Director of INSEAD from 2009 to 2013.
Patrick was appointed Non-executive Chairman of
InterContinental Hotels Group in January 2013 and
is also a Non-executive Director of International
Airlines Group.
Mark Armour 05
Non-executive Director
Mark Armour was appointed a Non-executive
Director on 2 September 2013 and joined the Audit
Committee on 2 October 2013. Mark was Chief
Financial Officer of Reed Elsevier Group plc from
1996 until 2012 and of its two parent companies,
Reed Elsevier PLC and Reed Elsevier NV. Prior to
joining Reed Elsevier in 1995, Mark was a partner of
Price Waterhouse in London. He is a Non-executive
Director of the Financial Reporting Council and a
Non-executive Director and Chairman of the Audit
Committee of SABMiller plc. Mark is also a fellow
of the Institute of Chartered Accountants.
Gareth Bullock 06
Non-executive Director
Gareth Bullock was appointed a Non-executive
Director on 3 July 2010 and was appointed to
the Board of Tesco Bank as a Non-executive
Director effective 17 July 2012. He was appointed
Non-executive Director of Informa Plc on
1 January 2014. Gareth was Group Executive
Director of Standard Chartered plc until his
retirement in 2010. Gareth is a Non-executive
Director of Global Market Group Ltd and a
Senior Advisor to Good Governance Group (G3).
Stuart Chambers 07
Non-executive Director
Stuart Chambers was appointed a Non-executive
Director and Chairman of the Remuneration
Committee on 3 July 2010 and was a Non-executive
Director of the Board of Tesco Bank from 17 July
2012 to 4 February 2014. He was appointed
Chairman of ARM Plc on 1 March 2014. Stuart was
Group Chief Executive of NSG Group from 2008
to 2009. Prior to NSG’s acquisition of Pilkington
plc in 2006, Stuart was Group Chief Executive of
Pilkington plc. He was a Non-executive Director of
Smiths Group plc and a Non-executive Director of
Manchester Airport Group plc. Stuart was appointed
Chairman of Rexam plc on 23 February 2012.
Olivia Garfield 08
Non-executive Director
Olivia Garfield (Liv) was appointed a Non-executive
Director on 1 April 2013. She joined Severn Trent
PLC as CEO in April 2014. Prior to this, she was
appointed CEO of Openreach in 2011 and worked
for BT from 2002 in a number of roles, including
Group Strategy Director, Portfolio and Regulation,
Managing Director Commercial and Brands,
Global Services and Vice President UK Customer
Services, Global Services. From 1998 to 2002
Liv worked for Accenture as a consultant in the
Communications and High Tech Market Unit,
designing and implementing business change
solutions across a number of industry sectors.
Ken Hanna 09
Non-executive Director
Ken Hanna was appointed a Non-executive Director
on 1 April 2009 and became Audit Committee
Chairman on 5 October 2012. Ken was previously
Chief Financial Officer of Cadbury plc from 2004
until 2009 and prior to that an Operating Partner of
Compass Partners and CFO and then CEO of Dalgety
plc. Ken has also been CFO of United Distillers and
Avis Europe plc. He is currently Chairman of Inchcape
plc, Aggreko plc and Shooting Star CHASE. Ken is
a fellow of the Institute of Chartered Accountants.
Committee membership (at 2 May 2014)
= Nominations committee
= Audit committee
= Remuneration committee
= Corporate responsibility committee
26
Tesco PLC Annual Report and Financial Statements 2014
020411100706
Deanna Oppenheimer 10
Non-executive Director
Deanna Oppenheimer was appointed a Non-executive
Director on 1 March 2012 and was appointed to
the Board of Tesco Bank as a Non-executive Director
effective from 17 July 2012. Deanna held various
senior roles at Barclays, including Vice Chair of
Global Retail Banking and also as Chief Executive of
Europe Retail and Business Banking. She has also
served as a Non-executive Director of Catellus and
Plum Creek Timber. Deanna is currently CEO of
CameoWorks LLC and a Non-executive Director
at NCR Corporation and at The AXA Group.
Jacqueline Tammenoms Bakker 11
Non-executive Director
Jacqueline Tammenoms Bakker was appointed a
Non-executive Director on 1 January 2009. She was
Director General at the Ministry of Transport in
The Netherlands from 2001-2007. Previously she
held senior positions at Quest International and
McKinsey & Co. Jacqueline is also a Non-executive
Director of Vivendi, CNH Industrial and TomTom
(from 1 May 2014). Jacqueline chairs the Van Leer
Group Foundation and is Vice Chair of the Advisory
Board to the Rotterdam School of Management.
Jonathan Lloyd 12
Company Secretary
Jonathan Lloyd was appointed Company Secretary
to the Board in December 2006. He joined Tesco as
Deputy Company Secretary and Corporate Secretariat
Director in April 2005 from Freshfields Bruckhaus
Deringer. Jonathan is also Company Secretary of
Tesco Bank.
Board diversity and experience
“ Managing and developing the Board is a continuous process. We seek to achieve
an effective balance over time of relevant skills, experience, personal qualities
and diversity. Our priority is to foster trust and respect among all Directors supporting
them to bring their particular skills and experience together for the benefit of the
company.” – Sir Richard Broadbent
Experience
Relevant
skills
Personal
qualities
Diversity
Relevant skills
Experience
Personal qualities
Diversity
Our Board members bring together
extensive experience from technology,
retail, finance, banking, HR and strategy.
Our Board members have broad
corporate experience such as being a
CEO, CFO or other Executive Director
serving on PLC Boards, as well as
specific experience in a consumer facing
business or international experience.
Personal qualities are the innate qualities
that ensure skills can be applied
effectively. They include self-awareness,
respect, independence of mind, being a
team player and the capacity to function
effectively in challenging situations.
Our Board represents diversity in
its broadest sense. This relates to
intellectual and emotional diversity
as well as to diversity of age, gender
and outlook, bringing together
multiple perspectives.
90% of our Board members
have previous retail or consumer
goods experience.
81% of our Board have served for at
least 5 years on PLC Boards or
international equivalents.
5 new leadership skills were introduced
in the business in 2013: empathy,
resilience, collaboration, innovation,
and responsiveness.
27% of our Board members
are women.
Tesco PLC Annual Report and Financial Statements 2014
27
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Executive Committee
With extensive UK, international and digital experience, our Executive Committee
oversees the implementation of the strategy set by the Board and is chaired by the CEO.
Philip Clarke
Group Chief Executive
Philip Clarke was appointed to the Board in 1998 as
Supply Chain Director. Prior to his appointment as
CEO in March 2011 he was Asia, Europe & IT Director.
Philip began his career with Tesco in store during 1974
and worked part-time through school and university.
Philip held several positions in Store Management before
holding a number of roles in commercial and marketing.
Laurie McIlwee
Chief Financial Officer
Laurie McIlwee was appointed to the Board in 2009
as Chief Financial Officer*, having joined Tesco in 2000
as UK Finance Director and later Distribution Director.
Prior to Tesco, Laurie worked for PepsiCo in a variety of
roles including Vice President of Business Planning at
Frito-Lay International, as well as CFO and Finance
Director roles at a number of PepsiCo subsidiaries.
Matt Atkinson
Chief Marketing Officer
Matt joined Tesco in 2011 as Group Marketing and
Chief Digital Officer. Before joining Tesco, Matt was the
Global CEO of HAVAS’s digital and data businesses.
Prior to this, Matt had a diverse background in
marketing, brand and agency management.
Benny Higgins
CEO Tesco Bank
Before joining Tesco Bank, Benny served as Chief
Executive Officer of Retail Business at HBOS PLC.
Between 1997 and 2005 Benny was Chief Executive
of Retail Banking at the Royal Bank of Scotland.
Prior to joining RBS, Benny was at Standard Life
for 14 years. He has been Chief Executive of Tesco
Bank since 2008.
David Hobbs
Group Business Planning Director
David joined Tesco in 2002 as UK Operations
Development Director and has since held various
positions including UK & Ireland Support Office Director,
UK Business Planning Director and International
Operations Development Director. His international roles
included COO in Malaysia and China. He was promoted
to Group Business Planning Director in November 2013.
Alison Horner
Group Personnel Director
Alison joined Tesco in 1999 as a Personnel Manager
and was later promoted to Personnel Director for
Tesco’s UK operations. After eight years in stores and
general merchandise roles she joined the Executive
Committee in 2011 as Group Personnel Director,
with responsibility for the development of our
500,000 colleagues.
Steve Rigby
Group Property Director
Steve joined Tesco in 1995 as Assets and Estates
Director, and became European Property Director
in 2001. He was promoted to UK Property Acquisition
and Estates Director in 2007 and appointed to
the UK Leadership Team in 2011. In 2012 he
was appointed Chief Property Officer for China.
Steve was appointed to the Executive Committee
on 1 November 2013 as Group Property Director.
Rebecca Shelley
Group Corporate Affairs Director
Rebecca joined Tesco in May 2012 as Group Corporate
Affairs Director. Prior to Tesco, Rebecca was a partner
at Brunswick LLP where she advised a range of
companies on financial and corporate reputation
issues. From 2000 to 2007, Rebecca worked at
Prudential as Group Communications Director
and was a member of its Executive Committee.
Robin Terrell
Group Multichannel Director
Robin joined Tesco in February 2013 as Group
Multichannel Director. From 1999 Robin worked
at Amazon, ultimately as VP & Managing Director,
with responsibility for Amazon’s UK and French
businesses. Robin has also held senior e-commerce
and multichannel roles at Figleaves.com, John Lewis
and House of Fraser.
*
Laurie Mcllwee resigned from the Board on 4 April 2014.
28
Tesco PLC Annual Report and Financial Statements 2014
Chris Bush
Managing Director – UK
Chris joined Tesco in 1982 and has held various
positions including Store Manager, Store Director
and International Support Office Director. Between
2004 and 2012, he worked abroad as COO Tesco
Homeplus, CEO Tesco Malaysia and CEO Tesco Lotus.
Chris returned in March 2012 as COO UK and was
appointed UK Managing Director in January 2013.
Jill Easterbrook
Managing Director – Developing Businesses
Jill joined Tesco in 2001 and has held leadership
roles across the Group including Retail Operations,
Group Strategy, Corporate Affairs and Clothing (stores
and online). As Managing Director – Developing
Businesses since January 2013, Jill leads a portfolio of
diverse businesses including Ireland, Telecoms, One
Stop and Blinkbox.
Kevin Grace
Group Commercial Director
Kevin joined Tesco in 1982 and has held a number
of roles including Support Office Director, COO of
South Korea, CEO of Poland and UK Property
Director. Kevin joined the Executive Committee in
2011 and has responsibility for commercial practice
across our markets and sourcing from over 70
countries worldwide.
Trevor Masters
CEO Asia
Trevor joined Tesco in 1979, starting his Tesco career as
a Store Manager, and later a Store Director. Trevor held
the role of Operations Director for Extras in the UK
during a period which saw the expansion of the Extra
estate from 9 to 200 stores. He has also served as
CEO Central Europe and became CEO Asia in 2011.
Mike McNamara
Chief Information Officer
Mike joined Tesco in 1998, having previously
worked at Accenture and BT. He sat on the Board
of Tesco.com from its inception in 1999 through
to 2006 and led the transition of Tesco.com onto
a fully online platform, as well as the national roll-out
of the service. Mike is also the Chairman of Tesco’s
Hindustan Service Centre.
Adrian Morris
Group General Counsel
Adrian joined Tesco in September 2012 as Group
General Counsel. Prior to Tesco, Adrian worked at BP
plc as Associate General Counsel for Refining and
Marketing. From 2002 to 2009, Adrian was with
Centrica PLC, initially as European General Counsel
and then as General Counsel for British Gas.
Ken Towle
Managing Director – Central Europe and Turkey
Ken joined Tesco in 1985 and has held a number of
roles including various UK operations roles and CEO
of Tesco China. Ken joined the Executive Committee
as Internet Retailing Director in 2011, before taking up
his current role as Managing Director of Central Europe
and Turkey in February 2013.
Jonathan Lloyd
Company Secretary
Jonathan Lloyd was appointed Company Secretary
to the Board in December 2006. He joined Tesco as
Deputy Company Secretary and Corporate Secretariat
Director in April 2005 from Freshfields Bruckhaus
Deringer. Jonathan is also Company Secretary
of Tesco Bank.
Tesco PLC Annual Report and Financial Statements 2014
29
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Corporate governance report
The Board itself has evolved substantially over the past two years
from its historical structure of broadly balanced Executive and
Non-executive representation to its current shape of the Chief
Executive and Chief Financial Officer being the only Executive
members of the Board. It is important to view these changes in the
context of management development generally and in particular
the development of a strong Executive Committee under Philip
Clarke, the individual members of which generally attend Board
discussions of matters reflecting their responsibilities. This allows
the Board to operate as a smaller group, supporting real, robust
and penetrating debate while ensuring continued contact with a
range of senior business executives.
Board structure is not set in stone. At any point in time it must
reflect the requirements and state of development of the business
in order to be effective. The Tesco Board will continue to evolve to
best match the needs of the business.
Sir Richard Broadbent
Chairman
In this section
This Corporate Governance Report is intended to provide
shareholders with a clear and comprehensive view of the
Group’s governance arrangements and how they have
operated over the past year.
This year, to improve transparency, we have structured the report
as follows:
Sir Richard Broadbent
Chairman
p30
Introduction from the Chairman
p31 Our corporate governance framework
p31
Corporate governance highlights
p33 Audit Committee Report
p37 Corporate Responsibility Committee Report
p38 Nominations Committee Report
p39 Compliance with the UK Corporate Governance Code
Introduction from the Chairman
This section of our Report sets out how we manage Tesco to ensure
as far as possible that the values you would expect us to operate by
are in place and adhered to, that commercial and operational risks
are identified and controlled, that we have strategies and plans in
place to optimise shareholder value over an appropriate time period
and that a proper system of checks and balances is in place without
inhibiting the efficient running of the Company.
Our approach to governance remains unchanged. It begins with
the recognition that governance is not simply a set of rules but the
framework supporting core values which define what is and what is
not acceptable. It is an expression of the way we want to conduct
ourselves which informs actions and decisions whether or not there
is a specific rule for the situation, and which supports the culture
and behaviours that we wish to foster.
I remarked last year that the governance framework, and perhaps
more importantly the corporate culture and human relationships
that underpin all governance frameworks, are operating as we
hoped and that we felt that further material changes were unlikely.
I am glad to confirm this assessment and consequently there are
few new developments to report as the changes I reported on this
time last year have settled in and the Board has focused on its task
of balancing the short-term competitive and economic pressures
with the need to invest to ensure the business is a leader in the
world of multichannel retailing.
30
Tesco PLC Annual Report and Financial Statements 2014
Our corporate governance framework
Board
Tesco PLC Board
Nominations
Committee
Audit
Committee
Remuneration
Committee
Corporate
Responsibility
Committee
Disclosure
Committee*
Executive Committee
Executive Committee
Commercial
Committee
Compliance
Committee
Multichannel
Committee
People Matters
Group
Property
Strategy
Committee
Social
Responsibility
Committee
Technology
Committee
* Meets when required
The work of the Board is supported by five key Committees: the
Audit, Corporate Responsibility, Nominations, Remuneration and
Disclosure Committees.
The role of the Disclosure Committee includes to assist and inform
the Board in making decisions concerning the identification of inside
information and make recommendations about how and when the
Company should disclose the information in accordance with the
Company’s Disclosure Policy. The Committee meets as necessary to
consider all relevant matters relating to inside information. It will in
particular meet in advance of the release of all trading statements
and other announcements of inside information to ensure that they
are true, accurate and complete. The Committee met 11 times
during the year.
The Committee’s terms of reference can be found at
www.tescoplc.com. The Group Chief Financial Officer (‘CFO’)
chairs the meetings. Other members of the Committee consist of
relevant senior management and Executive Committee members.
Further details on the other Board Committees can be found
on pages 33 to 36 (Audit); 37 (Corporate Responsibility); 38
(Nominations); and 41 to 61 (Remuneration). All the Committees
report back to the Board after each meeting.
The Board delegates to the Group Chief Executive (‘CEO’) the
responsibility for formulating and, after approval, implementing
the Group’s strategic plan and for management of the day-to-day
operations of the Group.
The Group Executive Committee, which the CEO chairs, supports
the CEO in carrying out his role and manages the day-to-day
operations of the Group’s business. The Group Executive Committee
comprises the CEO and CFO and a number of senior executives.
The Group Executive Committee has established a number of
sub-committees which assist in its work and ensure:
• Strategic choices are properly considered
• New growth opportunities are fully discussed
• Progress against the Group’s priorities is reviewed
The membership of the sub-committees comprises a mix of
Group Executive Committee members and senior management
from relevant functions. The sub-committees report to the Group
Executive Committee after each meeting on their work and issues
are escalated for discussion and/or decision to the Group Executive
Committee or the Board as appropriate.
Corporate governance highlights
Board focus during the year
During the year the Board spent its time considering a wide range
of matters. These included:
• Strategy
• Performance overall and of individual businesses and
functions in the Group
• Budgets and long-term plans for the Group
• Financial statements and announcements
• Reviewing reports from its Committees, notably on
management development, succession and remuneration
• Corporate and social responsibility
• Pensions
• Health and safety
• Shareholder feedback and reports from brokers and analysts
• Risk management and controls in the Group
• Delegated authorities
The Board also had two offsite meetings dedicated to strategy.
In addition to its regular programme of activities, the Board made
a number of strategic decisions in the year, which included:
• Divestment of the US-based Fresh & Easy business to Yucaipa
• Entry into a joint venture with China Resources Enterprise
Limited in China
• Entry into a joint venture with Tata Group in India
• Acquisition of 100% of the restaurant group Giraffe in the UK
Changes to the Board
The Board was pleased to announce the appointment of two new
Non-executive Directors during the year. Olivia Garfield joined the
Board on 1 April 2013 and Mark Armour joined on 2 September 2013.
Both Olivia and Mark bring a wealth of skills and experience to the
Board which are detailed in their biographies on page 26. Laurie
Mcllwee, Group CFO stepped down from the Board as an Executive
Director on 4 April 2014. The Board is commencing a process to find
a new Group CFO. We do not anticipate further substantial changes
to the size of the Board in the foreseeable future, although, as noted
in the Chairman’s introduction, the number of Directors may change
with the normal process of Board development.
Changes to the Board since 23 February 2013
Non-executive Director
Olivia Garfield
Mark Armour
Non-executive Director
Laurie Mcllwee
Executive Director
Appointed to the Board with
effect from 1 April 2013
Appointed to the Board with
effect from 2 September 2013
Resigned from the Board with
effect from 4 April 2014
Tesco PLC Annual Report and Financial Statements 2014
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Corporate governance report continued
Changes to the Board Committees
To ensure appropriate balance and succession potential in the
Board’s Committees, a number of changes have been made as
detailed in the table below:
Changes to the Board Committees since 23 February 2013
Mark Armour
Audit Committee
Olivia Garfield
Audit Committee
Appointed as a member with
effect from 2 October 2013
Appointed as a member with
effect from 1 April 2014
Jacqueline
Tammenoms Bakker
Corporate Responsibility
Committee
Appointed as chair with effect
from 1 March 2014
Deanna
Oppenheimer
Remuneration
Committee
Appointed as a member with
effect from 1 March 2014
Length of service and independence of
Non-executive Directors
The length of service and independence of each Non-executive
Director is shown below:
Length of service and independence of each Non-executive Director
Non-executive
Director
Date of
appointment
Full years in post
at 2014 AGM
Considered to be
independent by the Board
Sir Richard
Broadbent
2 July 2011
Mark Armour
2 September 2013
Jacqueline
Tammenoms Bakker
1 January 2009
Patrick Cescau
1 February 2009
Ken Hanna
1 April 2009
Gareth Bullock
3 July 2010
Stuart Chambers
3 July 2010
Deanna
Oppenheimer
1 March 2012
Olivia Garfield
1 April 2013
3
–
5
5
5
4
4
2
1
*
⎷
⎷
⎷
⎷
⎷
⎷
⎷
⎷
The results of the review were considered by the Board,
which agreed that the Board had continued to develop and
mature and had performed well against the criteria defined in
2012. Some examples of the themes and agreed actions from
the 2013/2014 evaluation are summarised below:
Themes
Agreed actions
Management information and analysis Certain improvements in the
Board meetings, agendas and
time allocation
Sustaining contact with the business
composition, timing and analytic
commentary on business and competitor
information would be implemented.
Arrangements for briefing Directors
on commercial business initiatives would
be enhanced.
The Board programme would be
re-structured to add one additional
meeting to ensure adequate time and
focus of discussion.
The Non-executive Directors would have
additional opportunities to spend time in
different business units and have
increased contact with senior
management.
A ‘re-induction’ programme would be
organised for those Directors appointed
more than three years ago.
Board meetings
Last year the Board moved to a pattern of six formal meetings
annually, plus a strategy meeting and ad hoc meetings were
also arranged to deal with matters between scheduled meetings
as appropriate. Board meetings were preceded by a day of
Committee meetings and by a dinner the previous evening.
Board meetings themselves lasted the majority of the day in
most cases. This pattern of meetings was intended to support the
Board’s focus on strategic and long-term matters, while ensuring it
could discharge its monitoring and oversight role effectively through
intensive high-quality discussions and high-quality information
flows. The effectiveness of this approach was reviewed at the end
of last year and the Board will plan to have seven formal meetings
annually henceforth.
* Considered independent upon appointment
Board attendance
Board evaluation
This year the Board evaluation was conducted internally and
led by the Chairman with the support of the Company Secretary.
The Senior Independent Director (‘SID’) led the review of the
Chairman’s performance. The evaluation combined the use of a
questionnaire completed by each Board member and in-depth
interviews with each of the Directors. The scope of the review
covered a range of factors relevant to the effectiveness of the
Board, including the balance of skills, experience, independence
and knowledge of the Board, its diversity and how the Board
works together as a unit.
In accordance with the provisions of the Code, the Board last
conducted an externally facilitated Board evaluation in 2011/2012,
which was facilitated by Egon Zehnder. The intention is to continue
with the three-year cycle whereby the Board will conduct an
externally led review in one year, followed by internally led reviews
in the subsequent two years, one led by the SID and one led by
the Chairman.
Number of possible
meetings attended
Actual meetings
attended
Non-executive Directors
Sir Richard Broadbent (Chairman)
Mark Armour †
Gareth Bullock
Patrick Cescau
Stuart Chambers
Olivia Garfield
Ken Hanna
Deanna Oppenheimer
Jacqueline Tammenoms Bakker
Executive Directors
Philip Clarke
Laurie McIlwee
6
3
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
† Appointed to the Board 2 September 2013
6
3
6
6
6
6
6
5
6
6
6
32
Tesco PLC Annual Report and Financial Statements 2014
Audit Committee Report
Ken Hanna
Audit Committee Chairman
Audit Committee attendance
Members
Ken Hanna (Chairman)
Mark Armour*
Patrick Cescau
Gareth Bullock
Number of possible
meetings attended
Actual meetings
attended
5
2
5
5
5
2
5
5
Audit Committee responsibilities
The Committee’s terms of reference can be found at
www.tescoplc.com. Ken Hanna, Mark Armour, Patrick Cescau and
Gareth Bullock all have recent and relevant financial experience.
The key responsibilities of the Committee are to:
• Consider the appointment of the external auditors, their
reports to the Committee and their independence, including
an assessment of their appropriateness to conduct any
non-audit work
• Review the financial statements and announcements
relating to the financial performance of the Company
• Review the internal audit programme and ensure that the
Internal Audit function is adequately resourced and has
appropriate standing within the Company
• Discuss with the external auditors the nature and scope
of the audit
• Review, and challenge where necessary, the actions and
judgements of management, in relation to the interim and
annual financial statements before submission to the Board
• Review formally the effectiveness of the external and internal
audit processes
• Consider management’s response to any major external or
internal audit recommendations
• Review the Company’s plans for business continuity
• Review the Company’s plans for the prevention and detection
of fraud, bribery and corruption
* Appointed to the Audit Committee on 2 October 2013
• Report to the Board on how it has discharged its responsibilities
The Audit Committee has an integral role in providing confidence
in the integrity of the Company’s processes and procedures
in relation to internal control, risk management and corporate
reporting. The Committee’s role continues to be increasingly
challenging due to the changes and uncertainty in the regulatory,
economic and political environment in which the business operates.
This year, pursuant to the new requirements under the UK
Corporate Governance Code (the ‘Code’) the Committee was
requested by the Board to support it in assessing whether the
report and accounts were fair, balanced and understandable
and provide sufficient information to allow an assessment of the
Company. The Code also required new specific disclosures to be
made on the work of the Committee, including significant issues
which it has considered in relation to the financial statements
and how these have been addressed.
During the year the Committee was pleased to welcome Mark
Armour as a member. He brings with him a wealth of financial
and wider experience gained over many years in business.
The Committee is also pleased to welcome Olivia Garfield as
a member with effect from 1 April 2014.
Ken Hanna
Audit Committee Chairman
Tesco PLC Annual Report and Financial Statements 2014
33
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Corporate governance report continued
Activities during the year
During the year the Committee received update reports from a
number of businesses, including Tesco Bank, and also from the
Disclosure Committee and Compliance Committee. It also received
updates from Internal Audit on its work, including findings from its
internal audit programme. The Committee considered a variety of
matters including the Group Finance Risk Register; fraud, bribery
and corruption; business continuity management; the Grocery
Supply Chain Compliance Code; whistleblowing arrangements;
and non-audit fees.
In relation to the financial statements the Committee: reviewed
and recommended approval of the half-yearly results and annual
financial statements; conducted impairment reviews; reviewed and
recommended dividend levels; reviewed corporate governance
disclosures and monitored the statutory audit. The Committee also
advised the Board on whether the financial statements, taken as a
whole, were fair, balanced and understandable and provide the
necessary information to assess the Company’s performance,
business model and strategy.
The Committee assessed the effectiveness of the external audit
process by means of a detailed questionnaire completed by key
stakeholders, including the Board, the Executive Committee,
members of senior management and Internal Audit.
The questionnaire assessed external audit in the following
areas: qualification; expertise and resources; operational
effectiveness; independence and leadership. The results are
rated against an ideal standard and compared to prior years
to assess the consistency of performance.
The effectiveness of the Internal Audit function was assessed
by means of a detailed questionnaire which was also completed
by key stakeholders. The assessment covered the Internal Audit
function’s understanding of its role and responsibility, its charter,
the quality of its communications, its performance and the skills
and expertise of the team.
The Committee carried out a review of its effectiveness during
the year via the Committee Chairman conducting interviews with
key stakeholders and the use of a questionnaire. The Committee
concluded that it continues to be effective and has sufficient
resources to carry out its duties.
The Committee considered a number of significant issues in the
year taking into account in all instances the views of the Company’s
external auditors. The issues and how they were addressed by the
Committee are detailed below:
Significant financial statement reporting issues
Issue
How the issue was addressed by the Committee
Going concern basis
for the financial
statements
The Committee reviewed management’s assessment of going concern with consideration of forecast cash flows, including sensitivity to trading and
expenditure plans and potential mitigating actions. The Committee also considered the availability of financing facilities and the capital and liquidity
plans of Tesco Bank. Based on this the Committee confirmed that the application of the going concern basis for the preparation of the financial
statements continued to be appropriate.
Fixed asset
impairment
The Committee assessed management’s impairment testing of property assets, considering the appropriateness of key assumptions and
methodologies for both value in use models and fair value measurements. This included review of cashflows, growth rates and discount rates
and the use of independent third party valuers. The Group has recognised a £(734)m charge for the impairment of European stores in the year.
China disposal group
valuation
The China disposal group is measured at the lower of cost and fair value less costs to sell. The Committee considered the methodology and
assumptions used in the valuation including review of cashflows, growth rates and discount rates used, valuation multiples for similar transactions
and companies and the appropriate level of synergies to include in the valuation. As part of this procedure, the Committee met with the independent
expert valuers engaged by management to assist in the valuation process. A £(540)m write-down to fair value less costs to sell was recognised at year
end. See Note 7 to the financial statements.
Goodwill impairment The Committee reviewed management’s process for testing goodwill for potential impairment. This review included consideration of key
assumptions, principally cash flow forecasts, long-term growth rates and discount rates. The Committee concurred with management's judgement
that no impairment was required. See Note 10 to the financial statements, ‘Goodwill and other intangible assets’ for more details.
Tesco Bank
judgemental matters
The Committee reviewed management’s judgements made in relation to Tesco Bank’s provisions for customer redress, loan impairment provisions
and insurance reserves. The Committee received detailed reports from management regarding these judgements and interfaced directly with the
Bank’s own audit committee and board to develop a detailed understanding of the matters. During the year, an additional £(63)m of provisions for
customer redress were recognised. See Note 24 of the financial statements.
Income statement
non-GAAP measure
presentation
The Committee considered the presentation of the Group financial statements and, in particular, the appropriateness of the presentation of one-off
items in the calculation of underlying profit in light of the latest FRC guidance on the matter. It reviewed the nature of items identified and whether
treatment was even-handed, consistent across years and appropriately presented movements on items which have an effect over a number of years.
The total restructuring and other one-off charge for the year was £(801)m.
The Committee notes that commercial income was an area of focus for the external auditors based on their assessment of gross risks.
It is the Committee’s view that whilst commercial income is a significant income for the Group and involves an element of judgement,
management operates an appropriate control environment which minimises risks in this area. As a result, the Committee does not
consider that this is a significant issue for disclosure in its report.
34
Tesco PLC Annual Report and Financial Statements 2014
Training
The Committee continually assesses the need for training and the
annual agenda provides substantial time for technical updates which
are generally provided by external experts. During the year, training
was provided on corporate governance developments and accounting
and tax developments. Training is also provided on an ongoing basis
to meet the specific needs of individual Committee members.
Internal and External Audit
It is essential for the Committee to be able to have an honest
and open relationship with both its external and internal auditors.
This relationship is developed and maintained through regular
private meetings with both PwC and the Head of Internal Audit.
Further information regarding the roles of both Internal Audit
and External Audit can be found below.
Internal Audit
The Internal Audit function is independent of business operations
and has a Group-wide mandate. It undertakes a continuous
programme to review the internal control and risk management
processes with particular reference to the Code. It operates a
risk-based methodology, ensuring that the Group’s key risks receive
appropriate examination each year. Its responsibilities include:
• Maintaining the Group Key Risk Register
• Facilitating oversight of risk management arrangements
across the Group through structured reviews with senior
management teams in the UK, Europe and Asia covering
our operating businesses and joint ventures
• Using the results of these reviews to assist the Executive
Committee to refresh and update the Group Key Risk Register
• Reviewing and reporting on the effectiveness of risk
management systems and internal controls to senior
management, the Executive Committee, the Audit
Committee and ultimately to the Board
External Audit
The Company’s external auditor PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
(‘PwC’) contribute a further independent perspective on certain
aspects of the Company’s financial control systems arising from
its work, and report both to the Board and the Audit Committee.
PwC have served as the Company’s auditor since 1983 and the last
audit tender was carried out in that year. The partner engaged on
the audit is changed regularly. The current partner is due to rotate
after the year ended February 2017. The Audit Committee keeps
under review the ongoing legislative proposals on audit tendering
and rotation from the EU and the Competition Commission, now
the Competition and Markets Authority, and will implement them
in accordance with the suggested timescales.
The engagement and independence of PwC is considered annually
by the Audit Committee before it recommends its selection to the
Board. The Committee is satisfied that PwC remain independent
and are best placed to conduct the Company’s audit for 2014/2015.
The Committee therefore recommends that PwC be reappointed
as auditors.
The Company has a Non-audit Service Policy for work carried out
by PwC. This is split into three categories as explained below:
• Pre-approved work for external auditors – this is predominantly
the audit of subsidiary undertakings’ statutory accounts and is
audit-related in nature
• Work for which Committee approval is specifically required –
this includes transaction work and corporate tax services, and
certain advisory services
• Work from which the external auditor is prohibited
Tesco PLC Annual Report and Financial Statements 2014
35
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Corporate governance report continued
To safeguard auditor objectivity and independence the Committee
oversees the process for the approval of all non-audit services
provided by PwC. Prior to approval, consideration is given to
whether it is in the interests of the Company that the services
are purchased from PwC, rather than another supplier.
This year the Committee approved PwC to complete £1.2m of
audit-related services. These services principally related to the
audit of the accounts of the Tesco China business in relation to
the preparation of the China Resources Enterprise Limited (‘CRE’)
shareholder circular required to approve the formation of our joint
venture. PwC were best placed to conduct this work as they had
previously conducted the audit work for Tesco and were fully aware
of the history of our business in China.
Where any significant non-audit related work is required (fee value
£300k), the pre-approval of the Committee is specifically required.
In total £4.7m (2013: £2.9m) was spent on non-audit fees (being
46% of the total spent with our external auditors) and details of
the significant items are shown in the table below:
Business area
Work undertaken
Rationale for use of PwC
Group
UK
PwC carried out due diligence work related to the CRE
transaction in China.
PwC carried out consultancy work in the UK around
organisational development.
PwC’s detailed knowledge and understanding of
our business and retailing in China meant they were
uniquely placed to assist us in this key task. The
Committee considered the proposal carefully to ensure
that the independence of the due diligence team from
the ongoing audit relationship was preserved.
PwC were evaluated against other potential
consultants for this work and won the engagement
based on the quality of their service offering.
Their role was one of facilitation.
All reorganisation design decisions were taken
by management.
Amount
£1.8m
£1.2m
UK, Europe and Asia
In Asia PwC carried out tax consultancy principally
related to the tax implications of the CRE transaction
in China and legislative compliance in South Korea;
and, in Europe and the UK, the advice centred around
compliance with VAT regulations.
PwC’s understanding of the structure of our business
ensured that they were well placed to carry out this
work cost effectively.
£0.6m
The fees paid to the auditors in the year are disclosed in Note 3 of the financial statements.
36
Tesco PLC Annual Report and Financial Statements 2014
Corporate Responsibility Committee Report
Sir Richard Broadbent
Corporate Responsibility Committee Chairman
Corporate Responsibility Committee attendance
Members
Sir Richard Broadbent (Chairman)
Patrick Cescau
Deanna Oppenheimer
Jacqueline Tammenoms Bakker
Number of possible
meetings attended
Actual meetings
attended
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
Corporate responsibility is an integral part of how our business
operates. It reflects the inescapable reality that if the values of a
business fail to resonate with the values of society, it is endangering
long-term prosperity. Tesco is committed to identifying and living the
values which are important to our colleagues and customers and the
Corporate Responsibility Committee provides a forum to ensure the
Board gives adequate attention to this.
Last year we introduced a new Value: we use our scale for good,
and during the year we have made considerable progress in
embedding that Value into our business. Some of the highlights
of our work are described below. The full ambit of the Committee’s
work can be gauged by reading the Tesco and Society Report 2014
which accompanies our Annual Report and Financial Statements.
After chairing the Committee for the last two years it has been
agreed that I should rotate off as the Chairman of the Committee
and that Jacqueline Tammenoms Bakker would take over the chair
with effect from 1 March 2014.
Sir Richard Broadbent
Corporate Responsibility Committee Chairman
Corporate Responsibility Committee responsibilities
The Corporate Responsibility Committee was established in 2012
to ensure that the Board maintains an adequate focus on corporate
responsibility in its widest sense. The Committee’s terms of reference
are available at www.tescoplc.com.
The key responsibilities of the Committee are to:
• Define the Group’s corporate and social obligations as a
responsible citizen and oversee its conduct in the context
of those obligations
• Approve a strategy for discharging the Group’s corporate
and social responsibilities in such a way as to command
respect and confidence
• Identify and monitor those external developments which are likely
to have a significant influence on the Group’s reputation and/or its
ability to conduct its business appropriately as a good citizen
and review how best to protect that reputation or that ability
• Oversee the creation of appropriate policies and
supporting measures
• Monitor the Group’s engagement with external stakeholders
and other interested parties
• Ensure that appropriate communications policies are in place
and working effectively to build and protect the Group’s
reputation both internally and externally
Activities during the year
Last year we introduced a new core purpose: we make what
matters better, together. We also articulated a new Value to
help us achieve our core purpose: we use our scale for good.
It’s based on the recognition that by using our skills and scale,
we can make a significant contribution to major challenges
facing society.
We chose to take a lead in tackling three challenges which
were particularly relevant to us as a large global retailer and
are important to our colleagues, customers and communities.
Our three big ambitions are:
• To lead in reducing food waste globally
• To improve health and through this help to tackle the global
obesity crisis
• To create new opportunities for millions of people around
the world
These three ambitions build on our essential responsibilities as a
good corporate citizen – in terms of trading responsibly, reducing
our impact on the environment, being a great employer and
supporting local communities.
Over the last 12 months we’ve worked hard to embed our new
Value through the business. We want to help deliver significant,
long-term change and so our focus has been on examining the
problems and developing clear and focused plans of action:
insight-to-action. We have engaged with experts in the different
areas. We have held roundtable discussions on a range of subjects
including health, young people, food sourcing and food waste.
In tackling food waste we have published our own operations
waste data which has been independently assured by KPMG.
We have also developed profiles of some of our most frequently
purchased products showing where most food waste occurs in the
value chain from farm to fork. Identifying these hotspots means
that we can focus our action plans where we can make the biggest
difference. In improving health, our new Healthy Little Differences
Tracker will map the health profile of our customers’ shopping trips
over time. In providing opportunities, we have carried out extensive
research with young people to find out their ambitions, the
challenges they face and the support that they need.
During the year, the Committee was updated on the progress
made on our three big ambitions and discussed the performance
measures for this work. The Committee was briefed on the
development of an advisory panel which would share views
and insights from outside the business, look at best practice
and emerging trends, challenge current thinking and collaborate
to help find solutions. The Committee also discussed the results
of the latest research on reputation.
Further information is available in our Tesco and Society
Report 2014, which can be found on our website at
www.tescoplc.com/society.
Tesco PLC Annual Report and Financial Statements 2014
37
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Corporate governance report continued
Nominations Committee Report
Sir Richard Broadbent
Nominations Committee Chairman
Nominations Committee attendance
Members
Sir Richard Broadbent (Chairman)
Patrick Cescau
Stuart Chambers
Ken Hanna
Number of possible
meetings attended
Actual meetings
attended
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
The Nominations Committee divides its time broadly between
reviewing executive bench strength and succession and overseeing
Board succession and governance. The year was marked by a
continued focus on executive bench strength and succession
reflecting the priority being given to building talent development
and succession options at all levels. The Committee also devoted time
to reviewing Board development over the short and medium term.
The Group CEO and Group Personnel Director are regular
attendees at Committee meetings which provide a valuable
opportunity for in-depth and candid discussion in a small
group on human and governance issues.
Sir Richard Broadbent
Nominations Committee Chairman
Nominations Committee responsibilities
The Committee’s terms of reference are available at
www.tescoplc.com. Where matters discussed relate to the
Chairman, the Senior Independent Non-executive Director
chairs the meeting.
The key responsibilities of the Committee include:
• Reviewing the Board’s structure, size and composition
• Identifying, nominating and reviewing candidates for
appointment to the Board
• Putting in place plans for succession
• Reviewing the leadership needs of the organisation,
both Executive and Non-executive
• Reviewing the Group’s talent planning programmes
• Reviewing Board succession over the longer term, in order
to maintain an appropriate balance of skills and experience
and to ensure progressive refreshment of the Board
• Monitoring of the Group’s compliance with corporate
governance guidelines
38
Tesco PLC Annual Report and Financial Statements 2014
Activities during the year
The Committee divides its time broadly between reviewing
executive management development and succession planning;
and reviewing Board development and governance matters.
This year the Committee discussed the progress which had been made
on culture and capability in the past 24 months, including rolling out
new leadership skills and developing the capability of business leaders,
and advancements in succession planning and diversity.
The Committee also reviewed succession planning for senior roles
and the management development programmes which are in
place to ensure adequate bench strength and appropriate skills
are developed across the business.
With regard to Board development and governance, the Committee
identified and recommended two appointments to the Board.
Olivia Garfield joined the Board as a Non-executive Director on
1 April 2013 and Mark Armour joined the Board as a Non-executive
Director on 2 September 2013. Both Olivia and Mark bring a wealth
of skills and experience to the Board which are detailed in their
biographies on page 26.
The Committee considers a number of factors when making new
appointments, including what the new Director will add to the
balance of skills and experience on the Board, and whether the
Director will be able to allocate sufficient time to the Company
to discharge his or her responsibilities. We worked with the external
search consultancy Lygon Group, which does not have any
connection with the Company, as well as using our own networks,
to identify candidates.
The Committee also considered a number of changes to the
composition of the Board’s Committees to ensure appropriate
balance and succession potential. These are detailed on page 32.
In addition, the Committee reviewed the key themes which had
emerged from governance meetings with shareholders in the
run-up to the AGM and agreed the proposed approach for this
year’s Board evaluation to recommend to the Board.
Diversity
Tesco approaches diversity in its broadest sense, recognising
that successful world-class businesses flourish through embracing
intellectual, experiential, geographical and skills diversity as well
as other factors such as age, disability, gender, race and sexual
orientation. With regard to gender diversity, which is the focus of
significant current attention, we accept the spirit and aspirations
of the Davies Report, including the representation of women at
the highest levels in the organisation.
There are currently three women on our Board (27%), three
women on the Executive Committee (19%) and women in
senior management positions across the Group account for
30% as a whole. We believe that the focus must remain firmly
on understanding what it takes to develop women and to retain
them in senior positions. Senior roles are very demanding for all,
regardless of gender, and we are determined to develop a culture
and an environment where our people can advance whilst having
the time to be good parents, partners and active members of their
local community.
Our policy is to find, develop and keep a diverse workforce at all
levels within our Company and we are committed to increasing the
percentage of female leaders. We set a target in September 2011
for women to represent 32% of senior management and 20%
of business leaders and Directors. We are close to our target with
30% of senior managers and we have exceeded our target with
22% of business leaders and Directors being women.
Compliance with the UK Corporate Governance Code
The UK Corporate Governance Code (the ‘Code’) sets out principles and specific provisions on how a company should be directed and
controlled to achieve standards of good corporate governance. In September 2012 the Financial Reporting Council made changes to the
Code which focused on reporting. The 2012 version of the Code applies to the Company for the year ended 22 February 2014. A copy of
the Code is available at www.frc.org.uk.
The Board considers that the Company complied in all material respects with the Code for the whole of the year ended 22 February 2014
except with regards to Code provision E.2.3, as Ken Hanna was unable to attend the AGM due to a long-standing prior engagement.
Also, with regard to the new Code provision C.3.7, which requires external audit contracts to be put out to tender at least every ten years,
the Company has not re-tendered within that period, but the Audit Committee keeps under review the ongoing legislative proposals on
audit tendering and rotation from the EU and the Competition Commission, now the Competition and Markets Authority, and will
implement them in accordance with the suggested timescales. Further details are provided on page 35.
The notes below are intended to facilitate the assessment of the Company’s compliance with the Code for the year ended 22 February 2014
but they should be read in conjunction with the Corporate Governance Report as a whole.
A. Leadership
B. Effectiveness
A.1 The Board’s role
The Board is the custodian of the Company’s values and of its long-term vision, and
provides strategic direction and guidance for the Company. The matters reserved to
the Board for its decisions are detailed in a formal schedule. Matters which must be
considered by the Board include: the Group’s strategy; annual budgets; oversight of
risk management processes; changes to the capital structure; and material
transactions or litigation.
The Board held six scheduled meetings in the year ended 22 February 2014 and ad
hoc meetings were also arranged to deal with matters between scheduled meetings
as appropriate. It is expected that all Directors attend scheduled Board and relevant
Committee meetings and the Annual General Meeting. Details of Board and
Committee membership and attendance can be found on pages 32 and 33, 37
and 38.
All Directors are covered by the Group’s Directors’ and Officers’ Insurance policy.
A.2 A clear division of responsibilities
There is a clear delineation between the role of the Chairman and CEO. Their role
descriptions were agreed by the Board in 2012 and are summarised below:
Chairman’s responsibilities:
Ensuring the Directors receive accurate, timely and clear information
Facilitating the effective contribution of Non-executive Directors and engagement
between Executive and Non-executive Directors
Ensuring an annual evaluation of the Board is conducted and leading the
performance evaluation of the CEO and Non-executive Directors, plus ensuring that
the Committee Chairmen conduct evaluations of their Committees
Building an effective Board
The induction of new Directors and further training for all Directors as required
Communicating effectively with shareholders and other stakeholders and ensuring
the Board develops an understanding of the view of the stakeholders
Group CEO’s responsibilities:
Leading the development of the Company’s strategic direction and implementing
the agreed strategy
Identifying and executing new business opportunities
Managing the Group’s risk profile and implementing and maintaining an effective
framework of internal controls
Building and maintaining an effective top management team
Ensuring effective communication with shareholders and key stakeholders
and regularly updating institutional shareholders on the business strategy
and performance
A.3 Role of the Chairman
The Chairman was independent upon his appointment to the Board. He leads the
Board, ensuring its effectiveness while taking account of the interests of the Group’s
various stakeholders, and promoting high standards of corporate governance.
A.4 Non-executive Directors
Patrick Cescau was the Senior Independent Director (‘SID’) throughout the year
ending 22 February 2014. Patrick was selected in July 2010 for the role because
of his experience and expertise, both as an Executive and Non-executive Director.
A biography is available on page 26. In his role as SID, Patrick Cescau is available to
assist in resolving shareholder concerns should alternative channels be exhausted.
The SID’s role also includes responsibility for the Chairman’s appraisal and
succession; and to hold at least one meeting each year with the Non-executive
Directors without the Chairman present.
The Chairman also has one-to-one and group meetings with the Non-executive
Directors without the Executive Directors being present.
During the year, there were no unresolved concerns about the running of the
Company or a proposed action.
B.1 The Board’s composition
Last year the Board was intentionally managed to a smaller size with proportionally
greater Non-executive representation relative to Executive.
The Board reviewed the overall balance of skills, experience, independence and
knowledge of the Board and Committee members and a number of changes were
made to the Non-executive representation as detailed on pages 31 and 32.
During the year the Board comprised of the Non-executive Chairman, two
Executive Directors and eight Non-executive Directors. All the Non-executive
Directors are considered to be independent under the criteria set out in the Code.
B.2 Board appointments
The appointment of new Directors is led by the Nominations Committee.
Further details of the appointments process can be found in the Nominations
Committee section on page 38 and biographies of our Directors can be found
on pages 26 and 27.
B.3 Time commitments
The Board makes a careful assessment of the time commitments required from
the Chairman and Non-executive Directors to discharge their roles properly. This is
discussed with candidates as part of the recruitment process and a commitment
to the appropriate time requirements is included in their engagement letter.
B.4 Training and development
All new Directors receive a personalised induction programme, tailored to
their experience, background and particular area of focus, which is designed
to develop their knowledge and understanding of the Group’s culture and
operations. The programme has evolved over time to take into account feedback
from new Directors and the development of best practice and incorporates a
wide-ranging programme of meetings with the senior management across the
Group, attending results and broker briefings, comprehensive briefing materials
and opportunities to visit the Group’s operations across the world including
spending time in-store and in our distribution network. The Chairman agrees a
personalised induction plan with each new Director and ensures that it meets the
individual needs of that Director.
The Chairman reviews each Director’s development needs as part of the annual
performance evaluation process and puts appropriate arrangements in place for
specific training. The Nominations Committee reviews the Directors’ skills and experience
as a group against those needed to continue to enable the Board to oversee and support
the Group’s diverse operations in the future and identifies any gaps. This informs the
approach to ongoing refreshment of the Board as well as the training plan for the current
Board. Training is arranged to help develop the knowledge and skills of the Directors in
a variety of areas relevant to the Group’s business. All Directors have the opportunity to
refresh and increase their knowledge of the Group through visits to Group Operations
and meeting with senior executives across the business.
B.5 Provision of information and support
Board papers are circulated a week before each meeting to give the Directors
and Committee members sufficient time to fully consider the information.
All Directors have access to the services of the Company Secretary and may
take independent professional advice at the Company’s expense in conducting
their duties.
B.6 Board and committee performance evaluation
During the year the Board undertook a thorough review of its performance and
that of its Committees and individual Directors. Further information can be found
on page 32.
B.7 Re-election of Directors
All Directors were subject to shareholder re-election at the 2013 AGM and this will
be the case at the 2014 AGM.
Information about the Directors can be found in their biographies on pages 26 and 27.
Tesco PLC Annual Report and Financial Statements 2014
39
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Corporate governance report continued
Whilst no internal control system can guarantee that losses will not occur, the
Board is satisfied that management have remained diligent in their efforts to
ensure that an appropriate level of control remains in place.
C.3 Role and responsibilities of the Audit Committee
The Audit Committee supports the Board in its responsibilities in relation to
corporate reporting and risk management and internal controls, and with
maintaining a relationship with the Company’s auditors.
The Audit Committee’s report on pages 33 to 36 sets out a description of the
work of the Committee.
D. Remuneration
D.1 Level and elements of remuneration
The Directors’ Remuneration Report on pages 41 to 61 explains the level of
remuneration received by the Directors and how the Company has aligned the
remuneration received to corporate and individual performance.
D.2 Development of remuneration policy
The development of our remuneration policy and our rationale for the level
and structure of the remuneration for our senior management is set out in the
Directors’ Remuneration Report on pages 56 to 61.
E. Relations with shareholders
E.1 Shareholder engagement
We are committed to conducting constructive dialogue with shareholders to ensure
that we understand what is important to them and enable clear communication of
our position. The Chairman, CEO and CFO hold regular meetings with shareholders
and update the Board on the outcome of those meetings. Investor Relations
keep the Board informed of broker and analyst views and report and present formally
to the Board twice a year. In addition we carry out a survey each year of a cross-section
of shareholders in order to assess shareholder perception of the Company.
