The Andersons
Annual Report 2019

Plain-text annual report

UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION Washington, D.C. 20549 FORM 10-K ☒ ☐ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019 or TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the transition period from to . Commission file number: 000-20557 THE ANDERSONS, INC. (Exact name of the registrant as specified in its charter) Ohio (State of incorporation or organization) 1947 Briarfield Boulevard Maumee Ohio (Address of principal executive offices) 34-1562374 (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) 43537 (Zip Code) (419) 893-5050 (Telephone Number) Title of each class: Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: Trading Symbol Name of each exchange on which registered: Common stock, $0.00 par value, $0.01 stated value ANDE Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☒ No ☐ Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Act. Yes ☐ No ☒ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐ Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. Large accelerated filer Non-accelerated filer ☒ Accelerated Filer ☐ Smaller reporting company Emerging growth company ☐ ☐ ☐ If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒ The aggregate market value of the registrant's voting stock which may be voted by persons other than affiliates of the registrant was $837.0 million as of June 30, 2019, computed by reference to the last sales price for such stock on that date as reported on the Nasdaq Global Select Market. The registrant had approximately 32.8 million common shares outstanding, no par value, at February 14, 2020. ☐ Portions of the Proxy Statement for the Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be held on May 8, 2020, are incorporated by reference into Part III (Items 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14) of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The Proxy Statement will be filed with the Commission within 120 days after the end of the fiscal year to which this report relates. DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE THE ANDERSONS, INC. Table of Contents PART I. Item 1. Business Item 1A. Risk Factors Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments Item 2. Properties Item 3. Legal Proceedings Item 4. Mine Safety PART II. Item 5. Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities Item 6. Selected Financial Data Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure Item 9A. Controls and Procedures Item 9B. Other Information PART III. Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance Item 11. Executive Compensation Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence Item 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services PART IV. Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules Item 16. Form 10-K Summary Signatures 2 Page No. 3 7 13 13 15 15 16 19 20 31 32 91 91 93 93 93 93 93 93 94 97 99 Item 1. Business Company Overview Part I. The Andersons, Inc. (the "Company") is a diversified company rooted in agriculture. Founded in Maumee, Ohio in 1947, the Company conducts business across North America in the trade, ethanol, plant nutrient and rail sectors. Segment Descriptions The Company's operations are classified into four reportable business segments: Trade, Ethanol, Plant Nutrient, and Rail. Each of these segments is organized based upon the nature of products and services offered. See Note 13 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 for information regarding business segments. Trade Group The Trade Group (formerly the Grain Group), through the completion of the Lansing Trade Group ("LTG") acquisition in the current year, has evolved into a diversified business focusing on logistics and merchandising across a wide range of commodities. The group specializes in the movement of physical commodities such as whole grains, grain products, feed ingredients, frac sand, domestic fuel products, and other agricultural commodities. The business also operates grain elevators across the U.S. and Canada where income is earned on commodities bought and sold through the elevator, commodities that are purchased and conditioned for resale, and commodities that are held in inventory until a future period, earning space income. Space income consists of appreciation or depreciation in the basis value of commodities held and represents the difference between the cash price of a commodity in one of the Company's facilities and an exchange traded futures price (“basis”); appreciation or depreciation between the future exchange contract months (“spread”); and commodities stored for others upon which storage fees are earned. The Trade Group business also offers a number of unique grain marketing, risk management and corn origination services to its customers and affiliated ethanol facilities for which it collects fees. Sales are negotiated by the Company's merchandising staff as commodity prices are not predetermined. As previously mentioned the Trade group has diversified the physical commodities that are sold, however, the principal commodities sold by the Company are corn, wheat and soybeans which are consistent with the prior year. Approximately 72% of commodity sales by the Company in 2019 were purchased by U.S. grain processors and feeders, and approximately 28% were exported. Most of the Company's exported commodity sales are made through intermediaries while some commodities are shipped directly to foreign countries, mainly Canada. The Company ships grain from its facilities by rail, truck, or boat. Rail shipments are made primarily to grain processors and feeders with some rail shipments made to exporters on the Gulf of Mexico or east coast. Boat shipments are from the Port of Toledo or the Port of Houston. In addition, commodities are transported via truck for direct ship transactions in which producers sell grain to the Company, but delivered directly to the end user. The Company's trade operations rely principally on forward purchase contracts with producers, dealers and commercial elevators to ensure an adequate supply of commodities to the Company's facilities throughout the year. The Company makes commodity purchases at prices referenced to regulated commodity exchanges. The Company competes in the sale of commodities with other public and private grain brokers, elevator operators and farmer owned cooperative elevators. Some of the Company's competitors are also its customers. Competition is based primarily on price, service and reliability. Because the Company generally buys in smaller lots, its competition for the purchase of grain is generally local or regional in scope, although there are some large national and international companies that maintain regional grain purchase and storage facilities. Significant portions of grain bushels purchased and sold are made using forward contracts. The grain handling business is seasonal in nature in that the largest portion of the principal grains are harvested and delivered from the farm and commercial elevators typically in July for wheat and September through November for corn and beans, although a significant portion of the principal grains are bought, sold and handled throughout the year. 3 Fixed price purchase and sale commitments as well as commodities held in inventory expose the Company to risks related to adverse changes in market prices. Grain prices are typically comprised of two components, futures prices on regulated commodity exchanges and local basis adjustments. The Company manages the futures price risk by entering into exchange-traded futures and option contracts with regulated commodity exchanges. The contracts are economic hedges of price risk but are not designated or accounted for as hedging instruments. These regulated commodity exchanges maintain futures markets for the grains merchandised by the Company. Futures prices are determined by worldwide supply and demand. The Company's grain risk management practices are designed to reduce the risk of changing commodity prices. In that regard, such practices also limit potential gains from further changes in market prices. The Company has policies that provide key controls over its risk management practices. These policies include a description of the objectives of the programs and review of daily position limits by key management outside of the trading function along with other internal controls. The Company monitors current market conditions and may expand or reduce the purchasing program in response to changes in those conditions. In addition, the Company monitors its counterparties on a regular basis for credit worthiness, defaults and non-delivery. Purchases of commodities can be made the day the product is delivered to a terminal or via a forward contract made prior to actual delivery. Sales of commodities generally are made by contract for delivery in a future period. When the Company purchases commodities at a fixed price or at a price where a component of the purchase price is fixed via reference to a futures price on a regulated commodity exchange, it also enters into an offsetting sale of a futures contract on the regulated commodity exchange. Similarly, when the Company sells commodities at a fixed price, the sale is offset with the purchase of a futures contract on the regulated commodity exchange. At the close of business each day, inventory and open purchase and sale contracts as well as open futures and option positions are marked-to-market. Gains and losses in the value of the Company's ownership positions due to changing market prices are netted with, and substantially offset in the statement of operations by, losses and gains in the value of the Company's futures positions. When a futures contract is entered into, an initial margin deposit must be sent to the regulated commodity exchange. The amount of the margin deposit is set by the regulated commodity exchange and varies by commodity. If the market price of a futures contract moves in a direction that is adverse to the Company's position, an additional margin deposit, called a maintenance margin, is required by regulated commodity exchanges. Subsequent price changes could require additional maintenance margin deposits or result in the return of maintenance margin deposits by the regulated commodity exchange. Significant increases in market prices, such as those that occur when grain supplies are affected by unfavorable weather conditions and/or when increases in demand occur, can have an effect on the Company's liquidity and, as a result, require it to maintain appropriate short-term lines of credit. The Company may utilize regulated commodity exchange option contracts to limit its exposure to potential required margin deposits in the event of a rapidly rising market. The Company has a lease and marketing agreement with Cargill, Incorporated for Cargill's Maumee and Toledo, Ohio grain handling and storage facilities. As part of the agreement, Cargill holds certain marketing rights to grain in the Cargill-owned facilities as well as the adjacent Company-owned facilities in Maumee and Toledo. The marketing agreement contains a profit-sharing provision whereby cumulative earnings generated from the grain facilities are contractually shared. As of December 31, 2019, the lease of the Cargill-owned facilities covers approximately 4%, or 8.8 million bushels, of the Company's total storage space. Ethanol Group The Ethanol Group produces, purchases and sells ethanol, offers facility operations, risk management, and ethanol and corn oil marketing services to the ethanol plants it invests in and operates. Through the first nine months of 2019 the Ethanol Group held ownership interests in three limited liability companies (“the ethanol LLCs” or “LLCs”), each of which owned an ethanol plant that was operated by the Company's Ethanol Group. On October 1, 2019, the Ethanol Group entered into an agreement to merge the LLCs and the Company's wholly-owned subsidiary, The Andersons Denison Ethanol LLC into a new legal entity, The Andersons Marathon Holdings LLC ("TAMH"). As a result of the merger, the Company and Marathon Petroleum Corporation ("Marathon") own 50.1% and 49.9% of TAMH equity, respectively. The transaction resulted in the consolidation of TAMH’s results in the Company's financial statements effective October 1, 2019. Prior to October 1, 2019 the results of the Ethanol LLCs were accounted for under the equity method of accounting. The four ethanol plants within TAMH are located in Iowa, Indiana, Michigan, and Ohio. These plants have a combined nameplate capacity of 405 million gallons of ethanol. 4 The Company also owns 51% of ELEMENT, LLC ("ELEMENT") and ICM, Inc. ("ICM") owns the remaining 49% interest. In the current year ELEMENT completed the construction of a 70 million-gallon-per-year bio-refinery which began limited production in the third quarter of 2019. ICM operates the facility under a management contract and managed the initial construction of the facility, while the Company provides corn origination, ethanol marketing, and risk management services. The Company fully consolidates ELEMENT's results in the Company's financial statements. Plant Nutrient Group The Plant Nutrient Group is a leading manufacturer, distributor and retailer of agricultural and related plant nutrients, corncob-based products, and pelleted lime and gypsum products in the U.S. Corn Belt and Puerto Rico. The group provides warehousing, packaging and manufacturing services to basic nutrient producers and other distributors. The group also manufactures and distributes a variety of industrial products throughout the U.S. and Puerto Rico including nitrogen reagents for air pollution control systems used in coal-fired power plants, and water treatment and dust abatement products. In its plant nutrient businesses, the Company competes with regional and local cooperatives, wholesalers and retailers, predominantly publicly owned manufacturers and privately-owned retailers, wholesalers and importers. Some of these competitors are also suppliers and have considerably larger resources than the Company. Competition in the nutrient business is based largely on depth of product offering, price, location and service. Sales and warehouse shipments of agricultural nutrients are heaviest in the spring and fall. Wholesale Nutrients - The Wholesale Nutrients business manufactures, stores, and distributes dry and liquid agricultural nutrients, and pelleted lime and gypsum products annually. The major nutrient products sold by the business principally contain nitrogen, phosphate, potassium and sulfur. Product lines include primary nutrients which are typically bought and sold as commodities and specialty products which support more sustainable farming practices and command higher margins. The distribution and sales channels for both types of nutrients are shared within the Wholesale Nutrients business. Farm Centers - The Farm Centers offer a variety of essential crop nutrients, crop protection chemicals and seed products in addition to application and agronomic services to commercial and family farmers. Soil and tissue sampling along with global satellite assisted services provide for pinpointing crop or soil deficiencies and prescriptive agronomic advice is provided to farmers. Cob Products - Corncob-based products are manufactured for a variety of uses including laboratory animal bedding and private-label cat litter, as well as absorbents, blast cleaners, carriers and polishers. The products are distributed throughout the United States and Canada and into Europe and Asia. The principal sources for corncobs are seed corn producers. Lawn Products - Proprietary professional lawn care products are produced for the golf course and professional turf care markets, serving both U.S. and international customers. These products are sold both directly and through distributors to golf courses and lawn service applicators. The Company also performs contract manufacturing services to sell fertilizer and control products to various markets. Rail Group The Company's Rail Group leases, repairs, and sells various types of railcars, locomotives and barges. In addition, the Rail Group offers fleet management services to private railcar owners. The Company has a diversified fleet of car types (boxcars, gondolas, covered and open top hopper cars, tank cars and pressure differential cars), locomotives and barges serving a broad customer base. The Company operates in both the new and used car markets, allowing the Company to diversify its fleet both in terms of car types, industries and age of cars, as well as repairing and refurbishing used cars for specific markets and customers. A significant portion of the railcars, locomotives and barges managed by the Company are included on the balance sheet as long-lived assets. The others are either included as operating leases (with the Company leasing assets from financial intermediaries and leasing those same assets to the end-users) or non- recourse arrangements (in which the Company is not subject to any lease arrangement related to the assets but provides management services to the owner of the assets). The Company generally holds purchase options on most assets owned by financial intermediaries. We are under contract to provide maintenance services for many of the Rail Group assets that we own or manage. Refer to the Properties section within Item 2 of Management's Discussion and Analysis for a breakdown of our railcar, locomotive and barge positions at December 31, 2019. 5 In the case of the Company's leased Rail Group assets, the Company's risk management philosophy is to match-fund the lease commitments where possible. Match-funding (in relation to lease transactions) means matching the terms of the financial intermediary funding arrangement with the lease terms of the customer in which the Company is both lessee and sublessor. If the Company is unable to match-fund, it will attempt to negotiate an early buyout provision within the funding arrangement to match the underlying customer lease. The Company does not attempt to match-fund lease commitments for Rail Group assets that are on its balance sheet. Competition for marketing and fleet maintenance services is based primarily on price, service ability, and access to both used equipment and third-party financing. Repair facility competition is based primarily on price, quality and location. Other The Company's “Other” activities include corporate income, a small corporate venture fund and expense and cost for functions that provide support and services to the operating segments. The results include expenses and benefits not allocated to the operating segments, including a portion of our ERP project. The results of our former retail business, which was closed in 2017, are also included in "Other" activities. Employees The Andersons offers a broad range of full-time and part-time career opportunities. Each position in the Company is important to its success, and the Company recognizes the worth and dignity of every individual. The Company strives to treat each person with respect and utilize his or her unique talents. At December 31, 2019, the Company had 2,247 full-time and 73 part-time or seasonal employees. Government Regulation Grain sold by the Company must conform to official grade standards imposed under a federal system of grain grading and inspection administered by the United States Department of Agriculture (“USDA”). The production levels, markets and prices of the grains that the Company merchandises are affected by United States government programs, which include acreage control and price support programs of the USDA. In regard to our investments in ethanol production facilities, the U.S. government has mandated a ten percent blend for motor fuel gasoline sold. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) has developed bioterrorism prevention regulations for food facilities, which require that the Company registers its grain operations with the FDA, provide prior notice of any imports of food or other agricultural commodities coming into the United States and maintain records to be made available upon request that identifies the immediate previous sources and immediate subsequent recipients of its grain commodities. The Company, like other companies engaged in similar businesses, is subject to a multitude of federal, state and local environmental protection laws and regulations including, but not limited to, laws and regulations relating to air quality, water quality, pesticides and hazardous materials. The provisions of these various regulations could require modifications of certain of the Company's existing facilities and could restrict the expansion of future facilities or significantly increase the cost of their operations. Compliance with environmental laws and regulations did not materially affect the Company's earnings or competitive position in 2019. 6 Available Information The Company’s Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to reports filed pursuant to Sections 13(a) and 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), are filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). The Company is subject to the informational requirements of the Exchange Act and files or furnishes reports, proxy statements and other information with the SEC. Such reports and other information filed by the Company with the SEC are available free of charge at https://theandersonsinc.gcs- web.com/financial-information/sec-filings when such reports are available on the SEC’s website. The SEC maintains an Internet site that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC at www.sec.gov. The Company periodically provides other information for investors on its corporate website, www.andersonsinc.com, and its investor relations website, www.theandersonsinc.gcs- web.com. This includes press releases and other information about financial performance, information on corporate governance and details related to the Company’s annual meeting of shareholders. The information contained on the websites referenced in this Form 10-K is not incorporated by reference into this filing. Further, the Company’s references to website URLs are intended to be inactive textual references only. Item 1A. Risk Factors The Company's operations are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those discussed in this Form 10-K and could have a material adverse impact on our financial results. These risks can be impacted by factors beyond our control as well as by errors and omissions on our part. The following risk factors should be read carefully in connection with evaluating our business and the forward-looking statements contained elsewhere in this Form 10-K. Certain of our business segments are affected by the supply and demand of commodities and are sensitive to factors outside of our control. Adverse price movements could negatively affect our profitability and results of operations. Our Trade, Ethanol and Plant Nutrient businesses buy, sell and hold inventories of agricultural input and output commodities, some of which are readily traded on commodity futures exchanges. Unfavorable weather conditions, both local and worldwide, as well as other factors beyond our control, can affect the supply and demand of these commodities and expose us to liquidity pressures to finance hedges in the commodity business in rapidly rising markets. In our Plant Nutrient business, changes in the supply and demand of these commodities can also affect the value of inventories that we hold, as well as the price of raw materials as we are unable to effectively hedge these commodities. Increased costs of inventory and prices of raw material would decrease our profit margins and adversely affect our results of operations. Corn - The principal raw material used to produce ethanol and co-products is corn. As a result, an increase in the price of corn in the absence of a corresponding increase in petroleum-based fuel prices will typically decrease ethanol margins thus adversely affecting financial results in the Ethanol Group. At certain levels, corn prices may make ethanol uneconomical to produce for fuel markets. The price of corn is influenced by weather conditions and other factors affecting crop yields, shifts in acreage allocated to corn versus other major crops and general economic and regulatory factors. These factors include government policies and subsidies with respect to agriculture and international trade, and global and local demand and supply. The significance and relative effect of these factors on the price of corn is difficult to predict. Any event that tends to negatively affect the supply of corn, such as adverse weather or crop disease, could increase corn prices and adversely impact income. In addition, we may also have difficulty, from time to time, in physically sourcing corn on economical terms due to supply shortages. High costs or shortages could require us to suspend ethanol operations until corn is available on economical terms, which would have an adverse effect on operating results. Commodities - While we attempt to manage the risk associated with agricultural commodity price changes for our commodity inventory positions with derivative instruments, including purchase and sale contracts, we are unable to offset 100% of the price risk of each transaction due to timing, availability of futures and options contracts and third-party credit risk. Furthermore, there is a risk that the derivatives we employ will not be effective in offsetting all of the risks that we are trying to manage. This can happen when the derivative and the underlying value of grain inventories and purchase and sale contracts are not perfectly matched. Our commodity derivatives, for example, do not perfectly correlate with the basis component of our commodity inventory and contracts. (Basis is defined as the difference between the local cash price of a commodity and the corresponding exchange-traded futures price.) Differences can reflect time periods, locations or product forms. Although the basis component is smaller and generally less volatile than the futures component of our grain market price, basis moves on a large commodity position can significantly impact the profitability of the Trade business. 7 Our futures, options and over-the-counter contracts are subject to margin calls. If there are large movements in the commodities market, we could be required to post significant levels of margin deposits, which would impact our liquidity. There is no assurance that the efforts we have taken to mitigate the impact of the volatility of the prices of commodities upon which we rely will be successful and any sudden change in the price of these commodities could have an adverse effect on our business and results of operations. Natural gas - We rely on third parties for our supply of natural gas, which is consumed in the drying of wet grain, manufacturing of certain lawn products, pelleted lime and gypsum, and manufacturing of ethanol. The prices for and availability of natural gas are subject to market conditions. These market conditions often are affected by factors beyond our control such as higher prices resulting from colder than average weather and overall economic conditions. Significant disruptions in the supply of natural gas could impair the operations of the ethanol facilities. Furthermore, increases in natural gas prices or changes in our natural gas costs relative to natural gas costs paid by competitors may adversely affect future results of operations and financial position. Gasoline and oil - We market ethanol as a fuel additive to reduce vehicle emissions from gasoline, as an octane enhancer to improve the octane rating of gasoline with which it is blended and as a substitute for petroleum-based gasoline. As a result, ethanol prices will be influenced by the supply and demand for gasoline and oil and our future results of operations and financial position may be adversely affected if gasoline and oil demand or price changes. Frac Sand - In our Trade business we own a frac sand processing, logistics, and transloading operation. Frac sand is a proppant used in the completion and re- completion of natural gas and oil wells through hydraulic fracturing. Frac sand is the most commonly used proppant and is less expensive than ceramic proppant, which is also used in hydraulic fracturing to stimulate and maintain oil and natural gas production. A significant shift in demand from frac sand to other proppants, such as ceramic proppants, could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations. The development and use of other effective alternative proppants, or the development of new processes to replace hydraulic fracturing altogether, could also cause a decline in demand for the frac sand we process and transload and could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations. Potash, phosphate and nitrogen - Raw materials used by the Plant Nutrient business include potash, phosphate and nitrogen, for which prices can be volatile and are driven by global and local supply and demand factors. Significant increases in the price of these commodities may result in lower customer demand and higher than optimal inventory levels. In contrast, reductions in the price of these commodities may create lower of cost or net realizable value adjustments to inventories. Some of our business segments operate in highly regulated industries. Changes in government regulations or trade association policies could adversely affect our results of operations. Many of our business segments are subject to government regulation and regulation by certain private sector associations, compliance with which can impose significant costs on our business. Other regulations are applicable generally to all our businesses and corporate functions, including, without limitation, those promulgated under the Internal Revenue Code, the Affordable Care Act, the Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA) and other employment and health care related laws, federal and state securities laws, and the US Patriot Act. Failure to comply with such regulations can result in additional costs, fines or criminal action. A significant part of our operations is regulated by environmental laws and regulations, including those governing the labeling, use, storage, discharge and disposal of hazardous materials. Because we use and handle hazardous substances in our businesses, changes in environmental requirements or an unanticipated significant adverse environmental event could have an adverse effect on our business. We cannot assure that we have been, or will at all times be, in compliance with all environmental requirements, or that we will not incur costs or liabilities in connection with these requirements. Private parties, including current and former employees, could bring personal injury or other claims against us due to the presence of, or exposure to, hazardous substances used, stored or disposed of by us, or contained in our products. We are also exposed to residual risk because some of the facilities and land which we have acquired may have environmental liabilities arising from their prior use. In addition, changes to environmental regulations may require us to modify our existing plant and processing facilities which could significantly increase the cost of those operations. 8 Trade and Ethanol businesses - In our Trade and Ethanol businesses, agricultural production and trade flows can be affected by government programs and legislation. Production levels, markets and prices of the commodities we merchandise can be affected by U.S. government programs, which include acreage controls and price support programs administered by the USDA and required levels of ethanol in gasoline through the Renewable Fuel Standards as administered by the EPA. Other examples of government policies that can have an impact on our business include tariffs, taxes, duties, subsidies, import and export restrictions, outright embargoes and price controls on agricultural commodities. Because a portion of our commodity sales are to exporters, the imposition of export restrictions and other foreign countries' regulations could limit our sales opportunities and create additional credit risk associated with export brokers if shipments are rejected at their destination. International trade disputes can adversely affect agricultural commodity trade flows by limiting or disrupting trade between countries or regions. Trade disputes can lead to the implementing of tariffs on commodities in which we merchandise or otherwise use in our operations. This can lead to significant volatility in commodity prices, disruptions in historical trade flows and shifts in planting patterns in the Company's geographic footprint, which would present challenges and uncertainties for our business. The imposition of new tariffs or uncertainty around future tariff levels can cause significant fluctuations in the futures and basis levels of agricultural commodities, impacting our earnings. We cannot predict the effects that future trade policy or the terms of any negotiated trade agreements and their impact on our business. Plant Nutrient - Our Plant Nutrient business manufactures certain agricultural nutrients and uses potentially hazardous materials. All products containing pesticides, fungicides and herbicides must be registered with the EPA and state regulatory bodies before they can be sold. The inability to obtain or the cancellation of such registrations could have an adverse impact on our business. In the past, regulations governing the use and registration of these materials have required us to adjust the raw material content of our products and make formulation changes. Future regulatory changes may have similar consequences. Regulatory agencies, such as the EPA, may at any time reassess the safety of our products based on new scientific knowledge or other factors. If it were determined that any of our products were no longer considered to be safe, it could result in the amendment or withdrawal of existing approvals, which, in turn, could result in a loss of revenue, cause our inventory to become obsolete or give rise to potential lawsuits against us. Consequently, changes in existing and future government or trade association polices may restrict our ability to do business and cause our financial results to suffer. Rail - Our Rail business is subject to regulation by the American Association of Railroads and the Federal Railroad Administration. These agencies regulate rail operations with respect to health and safety matters. New regulatory rulings could negatively impact financial results through higher maintenance costs or reduced economic value of railcar assets. The Rail business is also subject to risks associated with the demands and restrictions of the Class I railroads, a group of rail companies owning a high percentage of the existing rail lines. These companies exercise a high degree of control over whether private railcars can be allowed on their lines and may reject certain railcars or require maintenance or improvements to the railcars. This presents risk and uncertainty for our Rail business and it can increase maintenance costs. In addition, a shift in the railroads' strategy to investing in new rail cars and improvements to existing railcars, instead of investing in locomotives and infrastructure, could adversely impact our business by causing increased competition and creating an oversupply of railcars. Our rail fleet consists of a range of railcar types (boxcars, gondolas, covered and open top hoppers, tank cars and pressure differential cars) and locomotives. However, a large concentration of a particular type of railcar could expose us to risk if demand were to decrease for that railcar type. Failure on our part to identify and assess risks and uncertainties such as these could negatively impact our business. Demand for rail cars closely follows general economic activity and may be adversely affected by recession and general economic or sector related slowdowns. 9 We are required to carry significant amounts of inventory across all of our businesses. If a substantial portion of our inventory becomes damaged or obsolete, its value would decrease, and our profit margins would suffer. We are exposed to the risk of a decrease in the value of our inventories due to a variety of circumstances in all of our businesses. For example, within our Trade and Ethanol businesses, there is the risk that the quality of our inventory could deteriorate due to damage, moisture, insects, disease or foreign material. If the quality of our inventory were to deteriorate below an acceptable level, the value of our inventory could decrease significantly. In our Plant Nutrient business, planted acreage, and consequently the volume of fertilizer and crop protection products applied, is partially dependent upon government programs and the producer's perception of demand. Technological advances in agriculture, such as genetically engineered seeds that resist disease and insects, or that meet certain nutritional requirements, could also affect the demand for our crop nutrients and crop protection products. Either of these factors could render some of our inventory obsolete or reduce its value. Within our rail repair business, major design improvements to loading, unloading and transporting of certain products can render existing (especially old) equipment obsolete. Our substantial indebtedness could negatively affect our financial condition, decrease our liquidity and impair our ability to operate the business. If cash on hand is insufficient to pay our obligations or margin calls as they come due at a time when we are unable to draw on our credit facility, it could have an adverse effect on our ability to conduct our business. Our ability to make payments on and to refinance our indebtedness will depend on our ability to generate cash in the future. Our ability to generate cash is dependent on various factors. These factors include general economic, financial, competitive, legislative, regulatory and other factors that are beyond our control. Certain of our long-term borrowings include provisions that require minimum levels of working capital and equity and impose limitations on additional debt. Our ability to satisfy these provisions can be affected by events beyond our control, such as the demand for and the fluctuating price of commodities. Although we are and have been in compliance with these provisions, noncompliance could result in default and acceleration of long-term debt payments. We face increasing competition and pricing pressure from other companies in our industries. If we are unable to compete effectively with these companies, our sales and profit margins would decrease, and our earnings and cash flows would be adversely affected. The markets for our products in each of our business segments are highly competitive. While we have substantial operations in our region, some of our competitors are significantly larger, compete in wider markets, have greater purchasing power, and have considerably larger financial resources. We also may enter into new markets where our brand is not recognized and in which we do not have an established customer base. Competitive pressures in all of our businesses could affect the price of, and customer demand for, our products, thereby negatively impacting our profit margins and resulting in a loss of market share. Our Trade and Ethanol businesses use derivative contracts to reduce volatility in the commodity markets. Non-performance by the counter-parties to those contracts could adversely affect our future results of operations and financial position. A significant amount of purchases and sales within the Trade and Ethanol segment are made through forward contracting. In addition, the Company uses exchange traded and, to a lesser degree, over-the-counter contracts to reduce volatility in changing commodity prices. A significant adverse change in commodity prices could cause a counter-party to one or more of our derivative contracts to not perform on its obligation. Adverse weather conditions, including as a result of climate change, may adversely affect the availability, quality and price of agricultural commodities and agricultural commodity products, as well as our operations and operating results. Adverse weather conditions have historically caused volatility in the agricultural commodity industry and consequently in our operating results by causing crop failures or significantly reduced harvests, which may affect the supply and pricing of the agricultural commodities that we sell and use in our business, reduce demand for our fertilizer products and negatively affect the creditworthiness of agricultural producers who do business with us. A significant portion of the Company's assets are exposed to conditions in the Eastern Corn Belt. In this region, adverse weather during the fertilizer application, planting, and harvest seasons can have negative impacts on our Trade, Ethanol and Plant Nutrient businesses. Higher basis levels or adverse crop conditions in the Eastern Corn Belt can increase the input costs or lower the market value of our products relative to other market participants that do not have the same geographic concentration. 10 Additionally, the potential physical impacts of climate change are uncertain and may vary by region. These potential effects could include changes in rainfall patterns, water shortages, changing sea levels, changing storm patterns and intensities, and changing temperature levels that could adversely impact our costs and business operations, the location, costs and competitiveness of agricultural commodity production and related storage and processing facilities and the supply and demand for agricultural commodities. These effects could be material to our results of operations, liquidity or capital resources. We rely on a limited number of suppliers for certain of our raw materials and other products and the loss of one or several of these suppliers could increase our costs and have a material adverse effect on any one of our business segments. We rely on a limited number of suppliers for certain of our raw materials and other products. If we were unable to obtain these raw materials and products from our current vendors, or if there were significant increases in our supplier's prices, it could significantly increase our costs and reduce our profit margins. We are subject to global and regional economic downturns and related risks. The level of demand for our products is affected by global and regional demographic and macroeconomic conditions, including population growth rates and changes in standards of living. A significant downturn in global economic growth, or recessionary conditions in major geographic regions, may lead to reduced demand for agricultural commodities and food products, which could adversely affect our business and results of operations. The pace of economic improvement is uncertain, and there can be no assurance that economic and political conditions will not continue to affect market and consumer confidence or deteriorate further in the near term. Additionally, a slowdown in China's economy over a prolonged period could lead to reduced global demand for agricultural commodities. For example, in December 2019, a novel strain of coronavirus surfaced in Wuhan, China. Although cases have been confirmed in other countries, the outbreak has been largely concentrated in China where certain businesses have suspended or terminated operations, a portion of the population has been subject to self-imposed or mandatory quarantines and economic activity has slowed. To the extent that such economic and political conditions negatively impact consumer and business confidence and consumption patterns or volumes, our business and results of operations could be significantly and adversely affected. The Company may not be able to effectively integrate businesses it acquires. We continuously look for opportunities to enhance our existing businesses through strategic acquisitions. The process of integrating an acquired business into our existing business and operations may result in unforeseen operating difficulties and expenditures as well as require a significant amount of management resources. There is also the risk that our due diligence efforts may not uncover significant business flaws or hidden liabilities. In addition, we may not realize the anticipated benefits of an acquisition and they may not generate the anticipated financial results. Additional risks may include the inability to effectively integrate the operations, products, technologies and personnel of the acquired companies. The inability to maintain uniform standards, controls, procedures and policies would also negatively impact operations. If our goodwill or amortizable intangible assets become impaired, then we could be required to record a significant charge to earnings. GAAP requires us to test for goodwill impairment at least annually. In addition, we review our goodwill and amortizable intangible assets for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value may not be recoverable. Factors that may be considered a change in circumstances indicating that the carrying value of our goodwill or amortizable intangible assets may not be recoverable include prolonged declines in stock price, market capitalization or cash flows, and slower growth rates in our industry. Depending on the results of our review, we could be required to record a significant charge to earnings in our consolidated financial statements during the period in which any impairment of our goodwill or amortizable intangible assets were determined, negatively impacting our results of operations. 