UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION Washington, DC 20549 FORM 10-K Annual report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017 Commission File No.: 000-29283 UNITED BANCSHARES, INC. (exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) OHIO (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) 34-1516518 (I.R.S. Employer I.D. No.) 105 Progressive Drive, Columbus Grove, Ohio 45830 (Address of principal executive offices) Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (419) 659-2141 Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: Common Stock, no par value — NASDAQ Global Market (Title of class) Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☐ No ☒ Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ☐ No ☒ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ☒ No ☐ Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (§229.405 of this chapter) is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. ☐ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer”, “accelerated filer”, and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act: Large accelerated filer ☐ Non-accelerated filer ☐ Accelerated filer ☐ Smaller Reporting Company ☒ Emerging growth company ☐ If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ☐ No ☒ The aggregate market value of the voting stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant was $69,028,312, based upon the last sales price as quoted on the NASDAQ Global Market as of June 30, 2017. The number of shares of Common Stock, no par value outstanding as of January 31, 2018: 3,267,945 Portions of the Annual Report to Shareholders for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017 are incorporated by reference into Part II. Portions of the Corporation’s definitive proxy statement relating to the Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be held on April 25, 2018 are incorporated by reference into Part III. DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE Forward Looking Statements From time to time, we have made or will make forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements do not relate strictly to historical or current facts. Forward-looking statements usually can be identified by the use of words such as “goal,” “objective,” “outlook,” “plan,” “strategy,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “project,” “believe,” “estimate,” or other words of similar meaning, or by words or phrases indicating that an event or trend “may,” “should,” “will,” “is likely,” or that an event or trend is “probable” to occur or “continue,” has “begun,” “is scheduled,” or is “on track.” Forward-looking statements provide our current expectations or forecasts of future events, circumstances, results or aspirations. Our disclosures in this report contain forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. We may also make forward-looking statements in our other documents filed with or furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). Forward-looking statements are not historical facts and, by their nature, are subject to assumptions, risks, and uncertainties, many of which are outside of our control. Our actual results may differ materially from those set forth in our forward-looking statements. There is no assurance that any list of risks and uncertainties or risk factors is complete. Factors that could cause actual results to differ from those described in forward-looking statements, include, but are not limited to: • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • deterioration of commercial real estate market fundamentals; defaults by our loan counterparties or trends; adverse changes in credit quality trends; declining asset prices; our ability to accurately estimate collateral values, future levels of nonperforming loans, and other borrower fundamentals as part of our credit review process; changes in local, regional and international business, economic or political conditions affecting the regions in which we operate; the extensive and increasing regulation of the U.S. financial services industry; changes in accounting policies, rules and interpretations; increasing capital and liquidity standards under applicable regulatory rules; unanticipated changes in our liquidity position, including but not limited to, changes in the cost of liquidity, our ability to enter the financial markets and to secure alternative funding sources; our ability to receive dividends from our subsidiary, The Union Bank Company; breaches of security or failures of our technology systems due to technological or other factors and cybersecurity threats; operational or risk management failures by us or critical third-parties; adverse judicial proceedings; the occurrence of natural or man-made disasters or conflicts or terrorist attacks; a reversal of the U.S. economic recovery due to financial, political or other shocks; our ability to anticipate interest rate changes and manage interest rate risk; deterioration of economic conditions in the geographic regions where we operate; the soundness of other financial institutions; our ability to attract and retain talented executives and employees and to manage our reputational risks; 2 • • our ability to timely and effectively implement our strategic initiatives; and increased competitive pressure due to industry consolidation. Any forward-looking statements made by us or on our behalf speak only as of the date they are made, and we do not undertake any obligation to update any forward-looking statement to reflect the impact of subsequent events or circumstances. Before making an investment decision, you should carefully consider all risks and uncertainties disclosed in our SEC filings, including this report on Form 10-K and our subsequent reports on Form 10-Q and 8-K and any other filings made with the SEC, all of which are or will upon filing be accessible on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov and on our website at www.theubank.com. 3 INDEX Page(s) Part I Item 1. Business . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 – 24 Item 1A. Risk Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 – 33 Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Item 2. Item 3. Item 4. Part II Item 5. Item 6. Item 7. Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Legal Proceedings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mine Safety Disclosures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Selected Financial Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Item 8. Item 9. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Item 9A. Controls and Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Item 9B. Other Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Part III Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance of the Registrant . . . . . . Item 11. Executive Compensation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions and Director Independence . . . . . Item 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Part IV Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Signatures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 33 33 33 34 34 34 34 34 35 35 36 37 37 37 37 38 38 40 4 Item 1. Business PART I Overview United Bancshares, Inc. (“UBOH”), an Ohio corporation, organized in 1985, is headquartered in Columbus Grove, Ohio. We are a bank holding company under the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956, as amended (the “BHCA”), with consolidated total assets of $780.5 million at December 31, 2017. UBOH is regulated as a one-bank holding company by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (the “Federal Reserve Board”), and its principal asset and operating subsidiary is The Union Bank Company, an Ohio state chartered commercial bank (“Union Bank”). As of December 31, 2017, UBOH and its subsidiary (collectively the “Corporation”) employed approximately 177 full-time equivalent employees. United Bancshares, Inc.’s common stock has traded on the NASDAQ Global Market under the symbol “UBOH” since March 2001. Union Bank Union Bank is an Ohio state-chartered bank supervised by the State of Ohio, Division of Financial Institutions (the “ODFI”), and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (the “FDIC”). Through Union Bank, we provide a wide range of commercial and retail banking services. Union Bank offers a full range of commercial banking services, including checking accounts, savings and money market accounts; certificates of deposit; on-line banking and automatic teller machines; commercial, consumer, agricultural, residential mortgage and home equity loans; wealth management services; treasury management services; safe deposit box rentals; and other personalized banking services. Through our seventeen branch offices located in Bowling Green, Columbus Grove, Delaware, Delphos, Findlay, Gahanna, Gibsonburg, Kalida, Leipsic, Lima, Marion, Ottawa, Pemberville, and Westerville Ohio, we serve the Ohio counties of Allen, Delaware, Franklin, Hancock, Marion, Putnam, Sandusky, Van Wert, and Wood. In the operation of its business, Union Bank maintains a strong community orientation. Union Bank’s business model emphasizes personalized service, clients’ access to key decision makers, individualized-attention, tailored products, and access to on-line banking tools. Union Bank’s management has placed a special emphasis on personalized attention to its customers’ needs in order to better serve the members of the community and create opportunities for them. Union Bank concentrates its efforts on serving the financial needs of the business in the Ohio counties that it serves as well as on providing financing to customers seeking to purchase or build their own homes; routinely seeking opportunities to foster economic growth and wealth accumulation in local economies through the financing of local entrepreneurs and residences in the areas we serve. Union Bank has two subsidiaries: UBC Investments, Inc. (“UBC”), an entity formed to hold its securities portfolio, and UBC Property, Inc. (“UBC Property”), an entity formed to hold and manage certain property that is acquired in lieu of foreclosure. Additional information Our executive offices are located at 105 Progressive Drive, Columbus Grove, OH 45830 and our telephone number is (419) 659-2141. Our website is www.theubank.com. We make available free of charge, on or through the Investor Relations link on our website (www.theubank.com), our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, and current reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), as well as proxy statements, as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such material with, or furnish it to, the SEC. Also posted on our website and available in print upon request are the charters for our Audit Committee, Compensation, and Nominating Committees and our Senior Officer Code of Ethics. Within the time period required by the SEC and the NASDAQ Global Market, we will post on our website any 5 amendment to the Senior Officer Code of Ethics or the above-referenced governance documents or you may request the documents by writing to our Chief Financial Officer at The Union Bank Co., 105 Progressive Drive, Columbus Grove, OH 45830 or by calling (419) 659-2141. The public may read and copy any filed materials with the SEC at the SEC’s Public Reference Room at 100 E. Street, N.E., Washington, DC 20549. The public may obtain information on the operation of the Public Referenced Room by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. The SEC maintains an Internet site (http://www.sec.gov) that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information that the Corporation electronically files with the SEC. Competition The Corporation competes for deposits with other commercial banks, savings associations and credit unions and issuers of commercial paper and other securities, such as shares in money market mutual funds. Primary factors in competing for deposits include customer service, interest rates and convenience. In making loans, the Corporation competes with other commercial banks, savings associations, consumer finance companies, credit unions, leasing companies, mortgage companies and other lenders. Competition is affected by, among other things, the general availability of lendable funds, general and local economic conditions, current interest rate levels and other factors that are not readily predictable. The financial services industry is likely to become more competitive as further technology advances enable more companies to provide financial services. We compete by offering quality products and innovative services at competitive prices, and by maintaining our products and services offerings to keep pace with customer preferences in the regions that we operate. In recent years, mergers and acquisitions have led to greater concentration in the banking industry, placing added competitive pressure on our core banking products and services. Consolidation continued during 2017, primarily through private merger and acquisition transactions, and led to redistribution of deposits and certain banking assets to other financial institutions. We expect this trend to continue during 2018. We, therefore, expect competition in the markets we serve to intensify with the advent of new technology and consolidation trends. As a matter of course, we continue to evaluate opportunities in the markets we serve or