We support greater engagement with institutional shareholders as envisaged
by the Stewardship Code. We are also keen to develop engagement with private
shareholders through various channels of communication, including the AGM,
the Company’s website and social media.
E.2 Constructive use of the AGM
Our 2014 AGM will be held in London on 27 June 2014. The whole Board is
expected to attend the AGM and be available to answer questions from
shareholders present.
In 2013 Ken Hanna was unable to attend the AGM due to a long-standing prior
engagement. All other Directors were present and talked to a number of
shareholders before and after the meeting.
To encourage shareholder participation, we offer electronic proxy voting and
voting through the CREST electronic proxy appointment service. At our AGM all
resolutions are proposed and voted upon individually by shareholders or their
proxies. All votes taken during the AGM are by way of electronic poll. This follows
best practice guidelines and allows the Company to count all votes, not just those
of shareholders attending the meeting.
C. Accountability
C.1 Financial and business reporting
The Directors’ statement of responsibilities for the preparation of the Annual
Report and Financial Statements 2014 can be found on page 64. Information on
the Company’s business model can be found on pages 10 and 11 and its strategy
can be found on pages 3 to 7.
The Directors’ confirmation that the business is a going concern can be found
on page 63.
C.2 Risk management and internal control systems
The Board has overall responsibility for ensuring the Group has appropriate
risk management and internal controls in place and that they continue to
work effectively.
There is a comprehensive process for the review and consideration of risk at Tesco.
Risk Registers are in place for all businesses and some key Group functions also
maintain a specific Risk Register. The Group also maintain a Group Key Risk
Register which describes key risks faced by the Group and their likelihood and
impact, as well as the controls and procedures implemented to mitigate them.
Group risks are determined by discussion with senior management and are
reviewed by the Group Executive Committee and then agreed by the Board.
In addition to reviewing the Group Risk Register, the Board carries out in-depth
reviews of key risk areas each year.
The Company maintains a comprehensive framework of internal controls
addressing the key strategic, financial, legal, reputational and operational risks to
the business and the accountability for operating these controls rests with senior
management as a first line of defence.
Colleagues are required to confirm annually that they complied with the Code
of Business Conduct which sets out individual obligations and responsibilities for
anyone working at Tesco.
Group Finance is responsible for preparing the Group’s financial statements.
Last year it took steps to make the processes more robust by developing a key
financial control framework to describe a mandatory suite of controls across key
business processes. Compliance is monitored by an annual self-assessment.
A number of key management committees play a role in monitoring compliance
with internal controls. The Group Compliance Committee is responsible for
monitoring legal compliance across the Group, including receiving reports from
the individual business unit compliance committees.
The Audit Committee reports each year on its assessment of the effectiveness
of the risk management and internal controls systems. Throughout the year the
Committee receives regular reports from the external auditor covering topics such
as quality of earnings and technical accounting developments. Internal Audit and
senior management also regularly provide updates to the Committee and any
significant breaches of control, together with the appropriate remediation
arrangements are discussed.
The Board conducted a review of the effectiveness of the Company’s risk management
and internal controls during the year. To support the Board in their annual assessment,
a summary report is prepared which describes the arrangements that the Board has
put in place for internal control and risk management systems and summarises the
key issues or non-compliances arising from those processes.
These arrangements include:
1. The Annual Risk Management Process (as described in the principal risks and
uncertainties section on pages 20 to 25) – there is a comprehensive process for
the review and consideration of risk at Tesco. Risk Registers are in place for all
Business Units and for some key Group Functions, including Group Finance.
These are considered regularly by subsidiary boards to assess their control
systems and have all been reviewed at least once in the last year. The Group Key
Risk Register was reviewed by the Executive Committee in January 2014 and the
Board in February 2014. During the reviews all the Group risks were challenged
and refreshed.
2. The Internal Audit Programme – a risk-based programme of Internal Audit is
conducted annually and the findings of those audits, together with the
monitoring of the progress of management’s remediation programmes is
reviewed by the Board.
3. Evaluation of the Control Findings from External Audit – PwC are not a part of
Tesco’s internal control system. However, they do form an assessment on the
financial control environment as they conduct their audit work and this is
another point of reference and information for the Board and senior
management to consider on the operation of our controls.
4. Assessment of Compliance Activities at a Group and Business Unit Level – the
results of a number of other key compliance activities are also considered during
the review of the effectiveness of risk management and internal control
arrangements. These include: the outputs from the Group and Business Unit
Compliance Committee processes; the returns from the Annual Code of
Business Conduct declaration process; the results of the Key Financial Controls
Self-Assessment process; the results of store-based compliance reviews of stock,
cash and price integrity processes; the results of the Group Technical and
Trading Law assessments including ethical audits; the outputs from the Tesco
Bank Risk Assurance and Compliance process; reports from the Fraud and Code
of Conduct Investigations; and, the results from the Information Security
reviews and incidents that occurred in the year.
40
Tesco PLC Annual Report and Financial Statements 2014
Directors’ remuneration report
Remuneration Committee Chairman’s introduction
Stuart Chambers
Chairman of the Remuneration Committee
In this section
p41 Introduction from Stuart Chambers,
Chairman of the Remuneration Committee
p42 Annual remuneration report
p56 Directors’ remuneration policy
Subject to an
advisory vote at
the 2014 AGM
Subject to a
binding vote at
the 2014 AGM
Dear Shareholders
New remuneration reporting framework
The new remuneration reporting regulations came into force on
1 October 2013 and apply to Tesco for the 2013/14 financial year.
To reflect this, the Committee has restructured the Directors’
Remuneration Report for 2013/14 and split it into two parts.
The Policy Report will be submitted to shareholders for a binding
vote for the first time at the 2014 AGM and the policy will be
effective from that date. The Annual Remuneration Report will
also be submitted to shareholders for an advisory vote at the
same meeting. The Committee hopes that the new form of
report is clear and informative and would welcome feedback
from shareholders.
Incentive payouts for 2013/14
In 2013/14 we shifted our focus from addressing existing business
issues to driving our strategy for future growth. The progress we
have made to date in Building a Better Tesco has strengthened
our business’s foundations, positioning the Company to create
value for our shareholders. Our store refresh programme continues,
where we are updating our stores to make them more contemporary,
improving the shopping environment and making them more
compelling for our customers. We are now accelerating our growth
in new channels and investing in sharper prices, improved quality,
stronger ranges and better service. The area where change has been
most significant however is in the acceleration of the development
of our multichannel strategy, evolving our offering as the way
customers shop evolves.
Management have been working hard to deliver this business
transformation, making difficult decisions today to position Tesco
to be the leading retailer of tomorrow. This strategy is starting to
yield results: Group internet sales increased by 15% and we are
getting better feedback from customers and colleagues across
the Group.
Despite strong progress against strategic objectives during the year
and the exceptional effort management have put in to achieve this,
the bonus profit underpin was not met and therefore the Executive
Directors will not receive a bonus in respect of 2013/14.
Performance Share Plan awards granted in 2011 will lapse in July
2014 as challenging three-year EPS and ROCE targets were not met.
Reward changes for 2014/15
No changes are being made to our reward framework in 2014/15.
Board changes
Laurie McIlwee resigned as CFO and as an Executive Director
of Tesco PLC on 4 April 2014. Laurie remains an employee of
Tesco and, for a period of six months from 4 April 2014, will be
employed as CFO Emeritus performing transition activities and
supporting handover with colleagues as we recruit a replacement
CFO. Details of Laurie’s leaving arrangements are set out on
page 51.
Review of remuneration arrangements for 2015/16
and beyond
The world of retail is evolving rapidly as customers embrace
technology to help them shop in different ways, and Tesco is
changing to make the most of the opportunities this presents.
To ensure that we continue to operate a remuneration framework
which reflects this rapidly changing market, is fully aligned with our
strategy and provides competitive rewards to management for the
creation of shareholder value, the Committee plans to undertake
a review of executive remuneration during 2014/15. We will consult
with shareholders in relation to any changes we would propose to
make, and it is anticipated that we will bring a revised remuneration
approach to shareholders at the 2015 AGM.
Stuart Chambers
Chairman of the Remuneration Committee
Tesco PLC Annual Report and Financial Statements 2014
41
Other informationGovernanceFinancial statementsStrategic report
Directors’ remuneration report continued
Annual remuneration report
The following report outlines our remuneration strategy and philosophy, how remuneration policy was implemented in 2013/14 and how
the Committee intends to apply policy in 2014/15. This Annual Remuneration Report will be submitted to an advisory shareholder vote at
the AGM on 27 June 2014.
Remuneration strategy
Tesco’s most important asset is its people. Business success depends on the performance and contribution of each individual colleague
but outstanding performance comes from teamwork. Our approach to remuneration throughout Tesco is guided by a framework of
common objectives and principles which are outlined in the table below.
Fair
• Policies are transparent, and
applied consistently and equitably
• Reward decisions are trusted and
properly governed
• Reward is legal and compliant
F
F
F
a
a
a
i
i
i
r
r
r
e
om petiti v
C
Total Reward
S
i
m
ple
u stainable
S
Sustainable
• Reward is aligned to the business
strategy, reflects our performance,
and is affordable
• Our reward framework is flexible
to meet the changing needs of
the business
• We reward in a responsible way
The following chart and accompanying table provide a summary
of how remuneration policy will be applied in 2014/15.
Remuneration policy for Executive Directors
Fixed element (c.20% of total reward assuming maximum performance)
Salary + pension + benefits
Performance related element (c.80% of total reward assuming maximum performance)
Short-term performance
Long-term performance
Cash bonus
Deferred share
bonus
Performance Share Plan
Financial measures (76%):
Profitability (50%) and strategic
financial measures (26%)
Strategic non-financial
measures (24%)
Matrix of EPS growth and return
on capital employed (‘ROCE’)
Reward objectives
Reward principles
Attract
• Enable Tesco to recruit the
right people
Motivate
• Incentivise colleagues to deliver
our business goals together
Recognise
• Acknowledge individual
contribution and performance
Align
• Create shareholder value and
support the achievement of
the business’ core purpose by
focusing colleagues on making
what matters better
Retain
• Foster loyalty and pride in Tesco so
that colleagues want to stay with
us and strive to do their best
Competitive
• We assess competitiveness on
a total reward basis including
financial and non-financial
rewards
• Reward reflects an individual’s
role, experience, performance
and contribution
• Reward is set with reference to
external market practice and
internal relativity
Simple
• Reward is simple, clear, and easy
to understand
• We avoid unnecessary complexity
• Reward is delivered accurately
Linking executive pay with strategy
• Alignment with strategy
Our strategic focus is to build a stronger business that
is sustainable and equipped to compete in the future.
The majority of our reward is linked to the delivery of
stretching performance over the short and long term
aligned with the achievement of our business vision and
our strategy (see the Report from the Chief Executive on
pages 3 to 7). The majority of reward is delivered in shares.
Our short-term performance is measured in relation to
profit growth and the delivery of other strategic financial
and non-financial objectives. Our long-term performance is
measured by assessing the growth in our earnings per share
and the level of our return on capital. These metrics are a key
measure of the success of the delivery of shareholder value.
• Simple, collegiate approach to remuneration
Our remuneration arrangements are designed to be simple to
provide clarity to our Executives and to shareholders. Executive
Directors and other management participate in a common
incentive framework to ensure teamwork in delivering our key
strategic goals.
• Creating alignment with shareholders by building
a shareholding in our business
We believe that it is important that our colleagues are shareholders
in the business to create alignment with other shareholders.
The CEO’s shareholding guideline is to hold shares with a value of
four times salary, the CFO is required to hold shares with a value of
three times salary and other senior managers are required to hold
shares with a value of one times salary.
42
Tesco PLC Annual Report and Financial Statements 2014
How remuneration policy will be applied in 2014/15
Element
Operation and opportunity
Fixed pay
Base salary
• CEO – £1,145,000
Performance measures
• n/a
• Next review 1 July 2014.
• The average increase for Executive Directors in 2013 was 2%.
This was the same as the 2% average increases for other colleagues.
Salary increases over the last five years have been aligned with those
of other colleagues.
Pension
(Cash in retirement)
Final salary scheme
• The CEO is a member of the Tesco PLC Pension Scheme,
• n/a
which provides a pension of up to two-thirds of base salary
on retirement dependent on service (final salary scheme).
SURBS
• The CEO receives the maximum pension that can be provided
from the registered Pension Scheme without incurring additional
tax charges. The balance of his pension entitlement is delivered
through an unfunded retirement benefit scheme (‘SURBS’).
This SURBS is closed to new entrants.
Employee contribution
• The CEO is required to contribute 10% of salary. This rate is in line
with contribution levels for senior management below Board level.
Benefits
• Core benefits include car benefits, drivers, security, life assurance,
• n/a
disability and health insurance, club membership and staff discount.
• Executives are eligible to participate in the Company’s all-employee
share schemes, Sharesave and the Share Incentive Plan, on the same
terms as UK colleagues. Sharesave is an HMRC approved savings
related share option scheme. The Share Incentive Plan is an HMRC
approved plan comprising free shares and partnership shares.
Performance
related pay
Annual bonus
(One-year
performance)
(Cash and shares)
• CEO – maximum opportunity of 250% of base salary.
• 50% in cash.
• 50% in shares which are deferred for three years.
• Malus applies to deferred shares to allow the Committee.
discretion to scale back awards prior to the satisfaction of awards.
• 76% of bonus based on financial performance:
– 50% of bonus based on trading profit
performance.
– 26% based on selected strategic financial
performance measures (10% Group internet
sales, 8% UK like-for-like sales and 8% Group
working capital).
• 24% of bonus based on performance against
key strategic non-financial performance (8%
Group customer service, 8% Group colleague
engagement, 8% Group CO2 reduction).
• The strategic financial and non-financial
measures are subject to a financial underpin.
Performance
Share Plan
(Three-year
performance)
(Shares)
• CEO – maximum award of 275% of base salary.
• Malus provisions apply to awards, allowing the Committee discretion
• Shares vest in three years’ time subject
to performance targets being met.
to scale back awards prior to the satisfaction of awards.
• The vesting matrix and targets for awards to
be granted in 2014 based on EPS and ROCE
performance for the three years to 2016/17
is set out below:
EPS growth p.a.
Threshold
Targets
3%
Stretch
15%
45%
Threshold
12%
0%
E
C
O
R
Straight-
line
vesting
between
these
points
Stretch
10%
100%
70%
• At threshold EPS of 3% p.a. and ROCE of 12%,
none of the award will vest.
• The Remuneration Committee reserves the right
to make adjustments to ROCE to take account
of acquisitions or disposals which were not
envisaged when the targets were set but will
only do so when the impact is material.
The CFO, Laurie McIlwee, resigned as Chief Financial Officer and as an Executive Director of Tesco PLC on 4 April 2014. Details of his
leaving arrangements are provided on page 51.
Tesco PLC Annual Report and Financial Statements 2014
43
Other informationGovernanceFinancial statementsStrategic report
Directors’ remuneration report continued
Annual remuneration report
How do performance measures link to strategy?
The balance of short-term performance measures is illustrated in the chart below:
Short-term performance
Performance measure
Link to strategy
Profitability (50% of short-term)
• Trading profit
Strategic financial performance
(26% of short-term)
• Group internet sales (10%)
• UK like-for-like sales (8%)
• Group working capital (8%)
Strategic non-financial performance
(24% of short-term)
• Group customer service (8%)
• Group colleague engagement (8%)
• Group CO2 reduction (8%)
The profit measure incentivises the delivery of our strategy by encouraging the creation of shareholder value through
bottom-line financial results. Trading profit is used as it is widely understood throughout the business, and does not
include property profits. This reflects our fundamentally different approach to space going forward.
The selected strategic financial measures allow for the Company to more specifically incentivise the delivery of key
elements of our strategy.
Establishing multichannel leadership is an important and exciting dimension of our strategy and continues to be a key
focus for 2014/15.
Another key priority for 2014/15 is delivering on our commitments to continue to invest in a strong UK business.
A focus on improving like-for-like performance will support this.
A working capital metric is included to focus Executives on the effective management of stock, cash and suppliers.
At Tesco we believe that a focus on the enablers of business performance will help us build a much more successful,
sustainable business for the long term which will ultimately yield financial returns for all stakeholders.
The Committee therefore decided it remained important to focus the annual bonus framework on:
• Improving our service to our customers.
• Improving the engagement of all of our colleagues – if our colleagues smile, our customers smile too.
• Being a business that puts back into our community.
Group customer service and Group colleague engagement is objectively measured through our management Steering
Wheel which ensures that we manage in a balanced way across our business.
Balance of measures for short-term bonus (%)
Profitability
Strategic financial
Strategic non-financial
50%
24%
26%
Bonus targets are considered by the Board to be commercially sensitive as they would give away details of our budgeting to our
competitors. We therefore do not publish the details of targets. However, targets are considered to be measurable and appropriately
stretching. If they are achieved the Committee considers that value will have been added for shareholders.
The Committee will provide an explanation of the rationale for the level of any bonus paid in the 2014/15 Directors’ Remuneration
Report including details of where performance fell within the target range to ensure transparency for shareholders regarding the level
of reward paid in the context of performance delivered. The Committee will disclose performance targets when they are no longer
considered to be commercially sensitive.
Long-term performance
Performance measure
Link to strategy
Earnings per share and return on capital
employed (matrix)
The ultimate goal of our strategy is to provide long-term sustainable returns for all of our shareholders. Tesco believes
that the best way to deliver enhanced value is to grow earnings over the long term while maintaining a sustainable level
of return on capital employed – in other words to keep growing the size of the business in an efficient way.
2014 Performance Share Plan awards will continue to be subject to performance against a matrix of stretching earnings
growth targets and sustainable return on capital performance. The Committee believes that this combination of EPS
growth and ROCE performance is strongly aligned with our strategic objectives and also reflects the drivers of
long-term shareholder value.
Performance targets are outlined in the table on page 43 and are unchanged from the 2013 awards.
44
Tesco PLC Annual Report and Financial Statements 2014
What did we pay Executive Directors in 2013/14?
The table below provides a ‘single figure’ of remuneration. Where necessary, further explanations of the values provided are included below.
This table and the relevant explanation has been audited.
Single total figure of remuneration – Executive Directors
Philip Clarke
2013/14
2012/13
Laurie Mcllwee3
2013/14
2012/13
Salary
£000
1,136
1,114
880
863
Benefits1
£000
Short-term bonus
£000
Long-term incentives
£000
Pension2
£000
107
166
119
142
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
391
0
537
360
Total
£000
1,634
1,280
1,536
1,365
1
2
Benefits include car benefits (for 2013/14 Philip Clarke – £45k, Laurie McIlwee – £33k), drivers (for 2013/14 Philip Clarke – £27k, Laurie McIlwee – £31k), security
(for 2013/14 Philip Clarke – £13k, Laurie McIlwee – £29k), taxable travel, disability and health insurance, membership at clubs, Shares in Success awarded under
the all-employee Share Incentive Plan and the value of the discount for shares awarded under the Sharesave during the year. Philip Clarke’s benefits for 2012/13
now include fuel costs which were not known when the report was published. The benefit costs shown have been grossed up for tax.
Pension is calculated as the difference between the end of year defined benefit accrued pension and the beginning of year accrued pension increased by the
September CPI in the preceding tax year, multiplied by a factor of 20. The pension figure for 2012/13 has been set to nil where the increase in pension earned over
the year was lower than the CPI increase to the pension built up at the beginning of the year.
3 Laurie McIlwee resigned and ceased to be a director on 4 April 2014. Details of his leaving arrangements are provided on page 51.
Short-term bonus 2013/14
This table has been audited.
Performance measures
Maximum opportunity
2013/14 payout
50% based on profitability
• Trading profit performance
• CEO – maximum bonus opportunity
0% payout
of 250% of base salary
• CFO – maximum bonus opportunity
of 200% of base salary
26% based on strategic financial performance
24% based on strategic non-financial
performance
• Group internet sales (10%)
• UK like-for-like sales growth (8%)
• Group working capital (8%)
• Group customer service (8%)
• Group colleague engagement (8%)
• Group CO2 reduction – 8%
The following illustrates performance against targets:
Measures
Performance
Below
Threshold
Target
Stretch
Profitability
Trading profit (50%)
Strategic financial
Group internet sales (10%)
UK like-for-like sales growth (8%)
Group working capital (8%)
Strategic non-financial
Group customer service (8%)
■
■
Group colleague engagement (8%)
Group CO2 reduction (8%)
■
■
■
■
■
The business has made good progress this year against our key strategic objectives designed to strengthen our underlying business.
We have increased internet sales by 15% reflecting our focus on our multichannel strategy. We are getting better feedback from
customers and colleagues and have significantly reduced the level of CO2 used across the Group. Despite this progress the bonus
profit underpin was not met and therefore the Executive Directors will not receive a bonus in respect of 2013/14.
Bonus targets are considered by the Board to be commercially sensitive. We have therefore not published the details of targets.
Tesco PLC Annual Report and Financial Statements 2014
45
Other informationGovernanceFinancial statementsStrategic report
Directors’ remuneration report continued
Annual remuneration report
Long-term incentives
Vesting of 2011/12 to 2013/14 awards
Awards granted in 2011 which were subject to performance to the end of 2013/14 were the first cycle of awards under the current
long-term incentive framework to vest under which awards were made entirely in performance shares (rather than a mix of performance
shares and market value share options). Performance targets for these awards were set as a matrix of stretching earnings growth and
sustainable return on capital employed targets.
This table has been audited.
Performance targets
Award level
2013/14 payout
% of initial awards vesting were subject to the following performance targets:
EPS growth p.a.
Threshold
Target
Stretch
7%
10%
12%
E
C
O
R
Stretch
14·6%
Threshold
13·6%
45%
75%
100%
20%
60%
85%
• CEO – 275% of base salary.
• CFO – 225% of base salary.
• The increase in underlying
diluted EPS over the three years
from 2011/12 to 2013/14 was
below threshold.
• ROCE performance for 2013/14
was below threshold.
• Performance against these targets
has led to a payout of 0%.
• EPS growth is assessed based on the growth in underlying diluted EPS p.a. over the 2011/12 to 2013/14 financial years.
• ROCE performance is assessed based on ROCE in 2013/14.
• The Remuneration Committee reserves the right to make adjustments to performance measures to take into account acquisitions or disposals,
but will only do so when the impact is material. No such discretion was applied in respect of 2011 awards which were subject to performance in 2013/14.
Awards granted in 2011 will therefore lapse in July 2014.
Information regarding remuneration outcomes for 2012/13 is set out in the 2012/13 Directors’ Remuneration Report.
Aligning pay with performance
The following charts illustrate performance at Tesco against key performance indicators over the past five years. 2012/13 financial
information has been restated for retrospective changes to an accounting standard (IAS 19), a change in definition to underlying profit
and to exclude China which is now treated as a discontinued operation. See notes to the accounts for more information.
The FTSE 100 index has been selected to compare Tesco’s TSR against as it is a broad market index of which Tesco is a constituent.
Underlying diluted earnings per share – continuing
operations (p)
45
Underlying profit before tax – continuing operations
(£million)
4,500
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
09/10
10/11
11/12
12/13
13/14
Return on capital employed (‘ROCE’)
− continuing operations
(%)
16.0
14.0
12.0
10.0
8.0
6.0
4.0
2.0
0.0
4,000
3,500
3,000
2,500
2,000
1,500
1,000
500
0
09/10
10/11
11/12
12/13
13/14
Total shareholder return
(%)
9
0
0
2
h
c
r
a
M
2
d
e
t
s
e
v
n
i
0
0
1
£
f
o
e
u
a
V
l
240
220
200
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
Tesco
FTSE 100
09/10
10/11
11/12
12/13
13/14
Feb 09
Feb 10
Feb 11
Feb 12
Feb 13
Feb 14
46
Tesco PLC Annual Report and Financial Statements 2014
The table below lays out the historical single figure data for the role of CEO as well as bonus and long-term incentive payout levels as a
percentage of maximum opportunity for the CEO.
Five year remuneration history
2009/10
2010/11
2011/121
2012/13
2013/14
Sir Terry Leahy
Sir Terry Leahy
Philip Clarke
Philip Clarke
Philip Clarke
CEO single figure of remuneration
Annual bonus vesting (% of maximum award)
PSP vesting (% of maximum award)
Share option vesting (% of maximum award)
7,1002
89%
82.7%
100%
7,150
75%
75%
100%
4,595
0%
46.5%
100%
1,280
1,634
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
n/a
1 The CEO elected not to take a bonus for 2011/12. Other Executive Directors received a bonus of 13.54% of maximum.
2
Includes additional shares earned under the legacy bonus scheme.
In each year the award is shown based on the final year of the performance period, i.e. the year in which it is included in the single figure.
The following charts illustrate remuneration arrangements paid to Executive Directors over the last five years:
Philip Clarke
(£million)
Laurie McIlwee
(£million)
5.0
4.5
4.0
3.5
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
£4.6m
£3.8m
£3.4m
£1.6m
£1.3m
09/10
10/11
11/12
12/13
13/14
Executive Director
CEO
5.0
4.5
4.0
3.5
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
£3.6m
£3.3m
£2.5m
£1.4m
£1.5m
PSP (value on
vesting date)
Annual bonus –
deferred shares awarded
Annual bonus – cash
Benefits*
Pension
Base salary
09/10
10/11
11/12
12/13
13/14
* Benefits includes car, fuel and driver, security, taxable travel, medical insurance, membership at clubs, Shares in Success and Sharesave awards.
Philip Clarke was promoted to the role of CEO with effect from 1 March 2011 and therefore the value of his pension for 2011/12
increased to reflect his new salary in relation to the role of CEO.
Laurie McIlwee was promoted to the role of CFO with effect from 27 January 2009 and therefore the value of his pension for 2009/10
increased to reflect his new salary in relation to the role of CFO. Laurie McIlwee resigned from the role of CFO on 4 April 2014.
Tesco PLC Annual Report and Financial Statements 2014
47
Other informationGovernanceFinancial statementsStrategic report
Directors’ remuneration report continued
Annual remuneration report
Shareholding guidelines and share ownership
Share ownership guidelines
• Four times base salary for the CEO
• Three times base salary for the CFO
• The purpose is to create alignment with the interests
of shareholders
• This requirement is at the upper end of typical market
practice for similar-sized companies
The Remuneration Committee believes that a significant shareholding by Executive Directors aligns their interests with shareholders and
demonstrates their ongoing commitment to the business.
Policy for calculating shareholding
• Shares included – Shares held outright will be included in the calculation of shareholding guidelines as will shares held by an
Executive’s spouse. Shares held in plans which are not subject to forfeiture will be included (on a net of tax basis) for the purposes of
calculating Executive Directors’ shareholdings. Vested but unexercised market value share options are not included in the calculation.
• Five years for new appointees to build shareholdings – New appointees will be expected to achieve this minimum level of shareholding
within five years of appointment. When the shareholding guidelines were increased in 2011, Executives were given a period of five years
to meet this enhanced requirement and therefore should meet the requirement by June 2016.
• PSP participation may be subject to maintaining holding – Full participation in the long-term Performance Share Plan will
generally be conditional upon maintaining the minimum shareholding.
• Holding of 50% of vesting awards until requirement met – Where an Executive Director does not meet the shareholding
requirement they will be required to hold, and not dispose of, at least 50% of the net number of shares which vest under incentive
arrangements until they meet this requirement.
Given the importance of owning shares, the Executive Committee and over 100 other senior managers are also required to build a
holding of Tesco shares.
The chart below illustrates the value of Executive Directors’ shareholdings, based on the three-month average share price to
22 February 2014 of 330.3p per share compared to the shareholding guideline.
Laurie McIIwee
Philip Clarke
1.0
0
£million
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
8.0
Shares and unexercised
vested PSP awards
EIP shares
(vested and unvested)
Shareholding guideline
Shares held by Executive Directors at 22 February 2014
This table has been audited.
Shareholding
guideline
(% of salary)
Shareholding
guideline
(number of
shares)
Director
Philip Clarke
400%
1,386,673
Laurie Mcllwee
300%
805,136
Number / value
of shares
counted
towards
shareholding
guideline1
2,288,591
£7.56m
(6.6x salary)
344,756
£1.14m
(1.3x salary)
Interests in share
incentive schemes,
that are subject
to no further
performance
conditions at 22
February 20143
Interest in
market value
and Sharesave
share options
at 22 February
20144
Interests in
share incentive
schemes,
subject to
performance
conditions,
at 22 February
20145
Ordinary Shares
23 February
20132
Ordinary
Shares held
at 22 February
20142
Guideline
met?
Yes
1,832,038
893,874
1,909,112
2,737,611
1,829,467
No
81,219
517,851
498,140
1,734,605
76,390
1 Based on a three-month average share price to 22 February 2014 of 330.3p.
2
Includes shares held under the all-employee Share Incentive Plan and shares held by connected persons.
Includes vested but unexercised and unvested nil cost options held under the deferred bonus plan as well as vested but unexercised nil cost options under the Performance Share Plan.
Includes awards under the Discretionary Share Option Plan (‘DSOP’) and under the Tesco Sharesave. Options granted under the Sharesave may be granted at up to 20%
discount on the market price at grant. The last awards under the DSOP were granted to Executive Directors in 2010. No further awards will be made under this plan.
Includes unvested awards under the PSP which remain subject to performance.
3
4
5
48
Tesco PLC Annual Report and Financial Statements 2014
Between 22 February 2014 and 24 April 2014 Philip Clarke acquired 71 partnership shares under the all-employee Share Incentive Plan.
There were no other changes in share interests.
Share dealing policy
Tesco has a share dealing policy in place for Executive Directors and for members of the Executive Committee. This policy prevents
Executive Directors and Executive Committee members and their connected persons dealing in shares at times when this would be
prohibited by the UK Listing Authority’s Listing Rules. At all times, Executive Directors and Executive Committee members must seek
advance clearance before dealing in shares on their own behalf or in respect of their connected persons.
Share awards awarded during 2013/14
This table has been audited.
Plan
Type of award
Philip Clarke
Laurie Mcllwee
Performance
Share Plan
Nil cost
options
subject to
performance
Date of
awards
23 July
2013
Number of
shares
Face value1
863,049
£3,148,748
546,662
£1,994,442
Threshold
vesting (%
of scheme
interest)
Maximum
vesting (%
of scheme
interest)
0%
100%
Dividend
shares
awarded in
year
Outstanding
awards at
22 February
2014
12,371
875,420
7,836
554,498
Performance
period
24 February
2013 to
27 February
2016
1
Face value has been calculated using the average mid-market closing share price over the five days preceding the award of 364.84p which was the share price used to
determine the number of shares subject to the award in accordance with the rules.
The percentage of award vesting for awards granted in 2013 is based on EPS growth and ROCE as outlined below:
Targets
Stretch
15%
Threshold
12%
E
C
O
R
Threshold
3%
45%
0%
EPS growth p.a.
Straight-line
vesting between
these points
Stretch
10%
100%
70%
No awards were granted during the year under the deferred bonus plan.
Outstanding share awards subject to performance conditions
Awards granted in previous years which remain subject to performance
Director
Philip Clarke
Laurie Mcllwee
Philip Clarke
Laurie Mcllwee
Date of award
Share price on
award / grant
(pence)
11 July 2011
407.19
30 July 2012
317.10
Outstanding awards
23 February 2013
Dividend shares
awarded in year
Outstanding awards
at 22 February 2014
791,946
501,872
989,162
626,851
36,052
22,847
45,031
28,537
827,998
524,719
1,034,193
655,388
Performance period
27 February 2011
to
22 February 2014
26 February 2012
to
28 February 2015
These awards are granted in the form of nil cost options with an exercise price of 0p. Awards vest on the third anniversary of grant and can
normally be exercised until the tenth anniversary of grant. Following his resignation on 2 April 2014, expiry dates for Laurie Mcllwee’s awards
will be earlier as set out on page 51.
Performance targets for awards granted in 2011 were not met and awards will lapse in July 2014.
The percentage of award vesting for awards granted in 2012 is based on EPS growth p.a. and ROCE, as outlined below:
Targets
Stretch
14·6%
Threshold
13·6%
E
C
O
R
Threshold
5%
45%
20%
EPS growth p.a.
Straight-line
vesting between
these points
Stretch
12%
100%
85%
Tesco PLC Annual Report and Financial Statements 2014
49
Other informationGovernanceFinancial statementsStrategic report
Directors’ remuneration report continued
Annual remuneration report
Outstanding share awards not subject to performance conditions
Share awards held at the year end which are not subject to performance are summarised below. Awards that are not yet exercisable have
been shaded.
These tables have been audited.
Philip Clarke
Date of
award /
grant
Share price
on award /
grant
(pence)
Outstanding
awards 23
February
2013
Shares
awarded /
options
granted
in year1
Shares
released /
options
exercised
in year2
Plan
Discretionary
Share Option
Plan
Savings Related
Option Scheme
(SAYE)
22.04.2005
08.05.2006
08.05.2007
12.05.2008
06.05.2009
07.05.2010
07.11.2007
05.11.2008
11.11.2009
10.11.2010
16.11.2011
07.11.2012
06.11.2013
312.75
318.60
473.75
427.00
338.40
419.80
469.50
360.13
377.56
435.08
403.65
312.88
356.98
Long-term
Performance
Share Plan (PSP)
08.07.2008
15.10.2009
14.10.2010
353.76
374.00
433.90
379,856
404,896
298,844
353,114
467,848
386,850
2,291,408
819
1,077
948
788
824
1,063
5,519
299,839
173,527
318.607
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
931
931
13,649
7,898
–
791,973
21,547
Executive
Incentive Plan
(EIP)
22.06.2010
27.05.2011
388.05
411.75
217,886
163,706
9,918
7,451
381,592
17,369
Laurie McIlwee
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
1,077
–
–
–
–
–
1,077
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Date of
award /
grant
Share price
on award /
grant
(pence)
Outstanding
awards 23
February
2013
Shares
awarded /
options
granted
in year1
Shares
released /
options
exercised
in year2
Plan
Discretionary
Share Option
Plan
Savings Related
Option Scheme
(SAYE)
08.05.2007
12.05.2008
06.05.2009
07.05.2010
07.11.2007
05.11.2008
11.11.2009
10.11.2010
16.11.2011
07.11.2012
06.11.2013
473.75
427.00
338.40
419.80
469.50
360.13
377.56
435.08
403.65
312.88
356.98
Long-term
Performance
Share Plan (PSP)
15.10.2009
14.10.2010
374.00
433.90
Executive
Incentive Plan
(EIP)
22.06.2010
27.05.2011
25.05.2012
388.05
411.75
308.25
77,192
91,335
325,059
290,138
783,724
819
1,077
948
788
824
1,063
5,519
130,144
318,607
448,751
163,414
163,706
38,044
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
931
931
5,923
–
5,923
7,438
7,451
1,731
365,164
16,620
–
–
–
–
–
–
1,077
–
–
–
–
–
1,077
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Awards
lapsed in
year
–
–
–
–
–
386,850
Outstanding
awards at 22
February
2014
379,856
404,896
298,844
353,114
467,848
–
386,850
1,904,558
819
–
–
–
–
–
–
819
–
–
948
788
824
1,063
931
4,554
Exercise
price
(pence)
Date from
which
exercisable
Expiry
date
312.75
318.60
473.75
427.00
338.40
419.80
22.04.2008
08.05.2009
08.05.2010
12.05.2011
06.05.2012
07.05.2013
22.04.2015
08.05.2016
08.05.2017
12.05.2018
06.05.2019
07.05.2020
410.00
311.00
328.00
386.00
364.00
282.00
322.00
01.02.2013
01.02.2014
01.02.2015
01.02.2016
01.02.2017
01.02.2018
01.02.2019
01.08.2013
01.08.2014
01.08.2015
01.08.2016
01.08.2017
01.08.2018
01.08.2019
–
–
318,607
313,488
181,425
–
0.00
0.00
0.00
08.07.2011
15.07.2012
14.07.2013
08.07.2018
15.10.2019
14.10.2020
318,607
494,913
–
–
–
227,804
171,157
398,961
Awards
lapsed in
year
–
–
–
290,138
Outstanding
awards at 22
February
2014
77,192
91,335
325,059
–
290,138
493,586
819
–
–
–
–
–
–
819
–
–
948
788
824
1,063
931
4,554
0.00
0.00
22.05.2013
13.05.2014
22.06.2020
27.05.2021
Exercise
price
(pence)
Date from
which
exercisable
Expiry
date3
473.75
427.00
338.40
419.80
08.05.2010
12.05.2011
06.05.2012
07.05.2013
08.05.2017
12.05.2018
06.05.2019
07.05.2020
410.00
311.00
328.00
386.00
364.00
282.00
322.00
01.02.2013
01.02.2014
01.02.2015
01.02.2016
01.02.2017
01.02.2018
01.02.2019
01.08.2013
01.08.2014
01.08.2015
01.08.2016
01.08.2017
01.08.2018
01.08.2019
–
318,607
136,067
–
0.00
0.00
15.07.2012
14.07.2013
15.10.2019
14.10.2020
318,607
136,067
–
–
–
–
170,852
171,157
39,775
381,784
0.00
0.00
0.00
22.05.2013
13.05.2014
25.05.2015
22.06.2020
27.05.2021
25.05.2022
Includes dividend equivalents added to awards during the year.
1
2 Philip Clarke and Laurie McIlwee exercised their 2008 SAYE options on 3 February 2014 when the market share price was 318.95p.
3 Following his resignation on 4 April 2014, expiry dates for Laurie Mcllwee’s awards will be earlier as set out on page 51.
50
Tesco PLC Annual Report and Financial Statements 2014
Pensions
Philip Clarke and Laurie McIlwee are members of the Tesco PLC Pension Scheme, which provides a pension of up to two-thirds
of base salary on retirement, normally at age 60, dependent on service (final salary scheme).
Each year’s pension earned before 1 June 2012 will be increased with RPI up to a maximum of 5%, and pension earned after
1 June 2012 with CPI up to a maximum of 5%.
Pension accrued before 1 June 2012 and drawn before age 60 will be actuarially reduced to reflect early retirement. Pension accrued
from 1 June 2012 will be actuarially reduced if it is drawn before the age at which a full pension is paid (originally age 62 but subject
to adjustment up or down to reflect unexpected changes in life expectancy).
Since April 2006, following implementation of the regulations contained within the Finance Act 2004, Executive Directors have been eligible to
receive the maximum pension that can be provided from the registered Pension Scheme without incurring additional tax charges. The balance
of any pension entitlement for Executive Directors is delivered through an unfunded retirement benefit scheme (‘SURBS’). The SURBS is secured
by using a fixed and floating charge over a cash deposit in a designated account.
Executive Directors who are members of the final salary scheme are required to contribute 10% of salary.
Details of the rights under the Tesco pension scheme are set out below.
This table has been audited.
(a)
Age at 22
February
2014
(b)
Years of
Company
service
(c)
Total
accrued
pension at
22 February
20141,2
£000
(d)
Increase in
accrued
pension
during the
year3
£000
(e)
Increase in
accrued
pension
during the
year (net of
inflation)4
£000
(f)
Transfer
value of (e)
at 22
February
2014 (less
Director’s
contributions)
£000
(gi)
Transfer
value of total
accrued
pension at
23 February
2013
(old basis)4
£000
(gii)
Transfer
value of total
accrued
pension at
23 February
2013 (new
basis)4
£000
(h)
Transfer
value of
total
accrued
pension
at 22
February
2014
£000
Philip Clarke
Laurie Mcllwee
53
51
39
13
633
360
33
34
17
25
216
307
10,738
9,988
11,482
5,217
4,673
5,669
(i)
Increase
in transfer
value (less
Director’s
contributions)
£000
1,494
996
1
The accrued pension is that which would be paid annually on retirement at 60 (pre-June 2012 service) and from full pension age (post-June 2012 service), based on service
to 22 February 2014.
2 Some of Philip Clarke and Laurie McIlwee’s benefits are payable from an unfunded pension arrangement. This is secured by a fixed and floating charge on a cash deposit.
3 The increase in accrued pension over the year is additional pension accrued during the year.
4 The transfer value basis was updated during the year following a review of the Scheme’s factors.
Inflation over the year has been allowed for using the September 2013 CPI inflation of 2.7%.
Payments to former directors
This information has been audited.
There were no payments made to former Directors which exceeded the de minimis threshold of £10,000 set by the Company.
Following the sale of Fresh & Easy, the award of 2,500,000 shares plus associated dividend equivalents granted in 2007 to the former
CEO, Sir Terry Leahy, under the Group New Business Incentive Plan lapsed on 14 April 2014.
Loss of office payments
This information has been audited.
There were no payments for loss of office during the year.
Leaving arrangements for Laurie McIlwee
Laurie McIlwee resigned as CFO and as an Executive Director of Tesco PLC on 4 April 2014. Laurie remains an employee of Tesco and,
for a period of six months from 4 April 2014, will be employed as CFO Emeritus performing transition activities and supporting handover
with colleagues as we recruit a replacement CFO. During this period, Laurie will continue to receive his salary of £886,420 and will remain
eligible to receive a bonus of up to a maximum of 200% of salary for 2014/15. Any bonus will be based on performance against targets
and will be pro-rated for time in employment.
At the end of this six month period on 3 October 2014 (termination date) Laurie will cease to be employed by Tesco. On termination of
employment, in accordance with the terms of his contract, Laurie will receive a termination payment of £970,800 consisting of 12 months
base salary (£886,420) and benefits (£84,460 consisting of staff discount, private healthcare and health insurance and car and car related
benefits). No additional amount will be paid in respect of pension.
Outstanding deferred share (EIP) awards will continue until the normal vesting date in accordance with the rules of the plan. Laurie will have
12 months from this date to exercise awards. 2011 awards vest on 14 May 2014. The 2012 award will vest on 25 May 2015. No deferred share
award was made in 2013 and no award will be made in 2014. The number of shares subject to each award is set out in the table on page 50.
Tesco PLC Annual Report and Financial Statements 2014
51
Other informationGovernanceFinancial statementsStrategic report
Directors’ remuneration report continued
Annual remuneration report
As described above, 2011 PSP awards are due to lapse on 14 July 2014. PSP awards granted to Laurie in 2012 and 2013 will lapse upon
him leaving the business. Laurie may exercise vested discretionary share option awards granted in 2007, 2008 and 2009 for a period of
12 months from termination, in accordance with the terms of the plan rules. These awards are, however, currently underwater.
The awards granted under the all-employee Sharesave scheme in 2011, 2012 and 2013 will lapse and the awards granted in 2009
and 2010 may be exercised in accordance with the rules of the plan. Shares held under the all-employee Share Incentive Plan will be
transferred to Laurie in accordance with the rules of the plan.
The Company will pay for out-placement services and legal costs in connection with Laurie’s termination of employment up to a
maximum of £50,000 and £5,000 excluding VAT respectively.
Other policy information
Risk management
Risk management is an important part of business process. The Committee considers that Tesco’s processes in this area provide the
necessary controls to prevent inappropriate risk taking. When reviewing remuneration structures the Committee considered whether any
aspect of these might encourage behaviours that are incompatible with our Tesco Values and the long-term interests of shareholders.
If necessary, the Committee would take appropriate steps to address this.
Outside appointments
Tesco recognises that its Executive Directors may be invited to become Non-executive Directors of other companies. Such Non-executive
duties can broaden a Director’s experience and knowledge which can benefit Tesco.
Subject to approval by the Board, Executive Directors are allowed to accept Non-executive appointments, provided that these appointments
are not likely to lead to conflicts of interest, and they may retain the fees received. Currently neither Philip Clarke nor Laurie McIlwee hold any
outside appointments.
Funding of equity awards
Executive incentive arrangements are funded by a mix of newly issued shares and shares purchased in the market. Where shares are
newly issued the Company complies with ABI dilution guidelines on their issue. The current dilution usage of discretionary plans is
c.3.5% of shares in issue. Where shares are purchased in the market, these may be held by Tesco Employees Share Schemes Trustees
Limited, in which case the voting rights relating to the shares are exercisable by the trustees in accordance with their fiduciary duties.
At 22 February 2014 the trust held 3,182,335 shares.
Other disclosures
Change in CEO remuneration compared to the change in colleague remuneration
The following table illustrates the change in CEO salary, benefits and bonus between 2012/13 and 2013/14 compared to other UK colleagues.
The Committee decided to use other UK colleagues for the purpose of this disclosure as over half of our colleagues are based in the UK
and the CEO is also predominately based in the UK (albeit with a global role and responsibilities). The Committee therefore considered
that this is an appropriate comparator group given that pay changes across the Group depend on local market conditions.
CEO
UK colleagues
Salary
Benefits
Bonus
2%
2%
-36%
5%
–*
–*
* No bonuses were paid in respect of 2013/14 or 2012/13.
Relative importance of spend on pay
The following chart shows total employee pay compared to
distributions to shareholders.
At Tesco our colleagues are an essential part of how we do
business and how we meet our customer needs. Over the last two
years we have invested in our colleagues, increasing the number
of colleagues in store to improve the offering to our customers.
In 2012/13 we employed an average of 506,856 colleagues
across the Group. This has increased to 510,444 in 2013/14.
Total employee pay includes wages and salaries, social security,
pension and share based costs. (£6,885m in 2012/13 and
£7,271m in 2013/14 – see Note 4 of the accounts on page 83).
£000m
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
5.6%
0.6%
13/14
12/13
Distributions to
shareholders
13/14
12/13
Total employee
pay
Distributions to shareholders includes interim and final dividends paid in respect of each financial year (£1,186m in respect of 2012/13
and £1,193m in respect of 2013/14 – see Note 8 of the accounts on page 88). There were no share buy-backs in 2012/13 or 2013/14.
52
Tesco PLC Annual Report and Financial Statements 2014
Non-executive Director fees and responsibilities
Committee membership in 2013/14
Sir Richard
Broadbent
Mark
Armour
Gareth
Bullock
Patrick
Cescau
Stuart
Chambers
Olivia
Garfield1
Ken
Hanna
Deanna
Oppenheimer2
Jacqueline
Tammenoms Bakker3
º
º
•
º
º
º
Senior Independent Director
Remuneration Committee
Nominations Committee
Audit Committee
Corporate Responsibility
Committee
º
•
•
•
º
x
º
º
º
º
º
x Senior Independent Director
• Committee Chairman
º Committee member
1 Olivia Garfield became a member of the Audit Committee on 1 April 2014.
2 Deanna Oppenheimer became a member of the Remuneration Committee on 1 March 2014.
3 Jacqueline Tammenoms Bakker took over as chair of the Corporate Responsibility Committee on 1 March 2014.
Non-executive Director fee policy for 2014/15
The current Non-executive Directors’ fees are as follows:
Non-executive Director fees
Basic fees
Additional fees
– Senior Independent Director
– Chairs of the Audit and Remuneration Committees
£70,000 p.a.
£26,000 p.a.
£30,000 p.a.
– Membership of Audit, Corporate Responsibility, Nominations and Remuneration Committees
£12,000 p.a. for each committee
Non-executive Director fees are due to be reviewed in July 2014.
Gareth Bullock, Stuart Chambers and Deanna Oppenheimer were appointed to the Board of Tesco Personal Finance Group Limited in July
2012. They are paid a basic fee of £70,000 p.a. for this role and an additional fee for Committee membership of £12,000 p.a. in line with other
members of the Board of Tesco Personal Finance Group Limited. Stuart Chambers stepped down from the Board of Tesco Personal Finance
Group Limited on 4 February 2014.
Chairman fees
Sir Richard Broadbent’s fee for his role as Non-executive Chairman is £625,000 p.a. and he has the benefit of a company car, driver,
medical insurance and security. This fee was set at the time of his appointment and has not been increased since. He does not receive
additional committee fees.
Fees paid during 2013/14
The table below sets out the fees paid to the Non-executive Directors for the year ending 22 February 2014. As the Non-executive Directors are not
paid a pension and do not participate in any of the Company’s variable incentive schemes, this information is not included in the table below.
This table has been audited.
Single total figure of remuneration – Non-executive Directors
Sir Richard Broadbent
Mark Armour
Gareth Bullock
Patrick Cescau
2013/14
2012/13
2013/14
2012/13
2013/14
2012/13
2013/14
2012/13
Fees
£000
625
625
36
–
164
141
132
132
Benefits
£000
81
70
0
–
1
3
0
0
Total
£000
706
695
36
–
165
144
132
132
Tesco PLC Annual Report and Financial Statements 2014
53
Other informationGovernanceFinancial statementsStrategic report
Directors’ remuneration report continued
Annual remuneration report
Single total figure of remuneration – Non-executive Directors
Stuart Chambers
Olivia Garfield
Ken Hanna
Deanna Oppenheimer
2013/14
2012/13
2013/14
2012/13
2013/14
2012/13
2013/14
2012/13
Jacqueline Tammenoms Bakker
2013/14
2012/13
191
171
62
–
124
112
164
138
94
94
4
6
0
–
2
3
66
180
10
8
195
177
62
–
126
115
230
318
104
102
The figures in this table are from the date of appointment or until the date that each Director ceased to be a Director of Tesco PLC. Deanna Oppenheimer was appointed on
1 March 2012. Olivia Garfield was appointed on 1 April 2013. Mark Armour was appointed on 2 September 2013. The figures in this table include fees paid to Gareth Bullock,
Stuart Chambers and Deanna Oppenheimer in respect of their membership of the Board and Committees of Tesco Personal Finance Group Limited. The Chairman’s benefits
are made up solely of car benefits, driver, security and medical insurance. The Non-executive Directors’ benefits comprise taxable travel and for Deanna Oppenheimer,
2012/13 benefits include travel in relation to her induction on joining Tesco and legal fees in connection with her appointment. The benefit costs shown have been grossed
up for tax.