11 Our business involves considerable safety risks. Significant unexpected costs and liabilities would have an adverse effect on our profitability and overall financial position. Due to the nature of some of the businesses in which we operate, we are exposed to significant operational hazards such as grain dust explosions, fires, malfunction of equipment, abnormal pressures, blowouts, pipeline and tank ruptures, chemical spills or run-off, transportation accidents and natural disasters. Some of these operational hazards may cause personal injury or loss of life, severe damage to or destruction of property and equipment or environmental damage and may result in suspension of operations and the imposition of civil or criminal penalties. If grain dust were to explode at one of our elevators, if an ethanol plant were to explode or catch fire, or if one of our pieces of equipment were to fail or malfunction due to an accident or improper maintenance, it could put our employees and others at serious risk. The Company's information technology systems may impose limitations or failures, or may face external threats, which may affect the Company's ability to conduct its business. The Company's information technology systems, some of which are dependent on services provided by third parties, provide critical data connectivity, information and services for internal and external users. These interactions include, but are not limited to, ordering and managing materials from suppliers, converting raw materials to finished products, inventory management, shipping products to customers, processing transactions, summarizing and reporting results of operations, complying with regulatory, legal or tax requirements, human resources and other processes necessary to manage the business. The Company has put in place business continuity plans for its critical systems. However, if the Company's information technology systems are damaged, or cease to function properly due to any number of causes, such as catastrophic events or power outages, and the Company's business continuity plans do not allow it to effectively recover on a timely basis, the Company may suffer interruptions in the ability to manage its operations, which may adversely impact the Company's operating results. Our security measures may also be breached due to employee error, malfeasance, or otherwise. In addition, although the systems continue to be refreshed periodically, portions of the infrastructure are outdated and may not be adequate to support new business processes, accounting for new transactions, or implementation of new accounting standards if requirements are complex or materially different than what is currently in place. Additionally, outside parties may attempt to destroy critical information, or fraudulently induce employees, third-party service providers, or users to disclose sensitive information to gain access to our data or our users' data. As a response, the Company requires user names and passwords to access its information technology systems. The Company also uses encryption and authentication technologies designed to secure the transmission and storage of data and prevent access to Company and user data or accounts. The Company also conducts annual tests and assessments using independent third parties. As with all companies, these security measures are subject to third-party security breaches, employee error, malfeasance, faulty password management, or other irregularities. We cannot assure our ability to prevent, repel or mitigate the effects of such an attack by outside parties. The Company also relies on third parties to maintain and process certain information which could be subject to breach or unauthorized access to Company or employee information. Any such breach or unauthorized access could result in an inability to perform critical functions, significant legal and financial exposure, damage to our reputation, and a loss of confidence in the security of our services that could potentially have an adverse effect on our business. The Company's design and implementation of its Enterprise Resource Planning system could face significant difficulties. The Company is designing and implementing Enterprise Resource Planning ("ERP") systems, requiring significant capital and human resources to deploy. There is risk of such implementations being more expensive and taking longer to fully implement than originally planned, resulting in increased capital investment, higher fees and expenses of third parties, delayed deployment scheduling, and more on-going maintenance expense once implemented, and, as such, the ultimate costs and schedules are not yet known. If for any reason portions of the implementation are not successful, the Company could be required to expense rather than capitalize related amounts. Beyond cost and scheduling, potential flaws in the implementation of an ERP system may pose risks to the Company's ability to operate successfully and efficiently. These risks include, without limitation, inefficient use of employees, distractions to the Company's core businesses, adverse customer reactions, loss of key information, delays in decision making, as well as unforeseen additional costs due to the inability to integrate vital information processes. 12 Unauthorized disclosure of sensitive or confidential customer information could harm the Company's business and standing with our customers. The protection of our customer, employee and Company data is critical to us. The Company relies on commercially available systems, software, tools and monitoring to provide security for processing, transmission and storage of confidential customer information, such as payment card and personal information. The Company also conducts annual tests and assessments using independent third parties. Despite the security measures the Company has in place, its facilities and systems, and those of its third-party service providers, may be vulnerable to security breaches, acts of vandalism, computer viruses, misplaced or lost data, programming or human errors, or other similar events. Any security breach involving the misappropriation, loss or other unauthorized disclosure of confidential information, whether by the Company or its vendors, could damage our reputation, expose us to risk of litigation and liability, disrupt our operations and harm our business. A change in tax laws or regulations of any federal, state or international jurisdiction in which we operate could increase our tax burden and otherwise adversely affect our financial position, results of operations, cash flows and liquidity. We continue to assess the impact of various U.S. federal, state, local and international legislative proposals that could result in a material increase to our U.S. federal, state, local and/or international taxes. We cannot predict whether any specific legislation will be enacted or the terms of any such legislation. However, if such proposals were to be enacted, or if modifications were to be made to certain existing regulations, the consequences could have a material adverse impact on us, including increasing our tax burden, increasing our cost of tax compliance or otherwise adversely affecting our financial position, results of operations, cash flows and liquidity. Changes in applicable U.S. or foreign tax laws and regulations, or their interpretation and application, including the possibility of retroactive effect, could affect our tax expense and profitability as they did in 2017 upon passage of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act. Such impact may also be affected positively or negatively by subsequent potential judicial interpretation or related regulation or legislation which cannot be predicted with certainty. Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments The Company has no unresolved staff comments. 13 Item 2. Properties The Company's principal agriculture, rail, and other properties are described below. The Company believes that its properties are adequate for its business, well maintained and utilized, suitable for their intended uses and adequately insured. Agriculture and Ethanol Facilities (in thousands) Location Canada Colorado Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Michigan Minnesota Nebraska New York Ohio Puerto Rico Tennessee Texas Wisconsin Ethanol Nameplate Capacity (gallons) Trade Plant Nutrient Grain Storage (bushels) Dry Fertilizer Storage Liquid Fertilizer Storage (tons) (tons) — — — — 110,000 55,000 70,000 — — 130,000 — — — 110,000 — — — — 22,256 1,586 16,655 16,164 22,494 — — 1,410 24,948 28,710 1,717 18,714 1,390 41,912 — 2,506 6,152 — 475,000 206,614 — — — 56 145 — — — — 70 — — — 188 — — — 27 486 — — — 11 143 70 — — — 47 47 45 — 64 10 — — 78 515 The grain facilities are mostly concrete and steel tanks, with some flat storage buildings. The Company also owns grain inspection buildings and dryers, maintenance buildings and truck scales and dumps. Approximately 80% of the total storage capacity noted above, which includes temporary pile storage, is owned, while the remaining 20% of the total capacity is leased from third parties. The Plant Nutrient Group's wholesale nutrient and farm center properties consist mainly of fertilizer warehouse and formulation and packaging facilities for dry and liquid fertilizers. The Company owns approximately 99% of the dry and liquid storage capacity noted above. The Company owns lawn fertilizer production facilities in Maumee, Ohio; Bowling Green, Ohio; Montgomery, Alabama; and Mocksville, North Carolina. The Company leases a 245,000 square foot distribution center and 159,000 square feet of a lawn fertilizer warehouse facility in Maumee, Ohio. 14 Rail Equipment Equipment Covered Hoppers Tanks Gondolas Open-top Hoppers Boxcars Pressure Differential Covered Hoppers Flat Cars Other Locomotives Number of Units Percentage of Fleet 15,822 4,713 1,094 1,022 947 724 514 25 23 24,884 63.6% 18.9% 4.4% 4.1% 3.8% 2.9% 2.1% 0.1% 0.1% 100% The Company’s revenue-generating equipment, either owned or long-term leased, consists of freight cars and locomotives as described below. Covered hoppers - Have a permanent roof and are segregated based upon commodity density. Lighter bulk commodities such as grain, fertilizer, flour, salt, plastics, DDGs and lime are shipped in medium, large and jumbo covered hoppers. Heavier commodities like cement, fly ash, ground limestone and industrial sand are shipped in small cube covered hoppers. Tanks - Transports liquid and gaseous commodities. Gondolas - Supports metals markets, coal, aggregates and stone, and provides transport for woodchips and other bulk commodities. Open-top hoppers - Transports heavy dry bulk commodities such as coal, coke, stone, sand, ores and gravel that are resistant to weather conditions. Boxcars - Includes a variety of tonnages, sizes, door configurations and heights to accommodate a wide range of finished products, including building materials, metal products, minerals, cement and food products. PD hoppers - Transports cement, fertilizers, flour, grain products, clay and sand that utilize a pressure differential (PD) system on the hopper cars that assists with unloading of the commodities from either side of the car. Flat cars - Used for shipping bulk and finished goods, such as lumber, steel, pipe, plywood, drywall and pulpwood. Other cars - Primarily leased refrigerator cars and barges. Locomotives - Primarily to pull trains. The Company operates 26 railcar repair facilities throughout the country. Item 3. Legal Proceedings The Company is currently subject to various claims and suits arising in the ordinary course of business, which include environmental issues, employment claims, contractual disputes, and defensive counterclaims. The Company accrues liabilities in which litigation losses are deemed probable and estimable. The Company believes it is unlikely that the results of its current legal proceedings, even if unfavorable, will be materially different from what it currently has accrued. There can be no assurance, however, that any claims or suits arising in the future, whether taken individually or in the aggregate, will not have a material adverse effect on our financial condition or results of operations. 15 Item 4. Mine Safety We are committed to protecting the occupational health and well-being of each of our employees. Safety is one of our core values, and we strive to ensure that safe production is the first priority for all employees. Our internal objective is to achieve zero injuries and incidents across the Company by focusing on proactively identifying needed prevention activities, establishing standards and evaluating performance to mitigate any potential loss to people, equipment, production and the environment. We have implemented intensive employee training that is geared toward maintaining a high level of awareness and knowledge of safety and health issues in the work environment through the development and coordination of requisite information, skills and attitudes. We believe that through these policies, we have developed an effective safety management system. Under the Dodd-Frank Act, each operator of a coal or other mine is required to include certain mine safety results within its periodic reports filed with the SEC. As required by the reporting requirements included in §1503(a) of the Dodd-Frank Act and Item 104 of Regulation S-K, the required mine safety results regarding certain mining safety and health matters for each of our mine locations that are covered under the scope of the Dodd-Frank Act are included in Exhibit 95 of Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules, and Reports on Form 8-K. Part II. Item 5. Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities The Common Shares of The Andersons, Inc. trade on the Nasdaq Global Select Market under the symbol “ANDE”. Shareholders At February 14, 2020, there were 1,098 shareholders of record and approximately 13,024 shareholders for whom security firms acted as nominees. Dividends The Company has declared and paid consecutive quarterly dividends since the end of 1996, its first year of trading on the Nasdaq market. Dividends paid from January 2018 to January 2020 are as follows: Payment Date 1/23/2018 4/23/2018 7/23/2018 10/22/2018 1/23/2019 4/22/2019 7/22/2019 10/22/2019 1/23/2020 Amount $0.165 $0.165 $0.165 $0.165 $0.170 $0.170 $0.170 $0.170 $0.175 While the Company's objective is to pay a quarterly cash dividend, dividends are subject to Board of Director approval. Equity Plans The following table gives information as of December 31, 2019 about the Company's Common Shares that may be issued upon the exercise of options under all of its existing equity compensation plans. 16 Equity Compensation Plan Information (a) Number of securities to be issued upon exercise of outstanding options, warrants and rights Weighted-average exercise price of outstanding options, warrants and rights Number of securities remaining available for future issuance under equity compensation plans (excluding securities reflected in column (a)) 1,091,137 (1) $ 37.45 2,751,131 (2) Plan category Equity compensation plans approved by security holders Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders (3) 467,002 (1) This number includes 325,000 Non-Qualified Stock Options (“Options”), 263,410 total shareholder return-based performance share units, 263,242 earnings per share-based performance share 34.87 48,323 units, and 239,485 restricted shares outstanding under The Andersons, Inc. 2019 Long-Term Performance Compensation Plan. This number does not include any shares related to the Employee Share Purchase Plan. The Employee Share Purchase Plan allows employees to purchase common shares at the lower of the market value on the beginning or end of the calendar year through payroll withholdings. These purchases are completed as of December 31. (2) This number includes 229,909 Common Shares available to be purchased under the Employee Share Purchase Plan and 2,521,222 shares available under equity compensation plans. (3) In connection with the Company’s acquisition of the interests in LTG the Company did not already own, the Company established the Lansing Acquisition 2018 Inducement and Retention Award Plan (the “Inducement Plan"). The Inducement Plan is to be used exclusively for the grant of equity awards to individuals who were not previously an employee or non-employee director of the Company (or following a bona fide period of non-employment), as an inducement material to each such individual entering into employment with the Company and to replace existing LTG equity awards. The Company issued 608,680 shares of restricted stock under the Inducement Plan in multiple grants during 2019. Approximately 130,000 shares vested as of June 30, 2019. The remaining shares have vesting dates of January 1, 2020, April 1, 2020, January 1, 2021, April 1, 2021 and January 1, 2022. All awards under the Inducement Plan are subject to each such employee’s continued employment with the Company on such vesting dates. Unvested shares of restricted stock are entitled to vote, entitled to dividends (provided that the actual payment of dividends is conditioned upon the vesting of the shares) and are not transferable. Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers Period Total Number of Shares Purchased (1) Average Price Paid Per Share Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs (2) Maximum Number of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs October 2019 November 2019 December 2019 Total — $ — 2,111 2,111 $ — — 24.01 24.01 — — — — — — — — (1) During the three months ended December 31, 2019, the Company acquired shares of common stock held by employees who tendered owned shares to satisfy tax withholding obligations. (2) No shares were purchased as part of publicly announced plans or programs. Sale of Unregistered Securities On January 2, 2019, in connection with the LTG acquisition, the Company issued 4.4 million shares of common stock as partial consideration to acquire the portion of LTG that the Company did not previously own. This represented approximately 38.9% of the total consideration paid by the Company. The Company relied on the exemption from registration provided by Regulation D and other applicable federal and state securities law exemptions. 17 Performance Graph The graph below compares the total shareholder return on the Company's Common Shares to the cumulative total return for the Nasdaq U.S. Index and a Peer Group Index. The indices reflect the year-end market value of an investment in the stock of each company in the index, including additional shares assumed to have been acquired with cash dividends, if any. The Peer Group Index, weighted for market capitalization, includes the following companies: Archer-Daniels-Midland Co. GATX Corp. Green Plains, Inc. Ingredion Incorporated Nutrien The Greenbrier Companies, Inc. The Scott's Miracle-Gro Company The graph assumes a $100 investment in The Andersons, Inc. Common Shares on December 31, 2014 and also assumes investments of $100 in each of the Nasdaq U.S. and Peer Group indices, respectively, on December 31 of the first year of the graph. The value of these investments as of the following calendar year-ends is shown in the table below the graph. Base Period December 31, 2014 Cumulative Returns 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 The Andersons, Inc. $ 100.00 $ 60.49 $ 87.04 $ 61.82 $ 60.51 $ NASDAQ U.S. Peer Group Index 100.00 100.00 106.96 69.52 116.45 88.21 150.96 91.49 146.67 82.70 52.52 200.49 93.85 18 Item 6. Selected Financial Data The following table sets forth selected consolidated financial data of the Company. The data for each of the five years in the period ended December 31, 2019 is derived from the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Company. The data presented below should be read in conjunction with “Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” included in Item 7, and the Consolidated Financial Statements and notes thereto included in Item 8. (in thousands, except for per share and ratios and other data) 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 Operating results Sales and merchandising revenues (a) $ 8,170,191 $ 3,045,382 $ 3,686,345 $ 3,924,790 $ 4,198,495 For the year ended December 31, Gross profit Equity in earnings of affiliates Other income, net (b) Net income (loss) Net income (loss) attributable to The Andersons, Inc. EBITDA (c) EBITDA attributable to The Andersons, Inc. (c) Financial position Total assets Working capital Long-term debt, recourse (d) Long-term debt, non-recourse (d) Total equity Cash flows / liquidity Cash flows from (used in) operations Depreciation and amortization Cash invested in acquisitions (e) Purchase of investments Investments in property, plant and equipment and capitalized software Net proceeds from (investment in) Rail Group assets (f) Per share data (g) Net income (loss) - basic Net income (loss) - diluted Dividends declared Year-end market value Ratios and other data 517,892 (7,359) 20,109 15,060 18,307 233,968 226,608 302,005 27,141 16,002 41,225 41,484 171,560 169,716 318,799 16,723 22,507 42,609 42,511 87,356 86,393 345,506 9,721 12,473 14,470 11,594 123,949 122,132 375,838 31,924 46,472 (11,322) (13,067) 85,219 83,402 3,900,741 2,392,003 2,162,354 2,232,849 2,359,101 505,423 693,831 331,024 1,195,655 348,562 146,166 (102,580) (1,490) (165,223) (87,164) 0.56 0.55 0.6850 25.28 189,848 349,834 146,353 876,764 (35,519) 90,297 (2,248) (1,086) (142,579) (87,566) 1.47 1.46 0.6650 29.89 260,495 418,339 258,350 397,065 — — 822,899 790,697 75,285 86,412 (3,507) (5,679) (34,602) (106,124) 1.51 1.50 0.6450 31.15 39,585 84,325 — (2,523) (77,740) (28,579) 0.41 0.41 0.6250 44.70 241,485 436,208 — 783,739 154,134 78,456 (128,549) (938) (72,469) (38,407) (0.46) (0.46) 0.5750 31.63 Net income (loss) attributable to The Andersons, Inc. return on beginning equity attributable to The Andersons, Inc. Funded long-term debt to equity ratio (h) Weighted average shares outstanding (000's) 2.2% 5.1% 5.5% 1.5% (1.6)% 0.8-to-1 32,570 0.6-to-1 28,258 0.5-to-1 28,126 0.5-to-1 28,193 0.6-to-1 28,288 46.4% 2.1 % Effective tax rate (a) Includes sales of $456.7 million in 2019, $625.2 million in 2018, $1,089.7 million in 2017, $854.6 million in 2016 and $872.1 million in 2015, pursuant to marketing and origination agreements between the Company and the unconsolidated ethanol LLCs, prior to the TAMH merger and consolidation of these entities in the fourth quarter of 2019. Sales amounts from 2019 are for the first nine months of the year, prior to the TAMH merger. In 2018, the adoption of ASC 606 led to a change in treatment of grain origination transactions that are now shown net versus gross. This change caused a decrease in revenue and an equal offsetting decrease to cost of sales. (b) Includes $23.1 million for the gain on dilution and partial share redemption of the LTG investment in 2015. (c) Earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization, or EBITDA and EBITDA attributable to The Andersons, Inc., are non-GAAP measures. The Company believes these EBITDA measures provide additional information to investors and others about its operations allowing an evaluation of underlying operating performance and period-to-period comparability. EBITDA and EBITDA attributable to The Andersons, Inc. is not and should not be considered as an alternative to net income as determined by generally accepted accounting principles. (d) Excludes current portion of long-term debt but includes finance lease amounts. (e) In 2015, the Company acquired 100% of the stock of Kay Flo Industries, Inc. In 2019, the Company acquired the remaining equity of Lansing Trade Group and Thompsons Limited and completed the TAMH merger. (f) Represents the net of purchases of Rail Group assets offset by proceeds on sales of Rail Group assets. 307.6% 32.3% 22.5% 19 (g) Earnings per share are calculated based on Income attributable to The Andersons, Inc. (h) Calculated by dividing long-term debt by total year-end equity as stated under “Financial position.” The following table sets forth our reconciliation of Net Income (Loss) to non-GAAP measures of EBITDA and EBITDA attributable to The Andersons, Inc. (in thousands) Net Income (Loss) Add: Provision (benefit) for income taxes Interest expense Depreciation and amortization EBITDA Less: For the years ended December 31, 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 $ 15,060 $ 41,225 $ 42,609 $ 14,470 $ (11,322) 13,051 59,691 146,166 233,968 11,931 27,848 90,297 171,301 (63,134) 21,567 86,412 87,454 98 — 77 886 6,911 21,119 84,325 126,825 (242) 20,072 78,456 86,964 2,876 1,745 — 929 888 — 929 888 Net income (loss) attributable to the noncontrolling interests (3,247) (259) Provision (benefit) for income taxes attributable to the noncontrolling interests Interest expense attributable to the noncontrolling interests Depreciation and amortization attributable to the noncontrolling interests 12 1,318 9,277 — 929 915 EBITDA attributable to The Andersons, Inc. $ 226,608 $ 169,716 $ 86,393 $ 122,132 $ 83,402 The Company uses earnings before taxes, interest, and depreciation and amortization (EBITDA) and EBITDA attributable to The Andersons, Inc., non- GAAP financial measure as defined by the Securities and Exchange Commission, to evaluate the Company’s financial performance. This performance measure is not defined by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States and should be considered in addition to, and not in lieu of, GAAP financial measures. Management believes that EBITDA and EBITDA attributable to The Andersons, Inc. are useful measures of the Company’s performance because it provides investors additional information about the Company's operations allowing better evaluation of underlying business performance and better period-to-period comparability. EBITDA and EBITDA attributable are not intended to replace or be alternatives to Net Income or Net Income attributable to The Andersons, Inc., the most directly comparable amounts reported under GAAP. Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations Forward Looking Statements The following “Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” contains forward-looking statements which relate to future events or future financial performance and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause actual results, levels of activity, performance or achievements to be materially different from those expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. The reader is urged to carefully consider these risks and factors, including those listed under Item 1A, “Risk Factors.” In some cases, the reader can identify forward-looking statements by terminology such as “may”, “anticipates”, “believes”, “estimates”, “predicts”, or the negative of these terms or other comparable terminology. These statements are only predictions. Actual events or results may differ materially. These forward-looking statements relate only to events as of the date on which the statements are made and the Company undertakes no obligation, other than any imposed by law, to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements. 20 Executive Overview Our operations are organized, managed and classified into four reportable business segments: Trade, Ethanol, Plant Nutrient, and Rail. Each of these segments is generally based on the nature of products and services offered. In January 2019, the Company completed the acquisition of 67.5% of LTG equity that it did not already own. The transaction also resulted in the consolidation of Thompsons Limited of Ontario, Canada and related entities, which LTG and the Company jointly owned. The presentation here includes a majority of the acquired business within the legacy Grain Group which has been renamed, Trade Group, with the remaining pieces of the acquired business included in Ethanol as stated in the segment footnote (Note 13). The agricultural commodity-based business is one in which changes in selling prices generally move in relationship to changes in purchase prices. Therefore, increases or decreases in prices of the commodities that the business deals in will have a relatively equal impact on sales and cost of sales and a much less significant impact on gross profit. As a result, changes in sales between periods may not necessarily be indicative of the overall performance of the business and more focus should be placed on changes in gross profit. Trade Group The Trade Group's performance reflects an increase in merchandising activity through the acquisition of LTG which helped to offset the weak storage income from the grain elevator component business as adverse weather conditions severely impacted the geographic footprint of the Company's grain storage business early in the year. The group also recorded several asset impairments in the current year, the largest of which related to the Company's frac sand business as the industry has faced significant challenges due to the market penetration of in-basin sand and a prolonged reduction in oil and natural gas prices. Total grain storage capacity, including temporary pile storage, was approximately 206.6 million bushels as of December 31, 2019 and 141.0 million bushels as of December 31, 2018. This increase in capacity is a result of the LTG acquisition. Commodity inventories on hand at December 31, 2019 were 152.8 million bushels, of which 6.4 million bushels were stored for others. This compares to 109.4 million bushels on hand at December 31, 2018, of which a de minimis amount were stored for others. The group will focus on growth of originations, risk management services and the food ingredient business while monitoring macroeconomic events which could cause more volatility in the market. Ethanol Group The Ethanol Group remained profitable for the full year despite a challenging margin environment and recorded a large one time gain as a result of the TAMH merger. The Ethanol Group's current year results reflect higher sales volumes of ethanol from the recently acquired ethanol trading business and the newly constructed ELEMENT facility which are now being included in the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements. As we move into 2020, the Ethanol Group expects continued margin headwinds from a current oversupply of ethanol and the high corn basis across the Eastern Corn Belt. Volumes shipped for the years ended December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 were as follows: (in thousands) Ethanol (gallons) E-85 (gallons) Corn Oil (pounds) DDG (tons) Twelve months ended December 31, 2019 2018 542,146 47,708 48,702 446 451,306 61,382 20,348 158 The above table shows only shipped volumes that flow through the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Company. As the Company merged its former unconsolidated LLCs into the consolidated TAMH entity in the fourth quarter of 2019, these consolidated volumes in the fourth quarter are now included in the 2019 amounts above. Total ethanol, DDG, and corn oil production by the unconsolidated LLCs for the first three quarters of 2019 and the whole year of 2018 is higher. However, the portion of this volume that was sold from the unconsolidated LLCs directly to their customers for the first nine months of 2019 is excluded here. 21 Plant Nutrient Group The Plant Nutrient Group's results decreased year-over-year due to a wet spring that compressed the planting time frame in areas that we supply and large profitable specialty nutrient manufacturing contracts that were entered into in the prior year which did not recur in the current year. Total storage capacity at our wholesale nutrient and farm center facilities was approximately 486 thousand tons for dry nutrients and approximately 515 thousand tons for liquid nutrients at December 31, 2019, which is similar to the prior year. Looking ahead, the group expects to face a continued challenging margin environment and will remained focused on increasing sales and working capital management. Tons of product sold for the years ended December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 were as follows: (in thousands) Primary Nutrients Specialty Nutrients Other Total tons Twelve months ended December 31, 2019 2018 1,394 605 56 2,055 1,424 694 56 2,174 In the table above, primary nutrients are comprised of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium from our wholesale and farm center businesses. Specialty nutrients encompasses low-salt liquid starter fertilizers, micronutrients for wholesale and farm center businesses, as well as the lawn business. Other tons include those from the cob business. Rail Group The Rail Group's results were lower than the prior year. The reduction in earnings were driven by lower average lease rates, lower North American railcar loading and certain customer defaults particularly in the sand and ethanol markets. The average utilization rate (Rail Group assets under management that are in lease service, exclusive of those managed for third-party investors) was 92.4% for the year ended December 31, 2019 which was 1.5% higher than the prior year. Rail Group assets under management (owned, leased or managed for financial institutions in non-recourse arrangements) at December 31, 2019 were 24,884 compared to 23,463 at December 31, 2018. The Rail Group expects continued pressure on new and renewing lease rates across most commodities throughout 2020. The utilization rates, however, are expected to remain above 90 percent. The group is also looking for additional growth on its repair business as we expand our network. Other In 2019, the Company acquired the remaining interest not previously owned in LTG and in 2018 incurred $6.5 million in one-time expenses related to the acquisition. The Company's “Other” represents corporate functions that provide support and services to the operating segments. The results contained within this group include expenses and benefits not allocated back to the operating segments, including a significant portion of our ERP project and retail from the prior year. Results for Fiscal 2018 compared to Fiscal 2017 For comparisons of the Company's consolidated and segment results of operations and consolidated cash flows for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2018 to December 31, 2017, refer to Part II, Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations of the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018, filed with the SEC on February 27, 2019. 22 On February 12, 2020, we furnished a Current Report on Form 8-K to the SEC that included a press release issued that same day announcing the fourth quarter and full-year financial results for the period ended December 31, 2019, which was furnished as Exhibit 99.1 thereto (the "Earnings Release"). The Earnings Release reported: (a) Other current assets of $92.3 million and (b) Goodwill of $137.8 million, (c) Accrued expenses and other current liabilities of $190.6 million, (d) Deferred income taxes of $149.4 million and (e) Total equity of $1,201.0 million as of December 31, 2019. The Consolidated Balance Sheet and accompanying notes in this Form 10-K reports (a) Other current assets of $75.7 million and (b) Goodwill of $135.4 million, (c) Accrued expenses and other current liabilities of $176.4 million, (d) Deferred income taxes of $146.2 million and (e) Total equity of $1,195.7 million as of December 31, 2019. Subsequent to the Earnings Release, we recorded an adjustment related to deferred taxes in conjunction with purchase price accounting finalization of the LTG acquisition. Operating Results The following discussion focuses on the operating results as shown in the Consolidated Statements of Operations with a separate discussion by segment. Additional segment information is included in Note 13 to the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8. (in thousands) Sales and merchandising revenues Trade 6,387,744 $ $ Ethanol Plant Nutrient 968,779 $ 646,730 $ Rail 166,938 $ Other Total — $ 8,170,191 Year ended December 31, 2019 Cost of sales and merchandising revenues 6,052,519 942,341 547,626 109,813 Gross profit Operating, administrative and general expenses Asset impairment Interest expense (income) Equity in earnings (losses) of affiliates, net Other income (expense), net Income (loss) before income taxes Income (loss) before income taxes attributable to the noncontrolling interests Non-GAAP Income (loss) before income taxes, attributable to The Andersons, Inc. 335,225 279,502 38,536 35,202 (6,835) 10,070 (14,780) 26,438 17,417 — 584 (524) 37,199 45,112 99,104 84,719 2,175 7,954 — 4,903 9,159 57,125 27,132 — 16,486 — 1,583 15,090 — — 28,072 501 (535) — 1,568 (26,470) 7,652,299 517,892 436,842 41,212 59,691 (7,359) 55,323 28,111 — (3,247) — — — (3,247) $ (14,780) $ 48,359 $ 9,159 $ 15,090 $ (26,470) $ 31,358 (in thousands) Sales and merchandising revenues Trade 1,433,660 $ $ Ethanol Plant Nutrient 747,009 $ 690,536 $ Rail 174,177 $ Cost of sales and merchandising revenues 1,307,121 725,289 591,635 119,332 Year ended December 31, 2018 Gross profit Operating, administrative and general expenses Asset impairment Interest expense (income) Equity in earnings (losses) of affiliates, net Other income (expense), net Income (loss) before income taxes Income (loss) before income taxes attributable to the noncontrolling interests Non-GAAP Income (loss) before income taxes, attributable to The Andersons, Inc. 126,539 105,190 1,564 11,845 12,932 843 21,715 21,720 13,768 — (1,890) 14,209 2,766 26,817 98,901 82,867 — 6,499 — 2,495 12,030 54,845 24,897 4,708 11,377 — 3,516 17,379 Other Total — $ 3,045,382 — — 31,150 2,743,377 302,005 257,872 — 17 — 6,382 (24,785) 6,272 27,848 27,141 16,002 53,156 — (259) — — — (259) $ 21,715 $ 27,076 $ 12,030 $ 17,379 $ (24,785) $ 53,415 23 The Company uses Income (loss) before income taxes, attributable to The Andersons, Inc., a non-GAAP financial measure as defined by the Securities and Exchange Commission, to evaluate the Company’s financial performance. This performance measure is not defined by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States and should be considered in addition to, and not in lieu of, GAAP financial measures. Management believes that Income (loss) before income taxes, attributable to The Andersons, Inc. is useful measures of the Company’s performance because it provides investors additional information about the Company's operations allowing better evaluation of underlying business performance and better period- to-period comparability. This measure is not intended to replace or be alternatives to Net Income or Net Income attributable to The Andersons, Inc., the most directly comparable amounts reported under GAAP. Comparison of 2019 with 2018 Trade Group Operating results for the Trade Group decreased $36.5 million compared to prior year results. Sales and merchandising revenues increased $4,954.1 million compared to prior year amounts which was largely offset as cost of sales and merchandising revenues increased by $4,745.4 million for an increase in gross profit of $208.7 million. Substantially all of the gross profit increase from the prior year was a direct result of acquiring the remaining equity in LTG and Thompsons on January 1, 2019. Operating, administrative and general expenses increased $174.3 million compared to prior year results. The acquisition of the remaining equity in LTG and Thompsons accounted for substantially all of this increase as the business is significantly larger. Also, included in the increased expenses are purchase accounting and other acquisition-related items, such as, $9.3 million of stock-based compensation expense, $10.2 million of incremental depreciation and amortization expenses and $7.8 million of other transaction related expenses. The Trade Group recorded asset impairment charges of $38.5 million and $1.6 million in 2019 and 2018, respectively. The current year asset impairment charges include a $34.8 million impairment of the Company's Frac Sand business following a fundamental shift in the operating environment in the areas we are located and $3.7 million related to the Company's Tennessee assets, as it continued to dispose of its remaining assets in this region. Interest expense increased $23.4 million due to higher debt levels resulting from the acquisition and higher borrowing rates. Equity in earnings of affiliates decreased $19.8 million as LTG and Thompsons, previously accounted for on the equity method, were fully consolidated entities as of January 1, 2019. The loss in the current year primarily relates to one investment that realized losses and the Company recorded an other-than- temporary impairment charge of approximately $5.0 million. Ethanol Group Operating results for the Ethanol Group increased $21.3 million from the prior year. Sales and merchandising revenues increased $221.8 million and cost of sales and merchandising revenues increased $217.1 million compared to prior year results primarily attributable to the TAMH merger and the LTG acquisition. Gross profit increased by $4.7 million from increased sales volumes as a result of increased merchandising activity due to the LTG acquisition. Operating, administrative and general expenses increased $3.6 million from the prior year due to the ELEMENT facility commencing operations in 2019, and the impact of the TAMH merger in October 2019. Prior to the merger, the Company's share of operating, administrative and general expenses would have been recognized in equity earnings. Interest expense increased $2.5 million due to the cessation of the capitalization of interest related to the construction of the ELEMENT facility which was completed in 2019. Equity in earnings of affiliates decreased $14.7 million as a result of the unconsolidated ethanol LLCs experiencing compressed margins from higher corn costs for the first three quarters of the year. The fourth quarter 2019 results of the previously unconsolidated ethanol LLCs are now included in the consolidated financial results of the Company. 24 Plant Nutrient Group Operating results for the Plant Nutrient Group decreased $2.9 million compared to the same period in the prior year. Sales and merchandising revenues decreased $43.8 million and cost of sales and merchandising revenues decreased $44.0 million from a significant decrease in primary and specialty ton volumes. The volume declines were due to a compressed Spring planting season as well as volumes in the lawn business that did not recur in the current year. The decrease in primary and specialty volumes was more than offset by improved pricing discipline and favorable raw material sourcing which led to an increased gross profit of $0.2 million for the group overall. Operating, administrative and general expenses increased $1.9 million primarily due to increases in rent and storage costs from holding more product on hand and unfavorable production costs resulting in low volumes from weak market conditions. Interest expense increased $1.5 million from carrying higher levels of inventories at the beginning of the year due to the wet weather that delayed and reduced planting. Rail Group Operating results for the Rail Group decreased $2.3 million from the same period in the prior year. Sales and merchandising revenues decreased $7.2 million and cost of sales and merchandising revenues decreased $9.5 million compared to prior year results. The decreased revenues were driven by a decrease of $13.7 million in car sale revenues as the Company sold more cars in 2018 when scrap rates were more favorable and was partially offset by an increase of $4.7 million in leasing revenues due to higher utilization rates with more cars on lease and an increase of $1.7 million in repair and other revenues. Operating, administrative and general expenses increased $2.2 million from the prior year primarily from the impact of headwinds in the frac sand and ethanol industries, resulting in an additional $2.7 million of bad debt expense being incurred in the current year. Asset impairment charges of $4.7 million were recorded in the prior year from a decision to scrap certain idled, out-of-favor cars during the second quarter of 2018, taking advantage of high scrap prices. Interest expense increased $5.1 million due to higher borrowings, as the Company was a net buyer of rail cars in the current year. Other income decreased $1.9 million due to a $2.4 million gain on the sale of barges in the prior year that did not recur in the current year. Other Group Operating, administrative and general expenses decreased $3.1 million due to severance, acquisition due diligence costs and other IT implementation costs reflected in 2018 which did not recur in 2019. Other income for 2018 includes $3.9 million of gains related to the sale of an investment and a $1.2 million gain related to the revaluation of another investment. Income Taxes In 2019, the Company recorded income tax expense of $13.1 million at an effective rate of 46.4%. In 2018, the Company recorded income tax expense of $11.9 million at an effective tax rate of 22.5%. The increase in effective tax rate as compared to the same period last year was primarily attributed to the impact of an acquisition related permanent item related to the LTG acquisition. This was slightly offset by the impact of discrete net tax benefits from provision to return items and federal income tax credits including a tax benefit of $6.5 million for Federal Research & Development Credits (“R&D Credits”) related to tax years 2015 to 2019. 