contiguous markets to improve our footprint, while balancing the efficiency of technology. General Supervision and Regulation The following discussion addresses the material elements of the regulatory framework applicable to bank holding companies, like UBOH, and our subsidiary bank, Union Bank. This regulatory framework is intended primarily to protect customers and depositors, the Deposit Insurance Fund (the “DIF”) of the FDIC, and the banking system as a whole, rather than for the protection of security holders and creditors. We cannot predict changes in the applicable laws, regulations and regulatory agency policies, yet such changes may have a material effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations. UBOH As a bank holding company, UBOH is subject to the regulation, supervision, and examination by the Federal Reserve Board under the BHCA. Pursuant to the BHCA, bank holding companies generally may not, in general, directly or indirectly own or control more than 5% of the voting shares, or substantially all of the assets, of any bank or savings association, without prior approval by the Federal Reserve Board. In addition, bank holding companies are generally prohibited from engaging in commercial or industrial activities. Under federal law, a bank holding company, like UBOH, must serve as a source of financial strength to its subsidiary depository institutions by providing financial assistance to them in the event of their financial distress. This support may be required when we do not have the resources to, or would prefer not to, provide it. Certain loans by a bank holding company to a subsidiary bank are subordinate in right of payment to deposits in, and certain other indebtedness of, the subsidiary bank. In addition, federal law 6 provides that in the bankruptcy of a bank holding company, any commitment by the bank holding company to a federal bank regulatory agency to maintain the capital of a subsidiary bank will be assumed by the bankruptcy trustee and entitled to priority of payment. Union Bank As an Ohio state-chartered bank, and a member of the DIF, administered by the FDIC, Union Bank is supervised and regulated by the ODFI and the FDIC. As insurer, the FDIC imposes deposit insurance premiums and conducts examinations of and requires reporting by FDIC-insured institutions under the Federal Deposit Insurance Act, as amended (the “FDIA”). Various requirements and restrictions under the laws of the United States and the State of Ohio affect the operations of Union Bank, including requirements to maintain reserves against deposits, restrictions on the nature and amount of loans which may be made and the interest that may be charged thereon, restrictions relating to investments and other activities, limitations on credit exposure to correspondent banks, limitations on activities based on capital and surplus, limitations on payment of dividends, and limitations on branching. As a member of the Federal Home Loan Bank, Union Bank is required to, among other things, maintain an investment in capital stock of the FHLB. Union Bank receives dividends on its investment in FHLB stock. Under certain conditions, secured advances to Union Bank are available from the FHLB to meet operational requirements. Such advances are renewable and can be obtained up to specified dollar amounts. These advances are secured primarily by Union Bank’s eligible mortgage loans and FHLB stock. Regulatory capital and liquidity Current regulatory capital requirements Federal banking regulators have promulgated risk-based capital and leverage ratio requirements applicable to UBOH and Union Bank. The adequacy of regulatory capital is assessed periodically by federal banking agencies in their examination and supervision processes, and in the evaluation of applications in connection with certain expansion activities. The risk-based capital guidelines adopted by the federal banking regulators and effective through December 31, 2017, include both a definition and a framework for calculating risk weighted assets by assigning assets and off-balance sheet items to broad risk categories. The minimum ratio of total capital to risk weighted assets (including certain off-balance sheet items, such as standby letters of credit) is 8%. At least 4% is to be comprised of common shareholders’ equity (including retained earnings but excluding treasury stock), noncumulative perpetual preferred stock, a limited amount of cumulative perpetual preferred stock, and minority interest in equity accounts of consolidated subsidiaries, less goodwill and certain other intangible assets (“Tier 1 capital”). The remainder (“Tier 2 capital”) may consist, among other things, of mandatory convertible debt securities, a limited amount of subordinated debt, other preferred stock and a limited amount of allowance for loan losses. Each of the federal banking agencies also impose a minimum leverage ratio (Tier 1 capital to total assets) for banking organizations. The minimum leverage ratio is currently 3% for bank holding companies that are considered “strong” under the Federal Reserve Board’s guidelines or which have implemented the Federal Reserve Board’s risk-based capital measure for market risk. The minimum leverage ratio is 1%-2% higher for other bank holding companies and banks based on their particular circumstances and risk profiles and for those banks experiencing or anticipating significant growth. The FDIC imposes similar capital requirements on Union Bank adopted by the FDIC. The Corporation currently satisfies all capital requirements. Failure to meet applicable capital guidelines could subject a banking institution to a variety of enforcement remedies available to federal and state regulatory authorities, including the termination of deposit insurance by the FDIC. The junior subordinated deferrable interest debentures issued in 2003 and the trust preferred securities from the acquisition of The Ohio State Bank (“OSB”), as described in Note 10 of the consolidated financial statements contained in the Corporation’s Annual Report, currently qualify as Tier 1 capital for regulatory purposes. However, it is possible that regulations could change so that such securities do not qualify. 7 The federal banking regulators have established regulations governing prompt corrective action to resolve capital deficient banks. Under these regulations, institutions, which become undercapitalized, become subject to mandatory regulatory scrutiny and limitations that increase as capital decreases. Such institutions are also required to file capital plans with their primary federal regulator, and their holding companies must guarantee the capital shortfall up to 5% of the assets of the capital deficient institution at the time it becomes undercapitalized. The ability of a bank holding company to obtain funds for the payment of dividends and for other cash requirements is largely dependent on the amount of dividends that may be declared by its subsidiary bank and other subsidiaries. However, the Federal Reserve Board expects the Corporation to serve as a source of strength to its subsidiary bank, which may require it to retain capital for further investment in the subsidiary, rather than for dividends for shareholders of UBOH. The Bank may not pay dividends to UBOH if, after paying such dividends, it would fail to meet the required minimum levels under the risk-based capital guidelines and the minimum leverage ratio requirements. The Bank must have the approval of its regulatory authorities if a dividend in any year would cause the total dividends for that year to exceed the sum of the current year’s net income and the retained net income for the preceding two years, less required transfers to surplus. Payment of dividends by a bank subsidiary may be restricted at any time at the discretion of the regulatory authorities, if they deem such dividends to constitute an unsafe and/or unsound banking practice. These provisions could have the effect of limiting UBOH’s ability to pay dividends on its outstanding common shares. The FDIA requires the relevant federal banking regulator to take “prompt corrective action” with respect to an FDIC-insured depository institution that does not meet certain capital adequacy standards. Banks and savings associations are classified into one (1) of five (5) categories based upon capital adequacy, ranging from “well-capitalized” to “critically undercapitalized.” Restrictions on operations, management and capital distributions begin to apply at “adequately capitalized” status and become progressively stricter as the insured depository institutions approaches “critically undercapitalized” status. Generally, the regulations require the appropriate federal banking agency to take prompt corrective action with respect to an institution which becomes “undercapitalized” and to take additional actions if the institution becomes “significantly undercapitalized” or “critically undercapitalized.” Effective January 1, 2015, final rules promulgated by the FDIC pursuant to the Dodd-Frank Act, provide that for a depository institution to be considered well-capitalized it must maintain common equity tier 1 capital of at least 6.5%; tier 1 risk-based capital of at least 8%; total risk-based capital of at least 10%; and a tier 1 leverage ratio of at least 5%. As of December 31, 2017, Union Bank has total risk-based capital of 11.2%, tier 1 risk-based capital and CET 1 capital of 10.7%, and tier 1 leverage of 8.5%. While the Prompt Corrective Action requirements only apply to FDIC-insured depository institutions and not to bank holding companies, the mandatory Prompt Corrective Action “capital restoration plan” required of an undercapitalized institution by its relevant regulator must be guaranteed to a limited extent by the institution’s parent bank holding company. In October 2013, the federal banking regulators published final rules establishing a new comprehensive capital framework for U.S. banking organizations (the “Regulatory Capital Rules”). The Regulatory Capital Rules implement the Basel Committee’s December 2010 framework known as “Basel III” for strengthening international capital standard as well as certain provisions of the Dodd-Frank Act. The implementation of the Regulatory Capital Rules will lead to higher capital requirements and more restrictive leverage liquidity ratios than those currently in place. In addition, in order to avoid limitations on capital distributions, such as dividend payments and certain bonus payments to executive officers, the Regulatory Capital Rules require insured financial institutions to hold a capital conservation buffer of common equity tier 1 capital above the minimum risk-based capital requirements. The capital conservation buffer will be phased in over time becoming fully effective on January 1, 2019, and will consist of an additional amount of common equity equal to 2.5% of risk-weighted assets. The Regulatory Capital Rules also revise the regulatory agencies’ prompt corrective action framework by incorporating the new regulatory capital minimums and updating the definition of common equity. The Regulatory Capital Rules phase in began on January 1, 2015, for non-advanced approaches banking organizations, like UBOH and Union Bank and will be fully phased in by January 1, 2019. While UBOH and Union Bank currently meet all regulatory capital requirements, the ultimate impact upon the financial condition or results of operations cannot be predicted until 2019 when the rules become fully-phased in. 8 Federal banking law and regulations impose limitations on the payment of dividends by our bank subsidiary, Union Bank. Historically, dividends paid by Union Bank have been an important source of cash flow for UBOH to pay dividends on its equity securities and interest on its debt. Dividends by our bank subsidiary are limited to the lessor of the amounts calculated under an earnings retention test and an undivided profits test. Under the earnings retention test, without the prior approval of the FDIC, a dividend may not be paid if the total of all dividends declared by a bank in any calendar year is in excess of the current year’s net income combined with the retained net income of the two preceding years. Under the undivided profits test, a dividend may not be paid in excess of a bank’s undivided profits. Moreover, under the FDIA, an insured depository institution may not pay a dividend if the payment would cause it to be in a less than “adequately capitalized” prompt corrective action capital category or if the institution is in default in the payment of an assessment due to the FDIC. For more information about the payment of dividends by Union Bank to UBOH, please see Note 15 of the consolidated financial statements contained in the Corporation’s Annual Report. FDIA and Resolution Authority Federal Deposit Insurance Act The FDIC’s DIF provides insurance coverage for certain deposits, which insurance is funded through assessments on banks, like Union Bank. Pursuant to the Dodd-Frank Act, the amount of deposit insurance coverage for deposits increased to $250,000 per depositor. Pursuant to the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection act (the “Dodd-Frank Act”), the FDIC has established 2.0% as the designated reserve ratio (the “DRR”), that is, the ratio of the DIF to insured deposits. The Dodd-Frank Act directs the FDIC to amend its assessment regulations so that