Beneficial share ownership
There are no shareholding guidelines for the Non-executive Directors. The table below outlines the current interests of the Non-executive
Directors in the Company. Shareholdings include shares held by connected persons.
Director
Sir Richard Broadbent
Mark Armour
Gareth Bullock
Patrick Cescau
Stuart Chambers
Olivia Garfield
Ken Hanna
Deanna Oppenheimer
Jacqueline Tammenoms Bakker
Shares owned outright at 22 February 2014
Shares owned outright at 23 February 2013
63,996
25,000
25,000
18,340
25,000
4,086
25,000
52,500*
16,472
53,996
n/a
0
18,340
25,000
n/a
25,000
52,500*
16,472
* Deanna Oppenheimer holds 17,500 ADRs equivalent to 52,500 ordinary shares.
There were no changes in share interest held by Non-executive Directors between 22 February and 24 April 2014.
Governance
Membership of the Remuneration Committee and attendance at meetings
Membership of the Remuneration
Committee and attendance
at meetings
Stuart Chambers (Committee Chairman)
Sir Richard Broadbent
Ken Hanna
Jacqueline Tammenoms Bakker
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
Number of possible meetings
Actual meetings attended
Deanna Oppenheimer joined the Committee with effect from 1 March 2014.
The Committee also convenes on an ad hoc basis between formal meetings when necessary. The Directors’ biographies can be
found on pages 26 and 27 of this report. No member of the Committee has any personal financial interest in the matters being
decided, other than as a shareholder, nor any day-to-day involvement in running the business of Tesco.
54
Tesco PLC Annual Report and Financial Statements 2014
Role of the Remuneration
Committee
The Committee’s key responsibilities are:
• To determine and recommend to the Board the remuneration policy for Executive Directors and the Chairman.
• To ensure the level and structure of remuneration is designed to attract, retain, and motivate the Executive Directors needed
to run the Company while remaining appropriate in the context of the remuneration arrangements throughout the Group.
• To ensure that the structure of remuneration arrangements is aligned with the creation of sustainable returns for shareholders
and that the level of reward received by Executives reflects the value delivered for shareholders.
• As required by the Financial Conduct Authority (‘FCA’), Tesco Bank has a separate independent remuneration committee.
The Group Remuneration Committee is consulted on, and makes recommendations in relation to the remuneration
arrangements for Tesco Bank colleagues, with the aim of encouraging consistency with Group remuneration policy, but it
does not make decisions in relation to, or direct, how remuneration is managed within Tesco Bank.
The Committee’s terms of reference are available from the Company Secretary upon request or can be viewed at www.tescoplc.com.
Remuneration Committee activities 2013/14
The following provides a summary of the key areas of focus at each of the Committee’s meetings during the year and shortly following
the end of the financial year:
April 2013
July 2013
September 2013
February 2014
• Agree reward outcomes
• Approve targets
• Approve the DRR
• AGM preparation
• Consider shareholder
feedback
• Review base salaries
• Review Chairman’s fees
• Report from Tesco Bank
Remuneration Committee
• Review below Board reward
• Review market trends
• Remuneration strategy
• Review performance
• Remuneration strategy
• Review the DRR
• Committee effectiveness
review
April 2014
(following year end)
• Agree reward outcomes
• Approve targets
• Approve the DRR
• AGM preparation
Committee advisors
Remuneration Committee advisors are appointed by the Committee following a selection process and their roles are kept under review.
During the year, Deloitte LLP have been retained by the Committee in their capacity as independent Remuneration Committee Advisors.
Fees for advice provided to the Remuneration Committee for the year were £151,646. Fees are charged on a time and materials basis.
Deloitte also provided advice to management in relation to the interpretation of the Remuneration Reporting Regulations, below board
remuneration and implementation of share plans. Separate teams within Deloitte provided unrelated advisory services in respect of
corporate tax planning, technology consulting, risk management, share schemes, international taxation, corporate finance and treasury
to the Group during the year.
Deloitte is one of the founding members of the Remuneration Consultants Code of Conduct and adheres to this Code in its dealings
with the Committee. The Committee is satisfied that the advice provided by Deloitte is objective and independent. The Committee is
comfortable that the Deloitte LLP engagement partner and team, that provide remuneration advice to the Committee, do not have
connections with Tesco PLC that may impair their independence. The Committee reviewed the potential for conflicts of interest and
judged that there were appropriate safeguards against such conflicts.
Towers Watson also provided the Committee with benchmarking information during the year and fees on a time spent basis for this
were £32,700.
Jonathan Lloyd, the Company Secretary, is Secretary to the Committee. Philip Clarke (Chief Executive of the Group) and the Group
CFO attend meetings at the invitation of the Committee. They are not present when their own remuneration is being discussed.
The Committee is supported by Alison Homer (Group Personnel Director), Drew Matthews (Group Remuneration Director) and
Corporate Secretariat and Finance functions.
Compliance
In carrying out its duties, the Remuneration Committee gives full consideration to best practice. The Committee was constituted and
operated throughout the period in accordance with the principles outlined in the Listing Rules of the Financial Conduct Authority derived
from the UK Corporate Governance Code. The auditors’ report, set out on pages 65 to 68, covers the disclosures referred to in this report
that are specified for audit by the Financial Conduct Authority.
The report has been drawn up in accordance with the UK Corporate Governance Code, Schedule 8 of the Large and Medium-sized Companies
and Groups (Accounts and Reports) Regulations 2008 (as updated in 2013) and the Financial Conduct Authority Listing Rules.
Shareholder voting
Tesco remains committed to ongoing shareholder dialogue and carefully reviews voting outcomes on remuneration matters. In the event
of a substantial vote against a resolution in relation to Directors’ remuneration, Tesco would seek to understand the reasons for any such
vote, and would detail any actions in response to it in the Directors’ Remuneration Report.
The following table sets out actual voting in respect of our remuneration report in 2013.
% of votes
2012/13 Directors’ Remuneration Report (2013 AGM)
124,199,537 votes were withheld (1.54% of share capital).
For
95.2%
Against
4.8%
Tesco PLC Annual Report and Financial Statements 2014
55
Other informationGovernanceFinancial statementsStrategic report
Directors’ remuneration report continued
2013/14 Policy Report
Policy table
The following sets out our Directors’ Remuneration Policy (the ‘Policy’). This Policy will be put forward for shareholder approval at the
2014 AGM on 27 June 2014 and will apply to payments made from this date.
Further details regarding the operation of the Policy for the 2014/15 financial year can be found on pages 43 to 44 of this report.
Policy table
Element
Base salary
Purpose and link
to strategy
• The role of base salary
is to support the
recruitment and
retention of Executive
Directors of the calibre
required to develop and
deliver the strategy.
• Base salary provides
fixed remuneration for
the role, which reflects
the size and scope of
the Executive Directors’
responsibilities and
their experience.
Pension
d
e
x
i
F
• To provide a market-
leading retirement
benefit that will foster
loyalty and retain
experienced Executive
Directors, which
supports our culture of
developing talent
internally.
• A key incentive and
retention tool
throughout the
organisation.
Benefits
• To provide a market-
competitive level of
benefits for our
Executive Directors.
Operation
Maximum opportunity
Performance measures
• The Committee sets base salary taking
• While there is no maximum salary,
n/a
increases will normally be in line with
the typical level of increase awarded
to other employees in the Group.
• However, increases may be above this
level in certain circumstances such as:
– Where a new Executive Director
has been appointed to the Board at
a lower than typical market salary
to allow for growth in the role then
larger increases may be awarded to
move salary positioning closer to
typical market level as the
Executive gains experience.
– Where an Executive Director has
been promoted or has had a
change in responsibilities, salary
increases in excess of the above
limit may be awarded.
– Where there has been a significant
change in market practice.
• For details of salary levels from
1 July 2013 see page 43 of the
Annual Remuneration Report.
n/a
• Up to two-thirds of base salary
at retirement with a minimum
10% of salary per annum
employee contribution.
• In the event that an Executive
Director retires early there will be no
augmentation of pension benefits.
n/a
• The overall level of benefits will
depend on the cost of providing
individual items and the individual’s
circumstances and therefore there
is no maximum level of benefit.
• When determining the level of
benefits the Committee will
consider the factors outlined in
the ‘Operation’ column.
into account:
– The individual’s skills and
experience and their performance.
– Salary levels at leading FTSE
companies and other large consumer
business companies in the UK
and internationally.
– Pay and conditions elsewhere in
the Group.
• Base salary is normally reviewed
annually with changes effective from
1 July but may be reviewed more
frequently if the Committee determines
this is appropriate.
• The CEO participates in a defined
benefit pension plan.
• This is provided through registered
arrangements up to approved HMRC limits,
with the remainder provided through a
secured unfunded arrangement.
• The Committee may determine that
alternative pension provisions will operate
for new appointments to the Board. When
determining pension arrangements for new
appointments the Board will give regard to
the cost of the arrangements, market
practice and the pension arrangements
received elsewhere in the Group.
• The Committee policy is to set benefit
provision at an appropriate market
competitive level taking into account the
individual’s home jurisdiction, the
jurisdiction in which the individual is based,
typical practice and the level of benefits
provided for other employees in the Group.
• Core benefits – Benefits currently include
but are not limited to a company car or car
allowance, fuel, private use of a chauffeur,
life assurance, disability and health
insurance (for the Executive Director and
his family), health screening, Directors’
and Officers’ liability insurance and
provision of indemnity, security, club
membership and staff discount on the
same basis as other employees.
• The Committee may remove benefits that
Executive Directors receive or introduce
other benefits if it is considered
appropriate to do so.
• Executive Directors shall be reimbursed
for all reasonable expenses and the
Company may settle any tax incurred
in relation to these.
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Tesco PLC Annual Report and Financial Statements 2014
Operation
Maximum opportunity
Performance measures
Policy table
Element
Benefits
continued
Purpose and link
to strategy
d
e
x
i
F
l
y
a
p
d
e
t
a
e
r
e
c
n
a
m
r
o
f
r
e
P
Annual bonus
• The role of the annual
bonus is to incentivise
Executive Directors
to deliver our annual
financial and
strategic goals.
• The performance
measures have been
selected as they are
considered to be closely
aligned to the delivery of
our strategy, building a
stronger underlying
business and long-term
shareholder value creation.
• Deferral into Company
shares provides
alignment with
shareholders.
• The malus provision
enables the Company
to mitigate risk
(see page 58).
• All-employee share plans – Executive
Directors are eligible to participate in the
Company’s all-employee share schemes
on the same terms as UK colleagues.
• Mobility policy – Where an Executive
Director is required to relocate to perform
their role our policy is that they may be
offered some or all of the following: a
relocation allowance, location allowance,
cost of living allowance, disturbance
allowance, housing benefit, flight budget,
assistance with school fees, international
family heathcare, pension allowance,
spousal allowance and tax advice, assistance
and equalisation. The level of such benefits
would be determined based on the
circumstances of the individual and
typical market practice.
• The annual bonus is normally delivered:
• Maximum annual bonus opportunity
of 250% of base salary.
• For details of award levels for
2014/15 see page 43 of the Annual
Remuneration Report.
– 50% in cash.
– 50% in shares which are deferred.
• Awards will be calculated based on a
percentage of base salary and the market
share price at grant in accordance with
the rules.
• The Committee may determine that a
different balance of cash and deferred
shares may apply.
• Performance is assessed over a
financial year.
• The Committee determines the level of
bonus taking into account performance
against targets and the underlying
performance of the business.
• The deferred shares will normally vest
after three years (or an alternative period
determined by the Committee).
• Deferred shares are normally awarded in
the form of nil cost options but may be
awarded in other forms (such as
conditional share awards or forfeitable
shares). Vested nil cost options may
normally be exercised until the tenth
anniversary of the date of grant.
• The maximum annual award
that can be granted under the
PSP is 350% of base salary.
• For details of award levels for
2014/15 see page 43 of the
Annual Remuneration Report.
Performance
Share Plan
• The role of the PSP
• Awards normally vest based on
is to reward Executive
Directors for achieving
Tesco’s long-term strategy
and creating sustainable
shareholder value.
• To enhance shareholder
value by motivating
Executives to grow
earnings over the long
term while maintaining
a sustainable level of
capital efficiency.
• To align the economic
interests of Executive
Directors and
shareholders.
• To act as a retention tool.
• The malus provision
enables the Company
to mitigate risk
(see page 58).
performance over a period of not less
than three years (unless the Committee
determines otherwise).
• Awards will be calculated based on a
percentage of base salary and the market
share price at grant in accordance with
the rules.
• The Committee has the discretion to amend
the final vesting level if it does not consider
that it reflects the underlying performance
of the Company.
• PSP awards are normally awarded in
the form of nil cost options over shares
but may be awarded in other forms
(such as conditional share awards or
forfeitable shares). Vested nil cost options
may normally be exercised until the tenth
anniversary of the date at grant.
• The annual bonus is based
on a mix of financial and
strategic performance
measures. At least 70%
of the bonus will be based
on financial performance.
• Any portion of the bonus
based on non-financial
measures will be subject to
meeting a financial underpin.
• The Committee determines
the exact metrics each year
depending on the key goals
for the forthcoming year.
• Normally around 30% of
the bonus is paid for
threshold performance,
around 50% of the bonus
is paid if target levels
of performance are
delivered with the full
bonus being paid for
delivering stretching levels
of performance. These
vesting levels may vary
each year depending on the
stretch of targets set.
• The Committee sets bonus
targets each year to ensure
that they are appropriately
stretching in the context of
the business plan.
• Awards vest based
on an earnings and
a capital efficiency
performance measure
(the satisfaction of which
is determined by the
Committee).
• For threshold levels of
performance 0% of the
award vests, increasing
to 100% of the award for
stretching performance.
• The Committee sets targets
each year so that targets are
stretching and represent
value creation for
shareholders while
remaining motivational
for management.
Tesco PLC Annual Report and Financial Statements 2014
57
Other informationGovernanceFinancial statementsStrategic report
Directors’ remuneration report continued
2013/14 Policy Report
Information supporting the policy table
Tesco also operates shareholding guidelines. See page 48
of the Annual Remuneration Report for further details.
Awards may incorporate the right (in cash or shares) to receive
the value of dividends between grant and exercise in respect
of the number of shares that vest. The calculation of dividend
equivalents may assume reinvestment of those dividends in
Company shares on a cumulative basis.
The Committee has the discretion to scale back deferred share
awards and performance share awards prior to the satisfaction
of awards in the event that results are materially misstated or the
participant has contributed to serious reputational damage of the
Company or one of its business units or his conduct has amounted
to serious misconduct, fraud or misstatement. Other elements
of remuneration are not subject to clawback or malus.
If the Committee considers it to be appropriate, it may determine
that share awards may be settled in cash.
The Committee may amend the terms of awards or the rules
of share plans within the scope defined in the rules of the plans.
For share awards, in the event of a variation of the Company’s
share capital or a demerger, delisting, special dividend, rights issue
or other event, which may, in the Remuneration Committee’s
opinion affect the current or future value of awards, the number
of shares subject to an award may be adjusted.
The Committee may amend performance targets in accordance
with the terms of an award or if a transaction occurs which causes
the Committee to consider (taking into account the interest of
shareholders) that an amended performance condition would be
more appropriate and would continue to achieve the original purpose.
The Committee reserves the right to make any remuneration
payments and payments for loss of office (including exercising
any discretions available to it in connection with such payments)
notwithstanding that they are not in line with the Policy set out in
this report where the terms of the payment were agreed (i) before
the policy came into effect or (ii) at a time when the relevant
individual was not a Director of the Company and, in the opinion
of the Committee, the payment was not in consideration for
the individual becoming a Director of the Company. For these
purposes ‘payments’ includes the Committee satisfying awards
of variable remuneration, and an award over shares is ‘agreed’
at the time the award is granted.
The Committee may make minor changes to this Policy for
regulatory, exchange control, tax or administrative purposes
or to take account of a change in legislation without seeking
shareholder approval for that amendment.
Prior to 2011 Executive Directors were granted market value
options under the Company’s 2004 Discretionary Share Option
plan. Outstanding awards are no longer subject to performance
and may be exercised until the 10th anniversary of the date of
award. No further awards will be made under this plan.
Selection of performance measures
Annual bonus
The annual bonus performance measures have been selected
to provide an appropriate balance between incentivising Executive
Directors to meet financial targets for the year and incentivising
them to achieve specific strategic objectives. This allows
the Company to more specifically incentivise the delivery
of key elements of our strategy. The particular bonus metrics
are selected by the Committee each year to ensure that Executive
Directors are appropriately focused on the key objectives for the
next 12 months.
Performance share plan
The ultimate goal of our strategy is to provide long-term sustainable
returns for all of our shareholders. Tesco believes that the best way
to deliver enhanced value is to grow earnings over the long term
while maintaining a sustainable level of capital efficiency – in other
words to keep growing the size of the business in an efficient way.
The measures used in the PSP reflect this.
Performance targets for both the annual bonus and Performance
Share Plan are set taking into account internal budget forecasts,
external expectations and the need to ensure that targets
remain motivational.
Remuneration arrangements throughout the Group
Remuneration arrangements are determined throughout the
Group based on the same principle; that reward should be
sufficient to attract and retain high calibre talent without paying
more than is necessary and that reward should support the delivery
of the business strategy.
Tesco is one of the largest public company employers in the world.
Our colleagues undertake a variety of roles reflecting the countries
we operate in and the range of skills we need to run our various
businesses (from stores to banking to telecoms). Reward packages
therefore differ taking into account location, seniority and level of
responsibility but they are all built around the common reward
objectives and principles outlined above. The following is based
on current practice which may change during the life of the policy.
• Annual bonus – Annual bonuses throughout the Group are
linked to local business performance, Group success and,
where appropriate, individual contribution in a structure
that is consistent with the Executive Directors’ annual bonus
with a focus on financial and strategic measures.
• Share incentives – Currently our 5,000 strong management
team across the Group participates in share incentives to create
alignment with shareholder interests. The management team
also receives some of their bonus in Tesco shares deferred for
a period of two or three years.
• Pensions – Pensions across the Group vary widely according
to local market practice. In the UK all Tesco colleagues
currently have the opportunity to participate in a career average
defined benefit scheme up to tax approved limits. This benefit
is unique in comparison with our key retail peers.
• Colleagues as shareholders – It is an important part of the
Tesco Values that all colleagues, not just management, have
the opportunity to become Tesco shareholders. Over 200,000
of our colleagues participate in our all-employee schemes and
hold over 119 million shares in our Share Incentive Plan and
over 127 million options over shares in our Sharesave scheme.
When determining Executive Director remuneration arrangements
the Committee takes into account pay conditions throughout the
Group to ensure that the structure and quantum of Executive
Directors’ pay remains appropriate in this context.
58
Tesco PLC Annual Report and Financial Statements 2014
Remuneration outcomes in different performance
scenarios
Tesco remuneration arrangements have been designed to ensure
that a significant proportion of pay is dependent on the delivery of
short-term and long-term goals that are aligned with our short-term
and long-term strategic objectives and the creation of shareholder
value. The Committee considers the level of remuneration that
may payout in different performance scenarios to ensure that this
is considered appropriate in the context of the performance
delivered and the value added for shareholders. The charts below
show hypothetical values of the remuneration package for Executive
Directors under three assumed performance scenarios:
Maximum award opportunities (% of salary)
CEO
250%
275%
Annual bonus
PSP
CEO
(£million)
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
£7.7m
41%
37%
£4.6m
34%
31%
£1.6m
100%
35%
22%
Threshold
Target
Maximum
Fixed pay
Annual bonus
Long-term incentive
Minimum
• No bonus payout
• No vesting under the Performance Share Plan
On target performance
• 50% annual bonus payout
• 50% vesting under the Performance Share Plan
Maximum performance
• 100% annual bonus payout
• 100% Performance Share Plan vesting
No share price growth or the payment of dividend equivalents
has been assumed. Potential benefits under all-employee share
schemes have not been included.
Fixed pay is based on current values as set out in the table below.
Remuneration policy for new hires
The Committee would generally seek to align the remuneration
package offered to new executives with our remuneration policy
outlined in the table above. When determining appropriate
remuneration arrangements the Committee will take into account
all relevant factors including the experience and calibre of the
candidate, the candidate’s current reward opportunity, and the
jurisdiction the candidate was recruited from.
In respect of an Executive Director’s appointment the Committee
may offer variable remuneration arrangements that it considers
appropriate and necessary to recruit and retain the individual
(subject to the maximum variable limit outlined below).
Variable remuneration awarded in respect of an Executive Director’s
appointment shall be limited to the current aggregate annual and
PSP award policy of 600% of base salary. This limit includes awards
granted under the normal policy outlined above but excluding any
awards made to compensate the Executive Director for awards
forfeited from their previous employer.
The Committee may make awards when appointing an Executive
Director to ‘buy out’ remuneration terms forfeited on leaving a
previous employer. In doing so the Committee will take account
of relevant factors including any performance conditions attached
to these awards, the form in which they were granted (e.g. cash
or shares) and the time over which they would have vested.
The Committee’s key principle is that generally buy-out awards
will be made on a comparable basis to those forfeited.
To facilitate buy-out awards outlined above, in the event of
recruitment, the Committee may grant awards to a new Executive
Director under the Listing Rule 9.4.2 which allows for the granting
of awards, to facilitate, in unusual circumstances, the recruitment
of an Executive Director, or under other relevant company
incentive plans.
In the event that an internal candidate was promoted to the Board
legacy terms and conditions would normally be honoured, including
pension entitlements and any outstanding incentive awards.
In the event of the appointment of a new Chairman or Non-executive
Director remuneration arrangements will normally reflect the policy
outlined on page 61 for Chairmen and Non-executive Directors.
Executive Director service contracts and policy on
Executive Directors leaving Tesco
When determining leaving arrangements for an Executive Director
the Committee takes into account any contractual agreements
including the provisions of any incentive arrangements, typical
market practice and the performance and conduct of the individual.
Salary
From 1 July
2013
Benefits
Value for
2013/14
£1,145k
£107k
Pension
Value for
2013/14
£391k
CEO
(Philip
Clarke)
Total fixed pay
The following table summarises our policy in relation to Executive
Director service contracts and payments in the event of loss of office.
£1,643k
Tesco PLC Annual Report and Financial Statements 2014
59
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Directors’ remuneration report continued
2013/14 Policy Report
Provision
Notice period
Expiry date
Current service contracts
• 12 months’ notice by the Company and six months’ notice by the Executive Director.
• For new appointments the Committee reserves the right to vary this period to 24 months for the initial period of appointment
and for the notice period to then revert to 12 months after the initial 12 months of employment.
• Philip Clarke and Laurie McIlwee entered into service agreements with Tesco PLC on 31 May 2011 and 27 January 2009 respectively.
• These are rolling service contracts with no fixed expiry date.
Termination payments (does not apply
if notice is provided, as per the service
agreement, or for termination by
reason of resignation or unacceptable
performance or conduct)
• If the Company terminates a Director’s contract without full notice or it is terminated by an Executive Director in response to a
serious contractual breach by the Company then the Executive has the right to a termination payment to reflect the unexpired
term of the notice.
• For Philip Clarke any termination payment in lieu of notice will be based on base salary and benefits only.
• For Laurie McIlwee his termination payment in lieu of notice is based on base salary, benefits and the average annual bonus
paid for the last two years.
• Our policy for new appointments is that termination payments in lieu of notice will be based on base salary and benefits only.
• Benefits comprise car related benefits, healthcare and health insurance and staff discount.
• No account will be taken of pension when determining termination payments.
• Termination payments will normally be subject to mitigation and paid in instalments to facilitate this (other than for long-serving
Executive Directors or in the event of a change of control of the Company where the termination payment is made in full on departure).
For details of Laurie’s termination payment please see page 51. Where an Executive Director has less than eight years of continuous
service then any termination payment will normally be made in 13 equal four-weekly payments. Where an Executive Director has more
than 15 years’ continuous service then the termination payment is made in full on departure. For periods of continuous service
between eight years and 15 years termination payments will normally be split between initial payments and phased payments.
• Payment in full on termination on change of control arises if company terminates or gives notice within 12 months after
a change of control.
• Where an Executive Director retires from the business they will not normally receive a termination payment.
• The Company’s obligation to continue making phased termination payments will cease when the Executive Director
commences alternative employment.
• In the event of termination an Executive Director may have an entitlement to compensation in respect of statutory rights under
employment protection legislation in the UK and potentially elsewhere.
• The Committee may determine that an Executive Director may remain eligible to receive a pro-rata bonus for the financial year in
respect of the period they remained in employment. The Committee will determine the level of bonus taking into account time in
employment and performance. Where an Executive leaves by reason of death, disability or ill-heath they are entitled to a pro-rata
performance based bonus for the year of leaving.
• In the event that an Executive Director retires from the Company they shall be entitled to retain their private medical cover and annual
medical examinations in retirement. Any Executive Directors appointed from 24 February 2013 will not be entitled to this benefit.
• Under the employment contracts, while in employment Executive Directors are also entitled to sick pay, paid holiday, maternity
and paternity leave.
• Where appropriate the Company will meet an Executive Director’s reasonable legal fees in connection with the termination of
his employment and/or the reasonable cost of out-placement services.
Other information
The service agreements are available to shareholders to view at the Company’s registered office.
Share plan rules – leaver provisions
The treatment of outstanding share awards in the event that an Executive Director leaves is governed by the relevant share plan rules.
The following table summarises leaver provisions under the executive share plans. In specific circumstances the Committee may exercise
its discretion to modify the policy outlined to the extent that the rules of the share plan allow such discretion. The Committee will not
exercise discretion to allow awards to vest where the participant is dismissed for gross misconduct.
Death
‘Good leavers’ as determined by the Committee in accordance with
the plan rules
Leavers in other circumstances
(other than summary dismissal)
Executive
Incentive Plan
2014
(deferred bonus
shares)
Performance
Share Plan 2011
‘Good leavers’ are: injury, ill-heath or disability, redundancy,
retirement, the entity which employs the Executive ceasing to
be part of the group or any other reason determined by the Committee
taking into account the circumstances of departure and performance.
• Unvested awards vest at cessation.
• Normally 12 months to exercise
(if options).
• Unvested awards vest at cessation (Committee discretion to
• Awards normally lapse.
defer vesting to normal vesting date).
• Normally 12 months to exercise (if options).
• Unvested awards normally vest on
• Awards granted in the 12 months prior to leaving normally lapse
death. The level of vesting is
determined by the Committee
taking into account performance
and the time elapsed between grant
and death.
(where more than one award has been made in the 12 month period
in respect of different financial years the most recent award will lapse).
• If a participant leaves holding three unvested awards (in respect of
different financial years) the most recent granted award shall
normally lapse.
• If awards are in the form of options,
• Other unvested awards normally continue until the normal
participants normally have 12
months from vesting (or cessation
for vested options) to exercise or
a longer period as determined by
the Committee of up to 10 years
from grant.
vesting date. The Committee will determine the level of vesting
taking into account performance.
• If awards are in the form of options participants normally have 12
months from vesting (or leaving for vested options) to exercise or
a longer period determined by the Committee of up to 10 years
from grant.
• Unvested awards normally lapse unless
the Committee determines otherwise.
• If awards are in the form of options
participants normally have 12 months
from cessation to exercise vested
options or a longer period as
determined by the Committee
of up to 10 years from grant.
All-employee
share plans
• Leaver provisions under all-employee share plans are as determined in accordance with HMRC approved provisions.
Legacy plans
Deferred shares awarded prior to 2014 were granted under the 2004 Executive Incentive Plan. Under this plan in the event that a participant
leaves for ‘good leaver’ reasons (death, injury, ill-heath, disability, redundancy, retirement, the entity which employs the Executive Director
60
Tesco PLC Annual Report and Financial Statements 2014
ceasing to be part of the group or any other reason determined by the Committee) awards will vest at leaving and participants will normally
have 12 months from cessation to exercise awards in the form of options. If a participant leaves in other circumstances (other than in circumstances
of gross misconduct) awards will normally vest at the normal vesting date and participants will normally have 12 months from vesting to exercise
awards in the form of options. Executive Directors hold vested options under the 2004 Discretionary Share Option Plan. When an Executive Director
leaves they would have 12 months from leaving to exercise options (three years in the case of ‘good leavers’ as set out above).
Other vesting circumstances
Awards may also vest early if:
(i) a participant is transferred to a country, as a result of which the participant will suffer a tax disadvantage or become subject to
restrictions on his award; or
(ii) in the event of a takeover, winding-up or other corporate event affecting the Company, which may affect the value of share awards
(such as a demerger or special dividend).
The number of shares under an award which vest in these circumstances will be determined by the Committee. In the case of the PSP
when determining the level of vesting the Committee will consider performance and the time elapsed since grant. In the case of the
deferred bonus shares (under the 2004 and 2014 EIP) awards will vest in full.
Where an Executive Director leaves as a result of summary dismissal they will forfeit outstanding share incentive awards.
Remuneration policy for Non-executive Directors
Approach to setting fees
Basis of fees
Other items
• Fees for the Non-executive Chairman and
Non-executive Directors are set at an appropriate
level to recruit and retain Directors of a sufficient
calibre to guide and influence Board level decision
making without paying more than is necessary
to do so.
• Non-executive Director fees policy is to pay:
– A basic fee for membership of the Board.
– An additional fee for the Chairman of a Committee
and the Senior Independent Director to take into
account the additional responsibilities and time
commitment of the role.
• Fees are set taking into account the following factors:
– The time commitment required to fulfil the role.
– Typical practice at other companies of a similar
– An additional fee for membership of a Committee
to take into account the additional responsibilities
and time commitment of the role.
size and complexity to Tesco.
• Non-executive Directors’ fees are set by the Board
and the Chairman’s fee is set by the Committee
(the Chairman does not take part in any discussion
about his fees).
• Fees are reviewed by the Board at appropriate
intervals (normally once every two years).
• Fees paid to the Non-executive Chairman and
Non-executive Directors may not exceed the
aggregate limit of £2m set out in the Company’s
articles of association.
• Additional fees may be paid to reflect additional
Board or committee responsibilities as appropriate.
• Non-executive Directors of Tesco PLC may also serve
on the Board of Tesco Personal Finance Group Limited.
Such Non-executive Directors also receive a basic fee
for serving on this Board and additional fees for
Committee membership in line with other members of
this Board. Fees for membership of the Board of Tesco
Personal Finance Group Limited are determined by the
Board of Tesco Personal Finance Group Limited and
are reviewed at appropriate intervals.
• The Non-executive Directors are not entitled
to participate in annual bonus or long-term
incentive arrangements.
• The Non-executive Directors have the benefit of
Directors’ and Officers’ liability insurance and
provision of indemnity and staff discount on the
same basis as other employees. The Board may
introduce additional benefits for Non-executive
Directors if it is considered appropriate to do so.
• The Non-executive Chairman has the benefit of a
company car and driver, home security, staff discount
and healthcare for himself and his partner. The
Committee may introduce additional benefits for
the Chairman if it is considered appropriate to do so.
• The Company reimburses the Chairman and
Non-executive Directors for reasonable expenses
in performing their duties and may settle any tax
incurred in relation to these.
• The Company will pay for reasonable legal fees for
advice in relation to terms of engagement.
• The Non-executive Chairman of Tesco PLC receives
• If a Non-executive Director was based overseas
an all-inclusive fee for the role.
• Where significant travel is required to attend
Board meetings, additional fees may be paid to
reflect this additional time commitment.
then the Company would meet travel and
accommodation expenditure as required to fulfil
Non-executive duties.
Non-executive Director letters of appointment
Non-executive Directors have letters of appointment setting out their duties and the time commitment expected. Appointments are for
an initial period of three years after which they are reviewed. In line with the UK Corporate Governance Code, all Non-executive Directors
submit themselves for re-election by shareholders every year at the Annual General Meeting. All Non-executive Directors’ appointments
can be terminated by either party without notice. Non-executive Directors have no entitlement to compensation on termination.
The letters of appointment are available for shareholders to view at the Company’s registered office.
Considering colleagues views
The Committee does not consider that it is appropriate to consult directly with colleagues when developing the Directors’ remuneration
policy. A significant portion of our colleagues are shareholders so are able to express their views in the same way as other shareholders.
The Company undertakes an annual viewpoint survey for all Group employees to understand their views on working for Tesco and how
this can be improved. Feedback on employee reward is provided as part of this survey.
The Committee reviews information regarding the typical remuneration structure and reward levels for other UK based employees
to provide context when determining executive remuneration policy.
Considering shareholders’ views
The Committee believes that it is very important to maintain open dialogue with shareholders on remuneration matters. The Committee
regularly consults with significant shareholders regarding potential changes to remuneration arrangements and the views of shareholders
are important in determining any final changes. Going forward the Committee will continue to liaise with shareholders regarding
remuneration matters more generally and Tesco arrangements as appropriate. It is the Committee’s intention to consult with major
shareholders in advance of making any material changes to remuneration arrangements.
Approved by the Board on 2 May 2014
Stuart Chambers, Chairman of the Remuneration Committee
Tesco PLC Annual Report and Financial Statements 2014
61
Other informationGovernanceFinancial statementsStrategic report
Directors’ report
The Directors present their report, together with the audited
accounts for the year ended 22 February 2014. Other information
that is relevant to the Directors’ report, and which is incorporated
by reference into this report, can be located as follows:
Future developments
Greenhouse gas emissions
Financial instruments and financial risk management
Corporate governance report
Page
1 to 25
19
25, 99 to 108
26 to 40
The Company has chosen, in accordance with Section 414 C(ii) of
the Companies Act 2006, and as noted in this Directors’ report, to
include certain matters in its Strategic report that would otherwise
be required to be disclosed in this Directors’ report. The Strategic
report can be found on pages 1 to 25 of the Annual Report and
Financial Statements 2014.
Group results*
Group revenue (excluding VAT) rose by £151 million to £63.6 billion,
representing an increase of 0.2%. Group profit before tax increased
by £202 million to £2,259 million. Profit for the year including
discontinued operations was £970 million, of which £974 million
was attributable to equity holders of the parent company.
Dividends
The Directors recommend the payment of a final dividend
of 10.13p per ordinary share, to be paid on 4 July 2014 to
members on the Register at the close of business on 2 May 2014.
Together with the interim dividend of 4.63p per ordinary share
paid in December 2013, the full-year dividend will be maintained
at 14.76p per ordinary share (2012/13: 14.76p).
Fixed assets*
Capital expenditure (excluding business combinations) amounted
to £2.7 billion compared with £2.7 billion the previous year.
Share capital and control of the Company and significant
agreements
Details of the Company’s share capital, including changes during
the year in the issued share capital and details of the rights attaching
to the Company’s ordinary shares, are set out in Note 27 on
page 116 of the Annual Report and Financial Statements 2014.
No shareholder holds securities carrying special rights with regards
to control of the Company. There are no restrictions on voting rights
or the transfer of securities in the Company and the Company is not
aware of any agreements between holders of securities that result in
such restrictions.
The Company was authorised by shareholders at the 2013 AGM
to purchase its own shares in the market up to a maximum
of approximately 10% of its issued share capital. No shares
were purchased under that authority during the financial year.
The Company is seeking to renew the authority at the forthcoming
AGM, within the limits set out in the notice of that meeting.
Shares held by the Company’s Employee Share Incentive Plan
Trust, International Employee Benefit Trust, Tesco Ireland Share
Bonus Scheme Trust and Tesco Employee Share Scheme Trust
rank pari passu with the shares in issue and have no special rights.
Voting rights and rights of acceptance of any offer relating to the
shares held in these trusts rests with the trustees, who may take
account of any recommendation from the Company. Voting rights
are not exercisable by the employees on whose behalf the shares
are held in trust.
The Company is not party to any significant agreements that
would take effect, alter or terminate following a change of control
of the Company. The Company does not have agreements with
any Director or Officer that would provide compensation for loss
of office or employment resulting from a takeover, except that
provisions of the Company’s share plans may cause options
and awards granted under such plans to vest on a takeover.
Company’s shareholders
The Company has been notified of the following significant
holdings of voting rights in its shares as at 22 February 2014
and as at the date of this report:
Berkshire Hathaway Inc.
Norges Bank
% of issued share
capital as at
22 February 2014
% of issued share
capital as at the date
of this report
3.98
6.09
3.98
7.002
Articles of Association
The Company’s Articles of Association may only be amended by
special resolution at a general meeting of the shareholders.
Directors and their interests
The Directors who served during the year were: Mark Armour;
Sir Richard Broadbent; Gareth Bullock; Patrick Cescau; Stuart
Chambers; Philip Clarke; Olivia Garfield; Ken Hanna; Laurie
McIlwee; Deanna Oppenheimer; and Jacqueline Tammenoms
Bakker. Laurie McIlwee stepped down as CFO and from the Board
with effect from 4 April 2014. The biographical details of the
Directors are set out on pages 26 and 27 of this Annual Report.
The interests of Directors and their immediate families in the
shares of Tesco PLC, along with details of Directors’ share options,
are contained in the Directors’ Remuneration Report set out on
pages 41 to 61.
At no time during the year did any of the Directors have a material
interest in any significant contract with the Company or any of
its subsidiaries. A qualifying third-party indemnity provision as
defined in Section 234 of the Companies Act 2006 is in force for
the benefit of each of the Directors and the Company Secretary
(who is also a Director of certain subsidiaries of the Company) in
respect of liabilities incurred as a result of their office, to the extent
permitted by law. In respect of those liabilities for which directors
may not be indemnified, the Company maintained a directors’
and officers’ liability insurance policy throughout the financial year.
Employment policies
Our core purpose is at the heart of our business: ‘we make what
matters better, together’ applies to our colleagues as well as our
customers and communities.
We believe it is essential for our colleagues to have a voice.
Listening and connecting with colleagues enables us to understand
what matters to them and to respond by taking action to make
what matters better. We use a variety of communication channels
to regularly engage, consult, inform and connect with our teams
so that the views of our colleagues can be taken into account when
key decisions are made that affect them.
Our Values underpin our development of fair and inclusive policies
and encourage advocacy, engagement and loyalty so that our
colleagues can be their best and help to deliver a fantastic customer
experience. Collaboration and working as one team means we
make a greater difference collectively rather than as individuals.
*
Unless otherwise stated, all figures are reported on a continuing operations basis and exclude China and the United States which have been treated as discontinued.
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Tesco PLC Annual Report and Financial Statements 2014
We are committed to improving the skills, knowledge and wellbeing
of our colleagues. Our selection, training, development and
promotion policies ensure equal opportunities for all colleagues
regardless of factors such as gender, marital status, race, age,
sexual preference and orientation, colour, creed, ethnic origin,
religion or belief, disability or trade union affiliation. All decisions
are based on merit.
We actively encourage colleagues to become involved in the
financial performance of our business through a variety of
voluntary share schemes.
Political donations
The Group did not make any political donations (2012/13: £nil) or
incur any political expenditure during the year (2012/13: £33,583).
Compliance with the Groceries (Supply Chain Practices)
Market Investigation Order 2009 and the Groceries Supply
Code of Practice (‘Code’)
The Code places obligations on grocery retailers with a turnover
greater than £1 billion to maintain a Code compliance programme,
which includes training staff and providing information to the
Competition and Markets Authority. In addition, the Code sets out
a number of provisions which relate to different aspects of the
relationship between a retailer and supplier.
We are committed to treating our suppliers fairly and work in
collaboration with them wherever possible. We have in place
a Code Compliance Officer supported by a compliance team
including a Code auditor. We have an audit plan and our approach
enables us to identify any gaps in our processes so they can be
quickly fixed. We also have in place an ongoing compliance training
programme for our buying teams, with comprehensive training
for relevant new starters and annual refresher training. We have
strengthened our compliance in this area through the improvement
of our e-learning tool to provide interactive online training for
staff. We have also generated new mechanisms to improve our
paperwork and agreements with our suppliers.
In the past year we have actively engaged and co-operated with
the recently created Groceries Code Adjudicator (GCA), Christine
Tacon, and her office. We have also focused on communication
and dialogue with our suppliers.
Twelve Code-related complaints were raised by suppliers this year,
all of which were resolved through discussion with the suppliers
concerned. We have had two instances where complaints were
referred to the Code Compliance Officer, although in neither of
those instances was a formal dispute raised as both matters were
resolved with the suppliers concerned. There was one instance in
which an alleged breach was raised by a third party in relation to
requests to a limited number of suppliers for funding associated
with shelf positioning. The requests from suppliers were withdrawn
and the matter was openly discussed with the GCA. Consequently,
the GCA issued a GSCOP clarification in March 2014 on the issue.
This provided guidance for suppliers and retailers on the interpretation
of the GSCOP provisions relating to shelf positioning. The Code
Compliance Officer regularly reports to our Compliance Committees
and Audit Committee, which retain effective oversight of our
compliance with the Code.
Going concern
The Directors consider that the Group and the Company have
adequate resources to remain in operation for the foreseeable
future and have therefore continued to adopt the going concern
basis in preparing the financial statements.
Events after the Balance Sheet date
On 21 March 2014, the Group entered into an agreement with
Trent Limited, part of the Tata Group, to form a 50:50 joint venture
in Trent Hypermarket Limited which operates the Star Bazaar retail
business in India. The Group’s investment is £85 million.
On 2 April 2014, the Group, through its subsidiary dunnhumby
Limited, acquired Sociomantic Labs (‘Sociomantic’), a Berlin-based
global leader in digital advertising solutions, for £124 million.
Sociomantic operates in 14 countries worldwide, with clients in
retail, financial services and travel services.
Auditors
A resolution to reappoint PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP as auditors
of the Company and the Group will be proposed at the 2014 AGM.
Directors’ statement of disclosure of information to auditors
Having made the requisite enquiries, the Directors in office at the
date of this Annual Report and Financial Statements have each
confirmed that, so far as they are aware, there is no relevant audit
information (as defined by Section 418 of the Companies Act
2006) of which the Group’s auditors are unaware, and each of
the Directors has taken all the steps he/she ought to have taken
as a Director to make himself/herself aware of any relevant audit
information and to establish that the Group’s auditors are aware
of that information. This confirmation is given and should be
interpreted in accordance with the provisions of Section 418
of the Companies Act 2006.
Cautionary statement regarding forward-looking information
Where this document contains forward-looking statements, these
are made by the Directors in good faith based on the information
available to them at the time of their approval of this report.
These statements should be treated with caution due to the
inherent risks and uncertainties underlying any such forward-
looking information. The Group cautions investors that a number
of factors, including matters referred to in this document, could
cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in
any forward-looking statement. Such factors include, but are not
limited to, those discussed under ‘Principal risks and uncertainties’
on pages 20 to 25 of this Annual Report.
By order of the Board
Jonathan Lloyd
Company Secretary
2 May 2014
Tesco PLC Annual Report and Financial Statements 2014
63
Other informationGovernanceFinancial statementsStrategic report
Statement of Directors’ responsibilities
The Directors consider that the Annual Report and Financial
Statements, taken as a whole, is fair, balanced and understandable
and provides the information necessary for shareholders to
assess the Company’s and Group’s performance, business model
and strategy.
The Directors are responsible for keeping proper accounting
records, which disclose with reasonable accuracy at any time
the financial position of the Group and the Company and which
enable them to ensure that the financial statements and the
Directors’ remuneration report comply with the Companies
Act 2006 and, as regards the Group financial statements,
Article 4 of the IAS Regulation.
The Directors are responsible for the maintenance and integrity
of the Company’s website. Legislation in the UK concerning the
preparation and dissemination of financial statements may differ
from legislation in other jurisdictions.
The Directors have general responsibility for taking such steps
as are reasonably open to them to safeguard the assets of the
Group and of the Company and to prevent and detect fraud
and other irregularities.
The Directors are required by the Companies Act 2006 to
prepare financial statements for each financial year which give
a true and fair view of the state of affairs of the Group and the
Company as at the end of the financial year and of the profit
or loss of the Group for the financial year. Under that law the
Directors are required to prepare the Group financial statements
in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards
(‘IFRS’) as adopted by the European Union (‘EU’) and have
elected to prepare the Company financial statements in
accordance with UK Accounting Standards.
In preparing the Group and Company financial statements,
the Directors are required to:
• select suitable accounting policies and then apply
them consistently;
• make reasonable and prudent judgements and estimates;
• for the Group financial statements, state whether they have
been prepared in accordance with IFRS, as adopted by the EU;
• for the Company financial statements, state whether applicable
UK Accounting Standards have been followed; and
• prepare the financial statements on the going concern basis,
unless it is inappropriate to presume that the Group and the
Company will continue in business.
The Directors, whose names and functions are set out on pages
26 and 27 confirm that, to the best of their knowledge:
• the Group financial statements, which have been prepared in
accordance with IFRS, as adopted by the EU, give a true and
fair view of the assets, liabilities, financial position and profit
of the Group; and
• the Strategic report contained within this document includes a
fair review of the development and performance of the
business and the position of the Group, as well as a description
of the principal risks and uncertainties that it faces.
64
Tesco PLC Annual Report and Financial Statements 2014
Independent auditors’ report to the members of Tesco PLC
Overview of our audit approach
Materiality
We set certain thresholds for materiality. These helped us to
determine the nature, timing and extent of our audit procedures
and to evaluate the effect of misstatements, both individually
and on the financial statements as a whole.
Based on our professional judgement, we determined materiality
for the Group financial statements as a whole to be £150 million.
This represents approximately 5% of profit before tax adjusted
for restructuring and one-off items.
We agreed with the Audit Committee that we would report to
them misstatements identified during our audit above £7 million
as well as misstatements below that amount that, in our view,
warranted reporting for qualitative reasons.
Overview of the scope of our audit
The Group is primarily structured as three geographic regions,
being UK, Asia and Europe, and Tesco Bank. The Group financial
statements are a consolidation of nineteen reporting units,
comprising the Group’s operating businesses and centralised
functions, within these regions.
In establishing the overall approach to the Group audit,
we determined the type of work that needed to be performed
at reporting units by us, as the Group engagement team,
or component auditors within PwC UK and from other PwC
network firms operating under our instruction. Where work
was performed by component auditors, we determined the
level of involvement we needed to have in the audit work at
those reporting units to be able to conclude whether sufficient
appropriate audit evidence had been obtained as a basis for
our opinion on the Group financial statements as a whole.
Accordingly, we identified three reporting units which, in our
view, required an audit of their complete financial information,
either due to their size or their risk characteristics. These three
reporting units accounted for 92% of the Group’s profit before
tax adjusted for restructuring and one-off items, of which the
main UK trading business contributed 73%. Audits of their
complete financial information were also performed for a
further eight overseas reporting units where there are local
statutory reporting requirements and specific audit procedures
on certain balances and transactions were performed at a
further two reporting units. Our audit work at these reporting
units, together with additional procedures performed at the
Group level, gave us the evidence we needed for our opinion
on the Group financial statements as a whole.
Report on the Group financial statements
Our opinion
In our opinion the Group financial statements, defined below:
• give a true and fair view of the state of the Group’s affairs as
at 22 February 2014 and of the Group’s profit and cash flows
for the 52 weeks then ended;
• have been properly prepared in accordance with International
Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs) as adopted by the
European Union; and
• have been prepared in accordance with the requirements of
the Companies Act 2006 and Article 4 of the IAS Regulation.
This opinion is to be read in the context of what we say in the
remainder of this report.
What we have audited
The Group financial statements, which are prepared by Tesco
PLC, comprise:
• the Group balance sheet as at 22 February 2014;
• the Group income statement and statement of comprehensive
income for the 52 weeks then ended;
• the Group statement of changes in equity and cash flow
statement for the 52 weeks then ended; and
• the notes to the Group financial statements, which include
a summary of significant accounting policies and other
explanatory information.
The financial reporting framework that has been applied in their
preparation comprises applicable law and IFRSs as adopted by
the European Union.
Certain disclosures required by the financial reporting framework
have been presented elsewhere in the Annual Report and
Financial Statements (the ‘Annual Report’), rather than in the
notes to the financial statements. These are cross-referenced
from the financial statements and are identified as audited.
What an audit of financial statements involves
We conducted our audit in accordance with International
Standards on Auditing (UK and Ireland) (‘ISAs (UK & Ireland)’).
An audit involves obtaining evidence about the amounts and
disclosures in the financial statements sufficient to give
reasonable assurance that the financial statements are free
from material misstatement, whether caused by fraud or error.
This includes an assessment of:
• whether the accounting policies are appropriate to the
Group’s circumstances and have been consistently applied
and adequately disclosed;
• the reasonableness of significant accounting estimates made
by the directors; and
• the overall presentation of the financial statements.
In addition, we read all the financial and non-financial information
in the Annual Report to identify material inconsistencies with
the audited Group financial statements and to identify any
information that is apparently materially incorrect based on,
or materially inconsistent with, the knowledge acquired by us in
the course of performing the audit. If we become aware of any
apparent material misstatements or inconsistencies we consider
the implications for our report.
Tesco PLC Annual Report and Financial Statements 2014
65
Other informationGovernanceFinancial statementsStrategic report
Independent auditors’ report to the members of Tesco PLC
continued
Areas of particular audit focus
In preparing the financial statements, the Directors made
a number of subjective judgements, for example in respect
of significant accounting estimates that involved making
assumptions and considering future events that are inherently
uncertain. We primarily focused our work in these areas by
assessing the Directors’ judgements against available evidence,
forming our own judgements, and evaluating the disclosures
in the financial statements.
In our audit, we tested and examined information, using
sampling and other auditing techniques, to the extent we
considered necessary to provide a reasonable basis for us
to draw conclusions. We obtained audit evidence through
testing the effectiveness of controls, substantive procedures
or a combination of both.
We considered the following areas to be those that required
particular focus in the current year. This is not a complete list of
all risks or areas of focus identified by our audit. We discussed
these areas of focus with the Audit Committee. Their report on
those matters that they considered to be significant issues in
relation to the financial statements is set out on page 33.