25 Liquidity and Capital Resources Working Capital At December 31, 2019, the Company had working capital of $505.4 million, an increase of $315.6 million from the prior year. This increase was attributable to changes in the following components of current assets and current liabilities: (in thousands) Current Assets: Cash and cash equivalents Accounts receivables, net Inventories Commodity derivative assets – current Other current assets Total current assets Current Liabilities: Short-term debt Trade and other payables Customer prepayments and deferred revenue Commodity derivative liabilities – current Accrued expenses and other current liabilities Current maturities of long-term debt Total current liabilities Working capital December 31, 2019 December 31, 2018 Variance $ 54,895 $ 22,593 $ 536,367 1,170,536 107,863 75,681 207,285 690,804 51,421 51,095 1,945,342 1,023,198 147,031 873,081 133,585 46,942 176,381 62,899 205,000 462,535 32,533 32,647 79,046 21,589 1,439,919 833,350 $ 505,423 $ 189,848 $ 32,302 329,082 479,732 56,442 24,586 922,144 (57,969) 410,546 101,052 14,295 97,335 41,310 606,569 315,575 December 31, 2019 current assets increased $922 million in comparison to prior year. This increase was primarily related to the Trade Group as the current assets balance for the group increased by $790 million from the prior year due to the LTG acquisition. Current assets also increased approximately $122 million as a result of the TAMH merger in the current year. Accounts receivable increased due primarily to a higher volume of commodity shipments compared to the prior year. See also the discussion below on additional sources and uses of cash for an understanding of the increase in cash from prior year. Current liabilities increased $607 million compared to the prior year primarily due to the acquisition of LTG, the TAMH merger, and the debt related changes detailed in Note 4, Debt. Sources and Uses of Cash 2019 compared to 2018 Operating Activities and Liquidity Our operating activities provided cash of $348.6 million in 2019 compared to cash used in operations of $35.5 million in 2018. The increase in cash provided was due to changes in working capital, as discussed above, driven primarily by increased activity from the LTG acquisition. Net income taxes of $2.0 million were paid in 2019 and net income taxes of $5.4 million were received in 2018. 26 Investing Activities Investing activities used $325.0 million in 2019 compared to $186.0 million used in 2018. The increase was largely driven by the LTG acquisition in the current year. Cash used for the purchases of property, plant, equipment, and capitalized software increased $22.6 million primarily due to costs associated with the construction of the bio-refinery facility in 2018 and 2019. Purchases of Rail Group assets were $105.3 million in the current year compared to $167.0 million in the prior year as the Company replaced idle and scrapped cars with newer cars under lease. Proceeds from the sale of Rail Group assets were $18.1 million in 2019 and $79.4 million in 2018. The decrease is primarily due to the unfavorable scrap rates in the current year. As such, net spend on Rail assets decreased $0.4 million compared to the prior year. Capital spending of $161.0 million for 2019 on property, plant and equipment includes: Trade - $31.2 million; Ethanol - $104.0 million; Plant Nutrient - $20.4 million; Rail - $1.8 million; and $3.5 million in corporate / enterprise resource planning project spending. Proceeds from the sale of assets decreased $16.9 million due to the 2018 sale of three Tennessee grain locations and the sale of a corporate investment that exceeded the 2019 facility sales in the current year. We expect to spend approximately $150.0 million in 2020 on conventional property, plant and equipment. Which includes Trade - $49.0 million; Ethanol - $21.0 million; Plant Nutrient - $20.0 million; Rail - $56.0 million; and $4.0 million in corporate. Financing Arrangements Net cash provided by financing activities was $8.7 million in 2019, compared to $209.2 million in 2018. This was largely due to an increase in proceeds from new debt issued to finance the LTG acquisition offset by a reduction in short-term borrowing used to finance working capital. Further, in 2018 we received proceeds from our noncontrolling interest owner related to their 49% investment in the ELEMENT bio-refinery facility, which incurred significant construction costs. As of December 31, 2019, the Company was party to borrowing arrangements with a syndicate of banks that provide a total of $1,777.8 million in borrowings. This amount includes $70.0 million for ELEMENT, $200.0 million for The Andersons Railcar Leasing Company LLC and $130 million for TAMH, all of which are non-recourse to the Company. Of that total, we had $1,305.3 million available for borrowing at December 31, 2019. Typically, our highest borrowing occurs in the late winter and early spring due to seasonal inventory requirements in our fertilizer and grain businesses. The Company paid $22.1 million in dividends in 2019 compared to $18.6 million in 2018. The Company paid $0.170 per common share for the dividends paid in January, April, July and October 2019, and $0.165 per common share for the dividends paid in January, April, July and October 2018. On December 13, 2019, we declared a cash dividend of $0.175 per common share, payable on January 23, 2020 to shareholders of record on January 2, 2020. Certain of our long-term borrowings include covenants that, among other things, impose minimum levels of equity and limitations on additional debt. We are in compliance with all such covenants as of December 31, 2019. In addition, certain of our long-term borrowings are collateralized by first mortgages on various facilities or are collateralized by railcar assets. Our non-recourse long-term debt is collateralized by ethanol plant assets and railcar assets. Because we are a significant consumer of short-term debt in peak seasons and the majority of this is variable rate debt, increases in interest rates could have a significant impact on our profitability. In addition, periods of high grain prices and / or unfavorable market conditions could require us to make additional margin deposits on our exchange traded futures contracts. Conversely, in periods of declining prices, we receive a return of cash. We believe our sources of liquidity will be adequate to fund our operations, capital expenditures and payments of dividends in the foreseeable future. 27 Contractual Obligations Future payments due under contractual obligations at December 31, 2019 are as follows: (in thousands) Long-term debt, recourse Long-term debt, non-recourse Interest obligations (a) Finance Leases Operating leases Purchase commitments (b) Other long-term liabilities (c) Construction commitment (d) Payments Due by Period Less than 1 year 1-3 years 3-5 years After 5 years Total $ 36,013 $ 113,219 $ 190,574 $ 368,893 $ 9,250 39,898 17,636 28,145 209,750 63,097 3,641 32,804 3,288,084 102,784 2,602 3,906 3,953 — 31,113 44,985 3,429 15,454 — 3,140 — 89,802 77,707 14,432 6,956 708,699 339,915 225,687 39,138 83,359 — 3,390,868 7,078 — 16,773 3,906 Total contractual cash obligations (a) Future interest obligations are calculated based on interest rates in effect as of December 31, 2019 for the Company's variable rate debt and do not include any assumptions on expected borrowings, if any, under the short-term line of credit. (b) Includes the amounts related to purchase obligations in the Company's operating units, including $3,277 million for the purchase of grain from producers. There are also forward grain and ethanol sales contracts to consumers and traders and the net of these forward contracts are offset by exchange-traded futures and options contracts or over-the-counter contracts. See the narrative description of businesses for the Grain and Ethanol Groups in Item 1 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for further discussion. (c) Other long-term liabilities include estimated obligations under our retiree healthcare programs and principal and interest payments for the financing arrangement on our headquarters. Obligations under the retiree healthcare programs are not fixed commitments and will vary depending on various factors, including the level of participant utilization and inflation. Our estimates of postretirement payments through 2024 have considered recent payment trends and actuarial assumptions. (d) In 2018, the Company entered into an agreement to construct a bio-refinery. The facility is substantially complete, and the remaining construction commitment will be paid in 2020. 3,425,534 $ 529,248 $ 288,695 $ 564,868 $ 4,808,345 $ At December 31, 2019, we had standby letters of credit outstanding of $28.0 million. Off-Balance Sheet Transactions Our Rail Group utilizes leasing arrangements that provide off-balance sheet financing for its activities. We lease assets from financial intermediaries through sale-leaseback transactions, the majority of which involve operating leasebacks. We also arrange non-recourse lease transactions under which we sell assets to a financial intermediary and assign the related operating lease to the financial intermediary on a non-recourse basis. In such arrangements, we generally provide ongoing maintenance and management services for the financial intermediary and receive a fee for such services. We have a total of 332 railcars that would be considered off balance sheet at December 31, 2019. Industrial Revenue Bonds. On December 3, 2019, we closed an industrial revenue bond transaction with the City of Colwich, Kansas (the "City") in order to receive a 20-year real property tax abatement on our renovated and newly-constructed ELEMENT ethanol facility. Pursuant to this transaction, the City issued a principal amount of $166.1 million of its industrial revenue bonds to us and then used the proceeds to purchase the land and facility from us. The City then leased the facilities back to us under a capital lease, the terms of which provide for the payment of basic rent in an amount sufficient to pay principal and interest on the bonds. Subsequent to the issuance of the bonds, the Company redeemed $165.1 million of the bonds, leaving $1 million issued and outstanding. Our obligation to pay rent under the lease is in the same amount and due on the same date as the City’s obligation to pay debt service on the bonds which we hold. The lease permits us to present the bonds at any time for cancellation, upon which our obligation to pay basic rent would be canceled. The bonds' maturity date is 2029, at which time the facilities will revert to us without costs. If we were to present the bonds for cancellation prior to maturity, a nominal fee would be incurred. We recorded the land and buildings as assets in property, plant, and equipment, net, on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. Because we own all outstanding bonds, have a legal right to set-off, and intend to set-off the corresponding lease and interest payment, we have netted the capital lease obligation with the bond asset. No amount for our obligation under the capital lease is reflected on our Consolidated Balance Sheet, nor do we reflect an amount for the corresponding industrial revenue bond asset (Note 15). 28 Critical Accounting Estimates The process of preparing financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. Management evaluates these estimates and assumptions on an ongoing basis. Estimates and assumptions are based on historical experience and management's knowledge and understanding of current facts and circumstances. Actual results, under conditions and circumstances different from those assumed, may change from these estimates. Certain of our accounting estimates are considered critical, as they are important to the depiction of the Company's financial statements and/or require significant or complex judgment by management. There are other items within our financial statements that require estimation, however, they are not deemed critical as defined above. Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 describes our significant accounting policies which should be read in conjunction with our critical accounting estimates. Management believes that the accounting for commodity inventories and commodity derivative contracts, including adjustments for counterparty risk, impairment of long-lived assets, goodwill and equity method investments and business combinations involve significant estimates and assumptions in the preparation of the Consolidated Financial Statements. Commodity Inventories and Derivative Contracts Commodity inventories are stated at their net realizable value, which approximates estimated selling prices in the ordinary course of business, less reasonably predictable costs of completion, disposal, and transportation. The Company marks to market all forward purchase and sale contracts for commodities and ethanol, over-the-counter grain and ethanol contracts, and exchange-traded futures and options contracts. The overall market for commodity inventories is very liquid and active; market value is determined by reference to prices for identical commodities a regulated commodity exchange (adjusted primarily for transportation costs); and the Company's commodity inventories may be sold without significant additional processing. The Company uses forward purchase and sale contracts and both exchange traded and over-the-counter contracts (such as derivatives generally used by the International Swap Dealers Association). Management estimates fair value based on exchange-quoted prices, adjusted for differences in local markets, as well as counter-party non- performance risk in the case of forward and over-the-counter contracts. The amount of risk, and therefore the impact to the fair value of the contracts, varies by type of contract and type of counterparty. With the exception of specific customers thought to be at higher risk, the Company looks at the contracts in total, segregated by contract type, in its quarterly assessment of non-performance risk. For those customers that are thought to be at higher risk, the Company makes assumptions as to performance based on past history and facts about the current situation. Changes in fair value are recorded as a component of cost of sales and merchandising revenues in the statement of operations. Impairment of Long-Lived Assets, Goodwill, and Equity Method Investments The Company's business segments are each highly capital intensive and require significant investment. Long-lived assets are tested for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the assets may not be recoverable. This is done by evaluating the recoverability based on undiscounted projected cash flows, excluding interest. If an asset group is considered impaired, the impairment loss to be recognized is measured as the amount by which the asset group's carrying amount exceeds its fair value. Goodwill is tested for impairment at the reporting unit level, which is the operating segment or one level below the operating segment. The quantitative review for impairment takes into account our estimates of future cash flows. Our estimates of future cash flows are based upon a number of assumptions including operating costs, life of the assets, potential disposition proceeds, budgets and long-range plans. These factors are discussed in more detail in Note 19, Goodwill and Intangible Assets. 29 As part of the Company's on-going assessment of goodwill, management determined that in the third quarter a triggering event occurred due to the Company's market capitalization being less than the carrying value for a prolonged period as there was a significant decline in the Company's share price. Accordingly, an interim impairment test was performed during the third quarter over the Company's goodwill as well as its other intangible and long-lived assets. Based on the results of the impairment test, none of the Company's reportable segments recorded an impairment charge. The results of our September 30, 2019 impairment test indicated the estimated fair values of all reporting units that have goodwill were in excess of their carrying values, with the Trade Group's Grain storage and Merchandising and Food and Specialty Ingredients reporting units' excess fair value exceeding carrying value by approximately 3 and 8 percent, respectively. The remaining reporting unit within the Trade Group's reporting segment with goodwill, had an estimated fair value over carrying value of greater than 30 percent. Our annual goodwill impairment test is performed as of October 1st each year. The results of our annual test were consistent with our interim test performed as of September 30, 2019 resulting in no goodwill impairment being recognized. As our market capitalization remained below our book value through the end of the year, we performed an update to our annual test whereby management reviewed market influences and any relevant changes in assumptions from our annual test. Based on the methodologies used it was determined that the Company's reporting units estimated fair values continued to exceed that of their carrying values. In addition, the Company holds investments in several companies that are accounted for using the equity method of accounting. The Company reviews its investments to determine whether there has been a decline in the estimated fair value of the investment that is below the Company's carrying value which is other than temporary. Other than consideration of past and current performance, these reviews take into account forecasted earnings which are based on management's estimates of future performance. Management considers several factors to be significant when estimating fair value including expected financial outlook of the business, changes in the Company's stock price, the impact of changing market conditions on financial performance and expected future cash flows, the geopolitical environment and other factors. Deterioration in any of these factors may result in a lower fair value assessment, which could lead to impairment charges in the future. Specifically, actual results may vary from the Company's forecasts and such variations may be material and unfavorable, thereby triggering the need for future impairment tests where the conclusions could result in non-cash impairment charges. Business Combinations Accounting for business combinations requires us to make significant estimates and assumptions, especially at the acquisition date with respect to tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed and pre-acquisition contingencies. We use our best estimates and assumptions to accurately assign fair value to the tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the acquisition date as well as the useful lives of those acquired intangible assets. Examples of critical estimates in valuing certain of the intangible assets and goodwill we have acquired include but are not limited to the future expected cash flows of the acquired company's operations, the assumptions regarding the attrition rates associated with customer relationships and the period of time non- compete agreements will continue, and discount rates. Unanticipated events and circumstances may occur that may affect the accuracy or validity of such assumptions, estimates or actual results. Uncertain Tax Positions Conclusions on recognizing and measuring uncertain tax positions involve significant estimates and management judgment and include complex considerations of the Internal Revenue Code, related regulations, tax case laws, and prior year audit settlements. To account for uncertainty in income taxes, the Company evaluates the likelihood of a tax position based on the technical merits of the position, performs a subsequent measurement related to the maximum benefit and degree of likelihood, and determines the benefits to be recognized in the financial statements, if any. During the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company recognized tax benefits of $6.5 million for Federal Research and Development Credits ("R&D Credits") related to tax years 2015 to 2019. Unrecognized tax benefits of $22.4 million include $18.7 million recorded as a reduction of the deferred tax assets and refundable credits associated with the R&D Credits. 30 Item 7a. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk The market risk inherent in the Company's market risk-sensitive instruments and positions is the potential loss arising from adverse changes in commodity prices and interest rates as discussed below. Commodity Prices The Company's daily net commodity position consists of inventories, related purchase and sale contracts, exchange-traded futures, and over-the-counter contracts. The fair value of the position is a summation of the fair values calculated for each commodity by valuing each net position at quoted futures market prices. The Company has established controls to manage and limit risk exposure, which consists of a daily review of position limits and effects of potential market price moves on those positions. A sensitivity analysis has been prepared to estimate the Company's exposure to market risk of its net commodity futures position. Market risk is estimated as the potential loss in fair value resulting from a hypothetical 10% adverse change in quoted market prices. The result of this analysis, which may differ from actual results, is as follows: (in thousands) Net commodity position Market risk Foreign Currency December 31, 2019 2018 $ (8,969) $ 896 3,373 337 The Company has subsidiaries located outside the United States where the local currency is the functional currency. To reduce the risks associated with foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations, the Company enters into currency exchange contracts to minimize its foreign currency position related to transactions denominated primarily in the British pound, Mexican peso and Canadian dollar. These currencies represent the major functional or local currencies in which recurring business transactions occur. The Company does not use currency exchange contracts as hedges against amounts indefinitely invested in foreign subsidiaries and affiliates. The currency exchange contracts used are forward contracts, swaps with banks, exchange-traded futures contracts, and over-the-counter options. The changes in market value of such contracts have a high correlation to the price changes in the currency of the related transactions. The potential loss in fair value for such net currency position resulting from a hypothetical 10% adverse change in foreign currency exchange rates is not material. Interest Rates The fair value of the Company's long-term debt is estimated using quoted market prices or discounted future cash flows based on the Company's current incremental borrowing rates and credit ratings for similar types of borrowing arrangements. Market risk, which is estimated as the potential increase in fair value resulting from a hypothetical one-half percent decrease in interest rates, is summarized below: (in thousands) Fair value of long-term debt, including current maturities Carrying value less fair value Market risk December 31, 2019 1,096,010 $ $ 8,257 7,573 2018 517,998 5,813 6,611 Actual results may differ. The estimated fair value and market risk will vary from year to year depending on the total amount of long-term debt and the mix of variable and fixed rate debt. Additionally, the Company may enter into interest rate swaps from time to time to manage our mix of fixed and variable interest rate debt effectively which may decrease market risk noted above. See Note 5 for further discussion on the impact of these hedging instruments. 31 Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data The Andersons, Inc. Index to Financial Statements Reports of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firms - Deloitte & Touche LLP / KPMG LLP / PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP - Canada Consolidated Balance Sheets Consolidated Statements of Operations Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows Consolidated Statements of Equity Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Schedule II - Consolidated Valuation and Qualifying Accounts 32 Page No. 33 38 40 41 42 43 44 98 Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm To the Shareholders and the Board of Directors of The Andersons, Inc. Opinion on the Financial Statements We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of The Andersons, Inc. and subsidiaries (the "Company") as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income, equity, and cash flows, for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2019, and the related notes and the schedule listed in the Index at Item 15 (collectively referred to as the "financial statements"). In our opinion, based on our audits and the reports of the other auditors, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2019, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. We did not audit the financial statements of Lansing Trade Group, LLC or Lux JV Treasury Holding Company S.à.r.l. as of and for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, the Company’s investments which were accounted for by use of the equity method. The accompanying financial statements of the Company include its equity investment in Lansing Trade Group, LLC of $102 million and Lux JV Treasury Holding Company S.à.r.l. of $45 million as of December 31, 2018, and its equity in earnings in Lansing Trade Group, LLC of $10.4 million and $4.0 million, and Lux JV Treasury Holding Company S.à.r.l. of $2.2 million and $0.5 million, for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Those statements were audited by other auditors whose reports have been furnished to us, and our opinion, insofar as it relates to the amounts included for Lansing Trade Group, LLC and Lux JV Treasury Holding Company S.à.r.l., is based solely on the reports of the other auditors. We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2019, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission and our report dated February 27, 2020, expressed an unqualified opinion on the Company's internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. Change in Accounting Principle As discussed in Note 1 to the financial statements, effective January 1, 2019, the Company adopted FASB Accounting Standards Update 2016-02, Leases (ASC 842), using the modified retrospective transition approach and changed its method of accounting for revenue from contracts with customers in 2018 due to the adoption of Accounting Standards Update No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. Basis for Opinion These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB. We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits and the reports of the other auditors provide a reasonable basis for our opinion. Critical Audit Matters The critical audit matters communicated below are matters arising from the current-period audit of the financial statements that were communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that (1) relate to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matters below, providing separate opinions on the critical audit matters or on the accounts or disclosures to which they relate. Income Taxes - Uncertain Tax Positions - Refer to Notes 1 and 8 to the consolidated financial statements Critical Audit Matter Description Conclusions on recognizing and measuring uncertain tax positions involve significant estimates and management judgment and include complex considerations of the Internal Revenue Code, related regulations, tax case laws, and prior year audit settlements. To account for uncertainty in income taxes, the Company evaluates the likelihood of a tax position based on the technical merits of the position, performs a subsequent measurement related to the maximum benefit and degree of likelihood, and determines the benefits to be recognized in the financial statements, if any. During the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company recognized tax benefits of $6.5 million for Federal Research & Development Credits (“R&D Credits”) related to tax years 2015 to 2019. Unrecognized tax benefits of $22.4 million include $18.7 million recorded as a reduction of the deferred tax assets and refundable credits associated with the R&D Credits. Given the complexity and the subjective nature of the use of R&D Credits, evaluating management’s estimates relating to their determination of uncertain tax positions require extensive audit effort and a high degree of auditor judgment, including involvement of our income tax specialists. How the Critical Audit Matter Was Addressed in the Audit Our audit procedures to evaluate management’s estimates of uncertain tax positions related to the use of R&D Credits included the following: • We evaluated the appropriateness and consistency of management’s methods and assumptions used in the identification, recognition, measurement, and disclosure of uncertain tax positions related to R&D Credits, which included testing the effectiveness of the related internal controls. • We read and evaluated management’s documentation, including relevant accounting policies and information obtained by management from outside tax specialists, that detailed the basis of the uncertain tax position. • We tested the reasonableness of management’s judgments regarding the future resolution of the uncertain tax position, including an evaluation of the technical merits • of the uncertain tax position. For those uncertain tax positions that had not been effectively settled, we evaluated whether management had appropriately considered new information that could significantly change the recognition, measurement or disclosure of the uncertain tax. • We evaluated the reasonableness of management’s estimates by considering how tax law, including statutes, regulations and case law, impacted management’s judgments. Basis of Consolidation of The Andersons Marathon Holdings LLC - Refer to Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements Critical Audit Matter Description At inception of joint venture transactions, the Company identifies entities for which control is achieved through means other than voting rights (“variable interest entities” or “VIEs”) and determine which business enterprise is the primary beneficiary of its operations. A VIE is broadly defined as an entity where either (i) the equity investors as a group, if any, do not have a controlling financial interest, or (ii) the equity investment at risk is insufficient to finance that entity’s activities without additional subordinated financial support. The Company consolidates investments in VIEs when the Company is determined to be the primary beneficiary. This evaluation is based on an enterprise’s ability to direct and influence the activities of a VIE that most significantly impact that entity’s economic performance. The Company evaluates its interests in VIE’s on an ongoing basis and consolidates any VIE in which it has a controlling financial interest and is deemed to be the primary beneficiary. A controlling financial interest has both of the following characteristics: (i) the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact its economic performance; and (ii) the obligation to absorb losses of the VIE that could potentially be significant to it or the right to receive benefits from the VIE that could be significant to the VIE. On October 1, 2019, the Company entered into an agreement with Marathon Petroleum Corporation to merge The Andersons Albion Ethanol LLC, The Andersons Clymers Ethanol LLC, The Andersons Marathon Ethanol LLC and the Company's wholly-owned subsidiary, The Andersons Denison Ethanol LLC, into a new legal entity, The Andersons Marathon Holdings LLC ("TAMH"). The Company evaluated its interest in TAMH and determined that TAMH is a VIE and that the Company is the primary beneficiary of TAMH due to the fact that the Company had both the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact TAMH and the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits from TAMH. Therefore, the Company consolidated TAMH in its financial statements. The determination of whether the Company was the primary beneficiary of TAMH required a high degree of auditor judgment and an increased extent of effort in evaluating the audit evidence obtained related to the Company’s ability to direct the activities that impact the VIE due to the complexity of the agreements. How the Critical Audit Matter Was Addressed in the Audit Our audit procedures included the following: • We tested the effectiveness of controls over management’s consolidation analysis. • We obtained and analyzed the agreements and evaluated the interests of each party. • With the assistance of professionals in our firm having expertise in VIE accounting we evaluated the Company’s conclusions regarding the factors that led it to consolidate TAMH. /s/ DELOITTE & TOUCHE LLP 33 Cleveland, Ohio February 27, 2020 We have served as the Company's auditor since 2015. 34 Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm The Members and Board of Managers Lansing Trade Group, LLC: Opinion on the Consolidated Financial Statements We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheet of Lansing Trade Group, LLC and subsidiaries (the Company) as of December 31, 2018, the related consolidated statements of comprehensive income, equity, and cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2018, and the related notes (collectively, the consolidated financial statements). In our opinion, based on our audit and the report of the other auditors, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2018, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2018, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. We did not audit the consolidated financial statements of Lux JV Treasury Holding Company S.a.r.l (Lux JV) (a 50 percent owned investee company). The Company’s investment in Lux JV at December 31, 2018 was $44.7 million and its equity in earnings of Lux JV was $1.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2018. The consolidated financial statements of Lux JV were audited by other auditors whose report has been furnished to us, and our opinion, insofar as it relates to the amounts included for Lux JV, is based solely on the report of the other auditors. Basis for Opinion These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB. We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audit and the report of the other auditors provides a reasonable basis for our opinion. /s/ KPMG LLP We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2017. Kansas City, Missouri February 27, 2019 35 Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm To the Members and Board of Managers Lansing Trade Group, LLC: Opinion on the Consolidated Financial Statements We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheet of Lansing Trade Group, LLC and subsidiaries (the Company) as of December 31, 2017, the related consolidated statements of comprehensive income, equity, and cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2017, and the related notes (collectively, the consolidated financial statements). In our opinion, based on our audit and the report of the other auditors, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2017, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for year ended December 31, 2017, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. We did not audit the consolidated financial statements of Lux JV Treasury Holding Company S.a.r.l. (a 50% percent owned investee company). The Company’s investment in Lux JV Treasury Holding Company S.a.r.l. at December 31, 2017 was $46.7 million and its equity in earnings of Lux JV Treasury Holding Company S.a.r.l. was $0.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2017. The consolidated financial statements of Lux JV Treasury Holding Company S.a.r.l. were audited by other auditors whose report has been furnished to us, and our opinion, insofar as it relates to the amounts included for Lux JV Treasury Holding Company S.a.r.l., is based solely on the report of the other auditors. Basis for Opinion These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities law and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB. We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB and in accordance with auditing standards generally accepted in the United States of America. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audit included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audit also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audit and the report of the other auditors provide a reasonable basis for our opinion. /s/ KPMG LLP We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2017. Kansas City, Missouri February 26, 2018 36 Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm To the Board of Managers and Shareholders of Lux JV Treasury Holding Company S.à r.l. Opinion on the Consolidated Financial Statements We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheet of Lux JV Treasury Holding Company S.à r.l. and its subsidiaries, (together, the Company) as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, and the related consolidated statements of operations and retained earnings and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2018, including the related notes (not included herein) (collectively referred to as the consolidated financial statements). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, and the results of operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2018 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Basis for Opinion These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB. We conducted our audits of these consolidated financial statements in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion. /s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP Chartered Professional Accountants February 21, 2019 London, Canada We have served as the Company's auditor since 2013. 37 The Andersons, Inc. Consolidated Balance Sheets (In thousands) December 31, 2019 December 31, 2018 Assets Current assets: Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash $ 54,895 $ Accounts receivable, less allowance for doubtful accounts of $12,781 in 2019; $8,325 in 2018 Inventories (Note 2) Commodity derivative assets – current (Note 5) Other current assets Total current assets Other assets: Commodity derivative assets – noncurrent (Note 5) Goodwill Other intangible assets, net Right of use assets, net Equity method investments Other assets Total other assets Rail Group assets leased to others, net (Note 3) Property, plant and equipment, net (Note 3) Total assets 38 536,367 1,170,536 107,863 75,681 22,593 207,285 690,804 51,421 51,095 1,945,342 1,023,198 949 135,360 175,312 76,401 23,857 20,804 432,683 584,298 938,418 480 6,024 99,138 — 242,326 22,341 370,309 521,785 476,711 $ 3,900,741 $ 2,392,003 The Andersons, Inc. Consolidated Balance Sheets (continued) (In thousands) Liabilities and equity Current liabilities: Short-term debt (Note 4) Trade and other payables Customer prepayments and deferred revenue Commodity derivative liabilities – current (Note 5) Accrued expenses and other current liabilities Current maturities of long-term debt (Note 4) Total current liabilities Long-term lease liabilities Commodity derivative liabilities – noncurrent (Note 5) Employee benefit plan obligations (Note 6) Long-term debt, less current maturities (Note 4) Deferred income taxes (Note 8) Other long-term liabilities Total liabilities Commitments and contingencies (Note 15) Shareholders’ equity: Common shares, without par value (63,000 shares authorized; 33,550 shares issued in 2019; 29,430 shares issued in 2018) Preferred shares, without par value (1,000 shares authorized; none issued) Additional paid-in-capital Treasury shares, at cost (207 in 2019; 936 in 2018) Accumulated other comprehensive loss Retained earnings Total shareholders’ equity of The Andersons, Inc. Noncontrolling interests Total equity Total liabilities and equity The Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these statements. 39 December 31, 2019 December 31, 2018 $ 147,031 $ 873,081 133,585 46,942 176,381 62,899 1,439,919 51,091 505 25,359 1,016,248 146,155 25,809 205,000 462,535 32,533 32,647 79,046 21,589 833,350 — 889 22,542 496,187 130,087 32,184 2,705,086 1,515,239 137 — 345,359 (7,342) (7,231) 642,687 973,610 222,045 1,195,655 96 — 224,396 (35,300) (6,387) 647,517 830,322 46,442 876,764 $ 3,900,741 $ 2,392,003 The Andersons, Inc. Consolidated Statements of Operations (In thousands, except per share data) Sales and merchandising revenues Cost of sales and merchandising revenues Gross profit Operating, administrative and general expenses Asset impairment Goodwill impairment Interest expense Other income: Equity in earnings (losses) of affiliates, net Gain from remeasurement of equity method investments, net Other income, net Income (loss) before income taxes Income tax provision (benefit) Net income Net income (loss) attributable to the noncontrolling interest Net income attributable to The Andersons, Inc. Per common share: Basic earnings attributable to The Andersons, Inc. common shareholders Diluted earnings attributable to The Andersons, Inc. common shareholders The Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these statements. $ $ $ 40 Year ended December 31, 2019 8,170,191 $ 2018 3,045,382 $ $ 7,652,299 2,743,377 517,892 436,842 41,212 — 59,691 (7,359) 35,214 20,109 28,111 13,051 15,060 (3,247) 302,005 257,872 6,272 — 27,848 27,141 — 16,002 53,156 11,931 41,225 (259) 18,307 $ 41,484 $ 2017 3,686,345 3,367,546 318,799 286,993 10,913 59,081 21,567 16,723 — 22,507 (20,525) (63,134) 42,609 98 42,511 0.56 $ 0.55 $ 1.47 $ 1.46 $ 1.51 1.50 The Andersons, Inc. Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (In thousands) Net income Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax: Year ended December 31, 2019 2018 2017 $ 15,060 $ 41,225 $ 42,609 Change in fair value of convertible preferred securities (net of income tax of $0 for all periods) — (86) 344 Change in unrecognized actuarial gain and prior service cost (net of income tax of $1,267, $(879) and $(1,809)) Foreign currency translation adjustments (net of income tax of $(403), $0 and $0) Cash flow hedge activity (net of income tax of $3,081, $42 and $0) Other comprehensive income (loss) Comprehensive income Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to the noncontrolling interests Comprehensive income attributable to The Andersons, Inc. The Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these statements. (4,142) 12,615 (9,317) (844) 14,216 (3,247) 359 (3,834) (126) (3,687) 37,538 (259) $ 17,463 $ 37,797 $ 6,138 3,286 — 9,768 52,377 98 52,279 41 The Andersons, Inc. Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (In thousands) Operating Activities Net income Adjustments to reconcile net income to cash provided by (used in) operating activities: Depreciation and amortization Bad debt expense Equity in (earnings) losses of affiliates, net of dividends Loss (gain) on sales of assets Gains on sales of Rail Group assets and related leases Stock based compensation expense Deferred income tax Goodwill impairment Asset impairment Gain from remeasurement of equity method investments, net Other Changes in operating assets and liabilities: Accounts receivable Inventories Commodity derivatives Other assets Payables and other accrued expenses Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities Investing Activities Acquisition of businesses, net of cash acquired Purchases of Rail Group assets Proceeds from sale of Rail Group assets Purchases of property, plant and equipment and capitalized software Proceeds from sale of assets and businesses Proceeds from returns of investments in affiliates Purchase of investments Other Net cash used in investing activities Financing Activities Net change in short-term borrowings Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt Payments of long-term debt Proceeds from long-term financing agreements Proceeds from noncontrolling interest owner Payments of debt issuance costs Acquisition of noncontrolling interest Dividends paid Other Net cash provided by financing activities Effect of exchange rates on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash Increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of year Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of year The Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these statements. 