future assessments will generally be based upon a depository institution’s average total consolidated assets minus the average tangible equity of the insured depository institution during the assessment period, whereas assessments were previously based on the amount of an institution’s insured deposits. The minimum DIF rate will increase from 1.15% to 1.35% by September 30, 2020, and the cost of the increase will be borne by depository institutions with assets of $10 billion or more. At least semi-annually, the FDIC will update its loss and income projections for the DIF and, if needed, will increase or decrease assessment rates, following notice-and-comment rulemaking if required. Conservatorship and receivership of insured depository institutions Upon the insolvency of an insured depository institution, the FDIC will be appointed as receiver or, in rare circumstances, conservator for the insolvent institution under the FDIA. In an insolvency, the FDIC may repudiate or disaffirm any contract to which the institution is a party if the FDIC determines that performance of the contract would be burdensome and that disaffirming or repudiating the contract would promote orderly administration of the institution’s affairs. If the contractual counterparty made a claim against the receivership (or conservatorship) for breach of contract, the amount paid to the counterparty would depend upon, among other factors, the receivership assets available to pay the claim and the priority of the claim relative to others. In addition, the FDIC may enforce most contracts entered into by the insolvent institution, notwithstanding any provision that would terminate, cause a default, accelerate or give other rights under the contract solely because of the insolvency, the appointment of the receiver (or conservator), or the exercise of rights or powers by the receiver (or conservator). The FDIC may also transfer any asset or liability of the insolvent institution without obtaining approval or consent from the institution’s shareholders or creditors. These provisions would apply to obligations and liabilities of UBOH’s insured depository institution subsidiary, including any obligations under senior or subordinated debt issued to public investors. Depositor preference The FDIA provides that, in the event of the liquidation or other resolution of an insured depository institution, the claims of its depositors (including claims of its depositors that have subrogated to the FDIC) and certain claims for administrative expenses of the FDIC as receiver have priority over other general unsecured claims. If an insured depository institution fails, insured and uninsured depositors, along with the FDIC, will be placed ahead of unsecured, non-deposit creditors, including the institution’s parent bank, holding company and subordinated creditors, in order of priority of payment. 9 Other Regulatory Developments under the Dodd-Frank Act Federal regulators continue to implement provisions of the Dodd-Frank Act. The Dodd-Frank Act created many new restrictions and an expanded framework of regulatory oversight for financial institutions, including depository institutions. Currently, federal regulators are still in the process of drafting the implementing regulations for some portions of the Dodd-Frank Act. The Corporation is closely monitoring all relevant sections of the Dodd-Frank Act to ensure continued compliance with these regulatory requirements. The following discussion summarizes significant aspects of the Dodd-Frank Act that are already affecting or may affect UBOH and Union Bank: • • • • • • • • the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau has been empowered to exercise broad regulatory, supervisory and enforcement authority with respect to both new and existing consumer financial protection laws; the deposit insurance assessment base for federal deposit insurance has been expanded from domestic deposits to average assets minus average tangible equity; the prohibition on the payment of interest on commercial demand deposits has been repealed; the standard maximum amount of deposit insurance per customer has been permanently increased to $250,000; new corporate governance requirements require new compensation practices, including, but not limited to, providing shareholders the opportunity to cast a non-binding vote on executive compensation, requiring compensation committees to consider the independence of compensation advisors and meeting new executive compensation disclosure requirements; the Federal Reserve Board has established rules regarding interchange fees charged for electronic debit transactions by payment card issuers having assets over $10 billion. Although the cap is not applicable to Union Bank, it may have an adverse effect on Union Bank as the debit cards issued by Union Bank and other smaller banks, which have higher interchange fees, may become less competitive; “ability to repay” regulations generally require creditors to make a reasonable, good faith determination (considering at least 8 specified underwriting factors) of a consumer’s ability to repay any consumer credit transaction secured by a dwelling (excluding an open-end credit plan, timeshare plan, reverse mortgage or temporary loan) and provides a presumption that the creditor making a “qualified mortgage” satisfied the ability-to-repay requirements; and the authority of the Federal Reserve Board to examine financial holding companies and their non-bank subsidiaries was expanded. Some aspects of the Dodd-Frank Act are still subject to rulemaking and will take effect in the coming years, making it difficult to anticipate the full financial impact on the Corporation, their respective customers or the financial services industry more generally. However, the implementation of certain provisions have already increased compliance costs and the implementation of future provisions will most likely further increase both compliance costs and fees paid to regulators, along with possibly restricting the operations of the Corporation. The Bank Secrecy Act (BSA) The BSA requires all financial institutions (including banks and securities broker-dealers) to, among other things, maintain a risk-based system of internal controls reasonably designed to prevent money laundering and the financing of terrorism. It includes a variety of recordkeeping and reporting requirements (such as cash and suspicious activity reporting) as well as due diligence and know-your-customer documentation requirements. Union Bank has established and maintains an anti-money laundering program to comply with the BSA’s requirements. 10 Bank transactions with affiliates Federal banking law and regulation imposes qualitative standards and quantitative limitations upon certain transactions by a bank with its affiliates, including the bank’s parent bank holding company and certain companies the parent bank holding company may be deemed to control for these purposes. Transactions covered by these provisions must be on arm’s-length terms, and cannot exceed certain amounts which are determined with reference to the bank’s regulatory capital. Moreover, if the transaction is a loan or other extension of credit, it must be secured by collateral in an amount and quality expressly prescribed by statute, and if the affiliate is unable to pledge sufficient collateral, the bank holding company may be required to provide it. Statistical Financial Information Regarding the Corporation The following schedules and table analyze certain elements of the consolidated balance sheets and statements of income of the Corporation and its subsidiary, as required under Securities Act Industry Guide 3 promulgated by the Securities and Exchange Commission, and should be read in conjunction with the narrative analysis presented in ITEM 7, MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATION and the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Corporation, both of which are included in the 2017 Annual Report. 11 I. DISTRIBUTION OF ASSETS, LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY; INTEREST RATES AND INTEREST DIFFERENTIAL A. The following are the average balance sheets for the years ended December 31: 2017 2016 2015 (in thousands) ASSETS Interest-earning assets Securities(1) Taxable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $118,335 $121,442 $139,407 Non-taxable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Interest-bearing deposits Loans(2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total interest-earning assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Non-interest-earning assets Cash and due from banks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Premises and equipment, net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Accrued interest receivable and other assets . . . . . . . . . . . . Allowance for loan losses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71,480 6,999 421,564 618,378 9,155 16,504 42,160 (3,033) 70,371 11,042 361,437 564,292 9,081 11,929 32,984 (3,598) 68,331 11,336 358,368 577,442 8,932 12,211 33,754 (3,586) $683,164 $614,688 $628,753 LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY Interest-bearing liabilities Deposits Savings and interest-bearing demand deposits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Time deposits Junior subordinated deferrable interest debentures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other borrowings $323,805 141,757 12,825 23,090 Total interest-bearing liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 501,477 $285,729 140,562 12,791 4,525 443,607 Non-interest-bearing liabilities Demand deposits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Accrued interest payable and other liabilities . . . . . . . . . . Shareholders’ equity(3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100,148 5,942 75,597 92,811 4,203 74,067 $283,904 159,635 12,755 9,739 466,033 87,820 4,919 69,981 $683,164 $614,688 $628,753 (1) Securities include securities available-for-sale, which are carried at fair value, and restricted bank stock carried at cost. The average balance includes monthly average balances of fair value adjustments and daily average balances for the amortized cost of securities. (2) Loan balances include principal balances of non-accrual loans and loans held for sale. (3) Shareholders’ equity includes average net unrealized appreciation (depreciation) on securities available-for-sale, net of tax. 12 I. DISTRIBUTION OF ASSETS, LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY; INTEREST RATES AND INTEREST DIFFERENTIAL (CONTINUED) B. The following tables set forth, for the years indicated, the condensed average balances of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, the interest earned or paid on such amounts, and the average interest rates earned or paid thereon. 2017 Average Balance Interest Average Rate (dollars in thousands) Interest-earning assets Securities(1) Taxable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Non-taxable(2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $118,335 71,480 $ 2,403 2,549 Loans(3),(4) Interest-bearing deposits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 421,564 21,305 6,999 382 Total interest-earning assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 618,378 26,639 INTEREST-BEARING LIABILITIES Deposits Savings and interest-bearing demand deposits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Time deposits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Junior subordinated deferrable interest debentures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other borrowings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $323,805 141,757 12,825 23,090 Total interest-bearing liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $501,477 888 1,237 596 397 3,118 Net interest income, tax equivalent basis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $23,521 Net interest income as a percent of average interest-earning assets . . . . 2.03% 3.57% 5.05% 5.46% 4.31% 0.27% 0.87% 4.65% 1.72% 0.62% 3.80% (1) Securities include securities available-for-sale, which are carried at fair value, and restricted bank stock carried at cost. The average balance includes monthly average balances of fair value adjustments and daily average balances for the amortized cost of securities. (2) Computed on tax equivalent basis for non-taxable securities (34% statutory rate). (3) Loan balances include principal balance of non-accrual loans and loans held for sale. (4) Interest income on loans includes fees of $1,137,000. 13 I. DISTRIBUTION OF ASSETS, LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY; INTEREST RATES AND INTEREST DIFFERENTIAL (CONTINUED) 2016 Average Balance Interest Average Rate (dollars in thousands) Interest-earning assets Securities(1) Taxable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Non-taxable(2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $121,442 70,371 $ 2,202 2,479 Loans(3),(4) Interest-Bearing Deposits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361,437 17,457 11,042 332 Total interest-earning assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 564,292 22,470 INTEREST-BEARING LIABILITIES Deposits Savings and interest-bearing demand deposits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Time deposits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Junior subordinated deferrable interest debentures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other borrowings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $285,729 140,562 12,791 4,525 Total interest-bearing liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $443,607 578 1,109 495 49 2,231 Net interest income, tax equivalent basis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $20,239 Net interest income as a percent of average interest-earning assets . . . . 