Area of focus
How the scope of our audit addressed the area of focus
Recognition of commercial income
Commercial income (promotional monies, discounts and rebates
receivable from suppliers) recognised during the year is material
to the income statement and amounts accrued at the year end
are judgemental.
We focused on this area because of the judgement required in
accounting for the commercial income deals and the risk of
manipulation of these balances.
We tested the controls management has in place, focusing on
controls over price changes and margin reviews.
We agreed commercial income recognised to contractual evidence
with suppliers, with particular attention to the period in which the
income was recorded and the appropriateness of the accrual at the
year end.
We compared movements year on year in margins for product
categories based on an expectation derived from our sample
testing of contracts with suppliers.
Impairment of property, plant and equipment
We focused on this area because the determination of whether
or not an impairment charge for property, plant and equipment is
necessary involves significant judgements by the Directors about
the future results of the business and assessment of future plans
for the Group’s property portfolio in a number of territories.
We evaluated the Directors’ impairment calculations in local
territories, assessing the future cash flow forecasts used in the
models, and the process by which they were drawn up, including
comparing them to the latest Board approved budgets, and testing
the underlying calculations. We challenged:
• the key assumptions for long-term growth rates in the forecasts
by comparing them to historical results, and economic and
industry forecasts;
• the discount rate by assessing the cost of capital for the Company
and comparable organisations; and
• the alternative use value for land not expected to be developed.
We also performed sensitivity analysis around the key drivers of
growth rates of the cash flow forecasts, including revenue growth
and expected changes in margins. Having ascertained the extent of
change in those assumptions that either individually or collectively
would be required for the assets to be impaired, we considered the
likelihood of such a movement in those key assumptions arising.
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Tesco PLC Annual Report and Financial Statements 2014
Area of focus
How the scope of our audit addressed the area of focus
Valuation of assets held for sale
We focused on this area due to the significant and complex
judgements required over determining the fair value of the
Group’s operations in China, which are disclosed in the financial
statements within assets held for sale.
Provisions and reserves in Tesco Bank
We focused on this area because of the significant judgement
required by the Directors in determining the level of provision for
the following areas:
• Loan, credit card and mortgage impairments
• Provisions of customer redress
• Insurance reserving
Risk of management override of internal controls
ISAs (UK & Ireland) require that we consider this.
We assessed and challenged the valuation techniques and
assumptions in the third party valuation report commissioned
by management. This included assessing and challenging:
• the independence, scope of work and findings of management’s
third party valuation expert; and
• the cashflow forecasts and key assumptions over growth and
discount rates.
We also assessed the valuation against available entity specific and
similar transaction market data.
We assessed the overall control environment at Tesco Bank
and performed a combination of internal controls testing and
substantive testing. We tested the year end product reconciliations,
the impairment provisions recognised and the level of
suspended interest.
We have assessed and challenged the assumptions made by
management in calculating the provisions for redress. We have
reviewed historical data to assess whether trends in customer
claims have been accurately reflected in the provisions.
We evaluated the work performed by independent actuaries
and challenged the key assumptions the Directors have made for
insurance reserving by using our market knowledge of the UK Motor
and Household insurance products to perform corroborative analytics.
We assessed the overall control environment of the Group, including
the arrangements for staff to “whistleblow” inappropriate actions,
and interviewed senior management and the Group’s internal audit
function. We examined the significant accounting estimates and
judgements relevant to the financial statements for evidence of bias
by the Directors that may represent a risk of material misstatement
due to fraud. We also tested manual journal entries and incorporated
an element of unpredictability in the timing of our work into our
testing plans.
Risk of fraud in revenue recognition
ISAs (UK & Ireland) presume there is a risk of fraud in revenue
recognition because of the pressure management may feel
to achieve the planned results. Therefore we focused on the
occurrence of transactions and whether they were recorded in
the period in which the Group became entitled to record revenue.
We tested controls over the recording of revenue in the relevant
IT systems and performed substantive testing of revenue recorded
during the year. We tested that retail sales transactions are supported
by cash receipts and also tested journal entries posted to revenue
accounts to identify unusual or irregular items.
Tesco PLC Annual Report and Financial Statements 2014
67
Other informationGovernanceFinancial statementsStrategic report
Independent auditors’ report to the members of Tesco PLC
continued
Other information in the Annual Report
Under ISAs (UK & Ireland), we are required to report to you if,
in our opinion, information in the Annual Report is:
• materially inconsistent with the information in the audited
Group financial statements; or
• apparently materially incorrect based on, or materially
inconsistent with, our knowledge of the Group acquired in
the course of performing our audit; or
• is otherwise misleading.
We have no exceptions to report arising from this responsibility.
Responsibilities for the financial statements and
the audit
Our responsibilities and those of the directors
As explained more fully in the Directors’ Responsibilities
Statement set out on page 64, the directors are responsible
for the preparation of the Group financial statements and for
being satisfied that they give a true and fair view.
Our responsibility is to audit and express an opinion on the Group
financial statements in accordance with applicable law and ISAs
(UK & Ireland). Those standards require us to comply with the
Auditing Practices Board’s Ethical Standards for Auditors.
This report, including the opinions, has been prepared for and
only for the Company’s members as a body in accordance with
Chapter 3 of Part 16 of the Companies Act 2006 and for no other
purpose. We do not, in giving these opinions, accept or assume
responsibility for any other purpose or to any other person to
whom this report is shown or into whose hands it may come
save where expressly agreed by our prior consent in writing.
Other matter
We have reported separately on the Parent Company Financial
statements of Tesco PLC for the 52 weeks ended 22 February 2014.
Mark Gill (Senior Statutory Auditor)
for and on behalf of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
Chartered Accountants and Statutory Auditors
London
2 May 2014
Going Concern
Under the Listing Rules we are required to review the Directors’
statement, set out on page 64, in relation to going concern.
We have nothing to report having performed our review.
As noted in the Directors’ statement, the Directors have
concluded that it is appropriate to prepare the Group’s financial
statements using the going concern basis of accounting.
The going concern basis presumes that the Group has adequate
resources to remain in operation, and that the Directors intend
it to do so, for at least one year from the date the financial
statements were signed. As part of our audit we have concluded
that the Directors’ use of the going concern basis is appropriate.
However, because not all future events or conditions can be
predicted, these statements are not a guarantee as to the
Group’s ability to continue as a going concern.
Opinion on other matter prescribed by the
Companies Act 2006
In our opinion the information given in the Strategic Report and
the Directors’ Report for the financial year for which the Group
financial statements are prepared is consistent with the Group
financial statements.
Other matters on which we are required to report
by exception
Adequacy of information and explanations received
Under the Companies Act 2006 we are required to report to
you if, in our opinion we have not received all the information
and explanations we require for our audit. We have no
exceptions to report arising from this responsibility.
Directors’ remuneration
Under the Companies Act 2006 we are required to report to you
if, in our opinion, certain disclosures of directors’ remuneration
specified by law have not been made. We have no exceptions to
report arising from this responsibility.
Corporate Governance Statement
Under the Listing Rules we are required to review the part
of the Corporate Governance Statement relating to the
Company’s compliance with nine provisions of the UK
Corporate Governance Code (‘the Code’). We have nothing
to report having performed our review.
On page 64 of the Annual Report, as required by the Code
Provision C.1.1, the Directors state that they consider the Annual
Report taken as a whole to be fair, balanced and understandable
and provides the information necessary for members to assess
the Group’s performance, business model and strategy. On page
34, as required by C.3.8 of the Code, the Audit Committee has
set out the significant issues that it considered in relation to the
financial statements, and how they were addressed. Under ISAs
(UK & Ireland) we are required to report to you if, in our opinion:
• the statement given by the Directors is materially inconsistent
with our knowledge of the Group acquired in the course of
performing our audit; or
• the section of the Annual Report describing the work of the
Audit Committee does not appropriately address matters
communicated by us to the Audit Committee.
We have no exceptions to report arising from this responsibility.
68
Tesco PLC Annual Report and Financial Statements 2014
Group income statement
Year ended 22 February 2014
Continuing operations
Revenue
Cost of sales
Gross profit
Administrative expenses
Profits/losses arising on property-related items
Operating profit
Share of post-tax profits of joint ventures and associates
Finance income
Finance costs
Profit before tax
Taxation
Profit for the year from continuing operations
Discontinued operations
Loss for the year from discontinued operations
Profit for the year
Attributable to:
Owners of the parent
Non-controlling interests
Earnings per share from continuing and discontinued operations
Basic
Diluted
Earnings per share from continuing operations
Basic
Diluted
Non-GAAP measure: underlying profit before tax
Profit before tax from continuing operations
Adjustments for:
IAS 32 and IAS 39 ‘Financial Instruments’ – fair value remeasurements
IAS 19 ‘Employee Benefits’ – non-cash Group Income Statement charge for pensions
IAS 17 ‘Leases’ – impact of annual uplifts in rent and rent-free periods
IFRS 3 ‘Business Combinations’ – intangible asset amortisation charges and costs arising from acquisitions
IFRIC 13 ‘Customer Loyalty Programmes’ – fair value of awards
Restructuring and other one-off costs:
Impairment of PPE and onerous lease provisions included within cost of sales
Impairment of PPE and onerous lease provisions included within profits/losses arising on property-related items
Impairment of goodwill
Provision for customer redress
Other restructuring and one-off items
Other profits/losses arising on property-related items
Underlying profit before tax from continuing operations
* Restated for amendments to IAS 19 as explained in Note 1.
The notes on pages 74 to 121 form part of these financial statements.
Notes
2
13
5
5
3
6
7
9
9
9
9
Notes
1/5
1
1
1
1
1
52 weeks
2014
£m
52 weeks
2013
(restated*)
£m
63,557
(59,547)
4,010
(1,657)
278
2,631
60
132
(564)
2,259
(347)
1,912
63,406
(59,252)
4,154
(1,482)
(290)
2,382
72
120
(517)
2,057
(529)
1,528
(942)
970
(1,504)
24
974
(4)
970
28
(4)
24
12.07p
12.06p
0.35p
0.35p
23.75p
23.72p
19.07p
19.06p
52 weeks
2014
£m
2,259
52 weeks
2013
(restated*)
£m
2,057
11
117
22
14
10
734
(98)
–
63
102
15
69
17
19
28
161
709
495
115
14
1
1
(180)
3,054
(419)
3,280
Tesco PLC Annual Report and Financial Statements 2014
69
Other informationGovernanceFinancial statementsStrategic report
Group statement of comprehensive income
Year ended 22 February 2014
Items that will not be reclassified to income statement
Remeasurements on defined benefit pension schemes
Tax on items that will not be reclassified
Items that may subsequently be reclassified to income statement
Change in fair value of available-for-sale financial assets and investments
Currency translation differences
Reclassification adjustment for movements in foreign exchange reserve and net investment hedging
on subsidiary disposed
(Losses)/gains on cash flow hedges:
Net fair value (losses)/gains
Reclassified and reported in the Group Income Statement
Tax on items that may be reclassified
Total other comprehensive loss for the year
Profit for the year
Total comprehensive loss for the year
Attributable to:
Owners of the parent
Non-controlling interests
Total comprehensive loss for the year
Total comprehensive loss attributable to equity shareholders arises from:
Continuing operations
Discontinued operations
* Restated for amendments to IAS 19 as explained in Note 1.
The notes on pages 74 to 121 form part of these financial statements.
Notes
26
6
6
52 weeks
2014
£m
52 weeks
2013
(restated*)
£m
(713)
67
(646)
(4)
(1,102)
–
(235)
61
97
(1,183)
(1,829)
970
(859)
(848)
(11)
(859)
138
(986)
(848)
(610)
99
(511)
(11)
420
20
84
(63)
(24)
426
(85)
24
(61)
(57)
(4)
(61)
1,421
(1,478)
(57)
70
Tesco PLC Annual Report and Financial Statements 2014
Group balance sheet
Non-current assets
Goodwill and other intangible assets
Property, plant and equipment
Investment property
Investments in joint ventures and associates
Other investments
Loans and advances to customers
Derivative financial instruments
Deferred tax assets
Current assets
Inventories
Trade and other receivables
Loans and advances to customers
Derivative financial instruments
Current tax assets
Short-term investments
Cash and cash equivalents
Assets of the disposal group and non-current assets classified as held for sale
Current liabilities
Trade and other payables
Financial liabilities:
Borrowings
Derivative financial instruments and other liabilities
Customer deposits and deposits from banks
Current tax liabilities
Provisions
Liabilities of the disposal group classified as held for sale
Net current liabilities
Non-current liabilities
Financial liabilities:
Borrowings
Derivative financial instruments and other liabilities
Post-employment benefit obligations
Deferred tax liabilities
Provisions
Net assets
Equity
Share capital
Share premium
All other reserves
Retained earnings
Equity attributable to owners of the parent
Non-controlling interests
Total equity
22 February
2014
£m
23 February
2013
£m
Notes
10
11
12
13
14
17
21
6
15
16
17
21
18
7
19
20
21
23
24
7
20
21
26
6
24
27
3,795
24,490
227
286
1,015
3,210
1,496
73
34,592
3,576
2,190
3,705
80
12
1,016
2,506
13,085
2,487
15,572
4,362
24,870
2,001
494
818
2,465
1,965
58
37,033
3,744
2,525
3,094
58
10
522
2,512
12,465
631
13,096
(10,595)
(11,094)
(1,910)
(99)
(6,858)
(494)
(250)
(20,206)
(1,193)
(5,827)
(9,303)
(770)
(3,193)
(594)
(183)
(14,043)
14,722
405
5,080
(498)
9,728
14,715
7
14,722
(766)
(121)
(6,015)
(519)
(188)
(18,703)
(282)
(5,889)
(10,068)
(759)
(2,378)
(1,006)
(272)
(14,483)
16,661
403
5,020
685
10,535
16,643
18
16,661
The notes on pages 74 to 121 form part of these financial statements.
Philip Clarke
Directors
The financial statements on pages 69 to 121 were authorised for issue by the Directors on 2 May 2014 and are subject to the approval of the shareholders at
the Annual General Meeting on 27 June 2014.
Tesco PLC Annual Report and Financial Statements 2014
71
Other informationGovernanceFinancial statementsStrategic report
Group statement of changes in equity
At 23 February 2013
Profit for the year
Other comprehensive loss
Change in fair value of available-for-sale
financial assets and investments
Currency translation differences
Remeasurement losses on defined benefit
pension schemes
Losses on cash flow hedges
Tax relating to components of other
comprehensive income
Total other comprehensive loss
Total comprehensive loss
Transactions with owners
Purchase of treasury shares
Share-based payments
Issue of shares
Dividends authorised in the year
Tax on items charged to equity
Total transactions with owners
At 22 February 2014
At 25 February 2012
Profit for the year
Other comprehensive loss
Change in fair value of available-for-sale
financial assets and investments
Currency translation differences
Reclassification adjustment on
subsidiaries disposed
Remeasurement losses on defined benefit
pension schemes
Gains on cash flow hedges
Tax relating to components of other
comprehensive income
All other reserves
Issued
share
capital
£m
403
–
Share
premium
£m
5,020
–
Other
reserves
£m
40
–
Capital
redemption
reserve
£m
16
–
Hedging
reserve
£m
91
–
Translation
reserve
£m
547
–
Treasury
shares
£m
(9)
–
Retained
earnings
£m
10,535
974
Non-
controlling
interests
£m
18
(4)
Total
£m
16,643
974
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
2
–
–
2
405
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
60
–
–
60
5,080
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
40
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
16
–
–
–
(1,095)
–
(174)
39
(135)
(135)
–
–
–
–
–
–
(44)
–
–
58
(1,037)
(1,037)
–
–
–
–
–
–
(490)
All other reserves
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
(12)
1
–
–
–
(11)
(20)
(4)
–
(4)
(1,095)
(713)
–
67
(650)
324
–
58
–
(1,189)
–
(1,131)
9,728
(713)
(174)
164
(1,822)
(848)
(12)
59
62
(1,189)
–
(1,080)
14,715
–
(7)
–
–
–
(7)
(11)
–
–
–
–
–
–
7
Total
equity
£m
16,661
970
(4)
(1,102)
(713)
(174)
164
(1,829)
(859)
(12)
59
62
(1,189)
–
(1,080)
14,722
Issued
share
capital
£m
402
–
Share
premium
£m
4,964
–
Other
reserves
£m
40
–
Capital
redemption
reserve
£m
16
–
Hedging
reserve
£m
73
–
Translation
reserve
£m
134
–
Treasury
shares
£m
(18)
–
Retained
earnings
(restated*)
£m
12,164
28
Total
(restated*)
£m
17,775
28
Non-
controlling
interests
£m
26
(4)
Total
equity
(restated*)
£m
17,801
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
40
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
16
–
–
–
–
21
(3)
18
18
–
–
–
–
–
–
91
–
420
20
–
–
(27)
413
413
–
–
–
–
–
–
547
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
9
–
–
–
–
9
(9)
(11)
–
–
(610)
–
105
(516)
(488)
(11)
420
20
(610)
21
75
(85)
(57)
44
–
4
(1,184)
(5)
(1,141)
10,535
53
57
4
(1,184)
(5)
(1,075)
16,643
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
(4)
–
–
(4)
–
–
(4)
18
(11)
420
20
(610)
21
75
(85)
(61)
53
57
–
(1,184)
(5)
(1,079)
16,661
Total other comprehensive loss
Total comprehensive loss
Transactions with owners
Share-based payments
Issue of shares
Purchase of non-controlling interests
Dividends authorised in the year
Tax on items charged to equity
Total transactions with owners
At 23 February 2013
* Restated for amendments to IAS 19 as explained in Note 1.
–
1
–
–
–
1
403
–
56
–
–
–
56
5,020
The notes on pages 74 to 121 form part of these financial statements.
72
Tesco PLC Annual Report and Financial Statements 2014
Group cash flow statement
Year ended 22 February 2014
Cash flows from operating activities
Cash generated from operations
Interest paid
Corporation tax paid
Net cash generated from operating activities
Cash flows from investing activities
Acquisition/disposal of subsidiaries, net of cash acquired/disposed
Proceeds from sale of joint ventures and associates
Proceeds from sale of property, plant and equipment, investment property and non-current assets
classified as held for sale
Purchase of property, plant and equipment, investment property and non-current assets
classified as held for sale
Proceeds from sale of intangible assets
Purchase of intangible assets
Net decrease/(increase) in loans to joint ventures
Investments in joint ventures and associates
Net (investments in)/proceeds from sale of short-term investments
Net (investments in)/proceeds from sale of other investments
Dividends received from joint ventures and associates
Interest received
Net cash used in investing activities
Cash flows from financing activities
Proceeds from issue of ordinary share capital
Increase in borrowings
Repayment of borrowings
Repayment of obligations under finance leases
Purchase of non-controlling interests
Dividends paid to equity owners
Net cash from/(used in) financing activities
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of the year
Effect of foreign exchange rate changes
Cash and cash equivalents including cash held in disposal group at the end of the year
Cash held in disposal group
Cash and cash equivalents at the end of the year
Reconciliation of net cash flow
to movement in net debt note
Year ended 22 February 2014
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents
Elimination of net decrease/(increase) in Tesco Bank cash and cash equivalents
Investment in Tesco Bank
Debt acquired on acquisition
Net cash (inflow)/outflow from Retail debt and lease financing
Dividend received from Tesco Bank
Increase/(decrease) in Retail short-term investments
(Decrease)/increase in Retail joint venture loan receivables
Other non-cash movements
Elimination of other Tesco Bank non-cash movements
Decrease in net debt for the year
Opening net debt
Closing net debt
52 weeks
2014
£m
52 weeks
2013
£m
4,316
(496)
(635)
3,185
(13)
–
3,873
(457)
(579)
2,837
(72)
68
568
1,351
(2,489)
2
(392)
61
(12)
(494)
(268)
62
121
(2,854)
62
3,104
(1,912)
(9)
–
(1,189)
56
387
2,531
(105)
2,813
(307)
2,506
(2,619)
–
(368)
(43)
(158)
721
706
51
85
(278)
57
1,820
(3,022)
(32)
(4)
(1,184)
(2,365)
194
2,311
26
2,531
(19)
2,512
52 weeks
2014
£m
387
570
–
–
(914)
100
494
(54)
(412)
(171)
–
(6,597)
(6,597)
52 weeks
2013
£m
194
(475)
(45)
(1)
1,589
105
(721)
36
(430)
(11)
241
(6,838)
(6,597)
Notes
29
27
8
7
18
Notes
30
30
NB. The reconciliation of net cash flow to movement in net debt is not a primary statement and does not form part of the cash flow statement but forms part of the notes to
the financial statements.
The notes on pages 74 to 121 form part of these financial statements.
Tesco PLC Annual Report and Financial Statements 2014
73
Other informationGovernanceFinancial statementsStrategic report
Notes to the Group financial statements
Note 1 Accounting policies
General information
Tesco PLC (‘the Company’) is a public limited company incorporated
and domiciled in the United Kingdom under the Companies Act 2006
(Registration number 445790). The address of the registered office is
Tesco House, Delamare Road, Cheshunt, Hertfordshire, EN8 9SL, UK.
The financial year represents the 52 weeks ended 22 February 2014
(prior financial year 52 weeks ended 23 February 2013). For the UK,
the Republic of Ireland and the US, the results are for the 52 weeks ended
22 February 2014 (prior financial year 52 weeks ended 23 February 2013).
For all other operations, the results are for the calendar year ended 28
February 2014 (prior financial year ended 28 February 2013).
The main activities of the Company and its subsidiaries (together, ‘the Group’)
are those of retailing and retail banking.
Basis of preparation
The consolidated Group financial statements have been prepared in
accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (‘IFRS’)
and IFRS Interpretations Committee (‘IFRIC’) interpretations as endorsed by
the European Union, and those parts of the Companies Act 2006 applicable
to companies reporting under IFRS. The consolidated Group financial
statements are presented in Pounds Sterling, generally rounded to the
nearest million. They are prepared on the historical cost basis, except for
certain financial instruments, share-based payments, customer loyalty
programmes and pensions that have been measured at fair value.
Discontinued operations
During the period, the Group entered into definitive agreements, subject to
the usual regulatory approvals, with China Resources Enterprise, Limited to
combine respective Chinese retail operations. The definitive agreements
allow for the exchange of the Group’s Chinese retail and property interests
plus cash of HK$4,325m for a 20% interest in the combined businesses.
On 27 November 2013 the Group completed a sale of the substantive part of
its US operations to YFE Holdings, Inc. with the remaining assets of the US
operations being disposed of as part of an orderly restructuring process. In
addition, the exit of the Japanese operations was successfully completed on
1 January 2013.
In accordance with IFRS 5 ‘Non-current assets held for sale and discontinued
operations’, the net results of these operations for the year are presented
within discontinued operations in the Group Income Statement (for which
the comparatives have been restated) and the assets and liabilities of the
operations are presented separately in the Group Balance Sheet. See Note 7
for further details.
The accounting policies set out below have been applied consistently
to all periods presented in these consolidated financial statements.
Basis of consolidation
The consolidated Group financial statements consist of the financial
statements of the ultimate Parent Company (‘Tesco PLC’), all entities
controlled by the Company (its subsidiaries) and the Group’s share of
its interests in joint ventures and associates.
Subsidiaries
The financial statements of subsidiaries are included in the consolidated
financial statements from the date that control commences until the date
that control ceases.
Intragroup balances and any unrealised gains and losses or income and
expenses arising from intragroup transactions are eliminated in preparing the
consolidated financial statements.
Joint ventures and associates
The Group’s share of the results of joint ventures and associates is included
in the Group Income Statement using the equity method of accounting.
Investments in joint ventures and associates are carried in the Group Balance
Sheet at cost plus post-acquisition changes in the Group’s share of the net
assets of the entity, less any impairment in value. The carrying values of
investments in joint ventures and associates include acquired goodwill.
If the Group’s share of losses in a joint venture or associate equals or exceeds
its investment in the joint venture or associate, the Group does not recognise
further losses, unless it has incurred obligations to do so or made payments
on behalf of the joint venture or associate.
Unrealised gains arising from transactions with joint ventures and associates are
eliminated to the extent of the Group’s interest in the entity.
74
Tesco PLC Annual Report and Financial Statements 2014
Use of assumptions and estimates
The preparation of the consolidated Group financial statements requires
management to make judgements, estimates and assumptions that affect
the application of policies and reported amounts of assets and liabilities,
income and expenses. The estimates and associated assumptions are based
on historical experience and various other factors that are believed to be
reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results may differ from these
estimates. The estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an
ongoing basis.
Critical estimates and assumptions that are applied in the preparation of the
consolidated financial statements include:
Depreciation and amortisation
The Group exercises judgement to determine useful lives and residual values
of intangibles, property, plant and equipment and investment property.
The assets are depreciated down to their residual values over their estimated
useful lives.
Impairment
i) Impairment of goodwill
The Group tests annually whether goodwill has suffered any impairment.
The recoverable amount of the cash-generating units has been determined
based on value in use calculations. These calculations require the use of
estimates as set out in Note 10.
ii) Impairment of assets
The Group has determined each store as a separate cash-generating unit for
impairment testing. Where there are indicators for impairment, the Group
performs an impairment test. Recoverable amounts for cash-generating
units are based on the higher of value in use and fair value less costs of
disposal. Value in use is calculated from cash flow projections for generally
five years using data from the Group’s latest internal forecasts. These
calculations require the use of estimates as set out in Note 11.
iii) Impairment of loans and advances to customers and banks
The Group’s loan impairment provisions are established to recognise incurred
impairment losses in its portfolio of loans classified as loans and receivables and
carried at amortised cost. These calculations require the use of estimates as set
out in the accounting policy note for financial instruments.
Provisions
Provisions have been made for onerous leases, dilapidations, restructuring,
pensions, and customer redress. These provisions are estimates and the
actual costs and timing of future cash flows are dependent on future events.
The difference between expectations and the actual future liability will be
accounted for in the period when such determination is made.
The Group has provisions for potential customer redress. In 2010/11,
the Financial Conduct Authority (‘FCA’) formally issued Policy Statement
10/12 (‘PS 10/12’), which introduced new guidance in respect of Payment
Protection Insurance (‘PPI’) customer redress and evidential provisions to
the FCA Handbook with an implementation date of 1 December 2010.
The Group continues to handle complaints and redress customers in
accordance with PS 10/12.
During the course of the year the Group identified historic operational issues
that had resulted in instances where certain of the requirements of the
Consumer Credit Act (‘CCA’) for post contract documentation had not been
fully complied with. While there is no evidence that these issues have caused
particular detriment to customers, it is the Group’s intention to provide
redress to impacted customers in order to reflect the operation of the CCA
in respect of the customers’ liability.
Provision has been recognised for the CCA documentation redress and
represents management’s best estimate at the reporting date of the cost
of providing redress to certain loan and credit card customers. The Office
of Fair Trading (‘OFT’) has been advised of the Group’s approach to
determining the proposed customer redress. Oversight of CCA-related
matters passed from the OFT to the FCA on 1 April 2014 and the Group
expects to formally advise the FCA of the approach.
It is not clear what regulatory position, if any, the FCA will take and as
highlighted above, there is no judicial certainty in the legal position.
The actual cost of customer redress could therefore differ materially
from this estimate. Refer to Note 24 for further details.
The Group is part of an industry wide Scheme of Arrangement established
with the support of the relevant regulatory and customer protection bodies
to address customer redress relating to the historic sale of certain cardholder
protection products (‘CPP’) to credit card customers.
Note 1 Accounting policies continued
The calculation of the provision is based on a series of assumptions
including the number and value of cases for which compensation may
be paid. In arriving at these assumptions management have exercised
their judgement based on earlier redress programmes and the redress
estimates provided independently as part of the industry wide Scheme
of Arrangement. Refer to Note 24 for further details.
The calculation of these provisions involves estimating a number of variables,
principally the level of customer complaints which may be received and the
level of any compensation which may be payable to customers. The number of
cases on which compensation is ultimately payable may also be influenced
by the outcome of the analysis of historical claims referred to above. A change
in the estimate of any of the key variables in this calculation could have the
potential to significantly impact the provisions recognised.
Post-employment benefit obligations
The present value of the post-employment benefit obligations depends on a
number of factors that are determined on an actuarial basis using a number
of assumptions. The assumptions used in determining the net cost (income)
for pensions include the discount rate. Any changes in these assumptions
will impact the carrying amount of post-employment benefit obligations.
Key assumptions for post-employment benefit obligations are disclosed in
Note 26.
Adoption of new and amended International Financial Reporting
Standards
The Group has adopted the following new and amended standards as of
24 February 2013:
• IAS 1 (amended) ‘Financial statement presentation’ changes the grouping
of items presented in the Group’s Statement of Comprehensive Income
so that items which may be reclassified to income statement in the
future are presented separately from items that will never be reclassified.
The amendment affects presentation only and has no impact on the
Group’s financial position or performance.
• IAS 19 ‘Employee benefits (Revised 2011)’ amends the accounting
for employment benefits. The standard replaces the interest costs
and expected return on plan assets with a net interest amount that is
calculated by applying the discount rate to the net defined benefit liability/
asset. The amendment has reduced profit for the year (net of deferred tax)
by £86m for the year ended 22 February 2014 (year ended 23 February
2013: a reduction of £96m). The comparative financial information has
been restated accordingly.
• IFRS 13 ‘Fair value measurement’ establishes a single source of guidance
under IFRS for all fair value measurements. IFRS 13 does not change when
an entity is required to use fair value, but rather provides guidance on
how to measure fair value under IFRS when fair value is required or
permitted. The application of IFRS 13 has not materially impacted the
fair value measurements carried out by the Group. IFRS 13 also requires
specific disclosures on fair values, some of which replace existing
disclosure requirements in other standards, including IFRS 7
‘Financial Instruments: Disclosures’.
• IFRS 7 (amended) ‘Financial instruments: Disclosures’ requires the
disclosure on rights of offset and related arrangements for financial
instruments under an enforceable master netting agreement or
similar arrangements.
• Annual Improvements 2009 – 2011 which includes changes to
IAS 1 ‘Financial Statement Presentation’, IAS 32 ‘Financial Instruments:
Presentation, IAS 34 ‘Interim Financial Reporting’ and IAS 16 ‘Property,
plant and equipment’. The adoption of these has not had any significant
impact on the amounts reported in the Group financial statements.
Revenue
Revenue comprises the fair value of consideration received or receivable for the
sale of goods and services in the ordinary course of the Group’s activities.
Sale of goods
Revenue is recognised when the significant risks and rewards of ownership of
the goods have transferred to the buyer and the amount of revenue can be
measured reliably.
Revenue is recorded net of returns, discounts/offers and value added taxes.
Provision of services
Revenue from the provision of services is recognised when the service is
provided and the revenue can be measured reliably, based on the terms
of the contract.
Where the Group acts as an agent selling goods or services, only the
commission income is included within revenue.
Financial services
Revenue consists of interest, fees and income from the provision of insurance.
Interest income on financial assets that are classified as loans and
receivables is determined using the effective interest rate method.
Calculation of the effective interest rate takes into account fees receivable
that are an integral part of the instrument’s yield, premiums or discounts on
acquisition or issue, early redemption fees and transaction costs.
Fees in respect of services (credit card interchange fees, late payment and
ATM revenue) are recognised as the right to consideration accrues through
the provision of the service to the customer. The arrangements are generally
contractual and the cost of providing the service is incurred as the service
is rendered.
The Group generates commission from the sale and service of motor and
home insurance policies underwritten by Tesco Underwriting Limited, or in
a minority of cases by a third party underwriter. This is based on commission
rates which are independent of the profitability of underlying insurance
policies. Similar commission income is also generated from the sale of
white label insurance products underwritten by other third party providers.
Clubcard, loyalty and other initiatives
The cost of Clubcard and loyalty initiatives is part of the fair value of the
consideration received and is deferred and subsequently recognised over the
period that the awards are redeemed. The deferral is treated as a deduction
from revenue.
The fair value of the points awarded is determined with reference to the fair
value to the customer and considers factors such as redemption via Clubcard
deals versus money-off-in-store and redemption rate.
Rental income
Rental income is recognised in the period in which it is earned, in accordance
with the terms of the lease.
Finance income
Finance income, excluding income arising from financial services, is
recognised in the period to which it relates using the effective interest
rate method.
Finance costs
Finance costs directly attributable to the acquisition or construction of
qualifying assets are capitalised. Qualifying assets are those that necessarily
take a substantial period of time to prepare for their intended use. All other
borrowing costs are recognised in the Group Income Statement in finance
costs, excluding those arising from financial services, in the period in which
they occur. For Tesco Bank, finance cost on financial liabilities is determined
using the effective interest rate method and is recognised in cost of sales.
Tesco PLC Annual Report and Financial Statements 2014
75
Other informationGovernanceFinancial statementsStrategic report
Notes to the Group financial statements continued
Note 1 Accounting policies continued
Business combinations and goodwill
The Group accounts for all business combinations by applying the purchase
method. All acquisition-related costs are expensed.
On acquisition, the assets (including intangible assets), liabilities and
contingent liabilities of an acquired entity are measured at their fair value.
Non-controlling interest is stated at the non-controlling interest’s proportion
of the fair values of the assets and liabilities recognised.
Impairment of non-financial assets
Goodwill is reviewed for impairment at least annually by assessing the
recoverable amount of each cash-generating unit to which the goodwill
relates. The recoverable amount is the higher of fair value less costs of
disposal, and value in use. When the recoverable amount of the cash-
generating unit is less than the carrying amount, an impairment loss is
recognised. Any impairment is recognised immediately in the Group
Income Statement and is not subsequently reversed.
Goodwill arising on consolidation represents the excess of the consideration
transferred over the net fair value of the Group’s share of the net assets,
liabilities and contingent liabilities of the acquired subsidiary, joint venture
or associate and the fair value of the non-controlling interest in the acquiree.
If the consideration is less than the fair value of the Group’s share of the net
assets, liabilities and contingent liabilities of the acquired entity (i.e. a discount
on acquisition), the difference is credited to the Group Income Statement in
the period of acquisition.
At the acquisition date of a subsidiary, goodwill acquired is recognised as an asset
and is allocated to each of the cash-generating units expected to benefit from the
business combination’s synergies and to the lowest level at which management
monitors the goodwill. Goodwill arising on the acquisition of joint ventures and
associates is included within the carrying value of the investment. On disposal
of a subsidiary, joint venture or associate, the attributable amount of goodwill is
included in the determination of the profit or loss on disposal.
Intangible assets
Acquired intangible assets
Separately acquired intangible assets, such as software, pharmacy licences,
customer relationships, contracts and brands are measured initially at cost.
Intangible assets acquired in a business combination are recognised at fair
value at the acquisition date. Intangible assets with finite useful lives are
carried at cost and are amortised on a straight-line basis over their estimated
useful lives, at 2%-100% of cost per annum.
Internally generated intangible assets – Research and
development expenditure
Research costs are expensed as incurred. Development expenditure incurred
on an individual project is capitalised only if specific criteria are met including
that the asset created will probably generate future economic benefits.
Following the initial recognition of development expenditure, the cost
is amortised over the asset’s estimated useful life at 10%–25% of cost
per annum.
Property, plant and equipment
Property, plant and equipment is carried at cost less accumulated
depreciation and any recognised impairment in value.
Property, plant and equipment is depreciated on a straight-line basis to its
residual value over its anticipated useful economic life. The following
depreciation rates are applied for the Group:
• Freehold and leasehold buildings with greater than 40 years unexpired
– at 2.5% of cost;
• Leasehold properties with less than 40 years unexpired are
depreciated by equal annual instalments over the unexpired
period of the lease; and
• Plant, equipment, fixtures and fittings and motor vehicles – at rates
varying from 9%-50%.
Assets held under finance leases are depreciated over their expected useful
lives on the same basis as owned assets or, when shorter, over the term of
the relevant lease.
For all other non-financial assets (including intangible assets and property,
plant and equipment) the Group performs impairment testing where there are
indicators of impairment. If such an indicator exists, the recoverable amount of
the asset is estimated in order to determine the extent of the impairment loss
(if any). Where the asset does not generate cash flows that are independent
from other assets, the Group estimates the recoverable amount of the
cash-generating unit to which the asset belongs.
The recoverable amount is the higher of value in use and fair value less
costs of disposal. If the recoverable amount of an asset (or cash-generating
unit) is estimated to be less than its carrying amount, the carrying amount
of the asset (or cash-generating unit) is reduced to its recoverable amount.
An impairment loss is recognised immediately in the Group Income Statement.
Where an impairment loss subsequently reverses, the carrying amount of
the asset (or cash-generating unit) is increased to the revised estimate of
the recoverable amount, but so that the increased carrying amount does
not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined if no
impairment loss had been recognised for the asset (or cash-generating unit)
in prior years. A reversal of an impairment loss is recognised immediately as
a credit to the Group Income Statement.
Investment property
Investment property assets are carried at cost less accumulated depreciation and
any recognised impairment in value. The depreciation policies for investment
property are consistent with those described for owner-occupied property.
Short-term and other investments
Short-term and other investments in the Group Balance Sheet comprise
receivables, loan receivables and available-for-sale financial assets.
Receivables and loan receivables are recognised at amortised cost.
Available-for-sale financial assets are recognised at fair value.
Refer to the financial instruments accounting policy for further detail.
Inventories
Inventories comprise goods and properties held for resale and properties held
for, or in the course of, development with a view to sell. Inventories are valued
at the lower of cost and fair value less costs to sell using the weighted average
cost basis.
Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents in the Group Balance Sheet consist of cash at
bank, in hand, demand deposits with banks, loans and advances to banks,
certificate of deposits and other receivables together with short-term
deposits with an original maturity of three months or less.
Non-current assets held for sale and discontinued operations
Non-current assets (or disposal groups) are classified as assets held for sale
when their carrying amount is to be recovered principally through a sale
transaction and a sale is considered highly probable. They are stated at the
lower of carrying amount and fair value less costs to sell.
Leasing
Leases are classified as finance leases whenever the terms of the lease
transfer substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership to the lessee.
All other leases are classified as operating leases.
76
Tesco PLC Annual Report and Financial Statements 2014
Note 1 Accounting policies continued
The Group as a lessor
Amounts due from lessees under finance leases are recorded as receivables at
the amount of the Group’s net investment in the leases. Finance lease income is
allocated to accounting periods so as to reflect a constant periodic rate of return
on the Group’s net investment in the lease. Rental income from operating leases
is recognised on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease.
The Group as a lessee
Assets held under finance leases are recognised as assets of the Group
at their fair value or, if lower, at the present value of the minimum lease
payments, each determined at the inception of the lease. The corresponding
liability is included in the Group Balance Sheet as a finance lease obligation.
Lease payments are apportioned between finance charges and a reduction
of the lease obligations so as to achieve a constant rate of interest on the
remaining balance of the liability. Finance charges are charged to the Group
Income Statement. Rentals payable under operating leases are charged
to the Group Income Statement on a straight-line basis over the term of
the lease.
Sale and leaseback
A sale and leaseback transaction is one where the Group sells an asset
and immediately reacquires the use of the asset by entering into a lease
with the buyer.
The accounting treatment of the sale and leaseback depends upon the
substance of the transaction (by applying the lease classification principles
described above) whether or not the sale was made at the asset’s fair value
and the relationship with the buyer which is based on levels of control and
influence (the buyer may be an associate, joint venture or an unrelated party).
For sale and finance leasebacks, any profit from the sale is deferred and
amortised over the lease term. For sale and operating leasebacks, generally
the assets are sold at fair value, and accordingly the profit or loss from the
sale is recognised immediately in the Group Income Statement.
Post-employment and similar obligations
For defined benefit plans, obligations are measured at discounted present
value (using the projected unit credit method) whilst plan assets are recorded
at fair value. The operating and financing costs of such plans are recognised
separately in the Group Income Statement; service costs are spread
systematically over the expected service lives of employees and financing
costs are recognised in the periods in which they arise. Actuarial gains and
losses are recognised immediately in the Group Statement of
Comprehensive Income.
Payments to defined contribution schemes are recognised as an expense as
they fall due.
Share-based payments
The fair value of employee share option plans is calculated at the grant date
using the Black-Scholes model. The resulting cost is charged to the Group
Income Statement over the vesting period. The value of the charge is
adjusted to reflect expected and actual levels of vesting.
Taxation
The tax expense included in the Group Income Statement consists of current
and deferred tax.
Current tax is the expected tax payable on the taxable income for the year, using
tax rates enacted or substantively enacted by the balance sheet date. Tax
expense is recognised in the Group Income Statement except to the extent that
it relates to items recognised in the Group Statement of Comprehensive Income
or directly in the Group Statement of Changes in Equity, in which case it is
recognised in the Group Statement of Comprehensive Income or directly in the
Group Statement of Changes in Equity, respectively.
Deferred tax is provided using the balance sheet liability method,
providing for temporary differences between the carrying amounts of
assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used
for taxation purposes.
Deferred tax is calculated at the tax rates that have been enacted or
substantively enacted by the balance sheet date. Deferred tax is charged
or credited in the Group Income Statement, except when it relates to items
charged or credited directly to equity or other comprehensive income, in which
case the deferred tax is also recognised in equity, or other comprehensive
income, respectively.
Deferred tax assets are recognised to the extent that it is probable that
taxable profits will be available against which deductible temporary
differences can be utilised.
The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at each balance
sheet date and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that
sufficient taxable profits will be available to allow all or part of the assets
to be recovered.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset against each other when there is
a legally enforceable right to set off current taxation assets against current
taxation liabilities and it is the intention to settle these on a net basis.
Foreign currencies
Transactions in foreign currencies are translated at the exchange rate on the
date of the transaction. At each balance sheet date, monetary assets and
liabilities that are denominated in foreign currencies are retranslated at the
rates prevailing on the balance sheet date. All differences are taken to the Group
Income Statement.
The assets and liabilities of overseas subsidiaries denominated in foreign
currencies are translated into Pounds Sterling at exchange rates prevailing
at the date of the Group Balance Sheet; profits and losses are translated
at average exchange rates for the relevant accounting periods. Exchange
differences arising are recognised in the Group Statement of Comprehensive
Income and are included in the Group’s translation reserve. Such translation
differences are recognised as income or expenses in the period in which the
operation is disposed of.
Goodwill and fair value adjustments arising on the acquisition of a foreign
entity are treated as assets and liabilities of the foreign entity and translated
at the closing rate.
Financial instruments
Financial assets and financial liabilities are recognised on the Group Balance
Sheet when the Group becomes a party to the contractual provisions of
the instrument.
Trade receivables
Trade receivables are non interest-bearing and are recognised initially at fair
value, and subsequently at amortised cost using the effective interest rate
method, less provision for impairment.
Investments
Investments are recognised at trade date. Investments are classified as
either held for trading or available-for-sale, and are recognised at fair value.
For available-for-sale investments, gains and losses arising from changes in
fair value are recognised directly in other comprehensive income, until the
security is disposed of or is determined to be impaired, at which time the
cumulative gain or loss previously recognised in other comprehensive income
is included in the Group Income Statement for the period. Interest calculated
using the effective interest rate method is recognised in the Group Income
Statement. Dividends on an available-for-sale equity instrument are recognised
in the Group Income Statement when the entity’s right to receive payment
is established.
Loans and advances to customers
Loans and advances to customers are not classified as held for trading nor
designated as fair value through profit and loss. Loans and advances are
initially recognised at fair value plus directly related transaction costs.
Subsequent to initial recognition, these assets are carried at amortised cost
using the effective interest method less any impairment losses. Income from
these financial assets is calculated on an effective yield basis and is
recognised in the Group Income Statement.
Impairment of loans and advances to customers
At each balance sheet date the Group reviews the carrying amounts of its
loans and advances to determine whether there is any indication that those
assets have suffered an impairment loss.
If there is objective evidence that an impairment loss on a financial asset
or group of financial assets classified as loans and advances has been incurred,
the Group measures the amount of the loss as the difference between the
carrying amount of the asset or group of assets and the present value of
estimated future cash flows from the asset or group of assets discounted at
the effective interest rate of the instrument at initial recognition. Impairment
losses are assessed individually for financial assets that are individually
significant and collectively for assets that are not individually significant.
Tesco PLC Annual Report and Financial Statements 2014
77
Other informationGovernanceFinancial statementsStrategic report
Notes to the Group financial statements continued
Note 1 Accounting policies continued
In making collective assessments of impairment, financial assets are grouped
into portfolios on the basis of similar risk characteristics. Future cash flows
from these portfolios are estimated on the basis of the contractual cash flows
and historical loss experience for assets with similar credit risk characteristics.
Historical loss experience is adjusted, on the basis of current observable
data, to reflect the effects of current conditions not affecting the period
of historical experience.
Fair value hedging
Derivative financial instruments are classified as fair value hedges when
they hedge the Group’s exposure to changes in the fair value of a recognised
asset or liability. Changes in the fair value of derivatives that are designated
and qualify as fair value hedges are recorded in the Group Income Statement
together with any changes in the fair value of the hedged item that is
attributable to the hedged risk.
Impairment losses are recognised in the Group Income Statement and
the carrying amount of the financial asset or group of financial assets
is reduced by establishing an allowance for impairment losses. If in a
subsequent period the amount of the impairment loss reduces and the
reduction can be ascribed to an event after the impairment was recognised,
the previously recognised loss is reversed by adjusting the allowance.
Once an impairment loss has been recognised on a financial asset or group
of financial assets, interest income is recognised on the carrying amount
using the rate of interest at which estimated future cash flows were
discounted in measuring impairment.
Loan impairment provisions are established on a portfolio basis taking into
account the level of arrears, security, past loss experience, credit scores and
defaults based on portfolio trends. The most significant factors in establishing
these provisions are the expected loss rates.
The portfolios include credit card receivables and other personal advances.
The future credit quality of these portfolios is subject to uncertainties
that could cause actual credit losses to differ materially from reported
loan impairment provisions. These uncertainties include the economic
environment, notably interest rates and their effect on customer spending,
the unemployment level, payment behaviour and bankruptcy trends.
Interest-bearing borrowings
Interest-bearing bank loans and overdrafts are initially recorded at fair value,
net of attributable transaction costs. Subsequent to initial recognition, interest-
bearing borrowings are stated at amortised cost with any difference between
proceeds and redemption value being recognised in the Group Income
Statement over the period of the borrowings on an effective interest basis.
Trade payables
Trade payables are non interest-bearing and are recognised initially at fair
value and subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective
interest method.
Equity instruments
Equity instruments issued by the Group are recorded at the proceeds
received, net of direct issue costs.
Derivative financial instruments and hedge accounting
The Group uses derivative financial instruments to hedge its exposure
to foreign exchange, interest rate and commodity risks arising from
operating, financing and investing activities. The Group does not hold
or issue derivative financial instruments for trading purposes; however,
if derivatives do not qualify for hedge accounting they are accounted for
as such.
Derivative financial instruments are recognised and stated at fair value.
Where derivatives do not qualify for hedge accounting, any gains or losses on
remeasurement are immediately recognised in the Group Income Statement.
Where derivatives qualify for hedge accounting, recognition of any resultant
gain or loss depends on the nature of the hedge relationship and the item
being hedged. In order to qualify for hedge accounting, the Group is required
to document from inception the relationship between the item being hedged
and the hedging instrument. The Group is also required to document and
demonstrate an assessment of the relationship between the hedged item
and the hedging instrument, which shows that the hedge will be highly
effective on an ongoing basis. This effectiveness testing is performed at
each period end to ensure that the hedge remains highly effective.
Derivative financial instruments with maturity dates of more than one year
from the balance sheet date are disclosed as non-current.
Cash flow hedging
Derivative financial instruments are classified as cash flow hedges when they
hedge the Group’s exposure to variability in cash flows that are either
attributable to a particular risk associated with a recognised asset or liability,
or a highly probable forecasted transaction. The effective element of any
gain or loss from remeasuring the derivative instrument is recognised directly
in other comprehensive income.
The associated cumulative gain or loss is reclassified from other
comprehensive income and recognised in the Group Income Statement in
the same period or periods during which the hedged transaction affects the
Group Income Statement. The classification of the effective portion when
recognised in the Group Income Statement is the same as the classification
of the hedged transaction. Any element of the remeasurement of the
derivative instrument which does not meet the criteria for an effective
hedge is recognised immediately in the Group Income Statement within
finance income or costs.
Hedge accounting is discontinued when the hedging instrument expires or is
sold, terminated or exercised, or no longer qualifies for hedge accounting. At
that point in time, any cumulative gain or loss on the hedging instrument
recognised in equity is retained in the Group Statement of Changes in Equity
until the forecasted transaction occurs or the original hedged item affects the
Group Income Statement. If a forecasted hedged transaction is no longer
expected to occur, the net cumulative gain or loss recognised in the Group
Statement of Changes in Equity is reclassified to the Group Income Statement.
Net investment hedging
Derivative financial instruments are classified as net investment hedges
when they hedge the Group’s net investment in an overseas operation.
The effective element of any foreign exchange gain or loss from remeasuring
the derivative instrument is recognised directly in other comprehensive
income. Any ineffective element is recognised immediately in the Group
Income Statement. Gains and losses accumulated in other comprehensive
income are included in the Group Income Statement when the foreign
operation is disposed of.
Treatment of agreements to acquire non-controlling interests
The Group has entered into a number of agreements to purchase
the remaining shares of subsidiaries with non-controlling interests.
The net present value of the expected future payments are shown as a
financial liability. At the end of each period, the valuation of the liability is
reassessed with any changes recognised in the Group Income Statement
within finance income or costs.
Offsetting financial instruments
Financial assets and liabilities are offset and the net amount reported in
the balance sheet when there is a legally enforceable right to offset the
recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis or
realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.
Provisions
Provisions are measured at the present value of the expenditures expected to
be required to settle the obligation using a pre-tax rate that reflects current
market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the
obligation. The increase in the provision due to passage of time is recognised
as interest expense.