42 Year ended December 31, 2019 2018 2017 $ 15,060 $ 41,225 $ 42,609 146,166 4,007 7,671 (7,063) (4,122) 16,229 5,114 — 41,212 (35,214) 3,540 1,487 (1,578) 21,714 30,497 103,842 348,562 90,297 542 (23,167) (5,218) (9,558) 6,624 11,018 — 6,272 — (1,451) (24,788) (44,060) (16,610) 3,290 (69,935) (35,519) (102,580) (105,254) 18,090 (2,248) (167,005) 79,439 (165,223) (142,579) 30,617 — (1,490) 808 47,486 — (1,086) — 86,412 3,000 (10,494) (14,401) (10,990) 6,097 (63,234) 59,081 10,913 — (55) 9,781 16,141 20,285 (74,237) (5,623) 75,285 (3,507) (143,020) 36,896 (34,602) 33,879 1,069 (5,679) 1,470 (325,032) (185,993) (113,494) (278,824) 922,594 (608,483) — 4,714 (6,561) — (22,118) (2,615) 8,707 65 32,302 22,593 183,000 132,000 (121,090) — 46,736 (1,446) (10,000) (18,639) (1,375) 209,186 — (12,326) 34,919 $ 54,895 $ 22,593 $ (8,059) 85,175 (57,189) 12,195 (377) (2,024) — (18,152) (1,071) 10,498 — (27,711) 62,630 34,919 The Andersons, Inc. Consolidated Statements of Equity (In thousands, except per share data) The Andersons, Inc. Shareholders’ Equity Common Shares $ 96 $ Additional Paid-in Capital 222,910 $ Treasury Shares (45,383) $ Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss (12,468) $ Retained Earnings Noncontrolling Interests Total 609,206 $ 16,336 $ 790,697 42,511 98 9,768 1,707 5,007 5 64 (18,152) (69) 96 224,622 (40,312) (2,700) 633,496 41,484 (3,687) (377) (8,360) 7,697 (259) 42,609 9,768 (377) (8,360) 6,714 (18,152) — 822,899 41,225 (3,687) (2,268) 39,004 36,736 (7,818) (7,818) 2,042 4,871 141 (19,504) (141) 96 224,396 (35,300) (6,387) 647,517 18,307 (12,734) 11,890 46,442 (3,247) 6,913 (19,504) — 876,764 15,060 (12,734) 11,890 164 5,112 4,715 4,879 174,135 179,247 (550) (550) (12,121) 27,708 41 127,800 8 250 (258) (22,329) 15,587 (22,329) 127,841 — Balance at January 1, 2017 Net Income Other comprehensive income Cash distributions to noncontrolling interest Other changes to noncontrolling interest Stock awards, stock option exercises and other shares issued to employees and directors, net of income tax of ($323) (138 shares) Dividends declared ($0.645 per common share) Performance share unit dividends Balance at December 31, 2017 Net income (loss) Other comprehensive loss Cash received from (paid to) noncontrolling interest, net Adoption of accounting standard, net of income tax of $3,492 Stock awards, stock option exercises and other shares issued to employees and directors, net of income tax of ($267) (127 shares) Dividends declared ($0.665 per common share) Restricted share award dividend equivalents Balance at December 31, 2018 Net income (loss) Other comprehensive loss Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss Cash received from noncontrolling interest, net Noncontrolling interests recognized in connection with business combination Cumulative adjustment for adoption of leasing standard, net of income tax of ($76) Stock awards, stock option exercises and other shares issued to employees and directors, net of income tax of $0 (723 shares) Dividends declared ($0.685 per common share) Shares issued for acquisition Restricted share award dividend equivalents Balance at December 31, 2019 $ 137 $ 345,359 $ (7,342) $ (7,231) $ 642,687 $ 222,045 $ 1,195,655 The Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these statements. 43 The Andersons, Inc. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Basis of Consolidation These Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of The Andersons, Inc. and its wholly owned and controlled subsidiaries (the “Company”). All material intercompany accounts and transactions are eliminated in consolidation. Investments in unconsolidated entities in which the Company has significant influence, but not control, are accounted for using the equity method of accounting. At inception of joint venture transactions, we identify entities for which control is achieved through means other than voting rights (“variable interest entities” or “VIEs”) and determine which business enterprise is the primary beneficiary of its operations. A VIE is broadly defined as an entity where either (i) the equity investors as a group, if any, do not have a controlling financial interest, or (ii) the equity investment at risk is insufficient to finance that entity’s activities without additional subordinated financial support. The Company consolidates investments in VIEs when the Company is determined to be the primary beneficiary. This evaluation is based on an enterprise’s ability to direct and influence the activities of a VIE that most significantly impact that entity’s economic performance. The Company evaluates its interests in VIE’s on an ongoing basis and consolidates any VIE in which it has a controlling financial interest and is deemed to be the primary beneficiary. A controlling financial interest has both of the following characteristics: (i) the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact its economic performance; and (ii) the obligation to absorb losses of the VIE that could potentially be significant to it or the right to receive benefits from the VIE that could be significant to the VIE. On October 1, 2019, the Company entered into an agreement with Marathon Petroleum Corporation to merge The Andersons Albion Ethanol LLC (“TAAE”), The Andersons Clymers Ethanol LLC (“TACE”), The Andersons Marathon Ethanol LLC (“TAME”) and the Company's wholly-owned subsidiary, The Andersons Denison Ethanol LLC (“TADE”), into a new legal entity, The Andersons Marathon Holdings LLC ("TAMH"). The Company evaluated its interest in TAMH and determined that TAMH is a VIE and that the Company is the primary beneficiary of TAMH due to the fact that the Company had both the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact TAMH and the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits from TAMH. Therefore, the Company consolidated TAMH in its financial statements. On March 2, 2018, the Company invested in ELEMENT. The Company owns 51% of ELEMENT and ICM, Inc. owns the remaining 49% interest. As part of the Company’s investment into ELEMENT, the Company and ICM, Inc. entered into a number of agreements with the entity. Most notably, ICM, Inc. will operate the facility under a management contract and manage the initial construction of the facility, while the Company will provide corn origination, ethanol marketing, and risk management services. The Company evaluated its interest in ELEMENT and determined that ELEMENT is a VIE and that the Company is the primary beneficiary of ELEMENT due to the fact that the Company had both the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact ELEMENT and the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits from ELEMENT. Therefore, the Company consolidates ELEMENT. Use of Estimates and Assumptions The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash Cash and cash equivalents include cash and short-term investments with an initial maturity of three months or less. The carrying values of these assets approximate their fair values. The Company had restricted cash of $8.7 million as of December 31, 2019. The restricted cash balance is a result of an ongoing royalty claim assumed in the TAMH merger and, accordingly, is now in the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Company. 44 Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts Trade accounts receivable are recorded at the invoiced amount and may bear interest if past due. The allowance for doubtful accounts is the best estimate of the current expected credit losses in existing accounts receivable. The allowance for doubtful accounts is reviewed quarterly. The allowance is based both on specific identification of potentially uncollectible accounts and the application of a consistent policy, based on historical experience, to estimate the allowance necessary for the remaining accounts receivable. For those customers that are thought to be at higher risk, the Company makes assumptions as to collectability based on past history and facts about the current situation. Account balances are charged off against the allowance when it becomes more certain that the receivable will not be recovered. The Company manages its exposure to counterparty credit risk through credit analysis and approvals, credit limits and monitoring procedures. Commodity Derivatives and Inventories The Company's operating results can be affected by changes to commodity prices. The Trade and Ethanol businesses have established “unhedged” position limits (the amount of a commodity, either owned or contracted for, that does not have an offsetting derivative contract to mitigate the price risk associated with those contracts and inventory). To reduce the exposure to market price risk on commodities owned and forward commodity and ethanol purchase and sale contracts, the Company enters into exchange traded commodity futures and options contracts and over-the-counter forward and option contracts with various counterparties. The forward purchase and sale contracts are for physical delivery of the commodity in a future period. Contracts to purchase commodities from producers generally relate to the current or future crop years for delivery periods quoted by regulated commodity exchanges. Contracts for the sale of commodities to processors or other commercial consumers generally do not extend beyond one year. The Company accounts for its commodity derivatives at fair value. The estimated fair value of the commodity derivative contracts that require the receipt or posting of cash collateral is recorded on a net basis (offset against cash collateral posted or received, also known as margin deposits) within commodity derivative assets or liabilities. Management determines fair value based on exchange-quoted prices and in the case of its forward purchase and sale contracts, fair value is adjusted for differences in local markets and non-performance risk. While the Company considers certain of its commodity contracts to be effective economic hedges, the Company does not designate or account for its commodity contracts as hedges. Realized and unrealized gains and losses in the value of commodity contracts (whether due to changes in commodity prices, changes in performance or credit risk, or due to sale, maturity or extinguishment of the commodity contract) and grain inventories are included in cost of sales and merchandising revenues in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Additional information about the fair value of the Company's commodity derivatives is presented in Notes 5 and 11 to the Consolidated Financial Statements. Grain and other agricultural inventories, which are commodities and may be acquired under provisionally priced contracts, are stated at their net realizable value, which approximates estimated selling prices in the ordinary course of business, less reasonably predictable costs of completion, disposal and transportation. All other inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost is determined by the average cost method. Additional information about inventories is presented in Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements. Derivatives - Master Netting Arrangements Generally accepted accounting principles permit a party to a master netting arrangement to offset fair value amounts recognized for derivative instruments against the right to reclaim cash collateral or obligation to return cash collateral under the same master netting arrangement. The Company has master netting arrangements for its exchange traded futures and options contracts and certain over-the-counter contracts. When the Company enters into a futures, options or an over-the-counter contract, an initial margin deposit may be required by the counterparty. The amount of the margin deposit varies by commodity. If the market price of a futures, option or an over-the-counter contract moves in a direction that is adverse to the Company's position, an additional margin deposit, called a maintenance margin, is required. The Company nets, by counterparty, its futures and over-the-counter positions against the cash collateral provided or received. The margin deposit assets and liabilities are included in short-term commodity derivative assets or liabilities, as appropriate, in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Additional information about the Company's master netting arrangements is presented in Note 5 to the Consolidated Financial Statements. 45 Derivatives - Interest Rate and Foreign Currency Contracts The Company periodically enters into interest rate contracts to manage interest rate risk on borrowing or financing activities. The Company has long-term interest rate swaps recorded in other assets or other long-term liabilities that expire from 2021 to 2025 and have been designated as cash flow hedges; accordingly, changes in the fair value of the instruments are recognized in other comprehensive income. The Company has other interest rate contracts recorded in other assets that are not designated as hedges. While the Company considers all of its derivative positions to be effective economic hedges of specified risks, these interest rate contracts for which hedge accounting is not applied are recorded on the Consolidated Balance Sheets in either other current assets or liabilities (if short-term in nature) or in other assets or other long-term liabilities (if non-current in nature), and changes in fair value are recognized in current earnings as interest expense. Upon termination of a derivative instrument or a change in the hedged item, any remaining fair value recorded on the balance sheet is recorded as interest expense consistent with the cash flows associated with the underlying hedged item. Information regarding the nature and terms of the Company's interest rate derivatives is presented in Note 5 to the Consolidated Financial Statements. Marketing Agreement The Company has a marketing agreement that covers certain of its grain facilities, some of which are leased from Cargill. Under the five-year amended and restated agreement (renewed in June 2018 and ending May 2023), any grain the Company sells to Cargill is at market price. Income earned from operating the facilities (including buying, storing and selling grain and providing grain marketing services to its producer customers) over a specified threshold is shared equally with Cargill. Measurement of this threshold is made on a cumulative basis and cash is paid to Cargill on an annual basis. The Company recognizes its pro rata share of this profit-sharing arrangement as a reduction of revenue in our Consolidated Statements of Operations every month and accrues for any payment owed to Cargill. The impact of the profit-sharing arrangement to the Company's revenues were de minimis, $0.2 million and $3.7 million for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Rail Group Assets Leased to Others The Company's Rail Group purchases, leases, markets and manages railcars and barges for third parties and for internal use. Rail Group assets to which the Company holds title are shown on the balance sheet in one of two categories - other current assets (for those that are available for sale) or Rail Group assets leased to others. Rail Group assets leased to others, both on short and long-term leases, are classified as long-term assets and are depreciated over their estimated useful lives. Railcars have statutory lives of either 40 or 50 years, measured from the date built. Barges have estimated lives of 30 to 40 years, measured from the date built. At the time of purchase, the remaining life is used in determining useful lives which are depreciated on a straight-line basis. Repairs and maintenance costs are charged to expense as incurred. Additional information regarding Rail Group assets leased to others is presented in Note 3 to the Consolidated Financial Statements. Property, Plant and Equipment Property, plant and equipment is recorded at cost. Repairs and maintenance costs are charged to expense as incurred, while betterments that extend useful lives are capitalized. Depreciation is provided over the estimated useful lives of the individual assets, by the straight-line method. Estimated useful lives are generally as follows: land improvements - 16 years; leasehold improvements - the shorter of the lease term or the estimated useful life of the improvement, ranging from 3 to 20 years; buildings and storage facilities - 10 to 40 years; and machinery and equipment - 3 to 20 years. The cost of assets retired or otherwise disposed of and the accumulated depreciation thereon are removed from the accounts, with any gain or loss realized upon sale or disposal credited or charged to operations. Additional information regarding the Company's property, plant and equipment is presented in Note 3 to the Consolidated Financial Statements. Deferred Debt Issue Costs Costs associated with the issuance of debt are deferred and recorded net with debt. These costs are amortized, as a component of interest expense, over the earlier of the stated term of the debt or the period from the issue date through the first early payoff date without penalty, or the expected payoff date if the loan does not contain a prepayment penalty. Deferred costs associated with the borrowing arrangement with a syndication of banks are amortized over the term of the agreement. 46 Goodwill and Intangible Assets Goodwill is subject to annual impairment tests or more often when events or circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of goodwill may be impaired. A goodwill impairment loss is recognized to the extent the carrying amount of goodwill exceeds the business enterprise value. Additional information about the Company's goodwill and other intangible assets is presented in Note 19 to the Consolidated Financial Statements. Acquired intangible assets are recorded at cost, less accumulated amortization, if not indefinite lived. In addition, we capitalize the salaries and payroll-related costs of employees and consultants who devote time to the development of internal-use software projects. If a project constitutes an enhancement to previously-developed software, we assess whether the enhancement is significant and creates additional functionality to the software, thus qualifying the work incurred for capitalization. Once a project is complete, we estimate the useful life of the internal-use software. Changes in our estimates related to internal-use software would increase or decrease operating expenses or amortization recorded during the period. Amortization of intangible assets is provided over their estimated useful lives (generally 1 to 10 years) on the straight-line method. Impairment of Long-lived Assets and Equity Method Investments Long-lived assets, including intangible assets, are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of an asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by comparing the carrying amount of the assets to the undiscounted future net cash flows the Company expects to generate with the assets. If such assets are considered to be impaired, the Company recognizes an impairment loss for the amount by which the carrying amount of the assets exceeds the fair value of the assets. The Company reviews its equity method investments to determine whether there has been a decline in the estimated fair value of the investment that is below the Company's carrying value which is other-than-temporary. Other than consideration of past and current performance, these reviews take into account forecasted earnings which are based on management's estimates of future performance. Provisionally Priced Commodity Contracts Accounts payable includes certain amounts related to commodity purchases for which, even though the Company has taken ownership and possession of the commodity the final purchase price has not been fully established. If the futures and basis components are unpriced, it is referred to as a delayed price payable. If the futures component has not been established, but the basis has been set, it is referred to as a basis payable. The unpriced portion of these payables will be exposed to changes in the fair value of the underlying commodity based on quoted prices on commodity exchanges (or basis levels). Those payables that are fully priced are not considered derivative instruments. The Company also enters into contracts with customers for risk management purposes that allow the customers to effectively unprice the futures component of their inventory for a period of time, subjecting the commodities to market fluctuations. The Company records an asset or liability for the market value changes of the commodities over the life of the contracts based on quoted exchange prices. See Note 11 for additional discussion on these instruments. Stock-Based Compensation Stock-based compensation expense for all stock-based compensation awards is based on the estimated grant-date fair value. The Company recognizes these compensation costs on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of the award, adjusted for revisions to performance expectations. Additional information about the Company's stock compensation plans is presented in Note 17 to the Consolidated Financial Statements. Deferred Compensation Liability Included in accrued expenses are $6.7 million and $7.5 million at December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively, of deferred compensation for certain employees who, due to Internal Revenue Service guidelines, may not take full advantage of the Company's qualified defined contribution plan. Assets funding this plan are recorded at fair value in other current assets with changes in the fair value recorded in earnings as a component of other income, net. Changes in the fair value of the deferred compensation liability are reflected in earnings as a component of operating, administrative, and general expenses. 47 Revenue Recognition The Company’s revenue consists of sales from commodity contracts that are accounted for under ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging (ASC 815), rental revenues from leases that are accounted for under ASC 842, Leases, and sales of other products and services that are accounted for under ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (ASC 606). Revenue from commodity contracts (ASC 815) Revenue from commodity contracts primarily relates to forward sales of commodities in the Company’s Trade and Ethanol segments, such as corn, soybeans, wheat, oats, ethanol, and corn oil, which are accounted for as derivatives at fair value under ASC 815. These forward sales meet the definition of a derivative under ASC 815 as they have an underlying (e.g. the price of corn), a notional amount (e.g. metric tons), no initial net investment and can be net settled since the commodity is readily convertible to cash. The Company does not apply the normal purchase and normal sale exception available under ASC 815 to these contracts. Revenue from commodity contracts is recognized in Sales and merchandising revenues for the contractually stated amount when the contracts are settled. Settlement of the commodity contracts generally occurs upon shipment or delivery of the product, when title and risks and rewards of ownership transfers to the customer. Prior to settlement, these forward sales contracts are recognized at fair value with the unrealized gains or losses recorded within Cost of sales and merchandising revenues. Additional information about the fair value of the Company's commodity derivatives is presented in Notes 5 and 11 to the Consolidated Financial Statements. There are certain transactions that allow for pricing to occur after title of the goods has passed to the customer. In these cases, the Company continues to report the goods in inventory until it recognizes the sales revenue once the price has been determined. Direct ship commodity sales (where the Company never takes physical possession of the commodity) are recognized based on the terms of the contract. Certain of the Company's operations provide for customer billings, deposits or prepayments for product that is stored at the Company's facilities. The sales and gross profit related to these transactions are not recognized until the product is shipped in accordance with the previously stated revenue recognition policy and these amounts are classified as a current liability titled “Customer prepayments and deferred revenue”. Revenue from leases (ASC 842) The Company has a diversified fleet of car types (boxcars, gondolas, covered and open top hopper cars, flat cars, tank cars and pressure differential cars), locomotives and barges serving a broad customer base. While most of these assets are owned by the Company, it also leases assets from financial intermediaries through sale-leaseback transactions, the majority of which involve operating leases. The Company's Rail Group leases these assets to customers under operating leases, which includes managing the assets for third parties. In exchange for conveying the right to use these railcars to the lessee, the Company receives a fixed monthly rental payment, which is typically expressed on a “per car” basis in the lease agreement. Revenue from these arrangements is recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. Certain of the Company's leases include monthly lease fees that are contingent upon some measure of usage (“per diem” leases). This monthly usage is tracked, billed and collected by third-party service providers and funds are generally remitted to the Company along with usage data three months after they are earned. The Company records lease revenue for these per diem arrangements based on recent historical usage patterns and records a true-up adjustment when the actual data is received. Such true-up adjustments were not significant for any period presented. Revenue related to railcar or other asset servicing and maintenance contracts is recognized over the term of the lease or service contract. 48 Revenue from contracts with customers (ASC 606) Revenue from contracts with customers accounted for under ASC 606 is primarily generated in the Plant Nutrient segment through the sale of agricultural and related plant nutrients, corncob-based products, pelleted lime and gypsum products. The Company recognizes revenue from these contracts at a point in time when it satisfies a performance obligation by transferring control of a product to a customer, generally when legal title and risks and rewards of ownership transfer to the customer. Additional information regarding our revenue recognition policy under ASC 606 is presented in Note 7 to the Consolidated Financial Statements. Rail Lease Accounting The Company recognizes a right of use asset and a corresponding lease liability equal to the present value of the remaining minimum lease payments related to both its operating and finance rail leases. Additional information about leasing activities is presented in Note 14 to the Consolidated Financial Statements. Income Taxes Income tax expense for each period includes current tax expense plus deferred expense, which is related to the change in deferred income tax assets and liabilities. Deferred income taxes are provided for temporary differences between the financial reporting basis and the tax basis of assets and liabilities and are measured using enacted tax rates and laws governing periods in which the differences are expected to reverse. The Company evaluates the realizability of deferred tax assets and provides a valuation allowance for amounts that management does not believe are more likely than not to be recoverable, as applicable. The annual effective tax rate is determined by income tax expense from continuing operations as a percentage of pretax book income. Differences in the effective tax rate and the statutory tax rate may be due to permanent items, tax credits, foreign tax rates and state tax rates in jurisdictions in which the Company operates, or changes in valuation allowances. The Company records reserves for uncertain tax positions when, despite the belief that tax return positions are fully supportable, it is anticipated that certain tax return positions are likely to be challenged and that the Company may not prevail. These reserves are adjusted for changing facts and circumstances, such as the progress of a tax audit or the lapse of statutes of limitations. Additional information about the Company’s income taxes is presented in Note 8 to the Consolidated Financial Statements. Employee Benefit Plans The Company provides full-time employees hired before January 1, 2003 with postretirement health care benefits. In order to measure the expense and funded status of these employee benefit plans, management makes several estimates and assumptions, including employee turnover rates, anticipated mortality rates and anticipated future healthcare cost trends. These estimates and assumptions are based on the Company's historical experience combined with management's knowledge and understanding of current facts and circumstances. The selection of the discount rate is based on an index given projected plan payouts. Additional information about the Company's employee benefit plans is presented in Note 6 to the Consolidated Financial Statements. Advertising Advertising costs are expensed as incurred. Advertising expense of $2.5 million, $1.9 million and $2.5 million in 2019, 2018, and 2017, respectively, is included in operating, administrative and general expenses. Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements In February 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") (No. 2016-02, Leases (ASC 842). The FASB issued subsequent amendments to the initial guidance in July 2018 with ASU 2018-10 and in August 2018 with ASU 2018-11. ASC 842 supersedes the current accounting for leases. The new standard, while retaining two distinct types of leases, finance and operating, (i) requires lessees to record a right of use asset and a related liability for the rights and obligations associated with a lease, regardless of lease classification, and recognize lease expense in a manner similar to current accounting, (ii) eliminates current real estate specific lease provisions, (iii) modifies the lease 49 classification criteria and (iv) aligns many of the underlying lessor model principles with those in the new revenue standard. Effective January 1, 2019, the Company adopted the standard using the Comparative Under ASC 840 method, which requires lease assets and liabilities to be recognized in the 2019 balance sheet and statement of equity and forgo the comparative reporting requirements under the modified retrospective transition method. The Company also made an accounting policy election to keep short-term leases less than twelve months off the balance sheet for all classes of underlying assets, as well as elected to use the practical expedient that allows the combination of lease and non-lease contract components in all of its underlying asset categories. In addition, the Company elected to apply the package of practical expedients that allows entities to forego reassessing at the transition date: (1) whether any expired or existing contracts are or contain leases; (2) lease classification for any expired or existing leases; and (3) whether unamortized initial direct costs for existing leases meet the definition of initial direct costs under the new guidance. See Note 14 for additional information. In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-02, Income Statement-Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income, which allows companies to reclassify stranded income tax effects resulting from the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act from accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings in their consolidated financial statements. The Company adopted this standard in the current year which did not have a material impact on its financial statements or disclosures. Recent Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Effective In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-15, Intangibles-Goodwill and Other-Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Customer’s Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement that is a Service Contract. This ASU reduces the complexity of accounting for costs of implementing a cloud computing service arrangement. This standard aligns the accounting for implementation costs of hosting arrangements, regardless of whether they convey a license to the hosted software. The guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. We have evaluated the impact of this new standard on our consolidated financial statements noting it is not material. Early adoption is permitted, but the Company does not plan to do so. In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. The FASB issued subsequent amendments to the initial guidance in November 2018, April 2019 and May 2019 with ASU 2018-19, ASU 2019-04 and ASU 2019-05, respectively. This update changes the accounting for credit losses on loans and held-to-maturity debt securities and requires a current expected credit loss (CECL) approach to determine the allowance for credit losses. This includes allowances for trade receivables. We have evaluated the impact of this new standard on our consolidated financial statements noting it is not expected to be material. The guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019 with a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the beginning of the year of adoption. Early adoption is permitted, but the Company does not plan to do so. 2. Inventories Major classes of inventories are as follows: (in thousands) Grain and other agricultural products Frac sand and propane Ethanol and co-products Plant nutrients and cob products Railcar repair parts December 31, 2019 2018 907,482 $ 527,471 15,438 95,432 146,164 6,020 1,170,536 $ — 11,918 145,693 5,722 690,804 $ $ Inventories on the Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2019 do not include 6.4 million bushels of grain held in storage for others. Grain and other agricultural product inventories held in storage for others was de minimis as of December 31, 2018. The Company does not have title to the inventory and is only liable for any deficiencies in grade or shortage of quantity that may arise during the storage period. Management has not experienced historical losses on any deficiencies and does not anticipate material losses in the future. 50 3. Property, Plant and Equipment The components of property, plant and equipment are as follows: (in thousands) Land Land improvements and leasehold improvements Buildings and storage facilities Machinery and equipment Construction in progress Less: accumulated depreciation December 31, 2019 2018 $ 40,442 $ 103,148 373,961 835,156 59,993 1,412,700 474,282 $ 938,418 $ 29,739 68,826 284,998 393,640 102,394 879,597 402,886 476,711 Capitalized interest totaled $2.2 million and $1.7 million for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Depreciation expense on property, plant and equipment amounted to $82.3 million, $46.5 million and $48.3 million for the years ended 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively. In December 2019, the Company recorded charges of $32.3 million for impairment of property, plant and equipment in the Trade segment related to its frac sand assets. The Company also recorded a $3.7 million impairment of property, plant, and equipment in the Trade segment related to its Tennessee grain assets, of which $3.1 million was recorded in the second quarter. In June 2018, the Company recorded charges totaling $1.6 million for impairment of property, plant and equipment in the Trade segment related to assets that were reclassified as assets held for sale at June 30, 2018 and were sold in the third quarter. In December 2017, the Company recorded charges totaling $10.9 million for impairment of property, plant and equipment in the Trade segment, of which $5.6 million relates to assets that were deemed held and used and $5.3 million related to assets that had been reclassified as held for sale at December 31, 2017. These assets were then sold during 2018. Rail Group Assets The components of the Rail Group assets leased to others are as follows: (in thousands) Rail Group assets leased to others Less: accumulated depreciation December 31, 2019 2018 $ $ 723,004 $ 138,706 584,298 $ 640,349 118,564 521,785 Depreciation expense on Rail Group assets leased to others amounted to $28.5 million, $24.7 million and $20.0 million for the years ended 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively. In June 2018, the Company recorded charges of $4.7 million for impairment of Rail Group assets leased to others that had been reclassified as assets held for sale at June 30, 2018. These assets were sold during the second half of 2018. 51 4. Debt The Company’s short-term and long-term debt at December 31, 2019 and 2018 consisted of the following: (in thousands) Short-term Debt – Non-Recourse Short-term Debt – Recourse Total Short-term Debt Current Maturities of Long-term Debt – Non-Recourse Current Maturities of Long-term Debt – Recourse Finance lease liability Total Current Maturities of Long-term Debt Long-term Debt, Less: Current Maturities – Non-Recourse Long-term Debt, Less: Current Maturities – Recourse Finance lease liability Total Long-term Debt, Less: Current Maturities December 31, 2019 2018 $ 54,029 $ 93,002 147,031 9,250 36,013 17,636 62,899 329,891 664,856 21,501 $ 1,016,248 $ — 205,000 205,000 4,842 16,747 — 21,589 146,353 349,834 — 496,187 On January 2, 2019, in conjunction with the LTG acquisition, the Company assumed a revolving line of credit and a term loan with a syndicate of banks, which are non-recourse to the Company. The credit agreement provides the Company with a maximum availability of $184.8 million and had $130.8 million available for borrowing on this line of credit as of December 31, 2019. Any borrowings under the line of credit bear interest at variable rates, which are based on LIBOR or Bankers’ Acceptances plus an applicable spread. The maturity date for the revolving line of credit is June 26, 2023. The term note assumed in conjunction with the LTG acquisition was non-recourse to the Company with a syndicate of banks and had a balance of $15.5 million at December 31, 2019. The interest rate for the term loan was 4.51% as of December 31, 2019 and is based on LIBOR plus an applicable spread. Payments on the term loans are made on a quarterly basis. On January 11, 2019, the Company entered into a 5-year recourse term loan in the amount of $250 million and a 7-year recourse term loan of $250 million. A portion of the term loans were used to pay down debt assumed in the LTG acquisition. Interest rates are based on LIBOR plus an applicable spread. At December 31, 2019, the interest rates for the 5-year and 7-year term loan were 3.13% and 3.38%, respectively. Payments on the term loans are made on a quarterly basis. On October 1, 2019, in conjunction with the TAMH Merger Agreement, TAMH, a consolidated subsidiary of the Company, entered into a non-recourse Credit Agreement that included a $70 million term note and a $130 million revolving credit facility. Borrowings under the Credit Agreement bear interest at variable interest rates, which are based on LIBOR plus an applicable spread. Payments on the term loan will be made on a quarterly basis. As of December 31, 2019, no amounts were drawn on either the term loan or revolving credit facility. Effective November 14, 2019, the Company entered into a 15-year loan agreement in the amount of $105 million, of which $73 million of the proceeds were used to extinguish existing long-term debt. The remainder of the proceeds were used to pay down a portion of outstanding line of credit borrowings. The agreement was secured by first mortgages on certain real and personal property held by the Company. Borrowings under the agreement bear a fixed interest rate of 4.50% and payments of principal and interest will be made on a quarterly basis. The Company was in compliance with all financial covenants at and during the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018. At December 31, 2019, the Company had short-term lines of credit capacity totaling $1,507.8 million, of which $1,281.4 million was unused. The weighted average interest rates on short-term borrowings outstanding at December 31, 2019 and 2018, were 3.24% and 3.32%, respectively. 52 Long-Term Debt Recourse Long-Term Debt (in thousands, except percentages) Note payable, variable rate (3.38% at December 31, 2019), payable in increasing amounts plus interest, due 2026 $ Note payable, variable rate (3.13% at December 31, 2019), payable in increasing amounts plus interest, due 2024 Note payable, 4.50%, payable at maturity, due 2034 (a) Note payable, 4.07%, payable at maturity, due 2021 Note payable, 4.85%, payable at maturity, due 2026 Note payable, 4.55%, payable at maturity, due 2023 Note payable, 3.33%, payable in increasing amounts plus interest, due 2025 (a) Note payable, 3.29%, payable in increasing amounts plus interest, due 2022 (a) Note payable, 4.50%, payable at maturity, due 2030 Note payable, 5.00%, payable at maturity, due 2040 Note payable, variable rate (3.43% at December 31, 2019), payable quarterly, due 2024 (a) Line of credit, variable rate, paid 2019 Note payable, 4.92%, payable in increasing amounts, plus interest, paid 2019 (a) Note payable, 4.23%, payable in increasing amounts plus interest, paid 2019 (a) Note payable, 4.76%, payable in increasing amounts plus interest, paid 2019 (a) Note payable, variable rate, payable in increasing amounts plus interest, paid 2019 (a) Note payable, variable rate, payable in increasing amounts plus interest, paid 2019 (a) Note payable, 4.76%, payable in increasing amounts plus interest, paid 2019 (a) Industrial development revenue bonds: Variable rate (3.41% at December 31, 2019), payable at maturity, due 2036 Variable rate (3.44% at December 31, 2019), payable at maturity, due 2025 (a) Variable rate, paid 2019 (a) Debenture bonds, 2.65% to 5.00%, payable in increasing amounts plus interest, due 2020 through 2031 Finance lease obligations, due serially to 2030 (a) Less: current maturities Less: unamortized prepaid debt issuance costs December 31, 2019 2018 237,500 $ 157,500 105,000 26,000 25,000 24,000 23,780 17,497 16,000 14,000 12,250 — — — — — — — 21,000 3,100 — 26,075 38,482 747,184 53,353 7,833 — — — 26,000 25,000 24,000 24,888 18,918 16,000 14,000 13,250 50,000 16,227 9,948 44,330 16,452 8,417 8,288 21,000 3,100 4,650 27,323 — 371,791 16,747 5,210 349,834 (a) Debt is collateralized by first mortgages on certain facilities and related equipment or other assets with a book value $435.8 million. $ 685,998 $ The aggregate annual maturities of recourse, long-term debt are as follows: 2020 -- $53.4 million; 2021 -- $66.6 million; 2022 -- $49.9 million; 2023 -- $58.6 million; 2024 -- $135.4 million; and $383.3 million thereafter. 53 Non-Recourse Long-Term Debt The Company's non-recourse long-term debt consists of the following: (in thousands) Line of credit, 3.76%, payable at maturity, due 2021 Note Payable, variable rate (4.92% at December 31, 2019), payable at maturity, due 2026 Industrial revenue bond, variable rate (3.44% at December 31, 2019), payable at maturity, due 2032 (a) Note payable, variable rate (4.51% at December 31, 2019), payable in increasing amounts plus interest, due 2023 Non-recourse financing obligations, 3.60% to 4.94%, payable at maturity, due 2020 through 2026 Finance lease obligations, due serially to 2023 Less: current maturities Less: unamortized prepaid debt issuance costs December 31, 2019 2018 $ 180,000 $ 118,000 66,094 49,500 15,465 28,855 655 340,569 9,545 774 $ 330,250 $ — — — 34,019 — 152,019 4,842 824 146,353 The aggregate annual maturities of non-recourse, long-term debt are as follows: 2020 - $9.5 million; 2021 -- $188.1 million; 2022 -- $22.0 million; 2023 - - $19.0 million; 2024 -- $12.1 million; and $89.9 million thereafter. 