1.81% 3.52% 4.83% 3.01% 3.98% 0.20% 0.79% 3.87% 1.08% 0.50% 3.59% (1) Securities include securities available-for-sale, which are carried at fair value, and FHLB stock carried at cost. The average balance includes monthly average balances of market value adjustments and daily average balances for the amortized cost of securities. (2) Computed on tax equivalent basis for non-taxable securities (34% statutory rate). (3) Loan balances include principal balance of non-accrual loans and loans held for sale. (4) Interest income on loans includes fees of $971,000. 14 I. DISTRIBUTION OF ASSETS, LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY; INTEREST RATES AND INTEREST DIFFERENTIAL (CONTINUED) 2015 Average Balance Interest Average Rate (dollars in thousands) Interest-earning assets Securities(1) Taxable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Non-taxable(2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $139,407 68,331 $ 2,549 2,555 Loans(3),(4) Interest-Bearing Deposits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 358,368 18,322 11,336 279 Total interest-earning assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 577,442 23,705 INTEREST-BEARING LIABILITIES Deposits Savings and interest-bearing demand deposits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Time deposits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Junior subordinated deferrable interest debentures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other borrowings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $283,904 159,635 12,755 9,739 Total interest-bearing liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $466,033 335 1,245 446 52 2,078 Net interest income, tax equivalent basis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $21,627 Net interest income as a percent of average interest-earning assets . . . . 1.83% 3.74% 5.11% 2.46% 4.11% 0.12% 0.78% 3.50% 0.53% 0.45% 3.75% (1) Securities include securities available-for-sale, which are carried at fair value, and FHLB stock carried at cost. The average balance includes monthly average balances of market value adjustments and daily average balances for the amortized cost of securities. (2) Computed on tax equivalent basis for non-taxable securities (34% statutory rate). (3) Loan balances include principal balance of non-accrual loans and loans held for sale. (4) Interest income on loans includes fees of $706,000. 15 I. DISTRIBUTION OF ASSETS, LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY; INTEREST RATES AND INTEREST DIFFERENTIAL (CONTINUED) C. The following tables set forth the effect of volume and rate changes on interest income and expenses for the periods indicated. For purposes of these tables, changes in interest due to volume and rate were determined as follows: Volume variance — change in volume multiplied by the previous year’s rate. Rate variance — change in rate multiplied by the previous year’s volume. Rate/volume variance — change in volume multiplied by the change in rate. • This variance was allocated to volume variances and rate variances in proportion to the relationship of the absolute dollar amount of the change in each. Interest on non-taxable securities has been adjusted to a fully tax equivalent basis using a statutory tax rate of 34% in all years presented. 2017/2016 Total Variance Variance Attributable To Volume Rate (in thousands) INTEREST INCOME Securities – Taxable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Non-taxable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Loans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Subtotal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 201 70 3,848 50 4,169 $ (57) 39 3,009 (152) 2,839 $ 258 31 839 202 1,330 INTEREST EXPENSE Deposits – Savings and interest-bearing demand deposits . . . . . . . . . . . . . Time deposits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Junior subordinated deferrable interest debentures . . . . . . . . . . . Other borrowings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Subtotal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310 128 101 348 887 78 9 1 304 392 232 119 100 44 495 NET INTEREST INCOME . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $3,282 $2,447 $ 835 16 I. DISTRIBUTION OF ASSETS, LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY; INTEREST RATES AND INTEREST DIFFERENTIAL (CONTINUED) 2016/2015 Total Variance Variance Attributable To Volume Rate (in thousands) INTEREST INCOME Securities – Taxable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ (347) $(326) $ (21) Non-taxable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Loans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (75) (866) 53 Subtotal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (1,235) INTEREST EXPENSE Deposits – Savings and interest-bearing demand deposits . . . . . . . . . . . . . Time deposits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Junior subordinated deferrable interest debentures . . . . . . . . . . . Other borrowings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Subtotal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243 (136) 49 (3) 153 75 156 (7) (102) 2 (150) 1 (37) (184) (150) (1,022) 60 (1,133) 241 14 48 34 337 NET INTEREST INCOME . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $(1,388) $ 82 $(1,470) 17 II. INVESTMENT PORTFOLIO A. The carrying amounts of securities available-for-sale as of December 31 are summarized as follows: 2017 2016 2015 (in thousands) U.S. Government agency securities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ — $ — $ 3,966 Obligations of states and political subdivisions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67,979 70,624 Mortgage-backed securities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100,463 118,595 Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 986 986 73,482 104,480 1,001 $169,428 $190,205 $182,929 B. The maturity distribution and weighted average yield of securities available-for-sale at December 31, 2017 are as follows(1): Obligations of states and political subdivisions Mortgage-backed securities(2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maturing After One Year But Within Five Years After Five Years But Within Ten Years (dollars in thousands) Within One Year After Ten Years . . . . . . $2,690 $20,015 $29,374 $ 15,900 — — 10,285 90,178 $2,690 $20,015 $39,659 $106,078 Obligations of states and political subdivisions . . . . . . . . . . Mortgage-backed securities(2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Weighted Average Yield – Portfolio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.35% — 3.35% Weighted Average Yield 2.69% — 2.69% 2.68% 2.99% 2.76% 3.60% 2.78% 2.90% (1) Table excludes restricted bank stock and $986,000 of securities having no maturity date. (2) Maturity based upon estimated weighted-average life. The weighted average interest rates are based on coupon rates for securities purchased at par value and on effective interest rates considering amortization or accretion if the securities were purchased at a premium or discount. C. There were no securities which exceeded 10% of shareholders’ equity at December 31, 2017. 18 III. LOAN AND LEASE PORTFOLIO A. Types of Loans and Leases — Total loans and leases, including loans held for sale, are comprised of the following classifications at December 31 for the years indicated: 2017 2016 2015 2014 2013 (in thousands) Commercial and agricultural . . . . . . . . . . $380,330 $283,205 $272,297 $275,769 $235,152 Real estate mortgage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123,802 Consumer loans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,664 90,379 4,012 78,443 3,857 80,598 4,800 56,651 3,934 $508,796 $377,596 $354,597 $361,167 $295,737 Real estate mortgage loans include real estate construction loans of $3.0 million in 2017, $2.2 million in 2016, $10.3 million in 2015, $1.3 million in 2014, and $3.6 million in 2013. There were no lease financing receivables in any year. CONCENTRATIONS OF CREDIT RISK — The Corporation’s depository institution subsidiary grants commercial, real estate, installment, and credit card loans to customers primarily located in Northwestern and West Central Ohio. Commercial loans include loans collateralized by business assets and agricultural loans collateralized by farm equipment. As of December 31, 2017, commercial and agricultural loans make up 74.75% of the loan portfolio; the loans are expected to be repaid from cash flow from operations of the businesses. As of December 31, 2017, real estate mortgage loans make up 24.33% of the loan and lease portfolio and are collateralized by first mortgages on residential real estate. As of December 31, 2017, consumer loans to individuals make up 0.92% of the loan and lease portfolio and are primarily collateralized by consumer assets. B. Maturities and Sensitivities of Loans and Leases to Changes in Interest Rates — The following table shows the amounts of commercial and agricultural loans outstanding as of December 31, 2017 which, based on remaining scheduled repayments of principal, are due in the periods indicated. Also, the amounts have been classified according to sensitivity to changes in interest rates for commercial and agricultural loans due after one year. (Variable-rate loans are those loans with floating or adjustable interest rates.) Maturing Within one year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . After one year but within five years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . After five years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Commercial and Agricultural (in thousands) $ 1,257 29,549 349,524 $380,330 Due after one year but within five years . . . . . . . . . . Due after five years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Interest Sensitivity Fixed Rate $17,825 52,409 $70,234 Variable and Adjustable Rate (in thousands) $ 47,669 261,170 $308,839 Total $ 65,494 313,579 $379,073 19 III. LOAN AND LEASE PORTFOLIO (CONTINUED) C. Risk Elements — Non-accrual, Past Due, Restructured and Impaired Loans and Leases — The following table summarizes non-accrual, past due, restructured and impaired loans and leases at December 31: (a) Loans accounted for on a non-accrual basis . . . . $2,767 $6,003 $5,945 $5,220 $6,511 2017 2016 2015 2014 2013 (in thousands) (b) Loans contractually past due 90 days or more as to interest or principal payments and still accruing interest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (c) Loans not included in (a) or (b) which are Troubled Debt Restructurings as defined by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170 154 260 1,513 37 712 1,208 1,795 2,121 495 $3,649 $7,365 $8,000 $8,854 $7,043 The following is reported for the years ended December 31: 2017 2016 2015 2014 2013 (in thousands) Gross interest income that would have been recorded on non-accrual loans outstanding if the loans had been current, in accordance with their original terms and had been outstanding throughout the period or since origination, if held for part of the period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $131 $275 $432 $596 $633 Interest income actually recorded on non-accrual loans and included in net income for the period . . . — Interest income not recognized during the period . . . . $131 — $275 — $432 — $596 — $633 1. Discussion of the non-accrual policy The accrual of interest on mortgage and commercial loans is generally discontinued at the time the loan is 90 days past due unless the credit is well-secured and in process of collection. Personal loans are typically charged-off no later than when they become 150 days past due. Past due status is based on contractual terms of the loan. In all cases, loans are placed on non-accrual or charged-off at an earlier date if collection of principal or interest is considered doubtful. All interest accrued but not collected for loans that are placed on nonaccrual or charged-off is reversed against interest income. Interest on these loans is accounted for on the cash-basis or cost-recovery method, until qualifying for return to accrual. Loans are returned to accrual status when all the principal and interest amounts contractually due are brought current and future payments are reasonably assured. 2. Potential problem loans As of December 31, 2017, in addition to the $3.6 million of loans reported under Item III C, there are approximately $4.4 million of other outstanding loans where known information causes management to have doubts as to the ability of such borrowers to comply with the present loan repayment terms and which may result in disclosure of such loans pursuant to Item III C at some future date. Consideration was given to loans classified for regulatory purposes as substandard or special mention that have not been disclosed in Item III C above. 