Provisions for onerous leases are recognised when the Group believes that
the unavoidable costs of meeting the lease obligations exceed the economic
benefits expected to be received under the lease. Provisions for dilapidation
costs are recognised on a lease by lease basis.
78
Tesco PLC Annual Report and Financial Statements 2014
Note 1 Accounting policies continued
Standards issued but not yet effective
As of the date of authorisation of these financial statements, the following
standards were in issue but not yet effective. The Group has not applied
these standards in the preparation of the financial statements:
• IFRS 10 ‘Consolidated financial statements’ is effective from periods
commencing on or after 1 January 2014. It builds on existing principles
by identifying the concept of control as the determining factor in whether
an entity should be included within the consolidated financial statements
of the parent company. It also provides additional guidance to assist in
the determination of control where this is difficult to assess.
• IFRS 11 ‘Joint arrangements’ is effective from periods commencing
on or after 1 January 2014. It gives a more realistic reflection of joint
arrangements by focusing on the rights and obligations of the
arrangement rather than its legal form. There are now only two
types of joint arrangement: joint operations and joint ventures.
• IFRS 12 ‘Disclosures of interests in other entities’ is effective from periods
commencing on or after 1 January 2014. It includes the disclosure
requirements for all forms of interests in other entities, including joint
arrangements, associates, special purpose vehicles and other off balance
sheet vehicles.
• IAS 27 (Amended) ‘Separate financial statements’ is effective from
periods commencing on or after 1 January 2014. It includes the provisions
on separate financial statements that are left after the control provisions
of IAS 27 have been included in the new IFRS 10.
• IAS 28 (Amended) ‘Associates and joint ventures’ is effective from periods
commencing on or after 1 January 2014. It includes the requirements for
joint ventures, as well as associates, to be equity accounted following the
issue of IFRS 11. This requirement will not affect the Group because equity
accounting is currently adopted under the existing requirements of IAS 31.
• IAS 32 (Amended) ‘Financial instruments: Presentation’ is effective from
1 January 2014 respectively. The amendment clarifies some of the
requirements for offsetting financial assets and financial liabilities on
the balance sheet.
• IAS 36 (Amended) ‘Impairment of assets’ is effective from periods
commencing on or after 1 January 2014. It addresses the disclosure of
information about the recoverable amount of impaired assets if that
amount is based on fair value less costs of disposal.
• IAS 39 (Amended) ‘Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement’
is effective from periods commencing on or after 1 January 2014.
It provides relief from discontinuing hedge accounting when novation of
a hedging instrument to a central counter party meets specified criteria.
• IFRS 9 ‘Financial instruments’ is effective from periods commencing on or
after 1 January 2018 (tentative decision by IASB). It is a new standard for
financial instruments that is ultimately intended to replace IAS 39. The
replacement project consists of three phases: Phase 1 Classification and
measurement of financial assets and financial liabilities; Phase 2
Impairment methodology; and Phase 3 Hedge accounting.
• IFRIC 21 ‘Levies’ is effective from periods commencing on or after
1 January 2014. It clarifies the timing of recognition of a liability to pay
a levy recognised in accordance with IAS 37 ‘Provisions, Contingent
Liabilities and Contingent Assets’.
• IAS 19 (Amended) ‘Employee benefits: Employee contributions’ is
effective from periods commencing on or after 1 July 2014. It provides
additional guidance on the accounting for contributions from employees
or third parties set out in the formal terms of a defined benefit plan.
• Annual Improvements 2010-2012 and Annual Improvements 2011-2013
are effective from periods commencing on or after 1 July 2014. The
Annual Improvements process covers minor amendments to IFRS that the
IASB consider non-urgent but necessary.
The impact on the Group’s financial statements of the future adoption of
these standards is still under review.
Use of non-GAAP measures
Net debt
Net debt excludes the net debt of Tesco Bank but includes that of the
discontinued operations. Net debt comprises bank and other borrowings,
finance lease payables, net derivative financial instruments, joint venture
loans and other receivables and net interest receivables/payables, offset by
cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments.
Underlying profit before tax
The Directors believe that underlying profit before tax and underlying diluted
earnings per share measures provide additional useful information for
shareholders on underlying trends and performance. These measures are
used for performance analysis. Underlying profit is not defined by IFRS and
therefore may not be directly comparable with other companies’ adjusted
profit measures. It is not intended to be a substitute for, or superior to,
IFRS measurements of profit. Tax impact on non-GAAP measures is included
within Note 9.
The adjustments made to reported profit before tax are:
• IAS 32 and IAS 39 ‘Financial Instruments’ – fair value remeasurements.
Under IAS 32 and IAS 39, the Group applies hedge accounting to its
various hedge relationships when allowed under IAS 39 and when
practical to do so. Sometimes the Group is unable to apply hedge
accounting to the arrangements but continues to enter into these
arrangements as they provide certainty or active management of the
exchange rates and interest rates applicable to the Group. The Group
believes these arrangements remain effective and economically and
commercially viable hedges despite the inability to apply hedge
accounting. Where hedge accounting is not applied to certain hedging
arrangements, the reported results reflect the movement in fair value of
related derivatives due to changes in foreign exchange and interest rates.
In addition, at each year end, any gain or loss accruing on open contracts
is recognised in the Group Income Statement for the financial year,
regardless of the expected outcome of the hedging contract on termination.
This may mean that the Group Income Statement charge is highly volatile,
whilst the resulting cash flows may not be as volatile. The underlying profit
measure removes this volatility to help better identify the underlying
performance of the Group.
• IAS 19 ‘Employee Benefits’ – non-cash Group Income Statement charge
for pensions. Under IAS 19, the cost of providing pension benefits in the
future is discounted to a present value at the corporate bond yield rates
applicable on the last day of the previous financial year. Corporate bond
yield rates vary over time which in turn creates volatility in the Group
Income Statement and Group Balance Sheet. IAS 19 also increases the
charge for young pension schemes, such as the Group’s, by requiring the
use of rates which do not take into account the future expected returns on
the assets held in the pension scheme which will fund pension liabilities as
they fall due. The sum of these two effects can make the IAS 19 charge
disproportionately higher and more volatile than the cash contributions
the Group is required to make in order to fund all future liabilities.
Therefore, within underlying profit the Group has included the ‘normal’
cash contributions for pensions but excluded the volatile element of IAS 19 to
represent what the Group believes to be a fairer measure of the cost of
providing post-employment benefits.
• IAS 17 ‘Leases’ – impact of annual uplifts in rent and rent-free periods.
Some operating leases have been structured in a way to increase annual
lease costs as the businesses expand. IAS 17 requires the total expected cost
of a lease to be recognised on a straight-line basis over the term of the
lease, irrespective of the actual timing of the cost. This adjustment also
impacts the Group’s operating profit and rental income within the share
of post-tax profits of joint ventures and associates.
• IFRS 3 (Revised) ‘Business Combinations’ – intangible asset amortisation
charges and costs arising from acquisitions. Under IFRS 3 intangible assets
are separately identified and fair valued. The intangible assets are required
to be amortised on a straight-line basis over their useful lives and as such is a
non-cash charge that does not reflect the underlying performance of the
business acquired. Similarly, the standard requires all acquisition costs to be
expensed in the Group Income Statement. Due to their nature, these costs
have been excluded from underlying profit as they do not reflect the
underlying performance of the Group.
• IFRIC 13 ‘Customer Loyalty Programmes’ – fair value of awards.
The interpretation requires the fair value of customer loyalty awards
to be measured as a separate component of a sales transaction.
The underlying profit measure removes this fair value allocation
to present underlying business performance, and to reflect the
performance of the operating segments as measured by management.
• Restructuring and other one-off costs. These relate to certain costs
associated with the Group’s restructuring activities and certain one-off
costs including costs relating to fair valuing the assets of a disposal group.
These have been excluded from underlying profit as they do not reflect the
underlying performance of the Group.
• Profits/losses from property-related items. These relate to the Group’s
property activities including gains and losses on disposal of property assets,
development property built for resale and property joint ventures; costs
resulting from changes in the Group’s store portfolio and distribution
network, including pre-opening and post closure costs; and income/
(charges) associated with impairment of non-trading property and related
onerous contracts. These have been excluded from underlying profit as
they do not reflect the underlying performance of the Group.
Tesco PLC Annual Report and Financial Statements 2014
79
Other informationGovernanceFinancial statementsStrategic report
Notes to the Group financial statements continued
Note 2 Segmental reporting
The Group’s reporting segments are determined based on the Group’s internal reporting to the Chief Operating Decision Maker (‘CODM’). The CODM has
been determined to be the Executive Committee as it is primarily responsible for the allocation of resources to segments and the assessment of performance
of the segments.
The Group’s Chinese (previously reported as part of the Asia segment) and US operations have been treated as discontinued as described in more detail in
Notes 1 and 7. The segment results do not include any amounts for these discontinued operations.
The CODM considers the principal activities of the Group to be:
• Retailing and associated activities in:
− the UK;
− Asia – India, Malaysia, South Korea, Thailand; and
− Europe – Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, the Republic of Ireland, Slovakia, and Turkey.
• Retail banking and insurance services through Tesco Bank in the UK.
The CODM uses trading profit, as reviewed at monthly Executive Committee meetings, as the key measure of the segments’ results as it reflects the
segments’ underlying trading performance for the financial year under evaluation. Trading profit is a consistent measure within the Group.
Segment trading profit is an adjusted measure of operating profit and measures the performance of each segment before profits/losses arising on property-
related items, the impact on leases of annual uplifts in rent and rent-free periods, intangible asset amortisation charges and costs arising from acquisitions,
and goodwill impairment and restructuring and other one-off costs. The IAS 19 pension charge is replaced with the ‘normal’ cash contributions for pensions.
An adjustment is also made for the fair value of customer loyalty awards.
Inter-segment revenue between the operating segments is not material.
The segment results, which do not include any amounts for discontinued operations, the reconciliation of the segment measures to the respective statutory items
included in the Group Income Statement, the segment assets and other segment information are as follows:
UK
£m
Asia
£m
Europe
£m
48,177
43,570
(513)
43,057
2,191
5.0%
10,807
10,181
(32)
10,149
683
6.7%
Tesco
Bank
£m
1,003
1,003
–
1,003
194
19.3%
Tesco
Bank
£m
1,003
1,003
–
1,003
194
19.3%
Total at
constant
exchange
£m
Foreign
exchange
£m
Total
at actual
exchange
£m
70,582
63,871
(590)
63,281
3,289
5.1%
312
278
(2)
276
26
–
70,894
64,149
(592)
63,557
3,315
5.2%
Total
at actual
exchange
£m
70,894
64,149
(592)
63,557
3,315
5.2%
10,595
9,117
(45)
9,072
221
2.4%
Europe
£m
10,767
9,267
(46)
9,221
238
2.6%
Year ended 22 February 2014
At constant exchange rates*
Continuing operations
Sales including VAT (excluding IFRIC 13)
Revenue (excluding IFRIC 13)
Effect of IFRIC 13
Revenue
Trading profit
Trading margin†
UK
£m
Asia
£m
Year ended 22 February 2014
At actual exchange rates**
Continuing operations
Sales including VAT (excluding IFRIC 13)
Revenue (excluding IFRIC 13)
Effect of IFRIC 13
Revenue
Trading profit
Trading margin†
* Constant exchange rates are the average actual periodic exchange rates for the previous financial year.
** Actual exchange rates are the average actual periodic exchange rates for that financial year.
† Trading margin is based on revenue excluding the accounting impact of IFRIC 13.
10,947
10,309
(33)
10,276
692
6.7%
48,177
43,570
(513)
43,057
2,191
5.0%
80
Tesco PLC Annual Report and Financial Statements 2014
Note 2 Segmental reporting continued
Year ended 23 February 2013
At actual exchange rates*
Continuing operations
Sales including VAT (excluding IFRIC 13)
Revenue (excluding IFRIC 13)
Effect of IFRIC 13
Revenue
Trading profit
Trading margin†
UK
£m
Asia
£m
Europe
£m
48,219
43,582
(491)
43,091
2,272
5.2%
10,663
10,045
(25)
10,020
733
7.3%
10,809
9,319
(45)
9,274
329
3.5%
Tesco
Bank
£m
1,021
1,021
–
1,021
191
18.7%
Reconciliation of trading profit to profit for the year from continuing operations
Trading profit
Adjustments:
IAS 19 ‘Employee Benefits’ – non-cash Group Income Statement charge for pensions
IAS 17 ‘Leases’ – impact of annual uplifts in rent and rent-free periods
IFRS 3 ‘Business Combinations’ – intangible asset amortisation charges and costs arising from acquisitions
IFRIC 13 ‘Customer Loyalty Programmes’ – fair value of awards
Restructuring and other one-off items:
Impairment of PPE and onerous lease provisions included within cost of sales***
Impairment of PPE and onerous lease provisions included within profits/losses arising on property-related items
Impairment of goodwill
Provision for customer redress
Other restructuring and one-off items
Other profits/losses arising on property-related items
Operating profit
Share of post-tax profits of joint ventures and associates
Finance income
Finance costs
Profit before tax
Taxation
Profit for the year from continuing operations
Segment assets
At 22 February 2014
Total segment non-current assets
Total segment non-current assets includes:
UK
£m
15,483
Asia
£m
6,814
Europe
£m
5,118
Tesco
Bank
£m
5,483
Other/
unallocated
£m
1,694
Investments in joint ventures and associates
122
87
–
77
–
Total
at actual
exchange
£m
70,712
63,967
(561)
63,406
3,525
5.5%
2014
£m
3,315
2013
(restated**)
£m
3,525
(11)
(28)
(14)
(10)
(734)
98
–
(63)
(102)
180
2,631
60
132
(564)
2,259
(347)
1,912
4
(25)
(19)
(28)
(161)
(709)
(495)
(115)
(14)
419
2,382
72
120
(517)
2,057
(529)
1,528
Total
£m
34,592
286
Total
£m
37,033
UK
£m
14,532
Asia****
£m
7,399
Europe
£m
6,471
Tesco
Bank
£m
4,709
Other/
unallocated
£m
2,008
Total
continuing
operations
£m
35,119
Discontinued
operations****
£m
1,914
At 23 February 2013
Total segment non-current assets
Total segment non-current assets includes:
Investments in joint ventures and associates
104
107
1
95
–
307
187
494
* Actual exchange rates are the average actual periodic exchange rates for that financial year.
** Restated for amendments to IAS 19 as explained in Note 1.
*** Included in £734m (2013: £161m) is £707m (2013: £67m) of PPE impairment.
****China has been re-presented from Asia in this table into discontinued operations for comparison purposes.
† Trading margin is based on revenue excluding the accounting impact of IFRIC 13.
Tesco PLC Annual Report and Financial Statements 2014
81
Other informationGovernanceFinancial statementsStrategic report
Notes to the Group financial statements continued
Note 2 Segmental reporting continued
Other segment information
Year ended 22 February 2014
Capital expenditure (including acquisitions through
business combinations):
Property, plant and equipment
Investment property
Goodwill and other intangible assets
Depreciation:
Property, plant and equipment
Investment property
Amortisation of intangible assets
Goodwill impairment losses
Impairment losses
Reversal of prior year impairment losses
Year ended 23 February 2013
Capital expenditure (including acquisitions through
business combinations):
Property, plant and equipment
Investment property
Goodwill and other intangible assets
Depreciation:
Property, plant and equipment
Investment property
Amortisation of intangible assets
Goodwill impairment losses
Impairment losses
Reversal of prior year impairment losses
*
UK
£m
1,370
–
303
(642)
–
(122)
–
(87)
135
Asia
£m
Europe
£m
Tesco
Bank
£m
Total
continuing
operations
£m
Discontinued
operations*
£m
737
–
22
(320)
(10)
(15)
–
(39)
8
253
–
28
(307)
(9)
(24)
–
(761)
11
16
–
86
(17)
–
(66)
–
–
–
2,376
–
439
(1,286)
(19)
(227)
–
(887)
154
86
–
5
(26)
–
(4)
–
–
–
UK
£m
Asia*
£m
Europe
£m
Tesco
Bank
£m
Total
continuing
operations
£m
Discontinued
operations*
£m
1,207
–
207
(630)
–
(130)
–
(654)
1
688
40
20
(279)
(21)
(13)
–
(36)
–
434
3
39
(288)
(15)
(22)
(495)
(92)
2
13
–
97
(16)
–
(61)
–
–
–
2,342
43
363
(1,213)
(36)
(226)
(495)
(782)
3
297
–
9
(109)
–
(6)
–
(68)
3
Total
£m
2,462
–
444
(1,312)
(19)
(231)
–
(887)
154
Total
£m
2,639
43
372
(1,322)
(36)
(232)
(495)
(850)
6
Discontinued operations in this table represents amounts up until the point a disposal group is classified as such. The year ended 22 February 2014 represents China for the
first six months of the financial year and the previous financial year represents the US and China for the full year.
Note 3 Income and expenses
Continuing operations
Profit before tax is stated after charging/(crediting) the following:
Rental income, of which £34m (2013: £493m) relates to investment properties*
Direct operating expenses arising on rental earning investment properties
Costs of inventories recognised as an expense
Stock losses
Depreciation, amortisation and impairment charged
Operating lease expenses, of which £102m (2013: £125m) relates to hire of plant and machinery
Impairment of goodwill
* Refer to Note 11 for detail of £1,623m reclassification of investment property to property, plant and equipment in the year.
2014
£m
(512)
5
46,832
1,316
2,265
1,414
–
2013
£m
(518)
165
47,424
1,157
2,254
1,287
495
During the financial year the Group obtained the following services from the Group’s auditor, PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, and network firms:
Audit services
Fees payable to the Company’s auditor and its associates for the audit of the Company and Group financial statements
The audit of the accounts of the Company’s subsidiaries
Audit-related assurance services
Total audit and audit related services
Non-audit services
Fees payable to the Company’s auditor and its associates for other services:
Taxation compliance services
Taxation advisory services
All other non-audit services
Total auditor remuneration
2014
£m
2013
£m
0.8
3.5
1.2
5.5
–
0.6
4.1
10.2
0.8
3.8
–
4.6
0.1
0.4
2.4
7.5
In addition to the amounts shown above, the auditor received fees of £0.2m (2013: £0.1m) for the audit of the main Group pension scheme.
A description of the work of the Audit Committee is set out in the Corporate Governance Report on page 33 and includes how objectivity and independence is
safeguarded when non-audit services are provided by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP.
82
Tesco PLC Annual Report and Financial Statements 2014
Note 4 Employment costs, including Directors’ remuneration
Continuing operations
Wages and salaries
Social security costs
Post-employment defined benefits (Note 26)
Post-employment defined contributions (Note 26)
Share-based payments expense (Note 25)
The average number of employees by operating segment during the financial year was:
UK
Asia
Europe
Tesco Bank
Total
Average number
of employees
2013
313,885
94,869
94,712
3,390
506,856
2014
317,847
96,296
92,694
3,607
510,444
Average number of
full-time equivalents
2013
2014
213,304
217,158
87,433
88,616
84,469
82,741
3,169
3,353
388,375
391,868
Note 5 Finance income and costs
Continuing operations
Finance income
Bank interest receivable and similar income on cash and cash equivalents
Total finance income
Finance costs
Interest payable on short-term bank loans and overdrafts repayable within five years
Finance charges payable under finance leases and hire purchase contracts
GBP MTNs
EUR MTNs
USD Bonds
Other MTNs
Capitalised Interest (Note 11)
Net pension finance costs (Note 26)
IAS 39 ‘Financial Instruments’ – fair value remeasurements
Total finance costs
* Restated for amendments to IAS 19 as explained in Note 1.
GBP MTNs
Interest payable on the 4% RPI GBP MTN 2016 includes £9m (2013: £8m) of Retail Price Index (‘RPI’) related amortisation.
Interest payable on the 3.322% LPI GBP MTN 2025 includes £11m (2013: £9m) of RPI related amortisation.
Interest payable on the 1.982% RPI GBP MTN 2036 includes £7m (2013: £7m) of RPI related amortisation.
Note 6 Taxation
Recognised in the Group Income Statement
Continuing operations
Current tax expense
UK corporation tax
Foreign tax
Adjustments in respect of prior years
Deferred tax expense
Origination and reversal of temporary differences
Adjustments in respect of prior years
Change in tax rate
Total income tax expense
* Restated for amendments to IAS 19 as explained in Note 1.
2014
£m
6,144
471
542
32
82
7,271
2013
£m
5,847
448
482
19
89
6,885
2014
£m
132
132
(68)
(10)
(223)
(130)
(91)
(4)
79
(106)
(11)
(564)
2013
(restated*)
£m
120
120
(72)
(10)
(219)
(157)
(88)
(6)
123
(73)
(15)
(517)
2014
£m
2013
(restated*)
£m
519
203
(50)
672
(93)
(85)
(147)
(325)
347
507
266
(99)
674
(38)
(5)
(102)
(145)
529
The Finance Act 2012 included legislation to reduce the main rate of UK corporation tax from 26% to 24% from 1 April 2012 and to 23% from 1 April 2013.
In the December 2012 Budget Statement it was announced that the UK rate would be reduced from 23% to 21% from 1 April 2014 and in the March 2013
Budget Statement it was announced that the rate would be further reduced to 20% by 1 April 2015. These further rate reductions were substantively enacted
by the balance sheet date and are therefore included in these consolidated financial statements.
Tesco PLC Annual Report and Financial Statements 2014
83
Other informationGovernanceFinancial statementsStrategic report
Notes to the Group financial statements continued
Note 6 Taxation continued
Reconciliation of effective tax charge
Profit before tax
Tax charge at 23.1% (2013: 24.2%)
Effect of:
Non-deductible expenses
Differences in overseas taxation rates
Adjustments in respect of prior years
Share of profits of joint ventures and associates
Change in tax rate
Total income tax charge for the year
Effective tax rate
Tax on items credited directly to the Group Statement of Changes in Equity
Current tax credit/(charge) on:
Share-based payments
Deferred tax (charge)/credit on:
Share-based payments
Total tax on items charged to Group Statement of Changes in Equity
Tax relating to components of the Group Statement of Comprehensive Income
Current tax credit/(charge) on:
Pensions
Foreign exchange movements
Fair value of movement on available-for-sale investments
Fair value movements on cash flow hedges
Deferred tax credit/(charge) on:
Pensions
Fair value movements on cash flow hedges
Total tax on items credited to Group Statement of Comprehensive Income
2014
£m
2,259
(522)
(109)
(12)
135
14
147
(347)
15.4%
2013
(restated*)
£m
2,057
(498)
(291)
36
104
18
102
(529)
25.7%
2014
£m
2013
£m
1
(1)
–
(6)
1
(5)
2014
£m
2013
(restated*)
£m
–
58
–
4
67
35
164
43
(27)
6
–
56
(3)
75
Deferred tax
The following are the major deferred tax (liabilities)/assets recognised by the Group and movements thereon during the current and prior financial years:
Property-
related
items**
£m
(1,689)
87
–
Retirement
benefit
obligation
£m
465
17
–
Share-based
payments
£m
11
9
1
Short-term
timing
differences
£m
64
9
–
Tax losses
£m
24
21
–
Financial
Instruments
£m
(22)
1
–
Other
pre/post
tax
temporary
differences
£m
10
1
–
Total
(restated*)
£m
(1,137)
145
1
–
–
–
(20)
(1,622)
282
–
56
–
–
1
539
29
–
–
–
–
–
21
19
(1)
–
5
1
4
83
9
–
–
(8)
1
2
40
(19)
–
(3)
–
–
–
(24)
2
–
–
(3)
(2)
1
7
3
–
At 25 February 2012
Credit to the Group Income Statement
Charge to Group Statement of Changes in Equity
Credit/(charge) to Group Statement of Comprehensive
Income
Discontinued operations
Business combinations
Foreign exchange and other movements***
At 23 February 2013
Credit/(charge) to the Group Income Statement
(Charge) to Group Statement of Changes in Equity
Credit/(charge) to Group Statement of Comprehensive
Income
–
3
–
–
42
–
–
–
32
(1,308)
67
–
–
(1)
634
Discontinued operations
Business combinations
Foreign exchange and other movements***
At 22 February 2014
* Restated for amendments to IAS 19 as explained in Note 1.
** Property-related items include a deferred tax liability on rolled over gains of £294m (2013: £340m) and deferred tax assets on capital losses of £58m (2013: £71m).
The remaining balance relates to accelerated tax depreciation.
*** The deferred tax charge for foreign exchange and other movements is £14m credit (2013: £12m debit) relating to the retranslation of deferred tax balances at the balance
sheet date and is included within the Group Statement of Comprehensive Income under the heading currency translation differences.
84
Tesco PLC Annual Report and Financial Statements 2014
–
5
–
(13)
84
–
7
–
(4)
24
35
–
–
–
13
–
–
–
–
10
53
(6)
–
(12)
(956)
325
(1)
102
15
–
14
(501)
Note 6 Taxation continued
Certain deferred tax assets and liabilities have been offset and analysed as follows:
Deferred tax assets
Deferred tax liabilities
Deferred tax assets/(liabilities) relating to disposal group
2014
£m
73
(594)
20
(501)
2013
£m
58
(1,006)
(8)
(956)
No deferred tax liability is recognised on temporary differences of £4.0bn (2013: £3.6bn) relating to the unremitted earnings of overseas subsidiaries and joint
ventures as the Group is able to control the timing of the reversal of these temporary differences and it is probable that they will not reverse in the foreseeable
future. The deferred tax on unremitted earnings at 22 February 2014 is estimated to be £213m (2013: £159m) which relates to taxes payable on repatriation
and dividend withholding taxes levied by overseas tax jurisdictions. UK tax legislation relating to company distributions provides for exemption from tax for
most repatriated profits, subject to certain exceptions.
Unrecognised deferred tax assets
Deferred tax assets in relation to continuing operations have not been recognised in respect of the following items (because it is not probable that future
taxable profits will be available against which the Group can utilise the benefits):
Deductible temporary differences
Tax losses
2014
£m
27
66
93
2013
£m
3
52
55
As at 22 February 2014, the Group has unused trading tax losses from continuing operations of £398m (2013: £379m) available for offset against future
profits. A deferred tax asset has been recognised in respect of £95m (2013: £162m) of such losses. No deferred tax asset has been recognised in respect of
the remaining £303m (2013: £217m) due to the unpredictability of future profit streams. Included in unrecognised tax losses are losses of £71m that will
expire in 2018 (2013: £92m in 2017) and £142m that will expire between 2019 and 2034 (2013: £37m between 2018 and 2033). Other losses will be carried
forward indefinitely.
Note 7 Discontinued operations and non-current assets classified as held for sale
Assets of disposal groups*
Non-current assets classified as held for sale
Total assets of the disposal groups and non-current assets classified as held for sale
Total liabilities of the disposal groups*
Total net assets classified as held for sale
* The year ending 22 February 2014 represents China and the US, while the year ending 23 February 2013 represents the US.
The non-current assets classified as held for sale consist mainly of properties in the UK and Korea due to be sold within one year.
2014
£m
2,160
327
2,487
(1,193)
1,294
2013
£m
307
324
631
(282)
349
Tesco PLC Annual Report and Financial Statements 2014
85
Other informationGovernanceFinancial statementsStrategic report
Notes to the Group financial statements continued
Note 7 Discontinued operations and non-current assets classified as held for sale continued
Discontinued operations
During the period, the Group entered into definitive agreements, subject to the usual regulatory approvals, with China Resources Enterprise, Limited (‘CRE’)
to combine respective Chinese retail operations. The definitive agreements allow for the exchange of the Group’s Chinese retail and property interests plus
cash of HK$4,325m for a 20% interest in the combined businesses.
In the second half of the financial year, independent valuations were completed, for accounting purposes, of both businesses separately to determine the fair
value of the consideration for the disposal. As a result of these valuations, the Group has concluded a charge of £540m is required to remeasure the assets
and liabilities of the disposal group to the fair value less costs to sell. The valuation was completed by considering a number of different commercial valuation
methodologies rather than relying on any single method. The different methodologies included discounted cash flows, enterprise value (‘EV’) / revenue multiples
and income approach for Tesco and CRE businesses as appropriate. Observable and unobservable inputs have been used in the models and therefore the fair
value is classified as level 3 within the fair value hierarchy. The key unobservable inputs used included discount rates (from 7.5% to 10.5%), long term growth
rates (from 3.0% to 4.0%) and EV/revenue multiples (from 0.6x to 1.0x).
IFRS 13 ‘Fair value measurement’ requires these valuations to be produced on a standalone existing basis for each business and consequently they do not
incorporate the significant long term synergies and strategic value that the Directors believe exist in the new enlarged business.
On 27 November 2013 the Group completed a sale of the substantive part of its US operations to YFE Holdings, Inc. The remaining assets of the US operation
are in the process of being disposed of as part of an orderly restructuring process. In addition, the exit of the Japanese operations was successfully completed
on 1 January 2013.
The above operations have been classified as disposal groups classified as held for sale in accordance with IFRS 5 ‘Non-current assets held for sale and
discontinued operations’.
The tables below show the results of the discontinued operations which are included in the Group Income Statement, Group Balance Sheet and Group Cash
Flow Statement respectively. At 23 February 2013, the Group’s Chinese operations had not yet been classified as held for sale; assets and liabilities of the
disposal group at this date comprise only those of the US.
Income Statement
Revenue
Cost of sales*
Administrative expenses
Loss arising on property-related items
Share of post-tax losses on joint ventures and associates
Finance costs
Loss before tax of discontinued operations
Taxation
Loss after tax of discontinued operations
Loss after tax of discontinued operations in Japan**
Total loss after tax of discontinued operations
2014
£m
496
(532)
(104)
(125)
–
(1)
(266)
6
(260)
US
2013
£m
697
(1,567)
(50)
(286)
–
(4)
(1,210)
(5)
(1,215)
2014
£m
1,489
(2,060)
(89)
–
(17)
3
(674)
(8)
(682)
China
2013
£m
1,420
(1,485)
(80)
(49)
(18)
(10)
(222)
(16)
(238)
Loss per share impact from discontinued operations
Basic
Diluted
*
** The results of Japan are for the 44 weeks ended 1 January 2013, when there was an exit from the operations.
Including total operating lease expense of £149m (2013: £60m).
2014
£m
1,985
(2,592)
(193)
(125)
(17)
2
(940)
(2)
(942)
–
(942)
Total
2013
£m
2,117
(3,052)
(130)
(335)
(18)
(14)
(1,432)
(21)
(1,453)
(51)
(1,504)
(11.68p)
(11.66p)
(18.72p)
(18.71p)
2014
£m
US
2013
£m
2014
£m
China
2013
£m
2014
£m
Total
2013
£m
(266)
(1,210)
(674)
(222)
(940)
(1,432)
–
6
118
–
28
–
5
812
80
113
(5)
14
–
540
28
–
(97)
(1)
11
25
–
37
49
(101)
(5)
20
118
540
56
19
(192)
(1)
16
837
80
150
77
(273)
(21)
(294)
Non-GAAP measure: underlying loss before tax
Loss before tax on discontinued operations
Adjustments for:
IAS 32 and IAS 39 ‘Financial Instruments’ – fair value remeasurements
IAS 17 ‘Leases’ – impact of annual uplifts in rent and rent-free periods
Restructuring and other one-off costs*
Impairment of PPE and onerous lease provisions
Impairment of goodwill
Other restructuring and one-off costs
Other losses arising on property-related items
Underlying loss before tax of discontinued operations in the US & China
Underlying loss before tax of discontinued operations in Japan**
Total underlying loss before tax of discontinued operations
* Comprises fair value remeasurements, less costs to sell.
** The results of Japan are for the 44 weeks ended 1 January 2013, when there was an exit from the operations.
19
(95)
28
(172)
86
Tesco PLC Annual Report and Financial Statements 2014
Note 7 Discontinued operations and non-current assets classified as held for sale continued
Balance sheet
Assets of the disposal groups
Goodwill and other intangible assets
Property, plant and equipment
Investments in joint ventures and associates
Inventories
Trade and other receivables
Cash and cash equivalents
Total assets of the disposal groups
Liabilities of the disposal groups
Trade and other payables
Borrowings
Other current liabilities
Total liabilities of the disposal groups
Total net assets of the disposal groups
US
2014
£m
–
30
–
–
–
48
78
(33)
–
(13)
(46)
32
China
2014
£m
100
1,145
162
138
278
259
2,082
(864)
(283)
–
(1,147)
935
Total
£m
100
1,175
162
138
278
307
2,160
(897)
(283)
(13)
(1,193)
967
Future minimum rentals payable under non-cancellable operating leases associated with operations in China and the US at 22 February 2014 were £1,495m
and £65m respectively (2013: £684m in the US).
Assets of the disposal group
Property, plant and equipment
Inventories
Trade and other receivables
Cash and cash equivalents
Total assets of the disposal group
Liabilities of the disposal group
Trade and other payables
Borrowings
Other current liabilities
Total liabilities of the disposal group
Total net liabilities of the disposal group
Cash flow statement
Net cash flows from operating activities
Net cash flows from investing activities
Net cash flows from financing activities
Net cash flows from discontinued operations
Intra-Group funding and intercompany transactions
Net cash flows from discontinued operations, net of intercompany
2014
£m
(106)
(1)
(7)
(114)
146
32
US
2013
£m
(145)
(98)
7
(236)
243
7
2014
£m
(66)
(290)
159
(197)
217
20
China
2013
£m
(26)
(276)
(124)
(426)
412
(14)
Japan
2013
£m
4
(48)
(1)
(45)
40
(5)
2014
£m
(172)
(291)
152
(311)
363
52
US
2013
£m
241
32
15
19
307
(192)
(7)
(83)
(282)
25
Total
2013
£m
(167)
(422)
(118)
(707)
695
(12)
Tesco PLC Annual Report and Financial Statements 2014
87
Other informationGovernanceFinancial statementsStrategic report
Notes to the Group financial statements continued
Note 8 Dividends
Amounts recognised as distributions to owners in the financial year:
Prior financial year final dividend
Current financial year interim dividend
Dividends paid to equity owners in the financial year
Current financial year proposed final dividend
2014
pence/share
£m pence/share
2013
£m
813
371
1,184
815
374
1,189
10.13
4.63
14.76
10.13
4.63
14.76
10.13
819
10.13
815
The proposed final dividend was approved by the Board of Directors on 15 April 2014 and is subject to the approval of shareholders at the Annual General
Meeting. The proposed dividend has not been included as a liability as at 22 February 2014, in accordance with IAS 10 ‘Events after the reporting period’.
It will be paid on 4 July 2014 to shareholders who are on the Register of members at close of business on 2 May 2014.
Note 9 Earnings per share and diluted earnings per share
Basic earnings per share amounts are calculated by dividing the profit attributable to owners of the parent by the weighted average number of ordinary
shares in issue during the financial year.
Diluted earnings per share amounts are calculated by dividing the profit attributable to owners of the parent by the weighted average number of ordinary
shares in issue during the financial year adjusted for the effects of potentially dilutive options. The dilutive effect is calculated on the full exercise of all
potentially dilutive ordinary share options granted by the Group, including performance-based options which the Group considers to have been earned.
Profit/(loss) (£m)
Continuing operations
Discontinued operations
Weighted average number of shares (millions)
Earnings per share (pence)
Continuing operations
Discontinued operations
Total
2014
2013 (restated*)
Potentially
dilutive
share options
Basic
Diluted
Basic
Potentially
dilutive
share options
1,916
(942)
8,068
23.75
(11.68)
12.07
–
–
10
(0.03)
0.02
(0.01)
1,916
(942)
8,078
23.72
(11.66)
12.06
1,532
(1,504)
8,033
19.07
(18.72)
0.35
–
–
4
(0.01)
0.01
–
Diluted
1,532
(1,504)
8,037
19.06
(18.71)
0.35
There have been no transactions involving ordinary shares between the reporting date and the date of approval of these financial statements which would
significantly change the earnings per share calculations shown above.
Reconciliation of non-GAAP underlying diluted earnings per share
Profit from continuing operations (Diluted)
Adjustments for:
IAS 32 and IAS 39 ‘Financial Instruments’ – fair value remeasurements
IAS 19 ‘Employee Benefits’ – non-cash Group Income Statement charge for pensions
IAS 17 ‘Leases’ – impact of annual uplifts in rent and rent-free periods
IFRS 3 ‘Business Combinations’ – intangible asset amortisation charges and
costs arising from acquisitions
IFRIC 13 ‘Customer Loyalty Programmes’ – fair value of awards
Restructuring and other one-off costs:
Impairment of PPE and onerous lease provisions included within costs of sales
Impairment of PPE and onerous lease provisions included within profits/losses arising on property-related items
Impairment of goodwill
Provision for customer redress
Other restructuring and one-off items
Other profits/losses arising on property-related items
Tax effect of adjustments at the effective rate of tax** (2014: 15.4%, 2013: 17.4%)
Underlying earnings from continuing operations
* Restated for amendments to IAS 19 as explained in Note 1.
** The effective tax rate of 15.4% (2013: 17.4%) excludes certain permanent differences on which tax relief is not available.
(122)
2,589
2014
2013 (restated*)
£m pence/share
23.72
1,916
£m pence/share
19.06
1,532
11
117
22
14
10
734
(98)
–
63
102
(180)
0.14
1.45
0.27
0.17
0.12
9.09
(1.21)
–
0.78
1.26
(2.23)
(1.51)
32.05
15
69
17
19
28
161
709
495
115
14
(419)
(43)
2,712
0.19
0.86
0.21
0.24
0.35
2.00
8.82
6.16
1.43
0.17
(5.21)
(0.54)
33.74
88
Tesco PLC Annual Report and Financial Statements 2014
Note 10 Goodwill and other intangible assets
Internally
generated
development
costs
£m
Pharmacy
and
software
licences
£m
Other
intangible
assets
£m
Goodwill
£m
Cost
At 23 February 2013
Foreign currency translation
Additions
Reclassification
Disposals
Transfer to disposal group classified as held for sale
At 22 February 2014
Accumulated amortisation and impairment losses
At 23 February 2013
Foreign currency translation
Amortisation for the year
Reclassification
Disposals
Transfer to disposal group classified as held for sale
At 22 February 2014
Net carrying value
At 22 February 2014
At 23 February 2013
Cost
At 25 February 2012
Foreign currency translation
Additions
Reclassification
Disposals
Transfer to disposal group classified as held for sale
At 23 February 2013
Accumulated amortisation and impairment losses
At 25 February 2012
Foreign currency translation
Amortisation for the year
Impairment losses for the year
At 23 February 2013
366
(12)
23
2
(1)
–
378
261
(3)
19
2
(1)
–
278
3,580
(111)
60
–
–
(649)
2,880
626
(32)
–
–
–
–
594
Total
£m
6,605
(169)
444
9
(81)
(700)
6,108
2,243
(62)
231
2
(79)
(22)
2,313
1,655
(6)
245
(31)
(70)
–
1,793
916
(3)
111
(48)
(68)
–
908
885
739
1,004
(40)
116
38
(10)
(51)
1,057
440
(24)
101
48
(10)
(22)
533
524
564
100
105
2,286
2,954
3,795
4,362
Internally
generated
development
costs
£m
Pharmacy
and
software
licences
£m
Other
intangible
assets
£m
Goodwill
£m
1,454
1
161
40
(1)
–
1,655
777
2
121
16
916
726
16
170
97
(5)
–
1,004
340
9
91
–
440
347
4
13
2
–
–
366
241
–
20
–
261
3,548
84
28
–
–
(80)
3,580
99
32
–
495
626
Total
£m
6,075
105
372
139
(6)
(80)
6,605
1,457
43
232
511
2,243
Tesco PLC Annual Report and Financial Statements 2014
89
Other informationGovernanceFinancial statementsStrategic report
Notes to the Group financial statements continued
Note 10 Goodwill and other intangible assets continued
Impairment of goodwill
Goodwill arising on business combinations is not amortised but is reviewed for impairment on an annual basis, or more frequently if there are indications
that goodwill may be impaired. Goodwill acquired in a business combination is allocated to groups of cash-generating units according to the level at which
management monitor that goodwill.
Recoverable amounts for cash-generating units are based on the higher of value in use and fair value less costs of disposal. Value in use is calculated from
cash flow projections for generally five years using data from the Group’s latest internal forecasts, the results of which are reviewed by the Board. The key
assumptions for the value in use calculations are those regarding discount rates, growth rates and expected changes in margins. Management estimates
discount rates using pre-tax rates that reflect the current market assessment of the time value of money and the risks specific to the cash-generating units.
Changes in selling prices and direct costs are based on past experience and expectations of future changes in the market. Given the current economic climate,
a sensitivity analysis has been performed in assessing the recoverable amounts of goodwill.
The pre-tax discount rates used to calculate value in use range from 7% to 11% (2013: 7% to 12%). On a post-tax basis, the discount rates range from 6% to
8% (2013: 5% to 10%). These discount rates are derived from the Group’s post-tax weighted average cost of capital, as adjusted for the specific risks relating
to each cash-generating unit.
The forecasts are extrapolated beyond five years based on estimated long-term average growth rates of 2% to 3% (2013: 1% to 5%).
In February 2014 and 2013 impairment reviews were performed by comparing the carrying value of goodwill with the recoverable amount of the
cash-generating units to which goodwill has been allocated.
In July 2013, the European Commission announced proposed changes in regulation which would cap interchange fees on consumer debit and credit cards.
The regulation remains draft and it is unclear at this stage how and when the proposals will be finally implemented. Transaction fees on credit cards represent
a significant part of the Tesco Bank business so any limitation on interchange fees may have an impact of the carrying value of goodwill for that business.
Given the uncertainty surrounding the outcome of the proposed changes, no change to existing interchange fees has been considered as part of goodwill
impairment testing for Tesco Bank at this time.
The components of goodwill are as follows:
China
Malaysia
South Korea
Tesco Bank
Thailand
UK
Other
2014
£m
–
74
475
802
145
761
29
2,286
2013
£m
649
86
514
802
173
701
29
2,954
Goodwill related to China was reclassified to discontinued operations in the year.
An impairment charge of £495m was made in the previous year and arose from Poland (£373m), Czech Republic (£69m) and Turkey (£53m) CGUs
(all included in the European operating segment). This loss was recognised in the cost of sales line in the Group Income Statement.
90
Tesco PLC Annual Report and Financial Statements 2014
Note 11 Property, plant and equipment
Cost
At 23 February 2013
Foreign currency translation
Additions(b)
Acquired through business combinations
Reclassification
Classified as held for sale
Disposals
Transfer to disposal group classified as held for sale
At 22 February 2014
Accumulated depreciation and impairment losses
At 23 February 2013
Foreign currency translation
Charge for the year
Impairment losses
Reversal of impairment losses
Reclassification
Classified as held for sale
Disposals
Transfer to disposal group classified as held for sale
At 22 February 2014
Net carrying value(c)(d)
At 22 February 2014
At 23 February 2013
Land and
buildings
£m
Other(a)
£m
Total
£m
24,817
(1,131)
1,492
9
1,875
(115)
(239)
(974)
25,734
3,961
(220)
466
814
(152)
282
2
(139)
(29)
4,985
10,826
(470)
955
6
27
–
(133)
(360)
10,851
6,812
(267)
846
52
(2)
1
1
(117)
(216)
7,110
35,643
(1,601)
2,447
15
1,902
(115)
(372)
(1,334)
36,585
10,773
(487)
1,312
866
(154)
283
3
(256)
(245)
12,095
20,749
20,856
3,741
4,014
24,490
24,870
Construction in progress included above(e)
At 22 February 2014
At 23 February 2013
(a) Other assets consist of plant, equipment, fixtures and fittings and motor vehicles.
(b) Includes £79m (2013: £123m) in respect of interest capitalised, principally relating to land and building assets. The capitalisation rate used to determine the amount of finance
612
584
80
96
692
680
costs capitalised during the financial year was 5.1% (2013: 5.1%). Interest capitalised is deducted in determining taxable profit in the financial year in which it is incurred.
(c) Net carrying value includes:
(i) Capitalised interest of £1,208m (2013: £1,195m).
(ii) Assets held under finance leases which are analysed below:
Cost
Accumulated depreciation and impairment losses
Net carrying value
These assets are pledged as security for the finance lease liabilities.
(d) The net carrying value of land and buildings comprises:
Freehold
Long leasehold – 50 years or more
Short leasehold – less than 50 years
Net carrying value
(e) Construction in progress does not include land.
Land and
buildings
£m
151
(50)
101
2014
Other(a)
£m
558
(529)
29
Land and
buildings
£m
157
(45)
112
2014
£m
18,430
662
1,657
20,749
2013
Other(a)
£m
559
(514)
45
2013
£m
18,335
623
1,898
20,856
The Group continually assesses the level of services provided to tenants of its managed investment properties in accordance with IAS 40. During the year,
it was concluded that the level of services provided to tenants of some malls operated by the Group are no longer considered insignificant and as a result a
number of malls with a net book value of £1,623m have been reclassified from investment property to property, plant and equipment.
Tesco PLC Annual Report and Financial Statements 2014
91
Other informationGovernanceFinancial statementsStrategic report
Notes to the Group financial statements continued
Note 11 Property, plant and equipment continued
Cost
At 25 February 2012
Foreign currency translation
Additions(b)
Acquired through business combinations
Reclassification
Classified as held for sale
Disposals
Transfer to disposal group classified as held for sale
At 23 February 2013
Accumulated depreciation and impairment losses
At 25 February 2012
Foreign currency translation
Charge for the year
Impairment losses
Reversal of impairment losses
Reclassification
Classified as held for sale
Disposals
Transfer to disposal group classified as held for sale
At 23 February 2013
(a) (b) See page 91 for footnotes.
Land and
buildings
£m
Other(a)
£m
Total
£m
24,761
428
1,525
4
(104)
(125)
(734)
(938)
24,817
2,951
64
448
831
(5)
(6)
(25)
(182)
(115)
3,961
10,011
173
1,109
1
(28)
(4)
(116)
(320)
10,826
6,111
98
874
2
(1)
1
(2)
(98)
(173)
6,812
34,772
601
2,634
5
(132)
(129)
(850)
(1,258)
35,643
9,062
162
1,322
833
(6)
(5)
(27)
(280)
(288)
10,773
Impairment of property, plant and equipment
The Group has determined that for the purposes of impairment testing, each store is a cash-generating unit. Cash-generating units are tested for impairment
if there are indicators of impairment at the balance sheet date. Recoverable amounts for cash-generating units are based mainly on value in use but with
some based on fair value less costs of disposal where it gives a higher value.
Value in use is generally calculated from cash flow projections for five years using data from the Group’s latest internal forecasts, the results of which are reviewed
by the Board. The forecasts are extrapolated beyond five years based on estimated long-term growth rates of 2% to 5% (2013: 1% to 5%).
The key assumptions for the value in use calculations are those regarding discount rates, growth rates and expected changes in margins. Management estimates
discount rates using pre-tax rates that reflect the current market assessment of the time value of money and the risks specific to the cash-generating units.
Changes in selling prices and direct costs are based on past experience and expectations of future changes in the market. The pre-tax discount rates used to
calculate value in use range from 6% to 14% (2013: 7% to 12%) depending on the specific conditions in which each store operates. On a post-tax basis, the
discount rates range from 6% to 12% (2013: 5% to 10%). These discount rates are derived from the Group’s post-tax weighted average cost of capital, as
adjusted for the specific risks relating to each geographical region.
Fair value less costs of disposal for stores was determined by reference to rental yields and residual valuation approach.
The impairment losses relate to stores, distribution centres and work-in-progress sites. In the financial year, an impairment loss of £707m was recognised
relating to properties in Europe following a reduction in profits which resulted in a revision of long-term forecast cash flows. This was classified as ‘Impairment
of PPE and onerous lease provisions included within cost of sale’ within non-GAAP measures in the Group Income Statement.
The reversal of previous impairment losses arose due to changes in fair value less costs of disposal or in forecasts resulting in increased value in use.
92
Tesco PLC Annual Report and Financial Statements 2014
Note 12 Investment property
Cost
At beginning of the year
Foreign currency translation
Additions
Reclassification
Classified as held for sale
Disposals
At end of the year
Accumulated depreciation and impairment losses
At beginning of the year
Foreign currency translation
Charge for the year
Net impairment charge
Reclassification
Classified as held for sale
Disposals
At end of the year
Net carrying value at end of the year
2014
£m
2,317
(114)
–
(1,908)
–
(12)
283
316
(17)
19
21
(282)
–
(1)
56
227
2013
£m
2,253
80
43
7
(21)
(45)
2,317
262
10
36
1
18
(6)
(5)
316
2,001
The estimated fair value of the Group’s investment property is £0.4bn (2013: £4.1bn). This fair value has been determined by applying an appropriate rental
yield to the rentals earned by the investment property. A valuation has not been performed by an independent valuer.
The Group continually assesses the level of services provided to tenants of its managed investment properties in accordance with IAS 40. During the year,
it was concluded that the level of services provided to tenants of some malls operated by the Group are no longer considered insignificant and as a result a
number of malls with a net book value of £1,623m have been reclassified from investment property to property, plant and equipment.
Note 13 Group entities
Principal subsidiaries
The Group consolidates its subsidiary undertakings and its principal subsidiaries are:
Tesco Stores Limited
One Stop Stores Limited*
Tesco Ireland Limited
Tesco-Global Stores Privately Held Co. Limited
Tesco Polska Sp. z o.o.
Tesco Stores CR a.s.
Tesco Stores SR a.s.
Tesco Kipa Kitle Pazarlama Ticaret ve Gida Sanayi A S
Homeplus Co., Limited
Homeplus Tesco Co., Limited
Ek-Chai Distribution System Co. Limited
Tesco Stores (Malaysia) Sdn Bhn
Tesco Holdings (China) Co. Limited
Dobbies Garden Centres Limited
Fresh & Easy Neighborhood Market Inc.