5. Derivatives Commodity Contracts The Company’s operating results are affected by changes to commodity prices. The Trade and Ethanol businesses have established “unhedged” position limits (the amount of a commodity, either owned or contracted for, that does not have an offsetting derivative contract to lock in the price). To reduce the exposure to market price risk on commodities owned and forward purchase and sale contracts, the Company enters into exchange traded commodity futures and options contracts and over-the-counter forward and option contracts with various counterparties. These contracts are primarily traded via regulated commodity exchanges. The Company’s forward purchase and sales contracts are for physical delivery of the commodity in a future period. Contracts to purchase commodities from producers generally relate to the current or future crop years for delivery periods quoted by regulated commodity exchanges. Contracts for the sale of commodities to processors or other commercial consumers generally do not extend beyond one year. Most of these contracts meet the definition of derivatives. While the Company considers its commodity contracts to be effective economic hedges, the Company does not designate or account for its commodity contracts as hedges as defined under current accounting standards. The Company primarily accounts for its commodity derivatives at estimated fair value. The estimated fair value of the commodity derivative contracts that require the receipt or posting of cash collateral is recorded on a net basis (offset against cash collateral posted or received, also known as margin deposits) within commodity derivative assets or liabilities. Management determines fair value based on exchange-quoted prices and in the case of its forward purchase and sale contracts, estimated fair value is adjusted for differences in local markets and non-performance risk. For contracts for which physical delivery occurs, balance sheet classification is based on estimated delivery date. For futures, options and over-the-counter contracts in which physical delivery is not expected to occur but, rather, the contract is expected to be net settled, the Company classifies these contracts as current or noncurrent assets or liabilities, as appropriate, based on the Company’s expectations as to when such contracts will be settled. Realized and unrealized gains and losses in the value of commodity contracts (whether due to changes in commodity prices, changes in performance or credit risk, or due to sale, maturity or extinguishment of the commodity contract) and grain inventories are included in cost of sales and merchandising revenues. Generally accepted accounting principles permit a party to a master netting arrangement to offset fair value amounts recognized for derivative instruments against the right to reclaim cash collateral or obligation to return cash collateral under the same master netting arrangement. The Company has master netting arrangements for its exchange traded futures and options 54 contracts and certain over-the-counter contracts. When the Company enters into a future, option or an over-the-counter contract, an initial margin deposit may be required by the counterparty. The amount of the margin deposit varies by commodity. If the market price of a future, option or an over-the-counter contract moves in a direction that is adverse to the Company’s position, an additional margin deposit, called a maintenance margin, is required. The margin deposit assets and liabilities are included in short-term commodity derivative assets or liabilities, as appropriate, in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The following table presents at December 31, 2019 and 2018, a summary of the estimated fair value of the Company’s commodity derivative instruments that require cash collateral and the associated cash posted/received as collateral. The net asset or liability positions of these derivatives (net of their cash collateral) are determined on a counterparty-by-counterparty basis and are included within current or noncurrent commodity derivative assets (or liabilities) on the Consolidated Balance Sheets: (in thousands) Collateral paid Fair value of derivatives Balance at end of period December 31, 2019 December 31, 2018 Net Derivative Asset Position Net Derivative Liability Position Net Derivative Asset Position Net Derivative Liability Position $ $ 56,005 $ (10,323) 45,682 $ — $ — — $ 14,944 $ 22,285 37,229 $ — — — The following table presents, on a gross basis, current and noncurrent commodity derivative assets and liabilities: (in thousands) Commodity derivative assets Commodity derivative liabilities Cash collateral Balance sheet line item totals Commodity Derivative Assets - Current Commodity Derivative Assets - Noncurrent Commodity Derivative Liabilities - Current Commodity Derivative Liabilities - Noncurrent Total $ $ 92,429 $ (40,571) 56,005 107,863 $ 1,045 $ (96) — 949 $ 7,439 $ (54,381) — (46,942) $ 18 $ (523) — (505) $ 100,931 (95,571) 56,005 61,365 December 31, 2019 (in thousands) Commodity derivative assets Commodity derivative liabilities Cash collateral Balance sheet line item totals Commodity Derivative Assets - Current Commodity Derivative Assets - Noncurrent Commodity Derivative Liabilities - Current Commodity Derivative Liabilities - Noncurrent Total $ $ 43,463 $ (6,986) 14,944 51,421 $ 484 $ (4) — 706 $ (33,353) — 480 $ (32,647) $ 5 $ (894) — (889) $ 44,658 (41,237) 14,944 18,365 December 31, 2018 The net pre-tax gains on commodity derivatives not designated as hedging instruments included in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations and the line items in which they are located for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017 are as follows: (in thousands) Gains (Losses) on commodity derivatives included in Cost of sales and merchandising revenues 2019 $ 1,939 $ 2018 4,236 $ 2017 5,417 Year Ended December 31, 55 The Company had the following volume of commodity derivative contracts outstanding (on a gross basis) as of December 31, 2019 and 2018: Commodity (in thousands) Non-exchange traded: Corn Soybeans Wheat Oats Ethanol Corn oil Other Subtotal Exchange traded: Corn Soybeans Wheat Oats Ethanol Propane Other Subtotal Total Commodity (in thousands) Non-exchange traded: Corn Soybeans Wheat Oats Ethanol Corn oil Other Subtotal Exchange traded: Corn Soybeans Wheat Oats Ethanol Subtotal Total Number of Bushels Number of Gallons Number of Pounds Number of Tons December 31, 2019 552,359 34,912 100,996 24,700 — — 11,363 724,330 221,740 39,145 68,171 2,090 — — — 331,146 1,055,476 — — — — 116,448 — 4,000 120,448 — — — — 175,353 5,166 15 180,534 300,982 — — — — — 14,568 305 14,873 — — — — — — — — 14,873 — — — — — — 2,263 2,263 — — — — — — 232 232 2,495 Number of Bushels Number of Gallons Number of Pounds Number of Tons December 31, 2018 — — — — 244,863 — 2,000 246,863 — — — — 77,112 77,112 323,975 — — — — — 2,920 — 2,920 — — — — — — 2,920 — — — — — — 66 66 — — — — — — 66 250,408 22,463 14,017 26,230 — — 494 313,612 130,585 26,985 33,760 1,475 — 192,805 506,417 56 Interest Rate and Other Derivatives The Company periodically enters into interest rate contracts to manage interest rate risk on borrowing or financing activities. While the Company considers all of its interest rate derivative positions to be effective economic hedges of specified risks, these interest rate contracts are recorded on the balance sheet in other current assets or liabilities (if short-term in nature) or in other assets or other long-term liabilities (if non-current in nature) and changes in fair value are recognized currently in earnings as a component of interest expense. The Company also has foreign currency derivatives which are considered effective economic hedges of specified economic risks. At December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company had recorded the following amounts for the fair value of the Company's other derivatives: (in thousands) Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments December 31, 2019 2018 Interest rate contracts included in Other long-term assets (Other long-term liabilities) Foreign currency contracts included in Other current assets (Accrued expenses and other current liabilities) Derivatives designated as hedging instruments Interest rate contracts included in Other current assets (Accrued expenses and other current liabilities) Interest rate contracts included in Other long-term assets (Other long-term liabilities) $ $ (1,007) $ 2,742 (3,118) (9,382) $ The recording of derivatives gains and losses and the financial statement line item in which they are located are as follows: (in thousands) Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments Interest rate derivative gains (losses) included in Interest income (expense) Foreign currency derivative gains (losses) included in Other income, net Derivatives designated as hedging instruments Interest rate derivative gains (losses) included in Other comprehensive income Interest rate derivative gains (losses) included in Interest income (expense) Year ended December 31, 2019 2018 $ $ (718) $ (437) (12,398) (761) $ (353) (1,122) — (168) 1,115 (1,548) (168) 158 The following table presents the open interest rate contracts at December 31, 2019: Interest Rate Hedging Instrument Long-term Year Entered Year of Maturity Initial Notional Amount (in millions) Hedged Item Swap Collar Swap Swap Swap Swap Swap Swap Swap Swap * * * 2014 2016 2017 2018 2018 2018 2019 2019 2019 2019 2023 2021 2022 2023 2025 2021 2021 2021 2025 2025 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 23.0 Interest rate component of debt - not accounted for as a hedge 40.0 Interest rate component of debt - not accounted for as a hedge 20.0 Interest rate component of debt - accounted for as a hedge 10.0 Interest rate component of debt - accounted for as a hedge 20.0 Interest rate component of debt - accounted for as a hedge 40.0 Interest rate component of debt - accounted for as a hedge 25.0 Interest rate component of debt - accounted for as a hedge 50.0 Interest rate component of debt - accounted for as a hedge 100.0 Interest rate component of debt - accounted for as a hedge 50.0 Interest rate component of debt - accounted for as a hedge Swap * Acquired on 1/1/2019 in conjunction with the acquisition of LTG. 2025 2019 $ 50.0 Interest rate component of debt - accounted for as a hedge 57 Interest Rate 1.9% 3.5% to 4.8% 1.8% 2.6% 2.7% 2.6% 2.5% 2.5% 2.5% 2.5% 2.5% 6. Employee Benefit Plans The Company provides certain full-time employees with pension benefits under defined benefit and defined contribution plans. The measurement date for all plans is December 31. The Company's expense for its defined contribution plans amounted to $8.8 million in 2019, $7.2 million in 2018 and $7.3 million in 2017. The Company also provides health insurance benefits to certain employees and retirees. The Company has an unfunded noncontributory defined benefit pension plan. The plan provides defined benefits based on years of service and average monthly compensation using a career average formula. Pension benefits were frozen at July 1, 2010. The Company also has postretirement health care benefit plans covering substantially all of its full-time employees hired prior to January 1, 2003. These plans are generally contributory and include a cap on the Company's share of the related costs. Obligation and Funded Status Following are the details of the obligation and funded status of the pension and postretirement benefit plans: (in thousands) Change in benefit obligation Benefit obligation at beginning of year Service cost Interest cost Actuarial (gains) losses Participant contributions Retiree drug subsidy received Benefits paid Benefit obligation at end of year (in thousands) Change in plan assets Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year Actual gains on plan assets Company contributions Participant contributions Benefits paid Fair value of plan assets at end of year Under funded status of plans at end of year Pension Benefits Postretirement Benefits 2019 2018 2019 2018 4,362 $ 5,832 $ 20,638 $ 22,602 — 116 44 — — — 130 (282) — — (1,434) 3,088 $ (1,318) 4,362 $ 365 854 4,687 297 — (1,969) 24,872 $ 319 752 (1,623) 145 125 (1,682) 20,638 Pension Benefits Postretirement Benefits 2019 2018 2019 2018 — $ — 1,434 — (1,434) — $ — 1,318 — (1,318) — $ — 1,672 297 (1,969) — $ — $ — $ — — 1,537 145 (1,682) — (3,088) $ (4,362) $ (24,872) $ (20,638) $ $ $ $ $ Amounts recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2019 and 2018 consist of: (in thousands) Accrued expenses Employee benefit plan obligations Net amount recognized Pension Benefits Postretirement Benefits 2019 2018 2019 2018 $ $ 1,309 $ 1,779 3,088 $ 1,516 $ 2,846 4,362 $ 1,292 $ 23,580 24,872 $ 1,162 19,476 20,638 58 Following are the details of the pre-tax amounts recognized in accumulated other comprehensive loss at December 31, 2019: (in thousands) Balance at beginning of year Amounts arising during the period Amounts recognized as a component of net periodic benefit cost Balance at end of year Pension Benefits Postretirement Benefits Unamortized Actuarial Net Losses Unamortized Prior Service Costs Unamortized Actuarial Net Losses Unamortized Prior Service Costs $ $ 3,222 $ 44 (232) 3,034 $ — $ — — — $ (9,129) $ 4,687 — (4,442) $ 1,365 — 911 2,276 Amounts applicable to the Company's defined benefit plans with accumulated benefit obligations in excess of plan assets are as follows: (in thousands) Projected benefit obligation Accumulated benefit obligation December 31, 2019 2018 $ $ 3,088 $ 3,088 $ 4,362 4,362 The combined benefits expected to be paid for all Company defined benefit plans over the next ten years are as follows: (in thousands) 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025-2029 Following are components of the net periodic benefit cost for each year: Expected Pension Benefit Payout Expected Postretirement Benefit Payout $ 1,309 $ 1,006 250 208 208 211 1,292 1,341 1,356 1,364 1,360 6,867 (in thousands) Service cost Interest cost Expected return on plan assets Recognized net actuarial loss Benefit cost (income) Pension Benefits December 31, Postretirement Benefits December 31, 2019 2018 2017 2019 2018 2017 $ $ — $ — $ — $ 365 $ 319 $ 116 — 232 130 — 243 155 — 252 854 (911) — 752 (910) — 348 $ 373 $ 407 $ 308 $ 161 $ 391 985 (455) — 921 59 Following are weighted average assumptions of pension and postretirement benefits for each year: Used to Determine Benefit Obligations at Measurement Date Discount rate (a) Used to Determine Net Periodic Benefit Cost for Years ended December 31 Discount rate (b) Expected long-term return on plan assets Postretirement Benefits 2019 2018 2017 3.0% 4.1% 3.4% 4.1% — 3.4% — 3.7% — Rate of compensation increases (a) The calculated rate for the unfunded employee retirement plan was 2.00%, 3.20% and 2.50% in 2019, 2018, and 2017, respectively. Since it was terminated in 2015, the defined benefit pension — — — plan did not have a discount rate during the three-year period presented above. (b) The calculated rate for the unfunded employee retirement plan was 3.20%, 2.50% and 2.40% in 2019, 2018, and 2017, respectively. Since it was terminated in 2015, the defined benefit pension plan did not have a discount rate during the three-year period presented above. Assumed Health Care Cost Trend Rates at Beginning of Year Health care cost trend rate assumed for next year Rate to which the cost trend rate is assumed to decline (the ultimate trend rate) (a) Year that the rate reaches the ultimate trend rate (a) 2019 2018 3.0% N/A N/A 3.0% N/A N/A (a) In 2017, the Company's remaining uncapped participants were converted to a Medicare Exchange Health Reimbursement Arrangement, which put a 2% cap on the Company's share of the related costs. 7. Revenue Many of the Company’s revenues are generated from contracts that are outside the scope of ASC 606 and thus are accounted for under other accounting standards. Specifically, many of the Company's Trade and Ethanol sales contracts are derivatives under ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging and the Rail Group's leasing revenue is accounted for under ASC 842, Leases. The breakdown of revenues between ASC 606 and other standards is as follows: (in thousands) Revenues under ASC 606 Revenues under ASC 842 Revenues under ASC 815 Total Revenues For the Year Ended December 31, 2019 $ 1,391,848 $ 118,411 6,659,932 $ 8,170,191 $ 2018 898,885 105,631 2,040,866 3,045,382 The remainder of this note applies only to those revenues that are accounted for under ASC 606. Disaggregation of revenue The following tables disaggregate revenues under ASC 606 by major product/service line: (in thousands) Specialty nutrients Primary nutrients Service Products and Co-products Frac sand and propane Other Total For the Year Ended December 31, 2019 Trade Ethanol Plant Nutrient Rail Total $ 46,065 $ 33,612 13,108 217,297 238,100 8,634 — $ — 8,775 131,178 — 860 239,051 $ 377,648 4,202 — — — $ — 36,926 — — 25,829 10,563 285,116 411,260 63,011 348,475 238,100 45,886 $ 556,816 $ 140,813 $ 646,730 $ 47,489 $ 1,391,848 60 (in thousands) Specialty nutrients Primary nutrients Service Products and Co-products Other Total For the Year Ended December 31, 2018 Trade Ethanol Plant Nutrient Rail Total $ $ — $ — 11,347 — 1,035 — $ — 260,821 $ 399,566 14,105 114,489 — 4,411 — 25,738 12,382 $ 128,594 $ 690,536 $ — $ — 35,179 — 32,194 67,373 $ 260,821 399,566 65,042 114,489 58,967 898,885 For the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, approximately 4% and 7% of revenues, respectively, are accounted for under ASC 606 are recorded over time which primarily relates to service revenues noted above. Specialty and primary nutrients The Company sells several different types of specialty nutrient products, including: low-salt liquid starter fertilizers, micro-nutrients and other specialty lawn products. These products can be sold through the wholesale distribution channels as well as directly to end users at the farm center locations. Similarly, the Company sells several different types of primary nutrient products, including nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. These products may be purchased and re- sold as is or sold as finished goods resulting from a blending and manufacturing process. The contracts associated with specialty and primary nutrients generally have just a single performance obligation, as the Company has elected the accounting policy to consider shipping and handling costs as fulfillment costs. Revenue is recognized when control of the product has passed to the customer. Payment terms generally range from 0 - 30 days. Service Service revenues primarily relate to the railcar repair business. The Company owns several railcar repair shops which repair railcars through specific contracts with customers or by operating as an agent for a particular railroad to repair cars that are on its rail line per Association of American Railroads (“AAR”) standards. These contracts contain a single performance obligation which is to complete the requested and/or required repairs on the railcars. As the customer simultaneously receives and consumes the benefit of the repair work we perform, revenue for these contracts is recognized over time. The Company uses an input-based measure of progress using costs incurred to total expected costs as that is the measure that most faithfully depicts our progress towards satisfying our performance obligation. Upon completion of the work, the invoice is sent to the customer, with payment terms that generally range from 0 - 30 days. Products and Co-products In addition to the ethanol sales contracts that are considered derivative instruments, the Ethanol Group sells several other co-products that remain subject to ASC 606, including E-85, DDGs, syrups and renewable identification numbers (“RINs”). RINs are credits for compliance with the Environmental Protection Agency's Renewable Fuel Standard program and are created by renewable fuel producers. Contracts for these co-products generally have a single performance obligation, as the Company has elected the accounting policy to consider shipping and handling costs as fulfillment costs. Revenue is recognized when control of the product has passed to the customer which follows shipping terms on the contract. Payment terms generally range from 5 - 15 days. Frac Sand and Propane Our sand products and propane products are primarily sold to United States customers in the energy industry. We recognize revenue at a point in time when obligations under the terms of a contract with our customer are satisfied. This occurs with the transfer of control of our products to customers when products are shipped for direct sales to customers or when the product is picked up by a customer either at our plant location or transload location. Our contracts contain one performance obligation which is the delivery to the customer at a point in time. Revenue is measured as the amount of consideration we expect to receive in exchange for transferring products. We recognize the cost for shipping as an expense in cost of sales when control over the product has transferred to the customer. Payment terms generally range from 0 - 30 days. 61 The Company recorded revenues under ASC 842 consisting of $105.1 million of operating lease revenue, $8.0 million of sales-type lease revenue and $5.3 million of variable lease revenue for the year ended December 31, 2019. Contract balances The opening and closing balances of the Company’s contract liabilities are as follows: (in thousands) Balance at January 1 Balance at December 31 2019 2018 $ 28,858 $ 28,467 25,520 28,858 The difference between the opening and closing balances of the Company’s contract liabilities primarily results from the timing difference between the Company’s performance and the customer’s payment. Contract liabilities relate to the Plant Nutrient business for payments received in advance of fulfilling our performance obligations under our customer contracts. Contract liabilities are built up at year-end and through the first quarter as a result of payments in advance of fulfilling our performance obligations under our customer contracts in preparation for the spring planting season. The contract liabilities are then relieved as obligations are met through the year and begin to build in preparation for a new season as we approach year-end. 8. Income Taxes Income tax provision (benefit) applicable to continuing operations consists of the following: (in thousands) Current: Federal State and local Foreign Deferred: Federal State and local Foreign Total: Federal State and local Foreign Income (loss) before income taxes from continuing operations consists of the following: (in thousands) U.S. Foreign 62 $ $ $ Year ended December 31, 2019 2018 2017 $ 1,079 $ (549) $ 1,215 4,361 6,655 4,409 1,925 62 6,396 5,488 3,140 4,423 323 1,138 912 10,073 578 367 11,018 9,525 901 1,505 13,051 $ 11,931 $ (1,668) 643 1,125 100 (61,655) (2,107) 528 (63,234) (63,323) (1,464) 1,653 (63,134) Year ended December 31, 2019 2018 2017 18,982 $ 9,129 28,111 $ 46,678 $ 6,478 53,156 $ (25,645) 5,120 (20,525) A reconciliation from the statutory U.S. federal tax rate to the effective tax rate follows: Statutory U.S. federal tax rate Increase (decrease) in rate resulting from: Acquisition related permanent item Federal income tax credits State and local income taxes, net of related federal taxes Equity method investments Nondeductible compensation Impact of unrecognized tax benefits Effect of noncontrolling interest Change in federal and state tax rates Income taxes on foreign earnings Tax effect of GILTI Other, net Impacts related to the 2017 Tax Act Goodwill impairment Tax associated with accrued and unpaid dividends Effective tax rate Year ended December 31, 2019 2018 2017 21.0 % 21.0 % 35.0 % 24.0 (23.2) 7.3 5.7 4.6 3.9 2.4 2.1 (0.6) 0.4 (1.2) — — — 46.4 % — (3.4) 3.4 1.1 1.5 (0.1) 0.1 (2.1) (1.5) 1.4 0.5 0.6 — — 22.5 % — — (4.2) (0.4) (2.5) 3.0 0.2 374.8 (2.2) — 4.4 (7.1) (93.5) 0.1 307.6 % Net income taxes of $2.0 million were paid in 2019, net income tax refunds of $5.4 million were received in 2018, and net income taxes of $2.1 million were paid in 2017. Significant components of the Company's deferred tax liabilities and assets are as follows: (in thousands) Deferred tax liabilities: December 31, 2019 2018 Property, plant and equipment and Rail Group assets leased to others $ (149,317) $ (169,558) Identifiable intangibles Investments Other Deferred tax assets: Employee benefits Accounts and notes receivable Inventory Federal income tax credits Identifiable intangibles Net operating loss carryforwards Deferred interest (a) Lease liability Other Total deferred tax assets less: Valuation allowance Net deferred tax liabilities (13,736) (41,354) (10,228) (214,635) 20,583 3,577 2,437 12,005 — 5,259 2,385 11,072 12,093 69,411 931 68,480 — (24,732) (7,999) (202,289) 13,161 2,069 7,595 13,075 1,213 12,766 6,476 8,473 8,839 73,667 1,185 72,482 $ (146,155) $ (129,807) (a) The deferred interest tax asset represents disallowed interest deductions under IRC Section 163(j) (Limitation on Deduction for interest on Certain Indebtedness) for the current year. The disallowed interest is able to be carried forward indefinitely and utilized in future years pursuant to IRC Section 163(j)). 63 On December 31, 2019, the Company had $11.0 million, $64.7 million and $1.0 million of U.S. Federal, state and non-U.S. net operating loss carryforwards that begin to expire in 2034, 2020 and 2035, respectively. The Company also has $11.4 million of general business credits that expire after 2036 and $0.4 million of foreign tax credits that begin to expire after 2027. Additionally, the company has elected to treat Global Intangible Low Tax Income (“GILTI”), as a period cost and, therefore, has not recognized deferred taxes for basis differences that may reverse as GILTI tax in future years. As of December 31, 2019, this resulted in a net financial statement expense of $0.1 million for the year. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. If it is more-likely-than-not that the deferred tax asset will be realized, no valuation allowance is recorded. Management's judgment is required in determining the provision for income taxes, deferred tax assets and liabilities and the valuation allowance recorded against the net deferred tax assets. The valuation allowance would need to be adjusted in the event future taxable income is materially different than amounts estimated. Significant judgments, estimates and factors considered by management in its determination of the probability of the realization of deferred tax assets include: • • • • Historical operating results Expectations of future earnings Tax planning strategies; and The extended period of time over which retirement, medical, and pension liabilities will be paid. Our unrecognized tax benefits represent tax positions for which reserves have been established. At the end of 2019, 2018 and 2017, if our unrecognized tax benefits were recognized in future periods, they would favorably impact our effective tax rate. A reconciliation of theses unrecognized tax benefits is as follows: (in thousands) Balance at January 1, 2017 Additions based on tax positions related to the current year Additions based on tax positions related to prior years Reductions based on tax positions related to prior years Reductions as a result of a lapse in statute of limitations Balance at December 31, 2017 Additions based on tax positions related to the current year Reductions based on tax positions related to prior years Reductions as a result of a lapse in statute of limitations Balance at December 31, 2018 Additions based on tax positions related to the current year Additions based on tax positions related to prior years Reductions based on tax positions related to prior years Reductions as a result of a lapse in statute of limitations Balance at December 31, 2019 $ $ 1,452 — — (92) (573) 787 — — (169) 618 1,766 20,649 (155) (463) 22,415 As of December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, the total amount of unrecognized tax benefits was $22.4 million, $0.6 million and $0.8 million, respectively, of which in 2019 the unrecognized tax benefits were primarily associated with R&D Credits. The Company’s practice is to recognize interest and penalties on uncertain tax positions in the provision for income taxes in the Consolidated Statement of Operations. At December 31, 2019 and 2018, the company recorded reserves of $2.1 million and $0.3 million, respectively, of interest and penalties on uncertain tax positions in the Consolidated Balance Sheet. 64 The Company files tax returns in multiple jurisdictions and is subject to examination by taxing authorities in the U.S., multiple foreign, state and local jurisdictions. The Company’s Mexican federal income tax return for tax year 2015 is currently under audit. One of the company’s subsidiary partnership returns is under audit by the IRS for 2015. It is reasonably possible that audit settlements, the conclusion of current examinations or the expiration of the statute of limitations could change the Company’s unrecognized tax benefits during the next twelve months. It is not possible to reasonably estimate the expected change to the total amount of unrecognized tax benefit in the next twelve months. In addition to the audits listed above, the company has open tax years primarily from 2013 to 2018 with various taxing jurisdictions, including the U.S., Canada, Mexico and the U.K. These open years contain matters that could be subject to differing interpretations of applicable tax laws and regulations as they relate to the amount, timing or inclusion of revenue and expenses or the sustainability of income tax credits for a given audit cycle. The Company has recorded a tax benefit only for those positions that meet the more-likely-than-not standard. 9. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) The following tables summarize the after-tax components of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) attributable to the Company for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017: (in thousands) Beginning Balance Changes in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) by Component (a) For the Year Ended December 31, 2019 Losses on Cash Flow Hedges Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments Investment in Convertible Preferred Securities Defined Benefit Plan Items Total $ (126) $ (11,550) $ 258 $ 5,031 $ (6,387) Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) Net current-period other comprehensive income (loss) (10,224) 949 907 (9,317) 11,666 12,615 — — — Ending balance $ (9,443) $ 1,065 $ 258 $ 889 $ (3,459) (12,734) (683) (4,142) 11,890 (844) (7,231) (in thousands) Beginning Balance Changes in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) by Component (a) For the Year Ended December 31, 2018 Losses on Cash Flow Hedges Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments Investments in Convertible Preferred Securities Defined Benefit Plan Items Total $ — $ (7,716) $ 344 $ 4,672 $ (2,700) Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) Net current-period other comprehensive income (loss) (284) (3,834) 158 (126) — (3,834) (86) — (86) Ending balance $ (126) $ (11,550) $ 258 $ 5,031 $ 65 1,031 (3,173) (672) 359 (514) (3,687) (6,387)  (in thousands) Beginning Balance Changes in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) by Component (a) For the Year Ended December 31, 2017 Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments Investments in Convertible Preferred Securities Defined Benefit Plan Items Total $ (11,002) $ — $ (1,466) $ (12,468) Other comprehensive income before reclassifications Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss Net current-period other comprehensive income 3,286 — 3,286 344 — 344 6,485 (347) 6,138 Ending balance (a) All amounts are net of tax. Amounts in parentheses indicate debits $ (7,716) $ 344 $ 4,672 $ 10,115 (347) 9,768 (2,700) The Following tables show the reclassification adjustments from accumulated other comprehensive income to net income for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017: (in thousands) For the Year Ended December 31, 2019 Details about Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income Components Amount Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income Affected Line Item in the Statement Where Net Income Is Presented Reclassifications Out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (a) Defined Benefit Plan Items Amortization of prior-service cost Cash Flow Hedges Interest payments Foreign Currency Translation Adjustment Total reclassifications for the period $ $ $ $ $ $ $ (911) (b) (911) Total before taxes 228 Income tax benefit (683) Net of tax 1,210 Interest Expense 1,210 Total before taxes (303) Income tax expense 907 Net of tax 11,666 Other income, net 11,666 Total before taxes — Income tax expense 11,666 Net of tax 11,890 Net of tax 66 (in thousands) For the Year Ended December 31, 2018 Details about Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income Components Amount Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income Affected Line Item in the Statement Where Net Income Is Presented Reclassifications Out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (a) Defined Benefit Plan Items Amortization of prior-service cost Cash Flow Hedges Interest payments Total reclassifications for the period $ $ $ $ $ (910) (b) (910) Total before taxes 238 Income tax benefit (672) Net of tax 214 Interest expense 214 Total before taxes (56) Income tax expense 158 Net of tax (514) Net of tax (in thousands) For the Year Ended December 31, 2017 Details about Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income Components Amount Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income Affected Line Item in the Statement Where Net Income Is Presented Reclassifications Out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (a) Defined Benefit Plan Items Amortization of prior-service cost $ $ (455) (b) (455) Total before taxes 108 Income tax benefit (347) Net of tax Total reclassifications for the period (a) Amounts in parentheses indicate debits to profit/loss (b) This accumulated other comprehensive income component is included in the computation of net periodic benefit cost (see Note 7. Employee Benefit Plans footnote for additional details) (347) Net of tax $ 67 10. Earnings Per Share The Company’s non-vested restricted stock that was granted prior to March 2015 is considered a participating security since the share-based awards contain a non-forfeitable right to dividends irrespective of whether the awards ultimately vest. Unvested share-based payment awards that contain non-forfeitable rights to dividends are participating securities and are included in the computation of earnings per share pursuant to the two-class method. The two-class method of computing earnings per share is an earnings allocation formula that determines earnings per share for common stock and any participating securities according to dividends declared (whether paid or unpaid) and participation rights in undistributed earnings. Subsequent to the 2015 awards, the unvested share-based payment awards no longer included non-forfeitable rights to dividends. As the final awards with the non-forfeitable rights fully vested in 2017 the two-class method is no longer used by the Company. The computation of basic and diluted earnings per share is as follows: (in thousands except per common share data) Net income attributable to The Andersons, Inc. Less: Distributed and undistributed earnings allocated to non-vested restricted stock Earnings available to common shareholders Earnings per share – basic: Weighted average shares outstanding – basic Earnings (losses) per common share – basic Earnings per share – diluted: Weighted average shares outstanding – basic Effect of dilutive awards Weighted average shares outstanding – diluted Earnings per common share – diluted Year ended December 31, 2019 2018 2017 18,307 $ 41,484 $ 42,511 — — 1 18,307 $ 41,484 $ 42,510 32,570 28,258 0.56 $ 1.47 $ 32,570 526 33,096 28,258 194 28,452 0.55 $ 1.46 $ 28,126 1.51 28,126 170 28,296 1.50 $ $ $ $ There were 88 thousand, 13 thousand and 22 thousand antidilutive share-based awards outstanding at December 31, 2019, December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. 11. Fair Value Measurements Generally accepted accounting principles define fair value as an exit price and also establish a framework for measuring fair value. An exit price represents the amount that would be received upon the sale of an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. Fair value should be determined based on the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. As a basis for considering such assumptions, a three-tier fair value hierarchy is used, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value as follows: • • • Level 1 inputs: Quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets; Level 2 inputs: Inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability either directly or indirectly; and Level 3 inputs: Unobservable inputs (e.g., a reporting entity's own data). In many cases, a valuation technique used to measure fair value includes inputs from multiple levels of the fair value hierarchy. The lowest level of significant input determines the placement of the entire fair value measurement in the hierarchy. 68 The following table presents the Company's assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis at December 31, 2019 and 2018: (in thousands) Assets (liabilities) Commodity derivatives, net (a) Provisionally priced contracts (b) Convertible preferred securities (c) Other assets and liabilities (d) Total (in thousands) Assets (liabilities) Commodity derivatives, net (a) Provisionally priced contracts (b) Convertible preferred securities (c) Other assets and liabilities (d) Total Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total December 31, 2019 45,682 $ (118,414) — 9,469 (63,263) $ 15,683 $ (68,237) — (13,507) (66,061) $ December 31, 2018 — $ — 8,404 — 61,365 (186,651) 8,404 (4,038) 8,404 $ (120,920) Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total 37,229 $ (76,175) — 5,186 (18,864) $ (58,566) — (353) — $ — 7,154 — 18,365 (134,741) 7,154 4,833 (33,760) $ (77,783) $ 7,154 $ (104,389) $ $ $ $ Includes associated cash posted/received as collateral Included in "Provisionally priced contracts" are those instruments based only on underlying futures values (Level 1) and delayed price contracts (Level 2) (a) (b) (c) Recorded in “Other noncurrent assets” on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets related to certain available for sale securities. (d) Included in other assets and liabilities are assets held by the Company to fund deferred compensation plans, ethanol risk management contracts, and foreign exchange derivative contracts (Level 1) and interest rate derivatives (Level 2). Level 1 commodity derivatives reflect the fair value of the exchanged-traded futures and options contracts that the Company holds, net of the cash collateral that the Company has in its margin account. The majority of the Company’s assets and liabilities measured at fair value are based on the market approach valuation technique. With the market approach, fair value is derived using prices and other relevant information generated by market transactions involving identical or comparable assets or liabilities. The Company’s net commodity derivatives primarily consist of futures or options contracts via regulated exchanges and contracts with producers or customers under which the future settlement date and bushels (or gallons in the case of ethanol contracts) of commodities to be delivered (primarily wheat, corn, soybeans and ethanol) are fixed and under which the price may or may not be fixed. Depending on the specifics of the individual contracts, the fair value is derived from the futures or options prices quoted on various exchanges for similar commodities and delivery dates as well as observable quotes for local basis adjustments (the difference, which is attributable to local market conditions, between the quoted futures price and the local cash price). Because “basis” for a particular commodity and location typically has multiple quoted prices from other agribusinesses in the same geographical vicinity and is used as a common pricing mechanism in the agribusiness industry, we have concluded that “basis” is typically a Level 2 fair value input for purposes of the fair value disclosure requirements related to our commodity derivatives, depending on the specific commodity. Although nonperformance risk, both of the Company and the counterparty, is present in each of these commodity contracts and is a component of the estimated fair values, based on the Company’s historical experience with its producers and customers and the Company’s knowledge of their businesses, the Company does not view nonperformance risk to be a significant input to fair value for these commodity contracts. These fair value disclosures exclude physical inventories measured at net realizable value. The net realizable value used to measure the Company’s agricultural commodity inventories is the fair value (spot price of the commodity in an exchange), less cost of disposal and transportation based on the local market. This valuation would generally be considered Level 2. The amount is disclosed in Note 2 Inventories. Changes in the net realizable value of commodity inventories are recognized as a component of cost of sales and merchandising revenues. Provisionally priced contract liabilities are those for which the Company has taken ownership and possession of a commodity, but the final purchase price has not been established. In the case of payables where the unpriced portion of the contract is limited to the futures price of the underlying commodity or we have delivered provisionally priced commodity and a subsequent payable or receivable is set up for any future changes in the commodity price, quoted exchange prices are used and the liability is deemed to be Level 1 in the fair value hierarchy. For all other unpriced contracts which include variable futures 69 and basis components, the amounts recorded for delayed price contracts are determined on the basis of local grain market prices at the balance sheet date and, as such, are deemed to be Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy. The risk management contract liability allows related ethanol customers to effectively unprice the futures component of their inventory for a period of time, subjecting the bushels to market fluctuations. The Company records an asset or liability for the market value changes of the commodities over the life of the contracts based on quoted exchange prices and as such, the balance is deemed to be Level 1 in the fair value hierarchy. The convertible preferred securities are interests in several early-stage enterprises in the form of convertible debt and preferred equity securities. A reconciliation of beginning and ending balances for the Company’s recurring fair value measurements using Level 3 inputs is as follows: (in thousands) Assets (liabilities) at January 1, New investments Sales proceeds Realized gains (losses) included in earnings Unrealized gains (losses) included in other comprehensive income Assets (liabilities) at December 31, Convertible Preferred Securities 2019 2018 7,154 $ 1,250 — — — 8,404 $ 7,388 1,086 (6,400) 3,900 1,180 7,154 $ $ The following tables summarize information about the Company's Level 3 fair value measurements as of December 31, 2019 and 2018: Quantitative Information about Recurring Level 3 Fair Value Measurements (in thousands) Convertible preferred securities (a) (in thousands) Convertible preferred securities (a) $ $ Fair Value as of 12/31/19 Valuation Method Unobservable Input Weighted Average 8,404 Implied based on market prices N/A N/A Fair Value as of 12/31/18 Valuation Method Unobservable Input Weighted Average 7,154 Implied based on market prices N/A N/A (a) The Company considers observable price changes and other additional market data available in order to estimate fair value, including additional capital raising, internal valuation models, progress towards key business milestones, and other relevant market data points. (in thousands) Frac sand assets (a) Real property (b) Quantitative Information about Non-Recurring Level 3 Fair Value Measurements Fair Value as of 12/31/19 Valuation Method Unobservable Input Weighted Average $ 16,546 608 Third party appraisal Market approach Various Various N/A N/A Equity method investment (c) (a) The Company recognized impairment charges on long lived related to its frac sand business. The fair value of the assets were determined using prior transactions and third-party appraisals. These measures are considered Level 3 inputs on a nonrecurring basis. (b) The Company recognized impairment charges on certain Trade assets and measured the fair value using Level 3 inputs on a nonrecurring basis. The fair value of the assets were determined using prior transactions in the local market and a recent sale of comparable Trade group assets held by the Company. (c) The Company recorded an other-than-temporary impairment charge on an existing equity method investment. The fair value of the investment was determined using a discounted cash flow analysis. Discounted cash flow analysis 12,424 Various N/A 70 Fair Value of Debt Instruments Certain long-term notes payable and the Company’s debenture bonds bear fixed rates of interest and terms of up to 15 years. Based upon the Company’s credit standing and current interest rates offered by the Company on similar bonds and rates currently available to the Company for long-term borrowings with similar terms and remaining maturities, the Company estimates the fair values of its fixed rate long-term debt instruments outstanding at December 31, 2019 and 2018, as follows: (in thousands) 2019 Fixed rate long-term notes payable Debenture bonds 2018 Fixed rate long-term notes payable Debenture bonds Carrying Amount Fair Value Fair Value Hierarchy Level $ $ $ $ 300,446 $ 26,075 326,521 $ 307,904 25,852 333,756 261,618 $ 27,324 288,942 $ 256,447 26,154 282,601 Level 2 Level 2 Level 2 Level 2 The fair value of the Company’s cash equivalents, accounts receivable and accounts payable approximate their carrying value as they are close to maturity. 12. Related Party Transactions Equity Method Investments The Company, directly or indirectly, holds investments in companies that are accounted for under the equity method. The Company’s equity in these entities is generally presented at cost plus its accumulated proportional share of income or loss, less any distributions it has received or other-than-temporary impairments recognized. The amount of equity method investments has decreased substantially from the prior year as two acquisitions in 2019 resulted in the consolidation of the former significant equity method investments. In January 2019, the Company purchased the remaining equity of LTG and Thompsons Limited and in October 2019, the Company merged its existing equity method ethanol investments to create the consolidated entity of TAMH. Prior to the acquisition in January of 2019, the Company was a minority investor in LTG. Prior to the acquisition in the current year, the Company accounted for this investment under the equity method. The Company sold and purchased both grain and ethanol with LTG in the ordinary course of business on terms similar to sales and purchases with unrelated customers. On July 31, 2013, the Company, along with LTG established joint ventures that acquired 100% of the stock of Thompsons Limited, including its investment in a related U.S. operating company. Each Company owned 50% of the investment. Thompsons Limited was a grain and food-grade bean handler and agronomy input provider, headquartered in Blenheim, Ontario, which operated 12 locations across Ontario and Minnesota. The Company did not hold a majority of the outstanding shares of Thompsons Limited joint ventures. All major operating decisions of these joint ventures were made by their Board of Directors and the Company did not have a majority of the board seats. Due to these factors, the Company did not have control over these joint ventures and therefore accounted for these investments under the equity method of accounting, as of December 31, 2018. As a result of the LTG acquisition in January 2019, both LTG and Thompsons Limited became consolidated entities of the Company. See Note 18 for additional information on the acquisition. In October of 2019, the Company entered into an agreement with Marathon Petroleum Corporation to merge The Andersons Albion Ethanol LLC (TAAE), The Andersons Clymers Ethanol LLC (TACE), The Andersons Marathon Ethanol LLC (TAME) and the Company's wholly-owned The Andersons Denison Ethanol LLC into a new legal entity, The Andersons Marathon Holdings LLC ("TAMH"). The Company now owns 50.1% equity in TAMH, and the transaction resulted in the consolidation of TAMH’s results in the Company's financial statements. See note 18 for additional information on the merger. The background information below related to the former ethanol LLCs applies through September 30, 2019, prior to consolidation. 