20 III. LOAN AND LEASE PORTFOLIO (CONTINUED) 3. Foreign outstanding loans None. 4. Loan concentrations None. D. Other interest-bearing assets As of December 31, 2017, there were no other interest-bearing assets that are required to be disclosed. IV. SUMMARY OF LOAN LOSS EXPERIENCE A. The following schedule presents an analysis of the allowance for loan losses, average loan data and related ratios for the years ended December 31: 2017 2016 2015 2014 2013 (dollars in thousands) LOANS Loans outstanding at end of period(1) . . $508,796 $377,596 $354,597 $361,167 $295,737 Average loans outstanding during period(1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $421,564 $361,437 $358,368 $310,237 $299,379 ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES Balance at beginning of period . . . . . . . $ 3,345 $ 3,834 $ 3,840 $ 4,014 $ 6,918 Loans charged off: Commercial and agricultural . . . . . . . Real estate mortgage . . . . . . . . . . . . Consumer loans to individuals . . . . . . Recoveries of loans previously charged off: Commercial and agricultural . . . . . . . Real estate mortgage . . . . . . . . . . . . Consumer loans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Net loan (charge offs) recoveries . . . . . . . . Provision (credit) for loan losses . . . . . . . . (616) (45) (28) (689) 506 14 9 529 (160) (350) (98) (52) (10) (160) 351 61 9 421 261 (750) $ $ (447) (176) (16) (639) 222 20 9 251 (388) 382 (368) (117) (12) (497) 739 9 5 753 256 (430) (2,614) (4) (23) (2,641) 541 11 18 570 (2,071) (833) Balance at end of period . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 2,835 $ 3,345 $ 3,834 $ 3,840 $ 4,014 Ratio of net charge-offs (recoveries) during the period to average loans outstanding during the period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (1) Including loans held for sale. 0.04% (0.07)% 0.11% (0.08)% 0.69% 21 IV. SUMMARY OF LOAN LOSS EXPERIENCE (CONTINUED) The amount of loan charge-offs and recoveries fluctuate from year to year due to various factors relating to the condition of the general economy and specific business segments. The 2017 loan charge-offs included 114 consumer, mortgage, HELOC or commercial credits, with the largest individual charge-off being $406,000. The 2016 net recoveries included 46 consumer, mortgage, HELOC, commercial or agricultural credits, with the largest individual charge-off being $86,000. The 2015 loan charge-offs included 25 consumer, mortgage, HELOC, commercial or agricultural credits, with the largest individual charge-off being $327,000. In 2014, the net recoveries of $256,000 included seven commercial or agricultural borrowers, with the largest charge-off being $181,000. The 2013 loan charge-offs included nine commercial or agricultural credits, with the largest individual charge-off being $1,269,000. The Corporation recognized a credit for loan losses of $350,000 in 2017, a credit for loan losses of $750,000 in 2016, and a provision for loan losses of $382,000 in 2015. Problem and potential problem loans aggregated $8.0 million at December 31, 2017 compared to $9.7 million December 31, 2016. The Corporation will continue to monitor the credit quality of its loan portfolio, and especially the quality of those credits identified as problem or potential problem credits, to ensure the allowance for loan losses is maintained at an appropriate level. The allowance for loan losses balance and the provision for loan losses are judgmentally determined by management based upon periodic reviews of the loan portfolio. In addition, management considered the level of charge-offs on loans as well as the fluctuations of charge-offs and recoveries on loans including the factors which caused these changes. Estimating the risk of loans and the amount of loss is necessarily subjective. Accordingly, the allowance is maintained by management at a level considered adequate to cover losses that are currently anticipated based on past loss experience, general economic conditions, information about specific borrower situations including their financial position and collateral value and other factors and estimates which are subject to change over time. B. The following schedule is a breakdown of the allowance for loan losses allocated by type of loan and related ratios. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Commercial and agricultural Real Estate mortgages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Consumer loans to individuals . . . . . . . . . . . . . Allocation of the Allowance for Loan Losses Percentage of Loans in Each Category to Total Loans Allowance Amount Allowance Amount Percentage of Loans in Each Category to Total Loans (dollars in thousands) December 31, 2017 December 31, 2016 $2,247 545 43 $2,835 79.3% 19.2% 1.5% 100.0% $2,772 542 31 $3,345 82.9% 16.2% 0.9% 100.0% December 31, 2015 December 31, 2014 Commercial and agricultural . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $3,433 Real Estate mortgages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Consumer loans to individuals . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373 28 89.5% 9.7% 0.7% $3,453 363 23 $3,834 100.0% $3,839 December 31, 2013 76.4% 22.3% 1.3% 100.0% Commercial and agricultural . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $3,651 Real Estate mortgages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Consumer loans to individuals . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345 18 79.5% 19.2% 1.3% $4,014 100.0% 22 IV. SUMMARY OF LOAN LOSS EXPERIENCE (CONTINUED) There were no reserves for impaired loans at December 31, 2017. The allowance for loan losses at December 31, 2016 included specific reserves for impaired loans amounting to $1,018,000. While the periodic analysis of the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses may require management to allocate portions of the allowance for specific problem loan situations, the entire allowance is available for any loan charge-offs that occur. V. DEPOSITS Deposits have traditionally been the Corporation’s primary funding source for use in lending and other investment activities. In addition to deposits, the Corporation derives funds from interest and principal repayments on loans and income from other earning assets. Loan repayments are a relatively stable source of funds, while deposit inflows and outflows tend to fluctuate in response to economic conditions and interest rates. Deposits are attracted principally from within the Corporation’s designated market area by offering a variety of deposit instruments, including regular savings accounts, demand deposit accounts, money market deposit accounts, term certificate accounts, and individual retirement accounts (IRAs). Interest rates paid, maturity terms, service fees, and withdrawal penalties for the various types of accounts are established periodically by the Corporation’s management based on the Corporation’s liquidity requirements, growth goals, and market trends. From time to time, the Corporation may also acquire brokered deposits. The amount of deposits from outside the Corporation’s market area is not significant. A.&B. The average amount of deposits and average rates paid are summarized as follows for the years ended December 31: Savings and interest-bearing demand deposits . . Time deposits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Demand deposits (non-interest bearing) . . . . . . Savings and interest-bearing demand deposits . . Time deposits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Demand deposits (non-interest bearing) . . . . . . (dollars in thousands) 2017 Average Rate 2016 Average Amount 0.27% $285,729 140,562 0.87% 92,811 — $519,102 2016 Average Rate 0.20% 0.79% — 2015 Average Rate 0.12% 0.78% — 2017 Average Amount $323,805 141,757 100,148 $565,710 2015 Average Amount $283,904 159,635 87,820 $531,359 C.&E. There were no foreign deposits in any periods presented. D. Maturities of certificates of deposit and other time deposits of $100,000 or more outstanding at December 31, 2017 are summarized as follows: Three months or less . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Over three months and through six months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Over six months and through twelve months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Over twelve months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (in thousands) $13,432 12,098 32,641 18,591 $76,762 23 VI. RETURN ON EQUITY AND ASSETS The ratio of net income to average shareholders’ equity and average total assets and certain other ratios are as follows: 2017 2016 2015 (dollars in thousands) Average total assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Average shareholders’ equity(1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $683,164 $614,688 $628,753 $ 75,597 $ 74,067 $ 69,981 Net Income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cash dividends declared . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ $ 3,846 1,569 $ $ 5,521 1,446 $ $ 5,917 1,200 Return on average total assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Return on average shareholders’ equity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dividend payout ratio(2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Average shareholders’ equity to average total assets . . . . . . . . . 0.56% 5.09% 40.80% 11.07% 0.90% 7.45% 26.19% 12.05% 0.94% 8.46% 20.28% 11.13% (1) Average shareholders’ equity includes average unrealized gains or losses on securities available-for-sale. (2) Dividends declared divided by net income. VII. SHORT-TERM BORROWINGS The Corporation has established lines of credit with its major correspondent banks to purchase federal funds to meet liquidity needs. At December 31, 2017, the Corporation did not have any federal funds purchased, out of the $63.7 million available under such lines. The Corporation also uses repurchase agreements as a source of funds. These agreements essentially represent borrowings by the Corporation from customers with maturities of three months or less. Certain securities are pledged as collateral for these agreements. At December 31, 2017, the Corporation had no repurchase agreements. 24 Item 1A. Risk Factors There are risks inherent to the Corporation’s business. The material risks and uncertainties that management believes affect the Corporation are described below. The risks and uncertainties described below are not the only ones facing the Corporation. Additional risks and uncertainties that management is not aware of or focused on or that management currently deems immaterial may also impair the Corporation’s business operations. This report is qualified in its entirety by these risk factors. If any of the following risks actually occur, the Corporation’s financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected. Risks Related to the Corporation’s Business The Corporation is Subject to Interest Rate Risk The Corporation’s earnings and cash flows are largely dependent upon its net interest income. Net interest income is the difference between interest income earned on interest-earning assets such as loans and securities and interest expense paid on interest-bearing liabilities such as deposits and borrowed funds. Interest rates are highly sensitive to many factors that are beyond the Corporation’s control, including general economic conditions and policies of various governmental and regulatory agencies and, in particular, the Federal Reserve Board. Changes in monetary policy, including changes in interest rates, could influence not only the interest the Corporation receives on loans and securities and the amount of interest it pays on deposits and borrowings, but such changes could also affect (i) the Corporation’s ability to originate loans and obtain deposits, (ii) the fair value of the Corporation’s financial assets and liabilities, and (iii) the average duration of the Corporation’s mortgage-backed securities portfolio. If the interest rates paid on deposits and other borrowings increase at a faster rate than the interest rates received on loans and other investments, the Corporation’s net interest income, and therefore earnings, could be adversely affected. Earnings could also be adversely affected if the interest rates received on loans and other investments fall more quickly than the interest rates paid on deposits and other borrowings. Changing interest rates may decrease our earnings and asset values. Although management believes it has implemented effective asset and liability management strategies to reduce the potential effects of changes in interest rates on the Corporation’s results of operations, any substantial, unexpected, prolonged change in market interest rates could have a material adverse effect on the Corporation’s financial condition and results of operations. Expected interest rate increases could negatively affect our income, if we are not able to anticipate corresponding changes in market forces. The Corporation’s operating results are dependent to a significant degree on its net interest income, which is the difference between interest income from loans, investments and other interest-earning assets and interest expense on deposits, borrowings and other interest-bearing liabilities. The interest income and interest expense of the Corporation change as the interest rates on interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities change. Interest rates may change because of general economic conditions, the policies of various regulatory authorities and other factors beyond the Corporation’s control. In a rising interest rate