Tesco Personal Finance Group Limited* (trading as Tesco Bank)
Tesco Distribution Limited
Tesco Property Holdings Limited
Tesco International Sourcing Limited
dunnhumby Limited
Tesco Corporate Treasury Services PLC*
Tesco Food Sourcing Limited
Blinkbox Entertainment Limited
Tesco International Internet Retailing Limited*
Tesco Hindustan Wholesaling Private Limited
* Held by the Parent Company (all other principal subsidiaries are held by an intermediate subsidiary).
** The Group has 86% of voting rights and 39% of issued ordinary share capital in Ek-Chai Distribution System Co. Limited.
Business activity
Retail
Retail
Retail
Retail
Retail
Retail
Retail
Retail
Retail
Retail
Retail
Retail
Retail
Retail
Retail
Financial Services
Distribution
Property
Purchasing
Data Analysis
Financial Services
Sourcing
Online Entertainment
Retail
Retail
Share of issued
ordinary share capital
and voting rights
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
95%
100%
100%
86%**
70%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
Country of incorporation
and principal country
of operation
England
England
Republic of Ireland
Hungary
Poland
Czech Republic
Slovakia
Turkey
South Korea
South Korea
Thailand
Malaysia
People’s Republic of China
Scotland
United States of America
Scotland
England
England
Hong Kong
England
England
England
England
England
Republic of India
The accounting period ends of the subsidiary undertakings consolidated in these financial statements are on or around 22 February 2014. A list of the Group’s
subsidiary undertakings will be annexed to the next Annual Return filed at Companies House. There are no significant restrictions on the ability of subsidiary
undertakings to transfer funds to the parent, other than those imposed by the Companies Act 2006.
Tesco PLC Annual Report and Financial Statements 2014
93
Other informationGovernanceFinancial statementsStrategic report
Notes to the Group financial statements continued
Note 13 Group entities continued
Interests in joint ventures and associates
The Group uses the equity method of accounting for its interest in joint ventures and associates. The following table shows the aggregate movement in the
Group’s investment in joint ventures and associates:
At 25 February 2012
Additions*
Disposals
Foreign currency translation
Share of post-tax profits of joint ventures and associates
Other movements in reserves
Dividends received from joint ventures and associates
At 23 February 2013
Additions*
Disposals
Foreign currency translation
Share of post-tax profits of joint ventures and associates
Other movements in reserves
Dividends received from joint ventures and associates
Transferred to assets of the disposal group
At 22 February 2014
* Additions are net of £5m deferred gain (2013: £60m).
Joint ventures
£m
308
11
(1)
10
35
–
(46)
317
3
(1)
(2)
43
–
(39)
(178)
143
Associates
£m
115
87
(43)
6
19
(2)
(5)
177
2
–
(16)
8
(5)
(23)
–
143
Total
£m
423
98
(44)
16
54
(2)
(51)
494
5
(1)
(18)
51
(5)
(62)
(178)
286
Share of post-tax profits of joint ventures includes £(9)m loss attributable to joint venture operations of China for the first six months of the year ended
22 February 2014.
Significant joint ventures
The Group’s principal joint ventures are:
Shopping Centres Limited*
BLT Properties Limited*
The Tesco British Land Property Partnership
The Tesco Red Limited Partnership
The Tesco Aqua Limited Partnership
The Tesco Coral Limited Partnership
The Tesco Blue Limited Partnership
The Tesco Atrato Limited Partnership
The Tesco Property Limited Partnership
The Tesco Passaic Limited Partnership
The Tesco Navona Limited Partnership
The Tesco Sarum Limited Partnership
The Tesco Dorney Limited Partnership
Tesco BL Properties Limited
Fushun Splendor Real Estate Development Co. Limited
Anshan Tesco Real Estate Development Co. Limited
Tesco Qinhuangdo Property Limited
Xiamen Hete Property Co. Limited
Tesco Fujian Property Limited
Tesco Shenyang Property Co. Limited
Tesco (Fujian) Industry Limited
Tesco Nanjing Zhongshan Real Estate Development Co. Limited
Arena (Jersey) Management Limited
The Tesco Property (No. 2) Limited Partnership
Tesco Mobile Limited
* Held by the Parent Company (all other significant joint ventures are held by an intermediate subsidiary).
Business activity
Property Investment
Property Investment
Property Investment
Property Investment
Property Investment
Property Investment
Property Investment
Property Investment
Property Investment
Property Investment
Property Investment
Property Investment
Property Investment
Property Investment
Property Investment
Property Investment
Property Investment
Property Investment
Property Investment
Property Investment
Property Investment
Property Investment
Property Investment
Property Investment
Telecommunications
Share of issued share
capital, loan capital and
debt securities
50%
50%
50%
50%
50%
50%
50%
50%
50%
50%
50%
50%
50%
50%
50%
50%
50%
50%
50%
50%
50%
50%
50%
50%
50%
Country of incorporation
and principal country
of operation
England
England
England
England
England
England
England
England
England
England
England
England
England
England
People’s Republic of China
People’s Republic of China
People’s Republic of China
People’s Republic of China
People’s Republic of China
People’s Republic of China
People’s Republic of China
People’s Republic of China
Jersey
Jersey
England
The accounting period end dates of the joint ventures consolidated in these financial statements range from 31 December 2013 to 28 February 2014.
The accounting period end dates differ from those of the Group for commercial reasons and depend upon the requirements of the joint venture partner as
well as those of the Group.
There are no significant restrictions on the ability of joint ventures to transfer funds to the parent, other than those imposed by the Companies Act 2006.
94
Tesco PLC Annual Report and Financial Statements 2014
Note 13 Group entities continued
The share of the assets, liabilities, revenue and profit of the Group’s joint ventures, which are included in the Group financial statements, are as follows:
Non-current assets
Current assets
Current liabilities
Non-current liabilities
Net assets
Cumulative unrecognised losses
Interests in joint ventures
Revenue
Profit for the year
Associates
The Group’s principal associates are:
2014
£m
3,158
396
(377)
(3,205)
(28)
171
143
599
52
2013
£m
3,391
821
(2,233)
(1,837)
142
175
317
551
35
Tesco Underwriting Limited*
Tesco Lotus Retail Growth Freehold and Leasehold Property Fund*
* Held by an intermediate subsidiary.
Business activity
Insurance
Property Investment
Share of issued share
capital, loan capital
and debt securities
49.9%
25%
Country of incorporation
and principal country
of operation
England
Thailand
The share of the assets, liabilities, revenue and profit of the Group’s associates, which are included in the Group financial statements, are as follows:
Assets
Liabilities
Interests in associates
Revenue
Profit for the year
2014
£m
456
(313)
143
237
8
2013
£m
574
(397)
177
2,370
19
The accounting period end dates of the associates consolidated in these financial statements range from 31 December 2013 to 28 February 2014.
The accounting period end dates of the associates are different from those of the Group as they depend upon the requirements of the parent companies of
those entities.
There are no significant restrictions on the ability of associated undertakings to transfer funds to the parent, other than those imposed by the Companies Act 2006.
Note 14 Other investments
Loan receivable
Available-for-sale financial assets
Available-for-sale financial assets mainly comprise investments in bonds with varied maturities of which £167m (2013: £57m) is current.
Note 15 Inventories
Goods held for resale
Development properties
2014
£m
69
946
1,015
2014
£m
3,467
109
3,576
2013
£m
–
818
818
2013
£m
3,643
101
3,744
Tesco PLC Annual Report and Financial Statements 2014
95
Other informationGovernanceFinancial statementsStrategic report
Notes to the Group financial statements continued
Note 16 Trade and other receivables
Prepayments and accrued income
Other receivables
Amounts owed by joint ventures and associates (Note 28)
Included within trade and other receivables are the following amounts receivable after more than one year:
Prepayments and accrued income
Other receivables
Amounts owed by joint ventures and associates
2014
£m
388
1,528
274
2,190
2014
£m
19
432
195
646
2013
£m
417
1,636
472
2,525
2013
£m
22
472
335
829
Trade and other receivables are generally non interest-bearing. Credit terms vary by country and the nature of the debt, ranging from seven to sixty days.
As at 22 February 2014, trade and other receivables of £37m (2013: £33m) were past due and impaired. The amount of the provision was £46m
(2013: £51m). The ageing analysis of these receivables is as follows:
Up to three months past due
Three to six months past due
Over six months past due
2014
£m
4
2
31
37
As at 22 February 2014, trade and other receivables of £155m (2013: £153m) were past due but not impaired. The ageing analysis of these receivables is
as follows:
Up to three months past due
Three to six months past due
Over six months past due
No receivables have been renegotiated in the current or prior financial years.
Note 17 Loans and advances to customers
Tesco Bank has loans and advances to customers.
Non-current
Current
The maturity of these loans and advances is as follows:
At 22 February 2014
Repayable on demand or at short notice
Within three months
Greater than three months but less than one year
Greater than one year but less than five years
After five years
Provision for impairment of loans and advances
2014
£m
124
15
16
155
2014
£m
3,210
3,705
6,915
2014
£m
3
3,641
166
1,955
1,307
7,072
(157)
6,915
2013
£m
6
3
24
33
2013
£m
107
15
31
153
2013
£m
2,465
3,094
5,559
2013
£m
3
3,019
175
1,803
731
5,731
(172)
5,559
At 22 February 2014, £2.4bn of the credit card portfolio had its legal interest assigned to a special purpose entity for use as collateral in securitisation
transactions (2013: £1.2bn). Included within the unsecured lending balance is £0.8bn (2013: £1.3bn) that has been prepositioned with the Bank of England for
the purposes of contingent liquidity via the discount window facility and consequently is eligible for future participation in the Funding for Lending Scheme.
96
Tesco PLC Annual Report and Financial Statements 2014
Note 17 Loans and advances to customers continued
Provision for impairment of loans and advances
At 25 February 2012
Increase in allowance, net of recoveries, charged to the Income Statement
Amounts written off
Unwind of discount
At 23 February 2013
Increase in allowance, net of recoveries, charged to the Income Statement
Amounts written off
Unwind of discount
At 22 February 2014
Note 18 Cash and cash equivalents
Cash at bank and in hand
Short-term deposits
Certificates of deposit
Cash of £1,016m (2013: £522m) held on money market funds is classed as short-term investments.
Note 19 Trade and other payables
Trade payables
Other taxation and social security
Other payables
Amounts payable to joint ventures and associates (Note 28)
Accruals and deferred income
Included in other payables are amounts of £154m (2013: £262m) which are non-current.
£m
(185)
(73)
83
3
(172)
(55)
66
4
(157)
2013
£m
2,309
63
140
2,512
2013
£m
6,036
440
2,750
33
1,835
11,094
2014
£m
2,261
245
–
2,506
2014
£m
5,831
399
2,800
22
1,543
10,595
Tesco PLC Annual Report and Financial Statements 2014
97
Other informationGovernanceFinancial statementsStrategic report
Notes to the Group financial statements continued
Note 20 Borrowings
Current
Bank loans and overdrafts
Loans from joint ventures (Note 28)
5% MTN
2% USD Bond
Other MTNs
Finance leases (Note 34)
Non-current
5% MTN
2% USD Bond
5.125% MTN
4% RPI MTN*
5.875% MTN
2.7% USD Bond
1.250% MTN
5.5% USD Bond
5.2% Tesco Bank Retail Bond
3.375% MTN
5.5% MTN
1% RPI Tesco Bank Retail Bond**
2.125% MTN
5% Tesco Bank Retail Bond
6.125% MTN
5% MTN
3.322% LPI MTN†
6% MTN
5.5% MTN
1.982% RPI MTN±
6.15% USD Bond
4.875% MTN
5.125% MTN
5.2% MTN
Other MTNs
Other loans
Finance leases (Note 34)
Par value
–
–
£600m
$500m
–
–
Par value
£600m
$500m
€600m
£299m
€1,039m
$500m
€500m
$850m
£125m
€750m
£350m
£60m
€500m
£200m
£900m
£389m
£307m
£200m
£200m
£254m
$1,150m
£173m
€600m
£279m
–
–
–
Maturity
year
–
–
2014
2014
–
–
Maturity
year
2014
2014
2015
2016
2016
2017
2017
2017
2018
2018
2019
2019
2020
2020
2022
2023
2025
2029
2033
2036
2037
2042
2047
2057
–
–
–
2014
£m
830
16
628
300
130
6
1,910
2014
£m
–
–
528
304
1,011
299
411
595
139
620
352
60
411
197
948
401
310
242
241
256
792
174
605
274
–
18
115
9,303
2013
£m
730
16
–
–
14
6
766
2013
£m
642
328
566
295
1,071
328
–
674
141
653
352
60
–
206
948
404
299
255
251
248
911
174
641
274
146
79
122
10,068
* The 4% RPI MTN is redeemable at par, including indexation for increases in the Retail Price Index (‘RPI’) over the life of the MTN.
** The 1% RPI Tesco Bank Retail Bond is redeemable at par, including indexation for increases in the RPI over the life of the Bond.
†
The 3.322% Limited Price Inflation (‘LPI’) MTN is redeemable at par, including indexation for increases in the RPI over the life of the MTN. The maximum indexation of the
principal in any one year is 5%, with a minimum of 0%.
± The 1.982% RPI MTN is redeemable at par, including indexation for increases in the RPI over the life of the MTN.
Borrowing facilities
The Group has the following undrawn committed facilities available at 22 February 2014, in respect of which all conditions precedent had been met as at
that date:
Expiring between one and two years
Expiring in more than two years
All facilities incur commitment fees at market rates and would provide funding at floating rates.
2014
£m
125
2,600
2,725
2013
£m
1,600
1,225
2,825
98
Tesco PLC Annual Report and Financial Statements 2014
Note 21 Financial instruments
Derivatives are used to hedge exposure to market risks and those that are held as hedging instruments are formally designated as hedges as defined in IAS
39. Derivatives may qualify as hedges for accounting purposes and the Group’s hedging policies are further described below.
Net finance cost of £22m (2013: £19m) resulted from hedge ineffectiveness.
Fair value hedges
The Group maintains interest rate and cross currency swap contracts as fair value hedges of the interest rate and currency risk on fixed rate debt issued
by the Group. Changes in the fair value of derivatives that are designated and qualify as fair value hedges are recorded in the Group Income Statement,
together with any changes in the fair value of the hedged asset or liability that are attributable to the hedged risk. The gain or loss on the hedging instrument
and hedged item is recognised in the Group Income Statement within finance income or costs. If the hedge no longer meets the criteria for hedge accounting,
the adjustment to the carrying value of the hedged item is amortised to the Group Income Statement.
A loss of £311m on hedging instruments was recognised during the year, offset by a gain of £282m on hedged items (2013: a gain of £52m on hedging
instruments was offset by a loss of £65m on hedged items).
Cash flow hedges
The Group uses forward contracts to hedge the foreign currency cost of future purchases of goods for resale, where those purchases are denominated in a
currency other than the functional currency of the purchasing company. Where these contracts qualify for hedge accounting, fair value gains and losses are
deferred in equity. These hedging instruments are primarily used to hedge purchases in Euros and US Dollars. The cash flows hedged will occur
and will affect the Group Income Statement within one year of the balance sheet date.
The Group also uses index-linked swaps to hedge cash flows on index linked debt, interest rate swaps to hedge interest cash flows on debt and cross currency
swaps to hedge cash flows on fixed rate debt denominated in foreign currencies.
Net investment hedges
The Group uses currency denominated borrowings and currency swaps to hedge the exposure of a portion of its net investment in overseas operations
against changes in value due to changes in foreign exchange rates. A net finance income of £7m (2013: a net finance cost of £6m) was recorded resulting
from net investment hedging ineffectiveness.
Gains and losses accumulated in equity are recycled to the Group Income Statement on disposal of overseas operations.
Financial instruments not qualifying for hedge accounting
The Group’s policy does not permit use of derivatives for trading purposes. However, some derivatives do not qualify for hedge accounting, or are specifically
not designated as a hedge where gains and losses on the hedging instrument and the hedged item naturally offset in the Group Income Statement.
These instruments include cross currency interest rate swaps, index linked swaps and forward foreign currency contracts. Changes in the fair value of any
derivative instruments that do not qualify for hedge accounting are recognised immediately in the Group Income Statement within finance income or costs.
The fair values of derivative financial instruments have been disclosed in the Group Balance Sheet as follows:
Current
Non-current
Asset
£m
80
1,496
1,576
2014
Liability
£m
(99)
(770)
(869)
Asset
£m
58
1,965
2,023
2013
Liability
£m
(121)
(759)
(880)
Tesco PLC Annual Report and Financial Statements 2014
99
Other informationGovernanceFinancial statementsStrategic report
Notes to the Group financial statements continued
Note 21 Financial instruments continued
The fair value and notional amounts of derivatives analysed by hedge type are as follows:
Fair value hedges
Interest rate swaps and similar instruments
Cross currency swaps
Cash flow hedges
Interest rate swaps and similar instruments
Cross currency swaps
Index-linked swaps
Forward foreign currency contracts
Cash flow hedges and net investment hedges
Cross currency swaps
Derivatives not in a formal hedge relationship
Interest rate swaps and similar instruments
Cross currency swaps
Index-linked swaps
Forward foreign currency contracts
Total
Fair value
£m
71
583
2
139
90
10
10
13
8
614
36
1,576
Asset
Notional
£m
2,057
2,055
99
287
920
739
308
2,079
128
3,619
1,035
13,326
2014
Liability
Notional
£m
1,492
551
400
1,605
–
2,123
Fair value
£m
(42)
(25)
(110)
(115)
–
(62)
–
–
–
–
(515)
–
(869)
595
–
3,589
181
10,536
The carrying value and fair value of financial assets and liabilities are as follows:
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents
Loans and advances to customers – Tesco Bank
Short-term investments
Other investments
Joint venture and associates loan receivables (Note 28)
Other receivables
Derivative financial assets:
Interest rate swaps and similar instruments
Cross currency swaps
Index-linked swaps
Forward foreign currency contracts
Total financial assets
Liabilities
Short-term borrowings:
Amortised cost
Bonds in fair value hedge relationships
Long-term borrowings:
Amortised cost
Bonds in fair value hedge relationships
Finance leases (Note 34)
Customer deposits – Tesco Bank
Deposits by banks – Tesco Bank
Derivative and other financial liabilities:
Interest rate swaps and similar instruments
Cross currency swaps
Index-linked swaps
Forward foreign currency contracts
Total financial liabilities
Total
100
Tesco PLC Annual Report and Financial Statements 2014
Fair value
£m
Asset
Notional
£m
Fair value
£m
2013
Liability
Notional
£m
125
890
5
237
80
43
–
–
2
627
14
2,023
Carrying
value
£m
2,506
6,915
1,016
1,015
255
1
86
740
704
46
13,284
(1,276)
(628)
(4,901)
(4,287)
(121)
(6,078)
(780)
(152)
(140)
(515)
(62)
(18,940)
(5,656)
1,601
2,749
60
642
833
1,138
–
–
49
3,604
397
11,073
2014
Fair
value
£m
2,506
6,845
1,016
1,015
257
1
86
740
704
46
13,216
(1,281)
(660)
(5,702)
(4,227)
(121)
(6,044)
(780)
(152)
(140)
(515)
(62)
(19,684)
(6,468)
(59)
(34)
(126)
(32)
–
(19)
(10)
–
(3)
(539)
(58)
(880)
Carrying
value
£m
2,512
5,559
522
818
459
17
130
1,129
707
57
11,910
(535)
(225)
(4,450)
(5,496)
(128)
(6,000)
(15)
(185)
(79)
(539)
(77)
(17,729)
(5,819)
1,924
249
480
531
–
697
325
–
89
3,589
1,121
9,005
2013
Fair
value
£m
2,512
5,581
522
818
459
17
130
1,129
707
57
11,932
(535)
(221)
(4,899)
(5,114)
(128)
(5,997)
(15)
(185)
(79)
(539)
(77)
(17,789)
(5,857)
Note 21 Financial instruments continued
The fair values of financial instruments and derivatives have been determined by reference to prices available from the markets on which the instruments are traded,
where they are available. Where market prices are not available, the fair value has been calculated by discounting expected future cash flows at prevailing interest
rates. The above tables exclude other receivables/payables, which have fair values equal to their carrying values.
Financial assets and liabilities by category
The accounting classifications of each class of financial assets and liabilities as at 22 February 2014 and 23 February 2013 are as follows:
At 22 February 2014
Cash and cash equivalents
Loans and advances to customers – Tesco Bank
Short-term investments
Other investments
Joint venture and associates loan receivables (Note 28)
Other receivables
Customer deposits – Tesco Bank
Deposits by banks – Tesco Bank
Short-term borrowings
Long-term borrowings
Finance leases (Note 34)
Derivative financial instruments:
Interest rate swaps and similar instruments
Cross currency swaps
Index-linked swaps
Forward foreign currency contracts
At 23 February 2013
Cash and cash equivalents
Loans and advances to customers – Tesco Bank
Short-term investments
Other investments
Joint venture and associates loan receivables (Note 28)
Other receivables
Customer deposits – Tesco Bank
Deposits by banks – Tesco Bank
Short-term borrowings
Long-term borrowings
Finance leases (Note 34)
Derivative financial instruments:
Interest rate swaps and similar instruments
Cross currency swaps
Index-linked swaps
Forward foreign currency contracts
Loans and
receivables/
other
financial
liabilities
£m
2,506
6,915
1,016
69
255
1
(6,078)
(780)
(1,904)
(9,188)
(121)
Fair value
through
profit or loss
£m
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
(7,309)
Loans and
receivables/
other
financial
liabilities
£m
2,372
5,559
522
–
459
17
(6,000)
(15)
(760)
(9,946)
(128)
(66)
600
189
(16)
707
Fair value
through
profit or loss
£m
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Available-
for-sale
£m
–
–
–
946
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
946
Available-
for-sale
£m
140
–
–
818
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
958
–
–
–
–
(7,920)
(55)
1,050
168
(20)
1,143
Total
£m
2,506
6,915
1,016
1,015
255
1
(6,078)
(780)
(1,904)
(9,188)
(121)
(66)
600
189
(16)
(5,656)
Total
£m
2,512
5,559
522
818
459
17
(6,000)
(15)
(760)
(9,946)
(128)
(55)
1,050
168
(20)
(5,819)
Tesco PLC Annual Report and Financial Statements 2014
101
Other informationGovernanceFinancial statementsStrategic report
Notes to the Group financial statements continued
Note 21 Financial instruments continued
Fair value measurement
The following table presents the Group’s financial assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value at 22 February 2014, by level of fair value hierarchy:
• quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1);
• inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly (that is, as prices) or indirectly (that is,
derived from prices) (Level 2); and
• inputs for the asset or liability that are not based on observable market data (that is, unobservable inputs) (Level 3).
At 22 February 2014
Assets
Available-for-sale financial assets
Derivative financial instruments:
Interest rate swaps and similar instruments
Cross currency swaps
Index-linked swaps
Forward foreign currency contracts
Total assets
Liabilities
Derivative financial instruments:
Interest rate swaps and similar instruments
Cross currency swaps
Index-linked swaps
Forward foreign currency contracts
Total liabilities
Total
At 23 February 2013
Assets
Available-for-sale financial assets
Derivative financial instruments:
Interest rate swaps and similar instruments
Cross currency swaps
Index-linked swaps
Forward foreign currency contracts
Total assets
Liabilities
Derivative financial instruments:
Interest rate swaps and similar instruments
Cross currency swaps
Index-linked swaps
Forward foreign currency contracts
Total liabilities
Total
The following table presents the changes in Level 3 instruments for the year ending 22 February 2014:
At beginning of the year
Gains/(losses) recognised in finance costs in the Group Income Statement
Gains/(losses) recognised in the Group Statement of Changes in Equity
Purchase of non-controlling interests
At end of the year
Level 1
£m
Level 2
£m
Level 3
£m
850
–
–
–
–
850
–
–
–
–
–
850
–
86
740
704
46
1,576
(152)
(140)
(515)
(62)
(869)
707
96
–
–
–
–
96
–
–
–
–
–
96
Level 1
£m
Level 2
£m
Level 3
£m
808
–
–
–
–
808
–
–
–
–
–
808
150
130
1,129
707
57
2,173
(185)
(79)
(539)
(77)
(880)
1,293
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
2014
£m
–
–
–
96
96
Total
£m
946
86
740
704
46
2,522
(152)
(140)
(515)
(62)
(869)
1,653
Total
£m
958
130
1,129
707
57
2,981
(185)
(79)
(539)
(77)
(880)
2,101
2013
£m
(3)
–
–
3
–
During the financial year, £nil (2013: £431m) of Level 2 assets were transferred to Level 1 and there were no transfers into or out of Level 3 fair value
measurements.
In the second half of the year, the Group acquired a non-controlling interest in Lazada, an online retailer, for £96m.
102
Tesco PLC Annual Report and Financial Statements 2014
Note 21 Financial instruments continued
Offsetting of financial assets and liabilities
The following tables show those financial assets and liabilities subject to offsetting, enforceable master netting arrangements and similar agreements.
At 22 February 2014
Related amounts not set off
in the Group Balance Sheet
Gross
amounts of
financial
assets/
(liabilities) set
off in the
Group
Balance Sheet
£m
(376)
–
(547)
(923)
Gross
amounts of
recognised
financial
assets/
(liabilities)
£m
2,882
1,576
2,737
7,195
Net amounts
presented in
the Group
Balance
Sheet
£m
2,506
1,576
2,190
6,272
Financial
instruments
£m
–
(336)
–
(336)
Financial assets offset
Cash and cash equivalents
Derivative financial instruments
Trade and other receivables
Total
Financial liabilities offset
Bank loans and overdrafts
Repurchases, securities lending and similar agreements*
Derivative financial instruments
Trade payables
Total
* Repurchases, securities lending and similar agreements are included within the Deposits by Banks balance of £780m in the Group Balance Sheet.
(830)
(765)
(869)
(10,595)
(13,059)
(1,206)
(765)
(869)
(11,142)
(13,982)
–
765
336
–
1,101
376
–
–
547
923
Collateral
£m
–
(6)
–
(6)
Net amount
£m
2,506
1,234
2,190
5,930
–
–
16
–
16
(830)
–
(517)
(10,595)
(11,942)
At 23 February 2013
Related amounts not set off
in the Group Balance Sheet
Gross
amounts of
financial
assets/
(liabilities) set
off in the
Group
Balance Sheet
£m
(731)
–
(493)
(1,224)
Gross
amounts of
recognised
financial
assets/
(liabilities)
£m
3,243
2,023
3,018
8,284
Net amounts
presented in
the Group
Balance
Sheet
£m
2,512
2,023
2,525
7,060
Financial
instruments
£m
–
(308)
–
(308)
Financial assets offset
Cash and cash equivalents
Derivative financial instruments
Trade and other receivables
Total
Financial liabilities offset
Bank loans and overdrafts
Repurchases, securities lending and similar agreements**
Derivative financial instruments
Trade payables
Total
** Repurchases, securities lending and similar agreements are included within the Deposits by Banks balance of £15m in the Group Balance Sheet.
(1,461)
(5)
(880)
(11,587)
(13,933)
(730)
(5)
(880)
(11,094)
(12,709)
731
–
–
493
1,224
–
5
308
–
313
Collateral
£m
–
(2)
–
(2)
Net amount
£m
2,512
1,713
2,525
6,750
–
–
–
–
–
(730)
–
(572)
(11,094)
(12,396)
For the financial assets and liabilities subject to enforceable master netting arrangements above, each agreement between the Group and the counterparty
allows for net settlement of the relevant financial assets and liabilities when both elect to settle on a net basis. In the absence of such an election, financial
assets and liabilities will be settled on a gross basis, however each party to the master netting agreement or similar agreements will have the option to settle
all such amounts on a net basis in the event of default of the other party.
Tesco PLC Annual Report and Financial Statements 2014
103
Other informationGovernanceFinancial statementsStrategic report
Notes to the Group financial statements continued
Note 22 Financial risk factors
The main financial risks faced by the Group relate to fluctuations in interest and foreign exchange rates, the risk of default by counterparties to financial
transactions and the availability of funds to meet business needs. The management of these risks is set out below.
Risk management is carried out by a central treasury department under policies approved by the Board of Directors. The Board provides written principles for
risk management, as described in the Principal risks and uncertainties on pages 20 to 25.
Interest rate risk
Interest rate risk arises from long-term borrowings. Debt issued at variable rates as well as cash deposits and short-term investments exposes the Group to cash
flow interest rate risk. Debt issued at fixed rates exposes the Group to fair value risk. The Group’s interest rate management policy is explained on page 25.
The Group has Retail Price Index (‘RPI’) debt where the principal is indexed to increases in the RPI. RPI debt is treated as floating rate debt. The Group also
has Limited Price lnflation (‘LPI’) debt, where the principal is indexed to RPI, with an annual maximum increase of 5% and a minimum of 0%. LPI debt is
treated as fixed rate debt.
For interest rate risk relating to Tesco Bank, refer to the separate section on Tesco Bank financial risk factors on page 107.
During 2014 and 2013, net debt was managed using derivative instruments to hedge interest rate risk as follows:
Cash and cash equivalents
Loans and advances to customers – Tesco Bank
Short-term investments
Other investments
Joint venture and associate loan receivables (Note 28)
Other receivables
Finance leases (Note 34)
Bank and other borrowings
Customer deposits – Tesco Bank
Deposits by banks – Tesco Bank
Derivative effect:
Interest rate swaps
Cross currency swaps
Index-linked swaps
Total
Fixed
£m
–
3,440
–
855
163
1
(90)
(9,788)
(2,707)
(780)
(4,022)
2,418
(553)
(11,063)
Floating
£m
2,506
3,475
1,016
160
92
–
(31)
(1,304)
(3,371)
–
4,022
(2,418)
553
4,700
2014
Total
£m
2,506
6,915
1,016
1,015
255
1
(121)
(11,092)
(6,078)
(780)
–
–
–
(6,363)
Fixed
£m
140
2,739
–
707
–
–
(104)
(9,569)
(2,399)
(15)
(1,156)
2,436
(537)
(7,758)
Floating
£m
2,372
2,820
522
111
459
17
(24)
(1,137)
(3,601)
–
1,156
(2,436)
537
796
2013
Total
£m
2,512
5,559
522
818
459
17
(128)
(10,706)
(6,000)
(15)
–
–
–
(6,962)
Credit risk
Credit risk arises from cash and cash equivalents, trade and other receivables, customer deposits, financial instruments and deposits with banks and
financial institutions. The Group policy on credit risk is described on page 25.
The net counterparty exposure under derivative contracts is £1.2bn (2013: £1.7bn). The Group considers its maximum credit risk to be £13.3bn
(2013: £11.9bn) being the Group’s total financial assets.
For credit risk relating to Tesco Bank, refer to the separate section on Tesco Bank financial risk factors on page 107.
Liquidity risk
Liquidity risk is managed by short-term and long-term cash flow forecasts. In addition, the Group has committed facility agreements for £2.7bn (2013:
£2.8bn), which mature between 2015 and 2018.
The Group has a European Medium Term Note programme of £15.0bn, of which £7.0bn was in issue at 22 February 2014 (2013: £6.2bn), plus a Euro
Commercial Paper programme of £2.0bn, none of which was in issue at 22 February 2014 (2013: £0.1bn), and a US Commercial Paper programme of $4.0bn,
£nil of which was in issue at 22 February 2014 (2013: £0.1bn).
On 5 November 2013 the Group issued €1.0bn of long-term debt and on 27 January 2014 the Group repaid ¥31.5bn of long-term debt.
For liquidity risk relating to Tesco Bank, refer to the separate section on Tesco Bank financial risk factors on page 107.
104
Tesco PLC Annual Report and Financial Statements 2014
Note 22 Financial risk factors continued
The following is an analysis of the undiscounted contractual cash flows payable under financial liabilities and derivatives. The potential cash outflow of
£18.2bn is considered acceptable as it is offset by financial assets and trade receivables of £14.8bn (2013: £17.4bn offset by financial assets and trade
receivables of £14.4bn).
The undiscounted cash flows will differ from both the carrying values and fair value. Floating rate interest is estimated using the prevailing rate
at the balance sheet date. Cash flows in foreign currencies are translated using spot rates at the balance sheet date. For index-linked liabilities, inflation is
estimated at 3% for the life of the liability.
At 22 February 2014
Non-derivative financial liabilities
Bank and other borrowings
Interest payments on borrowings
Customer deposits – Tesco Bank
Deposits by banks – Tesco Bank
Finance leases
Trade and other payables
Derivative and other financial liabilities
Net settled derivative contracts – receipts
Net settled derivative contracts – payments
Gross settled derivative contracts – receipts
Gross settled derivative contracts – payments
Total
At 23 February 2013
Non-derivative financial liabilities
Bank and other borrowings
Interest payments on borrowings
Customer deposits – Tesco Bank
Deposits by banks – Tesco Bank
Finance leases
Trade and other payables
Derivative and other financial liabilities
Net settled derivative contracts – receipts
Net settled derivative contracts – payments
Gross settled derivative contracts – receipts
Gross settled derivative contracts – payments
Total
Due
within
1 year
£m
(1,835)
(459)
(4,725)
(772)
(12)
(10,441)
76
(91)
4,768
(4,727)
(18,218)
Due
within
1 year
£m
(711)
(451)
(5,323)
(9)
(13)
(10,865)
63
(106)
3,610
(3,564)
(17,369)
Due
between
1 and 2
years
£m
Due
between
2 and 3
years
£m
Due
between
3 and 4
years
£m
Due
between
4 and 5
years
£m
(523)
(404)
(1,100)
(8)
(13)
(82)
29
(75)
713
(648)
(2,111)
Due
between
1 and 2
years
£m
(1,081)
(441)
(577)
(6)
(13)
(93)
62
(78)
1,588
(1,485)
(2,124)
(1,514)
(377)
(141)
–
(12)
(19)
68
(59)
1,323
(1,277)
(2,008)
Due
between
2 and 3
years
£m
(553)
(402)
(100)
–
(13)
(31)
27
(71)
157
(57)
(1,043)
(921)
(306)
(29)
–
(12)
(2)
22
(52)
1,758
(1,499)
(1,041)
Due
between
3 and 4
years
£m
(1,550)
(375)
–
–
(13)
(19)
71
(50)
1,057
(916)
(1,795)
(743)
(270)
(122)
–
(12)
(2)
44
(70)
39
(24)
(1,160)
Due
between
4 and 5
years
£m
(575)
(301)
–
–
(13)
(12)
20
(47)
1,369
(1,000)
(559)
Due
beyond
5 years
£m
(5,372)
(3,152)
–
–
(185)
(49)
538
(345)
1,493
(1,132)
(8,204)
Due
beyond
5 years
£m
(5,805)
(3,511)
–
–
(212)
(74)
608
(362)
1,008
(531)
(8,879)
Foreign exchange risk
The Group is exposed to foreign exchange risk principally via:
• Transactional exposure that arises from the cost of future purchases of goods for resale, where those purchases are denominated in a currency other than
the functional currency of the purchasing company. Transactional exposures that could significantly impact the Group Income Statement are hedged.
These exposures are hedged via forward foreign currency contracts which are designated as cash flow hedges. The notional and fair value of these
contracts is shown in Note 21.
• Net investment exposure that arises from changes in the value of net investments denominated in currencies other than Pounds Sterling. The Group
hedges a part of its investments in its international subsidiaries via foreign currency transactions and borrowings in matching currencies which are formally
designated as net investment hedges.
• Loans to non-UK subsidiaries that are hedged via foreign currency transactions and borrowings in matching currencies. These are not formally designated
as hedges as gains and losses on hedges and hedged loans will naturally offset.
Tesco PLC Annual Report and Financial Statements 2014
105
Other informationGovernanceFinancial statementsStrategic report
Notes to the Group financial statements continued
Note 22 Financial risk factors continued
The impact on Group financial statements from foreign currency volatility is shown in the sensitivity analysis below:
Sensitivity analysis
The analysis excludes the impact of movements in market variables on the carrying value of pension and other post-employment obligations and on the
retranslation of overseas net assets as required by IAS 21 ‘The Effects of Changes in Foreign Exchange Rates’. However, it does include the foreign exchange
sensitivity resulting from all local entity non-functional currency financial instruments.
The sensitivity analysis has been prepared on the basis that the amount of net debt, the ratio of fixed to floating interest rates of the debt and derivatives
portfolio, and the proportion of financial instruments in foreign currencies are all constant and on the basis of the hedge designations in place at 22 February
2014. It should be noted that the sensitivity analysis reflects the impact on income and equity due to all financial instruments held at the balance sheet date.
It does not reflect any change in sales or costs that may result from changing interest or exchange rates.
The following assumptions were made in calculating the sensitivity analysis:
• the sensitivity of interest payable to movements in interest rates is calculated on net floating rate exposures on debt, deposits and derivative instruments
with no sensitivity assumed for RPI-linked debt which has been swapped to fixed rates;
• changes in the carrying value of derivative financial instruments designated as fair value hedges from movements in interest rates or foreign exchange rates
have an immaterial effect on the Group Income Statement and equity due to compensating adjustments in the carrying value of debt;
• changes in the carrying value of derivative financial instruments designated as net investment hedges from movements in foreign exchange rates are
recorded directly in the Group Statement of Comprehensive Income;
• changes in the carrying value of derivative financial instruments not designated as hedging instruments only affect the Group Income Statement;
• all other changes in the carrying value of derivative financial instruments designated as hedging instruments are fully effective with no impact
on the Group Income Statement; and
• the floating leg of any swap or any floating rate debt is treated as not having any interest rate already set, therefore a change in interest rates affects a full
12-month period for the interest payable portion of the sensitivity calculations.
Using the above assumptions, the following table shows the illustrative effect on the Group Income Statement and equity that would result, at the balance
sheet date, from changes in UK interest rates and currency exchange rates that are reasonably possible for major currencies where there have recently been
significant movements:
1% increase in GBP interest rates (2013: 1%)
15% appreciation of the Czech Koruna (2013: 5%)
5% appreciation of the Euro (2013: 5%)
10% appreciation of the South Korean Won (2013: 5%)
10% appreciation of the US Dollar (2013: 5%)
5% appreciation of the Polish Zloty (2013: Nil)
10% appreciation of the Hong Kong Dollar (2013: Nil)
35% appreciation of the Turkish Lira (2013: Nil)
Income
gain/(loss)
£m
5
–
(1)
–
(4)
–
–
–
2014
Equity
gain/(loss)
£m
–
49
(24)
110
161
19
29
79
Income
gain/(loss)
£m
8
(1)
(12)
–
(13)
–
–
–
2013
Equity
gain/(loss)
£m
–
21
(43)
56
52
–
–
–
A decrease in interest rates and a depreciation of foreign currencies would have the opposite effect to the impact in the table above.
The impact on the Group Statement of Comprehensive Income from changing exchange rates results from the revaluation of financial liabilities used as net
investment hedges. The impact on the Group Statement of Comprehensive Income will largely be offset by the revaluation in equity of the hedged assets.
Capital risk
The Group’s objectives when managing capital (defined as net debt plus equity) are to safeguard the Group’s ability to continue as a going concern in order
to provide returns to shareholders and benefits for other stakeholders, while maintaining a strong credit rating and headroom whilst optimising return to
shareholders through an appropriate balance of debt and equity funding. The Group manages its capital structure and makes adjustments to it, in light of
changes to economic conditions and the strategic objectives of the Group.
To maintain or adjust the capital structure, the Group may adjust the dividend payment to shareholders, buy back shares and cancel them, or issue new shares.
The Group finances its operations by a combination of retained profits, disposals of property assets including sale and leaseback transactions, debt capital
market issues, commercial paper, bank borrowings and leases to ensure continuity of funding. The policy for debt is to ensure a smooth debt maturity profile
with the objective of ensuring continuity of funding. This policy continued during the financial year with bonds redeemed of £208m (2013: £1,285m) and
£844m of new bonds issued (2013: £nil). The Group borrows centrally and locally, using a variety of capital market instruments and borrowing facilities to
meet the Group’s business requirements of each local business.
Refer to Note 30 for the value of the Group’s net debt (£6.6bn; 2013: £6.6bn), and the Group Statement of Changes in Equity for the value of the Group’s
equity (£14.7bn; 2013: £16.7bn).
106
Tesco PLC Annual Report and Financial Statements 2014
Note 22 Financial risk factors continued
Tesco Bank
Interest rate risk
Interest rate risk arises where assets and liabilities in Tesco Bank’s banking activities have different repricing dates. Tesco Bank policy seeks to minimise
the sensitivity of net interest income to changes in interest rates. Potential exposures to interest rate movements in the medium to long-term are measured
and controlled through position and sensitivity limits. Short-term exposures are measured and controlled in terms of net interest income sensitivity over
12 months to a 1% parallel movement in interest rates. Tesco Bank also use Economic Value Equity (‘EVE’) for risk management purposes with focus on the
value of Tesco Bank in today’s interest rate environment and its sensitivity to changes in interest rates. Interest rate risk is managed using interest rate swaps
as the main hedging instrument.
Liquidity risk
Liquidity risk is the risk that Tesco Bank is unable to meet its payment obligations as they fall due. Liquidity risk is managed within Tesco Bank’s banking
activities and adheres to the liquidity requirements set by the Prudential Regulation Authority (‘PRA’). Tesco Bank’s Board has set a defined liquidity risk
policy and contingency funding which is prudent and in excess of the minimum requirements as set out by the PRA and by Tesco Bank. A diversified portfolio
of high-quality liquid and marketable assets is maintained. Cash flow commitments and marketable asset holdings are measured and managed on a daily
basis. Tesco Bank has sufficient liquidity to meet all foreseeable outflow requirements as they fall due and its liquidity risk is further mitigated by its well
diversified retail deposit base and a pool of surplus cash resources that are invested in a range of marketable assets.
Credit risk
Credit risk is the potential that a bank borrower or counterparty will fail to meet its obligations in accordance with agreed terms. Credit risk principally arises
from the Bank’s retail lending activities but also from the placement of surplus funds with other banks and money market funds, investments in transferable
securities and interest rate and foreign exchange derivatives. In addition, credit risk arises from contractual arrangements with third parties where payments
and commissions are due to the Bank for short periods of time.
Retail credit policy is managed through the credit risk policy framework with standards and limits defined at all stages of the customer lifecycle, including new
account sanctioning, customer management and collections and recovery activity. Customer lending decisions are managed principally through the deployment
of bespoke credit scorecard models and credit policy rules, which exclude specific areas of lending, and an affordability assessment which determines a
customer’s ability to repay an outstanding credit amount. Wholesale credit risk is managed using a limit-based framework, with limits determined by
counterparty credit worthiness, instrument type and remaining tenor. A limits framework is also in place for the management of third party credit exposures.
Ineffective management and controls over the emerging asset quality of the Group’s lending portfolios could expose the Group to unacceptable levels of bad
debt. The Group’s asset quality is reflected through the level of its impairment by lending type. Asset quality profiles are regularly monitored and reported to
the appropriate senior management team and risk committees.
The table below presents an analysis of credit exposure by impairment status across the different exposure classes. The table predominantly relates to
banking assets; the retail instalment lending applies to credit agreements in the insurance business.
Credit quality of loans and advances
As at 22 February 2014
Past due and defaulted
Less than 90 days past due
90–179 days past due
180 days plus past due
Past due but not defaulted
0–29 days past due
30–59 days past due
60–119 days past due
Neither past due nor defaulted
Low risk*
High risk**
Total
* Low risk is defined as an asset with a probability of default of less than 10%.
** High risk is defined as an asset with a probability of default of 10% or more.
Retail
unsecured
lending
£m
Retail
mortgage
lending
£m
Retail
instalment
lending
£m
45
40
50
38
9
6
5,923
98
6,209
–
–
–
–
–
–
692
4
696
Total
£m
45
40
50
38
9
6
–
–
–
–
–
–
167
–
167
6,782
102
7,072
Tesco PLC Annual Report and Financial Statements 2014
107
Other informationGovernanceFinancial statementsStrategic report
Notes to the Group financial statements continued
Note 22 Financial risk factors continued
Credit quality of loans and advances
As at 23 February 2013
Past due and defaulted
Less than 90 days past due
90–179 days past due
180 days plus past due
Past due but not defaulted
0–29 days past due
30–59 days past due
60–119 days past due
Neither past due nor defaulted
Low risk*
High risk**
Total
* Low risk is defined as an asset with a probability of default of less than 10%.
** High risk is defined as an asset with a probability of default of 10% or more.
Retail
unsecured
lending
£m
Retail
mortgage
lending
£m
Retail
instalment
lending
£m
30
42
76
41
11
9
4,935
126
5,270
–
–
–
–
–
–
258
–
258
Total
£m
30
42
76
42
11
9
–
–
–
1
–
–
202
–
203
5,395
126
5,731
The credit risk exposure from off balance sheet items, mainly undrawn credit card facilities and mortgage offers, was £9.7bn (2013: £8.0bn).
Insurance risk
Tesco Bank is indirectly exposed to insurance risks through its ownership of 49.9% of Tesco Underwriting Limited (‘TU’), an authorised insurance company.
Since late 2010 the majority of new business policies for home and motor insurance products sold by Tesco Bank have been underwritten by TU. The key
insurance risks within TU relate to underwriting risk and specifically the potential for a major weather event to generate significant claims on home insurance
or on motor insurance the cost of settling bodily injury claims. Exposure to this risk is actively managed within TU with close monitoring of performance
metrics and the use of reinsurance to limit TU’s exposure above predetermined limits.
Note 23 Customer deposits and deposits by banks
Customer deposits
Deposits by banks
2014
£m
6,078
780
6,858
2013
£m
6,000
15
6,015
Included above is £1,366m (2013: £677m) non-current customer deposits and £8m (2013: £6m) non-current deposits by banks.
Deposits by banks include liabilities of £765m (2013: £5m) secured on investment securities balances which have been sold under sale and repurchase agreements.
108
Tesco PLC Annual Report and Financial Statements 2014
Note 24 Provisions
At 25 February 2012
Foreign currency translation
Amount released in the year
Amount provided in the year
Amount utilised in the year
At 23 February 2013
Foreign currency translation
Amount released in the year
Amount provided in the year
Amount utilised in the year
Transfer to disposal group classified as held for sale
At 22 February 2014
The balances are analysed as follows:
Current
Non-current
Property
provisions
£m
121
6
(12)
254
(11)
358
(12)
(35)
53
(38)
2
328
Other
provisions
£m
78
–
–
116
(92)
102
–
–
63
(60)
–
105
2014
£m
250
183
433
Total
£m
199
6
(12)
370
(103)
460
(12)
(35)
116
(98)
2
433
2013
£m
188
272
460
Property provisions comprise obligations for future rents payable net of rents receivable on onerous leases including on vacant property and unprofitable
stores, terminal dilapidations and other onerous contracts relating to property. The majority of these provisions are expected to be utilised over the period
to 2020.
The other provisions balances relate mainly to provisions for Tesco Bank customer redress in respect of potential complaints arising from the historic sales of
Payment Protection Insurance (‘PPI’), in respect of customer redress relating to the historic sale of certain cardholder protection products (‘CPP’) and in respect of
certain classes of loans and credit cards sold by the Group which are regulated under the Consumer Credit Act (‘CCA’). The Group has identified instances where
the technical requirement for the provision of certain post-contractual documentation to customers with CCA-regulated products has not been fully met. While
there is no evidence that these issues have caused particular detriment to customers, it is the Group’s intention to provide redress to impacted customers in order
to reflect the operation of the CCA in respect of the customers’ liability. These provisions may be used over several years although the timing of utilisation is
uncertain. The balance is classified as current at the year end.
Tesco PLC Annual Report and Financial Statements 2014
109
Other informationGovernanceFinancial statementsStrategic report
Notes to the Group financial statements continued
Note 25 Share-based payments
For continuing operations, the Group Income Statement charge for the year recognised in respect of share-based payments is £82m (2013: £89m), which is
made up of share option schemes and share bonus payments. Of this amount, £63m (2013: £65m) will be settled in equity and £19m (2013: £24m) in cash.
Share option schemes
The Company had ten share option schemes in operation during the financial year, all of which are equity-settled schemes:
i) The Savings-related Share Option Scheme (1981) permits the grant to colleagues of options in respect of ordinary shares linked to a building society/bank
save-as-you-earn contract for a term of three or five years with contributions from colleagues of an amount between £5 and £250 per four-weekly period.
Options are capable of being exercised at the end of the three or five-year period at a subscription price of not less than 80% of the average of the middle-
market quotations of an ordinary share over the three dealing days immediately preceding the offer date.
ii) The Irish Savings-related Share Option Scheme (2000) permits the grant to Irish colleagues of options in respect of ordinary shares linked to a building
society/bank save-as-you-earn contract for a term of three or five years with contributions from colleagues of an amount between €12 and €500 per
four-weekly period. Options are capable of being exercised at the end of the three or five-year period at a subscription price of not less than 80% of the
average of the middle-market quotations of an ordinary share over the three dealing days immediately preceding the offer date.
iii) The Approved Executive Share Option Scheme (1994) was adopted on 17 October 1994. The exercise of options granted under this scheme will normally
be conditional upon the achievement of a specified performance target related to the growth in earnings per share over a three-year period. No further
options will be granted under this scheme and it has been replaced by the Discretionary Share Option Plan (2004). There were no discounted options
granted under this scheme.
iv) The Unapproved Executive Share Option Scheme (1996) was adopted on 7 June 1996. The exercise of options granted under this scheme will normally be
conditional upon the achievement of a specified performance target related to the growth in earnings per share over a three-year period. No further options
will be granted under this scheme and it has been replaced by the Discretionary Share Option Plan (2004). There were no discounted options granted under
this scheme.
v) The International Executive Share Option Scheme (1994) was adopted on 20 May 1994. This scheme permits the grant to selected non-UK executives
of options to acquire ordinary shares on substantially the same basis as their UK counterparts. The exercise of options granted under this scheme will
normally be conditional upon the achievement of a specified performance target related to the growth in earnings per share over a three-year period.