71 In 2005, the Company became an investor in TAAE. TAAE was a producer of ethanol and its co-products DDG and corn oil at its 110 million gallon-per-year ethanol production facility in Albion, Michigan. The Company operated the facility under a management contract and provided corn origination, ethanol, corn oil and DDG marketing and risk management services. The Company was separately compensated for all such services except corn oil marketing. The Company also leased its Albion, Michigan grain facility to TAAE. While the Company held 55% of the outstanding units of TAAE, a super-majority vote was required for all major operating decisions of TAAE based on the terms of the Operating Agreement. The Company concluded that the super-majority vote requirement gave the minority shareholders substantive participating rights and therefore consolidation for book purposes was not appropriate. The Company accounted for its investment in TAAE under the equity method of accounting through September 30, 2019. In 2006, the Company became a minority investor in TACE. TACE was also a producer of ethanol and its co-products DDG and corn oil at a 110 million gallon-per-year ethanol production facility in Clymers, Indiana. The Company operated the facility under a management contract and provided corn origination, ethanol, corn oil and DDG marketing and risk management services for which it was separately compensated. The Company also leased its Clymers, Indiana grain facility to TACE. The Company accounted for its investment in TACE under the equity method of accounting through September 30, 2019. In 2006, the Company became a minority investor in TAME. TAME was also a producer of ethanol and its co-products DDG and corn oil at a 110 million gallon-per-year ethanol production facility in Greenville, Ohio. In January 2007, the Company transferred its 50% share in TAME to The Andersons Ethanol Investment LLC, a consolidated subsidiary of the Company, of which a third party owned 34% of the shares. The Company operated the facility under a management contract and provided corn origination, ethanol, corn oil and DDG marketing and risk management services for which it was separately compensated. In 2009, TAEI invested an additional $1.1 million in TAME, retaining a 50% ownership interest. On January 1, 2017, TAEI was merged with and into TAME. The Company had owned (66%) of TAEI. Pursuant to the merger, the Company’s ownership units in TAEI were canceled and converted into ownership units in TAME. As a result, the Company owned 33% of the outstanding ownership units of TAME. The Company accounted for its investment in TAME under the equity method of accounting through September 30, 2019. The Company had marketing agreements with TAAE, TACE, and TAME under which the Company purchased and marketed the ethanol produced to external customers. As compensation for these marketing services, the Company earned a fee on each gallon of ethanol sold. The Company entered into marketing agreements with each of the ethanol LLCs. Under the ethanol marketing agreements, the Company purchased most, if not all, of the ethanol produced by the LLCs at the same price it resold the ethanol to external customers. The Company acted as the principal in these ethanol sales transactions to external parties as the Company had ultimate responsibility of performance to the external parties. Substantially all of these purchases and subsequent sales were executed through forward contracts on matching terms and, outside of the fee the Company earned for each gallon sold, the Company did not recognize any gross profit on the sales transactions. For the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, revenues recognized for the sales of ethanol and co-products purchased from related parties were $456.7 million, $625.2 million and $590.9 million, respectively. In addition to the ethanol marketing agreements, the Company held corn origination agreements, under which the Company originated all of the corn used in production for each unconsolidated ethanol LLC. For this service, the Company received a unit-based fee. Similar to the ethanol sales described above, the Company acted as an agent in these transactions, and accordingly, these transactions were recorded on a net basis. For the year ended December 31, 2017, revenues recognized for the sale of corn under these agreements were $498.8 million. As part of the corn origination agreements, the Company also marketed the DDG produced by the entities. For this service the Company received a unit-based fee. The Company did not purchase any of the DDG from the ethanol entities; however, as part of the agreement, the Company guaranteed payment by the buyer for DDG sales. At December 31, 2019, the three unconsolidated ethanol entities had no outstanding receivables balance for DDG and a balance of $7.0 million as of December 31, 2018, of which $0.1 million was more than thirty days past due. As the Company had not experienced historical losses and the DDG receivable balances greater than thirty days past due was immaterial, the Company concluded that the fair value of this guarantee was inconsequential. 72 The following table presents 2019 information for aggregate summarized financial information of TAAE, TACE and TAME through September 30, 2019 along with the Company's equity method investments in Providence Grain Group Inc., Quadra Commodities S.A. and other various investments. In the prior years, the table represents the aggregated summarized financial information of LTG, TAAE, TACE, TAME, Thompsons Limited, and other various investments as they qualified as significant equity method investees in the aggregate. No individual equity investments qualified as significant for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017. (in thousands) Sales Gross profit Income from continuing operations Net income Current assets Non-current assets Current liabilities Non-current liabilities December 31, 2019 1,930,289 $ 2018 6,111,036 $ $ 2017 6,080,795 217,629 50,937 42,970 257,594 71,608 68,876 39,253 1,895 940 255,052 80,823 196,163 31,509 1,111,826 1,045,124 526,169 792,184 281,103 538,671 802,161 309,649 December 31, 2019 2018 $ — $ — — — — 12,424 5,574 5,859 $ 23,857 $ 50,382 24,242 14,841 101,715 48,987 — — 2,159 242,326 The following table presents the Company’s investment balance in each of its equity method investees by entity: (in thousands) The Andersons Albion Ethanol LLC (a) The Andersons Clymers Ethanol LLC (a) The Andersons Marathon Ethanol LLC (a) Lansing Trade Group, LLC (b) Thompsons Limited (b) Providence Grain Group Inc. (c) Quadra Commodities S.A. (c) Other Total (a) The Company previously owned approximately 55%, 39%, 33% in The Andersons Albion LLC, The Andersons Clymers Ethanol LLC and The Andersons Marathon Ethanol LLC, respectively. Effective October 1, 2019, the Company contributed its interests in these three entities into TAMH. The transaction resulted in the consolidation of these entities into the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements. (b) The Company previously owned approximately 32.5% of LTG. Effective January 1, 2019, the Company purchased the remaining equity of LTG. The transaction resulted in the consolidation of Thompsons Limited of Ontario, Canada and related entities, which LTG and the Company had equally owned. (c) The Company acquired the equity method investments in Providence Grain Group Inc. and Quadra Commodities S.A. through the consolidation of LTG. The following table summarizes income (losses) earned from the Company’s equity method investments by entity: (in thousands) The Andersons Albion Ethanol LLC (a) The Andersons Clymers Ethanol LLC (a) The Andersons Marathon Ethanol LLC (a) Lansing Trade Group, LLC (b) Thompsons Limited (b) Providence Grain Group Inc. (c)(d) Quadra Commodities S.A. (c) Other Total % ownership at December 31, 2019 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 37.8% 17.7% 5% - 52% December 31, 2019 2018 2017 $ (1,292) $ 5,531 $ (151) 920 — — (7,411) 910 (335) 4,846 3,832 10,413 2,568 — — (49) $ (7,359) $ 27,141 $ 6,052 4,591 1,571 4,038 696 — — (225) 16,723 73 (a) The Company previously owned approximately 55%, 39%, 33% in The Andersons Albion LLC, The Andersons Clymers Ethanol LLC and The Andersons Marathon Ethanol LLC, respectively. Effective October 1, 2019, the Company contributed its interests in these three entities into TAMH. The transaction resulted in the consolidation of these entities into the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements. (b) The Company previously owned approximately 32.5% of LTG. Effective January 1, 2019, the Company purchased the remaining equity of LTG. The transaction resulted in the consolidation of Thompsons Limited of Ontario, Canada and related entities, which LTG and the Company had equally owned. (c) The Company acquired the equity method investments in Providence Grain Group Inc. and Quadra Commodities S.A. through the consolidation of LTG. (d) The Company recorded an other-than-temporary impairment charge of $5.0 million in the equity method investment in Providence Grain Group which is recorded in equity earnings (losses) in affiliates. Total distributions received from unconsolidated affiliates were $0.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2019. Related Party Transactions In the ordinary course of business and on an arms-length basis, the Company will enter into related party transactions with each of the investments described above, along with other related parties. On March 2, 2018, the Company invested in ELEMENT. The Company owns 51% of ELEMENT and ICM, Inc. owns the remaining 49% interest. ELEMENT, LLC constructed a 70 million-gallon-per-year bio-refinery. As part of the Company’s investment into ELEMENT, the Company and ICM, Inc. entered into a number of agreements with the entity. Most notably, ICM, Inc. will operate the facility under a management contract and manage the construction of the facility, while the Company will provide corn origination, ethanol marketing, and risk management services. The results of operations for ELEMENT have been included in the Company's consolidated results and are a component of the Ethanol segment. The construction of the plant was substantially completed, and operations commenced in August of 2019. As of December 31, 2019, approximately $3.9 million of remaining obligation is not yet incurred under a design build contract. The following table sets forth the related party transactions entered into for the time periods presented: (in thousands) Sales revenues Service fee revenues (a) Purchases of product Lease income (b) December 31, 2019 246,540 $ 2018 358,856 $ $ 12,181 569,619 3,516 20,843 741,736 6,523 2017 893,950 24,357 615,739 6,175 Labor and benefits reimbursement (c) (a) (b) Lease income included the lease of the Company’s Albion, Michigan and Clymers, Indiana grain facilities as well as certain railcars to the unconsolidated ethanol LLCs and IANR for the prior Service fee revenues included management fee, corn origination fee, ethanol and DDG marketing fees, and other commissions for the prior periods and through September 30, 2019. 13,487 10,973 13,894 periods and through September 30, 2019. (c) The Company provided all operational labor to the unconsolidated ethanol LLCs and charged them an amount equal to the Company’s costs of the related services for the prior periods and through September 30, 2019. (in thousands) Accounts receivable (d) Accounts payable (e) December 31, 2019 2018 $ 10,603 $ 12,303 17,829 28,432 (d) Accounts receivable represents amounts due from related parties for sales of ethanol and other various items. (e) Accounts payable represents amounts due to related parties for purchases of equipment and other various items. From time to time, the Company enters into derivative contracts with certain of its related parties, for similar price risk mitigation purposes and on similar terms as the purchase and sale derivative contracts it enters into with unrelated parties. The fair value of derivative contracts with related parties in a gross asset position as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 was $0.3 million and $1.9 million, respectively. The fair value of derivative contracts with related parties in a gross liability position were de minimis as of December 31, 2019 and $6.3 million as of December 31, 2018. 74 13. Segment Information The Company’s operations include four reportable business segments that are distinguished primarily on the basis of products and services offered. The Trade business includes commodity merchandising, the operation of terminal grain elevator facilities and, historically, the investments in LTG and Thompsons Limited. In January 2019, the Company acquired the remaining 67.5% of LTG equity that it did not already own. The transaction also resulted in the consolidation of Thompsons Limited of Ontario, Canada and related entities, which LTG and the Company jointly owned. The Company has evaluated its segment reporting structure as a result of the acquisition. The presentation includes a majority of the acquired business within the legacy Grain Group which has been renamed, Trade Group. The acquired ethanol trading business of LTG is included within the Ethanol Group. The Company also moved certain commission income and an elevator lease from the legacy Grain Group to the Ethanol Group to better align business segments. Prior year results have been recast to reflect this change. The Ethanol business purchases and sells ethanol, and provides risk management, origination and management services to ethanol production facilities. Historically, these facilities were organized as limited liability companies, two were consolidated and three were investments accounted for under the equity method. On October 1, 2019, the Company and Marathon Petroleum Corporation merged the three existing equity method investments and the wholly owned subsidiary, The Andersons Denison Ethanol LLC into TAMH. As a result of this merger, the results of the legacy LLCs accounted for under the equity method are now consolidated entities in the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements. The Plant Nutrient business manufactures and distributes agricultural inputs, primary nutrients and specialty fertilizers, to dealers and farmers, along with turf care and corncob-based products. Rail operations include the leasing, marketing and fleet management of railcars and other assets, railcar repair and metal fabrication. The Retail business operated large retail stores, a distribution center, and a lawn and garden equipment sales and service facility. In January 2017, the Company announced its decision to close all retail operations. The Retail Group has closed all stores, completed its liquidation efforts, and sold its properties. Included in “Other” are the corporate level costs not attributed to an operating segment and the 2017 Retail business. The segment information below includes the allocation of expenses shared by one or more operating segments. Although management believes such allocations are reasonable, the operating information does not necessarily reflect how such data might appear if the segments were operated as separate businesses. Inter-segment sales are made at prices comparable to normal, unaffiliated customer sales. The Company does not have any customers who represent 10 percent, or more, of total revenues. (in thousands) Revenues from external customers Trade Ethanol Plant Nutrient Rail Other Total (in thousands) Inter-segment sales Trade Plant Nutrient Rail Total Year ended December 31, 2019 2018 2017 $ 6,387,744 $ 1,433,660 $ 2,103,222 968,779 646,730 166,938 — 747,009 690,536 174,177 — 711,305 651,824 172,123 47,871 $ 8,170,191 $ 3,045,382 $ 3,686,345 Year ended December 31, 2019 2018 2017 $ $ 2,658 $ 2,746 $ 1,166 5,245 — 1,205 9,069 $ 3,951 $ 761 241 1,213 2,215 75 (in thousands) Interest expense (income) Trade Ethanol Plant Nutrient Rail Other Total (in thousands) Equity in earnings of affiliates Trade Ethanol Total (in thousands) Other income, net Trade Ethanol Plant Nutrient Rail Other Total (in thousands) Income (loss) before income taxes, net of noncontrolling interest Trade Ethanol Plant Nutrient Rail Other Income (loss) before income taxes, net of noncontrolling interest Noncontrolling interests Income (loss) before income taxes (in thousands) Identifiable assets Trade Ethanol Plant Nutrient Rail Other Total 76 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ Year ended December 31, 2019 2018 2017 35,202 $ 11,845 $ 584 7,954 16,486 (535) (1,890) 6,499 11,377 17 8,320 (67) 6,420 7,023 (129) 59,691 $ 27,848 $ 21,567 Year ended December 31, 2019 2018 2017 (6,835) $ (524) (7,359) $ 12,932 $ 14,209 27,141 $ 4,509 12,214 16,723 Year ended December 31, 2019 2018 2017 11,142 $ 843 $ 913 4,903 1,583 1,568 2,766 2,495 3,516 6,382 20,109 $ 16,002 $ Year ended December 31, 1,590 2,122 5,092 2,632 11,071 22,507 2019 2018 2017 (14,780) $ 21,715 $ 48,359 9,159 15,090 (26,470) 31,358 (3,247) 27,076 12,030 17,379 (24,785) 53,415 (259) 8,197 23,525 (45,121) 24,798 (32,022) (20,623) 98 $ 28,111 $ 53,156 $ (20,525) Year ended December 31, 2019 2018 $ 2,012,060 $ 690,548 383,781 693,931 120,421 978,974 295,971 403,780 590,407 122,871 $ 3,900,741 $ 2,392,003 (in thousands) Capital expenditures Trade Ethanol Plant Nutrient Rail Other Total (in thousands) Depreciation and amortization Trade Ethanol Plant Nutrient Rail Other Total (in thousands) Revenues from external customers by geographic region United States Canada Mexico Other Total $ $ $ $ Year ended December 31, 2019 2018 2017 31,173 $ 17,203 $ 104,023 20,413 1,827 3,548 101,320 15,723 5,295 3,038 160,984 $ 142,579 $ 10,899 3,690 10,735 3,478 5,800 34,602 Year ended December 31, 2019 2018 2017 50,973 $ 16,062 $ 23,727 25,985 34,122 11,359 6,136 26,871 29,164 12,064 146,166 $ 90,297 $ 18,757 5,970 26,628 23,081 11,976 86,412 Year ended December 31, 2019 2018 2017 $ 6,350,643 $ 2,832,007 $ 3,506,053 666,289 294,644 858,615 136,439 34 76,902 148,974 — 31,318 $ 8,170,191 $ 3,045,382 $ 3,686,345 The net book value of Trade property, plant and equipment in Canada as of December 31, 2019 was $41.2 million and de minimis for the year ended December 31, 2018. The net book value of the leased railcars in Canada as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 was $22.7 million and $23.2 million, respectively. 77 14. Leases The Company leases certain grain handling and storage facilities, ethanol storage terminals, warehouse space, railcars, locomotives, barges, office space, machinery and equipment, vehicles and information technology equipment under operating leases. Lease expense for these leases is recognized within the Consolidated Statements of Operations on a straight-line basis over the lease term, with variable lease payments recognized in the period those payments are incurred. The following table summarizes the amounts recognized in the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheet related to leases: Consolidated Balance Sheet Classification December 31, 2019 (in thousands) Assets Operating lease assets Finance lease assets Finance lease assets Total leased assets Liabilities Current operating leases Non-current operating leases Total operating lease liabilities Current finance leases Non-current finance leases Total finance lease liabilities Total lease liabilities Right of use assets, net Property, plant and equipment, net Rail Group assets leased to others, net Accrued expenses and other current liabilities Long-term lease liabilities Current maturities of long-term debt Long-term debt The components of lease cost recognized within the Company's Consolidated Statement of Operations were as follows: (in thousands) Lease cost: Operating lease cost Operating lease cost Finance lease cost Statement of Operations Classification Cost of sales and merchandising revenues Operating, administrative and general expenses Amortization of right-of-use assets Cost of sales and merchandising revenues Amortization of right-of-use assets Operating, administrative and general expenses Interest expense on lease liabilities Interest expense Other lease cost (a) Other lease cost (a) Cost of sales and merchandising revenues Operating, administrative and general expenses Total lease cost (a) Other lease cost includes short-term lease costs and variable lease costs. $ $ $ $ 76,401 23,723 17,465 117,589 25,700 51,091 76,791 17,636 21,501 39,137 115,928 For the Year Ended December 31, 2019 26,230 13,711 357 1,119 1,023 822 322 43,584 The Company often has the option to renew lease terms for buildings and other assets. The exercise of a lease renewal option is generally at the sole discretion of the Company. In addition, certain lease agreements may be terminated prior to their original expiration date at the discretion of the Company. Each renewal and termination option is evaluated at the lease commencement date to determine if the Company is reasonably certain to exercise the option on the basis of economic factors. The following table summarizes the weighted average remaining lease terms as of December 31, 2019: 78 Weighted Average Remaining Lease Term Operating leases Finance leases 4.1 years 6.5 years The discount rate implicit within our leases is generally not determinable and therefore the Company determines the discount rate based on its incremental borrowing rate. The incremental borrowing rate for each lease is determined based on its term and the currency in which lease payments are made, adjusted for the impacts of collateral. The following table summarizes the weighted average discount rate used to measure the Company's lease liabilities as of December 31, 2019: Weighted Average Discount Rate Operating leases Finance leases Supplemental Cash Flow Information Related to Leases (in thousands) Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities: Operating cash flows from operating leases Operating cash flows from finance leases Financing cash flows from finance leases Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations: Operating leases Finance leases Maturity Analysis of Leases Liabilities (in thousands) 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 Thereafter Total lease payments Less: interest Total 3.88% 3.72% For the Year Ended December 31, 2019 $ Operating Leases December 31, 2019 Finance Leases Total $ 28,145 $ 18,185 $ 19,230 13,574 9,887 5,567 6,956 83,359 6,568 2,334 2,341 2,342 2,176 16,154 43,532 4,395 $ 76,791 $ 39,137 $ 79 25,304 1,023 1,973 29,427 16,998 46,330 21,564 15,915 12,229 7,743 23,110 126,891 10,963 115,928 Prior year lease disclosures The following pertains to previously disclosed information from Note 15, Commitments and contingencies, contained in the Company's 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K, which incorporates information about leases now in scope of ASC 842, Leases, disclosed above. Future minimum lease payments by year and in the aggregate under non-cancelable operating leases with initial term of one year or more at December 31, 2018 are as follows: (in thousands) 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 Thereafter Total 15. Commitments and Contingencies Litigation activities Minimum Lease Payments 16,978 $ 11,906 9,959 6,438 3,763 8,348 57,392 $ The Company is party to litigation, or threats thereof, both as defendant and plaintiff with some regularity, although individual cases that are material in size occur infrequently. As a defendant, the Company establishes reserves for claimed amounts that are considered probable and capable of estimation. If those cases are resolved for lesser amounts, the excess reserves are taken into income and, conversely, if those cases are resolved for larger than the amount the Company has accrued, the Company records additional expense. The Company believes it is unlikely that the results of its current legal proceedings for which it is the defendant, even if unfavorable, will be material. As a plaintiff, amounts that are collected can also result in sudden, non-recurring income. Litigation results depend upon a variety of factors, including the availability of evidence, the credibility of witnesses, the performance of counsel, the state of the law, and the impressions of judges and jurors, any of which can be critical in importance, yet difficult, if not impossible, to predict. Consequently, cases currently pending, or future matters, may result in unexpected, and non-recurring losses, or income, from time to time. Finally, litigation results are often subject to judicial reconsideration, appeal and further negotiation by the parties, and as a result, the final impact of a particular judicial decision may be unknown for some time or may result in continued reserves to account for the potential of such post-verdict actions. The Company recorded a $5.0 million reserve in its opening balance sheet from the LTG acquisition relating to an outstanding non-regulatory litigation claim, based upon preliminary settlement negotiations in the first quarter of 2019. The claim is in response to penalties and fines paid to regulatory entities by LTG in 2018 for the settlement of matters which focused on certain trading activity. The estimated losses for all other outstanding claims that are considered reasonably possible are not material. Commitments As of December 2019, the Company carries $1.0 million in industrial revenue bonds with the City of Colwich, Kansas (the "City") that mature in 2029, and leases back facilities owned by the City that the Company recorded as property, plant, and equipment, net, on its Consolidated Balance Sheet under a capital lease. The lease payment on the facilities is sufficient to pay principal and interest on the bonds. Because the Company owns all of the outstanding bonds, has a legal right to set-off, and intends to set-off the corresponding lease and interest payment, the Company netted the capital lease obligation with the bond asset and, in turn, reflected no amount for the obligation or the corresponding asset on its Consolidated Balance Sheet at December 31, 2019. 80 16. Supplemental Cash Flow Information Certain supplemental cash flow information, including noncash investing and financing activities for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017 are as follows: (in thousands) Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information: Interest paid Income taxes paid (refunded), net Noncash investing and financing activity: Equity issued in conjunction with acquisition Removal of pre-existing equity method investments Purchase price holdback/ other accrued liabilities Non-cash consideration in conjunction with acquisition Dividends declared not yet paid Capital projects incurred but not yet paid Debt resulting from accounting standard adoption Railcar assets resulting from accounting standard adoption Debt financing fees incurred but not yet paid Investment merger (decreasing equity method investments and non-controlling interest) Year ended December 31, 2019 2018 2017 $ 59,640 $ 2,008 29,607 $ (5,439) 23,958 2,065 127,841 (284,121) 29,956 7,318 5,720 2,781 — — — — — — — — 5,515 14,165 36,953 25,643 2,288 — — — — — 4,650 6,840 — — — 8,360 17. Stock Compensation Plans The Company's 2019 Long-Term Incentive Compensation Plan, dated February 22, 2019 and subsequently approved by Shareholders on May 10, 2019 (the "2019 LT Plan"), is authorized to issue up to 2.3 million shares of common stock as options, share appreciation rights, restricted shares and units, performance shares and units and other stock or cash-based awards. This plan replaced the Company's 2014 Long-Term Incentive Compensation Plan (the "2014 LT Plan"). The shares remaining available for issuance under the 2014 LT Plan rolled over into the 2019 LT Plan. Approximately 2.5 million shares remain available for issuance at December 31, 2019. Stock-based compensation expense for all stock-based compensation awards are based on the grant-date fair value. The Company recognizes these compensation costs on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of the award. Total compensation expense recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Operations for all stock compensation programs was $16.2 million, $6.6 million, and $6.1 million in 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Of the $16.2 million recognized in 2019, approximately $9.4 million was related to awards granted as part of the Lansing Acquisition 2018 Inducement and Retention Award Plan. 81 Non-Qualified Stock Options ("Options") The Company granted non-qualified stock options during 2015 under the 2014 LT Plan, upon hiring of a senior executive. The options have a term of seven years and have three-year annual graded vesting. The fair value of the options was estimated at the date of grant under the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following assumptions. Expected volatility was estimated based on the historical volatility of the Company's common shares over the 5.5 years prior to the grant date. The average expected life was based on the contractual term of the plan. The risk-free rate is based on the U.S. Treasury Strips available with maturity period consistent with the expected life. Forfeitures are estimated at the date of grant based on historical experience. The weighted average assumptions used in the determination of fair value for stock option awards were as follows: Risk free interest rate Dividend yield Volatility factor of the expected market price of the common shares Expected life for the options (in years) 2015 1.80% 1.58% 0.35 5.50 A reconciliation of the number of Options outstanding and exercisable under the 2014 LT Plan as of December 31, 2019, and changes during the period then ended, is as follows: Options outstanding at January 1, 2019 325,000 $ 35.40 Shares (in thousands) Weighted- Average Exercise Price Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Term Aggregate Intrinsic Value (000's) Options granted Options exercised Options cancelled / forfeited Options outstanding at December 31, 2019 Vested and expected to vest at December 31, 2019 Options exercisable at December 31, 2019 (in thousands) Total intrinsic value of Options exercised Total fair value of shares vested Weighted average fair value of Options granted — — — 325,000 $ 325,000 $ 325,000 $ — — — 35.40 35.40 35.40 — $ — $ — $ — — — Year ended December 31, 2019 $ $ $ — — — As of December 31, 2019, there was no unrecognized compensation cost related to Options granted under both the 2014 and the 2019 LT Plan. 82 Restricted Stock Awards ("RSAs") Both the 2014 and 2019 LT Plan permit awards of restricted stock. These shares carry voting and dividend equivalent rights upon vesting; however, sale of the shares is restricted prior to vesting. RSAs vest over a period of 3 years, with one-third vesting each January 1 of the following first, second, and third years. Total restricted stock expense is equal to the market value of the Company's common shares on the date of the award and is recognized over the service period on a straight-line basis. A summary of the status of the Company's non-vested RSAs as of December 31, 2019, and changes during the period then ended, is presented below: Shares (in thousands) Weighted-Average Grant-Date Fair Value Non-vested restricted shares at January 1, 2019 Granted Vested Forfeited Non-vested restricted shares at December 31, 2019 Total fair value of shares vested (000's) Weighted average fair value of restricted shares granted 218 $ 767 (264) (14) 707 $ Year ended December 31, 2019 2018 2017 $ $ 8,225 $ 33.87 $ 4,681 $ 34.36 $ 34.25 33.87 31.10 35.50 34.99 3,751 37.13 As of December 31, 2019, there was $8.2 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested RSAs granted under both the 2014 and 2019 LT Plans. That cost is expected to be fully amortized by October 2022. EPS-Based Performance Share Units (“EPS PSUs”) Both the 2014 and 2019 LT Plan also allow for the award of EPS PSUs. Each EPS PSU gives the participant the right to receive common shares dependent on the achievement of specified performance results over a 3-year performance period. At the end of the performance period, the number of shares of stock issued will be determined by adjusting the award upward or downward from a target award. Fair value of EPS PSUs issued is based on the market value of the Company's common shares on the date of the award. The related compensation expense is recognized over the performance period when achievement of the award is probable and is adjusted for changes in the number of shares expected to be issued if changes in performance are expected. Currently, the Company is accounting for the awards granted in 2019, 2018 and 2017 at 50%, 18% and 0% of the maximum amount available for issuance, respectively. EPS PSUs Activity A summary of the status of the Company's EPS PSUs as of December 31, 2019, and changes during the period then ended, is presented below: Non-vested at January 1, 2019 Granted Vested Forfeited Non-vested at December 31, 2019 Weighted average fair value of PSUs granted Shares (in thousands) Weighted-Average Grant-Date Fair Value 247 $ 122 — (106) 263 $ 33.47 27.23 — 28.46 32.58 Year ended December 31, 2019 2018 2017 $ 27.23 $ 35.36 $ 39.20 As of December 31, 2019, there was $1.4 million unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested EPS PSUs granted under the LT Plans. That cost is expected to be fully amortized by December 2021. 83 TSR-Based Performance Share Units (“TSR PSUs”) Beginning in 2016, the Company began granting Total Shareholder Return-Based PSUs ("TSR PSUs"). Each TSR PSU gives the participant the right to receive common shares dependent on total shareholder return over a 3-year period. At the end of the period, the number of shares of stock issued will be determined by adjusting the award upward or downward from a target award. Fair value of TSR PSUs was estimated at the date of grant using a Monte Carlo Simulation with the following assumptions: Expected volatility was estimated based on the historical volatility of the Company's common shares over the 2.83 year period prior to the grant date. The average expected life was based on the contractual term of the plan. The risk-free rate is based on the U.S. Treasury Strips available with maturity period consistent with the expected life. Forfeitures are estimated at the date of grant based on historical experience. Risk free interest rate Dividend yield Volatility factor of the expected market price of the common shares Expected term (in years) Correlation coefficient TSR PSUs Activity 2019 2.53% —% 37% 2.84 0.36 A summary of the status of the Company's TSR PSUs as of December 31, 2019, and changes during the period then ended, is presented below: Non-vested at January 1, 2019 Granted Vested Forfeited Non-vested at December 31, 2019 Shares (in thousands) Weighted-Average Grant-Date Fair Value 247 $ 125 (5) (104) 263 $ 38.02 49.20 24.82 29.59 46.85 Year ended December 31, 2019 2018 2017 Weighted average fair value of PSUs granted $ 49.20 $ 46.51 $ 42.53 As of December 31, 2019, there was approximately $2.6 million unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested TSR PSUs granted under the 2014 and 2019 LT Plans. That cost is expected to be fully amortized by December 2021. Employee Share Purchase Plan (the “ESP Plan”) The Company's 2004 ESP Plan, Restated and Amended January 2019, dated February 22, 2019 and subsequently approved by Shareholders on May 10, 2019, is authorized to issue up to 230 thousand common shares. The ESP Plan allows employees to purchase common shares through payroll withholdings. The Company has approximately 230 thousand common shares remaining available for issuance to and purchase by employees under this plan. The ESP Plan also contains an option component. The purchase price per share under the ESP Plan is the lower of the market price at the beginning or end of the year. The Company records a liability for withholdings not yet applied towards the purchase of common stock. This liability is included in Accrued expenses and other current liabilities on the balance sheet. 84 The fair value of the option component of the ESP Plan is estimated at the date of grant under the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following assumptions at the grant date. Expected volatility was estimated based on the historical volatility of the Company's common shares over the past year. The average expected life was based on the contractual term of the plan. The risk-free rate is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve rate with a one year term. Forfeitures are estimated at the date of grant based on historical experience. Risk free interest rate Dividend yield Volatility factor of the expected market price of the common shares Expected life for the options (in years) 18. Business Acquisitions Year ended December 31, 2019 2018 2017 1.59% 2.27% 36% 1.0 2.57% 2.23% 33% 1.0 1.76% 2.06% 28% 1.0 Effective January 1, 2019, the Company completed its acquisition of the remaining 67.5% equity of LTG. The transaction resulted in the consolidation of Thompsons Limited of Ontario, Canada and related entities as they were jointly owned by the Company and LTG in equal portions. Total consideration transferred by the Company to complete the acquisition of LTG was $328.9 million. The Company paid $171.1 million in cash and $30.0 million of remaining purchase price holdback and other accrued liabilities, and issued 4.4 million unregistered shares valued at 127.8 million based upon the stock price of the Company at the date of the acquisition. The purchase price allocation was finalized in the fourth quarter of 2019. A summarized purchase price allocation is as follows: (in thousands) Cash consideration paid Equity consideration Purchase price holdback/ other accrued liabilities Total purchase price consideration 85 $ $ 171,147 127,841 29,956 328,944 The final purchase price allocation at January 1, 2019, is as follows: (in thousands) Cash and cash equivalents Accounts receivable Inventories Commodity derivative assets - current Other current assets Commodity derivative assets - noncurrent Goodwill Other intangible assets Right of use asset Equity method investments Other assets, net Property, plant and equipment, net Short-term debt Trade and other payables Commodity derivative liabilities - current Customer prepayments and deferred revenue Accrued expense and other current liabilities Other long-term liabilities, including commodity derivative liabilities - noncurrent Long-term lease liabilities Long-term debt, including current maturities Deferred income taxes Fair value of acquired assets and assumed liabilities $ 21,525 320,467 456,963 82,595 27,474 13,576 126,610 112,900 37,894 28,728 5,355 171,717 1,405,804 218,901 303,321 29,024 99,530 66,109 3,175 21,193 161,689 15,531 918,473 487,331 Removal of preexisting ownership interest, including associated cumulative translation adjustment Pretax loss on derecognition of preexisting ownership interest Total purchase price consideration (159,459) 1,072 328,944 $ The goodwill recognized as a result of the LTG acquisition is $126.6 million and is allocated to reporting units within the Trade Group segment. The portion of the goodwill that is deductible for tax purposes is $12.5 million. The goodwill recognized is primarily attributable to the addition of an assembled workforce and complementary assets with greater scale that significantly expands the Company's reach in the agricultural marketplace. Due to finalization of the purchase price accounting as well as certain working capital adjustments and deferred income taxes during the fourth quarter, Goodwill decreased $3.2 million, Other intangible assets increased $6.3 million, Deferred income tax liabilities increased $1.1 million and Accrued expenses increased $1.6 million. Details of the intangible assets acquired are as follows: (in thousands) Customer relationships Noncompete agreements Total other intangible assets *weighted average number of years 86 Estimated useful life 10 years 3 years 92,400 20,500 112,900 8 years * $ $ On October 1, 2019, The Andersons entered into an agreement with Marathon to merge TAAE, TACE, TAME and the Company's wholly-owned subsidiary, The Andersons Denison Ethanol LLC into a new legal entity, The Andersons Marathon Holdings LLC. As a result of the merger, The Andersons and Marathon now own 50.1% and 49.9% of the equity in TAMH, respectively. Total consideration transferred by the Company to complete the acquisition of TAMH was $182.9 million. The company transferred non-cash consideration of $7.3 million and its equity values of the previously mentioned LLCs. The purchase price allocation is preliminary, pending completion of the full valuation report, finalization of deferred income taxes and working capital adjustments. A summarized preliminary purchase price allocation is as follows: (in thousands) Non-cash consideration Investments contributed at fair value Investment contributed at cost Total purchase price consideration The preliminary purchase price allocation at October 1, 2019, is as follows: (in thousands) Cash and cash equivalents Accounts receivable Inventories Other current assets Goodwill Right of use asset Other assets, net Property, plant and equipment, net Trade and other payables Accrued expense and other current liabilities Other long-term liabilities Long-term lease liabilities Long-term debt, including current maturities Marathon Noncontrolling Interest Net Assets Acquired Removal of preexisting ownership interest Pretax gain on derecognition of preexisting ownership interest $ $ $ $ $ $ 7,318 124,662 50,875 182,855 47,042 12,175 31,765 2,638 2,726 5,200 861 321,380 423,787 13,461 3,011 209 2,230 47,886 66,797 174,135 182,855 (88,426) 36,286 Asset and liability account balances in the opening balance sheet above include the previously consolidated TADE investment balances at carryover basis. The $2.7 million of goodwill recognized is primarily attributable to expected synergies and the assembled workforce of TAMH. None of the goodwill is expected to be deductible for income tax purposes. The fair value in the opening balance sheet of the 49.9% noncontrolling interest in TAMH was estimated to be $174.1 million. The fair value was estimated based on 49.9% of the total equity value of TAMH based on the transaction price for the 50.1% stake in TAMH, considering the consideration transferred noted above. 87 Pro Forma Financial Information (Unaudited) The summary pro forma financial information for the periods presented below gives effect to the LTG and TAMH acquisitions as if they had occurred at January 1, 2018. (in thousands) Net sales Net income Year ended December 31, $ 2019 8,377,863 $ (24,475) 2018 8,588,978 77,007 Pro forma net income was also adjusted to account for the tax effects of the pro forma adjustments noted above using a statutory tax rate of 25%. The amount of LTG’s and Thompsons’ revenue and earnings included in the Company’s consolidated statement of operations for the period ended December 31, 2019 are not practicable to determine given the level of integration of LTG and Thompsons into the Company’s operations effective January 1, 2019. Additionally, the pro forma amounts for net income above have been adjusted to reflect additional depreciation and amortization that would have been charged assuming the fair value adjustments to Property, plant and equipment had been applied on January 1, 2019 and 2018 related to the TAMH merger. The amounts of revenue and earnings in the Company's consolidated income statement in relation to the TAMH merger, since the acquisition date are $50.7 million of net sales and $5.1 million of net loss at the Company's ownership level. Pro forma financial information is not necessarily indicative of the Company's actual results of operations if the acquisition had been completed at the date indicated, nor is it necessarily an indication of future operating results. Amounts do not include any operating efficiencies or cost savings that the Company believes are achievable. 19. Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill by reportable segment for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 are as follows: (in thousands) Balance at January 1, 2017 Acquisitions Impairments Balance at December 31, 2017 Acquisitions Impairments Balance at December 31, 2018 Acquisitions Impairments Trade Plant Nutrient Rail Ethanol Total $ — $ 59,767 $ 4,167 $ — $ 63,934 1,171 — — (59,081) 1,171 — — 1,171 126,610 — 686 — — 686 — — — — 4,167 — — 4,167 — — — — — — — — 1,171 (59,081) 6,024 — — 6,024 2,726 129,336 — — Balance at December 31, 2019 $ 127,781 $ 686 $ 4,167 $ 2,726 $ 135,360 Goodwill for the Trade segment is $127.8 million and net of accumulated impairment losses of $46.4 million as of December 31, 2019. Goodwill for the Plant Nutrient segment is $0.7 million and net of accumulated impairment losses of $68.9 million as of December 31, 2019. Goodwill is tested for impairment annually as of October 1, or more frequently if impairment indicators arise. The Company uses a one-step quantitative approach that compares the business enterprise value ("BEV") of each reporting unit with its carrying value. The BEV was computed based on both an income approach (discounted cash flows) and a market approach. The income approach uses a reporting unit's estimated future cash flows, discounted at the weighted average cost of capital of a hypothetical third-party buyer. The market approach estimates fair value by applying cash flow multiples to the reporting unit's operating performance. The multiples are derived from comparable publicly traded companies with similar operating and investment characteristics to the reporting unit. Any excess of the carrying value of the goodwill over the BEV will be recorded as an impairment loss. The calculation of the BEV is based on significant unobservable inputs, such as price trends, customer demand, material costs and discount rates, and are classified as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy. No goodwill impairment charges were incurred in 2019 or 2018 as a result of our annual impairment testing. 88 During 2017, the Company recorded impairment charges totaling $59.1 million related to the Wholesale reporting unit with the Plant Nutrient segment. As a result, there is no remaining goodwill in the Wholesale reporting unit. The Company's other intangible assets are as follows: (in thousands) December 31, 2019 Intangible asset class Customer list Non-compete agreements Supply agreement Technology Trademarks and patents Lease intangible Software Other December 31, 2018 Intangible asset class Customer list Non-compete agreement Supply agreement Technology Trademarks and patents Lease intangible Software Other Useful Life (in years) Original Cost Accumulated Amortization Net Book Value 3 1 10 10 7 1 2 3 3 1 10 10 7 1 2 3 to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to 10 $ 131,832 $ 33,971 $ 7 10 10 10 8 10 5 23,813 9,060 13,400 15,810 9,744 90,836 445 12,446 6,526 6,197 9,491 4,600 46,010 387 97,861 11,367 2,534 7,203 6,319 5,144 44,826 58 $ 294,940 $ 119,628 $ 175,312 10 $ 40,570 $ 21,706 $ 18,864 7 10 10 10 8 10 5 3,313 9,060 13,400 17,985 11,564 86,723 419 2,753 5,824 4,857 7,682 3,602 37,112 360 $ 183,034 $ 83,896 $ 560 3,236 8,543 10,303 7,962 49,611 59 99,138 Amortization expense for intangible assets was $35.4 million, $19.1 million and $18.1 million for 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Expected future annual amortization expense for the above assets is as follows: 2020 -- $33.5 million; 2021 -- $32.1 million; 2022 -- $23.3 million; 2023 -- $22.1 million; and 2024 -- $18.8 million. In December 2019, the Company recorded impairment charges of $2.5 million for intangibles in the Trade segment related to a frac sand non-compete agreement. The Company also recorded a $2.2 million impairment charge for brand related intangibles within the Plant Nutrient segment in the fourth quarter. 20. Sale of Assets During 2019, the Trade Group sold the agronomy assets of Thompsons Limited, a wholly owned subsidiary, in Ontario, Canada for $25.1 million resulting in a pre-tax gain of $5.7 million recorded in Other income, net. The Plant Nutrient Group sold its farm center assets in Bay City, Michigan for $4.6 million resulting in a pre-tax gain of $2.9 million recorded in Other income, net. The Trade Group sold its assets in Union City, Tennessee for $0.6 million resulting in a pre-tax loss of $0.6 million in Other income, net. During 2018, the Company sold its grain elevators in Humboldt, Kenton and Dyer, Tennessee for $19.5 million plus working capital during the second quarter of 2018 and its Como location for $1.3 million plus working capital during the third quarter of 2018. The Company sold one of its convertible preferred security investments for $6.4 million and recorded a pre-tax gain of $3.9 million in Other income, net. The Company sold fifty barge vessels for $26.9 million and recorded a pre-tax gain of $2.4 million in Other income, net. The Company sold its final retail property for $4.9 million and recorded a nominal gain. 89 During 2017, the Company sold three of its retail properties for $14.7 million and recorded a $8.6 million gain in Other income, net. Additionally, the Company recorded a $1.2 million gain in Other income, net for the sales of fixtures. The Company also sold four farm center locations in Florida for $17.4 million and recorded a $4.7 million gain, net of transaction costs in Other income, net. 21. Quarterly Consolidated Financial Information (Unaudited) The following is a summary of the unaudited quarterly results of operations for 2019 and 2018: (in thousands, except for per common share data) Quarter ended 2019 Sales and merchandising revenues Gross profit Net Income (loss) Net income (loss) attributable to The Andersons, Inc. Earnings (losses) per share-basic Earnings (losses) per share-diluted March 31 June 30 September 30 December 31 Year ended 2019 Quarter ended 2018 March 31 June 30 September 30 December 31 Year ended 2018 $ 1,976,792 $ 109,664 $ (14,148) $ (13,993) $ (0.43) $ 2,325,041 1,982,755 1,885,603 160,728 109,141 138,359 29,411 (5,870) 5,667 29,888 (4,237) 6,649 0.92 (0.13) 0.20 8,170,191 $ 517,892 $ 15,060 $ 18,307 $ 0.56 $ 635,739 $ 63,705 $ (1,982) $ (1,700) $ (0.06) $ 911,402 685,579 812,662 90,474 53,864 93,962 21,413 (1,875) 23,669 21,529 (2,098) 23,753 0.76 (0.07) 0.84 3,045,382 $ 302,005 $ 41,225 $ 41,484 $ 1.47 $ $ $ $ (0.43) 0.91 (0.13) 0.20 0.55 (0.06) 0.76 (0.07) 0.83 1.46 Net income (loss) per share is computed independently for each of the quarters presented. As such, the summation of the quarterly amounts may not equal the total net income per share reported for the year. 90 Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure None. Item 9A. Controls and Procedures Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, we have evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as required by Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(b) as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that these disclosure controls and procedures are effective. Management's Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f). Internal control over financial reporting is designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles and includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the Company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the Company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the Company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the Company's assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements. Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. Under the supervision and with the participation of management, including the certifying officers, the Company conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting based on the criteria established in the Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. We acquired Lansing Trade Group (“LTG”) on January 1, 2019 and during the fourth quarter of 2019 have finalized the integration of LTG processes and other components of internal control over financial reporting into our internal control structure. Based upon the evaluation under this framework, management concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2019. The effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2019 has been audited by Deloitte & Touche LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report, which is included below. Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting There have been no changes in the Company's internal controls over financial reporting during the Company's most recent fiscal quarter that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company's internal controls over financial reporting. 91 REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM To the shareholders and the Board of Directors of The Andersons Inc. Opinion on Internal Control over Financial Reporting We have audited the internal control over financial reporting of The Andersons Inc. and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2019, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2019, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by COSO. We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2019, of the Company and our report dated February 27, 2020, expressed an unqualified opinion on those financial statements based on our audit and included an explanatory paragraph regarding the Company’s change in method of accounting for leases due to the adoption of Accounting Standard Update No. 2016-02, Leases (ASC 842) and Accounting Standards Update No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. Basis for Opinion The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB. We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion. Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements. Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. /s/ DELOITTE & TOUCHE LLP Cleveland, Ohio February 27, 2020 92 Item 9B. Other Information None. Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance Part III. The information required by this Item is set forth under the headings “Corporate Governance,” “Directors,” “Executive Officers” and “Other Information- Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management” in the Company’s 2020 Proxy Statement to be filed with the SEC within 120 days after December 31, 2019 in connection with the solicitation of proxies for the Company’s 2020 annual meeting of shareholders, and is incorporated herein by reference. Item 11. Executive Compensation The information set forth under the caption “Executive Compensation” in the Proxy Statement is incorporated herein by reference. Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters The information set forth under the caption “Share Ownership” and “Executive Compensation - Equity Compensation Plan Information” in the Proxy Statement is incorporated herein by reference. Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence The information set forth under the caption “Review, Approval or Ratification of Transactions with Related Persons” in the Proxy Statement is incorporated herein by reference. Item 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services The information set forth under “Appointment of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm” in the Proxy Statement is incorporated herein by reference. 93  Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules (a) Documents filed as a part of this report 1. Financial Statements Part IV. The Consolidated Financial Statements of the Company are set forth under Item 8 of this report on Form 10-K. 2. Financial Statement Schedules Financial Statement Schedule II - Valuation and Qualifying Accounts included in this Form 10-K. All other schedules are not required under the related instructions or are not applicable. (b) Exhibit Listing Exhibit Number Exhibit Description Form Exhibit 2.1 2.2 2.3 Agreement and Plan of Merger among The Andersons, Inc., Brisket Merger Sub 1, LLC, Brisket Merger Sub 2, LLC, Brisket Merger Sub 3, LLC, LGC Group, Inc. and Lansing Trade Group, LLC, dated October 15, 2018. 8-K First Amendment to and Waiver under that certain Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated December 20, 2018. (Certain exhibits to the agreement have been omitted. The Company will furnish such exhibits to the SEC upon request.) Second Amendment to and Waiver under Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated December 28, 2018. (Certain exhibits to the agreement have been omitted. The Company will furnish such exhibits to the SEC upon request.) 10-K 10-K 2.1 2.2 2.3 3.1** Articles of Incorporation. Filing Date/ Period End Date October 15, 2018 December 31, 2018 December 31, 2018 3.2 4.1 4.2 4.3 10.02 10.03 Code of Regulations of The Andersons, Inc. S-4/A Annex B May 19, 1995 Form of Indenture dated as of October 1, 1985, between The Andersons, Inc. and Ohio Citizens Bank, as Trustee. (the Company will furnish the document to the SEC upon request). S-3 4(a) October 1, 1985 Specimen Common Share Certificate. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to Registration Statement No. 033-58963). S-4/A Form of Indenture dated June 28, 2012, between The Andersons, Inc. and Huntington National Bank, as Trustee (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 in Registration Statement No. 333-182428). 10.01 Cargill Lease and Sublease dated June 1, 2008. First Amendment to Lease and Sublease between Cargill, Incorporated and The Andersons, Inc. S-3 10-K 10-K 4.1 4.1 10.11 10.58 May 19, 1995 June 29, 2012 December 31, 2018 December 31, 2013 Second Amendment to Lease and Sublease between Cargill, Incorporated and The Andersons, Inc. 8-K 10.2 June 28, 2018 10.04 Marketing Agreement between The Andersons, Inc. and Cargill, Incorporated 8-K 10.1 June 28, 2018 10.05* 2004 Employee Share Purchase Plan Restated and Amended January 2019 DEF 14A Appendix B March 19, 2019 94 Exhibit Number 10.06 Exhibit Description Form Exhibit Filing Date/ Period End Date The Andersons, Inc. 2014 Long-Term Incentive Compensation Plan effective May 2, 2014. DEF 14A Appendix C March 12, 2014 10.07* The Andersons, Inc. 2019 Long-Term Incentive Compensation Plan DEF 14A Appendix C March 19, 2019 10.08* Employment Agreement between The Andersons, Inc. and Patrick E. Bowe 10-Q 10 10.09* Management Performance Program 10.10 Form of Change in Control and Severance Participation Agreement 10.11 Change in Control and Severance Policy 10.12* Form of Performance Share Unit Agreement - Earnings Per Share 10.13* Form of Performance Share Unit Agreement - Total Shareholder Return 10.14* Form of Restricted Share Award 10.15* Form of Restricted Share Award - Non-Employee Directors Agreement 10.16 Amended and Restated Revolving Asset Based Loan Agreement, dated August 2, 2018, between The Andersons Railcar Leasing Company LLC, as borrower, and The Andersons Railcar Company LLC, as guarantor, with PNC Bank, National Association. 10.17* The Andersons, Inc. Lansing Acquisition 2018 Inducement and Retention Plan dated December 21, 2018 10.18* Inducement and Retention Restricted Stock Award Agreement 10-K 10-K 10-K 10-Q 10-Q 10-Q 10-Q 8-K S-8 S-8 10.19* Employment Agreement between The Andersons, Inc. and William E. Krueger 8-K 10.20 Credit Agreement, dated January 11, 2019, between The Andersons, Inc., as borrower, and several banks with U.S. Bank National Association acting as Lead Agent. 8-K 10.21* Form of Performance Share Unit Agreement - Total Shareholder Return 10.22* Form of Restricted Share Award 10.23* Form of Performance Share Unit Agreement - Earnings Per Share 10.24* Form of Restricted Share Award - Non-Employee Directors Agreement 10-Q 10-Q 10-Q 10-Q 95 10.33 10.34 10.35 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.1 4 10.1 10 10.1 10.3 10.4 10.1 10.2 September 30, 2015 December 31, 2017 December 31, 2017 December 31, 2017 March 31, 2018 March 31, 2018 March 31, 2018 March 31, 2018 August 7, 2018 December 21, 2018 December 21, 2018 January 2, 2019 January 14, 2019 March 31, 2019 March 31, 2019 June 30, 2019 June 30, 2019 Exhibit Number 10.25 10.26 10.27 Exhibit Description Form Exhibit Filing Date/ Period End Date AGREEMENT AND PLAN OF MERGER by and among THE ANDERSONS INC., THE ANDERSONS ETHANOL LLC, MARATHON RENEWABLE FUELS CORPORATION, THE ANDERSONS ALBION ETHANOL LLC, THE ANDERSONS CLYMERS ETHANOL LLC, THE ANDERSONS MARATHON ETHANOL LLC, THE ANDERSONS DENISON ETHANOL LLC and THE ANDERSONS MARATHON HOLDINGS LLC dated October 1, 2019. (Exhibits within the agreement have been omitted and can be furnished to the SEC upon request.) CREDIT AGREEMENT by and among THE ANDERSONS MARATHON HOLDINGS LLC, as Borrower, THE GUARANTORS PARTY HERETO, THE LENDERS PARTY HERETO and COBANK, ACB, as Administrative Agent COBANK, ACB and FARM CREDIT MID-AMERICA, PCA, as Joint Lead Arrangers and Bookrunners dated October 1, 2019. LOAN AGREEMENT between METLIFE REAL ESTATE LENDING LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, as Lender and THE ANDERSONS, INC., an Ohio corporation, as Borrower, FIRST MORTGAGE LOAN in the amount of $105,000,000.00 dated as of November 14, 2019. (Schedules within the Loan Agreement have been omitted and can be furnished to the SEC upon request.) 8-K 10.1 October 3, 2019 8-K 10.2 October 3, 2019 8-K 10.1 November 18, 2019 10.28 First Amendment to Credit Agreement between THE ANDERSONS MARATHON HOLDINGS LLC and BOBANK, ACB. 8-K 10.1 December 17, 2019 21.1** Consolidated Subsidiaries of The Andersons, Inc. 23.1** Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm - Deloitte & Touche LLP. 23.2** Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm - KPMG LLP. 23.3** Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm - KPMG LLP. 23.4** Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm - PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP - Canada. 31.1** Certification of the Chief Executive Officer under Rule 13(a)-14(a)/15d-14(a). 31.2** Certification of the Chief Financial Officer under Rule 13(a)-14(a)/15d-14(a). 32.1*** Certifications Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350. 95** Mine Safety Disclosure 101** 104** Inline XBRL Document Set for the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes in Part II, Item 8, “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Inline XBRL for the cover page of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, included in the Exhibit 101 Inline XBRL Document Set. * Indicates management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement. ** Filed herewith. *** Furnished herewith. 96  Item 16. Form 10-K Summary Not applicable 97 SCHEDULE II - CONSOLIDATED VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS THE ANDERSONS, INC. Description (in thousands) Allowance for doubtful accounts receivable 2019 2018 2017 Balance at beginning of period Charged to costs and expenses Charged to other accounts Deductions (1) Balance at end of period Additions $ 8,325 $ 4,678 $ 9,156 7,706 542 3,000 — $ — — (222) $ (1,373) (1,550) 12,781 8,325 9,156 (1) Uncollectible accounts written off, net of recoveries and adjustments to estimates for the allowance for doubtful accounts receivable accounts. 98 Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized. SIGNATURES Date: February 27, 2020 THE ANDERSONS, INC. (Registrant) By /s/ Patrick E. Bowe Patrick E. Bowe Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer) Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated. Signature /s/ Patrick E. Bowe Patrick E. Bowe Title Date Signature Title Date Chief Executive Officer 2/27/2020 /s/ Catherine M. Kilbane Director 2/27/2020 (Principal Executive Officer) Catherine M. Kilbane /s/ Brian A. Valentine Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer 2/27/2020 /s/ Ross W. Manire Director 2/27/2020 Brian A. Valentine (Principal Financial Officer) Ross W. Manire /s/ Michael T. Hoelter Corporate Controller 2/27/2020 /s/ Patrick S. Mullin Director 2/27/2020 Michael T. Hoelter (Principal Accounting Officer) Patrick S. Mullin /s/ Michael J. Anderson, Sr. Chairman 2/27/2020 /s/ John T. Stout, Jr. Director 2/27/2020 Michael J. Anderson, Sr. /s/ Gerard M. Anderson Gerard M. Anderson /s/ Stephen F. Dowdle Stephen F. Dowdle /s/ Pamela S. Hershberger Pamela S. Hershberger John T. Stout, Jr. Director 2/27/2020 /s/ Jacqueline F. Woods Director 2/27/2020 Jacqueline F. Woods Director 2/27/2020 /s/ Robert J. King, Jr. Director 2/27/2020 Robert J. King, Jr. Director 2/27/2020 99 AMENDED AND RESTATED ARTICLES OF INCORPORATION OF THE ANDERSONS MANAGEMENT CORP. Exhibit 3.1 FIRST: Name. The name of the Corporation shall be The Andersons, Inc. SECOND: Office. The principal office of the Corporation is to be located at 1947 Briarfield Boulevard, Maumee, in Lucas County, Ohio 43537. THIRD: Purpose. The Corporation is formed to engage in any lawful act or activity for which a corporation may be formed under the Ohio General Corporation Law. FOURTH: Shares. (a) Authorized Shares. The total number of shares the Corporation has authority to issue is 64,000,000 shares, consisting of 1,000,000 preferred shares, no par value per share (the “Preferred Shares”), and 63,000,000 common shares, no par value per share (the “Common Shares”). The number of authorized Preferred Shares may not be decreased unless such decrease is approved by the affirmative vote of the holders of not less than two-thirds (2/3) of the outstanding Common Shares. Any such decrease may be affected without a vote of the holders of the Preferred Shares, or of any series thereof, unless a vote of any such holders is required pursuant to the instrument designating the terms of a series of Preferred Shares. In no event may the number of authorized Preferred Shares be decreased below the number of shares thereof then outstanding. Any issuance of shares of the Corporation must be approved by directors constituting not less than two-thirds (2/3) of the directors then in office. (b) Recapitalization. Immediately upon the effectiveness of these Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation, each previously outstanding share of the Corporation’s Class A Common Shares shall be, without further action by the Corporation or the holder thereof, changed and converted into a number of Common Shares determined by dividing the book value of such share at the Measurement Date by $8, and each previously outstanding share of the Corporation’s Class B Common Shares shall be, without further action by the Corporation or the holder thereof, changed and converted into a number of Common Shares determined by dividing the book value of such share at the Measurement Date by $8. In lieu of issuing fractional Common Shares to any holder of Class A Common Shares or Class B Common Shares, the book value of such fractional Common Share calculated as of the Measurement Date shall be paid by the Corporation to such holder in cash. The “Measurement Date” shall be a date set by the board of directors of the Corporation (the “Board of Directors”), which date shall be after the date on which the limited partners of The Andersons, an Ohio limited partnership and the shareholders of the Corporation vote to approve a merger of The Andersons with and into the Corporation but prior to the effective date of such merger. The Board of Directors shall have the right in its discretion to cancel a Measurement Date and declare a new Measurement Date at any time prior to such effective date. (a) Preferred Shares. Pursuant to Section 1701.06(A)(12) of the Ohio Revised Code, the Board of Directors of the Corporation may, by the affirmative vote of at least two-thirds (2/3) of the directors then in office and subject to the limitations prescribed by law and the provisions of these Articles of Incorporation, provide for the issuance of Preferred Shares or provide for the issuance of Preferred Shares in one or more series, establish from time to time the number of shares to be included in each such series and fix the designations, voting powers, preferences, rights and qualifications, limitations or restrictions of the Preferred Shares of each such series. (b) Common Shares. Except as otherwise provided by the General Corporation Law of the State of Ohio, by these Articles of Incorporation (or any amendments hereto) and subject to the rights of holders of Preferred Shares, all of the voting power of the Shareholders of the Corporation shall be vested in the holders of the Common Shares, and each holder of Common Shares shall have one (1) vote for each Common Share held by such holder on all matters voted upon by the shareholders. (c) Voting. Pursuant to Section 1701.52 of the Ohio Revised Code, notwithstanding any provisions in Section 1701.01 to 1701.98, inclusive, of the Ohio Revised Code requiring for any purpose the vote, consent, waiver, or release of the holders of any designated portion (but less than all) of the shares of any particular class or of each class of the Corporation’s shares, and unless otherwise expressly set forth in these Articles of Incorporation or the Corporation’s Code of Regulations, action may be taken on any matter at any shareholder’s meeting by the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the shares entitled to vote thereon. Unless otherwise expressly set forth in these Articles of Incorporation, the Corporation’s Code of Regulations, or an instrument designating the terms of a series of Preferred Shares, no shareholder or holder of rights to purchase the Corporation’s shares shall be entitled to vote such shares or rights unless such shares have been issued and are fully paid and non‑assessable. (d) Preemptive Rights. Unless otherwise expressly set forth in the instrument designating the terms of a series of Preferred Shares or in any written agreement entered into by the Corporation, no holder of shares of any class of the Corporation’s capital shares shall have any right, preemptive or otherwise, to subscribe for or purchase any of the Corporation’s shares hereafter issued or sold. FIFTH: Code of Regulations. In furtherance and not in limitation of the powers conferred by statute, the shareholders of the Corporation are expressly authorized to adopt, amend or repeal the Corporation’s Code of Regulations; provided, however, that, in addition to any vote of the holders of any class or series of shares of the Corporation required by law or by these Articles of Incorporation, the affirmative vote of the holders of not less than two-thirds (2/3) of the outstanding Common Shares entitled to vote on each matter on which the holders of record of Common Shares shall be entitled to vote shall be required in order for the shareholders to adopt, amend or repeal any provision of the Corporation’s Code of Regulations. SIXTH: No Cumulative Voting. The Corporation hereby eliminates the right of its shareholders to cumulate their voting power under Section 1701.55(C)-(D) of the Ohio Revised Code, as permitted by Section 1701.69 (B)(10) of the Ohio Revised Code. SEVENTH: Certain Voting Requirements. In addition to the requirements of applicable state law, and the other provisions of these Articles: (a) The approval required for any Business Combination shall be the affirmative vote of the holders of at least two-thirds (2/3) of the voting power of the outstanding Common Shares not Beneficially Owned by the Controlling Persons that cause the transaction contemplated by such Business Combination to constitute a Business Combination; provided that no such vote under this Article SEVENTH shall be required if: (i) (A) the Business Combination will result in an involuntary sale, redemption, cancellation or other termination of ownership of all shares of voting Common Shares of the Corporation owned by shareholders who do not vote in favor of the Business Combination; such shareholders for such shares shall at least be equal to the Minimum Price Per Share; and (B) the cash or fair value of other readily marketable consideration to be received by (C) a proxy statement responsive to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 shall be mailed to the shareholders of the Corporation for the purpose of soliciting shareholder approval of the Business Combination; or (ii) the then current Board of Directors of the Corporation shall by the affirmative vote of at least two-thirds (2/3) of the directors then in office have approved the Business Combination as being in the best interests of the Corporation. (b) Solely for purposes of this Article SEVENTH, the following definitions shall apply: (i) “Affiliate” shall mean with respect to a Person, a Person that directly, or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, controls, or is controlled by, or is under common control with such Person. (ii) “Associate” shall mean with respect to a Person: (A) any corporation or organization of which such Person is an officer or partner or of which such Person is, directly or indirectly, the Beneficial Owner of five percent (5%) or more of any class of equity securities; (B) any trust or other estate in which such Person has a five percent (5%) or larger beneficial interest of any nature or as to which such Person serves as trustee or in a similar fiduciary capacity; or (C) the immediate family of such Person, including without limitation, a spouse, parents, children (even if of legal age and living independently), siblings, fathers and mothers-in-laws, sons and daughters-in-law, and brothers and sisters-in-law. (iii) “Beneficially Own” shall include, without limitation, with respect to any Person: Person or by an Associate of such Person or such Affiliate; (A) all shares directly or indirectly owned by such Person, by an Affiliate of such (B) all shares which such Person, Affiliate or Associate has the right to acquire (1) through the exercise of any option, warrant or right (whether or not currently exercisable), (2) through the conversion of a security, (3) pursuant to the power to revoke a trust, discretionary account or similar arrangement, or (4) pursuant to the automatic termination of a trust, discretionary account or similar arrangement; and (C) all shares as to which such Person, Affiliate or Associate directly or indirectly, through any contract, arrangement, understanding or relationship between or among any two or more shareholders has or shares voting power (which includes the power to vote or to direct the voting of such shares) or investment power (which includes the power to dispose or to direct the disposition of such shares) or both. (iv) “Business Combination” shall mean: Controlling Person or Associate of such Controlling Person or Affiliate; (A) any merger of the Corporation with or into a Controlling Person or Affiliate of a (B) any sale, lease, exchange, transfer or other disposition, including without limitation a mortgage or any other security device, of all or any Substantial Part of the assets of the Corporation (including without limitation any voting securities of a Subsidiary) or of a Subsidiary, to or with a Controlling Person or Affiliate of a Controlling Person or Associate of such Controlling Person or Affiliate; an Affiliate of a Controlling Person or an Associate of such Controlling Person or Affiliate; (C) any merger into the Corporation, or into a Subsidiary, of a Controlling Person or (D) any sale, lease, exchange, transfer or other disposition to the Corporation or a Subsidiary of all or any part of the assets of a Controlling Person or Affiliate of a Controlling Person or Associate of such Controlling Person or Affiliate but not including any dispositions of assets which, if included with all other dispositions to the Corporation or a Subsidiary consummated during the same fiscal year of the Corporation by the same Controlling Person, Affiliates thereof and Associates of such Controlling Person or Affiliates would not result in dispositions during such year by all such Persons of assets having an aggregate fair value (determined at the time of disposition of the respective assets) in excess of one percent (1%) of the total consolidated assets of the Corporation (as shown on its certified balance sheet as of the end of the fiscal year preceding the proposed disposition), provided that in no event shall any disposition of assets be excepted from shareholder approval by reason of the preceding exclusion if such disposition, when included with all other dispositions consummated during the same, and immediately preceding two fiscal years of the Corporation by the same Controlling Person, Affiliates thereof and Associates of such Controlling Person, Affiliates thereof and Associates of such Controlling Person or Affiliates, would result in dispositions by all such Persons of assets having an aggregate fair value (determined at the time of disposition of the respective assets) in excess of two percent (2%) of the total consolidated assets of the Corporation (as shown on its certified balance sheet as of the end of the fiscal year preceding the proposed disposition); (E) any reclassification of voting Common Shares of the Corporation, or any recapitalization involving voting Common Shares of the Corporation, consummated within three years after a Controlling Person becomes a Controlling Person; and transactions described in this definition of Business Combination. (F) any agreement, contract or other arrangement providing for any of the Notwithstanding anything to the contrary herein, Business Combination shall not include dissolution of the Corporation, or any Statutory Merger, or any transaction involving a Controlling Person or Affiliate of a Controlling Person or Associate of such Controlling Person or Affiliate which is to be consummated or become effective after such Controlling Person has been a Controlling Person for at least three years. (v) “Control” shall mean the possession, directly or indirectly, of the power to direct or cause the direction of the management and policies of a Person, whether through the ownership of voting securities, by contract or otherwise. (vi) “Controlling Person” shall mean any Person who Beneficially Owns a number of voting shares of the Corporation, whether or not such number includes shares not then issued, which exceeds ten percent (10%) of the voting power of the shares of the Corporation entitled to vote. (vii) “Exempt Person” shall mean (A) each Person that is a holder of Common Shares immediately after giving effect to the merger of The Andersons, an Ohio limited partnership, with and into the Corporation; (B) to the extent a Person described in (A) above is an individual, such Person’s spouse, descendants, spouses of descendants, trustee of trusts established for the benefit of such Person, spouses and/or descendants (acting in their capacity as trustees of such trusts), and executors of estates of such Person, spouses and/or descendants (acting in their capacity as executors of such estates); and (C) any Person (1) of which Persons described in (A) and/or (B) above own more than eighty percent (80%) of the voting shares or other voting interests and (2) of which Persons described in (A) and/or (B) above own shares or other interests representing more than eighty percent (80%) of the total value of the shares or other interests of such Person. For purposes of this definition “spouses” shall include widows and widowers until first remarried and “descendants” shall include descendants by adoption. Notwithstanding the foregoing sentence, none of the persons described in clauses (A), (B) and (C) above shall continue to be an Exempt Person by virtue of such clauses after the earliest date on which such Persons are owners in the aggregate of less than twenty-five percent (25%) of the Corporation’s outstanding voting shares (determined without taking into account any securities exercisable or exchangeable for, or convertible into, the Corporation’s voting shares, other than any such securities owned by such Persons). (viii) “Minimum Price Per Share” shall mean the higher of (A) the highest gross per share price paid or agreed to be paid to acquire any shares of voting Common Shares of the Corporation Beneficially Owned by a Controlling Person (other than any price paid or deemed to be paid for any such shares issued pursuant to the amendment and restatement of these Articles of Incorporation in connection with the merger of The Andersons, an Ohio limited partnership, into the Corporation or for any such shares issued in such merger), provided such payment or agreement to make payment was made within three years immediately prior to the record date set to determine the shareholders entitled to vote on the Business Combination in question, or in the case of a Statutory Merger, three years immediately prior to the effective date of such Statutory Merger, or (B) the highest per share asked public market price (in the event the shares are not listed on a national securities exchange) or the highest per share closing public market price (in the event the shares are listed on a national securities exchange) for such shares during such three year period. The calculation of the Minimum Price Per Share shall require appropriate adjustments for capital changes, including without limitation share splits, share dividends, reserves share splits, and share distributions. (ix) “Person” shall mean an individual, a partnership, a limited liability company, a corporation, an association, a joint stock company, a trust, an unincorporated organization or a governmental entity or any department, agency or political subdivision thereof. (x) “Securities Exchange Act of 1934” shall mean the Securities Act of 1934, as amended from time to time as well as any successor or replacement statute. (xi) “Statutory Merger” shall mean any merger of the Corporation into another entity pursuant to Sections 1701.80 and 1701.801 of the Ohio Revised Code, as amended from time to time, or any successor or replacement statute (collectively the “Merger Statute”), but only if the Merger Statute does not give voting rights to the shareholders of the Corporation with respect to the merger. If voting rights are required by the Merger Statute, or in connection therewith, a merger under such section shall not be a Statutory Merger for purposes of this Article SEVENTH. (xii) “Subsidiary” shall mean with respect to any Person, any corporation, partnership, association or other business entity of which (i) if a corporation, twenty percent (20%) or more of the total voting power of shares of stock entitled (without regard to the occurrence of any contingency) to vote in the election of directors, managers or trustees thereof is at the time owned or controlled, directly or indirectly, by that Person or one or more of the other Subsidiaries of that Person or a combination thereof; or (ii) if a partnership, limited liability company, association or other business entity, twenty percent (20%) or more of the partnership or other similar ownership interest thereof is at the time owned or controlled, directly or indirectly, by any Person or one or more Subsidiaries of that Person or a combination thereof. For purposes hereof, a Person or Persons shall be deemed to have twenty percent (20%) or more ownership interest in a partnership, limited liability company, association or other business entity if such Person or Persons shall be allocated twenty percent (20%) or more of partnership, association or other business entity gains or losses or shall be or control the managing director or general partner of such partnership, association or other business entity. (xiii) “Substantial Part” shall mean more than ten percent (10%) of the total assets of the corporation in question, as shown on its certified balance sheet as of the end of the most recent fiscal year ended prior to the time the determination is being made. (c) A Controlling Person shall be subject to all fiduciary and other standards of conduct and obligations imposed by applicable state law and shall be considered not to have satisfied such standards of conduct and obligations unless such Controlling Person shall, in the event of a Statutory Merger which occurs before the Controlling Person has been a Controlling Person for three years, pay or cause to be paid for each voting Common Share of the Corporation, as to which share ownership is being sold, redeemed, cancelled or otherwise terminated in a Statutory Merger, cash or other readily marketable consideration having a fair value at least equal to the Minimum Price Per Share. (d) This Article SEVENTH may not be amended, altered, changed or repealed in any respect unless such action is approved by the affirmative vote of the holders of at least two-thirds (2/3) of the voting power of the outstanding Common Shares not Beneficially Owned by Controlling Persons; provided, however, that solely for purposes of this subsection (d), the term Controlling Persons shall not include any Exempt Persons. EIGHTH: Corporate Repurchase of Shares. Pursuant to Section 1701.35 of the Ohio Revised Code, when authorized by the affirmative vote of a majority of the directors then in office, without the action or approval of its shareholders, the Corporation may redeem, purchase or contract to purchase, at any time and from time to time, shares of any class of its capital shares, for such prices and upon and subject to such terms and conditions as the Board of Directors may determine. NINTH: Self-interest. No officer, director or shareholder of the Corporation shall be disqualified by his or her office, membership or stock ownership from dealing or contracting with the Corporation as a vendor, purchaser, employee, agent or in any other similar or dissimilar capacity; nor shall any transaction, contract or act of the Corporation be void or voidable or in any way affected or invalidated by reason of the fact that any such officer, director or shareholder of the Corporation, any firm of which he or she may be a member, or any other Corporation or affiliate or subsidiary of which he or she may be an officer, director or shareholder, is in any way interested in such transaction, contract or act, provided the interest of such officer, director or shareholder is disclosed to or known by the Board of Directors of the Corporation, or such members thereof as shall be present at any meeting at which action is taken upon any such transaction, contract or act, or for any gains or profits realized by him or her by reason of the fact that he or she, any firm of which he or she is a member, or any corporation or affiliate or subsidiary of which he or she is an officer, director or shareholder is interested in any such transaction, contract or act. Any such officer, director or shareholder, if he or she is a director, may be counted in determining the existence of a quorum at any meeting of the Board of Directors of the Corporation which shall authorize or take action upon any such transaction, contract or act, and he or she may vote at any such meeting to authorize, adopt, ratify or approve any such transaction, contract or act to the same extent as if he or she, any firm of which he or she is a member, or any other corporation or affiliate or subsidiary of which he or she is an officer, director or shareholder, were not interested in such transaction, contract or act. TENTH: Business Combinations. In the event that it is proposed that the Corporation enter into a merger or consolidation with any other Person (other than a direct or indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of the Corporation), or sell or otherwise dispose of all or substantially all of its assets or business in one transaction or a series of transactions, or liquidate or dissolve, the affirmative vote of the holders of not less than two-thirds (2/3) of the outstanding Common Shares entitled to vote on each matter on which the holders of record of Common Shares shall be entitled to vote shall be required for the approval of such proposal; provided, however, that the foregoing shall not apply to any such merger, consolidation, sale, disposition, liquidation or dissolution which is approved by the affirmative vote of two-thirds (2/3) of the directors then in office, if the majority of the members of the Board of Directors so voting were members of the Board of Directors of the Corporation prior to the public announcement of the proposed merger, consolidation, sale, disposition, dissolution or liquidation and prior to the public announcement of any transaction relating to such merger, consolidation, sale, disposition, dissolution or liquidation. If such approval is granted, then such transaction shall only require the approval otherwise required under the other Articles of these Articles of Incorporation and under the Ohio General Corporation Law. For purposes of this Article TENTH, “Person” shall mean an individual, a partnership, a limited liability company, a corporation, an association, a joint stock company, a trust, an unincorporated organization or a governmental entity or any department, agency or political subdivision thereof. ELEVENTH: Control Share Acquisitions. No Person shall make a Control Share Acquisition without the prior authorization of the shareholders of the Corporation. (a) In order to obtain authorization of a Control Share Acquisition by the shareholders of the Corporation, a Person shall deliver a notice (the “Acquisition Notice”) to the Corporation at its principal place of business that sets forth all of the following information: (i) the identity of the Person who is giving the Acquisition Notice; (ii) a statement that the Acquisition Notice is given pursuant to this Article ELEVENTH; by the Person who gives the Acquisition Notice; (iii) the number and class of shares of the Corporation owned, directly or indirectly, would, if consummated, fall; (iv) the range of voting power under which the proposed Control Share Acquisition Acquisition; and (v) a description in reasonable detail of the terms of the proposed Control Share (vi) representations, supported by reasonable evidence, that the proposed Control Share Acquisition; if consummated, would not be contrary to law and that the Person who is giving the Acquisition Notice has the financial capacity to make the proposed Control Share Acquisition. (b) (i) The Board of Directors of the Corporation shall, within ten (10) days after receipt by the Corporation of an Acquisition Notice that complies with paragraph (a), call a special meeting of shareholders to be held not later than fifty (50) days after receipt of the Acquisition Notice by the Corporation, unless the Person who delivered the Acquisition Notice agrees to a later date, to consider the proposed Control Share Acquisition; provided, that, the Board of Directors shall have no obligation to call such meeting if they make a determination within ten (10) days after receipt of the Acquisition Notice (A) that the Acquisition Notice was not given in good faith, (B) that the proposed Control Share Acquisition would not be in the best interests of the Corporation and its shareholders, (C) that the Person who delivered the Acquisition Notice has failed to adequately demonstrate that such Person has the financial capacity to make the proposed Control Share Acquisition or (D) that the proposed Control Share Acquisition would be contrary to law if consummated. The Board of Directors may adjourn such meeting if, prior to such meeting, (1) the Corporation has received an Acquisition Notice from any other Person or (2) a merger, consolidation or sale of assets of the Corporation has been approved by the Board of Directors and the Board of Directors has determined that the Control Share Acquisition proposed by such other Person or the merger, consolidation or sale of assets of the Corporation so approved should be presented to shareholders at an adjourned meeting or at a special meeting held at a later date. (ii) For purposes of making a determination that a special meeting of shareholders should not be called pursuant to this paragraph (b), no such determination shall be deemed void or voidable with respect to the Corporation merely because one or more of its directors or officers who participated in making such determination may be deemed to be other than disinterested, if in any such case the material facts of the relationship giving rise to a basis for self-interest are known to the directors and the directors, in good faith reasonably justified by the facts, make such determination by the affirmative vote of a majority of the disinterested directors, even though the disinterested directors constitute less than a quorum. For purposes of this paragraph (b), “disinterested directors” shall mean directors whose material contacts with the Corporation are limited principally to activities as a director or shareholder. Persons who have substantial, recurring business or professional transactions with the Corporation shall not be deemed to be “disinterested directors” for purposes of this provision. A director shall not be deemed to be other than a “disinterested director” merely because he or she would no longer be a director if the proposed Control Share Acquisition were approved and consummated. (c) The Corporation shall give notice of such special meeting to all shareholders of record as of the record date set for such meeting as promptly as practicable. Such notice shall include or be accompanied by a copy of the Acquisition Notice and by a statement of the Corporation, authorized by the Board of Directors, of its position or recommendation, or that it is taking no position or making no recommendation, with respect to the proposed Control Share Acquisition. (d) The Person who delivered the Acquisition Notice may make the proposed Control Share Acquisition if both the following occur: (i) the shareholders of the Corporation authorize such acquisition at the special meeting called by the Board of Directors and held for that purpose, and at which a quorum is present, by an affirmative vote of the holders of two-thirds (2/3) of the Voting Shares represented at such meeting in person or by proxy and by an affirmative vote of the holders of two-thirds (2/3) of the portion of such Voting Shares represented at such meeting in person or by proxy excluding the votes of Interested Shares; and (ii) such acquisition is consummated, in accordance with the terms so authorized, not later than 360 days following such shareholder authorization of the Control Share Acquisition. (e) Shares issued or transferred to any Person in violation of this Article ELEVENTH shall be valid only with respect to such amount of shares as does not result in a violation of this Article ELEVENTH, and such issuance or transfer shall be null and void with respect to the remainder of such shares (any such remainder of shares being hereinafter called “Excess Shares”) unless within 30 days of the date on which the Board of Directors determines that such Excess Shares have been issued or transferred, the issuance or transfer of such Excess Shares is approved by the Board of Directors, which approval makes specific reference to this paragraph (e) of this Article ELEVENTH. If the issuance or transfer of such Excess Shares is approved by the Board of Directors in accordance with the provisions of this paragraph, then the issuance or transfer of such Excess Shares shall be deemed, for all purposes, to have been approved prior to the date of such issuance or transfer in accordance with paragraph (f)(ii)(B)(5) of this Article ELEVENTH. If the second clause of the first sentence of this paragraph (e) is determined to be invalid by virtue of any legal decision, statute, rule or regulation, any Person who holds Excess Shares in violation of this Article ELEVENTH shall be conclusively deemed to have acted as an agent on behalf of the Corporation in acquiring such Excess Shares and to hold such Excess Shares on behalf of the Corporation. While held by any Person in violation of this Article ELEVENTH, Excess Shares shall not be entitled to any voting rights, shall not be considered to be outstanding for quorum or voting purposes, and the holders thereof shall not be entitled to receive dividends or any other distribution with respect to Excess Shares and, if such dividends or distributions are received, shall hold the same as agent for the Corporation and, following a permitted transfer, for the transferee thereof. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any holder of Excess Shares may transfer the same (together with any distributions thereon) to any Person who, following such transfer, would not own shares in violation of this Article ELEVENTH. Upon such permitted transfer, the Corporation shall pay or distribute to the transferee any dividends or other distributions on the Excess Shares not previously paid or distributed. (f) As used in this Article ELEVENTH: (i) “Person” shall mean an individual, a partnership, a limited liability company, a corporation, an association, a joint stock company, a trust, an unincorporated organization or a governmental entity or any department, agency or political subdivision thereof and two or more of any of the foregoing Persons having a joint or common interest. (ii) (A) “Control Share Acquisition” means the acquisition, directly or indirectly, alone or with others, by any Person of shares of the Corporation that, when added to all other shares of the Corporation in respect of which such Person may exercise or direct the exercise of voting power as provided in this paragraph (F)(2)(i), would entitle such Person, immediately after such acquisition, directly or indirectly to exercise or direct the exercise of voting power of the Corporation in the election of directors within any of the following ranges of such voting power: (1) One-fifth (1/5) or more but less than one-third (1/3) of such voting power; (2) One-third (1/3) or more but less than a majority of such voting power; (3) A majority or more of such voting power. A bank, broker, nominee, trustee, or other Person who acquires shares in the ordinary course of business for the benefit of others in good faith and not for the purpose of circumventing, this Article ELEVENTH shall, however, be deemed to have voting power only of shares in respect of which such Person would be able to exercise or direct the exercise of votes without further instruction from others at a meeting of shareholders called under this Article ELEVENTH. For purposes of this Article ELEVENTH, the acquisition of securities immediately convertible into the shares of the Corporation with voting power in the election of directors shall be treated as an acquisition of such shares. (B) The acquisition of any shares of the Corporation does not constitute a Control Share Acquisition for the purpose of this Article ELEVENTH if the acquisition is consummated in any of the following circumstances. Article ELEVENTH, in connection with an offering of the securities of the Corporation to the public; (1) By underwriters, in good faith and not for the purpose of circumventing this (2) By bequest or inheritance, by operation of law upon the death of any individual, or by any other transfer without valuable consideration, including a gift, that is made in good faith and not for the purpose of circumventing this Article ELEVENTH; faith and not for the purpose of circumventing this Article ELEVENTH; (3) Pursuant to the satisfaction of a pledge or other security interest created in good (4) Pursuant to a merger or consolidation adopted, or a combination or majority share acquisition authorized, by shareholder vote in compliance with the provisions of §1701.78 or §1701.83 of the Ohio Revised Code if the Corporation is the surviving or new corporation in the merger or consolidation or is the acquiring corporation in the combination or majority share acquisition and if the vote of shareholders of the surviving, new, or acquiring corporation is required by the provisions of §1701.78 or §1701.83 of the Ohio Revised Code; (5) Pursuant to a transaction which has received the prior authorization of the Board of Directors of the Corporation which authorization makes specific references to this paragraph (f)(ii)(B)(5); or (6) Solely by one or more Exempt Persons. The acquisition by any Person of shares of the Corporation in a manner described under this paragraph (f)(ii)(B) shall be deemed to be a Control Share Acquisition authorized pursuant to this Article ELEVENTH within the range of voting power under paragraph (f)(ii)(A)(l), (2) or (3) of this Article ELEVENTH that such Person is entitled to exercise after such acquisition, provided that, in the case of an acquisition in a manner described under paragraph (f)(ii)(B)(2) or (3), the transferor of such shares to such Person had previously obtained or was deemed to have obtained any authorization of shareholders required under this Article ELEVENTH in connection with such transferor’s acquisition of shares of the Corporation. (C) The acquisition of shares of the Corporation in good faith and not for the purpose of circumventing this Article ELEVENTH, the acquisition of which (1) had previously been authorized by shareholders in compliance with this Article ELEVENTH or (2) would have constituted a Control Share Acquisition but for paragraph (f)(ii)(B), does not constitute a Control Share Acquisition for the purpose of this Article ELEVENTH unless such acquisition entitles any Person, directly or indirectly, to exercise or direct the exercise of voting power of the Corporation in the election of directors in excess of the range of such voting power authorized pursuant to this Article ELEVENTH, or deemed to be so authorized under paragraph (f)(ii)(B). (iii) “Exempt Person” shall mean (A) each Person that is a holder of Common Shares immediately after giving effect to the merger of The Andersons, an Ohio limited partnership, with and into the Corporation; (B) to the extent a Person described in (A) above is an individual, such Person’s spouse, descendants, spouses of descendants, trustee of trusts established for the benefit of such Person, spouses and/or descendants (acting in their capacity as trustees of such trusts), and executors of estates of such Person, spouses and/or descendants (acting in their capacity as executors of such estates); and (C) any Person (1) of which Persons described in (A) and/or (B) above own more than eighty percent (80%) of the voting shares or other voting interests and (2) of which Persons described in (A) and/or (B) above own shares or other interests representing more than eighty percent (80%) of the total value of the shares or other interests of such Person. For purposes of this definition, “spouses” shall include widows and widowers until first remarried and “descendants” shall include descendants by adoption. Notwithstanding the foregoing sentence, none of the Persons described in clauses (A), (B) and (C) above shall continue to be an Exempt Person by virtue of such clauses after the earliest date on which such Persons are owners in the aggregate of less than twenty-five percent (25%) of the Corporation’s outstanding voting shares (determined without taking into account any securities exercisable or exchangeable for, or convertible into, the Corporation’s voting shares, other than any such securities owned by such Persons). (iv) “Interested Shares” means Voting Shares with respect to which any of the following Persons may exercise or direct the exercise of the voting power; (A) any Person whose Acquisition Notice prompted the calling of the meeting of shareholders; (B) any officer of the Corporation elected or appointed by the directors of the Corporation; and (C) any employee of the Corporation who is also a director of the Corporation. (v) “Voting Shares” means shares of any class or series of shares of the Corporation entitled to vote generally in the election of directors. (g) No proxy appointed for or in connection with the shareholder authorization of a Control Share Acquisition pursuant to this Article ELEVENTH shall be valid unless it provides that it is revocable. No such proxy is valid unless it is sought, appointed, and received both: (i) in accordance with all applicable requirements of law; and (ii) separate and apart from the sale or purchase, contract or tender for sale or purchase, or request, or invitation for tender for sale or purchase, of shares of the Corporation. (h) Proxies appointed for or in connection with the shareholder authorization of a Control Share Acquisition pursuant to this Article ELEVENTH shall be revocable at all times prior to the obtaining of such shareholder authorization, whether or not coupled with an interest. (i) The provisions of § 1701.831 of the Ohio Revised Code, as amended from time to time, or any successor provision or provisions to said section, shall only apply to this Corporation with respect to any particular Control Share Acquisition attempt, as such is defined in § 1701.831 of the Ohio Revised Code, in the event that there is a determination by a court of competent jurisdiction with respect to which no appeal is pending that the provisions of this Article ELEVENTH are invalid or otherwise cease to be included in these Articles of Incorporation. TWELFTH: Transactions with Interested Shareholders. (a) The Corporation shall not engage in any Business Combination with any Interested Shareholder for a period of 3 years following the date that such shareholder became an Interested Shareholder, unless (i) prior to such date the Board of Directors approved either the Business Combination or the transaction which resulted in the shareholder becoming an Interested Shareholder, or (ii) upon consummation of the transaction which resulted in the shareholder becoming an Interested Shareholder, the Interested Shareholder owned at least 85% of the voting shares of the Corporation outstanding at the time the transaction commenced, excluding for purposes of determining the number of shares outstanding those shares owned (A) by Persons who are officers of the Corporation and (B) by employee share plans of the Corporation or its subsidiaries in which employee participants do not have the right to determine confidentially whether shares of the Corporation held subject to the plan will be tendered in a tender or exchange offer or (iii) on or subsequent to such date the Business Combination is approved by the Board of Directors and authorized at an annual or special meeting of shareholders (and not by written consent) by the affirmative vote of at least two-thirds (2/3) of the outstanding voting shares of the Corporation which are not owned by the Interested Shareholder. (b) The restrictions contained in this Article TWELFTH shall not apply if: (i) a shareholder becomes an Interested Shareholder inadvertently and (A) as soon as practicable divests sufficient shares so that the shareholder ceases to be an Interested Shareholder and (B) would not, at any time within the 3-year period immediately prior to a Business Combination between the Corporation and such shareholder, have been an interested shareholder but for the inadvertent acquisition; or (ii) the Business Combination is proposed prior to the consummation or abandonment of and subsequent to the earlier of the public announcement or the notice required hereunder of a proposed transaction which (A) constitutes one of the transactions described in the second sentence of this subsection (ii); (B) is with or by a Person who either was not an Interested Shareholder during the previous 3 years or who became an Interested Shareholder with the prior approval of the Board of Directors; and (C) is approved or not opposed by a majority of the members of the Board of Directors then in office (but not less than one (1)) who were directors prior to any Person becoming an Interested Shareholder during the previous 3 years or were recommended for election or elected to succeed such directors by a majority of such directors. The proposed transactions referred to in the preceding sentence are limited to (x) a merger or consolidation of the Corporation (except for a merger in respect of which, pursuant to the Ohio General Corporation Law, no vote of the shareholders of the Corporation is required); (y) a sale, lease, exchange, mortgage, pledge, transfer or other disposition (in one transaction or a series of transactions), whether as part of a dissolution or otherwise, of assets of the Corporation or of any direct or indirect majority-owned subsidiary of the Corporation (other than to any direct or indirect wholly-owned subsidiary or to the Corporation) having an aggregate market value equal to 50% or more of either the aggregate market of all of the assets of the Corporation determined on a consolidated basis or the aggregate market value of all the outstanding shares of the Corporation; and (z) a proposed tender or exchange offer for 50% or more of the outstanding voting shares of the Corn oration. The Corporation shall give not less than 20 days’ notice to all shareholders known to it to be Interested Shareholders prior to the consummation of any of the transactions described in clause (x) or (y) of the second sentence of this subsection (ii). (c) Definitions. As used in this Article TWELFTH: (i) “affiliate” means a Person that directly, or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, controls, or is controlled by, or is under common control with, another Person; provided that, for purposes of this Article TWELFTH, the term “affiliate” shall not include any Person that is an Exempt Person. (ii) “associate”, when used to indicate a relationship with any Person, means (i) any corporation or organization of which such Person is a director, officer or partner or is, directly or indirectly, the owner of twenty percent (20%) or more of any class of voting shares, (ii) any trust or other estate in which such Person has at least a twenty (20%) beneficial interest or as to which such Person serves as trustee or in a similar fiduciary capacity, and (iii) any relative or spouse of such Person, or any relative of such spouse, who has the same residence as such Person; provided that, for purposes of this Article TWELFTH, the term “associate” shall not include any Person that is an Exempt Person. (iii) “Business Combination”, when used in reference to the Corporation and any Interested Shareholder of the Corporation, means: (A) any merger or consolidation of the Corporation or any direct or indirect majority‑owned subsidiary of the Corporation with (1) the Interested Shareholder or (2) any other Person if the merger or consolidation is caused by the Interested Shareholder and as a result of such merger or consolidation paragraph (a) of this Article TWELFTH is not applicable to the surviving Person; (B) any sale, lease, exchange, mortgage, pledge, transfer or other disposition (in one transaction or a series of transactions), except proportionately as a shareholder of the Corporation, to or with the Interested Shareholder, whether as part of a dissolution or otherwise, of assets of the Corporation or of any direct or indirect majority-owned subsidiary of the Corporation which assets have an aggregate market value equal to ten percent (10%) or more of either the aggregate market value of all the assets of the Corporation determined on a consolidated basis or the aggregate market value of all the outstanding shares of the Corporation; (C) any transaction which results in the issuance or transfer by the Corporation or by any direct or indirect majority- owned subsidiary of the Corporation of any shares of the Corporation or of such subsidiary to the Interested Shareholder, except (1) pursuant to the exercise, exchange or conversion of securities exercisable for, exchangeable for or convertible into shares of the Corporation or any such subsidiary which securities were outstanding prior to the time that the Interested Shareholder became such, (2) pursuant to a dividend or distribution paid or made, or the exercise, exchange or conversion of any security exercisable for, exchangeable for or convertible into shares of the Corporation or any such subsidiary which security is distributed, pro rata to all holders of a class or series of shares of the Corporation subsequent to the time the Interested Shareholder became such, (3) pursuant to an exchange offer by the Corporation to purchase shares made on the same terms to all holders of said shares, or (4) any issuance or transfer of shares by the Corporation, provided however, that in no case under (2)-(4) above shall there be an increase in the Interested Shareholder’s proportionate share of the shares of any class or series of the Corporation or of the voting shares of the Corporation; (D) any transaction involving the Corporation or any direct or indirect majority‑owned subsidiary of the Corporation which has the effect, directly or indirectly, of increasing the proportionate share of the shares of any class or series, or of securities exercisable for, exchangeable for or convertible into the shares of any class or series, of the Corporation or of any such subsidiary which is owned by the Interested Shareholder, except as a result of immaterial changes due to fractional share adjustments or as a result of any purchase or redemption of any shares of shares not caused, directly or indirectly, by the Interested Shareholder; or (E) any receipt by the Interested Shareholder of the benefit, directly or indirectly (except proportionately as a shareholder of the Corporation) of any loans, advances, guarantees, pledges, or other financial benefits (other than those expressly permitted in subsection (A)-(D) above) provided by or through the Corporation or any direct or indirect majority owned subsidiary. (iv) “control”, deluding the terms “controlling”, “controlled by” and “under common control with”, means the possession, directly or indirectly, of the power to direct or cause the direction of the management and policies of a Person, whether through the ownership of voting shares, by contract, or otherwise. A Person who is the owner of twenty percent (20%) or more of a corporation’s outstanding voting shares shall be presumed to have control of such corporation, in the absence of proof by a preponderance of the evidence to the contrary. Notwithstanding the foregoing, a presumption of control shall not apply where such Person holds voting shares, in good faith and not for the purpose of circumventing this Article TWELFTH, as an agent, bank, broker, nominee, custodian or trustee for one or more owners who do not individually or as a group have control of the Corporation. (v) “Exempt Person” shall mean (A) each Person that is a holder of Common Shares immediately after giving effect to the merger of The Andersons, an Ohio limited partnership, with and into the Corporation; (B) to the extent a Person described in (A) above is an individual, such Person’s spouse, descendants, spouses of descendants, trustee of trusts established for the benefit of such Person, spouses and/or descendants (acting in their capacity as trustees of such trusts), and executors of estates of such Person, spouses and/or descendants (acting in their capacity as executors of such estates); (C) any Person (1) of which Persons described in (A) and/or (B) above own more than eighty percent (80%) of the voting shares or other voting interests and (2) of which Persons described in (A) and/or (B) above own shares or other interests representing more than eighty percent (80%) of the total value of the shares or other interest of such Person; and (D) any Person whose ownership of shares in excess of the ten percent (10%) limitation set forth in the definition of “Interested Shareholder” is the result of action taken solely by the Corporation provided that such Person shall cease to be an Exempt Person if thereafter such Person acquires additional shares of voting shares of the Corporation except as a result of further action by the Corporation and caused, directly or indirectly, by such Person. For purposes of this definition, “spouses” shall include widows and widowers until first remarried and “descendants” shall include descendants by adoption. Notwithstanding the foregoing sentence, none of the Persons described in clauses (A), (B) and (C) above shall continue to be an Exempt Person by virtue of such clauses after the earliest date on which such Persons are owners in the aggregate of less than twenty-five percent (25%) of the Corporation’s outstanding voting shares (determined without taking into account any securities exercisable or exchangeable for, or convertible into, the Corporation’s voting shares, other than any such securities owned by such Persons). (vi) “Interested Shareholder” means any Person (other than an Exempt Person and other than the Corporation and any direct or indirect majority-owned subsidiary of the Corporation) that (i) is the owner of ten percent (10%) or more of the outstanding voting shares of the Corporation, or (ii) is an affiliate or associate of the Corporation and was the owner often percent (10%) or more of the outstanding voting shares of the Corporation at any time within the three-year period immediately prior to the date on which it is sought to be determined whether such Person is an Interested Shareholder; and the affiliates and associates of such Person. For the purpose of determining whether a Person is an Interested Shareholder, the voting shares of the Corporation deemed to be outstanding shall include shares deemed to be owned by the Person through application of subsection (vii) of this paragraph (c) but shall not include any other unissued shares of the Corporation which may be issuable pursuant to any agreement, arrangement or understanding, or upon exercise of conversion rights, warrants or options, or otherwise. (vii) “owners” including the terms “own” and “owned”, when used with respect to any shares, means a Person that individually or with or through any of its affiliates or associates: (A) beneficially owns (as determined pursuant to Rule 13d-3 of the General Rules and Regulations under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 or any successor provision) such shares, directly or indirectly; or (B) has (1) the right to acquire such shares (whether such right is exercisable immediately or only after the passage of time) pursuant to any agreement, arrangement or understanding, or upon the exercise of exercise rights, conversion rights, exchange rights, warrants or options, or otherwise; provided, however, that a Person shall not be deemed the owner of shares tendered pursuant to a tender or exchange offer made by such Person or any of such Person’s affiliates or associates until such tendered shares are accepted for purchase or exchange; or (2) the right to vote such shares pursuant to any agreement, arrangement or understanding; provided, however, that a Person shall not be deemed the owner of any shares because of such Person’s right to vote such shares if the agreement, arrangement or understanding to vote such shares arises solely from a revocable proxy or consent given in response to a proxy or consent solicitation made to ten (10) or more Persons; or (C) has any agreement, arrangement or understanding for the purpose of acquiring, holding, voting (except voting pursuant to a revocable proxy or consent as described in item (2) of clause (B) of this subsection), or disposing of such shares with any other Person that beneficially owns, or whose affiliates or associates beneficially own, directly or indirectly, such shares. Nothing in this subsection (vii) shall cause a Person to be treated as the “owner” of, or to “own”, any securities owned by any other Person that is an Exempt Person. (vii) “Person” shall mean an individual, a partnership, a limited liability company, a corporation, an association, a joint stock company, a trust, an unincorporated organization or a governmental entity or any department, agency or political subdivision thereof and two or more of any of the foregoing Persons having a joint or common interest. (ix) “Voting Shares” means shares of any class or series of shares of the Corporation entitled to vote generally in the election of directors. (d) The provisions set forth in this Article TWELFTH may not be amended, altered, changed or repealed in any respect unless such action is approved by the affirmative vote of at least two-thirds (2/3) of the outstanding shares of Common Shares which are not owned by an Interested Shareholder. (e) The provisions of §1704 of the Ohio Revised Code, as amended from time to time, or any successor provision or provisions to said section, shall only apply to this Corporation with respect to any particular Chapter 1704 transaction, as such is defined in §1704 of the Ohio Revised Code, in the event that there is a determination by a court of competent jurisdiction with respect to which no appeal is pending that the provisions of this Article TWELFTH are invalid or otherwise cease to be included in these Articles of Incorporation. THIRTEENTH: Indemnification. The Corporation is authorized to indemnify all persons whom it may indemnify to the full extent permitted by law. FOURTEENTH: Amendments. (a) Except as otherwise provided herein, these Articles of Incorporation may not be amended, altered, changed or repealed in any respect unless such action is approved by the affirmative vote of the holders of not less than two-thirds (2/3) of the outstanding Common Shares. (b) These Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation take the place of and supersede the existing Articles of Incorporation as heretofore amended. * * * * IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this ____ day of ____________, 1995. ____________________________ Richard P. Anderson, President ____________________________ Beverly J. McBride, Secretary Amendment to Article Fourth (a) approved by the Board of Directors at the May 7, 2010 Shareholders Meeting. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this ____ day of ____________, 2011. ____________________________ Naran U. Burchinow Senior Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary Amendment to Article Fourth (a) approved by the Board of Directors at the May 8, 2015 Shareholders Meeting. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this ____ day of ____________, 2015. ____________________________ Naran U. Burchinow Senior Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary Amendment to Article SECOND approved by the Board of Directors at the May 12, 2017 Board Meeting. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this ____ day of ____________, 2017. ____________________________ Naran U. Burchinow Senior Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES OF THE ANDERSONS, INC. Exhibit 21.1 Subsidiary 1070283 B.C. LTD Brisket Merger Sub 1 LLC Cap Acquire Mexico S.de R.L. de C.V. Cap Acquire, LLC ELEMENT, LLC Feed Factors Limited Kay Flo Industries, Inc. Lansing Brasil Comercial & Exportadora de Produtos Agricolas Ltda. Lansing Brasil Holdings, LLC Lansing Canada Holdings, LLC Lansing Canada ULC Lansing de Mexico S.de R.L. de C.V. Lansing de Mexico Servicios S. de R.L. de C.V. Lansing Ethanol Services, LLC Lansing Finance Company, Inc. Lansing Louisiana, LLC Lansing Proprietary UK, Limited Lansing Proprietary, LLC Lansing South America Holdings, LLC Lansing South America, LLC Lansing Trade Group - Asia PTE LTD Lansing Trade Group – Germany GmbH Lansing Trade Group Canada ULC Lansing Trade Group, LLC Lansing Trading Company, Ltd. Lansing Transportation Services LLC Lansing Vermont, Inc. Lawnbox LLC Liqui Fert Corporation LTG Marketing Services, LLC Lux JV Treasury Holding Company S.a.r.l. Maumee Ventures LLC Metamora Commodity Company, Inc. Mineral Processing Company NARCAT Mexico S.de R.L. de C.V. New Eezy-Gro Inc. NuRail Canada ULC Nutra-Flo Company Plant Nutrient Operations LLC Purity Foods, Inc. TAI Hold Co, LLC The Andersons Agriculture Group L.P. Place of Organization Canada Delaware Mexico Delaware Kansas United Kingdom Iowa Brazil Delaware Delaware Canada Mexico Mexico Delaware Delaware Delaware United Kingdom Delaware Delaware Delaware Singapore Germany Canada Delaware China Delaware Vermont Ohio Puerto Rico Delaware Luxembourg Ohio Ohio Ohio Mexico Ohio Canada Iowa Ohio Michigan Michigan Ohio Subsidiary The Andersons AgVantage Agency LLC The Andersons Ethanol LLC The Andersons Executive Services LLC The Andersons Farm Development Co., LLC The Andersons LTD. The Andersons Marathon Holdings LLC The Andersons Plant Nutrient LLC The Andersons Rail Management Company LLC The Andersons Railcar Company LLC The Andersons Railcar Leasing Company LLC The Andersons Winona Terminal, LLC The Andersons, Inc. Charitable Foundation The Andersons Canada Limited Thompsons USA Limited Titan Lansing, LLC Top Cat Holding Co Place of Organization Ohio Ohio Ohio Ohio Canada Ohio Ohio Ohio Ohio Ohio Minnesota Ohio Canada Delaware Delaware Delaware Exhibit 23.1 CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM We consent to the incorporation by reference in: ◦ Registration Statement No. 333-233862 on Form S-8 dated September 20, 2019 pertaining to the registration of 2,530,000 shares under The Andersons, Inc. 2019 Long-Term Incentive Compensation Plan 2004 Employee Share Purchase Plan Restated and Amended January 2019; ◦ Registration Statement No. 333-228957 on Form S-8 dated December 21, 2018 pertaining to the registration of 650,000 shares under the Lansing Acquisition 2018 Inducement and Retention Plan; ◦ Registration Statement No. 333-202442 on Form S-8 dated March 2, 2015 pertaining to the registration of 1,750,000 shares under the Company’s 2014 Long-Term Incentive Compensation Plan; ◦ Registration Statement No. 333-182428 on Form S-3 dated June 29, 2012 pertaining to the shelf registration of $8,000,000 2.65% Five-Year Debentures, $6,000,000 3.50% Ten-Year Debentures and $6,000,000 4.50% Fifteen-Year Debentures; and ◦ Registration Statement No. 333-169826 on Form S-3 dated October 7, 2010 pertaining to the registration of $12,000,000 4.25% Ten-Year Debentures and $18,000,000 3.00% Five-Year Debentures. of our reports dated February 27, 2020, relating to the consolidated financial statements and financial statement schedule of The Andersons, Inc. and subsidiaries, which expresses an unqualified opinion and includes an explanatory paragraph relating to the Company’s adoption of Accounting Standard Update No. 2016-02, Leases (ASC 842), and Accounting Standards Update No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, and the effectiveness of The Andersons, Inc. and subsidiaries’ internal control over financial reporting, appearing in this Annual Report on Form 10-K of The Andersons, Inc. for the year ended December 31, 2019. /s/ DELOITTE & TOUCHE LLP Cleveland, Ohio February 27, 2020 CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM We consent to the incorporation by reference in the registration statement (Nos. 333-233862, 333-202442 and 333-228957) on Form S-8 and registration statements (Nos. 333-169826 and 333-182428) on Form S-3 of The Andersons, Inc. of our report dated February 27, 2019, with respect to the consolidated balance sheet of Lansing Trade Group, LLC as of December 31, 2018, the related consolidated statements of comprehensive income, equity, and cash flows for the year ended, and the related notes, not included herein, which report appears in the December 31, 2019 annual report on Form 10-K of The Andersons, Inc. Exhibit 23.2 /s/ KPMG LLP Kansas City, Missouri February 27, 2020 CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM We consent to the incorporation by reference in the registration statement (Nos. 333-233862, 333-202442 and 333-228957) on Form S-8 and registration statements (Nos. 333-169826 and 333-182428) on Form S-3 of The Andersons, Inc. of our report dated February 26, 2018, with respect to the consolidated balance sheet of Lansing Trade Group, LLC as of December 31, 2017, the related consolidated statements of comprehensive income, equity, and cash flows for the year ended, and the related notes, not included herein, which report appears in the December 31, 2019 annual report on Form 10-K of The Andersons, Inc. Exhibit 23.3 /s/ KPMG LLP Kansas City, Missouri February 27, 2020 CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM We hereby consent to the incorporation by reference in the Registration Statements on Form S‑8 (Nos. 333-202442, 333-228957 and 333-233862) and Registration Statements on Form S-3 (Nos. 333-169826 and 333-182428) of The Andersons, Inc. of our report dated February 21, 2019 relating to the consolidated financial statements of Lux JV Treasury Holding Company, S.à r.l., which appears in this Form 10‑K of The Andersons, Inc. Exhibit 23.4 /s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP Waterloo, Ontario, Canada February 27, 2020 Certification of President and Chief Executive Officer Under Rule 13(a)-14(a)/15d-14(a) Exhibit 31.1 I, Patrick E. Bowe, certify that: 1 2 3 4 I have reviewed this report on Form 10-K of The Andersons, Inc. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report; Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; The registrant’s other certifying officers and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d- 15(f)) for the registrant and have: a) b) c) d) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this annual report is being prepared; Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and 5 The registrant’s other certifying officers and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting. a) b) February 27, 2020 /s/ Patrick E. Bowe Patrick E. Bowe Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer) Certification of Chief Financial Officer under Rule 13(a)-14(a)/15d-14(a) Exhibit 31.2 I, Brian A. Valentine, certify that: 1 2 3 4 I have reviewed this report on Form 10-K of The Andersons, Inc. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report; Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; The registrant’s other certifying officers and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d- 15(f)) for the registrant and have: a) b) c) d) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this annual report is being prepared; Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and 5 The registrant’s other certifying officers and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting. a) b) February 27, 2020 /s/ Brian A. Valentine Brian A. Valentine Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer) The Andersons, Inc. Certifications Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 Exhibit 32.1 In connection with the Annual Report of The Andersons, Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), each of the undersigned officers of the Company certifies pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to such officer’s knowledge: (1) (2) The Report fully complies with the requirements of 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, and The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company as of the dates and for the periods expressed in the Report. February 27, 2020 /s/ Patrick E. Bowe Patrick E. Bowe Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer) /s/ Brian A. Valentine Brian A. Valentine Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer) A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906 has been provided to The Andersons, Inc. and will be retained by The Andersons, Inc. and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request. Mine Safety Disclosure Exhibit 95 Our mining operation(s) are subject to regulation by the Federal Mine Safety and Health Administration (“MSHA”) under the Federal Mine Safety and Health Act of 1977 (the “Mine Act”). We have disclosed below information regarding certain citations and orders issued by MSHA and related assessments and legal actions with respect to these mining operation(s). In evaluating the below information regarding mine safety and health, investors should take into account factors such as: (i) the number of citations and orders will vary depending on the size of a mine; (ii) the number of citations issued will vary from inspector to inspector and mine to mine; and (iii) citations and orders can be contested and appealed, and in that process, are often reduced in severity and amount, and are sometimes dismissed or vacated. The tables below include information regarding issued citations and/or orders which may or may not become final orders. The tables below do not include any orders or citations issued to independent contractors at our mines. Under the Dodd-Frank Act, each operator of a coal or other mine is required to include certain mine safety results within its periodic reports filed with the SEC. As required by the reporting requirements included in §1503(a) of the Dodd-Frank Act, we present the following items regarding certain mining safety and health matters, for the period presented, for each of our mine locations that are covered under the scope of the Dodd-Frank Act: (A) Mine Act Section 104 Significant and Substantial (“S&S”) citations shown below are for alleged violations of mandatory health or safety standards that could significantly and substantially contribute to a mine health and safety hazard. (B) Mine Act Section 104(b) orders are for alleged failures to totally abate a citation within the time period specified in the citation. (C) Mine Act Section 104(d) citations and orders are for an alleged unwarrantable failure (i.e., aggravated conduct constituting more than ordinary negligence) to comply with mandatory health or safety standards. (D) Mine Act Section 110(b)(2) violations are for an alleged “flagrant” failure (i.e., reckless or repeated) to make reasonable efforts to eliminate a known violation of a mandatory safety or health standard that substantially and proximately caused, or reasonably could have been expected to cause, death or serious bodily injury. (E) Mine Act Section 107(a) orders are for alleged conditions or practices which could reasonably be expected to cause death or serious physical harm before such condition or practice can be abated and result in orders of immediate withdrawal from the area of the mine affected by the condition. (F) Amounts shown include assessments proposed by MSHA for the year ended December 31, 2019 on all citations and orders, including those citations and orders that are not required to be included within the above chart. (G) Mine Act Section 104(e) written notices are for an alleged pattern of violations of mandatory health or safety standards that could significantly and substantially contribute to a mine safety or health hazard. The following tables disclose the information listed above for the year ended December 31, 2019: (A) (B) (C) (D) (E) (F) Year ended December 31, 2019 Section 104 S&S Citations Section 104(b) Orders Section 104(d) Citations/Orders Section 110(b)(2) Citations/Orders Section 107(a) Orders Total Dollar Value of MSHA Assessments Proposed (In thousands) — 2 — — — — — — — — $0.2 $1.5 Mine Name/MSHA ID No. Industrial Sand Processing Plt-North Branch/21-02917 Titan Lansing OKC Sand Plant/34-02189 Mine Name/MSHA ID No. Year ended December 31, 2019 (G) Received Notice of Pattern of Violations Under Section 104(e) (yes/no) Total Number of Mining Related Fatalities Legal Actions Pending as of Last Day of Period Legal Actions Initiated During Period Legal Actions Resolved During Period Industrial Sand Processing Plt-North Branch/21-02917 Titan Lansing OKC Sand Plant/34-02189 No No — — — — — — — — For the year ended December 31, 2019, there were no legal actions initiated, pending, or resolved before the Federal Mine Safety and Health Review Commission related to contests of citations and orders, contests of proposed penalties, complaints for compensation, complaints of discharge/discrimination/interference, applications for temporary relief, or appeals of judges’ rulings. 

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