environment, loans tend to prepay slowly and new loans at higher rates increase slowly, while interest paid on deposits increases rapidly because the terms to maturity of deposits tend to be shorter than the terms to maturity or prepayment of loans. Such differences in the adjustment of interest rates on assets and liabilities may negatively affect the Corporation’s income. We are subject to credit risk related to the interest rate environment and the economic conditions of the markets in which we operate. There are inherent risks associated with the Corporation’s lending activities. These risks include, among other things, the impact of changes in interest rates and changes in the economic conditions in the markets where the Corporation operates as well as those across the State of Ohio, the United States and abroad. Increases in interest rates and/or weakening economic conditions could adversely impact the ability of borrowers to repay outstanding loans or the value of the collateral securing these loans. The Corporation 25 is also subject to various laws and regulations that affect its lending activities. Failure to comply with applicable laws and regulations could subject the Corporation to regulatory enforcement action that could result in the assessment of significant civil monetary penalties against the Corporation. The Corporation’s level of non-performing loans has decreased over the past couple of years. However, an increase in non-performing loans could result in a net loss of earnings from these loans, an increase in the provision for loans losses and an increase in loan charge-offs, all of which could have a material adverse effect on the Corporation’s financial condition and results of operations. The Corporation is subject to liquidity risk in its operations, which could adversely affect the ability to fund various obligations. Liquidity risk is the possibility of being unable to meet obligations as they come due, pay deposits when withdrawn, capitalize on growth opportunities as they arise, or pay dividends because of an inability to liquidate assets or obtain adequate funding on a timely basis, at a reasonable cost and within acceptable risk tolerances. Liquidity is derived primarily from retail deposit growth and retention, principal and interest payments on loans and investment securities, net cash provided from operation and access to other funding sources. Liquidity is essential to our business. We must maintain sufficient funds to respond to the needs of depositors and borrowers. An inability to raise funds through deposits, borrowings, the sale or pledging as collateral of loans and other assets could have a material adverse effect on our liquidity. Our access to funding sources in amounts adequate to finance our activities could be impaired by factors that affect us specifically or the financial services industry in general. Factors that could detrimentally impact our access to liquidity sources include a decrease in the level of our business activity due to a market downturn or regulatory action that limits or eliminates our access to alternate funding sources. Our ability to borrow could also be impaired by factors that are nonspecific to us, such as severe disruption of the financial markets or negative expectations about the prospects for the financial services industry as a whole, as evidenced by recent turmoil in the domestic and worldwide credit markets. Changes in accounting standards could impact the Corporation’s reported earnings. Current accounting and tax rules, standards, policies and interpretations influence the methods by which financial institutions conduct business and govern financial reporting and disclosures. These laws, regulations, rules, standards, policies and interpretations are constantly evolving and may change significantly over time. Events that may not have a direct impact on the Corporation, such as bankruptcy of major U.S. companies, have resulted in legislators, regulators, and authoritative bodies, such as the Financial Accounting Standards Board, the Securities and Exchange Commission, the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board and various taxing authorities, responding by adopting and/or proposing substantive revision to laws, regulations, rules, standards, policies and interpretations. New accounting pronouncements and varying interpretations of accounting pronouncements have occurred and may occur in the future. The Corporation’s financial condition and results of operations may be adversely affected by a change in accounting standards. The Corporation’s Allowance for Loan Losses May Be Insufficient The Corporation maintains an allowance for loan losses, which is a reserve established through a provision for loan losses charged to expense, that represents management’s best estimate of probable losses within the existing portfolio of loans. The allowance, in the judgment of management, is necessary to reserve for estimated loan losses and risks inherent in the loan portfolio. The level of the allowance reflects management’s continuing evaluation of industry concentrations; specific credit risks; loan and lease loss experience; current loan and lease portfolio quality; present economic, political and regulatory conditions and unidentified losses inherent in the current loan and lease portfolio. The determination of the appropriate level of the allowance for loan and lease losses inherently involves a high degree of subjectivity and requires the Corporation to make significant estimates of current credit risks and future trends, all of which may undergo material changes. Changes in economic conditions affecting borrowers, new information regarding existing loans, identification of additional problem loans and other factors, both within and outside of the Corporation’s control, may require a potentially significant increase in the allowance for loan losses. In addition, bank regulatory agencies periodically review the Corporation’s 26 allowance for loan and lease losses and may require an increase in the provision for loan and lease losses or the recognition of further loan and lease charge-offs, based on judgments different than those of management. In addition, if charge-offs in future periods exceed the allowance for loan and lease losses, the Corporation will need additional provisions to increase the allowance for loan and lease losses. Any increases in the allowance for loan and lease losses will result in a decrease in net income and, possibly, capital, and may have a material adverse effect on the Corporation’s financial condition and results of operations. Prepayments of loans may negatively impact our business. Generally, customers of the Corporation may prepay the principal amount of their outstanding loans at any time. The speed at which such prepayments occur, as well as the size of such prepayments, are within such customers’ discretion. If customers prepay the principal amount of their loans, and the Corporation is unable to lend those funds to other borrowers or invest the funds at the same or higher interest rates, the Corporation’s interest income will be reduced. A significant reduction in interest income could have a negative impact on the Corporation’s results of operations and financial condition. The Corporation may face increasing pressure from historical purchasers of our residential mortgage loans to repurchase those loans or reimburse purchasers for losses related to those loans. The Corporation generally sells the fixed rate long-term residential mortgage loans it originates on the secondary market and retains adjustable rate mortgage loans for its portfolios. In response to the financial crisis, the Corporation believes that purchasers of residential mortgage loans, such as government sponsored entities, are increasing their efforts to seek to require sellers of residential mortgage loans to either repurchase loans previously sold or reimburse purchasers for losses related to loans previously sold when losses are incurred on a loan previously sold due to actual or alleged failure to strictly conform to the purchaser’s purchase criteria. As a result, the Corporation may face increasing pressure from historical purchasers of its residential mortgage loans to repurchase those loans or reimburse purchasers for losses related to those loans and the Corporation may face increasing expenses to defend against such claims. If the Corporation is required in the future to repurchase loans previously sold, reimburse purchasers for losses related to loans previously sold, or if the Corporation incurs increasing expenses to defend against such claims, its financial condition and results of operations would be negatively affected. Additionally, such actions would lower the Corporation’s capital ratios as a result of increased assets and reduced income through expenses and any losses incurred. The Dodd-Frank Act may adversely impact the Corporation’s results of operations, financial condition or liquidity. The Dodd-Frank Act, enacted in 2010, is complex and several of its provisions are still being implemented. The Dodd-Frank Act established the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, which has extensive regulatory and enforcement powers over consumer financial products and services, and the Financial Stability Oversight Council, which has oversight authority for monitoring and regulating systemic risk. In addition, the Dodd-Frank Act altered the authority and duties of the federal banking and securities regulatory agencies, implemented certain corporate governance requirements for all public companies including financial institutions with regard to executive compensation, proxy access by shareholders, and certain whistleblower provisions, and restricted certain proprietary trading and hedge fund and private equity activities of banks and their affiliates. The Dodd-Frank Act also required the issuance of numerous regulations, many of which have not yet been issued. The regulations will continue to take effect over several more years, continuing to make it difficult to anticipate the overall impact. If the Corporation is required to write-down goodwill and other intangible assets, its financial condition and results of operations would be negatively affected. A substantial portion of the value of the merger consideration paid in connection with recent acquisitions was allocated to goodwill and other intangible assets on the Corporation’s consolidated balance sheet. The amount of the purchase price that is allocated to goodwill and other intangible assets is determined by the excess of the purchase price over the net identifiable assets acquired. The Corporation is required to conduct an annual review to determine whether goodwill and other identifiable intangible assets are impaired. 27 Goodwill is tested for impairment annually as of September 30th. An impairment test also could be triggered between annual testing dates if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value below the carrying amount. Examples of those events or circumstances would include a significant adverse change in business climate; a significant unanticipated loss of customers or assets under management; an unanticipated loss of key personnel; a sustained period of poor investment performance; a significant loss of deposits or loans; a significant reduction in profitability; or a significant change in loan credit quality. The Corporation cannot assure that it will not be required to take an impairment charge in the future. Any material impairment charge would have a negative effect on the Corporation’s financial results and shareholders’ equity. The Corporation’s Profitability Depends Significantly on Economic Conditions in the State of Ohio The Corporation’s success depends primarily on the general economic conditions of the State of Ohio and the specific local markets in which the Corporation operates. Unlike larger national or other regional banks that are more geographically diversified, the Corporation provides banking and financial services to customers primarily in the Ohio counties of Allen, Delaware, Franklin, Hancock, Putnam, Marion, Sandusky, Van Wert, and Wood. The local economic conditions in these areas have a significant impact on the demand for the Corporation’s products and services as well as the ability of the Corporation’s customers to repay loans, the value of the collateral securing loans and the stability of the Corporation’s deposit funding sources. A significant decline in general economic conditions, caused by inflation, recession, acts of terrorism, outbreak of hostilities or other international or domestic occurrences, unemployment, changes in securities markets or other factors could impact those local economic conditions and, in turn, have a material adverse effect on the Corporation’s financial condition and results of operations. The Corporation Operates in a Highly Competitive Industry and Market Area The Corporation faces substantial competition in all areas of its operations from a variety of different competitors, many of whom are larger and may have more financial resources. Such competitors primarily include national, regional, and community banks within the various markets the Corporation operates. The Corporation also faces competition from many other types of financial institutions, including, without limitation, savings and loans, credit unions, finance companies, brokerage firms, insurance companies, factoring companies and other financial intermediaries. The financial services industry could become even more competitive as a result of legislative, regulatory and technological changes and continued consolidation. Banks, securities firms and insurance companies can merge under the umbrella of a financial holding company, which can offer virtually any type of financial service, including banking, securities underwriting, insurance (both agency and underwriting) and merchant banking. Also, technology has lowered barriers to entry and made it possible for non-banks to offer products and services traditionally provided by banks, such as automatic transfer and automatic payment systems. Many of the Corporation’s competitors have fewer regulatory constraints and may have lower cost structures. Additionally, due to their size, many competitors may be able to achieve economies of scale and, as a result, may offer a broader range of products and services as well as better pricing for those products and services than the Corporation can. The Corporation’s ability to compete successfully depends on a number of factors, including, among other things: • • • • The ability to develop, maintain and build upon long-term customer relationships based on top quality service, high ethical standards and safe, sound assets. The ability to expand the Corporation’s market position. The scope, relevance and pricing of products and services offered to meet customer needs and demands. The rate at which the Corporation introduces new products and services relative to its competitors. 