No further options will be granted under this scheme and it has been replaced by the Discretionary Share Option Plan (2004). There were no discounted
options granted under this scheme.
vi) The Executive Incentive Plan (2004) was adopted on 5 July 2004. This scheme permits the grant of options in respect of ordinary shares to selected senior
executives. Options are normally exercisable between three and ten years from the date of grant for nil consideration. Full details of this plan can be found in
the Directors’ remuneration report.
vii) The Performance Share Plan (2004) was adopted on 5 July 2004 and amended on 29 June 2007. This scheme permits the grant of options in respect
of ordinary shares to selected executives. Options granted before 29 June 2007 are normally exercisable between four and ten years from the date of grant
for nil consideration. Options granted after 29 June 2007 are normally exercisable between three and ten years from the date of grant for nil consideration.
The exercise of options will normally be conditional upon the achievement of specified performance targets related to the return on capital employed over
a three-year period. No further options will be granted under this scheme and it has been replaced by the Performance Share Plan (2011).
viii) The Performance Share Plan (2011) was adopted on 1 July 2011 and amended on 4 July 2011. This scheme permits the grant of options in respect of
ordinary shares to selected executives. Options are normally exercisable between three and ten years from the date of grant for nil consideration. The exercise
of options will normally be conditional upon the achievement of specified performance targets related to the return on capital employed and earnings per
share over a three-year period.
110
Tesco PLC Annual Report and Financial Statements 2014
Note 25 Share-based payments continued
ix) The Discretionary Share Option Plan (2004) was adopted on 5 July 2004. This scheme permits the grant of approved, unapproved and international
options in respect of ordinary shares to selected executives. Options are normally exercisable between three and ten years from the date of grant at a price
not less than the middle-market quotation or average middle-market quotations of an ordinary share for the dealing day or three dealing days preceding the
date of grant. The exercise of options will normally be conditional upon the achievement of a specified performance target related to the annual percentage
growth in earnings per share over a three-year period. There were no discounted options granted under this scheme.
x) The Group New Business Incentive Plan (2007) was adopted on 29 June 2007. This scheme permits the grant of options in respect of ordinary shares to
selected executives. Options will normally vest in four tranches: four, five, six and seven years after the date of grant and will be exercisable for up to two
years from the vesting dates for nil consideration. The exercise of options will normally be conditional upon the achievement of specified performance
targets related to the return on capital employed over the seven-year plan.
The following tables reconcile the number of share options outstanding and the weighted average exercise price (‘WAEP’):
For the year ended 22 February 2014
Savings-related
Share Option Scheme
Irish Savings-related
Share Option Scheme
Approved Share
Option Scheme
Unapproved
Share Option Scheme
International Executive
Share Option Scheme
Nil cost share
option schemes
Options
WAEP
Options
WAEP
Options
WAEP
Options
WAEP
Options
WAEP
Options WAEP
127,212,551
29,258,434
(24,352,865)
(9,515,992)
338.85
322.00
365.89
314.96
4,886,834
1,294,873
(1,081,476)
(200,710)
338.78
322.00
353.68
318.29
12,592,329
–
(3,785,217)
(654,147)
399.01
–
418.07
306.38
80,439,020
–
(21,694,176)
(5,940,411)
382.62
–
419.27
302.00
53,665,107
–
(17,704,212)
(3,374,535)
387.64
–
415.76
322.10
19,778,825 0.00
7,003,764 0.00
(2,458,290) 0.00
(3,225,216) 0.00
122,602,128
331.31
4,899,521
331.89
8,152,965
397.59
52,804,433
376.63
32,586,360
379.15
21,099,083 0.00
15,894,484
353.09
837,652
370.38
8,145,517
397.58
52,801,878
376.63
32,546,360
379.12
4,206,723 0.00
311.00
to
410.00
311.00
to
386.00
253.25
to
473.75
253.25
to
473.75
253.25
to
473.75
0.00
0.44
0.44
3.63
3.78
3.88
4.18
Outstanding at
23 February
2013
Granted
Forfeited
Exercised
Outstanding at
22 February
2014
Exercisable as
at 22
February
2014
Exercise price
range
(pence)
Weighted
average
remaining
contractual
life (years)
For the year ended 23 February 2013
Savings-related
Share Option Scheme
Irish Savings-related
Share Option Scheme
Approved Share
Option Scheme
Unapproved Share
Option Scheme
International Executive
Share Option Scheme
Nil cost share
option schemes
Options
WAEP
Options
WAEP
Options
WAEP
Options
WAEP
Options
WAEP
Options WAEP
131,921,033
32,771,389
(25,049,015)
(12,430,856)
350.28
282.00
333.25
321.54
4,975,203
1,407,939
(1,055,775)
(440,533)
352.95
282.00
336.01
323.97
13,668,564
–
(604,143)
(472,092)
395.47
–
410.43
281.87
87,418,835
–
(3,130,086)
(3,849,729)
377.80
–
401.30
257.90
59,751,420
–
(4,379,756)
(1,706,557)
385.37
–
397.07
284.22
17,801,914 0.00
7,369,204 0.00
(3,064,780) 0.00
(2,327,513) 0.00
127,212,551
338.85
4,886,834
338.78
12,592,329
399.01
80,439,020
382.62
53,665,107
387.64
19,778,825 0.00
16,192,212
381.09
709,010
360.40
9,319,436
391.70
61,754,447
371.37
39,218,022
328.00
to
410.00
328.00
to
410.00
197.50
to
473.75
197.50
to
473.75
375.74
197.50
to
473.75
5,630,056 0.00
0.00
0.43
0.43
4.59
4.71
4.90
5.24
Outstanding at
25 February
2012
Granted
Forfeited
Exercised
Outstanding at
23 February
2013
Exercisable as
at 23
February
2013
Exercise price
range
(pence)
Weighted
average
remaining
contractual
life (years)
Share options were exercised on a regular basis throughout the financial year. The average share price during the financial year ended 22 February 2014 was
349.48p (2013: 328.39p).
Tesco PLC Annual Report and Financial Statements 2014
111
Other informationGovernanceFinancial statementsStrategic report
Notes to the Group financial statements continued
Note 25 Share-based payments continued
The fair value of share options is estimated at the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The following table gives the assumptions
applied to the options granted in the respective periods shown. No assumption has been made to incorporate the effects of expected early exercise.
Expected dividend yield (%)
Expected volatility (%)
Risk-free interest rate (%)
Expected life of option (years)
Weighted average fair value of options granted (pence)
Probability of forfeiture (%)
Share price (pence)
Weighted average exercise price (pence)
Savings-
related
share option
schemes
4.6%
21 – 23%
1.2 – 1.8%
3 or 5
47.64
14 – 16%
362.00
322.00
Executive
share option
schemes
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
2014
Nil cost
option
schemes
0.0%
27%
1.7%
6
364.85
0%
364.85
0.00
Savings-
related
share option
schemes
5.0%
21 – 28%
0.7 – 1.0%
3 or 5
43.45
14 – 16%
312.00
282.00
Executive
share option
schemes
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
2013
Nil cost
option
schemes
0.0%
27%
1.3%
6
317.72
0%
317.72
0.00
Volatility is a measure of the amount by which a price is expected to fluctuate during a period. The measure of volatility used in the Group’s option pricing
models is the annualised standard deviation of the continuously compounded rates of return on the share over a period of time. In estimating the future
volatility of the Company’s share price, the Board considers the historical volatility of the share price over the most recent period that is generally
commensurate with the expected term of the option, taking into account the remaining contractual life of the option.
Share bonus schemes
Eligible UK colleagues are able to participate in Shares In Success, an all-employee profit-sharing scheme. Each year, shares may be awarded to colleagues
as a percentage of earnings, up to a statutory maximum of £3,000 per annum. Eligible Republic of Ireland colleagues are able to participate in a Share Bonus
Scheme, an all-employee profit-sharing scheme. Each year, colleagues receive an award of either cash or shares based on a percentage of their earnings.
Selected executives participate in the Group Bonus Plan, a performance-related bonus scheme. The amount paid to colleagues is based on a percentage of
salary and is paid partly in cash and partly in shares. Bonuses are awarded to selected executives who have completed a required service period and depend
on the achievement of corporate targets.
Selected senior executives participate in the Management Performance Share Plan. Awards made under this plan will normally vest three years after the date
of the award for nil consideration. Vesting will normally be conditional on the achievement of specified performance targets related to the return on capital
employed over a three-year performance period. No further awards will be granted under this scheme and it has been replaced by the Performance Share
Plan (2011).
Selected executives participate in the Performance Share Plan (2011). Awards made under this plan will normally vest three years after the date of the award
for nil consideration. Vesting will normally be conditional on the achievement of specified performance targets related to the return on capital employed and
earnings per share over a three-year performance period.
Selected executives also participate in the US Long-Term Incentive Plan (2007), which was adopted on 29 June 2007. The awards made under this plan will
normally vest in four tranches: four, five, six and seven years after the date of award, for nil consideration.
The Executive Directors participate in short-term and long-term bonus schemes designed to align their interests with those of shareholders. Full details of
these schemes can be found in the Directors’ remuneration report.
The fair value of shares awarded under these schemes is their market value on the date of award. Expected dividends are not incorporated into the fair value
except for awards under the US Long-Term Incentive Plan.
The number and weighted average fair value (‘WAFV’) of share bonuses awarded during the financial year were:
Shares In Success
Irish Share Bonus Scheme
Executive Incentive Scheme
Performance Share Plan
US Long-Term Incentive Plan
Note 26 Post-employment benefits
Number of
shares
14,776,516
96,668
598,842
30,506,080
–
2014
WAFV
pence
383.55
384.55
375.18
361.13
–
Number of
shares
–
110,234
4,591,717
27,025,617
178,914
2013
WAFV
pence
–
301.08
301.13
317.34
314.91
Pensions
The Group operates a variety of post-employment benefit arrangements, covering both funded and unfunded defined benefit schemes and funded defined
contribution schemes. The most significant of these are the funded defined benefit pension schemes for the Group’s employees in the UK, the Republic of
Ireland, Thailand and South Korea. Of these schemes, the UK represents 95% of the defined benefit obligation (2013: 95%).
Defined contribution plans
The contributions payable for defined contribution schemes of £32m (2013: £19m) have been recognised in the Group Income Statement.
112
Tesco PLC Annual Report and Financial Statements 2014
Note 26 Post-employment benefits continued
Defined benefit plans
United Kingdom
The principal plan within the Group is the Tesco PLC Pension Scheme (the ‘Scheme’), which is a funded defined benefit pension scheme in the UK, the assets
of which are held as a segregated fund and administered by the Trustee.
The Scheme is established under trust law and has a corporate trustee that is required to run the Scheme in accordance with the Scheme’s Trust Deed and
Rules and to comply with the Pension Scheme Act 1993, Pensions Act 1995, Pensions Act 2004 and all the relevant legislation. Responsibility for governance
of the Scheme lies with the Trustee. The Trustee is a company whose directors comprise of:
i) representatives of the Group; and
ii) the Scheme participants,
in accordance with its articles of association and UK pension law.
All members are eligible to join the Career Average section of the Scheme (‘Pension Builder’), where benefits are based on a member’s salary and their length
of service. There is a Final Salary section of the Scheme which was closed to new entrants in 2001.
Towers Watson Limited, an independent actuary, carried out the latest triennial actuarial assessment of the scheme as at 31 March 2011, using the projected
unit method.
At 31 March 2011, the actuarial deficit was £934m. The market value of the schemes’ assets was £5,587m and these assets represented 86% of the benefits
that had accrued to members, after allowing for expected increases in earnings and pensions in payment.
The scheme has a duration of 22 years.
Scheme Liabilities as at 31 March 2011
The table below shows a breakdown of the liabilities held by the Scheme as at 31 March 2011, the date of the last triennial valuation.
Active
Deferred
Pensioner
The table below shows a breakdown of the liabilities for active members held by the Scheme as at 31 March 2011
Pension Builder
Final Salary
Overseas
The most significant overseas schemes are the funded defined benefit schemes which operate in the Republic of Ireland, Thailand and South Korea.
An independent actuary, using the projected unit method, carried out the latest actuarial assessment of the Republic of Ireland scheme as at 1 April 2010,
Thailand as at 23 February 2013 and South Korea as at 22 February 2014.
The valuations used for IAS 19 have been based on the most recent actuarial valuations and updated by Towers Watson Limited to take account of the
requirements of IAS 19 in order to assess the liabilities of the schemes as at 22 February 2014. The schemes’ assets are stated at their market values as at
22 February 2014. Towers Watson Limited have updated the most recent Republic of Ireland, Thailand and South Korea valuations. The liabilities relating
to retirement healthcare benefits have also been determined in accordance with IAS 19.
%
55
19
26
%
49
51
Principal assumptions
The major assumptions, on a weighted average basis, used by the actuaries were as follows:
Discount rate
Price inflation
Rate of increase in deferred pensions*
Rate of increase in salaries
Rate of increase in pensions in payment*
Benefits accrued before 1 June 2012
Benefits accrued after 1 June 2012
Rate of increase in career average benefits
Benefits accrued before 1 June 2012
Benefits accrued after 1 June 2012
2014
%
4.7
3.3
2.3
3.4
3.1
2.3
3.3
2.3
2013
%
5.1
3.3
2.3
3.4
3.1
2.3
3.3
2.3
*
In excess of any Guaranteed Minimum Pension (‘GMP’) element.
UK mortality assumptions
The Group conducts analysis of mortality trends under the Tesco PLC Pension Scheme in the UK as part of the triennial actuarial valuation of the Scheme.
At the latest triennial actuarial valuation as at 31 March 2011 the following assumptions were adopted for funding purposes:
Base tables:
90% of the SAPS normal male pensioners for male staff and 80% of the SAPS all male pensioners light for male senior managers.
105% of the SAPS normal female pensioners for female staff and 90% for female senior managers.
These assumptions were used for the calculation of the pension liability as at 22 February 2014 for the main UK scheme.
Tesco PLC Annual Report and Financial Statements 2014
113
Other informationGovernanceFinancial statementsStrategic report
Notes to the Group financial statements continued
Note 26 Post-employment benefits continued
The mortality assumptions used are based on tables that have been projected to 2009 with long cohort improvements. In addition, the allowance for future
mortality improvements from 2009 is in line with medium cohort projections with a minimum annual improvement of 1% per annum.
The following table illustrates the expectation of life of an average member retiring at age 65 at the reporting date and a member reaching age 65 at reporting
date +25 years.
Retiring at reporting date at age 65:
Retiring at reporting date +25 years at age 65:
Male
Female
Male
Female
Risks
The Group bears a numbers of risks in relation to the Scheme, which are described below:
2014
Years
22.9
24.4
25.2
26.6
2013
Years
22.8
24.3
25.2
26.5
Investment risk – The Scheme’s IAS 19 liabilities are calculated using a discount rate set with reference to corporate bond yields. If the return on the Scheme’s
assets underperform this rate, the IAS 19 deficit will increase. The Trustee and the Group regularly monitor the funding position and operate a diversified
investment strategy.
Inflation risk – The Scheme’s benefit obligations are linked to inflation therefore higher inflation will lead to higher liabilities. This will be partially offset by an
increase in any Scheme assets that are linked to, or correlate with, inflation. Changes to future benefits were introduced in June 2012 to reduce the Scheme’s
exposure to inflation risk by changing the basis for calculating the rate of increase in pensions to CPI (previously RPI).
Changes in bond yields – A decrease in corporate bond yields will increase the Scheme’s liabilities. However, this may be partially offset by an increase in the
capital value of the Scheme’s assets that have similar characteristics.
Life expectancy risk – The Scheme’s obligations are to provide benefits for the life of the member and so increases in life expectancy will lead to higher
liabilities. To reduce this risk, changes to future benefits were introduced in June 2012 to increase the age at which members can take their full pension
by two years. Furthermore the Group has the ability to change this in the future if there are further unexpected changes in life expectancy.
An Audit & Risk Pensions Committee was established to further strengthen our Trustee Governance and provide greater oversight and stronger internal
control over our risks. Further mitigation of the risks is provided by external advisors and the Trustee who consider the funding position, fund performance,
and impacts of any regulatory changes.
A different approach is used to calculate the triennial actuarial liabilities and the IAS 19 liabilities. The key difference is that IAS 19 requires the discount rate
to be set using corporate bonds whilst the actuarial liabilities discount rate is based on expected returns of Scheme assets.
Sensitivity analysis of significant actuarial assumptions
Change in UK defined benefit obligation from a 0.1% increase in discount rate
Increase in UK defined benefit obligation from a 1% increase in pensions in payment
Increase in UK defined benefit obligation from a 1% increase in salary growth
Increase in UK defined benefit obligation from each additional year of longevity assumed
2014
£m
240
1,210
320
350
2013
£m
210
1,060
280
310
The method and assumptions used to determine sensitivity and their limitation is the effect of varying the assumption whilst holding all other assumptions constant.
Plan Assets
The table below shows a breakdown of the combined investments held by the Group’s schemes
Equities
UK
Europe
Rest of the World
Bonds
Government
Corporates – Investment grade
Corporates – Non-investment grade
Property
UK
Rest of the World
Alternative Assets
Hedge Funds
Private Equity
Other
Cash
Total Market Value of Assets
114
Tesco PLC Annual Report and Financial Statements 2014
2014
£m
476
891
3,029
4,396
280
744
170
1,194
519
247
766
586
472
75
1,133
635
8,124
2013
£m
302
655
3,048
4,005
332
732
469
1,533
513
229
742
545
362
–
907
19
7,206
Note 26 Post-employment benefits continued
At the year end, 77% (2013: 76%) of investments were quoted on a recognised stock exchange or held in cash or assets readily convertible to cash and are
therefore considered to be liquid.
The plan assets include £3m (2013: £2m) of the Group’s transferable financial instruments. In addition, the plan assets include £158m (2013: £289m) relating
to property used by the Group. In addition, Group property with net carrying value of £416m (2013: £416m) has been held as security in favour of the Scheme.
Movement in pension deficit during the financial year
Changes in the fair value of defined benefit pension assets are as follows:
Opening fair value of defined benefit pension assets
Interest income
Return on plan assets greater than discount rate
Contributions by employer
Additional contribution by employer**
Actual member contributions
Foreign currency translation
Benefits paid
Closing fair value of defined benefit pension assets
2014
£m
7,206
372
253
531
4
12
(14)
(240)
8,124
2013*
£m
6,169
338
219
486
180
10
9
(205)
7,206
*
**
Restated – As per Note 1, the amended IAS 19 requires retrospective restatement of net interest amount to be calculated by applying the discount rate to the net defined
benefit liability. There is no movement in the pension asset as asset outperformance is taken to return on plan assets greater than discount rate.
The contributions are agreed by the Company and Trustees at each triennial valuation. As part of the 2011 triennial valuation, the Company agreed with the Trustee to
increase security and, on top of the normal contributions, made an additional contribution of £180m to the Scheme on 30 March 2012.
Changes in the present value of defined benefit pension obligation are as follows:
Opening defined benefit pension obligation
Current service cost
Interest cost
Losses on change of financial assumptions
Losses on change of demographic assumptions
Experience (losses)/gains
Foreign currency translation
Benefits paid
Actual member contributions
Closing defined benefit pension obligation
2014
£m
(9,584)
(542)
(478)
(938)
(6)
(22)
25
240
(12)
(11,317)
2013
£m
(8,041)
(482)
(411)
(830)
–
1
(16)
205
(10)
(9,584)
The amounts that have been charged to the Group Income Statement and Group Statement of Comprehensive Income for the year ended 22 February 2014
are set out below:
Analysis of the amount charged to operating profit:
Current service cost
Total charge to operating profit
Analysis of the amount (charged)/credited to finance (cost)/income:
Interest on defined benefit pension assets
Interest on defined benefit pension obligation
Net pension finance cost (Note 5)
Total charge to the Group Income Statement
Analysis of the amount recognised in the Group Statement of Comprehensive Income:
Return on plan assets greater than discount rate
Experience (losses)/gains on defined benefit pension obligation
Demographic assumption losses on defined benefit pension obligation
Financial assumption losses on defined benefit pension obligation
Foreign currency translation
Total losses recognised in the Group Statement of Comprehensive Income
2014
£m
2013*
£m
(542)
(542)
372
(478)
(106)
(648)
253
(22)
(6)
(938)
11
(702)
(482)
(482)
338
(411)
(73)
(555)
219
1
–
(830)
(7)
(617)
*
Restated – As per Note 1, the amended IAS 19 requires retrospective restatement of net interest amount to be calculated by applying the discount rate to the net defined
benefit liability. There is no movement in the pension asset as asset outperformance is taken to return on plan assets greater than discount rate.
Tesco PLC Annual Report and Financial Statements 2014
115
Other informationGovernanceFinancial statementsStrategic report
Notes to the Group financial statements continued
Note 26 Post-employment benefits continued
Summary of movements in deficit during the financial year
Deficit in schemes at beginning of the year
Current service cost
Net pension finance cost
Contributions by employer
Additional contribution by employer
Foreign currency translation
Remeasurements
Deficit in schemes at the end of the year
Deferred tax asset (Note 6)
Deficit in schemes at the end of the year net of deferred tax
2014
£m
(2,378)
(542)
(106)
531
4
11
(713)
(3,193)
634
(2,559)
2013*
£m
(1,872)
(482)
(73)
486
180
(7)
(610)
(2,378)
539
(1,839)
*
Restated – As per Note 1, the amended IAS 19 requires retrospective restatement of net interest amounts, to be calculated by applying the discount rate to the net defined
benefit liability. There is no movement in the pension deficit as asset outperformance is taken to actuarial gains/losses.
History of movements
The historical movement in defined benefit pension schemes’ assets and liabilities and history of experience gains and losses are as follows:
Total market value of assets
Present value of liabilities relating to unfunded pension schemes
Present value of liabilities relating to partially funded pension schemes
Pension deficit
Remeasurements on defined benefit pension assets
Experience (losses)/gains on defined benefit pension obligation
2014
£m
8,124
(111)
(11,206)
(3,193)
253
(22)
2013
£m
7,206
(91)
(9,493)
(2,378)
94
1
2012
£m
6,169
(60)
(7,981)
(1,872)
(168)
43
2011
£m
5,608
(65)
(6,899)
(1,356)
278
(25)
2010
£m
4,696
(54)
(6,482)
(1,840)
733
(1)
Post-employment benefits other than pensions
The Group operates a scheme offering post-retirement healthcare benefits. The cost of providing these benefits has been accounted for on a similar basis to
that used for defined benefit pension schemes.
The liability as at 22 February 2014 of £12m (2013: £12m) was determined in accordance with the advice of independent actuaries. During the year, £1m
(2013: £1m) has been charged to the Group Income Statement and £1m (2013: £1m) of benefits were paid.
Expected contributions
The Company expects to make normal cash contributions of approximately £579m to defined benefit schemes in the financial year ending 28 February 2015.
Note 27 Called up share capital
Allotted, called up and fully paid:
At beginning of the year
Share options exercised
Share bonus awards issued
At end of the year
2014
Ordinary shares of 5p each
£m
Number
2013
Ordinary shares of 5p each
£m
Number
8,054,054,930
19,662,145
22,104,016
8,095,821,091
403
1
1
405
8,031,812,445
18,632,251
3,610,234
8,054,054,930
402
1
–
403
During the financial year, 20 million (2013: 19 million) ordinary shares of 5p each were issued in relation to share options for an aggregate consideration of
£61m (2013: £57m).
During the financial year, 22 million (2013: 4 million) ordinary shares of 5p each were issued in relation to share bonus awards for an aggregate consideration
of £1.1m (2013: £0.2m).
Between 23 February 2014 and 11 April 2014 options over 942,705 ordinary shares were exercised under the terms of the Savings-related Share Option
Scheme (1981) and the Irish Savings-related Share Option Scheme (2000). Between 23 February 2014 and 11 April 2014, options over 2,207,051 ordinary
shares were exercised under the terms of the Executive Share Option Schemes (1994 and 1996) and the Discretionary Share Option Plan (2004).
As at 22 February 2014, the Directors were authorised to purchase up to a maximum in aggregate of 806.5 million (2013: 804.0 million) ordinary shares.
The holders of ordinary shares are entitled to receive dividends as declared from time to time and are entitled to one vote per share at general meetings of
the Company.
116
Tesco PLC Annual Report and Financial Statements 2014
Note 28 Related party transactions
Transactions between the Company and its subsidiaries, which are related parties, have been eliminated on consolidation and are not disclosed in this note.
Transactions between the Group and its joint ventures and associates are disclosed below:
Trading transactions
Joint ventures
Associates
Sales to
related parties
Purchases from
related parties
Amounts owed
by related parties
Amounts owed
to related parties
2014
£m
366
7
2013
£m
303
2
2014
£m
533
18
2013
£m
516
952
2014
£m
19
–
2013
£m
13
–
2014
£m
6
17
2013
£m
21
12
Sales to related parties consists of services/management fees and loan interest.
Purchases from related parties include £412m (2013: £387m) of rentals payable to the Group’s joint ventures (including those joint ventures formed as part of
the sale and leaseback programme) and £nil (2013: £952m) of fuel purchased from Greenergy International Limited. In addition, duty on the fuel purchases
paid by the Group to Greenergy International Limited was £nil (2013: £1,056m).
Non-trading transactions
Joint ventures
Associates
Sale and
leaseback of assets
Loans to
related parties
Loans from
related parties
Injection of
equity funding
2014
£m
–
46
2013
£m
493
503
2014
£m
218
37
2013
£m
459
21
2014
£m
16
–
2013
£m
16
–
2014
£m
3
7
2013
£m
24
132
Transactions between the Group and the Group’s pension plans are disclosed in Note 26.
A number of the Group’s subsidiaries are members of one or more partnerships to whom the provisions of the Partnerships (Accounts) Regulations 2008
(‘Regulations’) apply. The accounts for those partnerships have been consolidated into these accounts pursuant to Regulation 7 of the Regulations.
During the year, the Group completed one sale and leaseback transaction involving property assets in Thailand. On 24 January 2014, one trading mall was
sold to the Tesco Lotus Growth Fund, an associated entity of the Group, for a consideration of £46m.
Transactions with key management personnel
Members of the Board of Directors and Executive Committee of Tesco PLC are deemed to be key management personnel.
Key management personnel compensation and their transactions with Tesco Bank are disclosed below:
Salaries and short-term benefits
Pensions
Share-based payments
Loss of office costs
2014
£m
16
3
2
1
22
2013
£m
13
3
2
3
21
Of the total remuneration to key management personnel, £16m (2013: £7m) relates to Executive Committee members who are not on the PLC Board.
Transactions of key management personnel with Tesco Bank during the financial year were as follows:
At 22 February 2014
At 23 February 2013
Credit card and personal
loan balances
Saving deposit accounts
Number of key
management
personnel
12
12
Number of key
management
personnel
4
5
£m
–
–
£m
–
–
Tesco PLC Annual Report and Financial Statements 2014
117
Other informationGovernanceFinancial statementsStrategic report
Notes to the Group financial statements continued
Note 29 Reconciliation of profit before tax to cash generated from operations
Profit before tax
Net finance costs (Note 5)
Share of post-tax profits of joint ventures and associates (Note 13)
Operating profit of continuing operations
Operating loss of discontinued operations
Depreciation and amortisation
Profits/losses arising on one-off property-related items from continuing operations
Profits/losses arising on other property-related items from continuing operations
Profits/losses arising on property-related items from discontinued operations
Loss arising on sale of non property-related items
Profit arising on sale of subsidiaries and other investments
Impairment of goodwill (Note 10)
Impairment of other investments
Net charge of impairment of property, plant and equipment and intangible assets not included in property-related items
Adjustment for non-cash element of pensions charges
Additional contribution into pension scheme
Share-based payments (Note 25)
Tesco Bank non-cash items included in profit before tax
Increase in inventories
Increase in development stock
Increase in trade and other receivables
Increase/(decrease) in trade and other payables
(Decrease)/increase in provisions
Tesco Bank increase in loans and advances to customers (Note 17)
Tesco Bank (increase)/decrease in trade and other receivables
Tesco Bank increase in customer and bank deposits and trade and other payables
Tesco Bank increase in provisions
Increase in working capital
Cash generated from operations
* Restated for amendments to IAS 19 as explained in Note 1.
2014
£m
2,259
432
(60)
2,631
(925)
1,567
(98)
(134)
162
(1)
1
540
42
715
11
(4)
47
76
(115)
(8)
(33)
509
(73)
(1,432)
(31)
867
2
(314)
4,316
2013
(restated*)
£m
2,057
397
(72)
2,382
(1,451)
1,590
580
(419)
288
–
35
575
–
629
(4)
(180)
53
54
(54)
(40)
(104)
(112)
309
(1,220)
359
579
24
(259)
3,873
The increase in working capital includes the impact of translating foreign currency working capital movements at average exchange rates rather than year end
exchange rates.
Included in (decrease)/increase in provisions are movements in respect of provisions for onerous contracts relating to continuing operations of £(46)m
(2013: £129m) which are included in property-related items as per the Group Income Statement, and relating to discontinued operations of £(37)m (2013:
£47m) which are included in property-related items as per Note 7.
Note 30 Analysis of changes in net debt
Cash and cash equivalents
Short-term investments
Joint venture loans and other receivables
Bank and other borrowings
Finance lease payables
Net derivative financial instruments
Net debt of the disposal group
Net debt
At
23 February
2013
£m
1,457
522
434
(10,066)
(128)
1,172
12
(6,597)
Tesco Bank at
23 February
2013
£m
1,055
–
42
(638)
–
(31)
–
428
Cash flow
£m
378
494
(96)
(818)
9
36
–
3
Business
combinations
£m
9
–
–
–
–
–
–
9
Other
non-cash
movements
£m
(105)
–
10
148
5
(470)
–
(412)
Net debt
of disposal
group
£m
(288)
–
(136)
282
(7)
–
149
–
Elimination
of Tesco Bank
£m
(485)
–
(34)
486
–
5
–
(28)
At
22 February
2014
£m
2,021
1,016
220
(10,606)
(121)
712
161
(6,597)
Net debt excludes the net debt of Tesco Bank but includes that of the discontinued operations. Movements and balances related to Tesco Bank are included
within this analysis and the Reconciliation of net cash flow to movement in net debt note to allow reconciliation between the Group Balance Sheet and the
Group Cash Flow Statement. These movements and balances relating to Tesco Bank are subsequently eliminated to arrive at closing net debt.
Note 31 Business combinations and other acquisitions
During the current financial year, the Group completed business combination transactions with total cash consideration of £49m (2013: £30m), which are not
considered material to the Group individually or in aggregate.
118
Tesco PLC Annual Report and Financial Statements 2014
Note 32 Commitments and contingencies
Capital commitments
At 22 February 2014, there were commitments for capital expenditure contracted for, but not provided for of £270m (2013: £1,278m), principally relating to
store development.
Contingent liabilities
Tesco PLC has irrevocably guaranteed the liabilities of the following Irish subsidiary undertakings for the financial year ended 22 February 2014, which undertakings
have been exempted pursuant to Section 17(1) of the Companies (Amendment) Act 1986 of Ireland from the provisions of Section 7 (other than subsection (1)(b))
of that Act:
Monread Developments Limited; Edson Properties Limited; Edson Investments Limited; Cirrus Finance (2009) Limited; Commercial Investments Limited;
Chirac Limited; Clondalkin Properties Limited; Golden Island Management Services Limited; Tesco Ireland Pension Trustees Limited; Orpingford; Tesco
Trustee Company of Ireland Limited; WSC Properties Limited, Thundridge; Pharaway Properties Limited; R.J.D. Holdings; Nabola Development Limited;
PEJ Property Investments Limited; Cirrus Finance Limited; Tesco Ireland Limited; Wanze Properties (Dundalk) Limited; Valiant Insurance Company;
Tesco Ireland Holdings Limited.
For details of assets held under finance leases, which are pledged as security for the finance lease liabilities, see Note 11. There are a number of contingent
liabilities that arise in the normal course of business which if realised are not expected to result in a material liability to the Group. The Group recognises
provisions for liabilities when it is more likely than not that a settlement will be required and the value of such a payment can be reliably estimated.
Tesco Bank
At 22 February 2014, Tesco Bank had commitments of formal standby facilities, credit lines and other commitments to lend, totalling £9.7bn (2013: £8.0bn).
The amount is intended to provide an indication of the potential volume of business and not of the underlying credit or other risks.
During the year to 22 February 2014 a change was made to a methodology by which the Group measures undrawn credit card commitments to exclude both
the credit limits on cancelled cards and any overpayments made by customers. The impact of this change in the prior year is a reduction in undrawn credit
card commitments of £0.5bn.
Note 33 Tesco Bank capital resources
The following tables analyse the regulatory capital resources of Tesco Personal Finance PLC (‘TPF’), being the regulated entity at the balance sheet date:
Tier 1 capital:
Shareholders’ funds and non-controlling interests, net of tier 1 regulatory adjustments
Tier 2 capital:
Qualifying subordinated debt
Other interests
Total tier 2 regulatory adjustments
Total regulatory capital
2014
£m
2013*
£m
913
705
235
33
(21)
1,160
372
25
(64)
1,038
Following the publication of the Capital Requirements Directive (‘CRD’) IV rules in the year, the Prudential Regulation Authority (‘PRA’) issued a policy
statement on 19 December 2013 detailing how the rules will be enacted within the UK with corresponding timeframes for implementation. The CRD IV
rules will be phased in over the course of the next five years.
The movement of tier 1 capital during the financial year is analysed as follows:
At beginning of the year
Share capital and share premium
Profit attributable to shareholders
Other reserves
Ordinary dividends
Movement in material holdings
Increase in intangible assets
At end of the year, excluding CRD IV adjustments
CRD IV adjustments
Deferred tax liabilities related to intangible assets
Movement in material holdings
At end of the year, including CRD IV adjustments
2014
£m
705
140
115
1
(100)
11
(30)
842
32
39
913
2013*
£m
744
45
93
(1)
(105)
(11)
(60)
705
–
–
705
*
During the year the Group has amended its Tesco Bank capital resources to reflect the industry standard approach of including annual profits in full within capital resources
for the year to which they relate. The 2013 capital resources have been represented on a consistent basis with the current year presentation. Previously, annual profits were
only included within capital resources at the point at which they were deemed verified by the Group’s auditors.
It is TPF’s policy to maintain a strong capital base, to expand it as appropriate and to utilise it efficiently throughout its activities to optimise the return
to shareholders while maintaining a prudent relationship between the capital base and the underlying risks of the business. In carrying out this policy,
TPF has regard to the supervisory requirements of the PRA.
Tesco PLC Annual Report and Financial Statements 2014
119
Other informationGovernanceFinancial statementsStrategic report
Notes to the Group financial statements continued
Note 34 Leasing commitments
Finance lease commitments – Group as lessee
The Group has finance leases for various items of plant, equipment, fixtures and fittings. There are also a small number of buildings which are held under
finance leases. The fair value of the Group’s lease obligations approximate to their carrying value.
Future minimum lease payments under finance leases and hire purchase contracts, together with the present value of the net minimum lease payments,
are as follows:
Minimum lease payments
Present value of net
minimum lease payments
Within one year
Greater than one year but less than five years
After five years
Total minimum lease payments
Less future finance charges
Present value of minimum lease payments
Analysed as:
Current finance lease payables
Non-current finance lease payables
2014
£m
12
49
185
246
(125)
121
6
115
121
2013
£m
13
52
212
277
(149)
128
6
122
128
Operating lease commitments – Group as lessee
Future minimum rentals payable under non-cancellable operating leases are as follows:
Within one year
Greater than one year but less than five years
After five years
Total minimum lease payments
Future minimum rentals payable under non-cancellable operating leases after five years are analysed further as follows:
Greater than five years but less than ten years
Greater than ten years but less than fifteen years
After fifteen years
Total minimum lease payments – after five years
2014
£m
6
14
101
121
2013
£m
6
15
107
128
2014
£m
1,334
4,676
9,911
15,921
2014
£m
4,250
2,894
2,767
9,911
2013
£m
1,404
4,999
10,867
17,270
2013
£m
4,756
3,128
2,983
10,867
Future minimum rentals payable under non-cancellable operating leases associated with the discontinued operations in China are excluded from the 2014
figures in the above tables (2013: £1,633m). See Note 7 for further details on discontinued operations.
Operating lease payments represent rentals payable by the Group for certain of its retail, distribution and office properties and other assets such as motor
vehicles. The leases have varying terms, purchase options, escalation clauses and renewal rights. Purchase options and renewal rights, where they occur,
are at market value. Escalation clauses are in line with market practices and include inflation linked, fixed rates, resets to market rents and hybrids of these.
The Group has lease break options on certain sale and leaseback transactions, which are exercisable if an existing option to buy back leased assets at market value
at a specified date is also exercised. No commitment has been included in respect of the buy-back option as the option is at the Group’s discretion. The Group is
not obliged to pay lease rentals after that date, therefore minimum lease payments exclude those falling after the buy-back date. The current market value of these
properties is £5.4bn (2013: £5.2bn) and the total lease rentals, if they were to be incurred following the option exercise date, would be £4.2bn (2013: £4.1bn) using
current rent values.
Operating lease commitments with joint ventures and associates
Since 1988 the Group has entered into several joint ventures and associates and sold and leased back properties to and from these joint ventures and
associates. The Group entered into a property sale and leaseback transaction with an associate in this financial year. The terms of these sale and leasebacks
vary, however, common factors include: the sale of the properties to the joint venture or associate at market value; options within the lease for the Group to
repurchase the properties at market value; market rent reviews; and 20 to 30 full-year lease terms. The Group reviews the substance as well as the form of
the arrangements when determining the classification of leases as operating or finance. All of the leases under these arrangements are operating leases.
Operating lease receivables – Group as lessor
The Group both rents out its properties and also sublets various leased buildings under operating leases. At the balance sheet date, the following future
minimum lease payments are contractually receivable from tenants:
Within one year
Greater than one year but less than five years
After five years
Total minimum lease receivables
2014
£m
193
256
196
645
2013
£m
258
348
260
866
Future minimum lease payments that are contractually receivable from tenants associated with the discontinued operations in China are excluded from the
2014 figures in the above tables (2013: £153m).
120
Tesco PLC Annual Report and Financial Statements 2014
Note 35 Events after the reporting period
On 21 March 2014, the Group entered into an agreement with Trent Limited, part of the Tata Group, to form a 50:50 Joint Venture in Trent Hypermarket
Limited (‘THL’) which operates the Star Bazaar retail business in India. The Group’s investment is £85 million.
On 2 April 2014 the Group, through its subsidiary Dunnhumby Limited, acquired Sociomantic Labs (‘Sociomantic’), a Berlin-based global leader in digital
advertising solutions, for £124m. Sociomantic operates in 14 countries worldwide, with clients in retail, financial services and travel services.
Tesco PLC Annual Report and Financial Statements 2014
121
Other informationGovernanceFinancial statementsStrategic report
Tesco PLC – Parent Company balance sheet
Non-current assets
Investments
Derivative financial instruments
Current assets
Derivative financial instruments
Debtors
Short-term investments
Cash and cash equivalents
Creditors – amounts falling due within one year
Borrowings
Derivative financial instruments
Other creditors
Net current assets
Total assets less current liabilities
Creditors – amounts falling due after more than one year
Borrowings
Derivative financial instruments
Net assets
Capital and reserves
Called up share capital
Share premium
Profit and loss reserve
Total equity
22 February
2014
£m
23 February
2013
£m
Notes
5
10
10
6
7
9
10
8
9
10
13
14
14
13,691
1,430
15,121
64
12,536
1,016
106
13,722
(1,705)
(130)
(8,953)
(10,788)
2,934
18,055
(7,953)
(703)
(8,656)
9,399
405
5,080
3,914
9,399
14,540
1,913
16,453
198
12,017
522
5
12,742
(292)
(91)
(8,218)
(8,601)
4,141
20,594
(9,436)
(694)
(10,130)
10,464
403
5,020
5,041
10,464
The notes on pages 123 to 130 form part of these financial statements.
Philip Clarke
Directors
The Parent Company financial statements on pages 122 to 130 were authorised for issue by the Directors on 2 May 2014 and are subject to the approval of
the shareholders at the Annual General Meeting on 27 June 2014.
Tesco PLC
Registered number 00445790
122
Tesco PLC Annual Report and Financial Statements 2014
Notes to the Parent Company financial statements
Note 1 Accounting policies
Basis of preparation
The Parent Company financial statements have been prepared on a going
concern basis using the historical cost convention modified for the
revaluation of certain financial instruments and in accordance with generally
accepted accounting principles (‘UK GAAP’) and the Companies Act 2006.
Financial instruments
Financial assets and financial liabilities are recognised on the Company’s
Balance Sheet when the Company becomes party to the contractual
provisions of the instrument.
The financial year represents the 52 weeks to 22 February 2014
(prior financial year 52 weeks to 23 February 2013).
A summary of the Company’s significant accounting policies is set out below.
Exemptions
The Directors have taken advantage of the exemption available under
Section 408 of the Companies Act 2006 and not presented a Profit
and Loss Account for the Company alone.
The Company has taken advantage of the FRS 29 ‘Financial Instruments:
Disclosures’ exemption and not provided derivative financial instrument
disclosures of the Company alone.
The Company has also taken advantage of the exemption from preparing
a Cash Flow Statement under the terms of FRS 1 ‘Cash Flow Statement’.
The cash flows of the Company are included in the Tesco Group
financial statements.
The Company is also exempt under the terms of FRS 8 ‘Related Parties’
from disclosing related party transactions with entities that are part of the
Tesco Group.
Short-term investments
Short-term investments relate to money market deposits which are
recognised initially at fair value, and subsequently at amortised cost.
All income from these investments is included in the Profit and Loss
Account as interest receivable and similar income.
Investments in subsidiaries and joint ventures
Investments in subsidiaries and joint ventures are stated at cost less,
where appropriate, provisions for impairment.
Foreign currencies
Assets and liabilities that are denominated in foreign currencies are
translated into Pounds Sterling at the exchange rates prevailing at the
balance sheet date of the financial year.
Share-based payments
The fair value of employee share option plans is calculated at the grant
date using the Black-Scholes model. The resulting cost is charged to the
Profit and Loss Account over the vesting period. The value of the charge is
adjusted to reflect expected and actual levels of vesting.
Where the Company awards shares or options to employees of subsidiary
entities, this is treated as a capital contribution.
Debtors
Debtors are recognised initially at fair value, and subsequently at amortised
cost using the effective interest rate method, less provision for impairment.
Financial liabilities and equity instruments
Financial liabilities and equity instruments are classified according to
the substance of the contractual arrangements entered into. An equity
instrument is any contract that gives a residual interest in the assets of the
Company after deducting all of its liabilities. Equity instruments issued by
the Company are recorded as the proceeds received, net of direct issue costs.
Borrowings
Interest-bearing bank loans and overdrafts are initially recognised at
the value of the amount received, net of attributable transaction costs.
Subsequent to initial recognition, interest-bearing borrowings are stated
at amortised cost with any differences between cost and redemption value
being recognised in the Company Profit and Loss Account over the period
of the borrowings on an effective interest basis.
Other creditors
Other creditors are recognised initially at fair value, and subsequently
at amortised cost using the effective interest rate method.
Derivative financial instruments and hedge accounting
The Company uses derivative financial instruments to hedge its exposure
to foreign exchange and interest rate risks arising from operating, financing
and investing activities. The Company does not hold or issue derivative
financial instruments for trading purposes.
Derivative financial instruments are recognised and stated at fair value.
Where derivatives do not qualify for hedge accounting, any gains or losses
on remeasurement are immediately recognised in the Company Profit and
Loss Account. Where derivatives qualify for hedge accounting, recognition
of any resultant gain or loss depends on the nature of the hedge relationship
and the items being hedged.
In order to qualify for hedge accounting, the Company is required to
document from inception, the relationship between the item being hedged
and the hedging instrument. The Company is also required to document and
demonstrate an assessment of the relationship between the hedged item
and the hedging instrument, which shows that the hedge will be highly
effective on an on-going basis. This effectiveness testing is performed at
each reporting date to ensure that the hedge remains highly effective.
Derivative financial instruments with maturity dates of more than one
year from the balance sheet date are disclosed as falling due after more
than one year.
Tesco PLC Annual Report and Financial Statements 2014
123
Other informationGovernanceFinancial statementsStrategic report
Notes to the Parent Company financial statements continued
Note 1 Accounting policies continued
Fair value hedging
Derivative financial instruments are classified as fair value hedges when they
hedge the Company’s exposure to changes in the fair value of a recognised
asset or liability. Changes in the fair value of derivatives that are designated
and qualify as fair value hedges are recorded in the Company Profit and Loss
Account, together with any changes in the fair value of the hedged item that
is attributable to the hedged risk.
Cash flow hedging
Derivative financial instruments are classified as cash flow hedges when they
hedge the Company’s exposure to variability in cash flows that are either
attributable to a particular risk associated with a recognised asset or liability,
or a highly probable forecasted transaction.
Pensions
The Company participates in the Tesco PLC Pension Scheme and cannot identify
its share of the underlying assets and liabilities of the scheme. Accordingly, as
permitted by FRS 17 ‘Retirement Benefits’, the Company has accounted for
the scheme as a defined contribution scheme, and the charge for the period
is based upon the cash contributions payable.
Taxation
Corporation tax payable is provided on the taxable profit for the year, using
the tax rates enacted or substantively enacted by the Balance Sheet date.
The company will surrender group relief to Group companies and
consequently there may be no tax charge in the Profit and Loss Account.
The effective element of any gain or loss from remeasuring the derivative
instrument is recognised directly in equity.
The associated cumulative gain or loss is removed from equity and
recognised in the Company Profit and Loss Account in the same period
during which the hedged transaction affects the Company Profit and Loss
Account. The classification of the effective portion when recognised in the
Company Profit and Loss Account is the same as the classification of the
hedged transaction. Any element of the re-measurement criteria of the
derivative instrument which does not meet the criteria for an effective
hedge is recognised immediately in the Company Profit and Loss Account.
Deferred tax is recognised in respect of all timing differences that have
originated but not reversed at the Balance Sheet date and would give rise to
an obligation to pay more or less tax in the future. Deferred tax assets are
recognised to the extent that they are recoverable. They are regarded as
recoverable to the extent that on the basis of all available evidence, it is
regarded as more likely than not that there will be suitable taxable profits
from which the future reversal of the underlying timing differences can be
deducted. Deferred tax is measured on a non-discontinued basis at the tax
rates that are expected to apply in the periods in which the timing differences
reverse, based on tax rates and laws that have been substantively enacted by
the Balance Sheet date.
Hedge accounting is discontinued when the hedging instrument
expires or is sold, terminated or exercised, or no longer qualifies for hedge
accounting or is de-designated. At that point in time, any cumulative gain
or loss on the hedging instrument recognised in equity is retained in equity
until the forecasted transaction occurs or the original hedged item affects
the Company Profit and Loss Account. If a forecasted hedged transaction is
no longer expected to occur, the net cumulative gain or loss recognised in
equity is transferred to the Company Profit and Loss Account.
124
Tesco PLC Annual Report and Financial Statements 2014
Note 2 Auditor remuneration
Fees payable to the Company’s auditor for the audit of the Company and Group financial statements
Note 3 Employment costs, including Directors’ remuneration
Wages and salaries*
Social security costs
Other pension costs
Share-based payment expense**
2014
£m
0.8
2013
£m
0.8
2014
£m
21
2
2
1
26
2013
£m
20
2
2
6
30
* The wages and salaries expense includes a recharge from Tesco Stores Limited for Board-related functions.
** The share-based payment expense in 2013 includes an amount of £3m relating to liabilities of Tesco Japan that were not transferred to the acquiring company on disposal.
The average number of employees (all Directors of the Company) during the financial year was 10 (2013: 13).
The Schedule V requirements of SI 2008/410 for Directors’ remuneration are included within the Directors’ remuneration report on pages 41 to 61.
Note 4 Dividends
For details of dividends see Note 8 in the Group financial statements.
Note 5 Investments
Cost
At 23 February 2013
Additions
Disposals
Transfers
At 22 February 2014
Impairment
At 23 February 2013
Impairment
At 22 February 2014
Net carrying value
At 22 February 2014
At 23 February 2013
Shares
in Group
undertakings
£m
Shares in
joint
ventures
£m
15,598
632
(1)
(489)
15,740
1,074
991
2,065
13,675
14,524
16
–
–
–
16
–
–
–
16
16
Total
£m
15,614
632
(1)
(489)
15,756
1,074
991
2,065
13,691
14,540
For a list of the Company’s principal operating subsidiary undertakings and joint ventures see Note 13 in the Group financial statements.
The £991m impairment relates to the Company’s investments in the Group’s Chinese retail operations. During the period, the Group entered into definitive
agreements with China Resources Enterprise, Limited to combine their respective Chinese retail operations. The definitive agreements allow for the exchange
of the Group’s Chinese retail and property interests plus cash of HK$4,325m for a 20% interest in the combined businesses. Consequently, the Directors have
written-down the Company’s investments in China to the value consolidated in the Group financial statements, which reflects the fair value for disposal.
Please refer to Note 7 in the Group financial statements for further details.
Tesco PLC Annual Report and Financial Statements 2014
125
Other informationGovernanceFinancial statementsStrategic report
Notes to the Parent Company financial statements continued
Note 6 Debtors
Amounts owed by Group undertakings*
Amounts owed by joint ventures and associates**
Other debtors
Deferred tax asset***
2014
£m
12,378
127
11
20
12,536
2013
£m
11,823
173
17
4
12,017
Amounts owed by Group undertakings are either interest-bearing or non-interest bearing depending on the type and duration of debtor relationship.