28 • • Customer satisfaction with the Corporation’s level of service. Industry and general economic trends. Failure to perform in any of these areas could significantly weaken the Corporation’s competitive position, which could adversely affect the Corporation’s growth and profitability, which, in turn, could have a material adverse effect on the Corporation’s financial condition and results of operations. Legislative or regulatory changes or actions could adversely impact our business The financial services industry is extensively regulated. We are subject to extensive state and federal regulation, supervision and legislation that govern almost all aspects of our operations. These laws and regulations are primarily intended for the protection of consumers, depositors, borrowers, and the DIF, not to benefit our shareholders. Changes to laws and regulations or other actions by regulatory agencies may negatively impact us, possibly limiting the services we provide, increasing the ability of non-banks to compete with us or requiring us to change the way we operate. Regulatory authorities have extensive discretion in connection with their supervisory and enforcement activities, including the ability to impose restrictions on the operation of an institution and the ability to determine the adequacy of an institution’s allowance for loan losses. Failure by and bank or bank holding company to comply with applicable laws, regulations, and policies could result in sanctions being imposed by the regulatory agencies, including the imposition of civil money penalties, which could have a material adverse effect on our operations and financial condition. The Corporation is subject to Environmental Liability Risk Associated with Lending Activities A significant portion of the Corporation’s loan and lease portfolio is secured by real property. During the ordinary course of business, the Corporation may foreclose on and take title to properties securing certain loans. In doing so, there is a risk that hazardous or toxic substances could be found on these properties. If hazardous or toxic substances are found, the Corporation may be liable for remediation costs, as well as for personal injury and property damage. Environmental laws may require the Corporation to incur substantial expenses and may materially reduce the affected property’s value or limit the Corporation’s ability to use or sell the affected property. In addition, future laws or more stringent interpretations or enforcement policies with respect to existing laws may increase the Corporation’s exposure to environmental liability. Although the Corporation may perform an environmental review before initiating any foreclosure action on real property, these reviews may not be sufficient to detect all potential environmental hazards. The remediation costs and any other financial liabilities associated with an environmental hazard could have a material adverse effect on the Corporation’s financial condition and results of operations. The Corporation’s Controls and Procedures May Fail or Be Circumvented Management regularly reviews and updates the Corporation’s internal controls, disclosure controls and procedures, and corporate governance policies and procedures. Any system of controls, however well designed and operated, is based in part on certain assumptions and can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurances that the objectives of the system are met. Any failure or circumvention of the Corporation’s controls and procedures or failure to comply with regulations related to controls and procedures could have a material adverse effect on the Corporation’s business, results of operations and financial condition. UBOH Relies On Dividends from Its Subsidiaries for Most of Its Revenue UBOH is a separate and distinct legal entity from its subsidiary. It receives substantially all of its revenue from dividends from its subsidiary. These dividends are the principal source of funds to pay dividends on UBOH common stock, interest and principal on UBOH debt, and other operating expenses. Various federal and/or state laws and regulations limit the amount of dividends that the Union Bank may pay to the UBOH. Under these law and regulations, the amount of dividends that may be paid by Union Bank in any calendar year is generally limited to the current year’s net profits, combined with the retained net profits of the preceding two years. In addition, the FDIC has issued policy statements that provide that insured banks should generally only pay dividends out of current operating earnings. Thus, the ability of 29 Union Bank to pay dividends to UBOH in the future will be subject to Union Bank’s ability to earn profits in the future, and the federal statutory provisions, regulations, regulatory policies, and capital guidelines which are applicable to UBOH and Union Bank. Furthermore, the Federal Reserve’s Small Bank Holding Company Policy Statement provides, inter alia, that it is expected that dividends by a holding company will be eliminated in the event that a holding company is: (1) not reducing its debt consistent with the requirement that the debt to equity ratio be reduced to .30:1, or (2) not meeting the requirements of its loan agreement(s). Also, UBOH’s right to participate in a distribution of assets upon a subsidiary’s liquidation or reorganization is subject to the prior claims of the subsidiary’s creditors. In the event the Union Bank is unable to pay dividends to UBOH, UBOH may not be able to service debt, pay obligations or pay dividends on the UBOH’s common stock or trust preferred securities. The inability to receive dividends from the Union Bank could have a material adverse effect on UBOH’s business, financial condition and results of operations. The Corporation May Not Be Able To Attract and Retain Skilled People The Corporation’s success depends, in large part, on its ability to attract and retain key people. Competition for the best people in most activities engaged in by the Corporation can be intense and the Corporation may not be able to hire such people or to retain them. The unexpected loss of services of one or more of the Corporation’s key personnel could have a material adverse impact on the Corporation’s business because of their skills, knowledge of the Corporation’s market, years of industry experience and the difficulty of promptly finding qualified replacement personnel. The Corporation’s Business could be Adversely Affected by Third-Party Service Providers, Data Breaches and Cyber-Attacks The Corporation faces the risk of operational disruption, failure or capacity constraints due to its dependency on third-party vendors for components of its business infrastructure. While the Corporation has selected these third-party vendors through its vendor management processes, the Corporation does not control their operations. As such, any failure on the part of these business partners to perform their various responsibilities could also adversely affect the Corporation’s business and operations. Further, the Corporation may be affected by data breaches at retailers and other third parties who participate in data interchanges with the Corporation and its customers that involve the theft of customer credit and debit card data, which may include the theft of the Corporation’s debit card PIN numbers and commercial card information used to make purchases at such retailers and other third parties. Such data breaches could result in the Corporation’s incurring significant expenses to reissue debit cards and cover losses, which could result in a material adverse effect on the Corporation’s results of operations. To date, the Corporation has not experienced any material losses relating to cyber-attacks or other information security breaches, but there can be no assurance that the Corporation will not suffer such attacks or attempted breaches, or incur resulting losses in the future. The Corporation’s risk and exposure to these matters remains heightened because of, among other things, the evolving nature of these threats, The Corporation’s plans to continue to implement internet and mobile banking to meet customer demand, and the current economic and political environment. As cyber and other data security threats continue to evolve, the Corporation may be required to expend significant additional resources to continue to modify and enhance its protective measures or to investigate and remediate any security vulnerabilities. The Corporation’s assets at risk for cyber-attacks include financial assets and non-public information belonging to customers. the Corporation utilizes several third-party vendors who have access to the Corporation’s assets via electronic media. Certain cyber security risks arise due to this access, including cyber espionage, blackmail, ransom, and theft. The Corporation employs many preventive and detective controls to protect its assets, and provides mandatory recurring information security training to all employees. The Corporation maintains certain insurance coverage to prevent material financial loss from cyber-attacks. 30 The financial services industry, as well as the broader economy, may be subject to new legislation, regulation, and government policy. At this time, it is difficult to predict the legislative and regulatory changes that will result from the combination of a new President of the United States and the first year since 2010 in which both Houses of Congress and the White House have majority memberships from the same political party. In recent years both the President and senior members of the House of Representatives have advocated for significant reduction of financial services regulation, to include amendments to the Dodd-Frank Act and structural changes to the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau. The new Administration and Congress also may cause broader economic changes due to changes in governing ideology and governing style. The change in the Federal Reserve Chairperson as well as new appointments to the Board of Governors to the Federal Reserve could affect monetary policy and interest rates, and changes in fiscal policy could affect broader patterns of trade and economic growth. Future legislation, regulation, and government policy could affect the banking industry as a whole, including our business and results of operations, in ways that are difficult to predict. In addition, our results of operations also could be adversely affected by changes in the way in which existing statutes and regulations are interpreted or applied by courts and government agencies. The Corporation Continually Encounters Technological Change The financial services industry is continually undergoing rapid technological change with frequent introductions of new technology-driven products and services. The effective use of technology increases efficiency and enables financial institutions to better serve customers and to reduce costs. The Corporation’s future success depends, in part, upon its ability to address the needs of its customers by using technology to provide products and services that will satisfy customer demands, as well as to create additional efficiencies in the Corporation’s operations. Many of the Corporation’s competitors have substantially greater resources to invest in technological improvements. The Corporation may not be able to effectively implement new technology-driven products and services or be successful in marketing these products and services to its customers. Failure to successfully keep pace with technological change affecting the financial services industry could have a material adverse impact on the Corporation’s business and, in turn, the Corporation’s financial condition and results of operations. Emergence of nonbank alternatives to the