* Debtors include amounts owed by Group undertakings of £65m (2013: £nil) due after more than one year.
** Of the amounts owed by joint ventures and associates, £125m (2013: £112m) is due after more than one year.
*** The deferred tax asset recognised by the Company, and the movements thereon, during the financial year are as follows:
At 23 February 2013
Charge to the Profit and Loss Account for the year
Movement in reserves for the year
At 22 February 2014
Note 7 Short-term investments
Short-term investments
Note 8 Other creditors
Amounts falling due within one year:
Amounts owed to Group undertakings
Other creditors
Taxation and social security
Accruals and deferred income
Financial
instruments
£m
4
(2)
18
20
2014
£m
1,016
2013
£m
522
2014
£m
8,898
50
1
4
8,953
2013
£m
8,167
47
1
3
8,218
Amounts owed to Group undertakings are either interest-bearing or non-interest bearing depending on the type and duration of creditor relationship.
126
Tesco PLC Annual Report and Financial Statements 2014
Note 9 Borrowings
Bank loans and overdrafts
Loans from joint ventures
5% MTN
2% USD Bond
5.125% MTN
4% RPI MTN*
5.875% MTN
2.7% MTN
5.5% USD Bond
3.375% MTN
5.5% MTN
6.125% MTN
5% MTN
3.322% LPI MTN**
6% MTN
5.5% MTN
1.982% RPI MTN***
6.15% USD Bond
4.875% MTN
5.125% MTN
5.2% MTN
Other MTNs
Other loans
Par value
–
–
£600m
$500m
€600m
£299m
€1,039m
$500m
$850m
€750m
£350m
£900m
£389m
£309m
£200m
£200m
£252m
$1,150m
£173m
€600m
£279m
–
–
Maturity
year
–
–
2014
2014
2015
2016
2016
2017
2017
2018
2019
2022
2023
2025
2029
2033
2036
2037
2042
2047
2057
–
–
2014
£m
658
10
628
300
528
304
1,011
299
595
620
352
948
401
310
242
241
256
792
174
605
274
110
–
9,658
2013
£m
58
10
642
328
566
295
1,071
328
674
653
352
948
404
299
255
251
248
911
174
641
274
122
224
9,728
* The 4% RPI MTN is redeemable at par, including indexation for increases in the RPI over the life of the MTN.
** The 3.322% LPI MTN is redeemable at par, including indexation for increases in the RPI over the life of the MTN. The maximum indexation of the principal in any one year is 5%,
with a minimum of 0%.
*** The 1.982% RPI MTN is redeemable at par, including indexation for increases in the RPI over the life of the MTN.
Repayment analysis:
Amounts falling due within one year
Amounts falling due after more than one year:
Amounts falling due between one and two years
Amounts falling due between two and five years
Amounts falling due after more than five years
2014
£m
1,705
1,705
528
2,829
4,596
7,953
9,658
2013
£m
292
292
1,093
2,934
5,409
9,436
9,728
Tesco PLC Annual Report and Financial Statements 2014
127
Other informationGovernanceFinancial statementsStrategic report
Notes to the Parent Company financial statements continued
Note 10 Derivative financial instruments
The fair value of derivative financial instruments has been disclosed in the Company’s Balance Sheet as:
Amounts falling due within one year
Amounts falling due after more than one year
Total
Fair value hedges
Interest rate swaps and similar instruments
Cross currency swaps
Cash flow hedges
Interest rate swaps and similar instruments
Cross currency swaps
Index-linked swaps
Forward foreign currency contracts
Derivatives in cash flow hedge and not
in a formal relationship*
Cross currency swaps
Derivatives not in a formal hedge relationship
Index-linked swaps
Forward foreign currency contracts
Total
Asset
£m
64
1,430
1,494
2014
Liability
£m
(130)
(703)
(833)
Asset
£m
198
1,913
2,111
Fair value
£m
Asset
Notional
£m
Fair value
£m
61
583
–
139
86
2
1,065
2,055
–
287
860
486
–
(25)
(110)
(103)
–
(1)
2014
Liability
Notional
£m
–
551
400
782
–
196
Fair value
£m
Asset
Notional
£m
Fair value
£m
103
890
–
237
80
–
1,065
2,749
–
642
833
93
–
(34)
(126)
(31)
–
(1)
2013
Liability
£m
(91)
(694)
(785)
2013
Liability
Notional
£m
–
249
400
531
–
72
10
308
–
–
–
–
(10)
325
583
30
1,494
3,354
828
9,243
(499)
(95)
(833)
3,339
2,085
7,353
603
198
2,111
3,089
2,630
11,101
(530)
(53)
(785)
3,589
919
6,085
*
These are designated as cash flow hedges and net investment hedges at Group level but for PLC financial statements are classified as cash flow hedges and ‘not in a formal
hedge relationship’.
Note 11 Share-based payments
The Company’s equity-settled share-based payment schemes comprise various share schemes designed to reward Executive Directors. For further
information on these schemes, including the valuation models and assumptions used, see Note 25 in the Group financial statements.
Share option schemes
The number of options and WAEP of share option schemes relating to the Company employees are:
For the year ended 22 February 2014
Outstanding at 24 February 2013
Granted
Forfeited
Exercised
Outstanding at 22 February 2014
Exercisable as at 22 February 2014
Savings-related
Share Option Scheme
WAEP
Options
346.61
17,390
322.00
1,862
378.28
(6,292)
316.15
(3,852)
332.59
9,108
–
–
Exercise price range (pence)
Weighted average remaining contractual life (years)
–
–
–
–
Approved
Share Option Scheme
WAEP
Options
367.22
57,184
–
–
392.90
(38,176)
–
–
315.65
19,008
315.65
19,008
312.75 to
318.60
1.68
–
–
Unapproved
Share Option Scheme
WAEP
Options
384.66
13,988,866
–
–
424.36
(3,577,576)
338.40
(935,696)
374.24
9,475,594
374.24
9,475,594
Nil cost
share options
WAEP
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
Options
14,317,776
1,978,324
(2,550,724)
(3,030,439)
10,714,937
4,206,723
312.75 to
473.75
3.57
–
–
–
–
0.00
4.18
128
Tesco PLC Annual Report and Financial Statements 2014
Note 11 Share-based payments continued
Savings-related
Share Option Scheme
Approved
Share Option Scheme
Unapproved
Share Option Scheme
Nil cost
share options
For the year ended 23 February 2013
Outstanding at 26 February 2012
Granted
Forfeited
Exercised
Outstanding at 23 February 2013
Exercisable as at 23 February 2013
Exercise price range (pence)
Weighted average remaining contractual life (years)
Options
25,912
3,189
(11,711)
–
17,390
3,276
–
–
WAEP
355.62
282.00
348.94
–
346.61
410.00
410.00
0.20
Options
64,330
–
(7,146)
–
57,184
28,600
WAEP
373.06
–
419.80
–
367.22
314.68
Options
14,368,570
–
(379,704)
–
13,988,866
11,218,026
WAEP
385.59
–
419.80
–
384.66
375.98
Options
16,030,275
3,606,494
(2,991,480)
(2,327,513)
14,317,776
5,630,056
312.75
to 318.60
2.51
–
–
312.75
to 473.75
4.74
–
–
–
–
Share bonus schemes
The number and WAFV of share bonuses awarded during the financial year relating to the Company employees are:
Shares In Success
Executive Incentive Scheme
Performance Share Plan
Note 12 Pensions
Shares
number
847
–
–
2014
WAFV
pence
383.55
–
–
Shares
number
–
37,424
649,113
WAEP
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
5.24
2013
WAFV
pence
–
308.25
317.10
The total cost of the pension scheme to the Company was £2.3m (2013: £1.5m). Further disclosure relating to the Tesco PLC Pension Scheme can be found in
Note 26 of the Group financial statements.
Note 13 Called up share capital
Allotted, called up and fully paid:
At beginning of the year
Share options
Share bonus awards
At end of the year
2014
2013
Ordinary shares of 5p each
Ordinary shares of 5p each
Number
£m
Number
8,054,054,930
19,662,145
22,104,016
8,095,821,091
403 8,031,812,445
18,632,251
3,610,234
405 8,054,054,930
1
1
£m
402
1
–
403
During the financial year, 20 million (2013: 19 million) ordinary shares of 5p each were issued in relation to share options for an aggregate consideration of
£61m (2013: £57m).
During the financial year, 22 million (2013: 4 million) ordinary shares of 5p each were issued in relation to share bonus awards for an aggregate consideration
of £1.1m (2013: £0.2m).
Between 23 February 2014 and 11 April 2014 options over 942,705 ordinary shares were exercised under the terms of the Savings-related Share Option
Scheme (1981) and the Irish Savings-related Share Option Scheme (2000). Between 23 February 2014 and 11 April 2014, options over 2,207,051 ordinary
shares were exercised under the terms of the Executive Share Option Schemes (1994 and 1996) and the Discretionary Share Option Plan (2004).
As at 22 February 2014, the Directors were authorised to purchase up to a maximum in aggregate of 806.5 million (2013: 804.0 million) ordinary shares.
The holders of ordinary shares are entitiled to receive dividends as declared from time to time and are entitled to one vote per share at general meetings
of the Company.
Tesco PLC Annual Report and Financial Statements 2014
129
Other informationGovernanceFinancial statementsStrategic report
Notes to the Parent Company financial statements continued
Note 14 Reserves
Share premium account
At beginning of the year
Premium on issue of shares less costs
At end of the year
Profit and loss reserve
At beginning of the year
Share-based payments
Dividends authorised in the year
Net movement on cash flow hedges
Profit after tax for the year
At end of the year
2014
£m
5,020
60
5,080
5,041
54
(1,189)
(78)
86
3,914
2013
£m
4,964
56
5,020
2,842
61
(1,184)
2
3,320
5,041
130
Tesco PLC Annual Report and Financial Statements 2014
Independent auditors’ report to the members of Tesco PLC
Report on the Parent Company financial statements
Our opinion
In our opinion the Parent Company financial statements, defined below:
• give a true and fair view of the state of the Parent Company’s affairs
as at 22 February 2014;
Other matters on which we are required to report by exception
Adequacy of accounting records and information and
explanations received
Under the Companies Act 2006 we are required to report to you if,
in our opinion:
• have been properly prepared in accordance with United Kingdom
• we have not received all the information and explanations we require for
Generally Accepted Accounting Practice; and
• have been prepared in accordance with the requirements of the
Companies Act 2006.
This opinion is to be read in the context of what we say in the remainder
of this report.
What we have audited
our audit; or
• adequate accounting records have not been kept by the Parent Company,
or returns adequate for our audit have not been received from branches
not visited by us; or
• the Parent Company financial statements and the part of the Directors’
Remuneration Report to be audited are not in agreement with the
accounting records and returns.
We have no exceptions to report arising from this responsibility.
The parent Company financial statements, which are prepared by Tesco PLC,
comprise:
Directors’ remuneration
• the Parent Company Balance Sheet as at 22 February 2014; and
• the notes to the Parent Company financial statements, which
include a summary of significant accounting policies and other
explanatory information.
Under the Companies Act 2006 we are required to report to you if,
in our opinion, certain disclosures of directors’ remuneration specified
by law have not been made. We have no exceptions to report arising from
this responsibility.
The financial reporting framework that has been applied in their preparation
comprises applicable law and United Kingdom Accounting Standards (United
Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice).
In applying the financial reporting framework, the directors have made a
number of subjective judgements, for example in respect of significant
accounting estimates. In making such estimates, they have made
assumptions and considered future events.
Certain disclosures required by the financial reporting framework have
been presented elsewhere in the Annual Report and Financial Statements
(the “Annual Report”) rather than in the notes to the financial statements.
These are cross-referenced from the financial statements and are identified
as audited.
What an audit of financial statements involves
We conducted our audit in accordance with International Standards on
Auditing (UK & Ireland) (“ISAs (UK & Ireland)”). An audit involves obtaining
evidence about the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements
sufficient to give reasonable assurance that the financial statements are free
from material misstatement, whether caused by fraud or error. This includes
an assessment of:
• whether the accounting policies are appropriate to the Parent
Company’s circumstances and have been consistently applied
and adequately disclosed;
• the reasonableness of significant accounting estimates made by
the directors; and
• the overall presentation of the financial statements.
In addition, we read all the financial and non-financial information in
the Annual Report to identify material inconsistencies with the audited
Parent Company financial statements and to identify any information that
is apparently materially incorrect based on, or materially inconsistent with,
the knowledge acquired by us in the course of performing the audit. If we
become aware of any apparent material misstatements or inconsistencies
we consider the implications for our report.
Opinions on other matters prescribed by the Companies Act 2006
In our opinion:
• the information given in the Strategic Report and the Directors’ Report for
the financial year for which the Parent Company financial statements are
prepared is consistent with the Parent Company financial statements; and
• the part of the Directors’ Remuneration Report to be audited has been
properly prepared in accordance with the Companies Act 2006.
Other information in the Annual Report
Under ISAs (UK & Ireland), we are required to report to you if, in our opinion,
information in the Annual Report is:
• materially inconsistent with the information in the audited Parent
Company financial statements; or
• apparently materially incorrect based on, or materially inconsistent with,
our knowledge of the Parent Company acquired in the course of
performing our audit; or
• is otherwise misleading.
We have no exceptions to report arising from this responsibility.
Responsibilities for the financial statements and the audit
Our responsibilities and those of the directors
As explained more fully in the Directors’ Responsibilities Statement set out
on page 64, the directors are responsible for the preparation of the Parent
Company financial statements and for being satisfied that they give a true
and fair view.
Our responsibility is to audit and express an opinion on the Parent Company
financial statements in accordance with applicable law and ISAs (UK &
Ireland). Those standards require us to comply with the Auditing Practices
Board’s Ethical Standards for Auditors.
This report, including the opinions, has been prepared for and only for the
Company’s members as a body in accordance with Chapter 3 of Part 16 of
the Companies Act 2006 and for no other purpose. We do not, in giving
these opinions, accept or assume responsibility for any other purpose or to
any other person to whom this report is shown or into whose hands it may
come save where expressly agreed by our prior consent in writing.
Other Matter
We have reported separately on the Group financial statements of Tesco PLC
for the 52 weeks ended 22 February 2014.
Mark Gill (Senior Statutory Auditor)
for and on behalf of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
Chartered Accountants and Statutory Auditors
London
2 May 2014
Tesco PLC Annual Report and Financial Statements 2014
131
Other informationGovernanceFinancial statementsStrategic report
Supplementary information (unaudited)
Tesco Bank income statement
Revenue
Interest receivable and similar income
Fees and commissions receivable
Direct costs
Interest payable
Fees and commissions payable
Gross profit
Other expenses:
Staff costs
Premises and equipment
Other administrative expenses
Depreciation and amortisation
(excluding amortisation of intangibles arising on acquisition)
Trading profit before provisions for bad and doubtful debts
Provisions for bad and doubtful debts
Trading profit
Deduct: Tesco Bank intangibles2
Deduct: IAS 17 Leasing charge
Movements on derivatives and hedge accounting
Net finance costs: interest
Share of profit of joint ventures and associates
Restructuring and other one-off items3
Deduct: management charges
Profit before tax
20141
£m
507
496
1,003
(149)
(29)
(178)
825
(146)
(87)
(266)
(71)
(570)
255
(61)
194
(12)
–
6
(6)
2
(63)
(1)
120
20131
£m
480
541
1,021
(172)
(26)
(198)
823
(134)
(78)
(276)
(62)
(550)
273
(82)
191
(15)
(1)
–
(9)
10
(85)
(1)
90
Notes
1 These results are for the 12 months ended 28 February 2014 and the previous year comparison is made with the 12 months ended 28 February 2013.
2 The non-cash amortisation of intangibles arising on acquisition.
3
Restructuring and other one-off items includes year end provisions for PPI (2013/14: £20m; 2012/2013: £90m), CCA (2013/14: £43m; 2012/13: nil) and CCP (2013/14: nil;
2012/13: £25m). Restructuring and other one-off items in 2012/13 includes a one-off credit of £30m.
The above is not a primary statement, nor a note to the financial statements and does not form part of the Group Income Statement. It is supplementary information to aid
understanding of our non retail business.
132
Tesco PLC Annual Report and Financial Statements 2014
Tesco Bank balance sheet
Non-current assets
Intangible assets
Property, plant and equipment
Investments in joint ventures and associates
Other investments
Loans and advances to customers
Derivative financial instruments
Current assets
Trade and other receivables
Loans and advances to customers
Derivative financial instruments
Current tax assets
Cash and cash equivalents
Current liabilities
Trade and other payables
Financial liabilities:
Derivative financial instruments
Customer deposits
Deposits by banks
Provisions
Net current liabilities
Non-current liabilities
Financial liabilities:
Borrowings
Derivative financial instruments
Customer deposits
Deposits by banks
Deferred tax liabilities
Net assets included within Tesco Group accounts2
20141
£m
446
93
77
850
3,210
35
4,711
209
3,705
2
1
485
4,402
20131
£m
428
94
95
819
2,465
33
3,934
186
3,093
–
36
1,055
4,370
(260)
(246)
(4)
(4,713)
(772)
(105)
(5,854)
(1,452)
(395)
(38)
(1,366)
(8)
(25)
1,427
(7)
(5,322)
(9)
(102)
(5,686)
(1,316)
(407)
(57)
(677)
(6)
(49)
1,422
Notes
1 As at 28 February 2014 with comparatives at 28 February 2013.
2
Intra-group liabilities of £94m (2012/13: £252m) have been eliminated on consolidation in preparing the Tesco PLC consolidated financial statements. Net assets
of Tesco Bank are £1,357m (2012/13: £1,198m) including the intra-group liabilities and ATM commission.
The above is not a primary statement, nor a note to the financial statements and does not form part of the Group Balance Sheet. It is supplementary information to aid
understanding of our non retail business.
Tesco PLC Annual Report and Financial Statements 2014
133
Other informationGovernanceFinancial statementsStrategic report
Supplementary information (unaudited) continued
Group cash flow
Profit before tax1
ATM commission
Statutory profit before tax
Net finance costs
Share of post-tax profits of joint ventures and associates
Operating profit
Operating loss of discontinued operations
Depreciation, amortisation and net property, plant and equipment and
intangible assets impairment
(Profits)/losses arising on property-related items, including loss arising on
property-related items from discontinued operations
(Profit)/loss arising on sale of non property-related items
Loss arising on sale of subsidiaries and other investments
Impairment of goodwill
Impairment of other investments
Adjustment for non-cash element of pensions charges
Additional contribution into pension scheme
Share-based payments
Tesco Bank non-cash items included in profit before tax
Cash flow from operations excluding working capital
(Increase)/decrease in working capital
Cash generated from/(used in) operations
Interest paid
Corporation tax paid
Net cash generated from/(used in) operating activities
Purchase of property, plant and equipment, investment property and
intangible assets
Memo: Free cash flow
(Acquisition)/disposal of subsidiaries, net of cash acquired/(disposed)
Proceeds from sale of property, plant and equipment, investment property,
non-current assets classified as held for sale
Proceeds from sale of intangible assets
Proceeds from sale of joint ventures and associates
Investments and net decrease/(increase) in loans to joint ventures
and associates
Net (investments in)/proceeds from sale of short-term investments
Net (investments in)/proceeds from sale of other investments
Dividends received from joint ventures and associates
Interest received
Net cash (used in)/from investing activities
Proceeds from issue of ordinary share capital
Net increase/(repayment) of borrowings, including finance leases
Purchase of non-controlling interests
Dividends paid, including those to non-controlling interests
Own shares purchased
Net cash from/(used in) financing activities
2014
£m
2,139
(24)
2,115
432
(58)
2,489
(925)
2,198
(70)
(1)
1
540
42
11
(4)
46
–
4,327
280
4,607
(490)
(612)
3,505
Retail
2013
£m
1,967
(28)
1,939
388
(62)
2,265
(1,451)
2,142
449
4
35
575
–
(4)
(180)
54
–
3,889
(1)
3,888
(448)
(540)
2,900
(2,774)
(2,850)
731
(13)
568
2
–
42
(494)
(207)
47
121
(2,708)
62
1,183
–
(1,189)
–
56
50
(72)
1,351
–
68
(180)
721
–
51
85
(826)
57
(1,431)
(4)
(1,184)
–
(2,562)
Tesco Bank
Tesco Group
2013
£m
90
28
118
9
(10)
117
–
77
–
(4)
–
–
–
–
–
(1)
54
243
(258)
(15)
(9)
(39)
(63)
(137)
(200)
–
–
–
–
(21)
–
706
–
–
548
–
197
–
–
–
197
2014
£m
2,259
–
2,259
432
(60)
2,631
(925)
2,282
(70)
(1)
1
540
42
11
(4)
47
76
4,630
(314)
4,316
(496)
(635)
3,185
2013
£m
2,057
–
2,057
397
(72)
2,382
(1,451)
2,219
449
–
35
575
–
(4)
(180)
53
54
4,132
(259)
3,873
(457)
(579)
2,837
(2,881)
(2,987)
304
(13)
568
2
–
49
(494)
(268)
62
121
(2,854)
62
1,183
–
(1,189)
–
56
(150)
(72)
1,351
–
68
(201)
721
706
51
85
(278)
57
(1,234)
(4)
(1,184)
–
(2,365)
2014
£m
120
24
144
–
(2)
142
–
84
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
1
76
303
(594)
(291)
(6)
(23)
(320)
(107)
(427)
–
–
–
–
7
–
(61)
15
–
(146)
–
–
–
–
–
–
Intra-Group funding and intercompany transactions
104
207
(104)
(207)
–
–
Net increase/(decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of the period
Effect of foreign exchange rate changes
Cash and cash equivalents at the end of the period
Less cash held in disposal group2
Cash and cash equivalents not held in disposal group
957
1,476
(105)
2,328
(307)
2,021
(281)
1,731
26
1,476
(19)
1,457
(570)
1,055
–
485
–
485
475
580
–
1,055
–
1,055
387
2,531
(105)
2,813
(307)
2,506
194
2,311
26
2,531
(19)
2,512
Notes
1 Tesco Bank profit before tax is per Tesco Bank Income Statement.
2 This relates to the cash held within our discontinued operations reported within assets of the disposal group.
The above is not a primary statement, nor a note to the financial statements. It does not replace the Group Cash Flow but is supplementary information to aid understanding.
134
Tesco PLC Annual Report and Financial Statements 2014
Retail cash flow
Operating profit
Depreciation and amortisation and net impairment of property,
plant and equipment and intangible assets
(Profits)/losses arising on property-related items
(Profit)/loss arising on sale of non property-related items
Loss arising on sale of subsidiaries and other investments
Impairment of goodwill
Impairment of other investments
Adjustment for non-cash element of pensions charge
Additional contribution into pension scheme
Share-based payments
Cash flow from operations excluding working capital
Decrease/(increase) in working capital
Cash generated from operations
Interest paid
Corporation tax paid
Net cash generated from operating activities
Continuing operations
Discontinued operations
2014
£m
2,489
2,156
(232)
(1)
1
–
42
11
(4)
41
4,503
243
4,746
(475)
(594)
3,677
2013
£m
2,265
1,465
161
4
–
495
–
(4)
(180)
56
4,262
(253)
4,009
(421)
(521)
3,067
2014
£m
(925)
42
162
–
–
540
–
–
–
5
(176)
37
(139)
(15)
(18)
(172)
(274)
(446)
2013
£m
(1,451)
677
288
–
35
80
–
–
–
(2)
(373)
252
(121)
(27)
(19)
(167)
(291)
(458)
2014
£m
1,564
2,198
(70)
(1)
1
540
42
11
(4)
46
4,327
280
4,607
(490)
(612)
3,505
Retail
2013
£m
814
2,142
449
4
35
575
–
(4)
(180)
54
3,889
(1)
3,888
(448)
(540)
2,900
(2,774)
(2,850)
731
50
Purchase of property, plant and equipment, investment property
and intangible assets
Memo: Free cash flow
(2,500)
(2,559)
1,177
508
The above is not a primary statement, nor a note to the financial statements. It does not replace the Group Cash Flow but is supplementary information to aid understanding.
Tesco PLC Annual Report and Financial Statements 2014
135
Other informationGovernanceFinancial statementsStrategic report
Supplementary information (unaudited) continued
UK sales performance (inc. VAT, exc. IFRIC 13)
Existing stores
Net new stores
Total
Inc. Petrol
Exc. Petrol
First Half
2013/14
26 wks to
24/08/13
%
(0.9)
2.0
1.1
Second Half
2013/14
26 wks to
22/02/14
%
(3.1)
1.9
(1.2)
Full Year
2013/14
52 wks to
22/02/14
%
(2.0)
1.9
(0.1)
Full Year
2012/13
52 wks to
23/02/13
%
(1.0)
2.8
1.8
First Half
2013/14
26 wks to
24/08/13
%
(0.5)
2.2
1.7
Second Half
2013/14
26 wks to
22/02/14
%
(2.2)
2.1
(0.1)
Full Year
2013/14
52 wks to
22/02/14
%
(1.3)
2.1
0.8
Full Year
2012/13
52 wks to
23/02/13
%
(0.3)
2.9
2.6
UK quarterly like-for-like sales growth (exc. Petrol, exc. VAT, exc. IFRIC 13)
h
t
w
o
r
g
%
1.0
0.5
0.0
(0.5)
(1.0)
(1.5)
(2.0)
(2.5)
(3.0)
(3.5)
Q1 11/12
Q2 11/12
Q3 11/12
Q4 11/12
Q1 12/13
Q2 12/13
Q3 12/13
Q4 12/13
Q1 13/14
Q2 13/14
Q3 13/14
Q4 13/14
UK sales area by size of store
Tesco store size
sq ft
0-3,000
3,001-20,000
20,001-40,000
40,001-60,000
60,001-80,000
80,001-100,000
Over 100,000
Dotcom only
Over 60,000
Other
One Stop (inc. Franchise)
Dobbies
Total (inc. Franchise)
February 2014
February 2013
No. of stores
1,648
319
300
170
117
45
9
2,608
6
730
34
3,378
Million sq ft
3.9
4.0
8.9
9.0
7.4
4.1
1.0
38.3
% of total sq ft
10.2%
10.5%
23.4%
23.5%
19.3%
10.6%
2.5%
100.0%
0.7
1.2
1.6
41.8
No. of stores
1,527
313
299
165
113
43
10
2,470
5
639
32
3,146
Million sq ft
3.6
4.0
8.9
8.7
7.1
3.9
1.1
37.4
% of total sq ft
9.7%
10.6%
23.9%
23.3%
19.1%
10.5%
2.9%
100.0%
0.6
1.0
1.5
40.5
136
Tesco PLC Annual Report and Financial Statements 2014
International sales performance (inc. Petrol, exc. IFRIC 13)
Sales growth (inc. VAT)
Revenue (exc. VAT)
Continuing operations
Constant rates
Actual rates
Like–for–like
%
Net new
stores
%
Total
%
Total
%
–
–
(4)
(5)
(6)
3
29
25
(4)
(7)
1
(1)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(1)
(4)
–
(6)
(1)
n/a
n/a
2
6
4
5
9
13
(2)
–
1
5
(2)
1
4
5
3
7
4
13
–
3
n/a
n/a
2
6
–
–
3
16
27
25
(3)
(2)
(1)
–
1
1
(2)
6
–
13
(6)
2
n/a
n/a
(1)
5
3
(1)
3
16
16
11
(4)
(10)
–
(9)
4
(5)
2
(1)
(9)
8
(2)
(5)
n/a
n/a
In local
currency
m
4,675
4,591
9,420,754
9,421,714
188,348
183,470
6,407
4,884
40,316
42,009
563,741
569,648
11,209
11,150
1,340
1,371
2,112
2,123
2,694
2,850
25
9
Average
exchange
rate
Closing
exchange
rate
5.021
4.900
1,721
1,774
49.10
49.03
94.22
85.68
31.06
30.98
353.0
354.7
4.962
5.124
1.182
1.231
3.110
2.850
1.182
1.231
1.182
1.231
5.509
4.733
1,792
1,656
54.38
45.57
103.9
82.84
33.26
29.38
376.9
337.7
5.047
4.797
1.215
1.154
3.644
2.736
1.215
1.154
1.215
1.154
£m
931
937
5,474
5,311
3,836
3,742
68
57
1,298
1,356
1,597
1,606
2,259
2,176
1,134
1,114
679
745
2,279
2,315
21
7
Malaysia
South Korea
Thailand
India
Czech Republic
Hungary1
Poland
Slovakia
Turkey
Republic of Ireland
Franchising2
Discontinued operations
China
TY
LY
TY
LY
TY
LY
TY
LY
TY
LY
TY
LY
TY
LY
TY
LY
TY
LY
TY
LY
TY
LY
TY
LY
(4)
(1)
5
7
1
6
5
9
14,502
14,307
1,504
1,431
9.642
10.00
10.18
9.526
Notes
1
Following the introduction of legislation preventing large retailers from selling tobacco in mid-July 2013, Hungary like-for-like growth is shown on an excluding
tobacco basis.
2 Wholesale sales to F&F franchisees.
Tesco PLC Annual Report and Financial Statements 2014
137
Other informationGovernanceFinancial statementsStrategic report
Supplementary information (unaudited) continued
Group space summary
Number of stores
UK (exc. Franchise)
Asia2
Europe
International (exc. Franchise)
Group (exc. Franchise) 3
Franchise
Group (inc. Franchise)3
Memo:
China
Space – ‘000 sq ft
UK (exc. Franchise)
Asia2
Europe
International (exc. Franchise)
Group (exc. Franchise)3
Franchise
Group (inc. Franchise)3
Memo:
China
2013
year end
3,146
1,911
1,365
3,276
6,422
231
6,653
2014
year end
3,370
2,219
1,374
3,593
6,963
342
7,305
Net gain1
224
308
9
317
541
111
652
131
134
3
2013
year end
40,495
31,280
33,936
65,216
105,711
329
106,040
2014
year end
41,813
33,197
34,067
67,264
109,077
495
109,572
Net gain
1,318
1,917
131
2,048
3,366
166
3,532
Openings
H1
78
149
20
169
247
43
290
5
Openings
H1
549
721
282
1,003
1,552
46
1,598
H2
125
172
28
200
325
85
410
2
Acquisitions
33
–
–
–
33
–
33
Closures/
Disposals
(12)
(14)
(39)
(53)
(65)
(16)
(81)
Repurposing/
Extensions
2
50
91
141
143
15
158
–
(4)
–
H2
884
1,172
310
1,482
2,366
148
2,514
Acquisitions
58
–
–
–
58
–
58
Closures/
Disposals
(132)
(31)
(251)
(282)
(414)
(20)
(434)
Repurposing/
Extensions
(41)
55
(210)
(155)
(196)
(8)
(204)
10,196
10,546
350
394
176
–
(220)
–
Notes
1 Extensions/Repurposed stores are not included in the net gain for ‘number of stores’, since they are expansions/reductions in the space of existing stores.
2 China is excluded from Asia’s store and space numbers.
3 China is excluded from Group store and space numbers.
138
Tesco PLC Annual Report and Financial Statements 2014
UK space summary
Number of stores
Extra
Homeplus
Superstore
Metro
Express
Dotcom only
Total Tesco (exc. Franchise)
One Stop
Dobbies
Total UK (exc. Franchise)
Franchise – One Stop
Total UK (inc. Franchise)
Space – ‘000 sq ft
Extra
Homeplus
Superstore
Metro
Express
Dotcom only
Total Tesco (exc. Franchise)
One Stop
Dobbies
Total UK (exc. Franchise)
Franchise – One Stop
Total UK (inc. Franchise)
2013
year end
238
12
481
192
1,547
5
2,475
639
32
3,146
–
3,146
2013
year end
17,051
523
14,053
2,145
3,588
604
37,964
991
1,540
40,495
–
40,495
2014
year end
247
12
482
195
1,672
6
2,614
722
34
3,370
8
3,378
2014
year end
17,610
523
14,110
2,191
3,883
716
39,033
1,142
1,638
41,813
10
41,823
Net gain1
9
–
1
3
125
1
139
83
2
224
8
232
Net gain
559
–
57
46
295
112
1,069
151
98
1,318
10
1,328
Openings
H1
4
–
3
1
54
–
62
16
–
78
–
78
Openings
H1
295
–
92
9
125
–
521
28
–
549
–
549
H2
5
–
2
5
74
1
87
36
2
125
8
133
H2
305
–
60
61
178
112
716
70
98
884
10
894
Acquisitions
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
33
–
33
–
33
Acquisitions
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
58
–
58
–
58
Closures/
Disposals
–
–
(4)
(3)
(3)
–
(10)
(2)
–
(12)
–
(12)
Repurposing/
Extensions
2
–
–
–
–
–
2
–
–
2
–
2
Closures/
Disposals
–
–
(95)
(24)
(8)
–
(127)
(5)
–
(132)
–
(132)
Repurposing/
Extensions
(41)
–
–
–
–
–
(41)
–
–
(41)
–
(41)
Note
1 Extensions/Repurposed stores are not included in the net gain for ‘number of stores’, since they are expansions/reductions in the space of existing stores.
For a list of UK store openings, information can be found within the Analyst pack on our website at www.tescoplc.com.
Tesco PLC Annual Report and Financial Statements 2014
139
Other informationGovernanceFinancial statementsStrategic report
Supplementary information (unaudited) continued
Asia space summary
Number of stores
Malaysia
Thailand
South Korea
Hypermarket
Other
Hypermarket
Other
Hypermarket
Other
Hypermarket
Other
Total Asia (exc. Franchise) Total
Franchise
Total Asia (inc. Franchise) Total
South Korea
Total Asia
2013
year end
47
–
133
298
149
1,284
329
1,582
1,911
89
2,000
2014
year end
49
–
139
294
160
1,577
348
1,871
2,219
198
2,417
Net gain1
2
–
6
(4)
11
293
19
289
308
109
417
Memo:
China
Hypermarket
Other
117
14
119
15
2
1
Space – ‘000 sq ft
Malaysia
Thailand
South Korea
Hypermarket
Other
Hypermarket
Other
Hypermarket
Other
Hypermarket
Other
Total Asia (exc. Franchise) Total
Franchise
Total Asia (inc. Franchise) Total
South Korea
Total Asia
2013
year end
3,918
–
12,108
934
10,709
3,611
26,735
4,545
31,280
188
31,468
2014
year end
4,029
–
12,662
921
11,324
4,261
28,015
5,182
33,197
356
33,553
Net gain
111
–
554
(13)
615
650
1,280
637
1,917
168
2,085
Memo:
China
Hypermarket
Other
10,165
31
10,490
56
325
25
Openings
H1
–
–
3
3
3
140
6
143
149
42
191
3
2
Openings
H1
–
–
280
7
142
292
422
299
721
45
766
366
28
H2
2
–
3
3
8
156
13
159
172
77
249
2
–
H2
111
–
274
7
405
375
790
382
1,172
137
1,309
175
1
Acquisitions
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Closures/
Disposals
–
–
–
(11)
–
(3)
–
(14)
(14)
(9)
(23)
Repurposing /
Extensions
–
–
–
1
5
44
5
45
50
(1)
49
–
–
(3)
(1)
–
–
Acquisitions
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Closures/
Disposals
–
–
–
(28)
–
(3)
–
(31)
(31)
(13)
(44)
Repurposing /
Extensions
–
–
–
1
68
(14)
68
(13)
55
(1)
54
–
–
(216)
(4)
–
–
Note
1
Extensions/Repurposed stores are not included in the net gain for ‘number of stores’, since they are expansions/reductions in the space of existing stores. South Korea and
Franchise totals include one store conversion that is therefore included in the net gain for ‘number of stores’.
140
Tesco PLC Annual Report and Financial Statements 2014
Europe space summary
Number of stores
Czech Republic
Hungary
Poland
Slovakia
Turkey
Republic of Ireland
Total Europe
Hypermarket
Other
Hypermarket
Other
Hypermarket
Other
Hypermarket
Other
Hypermarket
Other
Hypermarket
Other
Hypermarket
Other
Total
Czech Republic
Total Europe (exc. Franchise)
Franchise
Total Europe (inc. Franchise) Total
Space – ‘000 sq ft
Poland
Slovakia
Hungary
Czech Republic
Hypermarket
Other
Hypermarket
Other
Hypermarket
Other
Hypermarket
Other
Hypermarket
Other
Hypermarket
Other
Hypermarket
Other
Total Europe (exc. Franchise) Total
Republic of Ireland
Total Europe
Turkey
2013
year end
86
148
118
98
82
364
62
74
56
135
13
129
417
948
1,365
142
1,507
2013
year end
4,627
1,324
6,753
576
5,737
3,689
2,960
862
3,351
602
821
2,634
24,249
9,687
33,936
2014
year end
86
125
118
102
86
369
63
87
56
136
14
132
423
951
1,374
136
1,510
2014
year end
4,474
1,230
6,704
584
5,958
3,756
2,980
920
3,335
649
880
2,597
24,331
9,736
34,067
Franchise
Czech
Republic
141
129
Total Europe (inc. Franchise) Total
34,077
34,196
Net gain1
–
(23)
–
4
4
5
1
13
–
1
1
3
6
3
9
(6)
3
Net gain
(153)
(94)
(49)
8
221
67
20
58
(16)
47
59
(37)
82
49
131
(12)
119
Openings
H1
–
–
–
2
3
2
–
7
–
6
–
–
3
17
20
1
21
Openings
H1
–
–
–
4
177
27
–
28
–
46
–
–
177
105
282
1
283
H2
–
1
–
2
1
6
1
6
1
3
1
6
4
24
28
–
28
H2
–
3
–
4
44
63
20
30
39
20
59
28
162
148
310
–
310
Acquisitions
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Acquisitions
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Closures/
Disposals
–
(24)
–
–
–
(3)
–
–
(1)
(8)
–
(3)
(1)
(38)
(39)
(7)
(46)
Closures/
Disposals
–
(88)
–
–
–
(23)
–
–
(55)
(19)
–
(66)
(55)
(196)
(251)
(6)
(257)
Repurposing /
Extensions
5
84
1
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
1
6
85
91
16
107
Repurposing /
Extensions
(153)
(9)
(49)
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
1
(202)
(8)
(210)
(7)
(217)
Note
1 Extensions/Repurposed stores are not included in the net gain for ‘number of stores’, since they are expansions/reductions in the space of existing stores.
Tesco PLC Annual Report and Financial Statements 2014
141
Other informationGovernanceFinancial statementsStrategic report
Supplementary information (unaudited) continued
Earnings per share
Earnings
Profit before tax
Underlying profit before tax
Tax on profit3
Tax on underlying profit3
Minority interest
Basic earnings
Underlying earnings
TY ERT %
15.36%
15.36%
LY ERT %
25.72%
17.44%
Shares
Shares in issue at start of year
SAYE and Executive Share Option Schemes
Shares issued and own shares purchased
Less: weighted average shares in trust
Basic weighted average number of shares
Weighted average number of options
Average option price
Average share price
Dilutory number of shares
Diluted weighted average number of shares
Basic earnings per share – continuing operations
Diluted earnings per share – continuing operations
Underlying basic earnings per share – continuing operations
Underlying diluted earnings per share – continuing operations
Underlying diluted earnings per share – continuing operations
(constant tax)
A
B
C
[A x (C-B)/C]
Million
Million
Million
Million
Million
Million
Pence
Pence
Million
Million
Pence
Pence
Pence
Pence
Pence
Continuing operations1
20142
£m
2,259
3,054
(347)
(469)
4
1,916
2,589
8,054
8
15
(9)
8,068
121
321
349
10
8,078
23.75
23.72
32.09
32.05
31.27
20132
£m
2,057
3,280
(529)
(572)
4
1,532
2,712
8,032
7
3
(9)
8,033
76
311
328
4
8,037
19.07
19.06
33.76
33.74
33.74
Notes
1 Continuing operations excludes China, the US and Japan as discontinued operations.
2
For the UK and the Republic of Ireland the results are for the 52 weeks ended 22 February 2014 (prior financial year 52 weeks ended 23 February 2013). For all other
operations the results are for the financial year ended 28 February 2014 (prior financial year ended 28 February 2013).
Effective rate of tax on profit before tax for 2012/13 has been restated on a continuing operations basis.
3
The above is not a note to the financial statements. It does not replace Note 9 Earnings per share and diluted earnings per share but is supplementary information to
aid understanding.
142
Tesco PLC Annual Report and Financial Statements 2014
Financial calendar
Financial year end 2013/14
Final ex-dividend date
Final dividend record date
Q1 Interim Management Statement
Annual General Meeting
Final dividend payment date
Half-year end 2014/15
Interim Results
Q3 Interim Management Statement
Financial year end 2014/15
Please note that these dates are provisional and subject to change.
The 2014/15 financial year will comprise of 53 weeks.
Glossary
22 February 2014
30 April 2014
2 May 2014
4 June 2014
27 June 2014
4 July 2014
23 August 2014
1 October 2014
3 December 2014
28 February 2015
Adjusted net debt
Net debt plus the deficit in the pension schemes plus the present value of
future minimum rentals payable under non-cancellable operating leases
(discounted at 7%).
Capex % of sales
Capital expenditure as defined below, divided by Group sales including
VAT and excluding IFRIC 13.
Capital expenditure
The additions to property, plant and equipment, investment property and
intangible assets (excluding assets acquired under business combinations).
Colleagues being trained for their next role
The proportion of colleagues who are receiving training for their next role.
Colleague retention
The proportion of colleagues with over one year’s service who have worked
for Tesco in the UK throughout the year.
Constant tax rate
Using the prior year’s effective tax rate.
Donation of pre-tax profits to charities and good causes
Our contribution to charities and good causes through direct donations,
cause-related marketing, gifts-in-kind, staff time and management costs.
EBITDAR
Operating profit before depreciation, amortisation, rent and movements
in impairments of property, plant and equipment, investment property and
intangible assets.
Fixed charge cover
The ratio of EBITDAR (excluding Tesco Bank EBITDAR) divided by financing
costs (net interest including capitalised interest and excluding IAS 32 and 39
impacts and pension finance costs) plus operating lease expenses.
Gearing
Net debt divided by total equity.
Net debt
Net debt excludes the net debt of Tesco Bank but includes that of the
discontinued operations. Net debt comprises bank and other borrowings,
finance lease payables, net derivative financial instruments, joint venture
loans and other receivables and net interest receivables/payables, offset by
cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments.
Reduction in CO2e emissions from existing stores and distribution centres
The year-on-year reduction in greenhouse gas emissions per square foot from
our stores and distribution centres across the Group against a 2006/07 baseline.
Return on capital employed
Return divided by the average of opening and closing capital employed.
Return: Profit (excluding the impact of one-off property and customer
redress charges) before interest after tax (applied at the effective rate of tax).
Capital employed: Net assets (excluding the impact of current year one-off
property and customer redress charges) plus net debt plus dividend creditor
less net assets held for resale and discontinued operations.
Return on capital employed (proforma)
In the year, a proforma return on capital employed has been presented as
defined below:
Return divided by the average of opening and closing capital employed.
Return: Profit (excluding the impact of one-off property and customer
redress charges) before interest after tax (applied at the effective rate of tax)
including Chinese operations (excluding fair value re-measurement
adjustments), excluding US operations.
Capital employed: Net assets (excluding the impact of current year one-off
property and customer redress charges) plus net debt plus dividend creditor
less net assets held for resale, including Chinese operations (excluding fair
value re-measurement adjustments), excluding US operations.
Total shareholder return
The notional annualised return from a share, measured as the percentage
change in the share price, plus the dividends paid with the gross dividends
reinvested in Tesco shares. This is measured over both a one and five-year
period. For example, five-year total shareholder return for 2013/14 is the
annualised growth in the share price from 2008/09 and dividends paid and
reinvested in Tesco shares, as a percentage of the 2008/09 share price.
Trading profit
Trading profit is an adjusted measure of operating profit and measures the
performance of each segment before profits/losses arising on property-related
items, the impact on leases of annual uplifts in rent and rent-free periods,
intangible asset amortisation charges and costs arising from acquisitions, and
goodwill impairment and restructuring and other one-off costs. The IAS 19
pension charge is replaced with the ‘normal’ cash contributions for pensions.
An adjustment is also made for the fair value of customer loyalty awards.
Net indebtedness
The ratio of adjusted net debt divided by EBITDAR (excluding Tesco Bank
EBITDAR) from continuing operations.
Underlying diluted earnings per share
Underlying profit less tax at the effective tax rate and minority interest divided
by the diluted weighted average number of shares in issue during the year.
Partner viewpoint
The partner viewpoint survey is our annual survey of suppliers. In this report
we have stated the percentage of positive scores from respondents when we
asked whether Tesco treats them with respect.
Underlying profit before tax
Underlying profit before tax excludes the impact of non-cash elements of IAS
17, 19, 32 and 39 (principally the impact of annual uplifts in rents and rent-free
periods, pension costs, and the marking to market of financial instruments);
the amortisation charge on intangible assets arising on acquisition and
acquisition costs, and the non-cash impact of IFRIC 13. It also excludes profits/
losses on property-related items and restructuring and other one-off costs.
Tesco PLC Annual Report and Financial Statements 2014
143
Other informationGovernanceFinancial statementsStrategic report
Five-year record
Financial statistics (£m)
Sales including VAT excluding IFRIC 13
Revenue excluding IFRIC 13
UK
Europe
Asia
US
Tesco Bank
Group revenue excluding IFRIC 13
Trading profit
UK
Europe
Asia
US
Tesco Bank
Group trading profit
Operating profit4
Operating profit margin4
Share of post-tax profits of joint ventures and associates
Net finance costs
Profit before tax
Taxation
Profit for the year from continuing operations
Discontinued operations
Profit for the period
Attributable to:
Owners of the parent
Non-controlling interests
Underlying profit before tax – continuing operations5
Other financial statistics
Diluted earnings per share – continuing operations
Underlying diluted earnings per share – continuing operations
Dividend per share6
Return on capital employed (‘ROCE’)7
Total shareholder return8
Net debt (£m)
Enterprise value (£m)11
Group retail statistics
Number of stores
Total sales area – 000 sq ft13
Average employees
Average full-time equivalent employees
UK retail statistics
Number of stores
Total sales area – 000 sq ft13
Average full-time equivalent employees
Revenue per employee – £16
Weekly sales per sq ft – £17
1
2010
20113
20122
20131
20141
62,537
67,074
71,402
70,712
70,894
39,104
8,724
8,465
349
860
57,502
2,413
474
440
(165)
250
3,412
3,457
6.0%
33
(314)
3,176
(840)
2,336
–
2,336
2,327
9
3,39518
29.19p
31.66p
13.05p
12.1%
9.5%
7,929
41,442
40,766
9,192
9,802
495
919
61,174
2,504
527
605
(186)
264
3,714
3,917
6.4%
57
(333)
3,641
(864)
2,777
(106)
2,671
2,655
16
3,85318
34.25p
36.26p
14.46p
12.9%9
6.7%
6,790
39,462
4,83614
95,23115
472,094
366,413
5,26512
103,17212
488,347
382,049
2,507
34,237
196,604
198,897
25.22
2,715
36,722
200,966
202,850
24.95
42,803
9,866
10,828
–
1,044
64,541
2,478
529
737
–
225
3,969
4,182
6.5%
91
(235)
4,038
(874)
3,164
(350)
2,814
2,806
8
4,14918
39.23p
40.31p
14.76p
14.7%10
(3.0)%
6,838
32,324
6,049
110,563
514,615
401,791
2,979
39,082
205,852
207,931
24.86
43,582
9,319
10,045
–
1,021
63,967
2,272
329
733
–
191
3,525
2,382
3.7%
72
(397)
2,057
(529)
1,528
(1,504)
24
28
(4)
3,280
19.06p
33.74p
14.76p
14.5%19
2.1%
6,597
36,578
6,653
106,040
506,856
388,375
3,146
40,495
213,304
204,319
24.15
43,570
9,267
10,309
–
1,003
64,149
2,191
238
692
–
194
3,315
2,631
4.1%
60
(432)
2,259
(347)
1,912
(942)
970
974
(4)
3,054
23.72p
32.05p
14.76p
13.6%19
3.7%
6,597
33,597
7,305
109,572
510,444
391,868
3,378
41,823
217,158
200,637
23.33
2
3
4
5
6
7
During the financial year, the Group decided to sell its operations in China. Accordingly, these operations have been treated as discontinued in 2014.
The 2013 values have been re-presented to be consistent with 2014 and they have also been represented to account for the impact of IAS 19. Prior years have not been
re-presented.
Excludes Japan and the US.
Excludes Japan.
Operating profit includes restructuring costs and profit arising on sale of fixed assets. Operating margin is based upon revenue excluding IFRIC 13.
See glossary for definitions.
Dividend per share relating to the interim and proposed final dividend.
Return on capital employed is profit before interest and tax less tax at the effective rate of tax divided by the calculated average of opening and closing net assets plus net
debt plus dividend creditor less net assets held for resale.
See glossary for definitions. Measured over a 5 year period.
Includes Japan and the US.
8
9
10 Includes the US.
11 Market capitalisation plus net debt.
12 Includes franchise stores but excludes Japan.
13 Store sizes exclude lobby and restaurant areas.
14 Restated to include Dobbies stores.
15 Restated to include Dobbies stores and account for a space restatement of 109,000 sq ft driven by a comprehensive remeasurement of One Stop stores.
16 Based on average number of full-time equivalent employees in the UK and revenue excluding IFRIC 13.
17 Based on weighted average sales area and average weekly sales, excluding Dobbies stores.
18 Includes Profits/Losses on property-related items.
19 Excludes China.
144
Tesco PLC Annual Report and Financial Statements 2014