financial system. Consumers may decide not to use banks to complete their financial transactions. Technology and other changes, including the emergence of “Fintech Companies” are allowing parties to complete financial transactions through alternative methods that historically have involved banks. For example, consumers can also complete transactions, such as paying bills and/or transferring funds directly without the assistance of banks. The process of eliminating banks as intermediaries, known as “disintermediation,” could result in the loss of fee income, as well as the loss of customer deposits and the related income generated from those deposits. The loss of these revenue streams and the lower cost of deposits as a source of funds could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations. Damage to the Corporation’s reputation could damage its businesses. Maintaining trust in the Corporation is critical to our ability to attract and maintain customers, investors and employees. Damage to our reputation can therefore cause significant harm to our business and prospects. Harm to our reputation can arise from numerous sources, including, among others, employee misconduct, security breaches, compliance failures, litigation or regulatory outcomes or governmental investigations. Our reputation could also be harmed by the failure of an affiliate, a vendor or other third party with which we do business, to comply with laws or regulations. In addition, a failure or perceived failure to deliver appropriate standards of service and quality, to treat customers and clients fairly, or to handle or use confidential information of customers or clients appropriately or in compliance with applicable privacy laws and regulations can result in customer dissatisfaction, litigation and heightened regulatory scrutiny, all of which can lead to lost revenue, higher operating costs and harm to our reputation. Adverse publicity or negative information posted on social media websites regarding the Corporation, whether or not true, may result in harm to the prospects. Should any of these or other events or factors that can undermine our reputation occur, there is no assurance that the additional costs and expenses that we 31 may need to incur to address the issues giving rise to the reputational harm could not adversely affect our earnings and results of operations, or that damage to our reputation will not impair our ability to retain our existing or attract new customers, investors and employees. The Corporation Is Subject To Claims and Litigation Pertaining to Fiduciary Responsibility From time to time, customers make claims and take legal action pertaining to the Corporation’s performance of its fiduciary responsibilities. Whether customer claims and legal action related to the Corporation’s performance of its fiduciary responsibilities are founded or unfounded, if such claims and legal action are not resolved in a manner favorable to the Corporation they may result in significant financial liability and/or adversely affect the market perception of the Corporation and its products and services as well as impact customer demand for those products and services. Any financial liability or reputation damage could have a material adverse effect on the Corporation’s business, which, in turn, could have a material adverse effect on the Corporation’s financial condition and results of operations. Severe Weather, Natural Disasters, Acts of War Or Terrorism And Other External Events Could Significantly Impact The Corporation’s Business Severe weather, natural disasters, acts of war or terrorism and other adverse external events could have a significant impact on the Corporation’s ability to conduct business. Such events could affect the stability of the Corporation’s deposit base, impair the ability of borrowers to repay outstanding loans, impair the value of collateral securing loans, cause significant property damage, result in loss of revenue and/or cause the Corporation to incur additional expenses. Although management has established disaster recovery policies and procedures, the occurrence of any such event could have a material adverse effect on the Corporation’s business, which, in turn, could have a material adverse effect on the Corporation’s financial condition and results of operations. Risks Associated with the Corporation’s Industry The Earnings of Financial Services Companies are significantly affected by General Business and Economic Conditions The Corporation’s operations and profitability are impacted by general business and economic conditions in the United States and abroad. These conditions include short-term and long-term interest rates, inflation, money supply, political issues, legislative and regulatory changes, fluctuations in both debt and equity capital markets, broad trends in industry and finance, and the strength of the U.S. economy and the local economies in which the Corporation operates, all of which are beyond the Corporation’s control. Deterioration in economic conditions could result in an increase in loan delinquencies and non-performing assets, decreases in loan collateral values and a decrease in demand for the Corporation’s products and services, among other things, any of which could have a material adverse impact on the Corporation’s financial condition and results of operations. Financial Services Companies Depend on the Accuracy and Completeness of Information about Customers and Counterparties In deciding whether to extend credit or enter into other transactions, the Corporation may rely on information furnished by or on behalf of customers and counterparties, including financial statements, credit reports and other financial information. The Corporation may also rely on representations of those customers, counterparties or other third parties, such as independent auditors, as to the accuracy and completeness of that information. Reliance on inaccurate or misleading financial statements, credit reports or other financial information could have a material adverse impact on the Corporation’s business and, in turn, the Corporation’s financial condition and results of operations. 32 Consumers May Decide Not To Use Banks to Complete their Financial Transactions Technology and other changes are allowing parties to complete financial transactions that historically have involved banks through alternative methods. For example, consumers can now maintain funds that would have historically been held as bank deposits in brokerage accounts or mutual funds. Consumers can also complete transactions such as paying bills and/or transferring funds directly without the assistance of banks. The process of eliminating banks as intermediaries, known as “disintermediation,” could result in the loss of fee income, as well as the loss of customer deposits and the related income generated from those deposits. The loss of these revenue streams and the lower cost deposits as a source of funds could have a material adverse effect on the Corporation’s financial condition and results of operations. Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments Not applicable Item 2. Properties The following is a listing and brief description of the properties owned by the Corporation and the Bank and used in its business. All of the 16 properties are suitable for their intended use. In total, the facilities represent approximately 111,787 square feet. Full Service Branch Locations: Bowling Green 1300 North Main Street Columbus Grove Drive-Thru Facility 101 Progressive Drive 3211 Elida Road Delaware 30 Coal Bend Delphos 114 East Third Street Findlay 1500 Bright Road Gahanna 461 Beecher Road Gibsonburg 30 West Madison Street Kalida 110 East North Street Lima 701 Shawnee Road 1410 Bellefontaine Avenue Leipsic 318 South Belmore Street Marion 111 South Main Street Ottawa 245 West Main Street Pemberville 132 East Front Street Operations Facility: Columbus Grove 105 Progressive Drive Item 3. Legal Proceedings As of March 2, 2018, there are no pending legal proceedings to which the Corporation or its subsidiary are a party or to which any of their property is subject except routine legal proceedings to which the Corporation or its subsidiary are a party incident to its banking business. None of such proceedings are considered by the Corporation to be material. Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures Not applicable 33 PART II Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities Additional information required herein is incorporated by reference from (“Market Price and Dividends on Common Stock”) United Bancshares’ Annual Report to Shareholders for 2017 (“Annual Report”), which is included herein as Exhibit 13. Stock Repurchase Program The table below includes certain information regarding the Corporation’s repurchase of United Bancshares, Inc. common stock during the quarterly period ended December 31, 2017: Period Total number of shares purchased Weighted Average price paid per share 10/01/17 – 10/31/17 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11/01/17 – 11/30/17 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12/01/17 – 12/31/17 . . . . . . . . . . . . . — — — $— $— $— Total number of shares purchased as part of a publicly announced plan or program (a) 397,334 397,334 397,334 Maximum number of shares that may yet be purchased under the plan or program (a) 202,666 202,666 202,666 (1) A stock repurchase program (“Plan”) was announced on July 29, 2005 (100,000 shares authorized) and expanded by 100,000 shares on December 23, 2005, 200,000 shares on March 20, 2007, and 200,000 shares on December 17, 2014. The Plan authorizes the Corporation to repurchase up to 600,000 of the Corporation’s common shares from time to time in a program of market purchases or in privately negotiated transactions as the securities laws and market conditions permit. Item 6. Selected Financial Data The information required herein is incorporated by reference from (“Five Year Summary of Selected Financial Data”) United Bancshares’ Annual Report to Shareholders for 2017 (“Annual Report”), which is included herein as Exhibit 13. Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations The information required herein is incorporated by reference from page 5 through 16 (“Management’s Discussion and Analysis”) of United Bancshares’ Annual Report to Shareholders for 2017 (“Annual Report”), which is included herein as Exhibit 13. Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk We hereby incorporate information relating to market risk by reference to pages 15 through 16 (“Management’s Discussion and Analysis”) of United Bancshares’ Annual Report to Shareholders for 2017 (“Annual Report”), which is included herein as Exhibit 13. Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data The information required herein is incorporated by reference from pages 0 through 62 of United Bancshares’ Annual Report to Shareholders for 2017 (“Annual Report”), which is included herein as Exhibit 13. 34 Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure None. Item 9A. Controls and Procedures Management of the Corporation is responsible for establishing and maintaining effective disclosure controls and procedures, as defined under Rule 13a-15(e) and Rule 15d-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. An evaluation was performed under the supervision, and with the participation, of the Corporation’s management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Corporation’s disclosure controls and procedures as of December 31, 201. Based on the results of the evaluation, and as of the time of that evaluation, the Corporation’s management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, concluded that the Corporation’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Corporation in the reports it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the Commission’s rules and forms. 35 MANAGEMENT’S REPORT ON INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING The Corporation is responsible for the preparation, integrity, and fair presentation of the consolidated financial statements included in this annual report. Management of the Corporation and its subsidiary are responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f). The Corporation’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed under the supervision of the Corporation’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer. The purpose is to provide reasonable assurance to the Board of Directors regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of the Corporation’s financial statements for external purposes in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. Management maintains internal controls over financial reporting. The internal controls contain control processes, and actions are taken to correct deficiencies as they are identified. The internal controls are evaluated on an ongoing basis by the Corporation’s Management, and Audit Committee. Even effective internal controls, no matter how well designed, have inherent limitations — including the possibility of circumvention or overriding of controls — and therefore can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement preparation. Also, because of changes in conditions, internal control effectiveness may vary over time. Management assessed the Corporation’s internal controls as of December 31, 2017, in relation to criteria for effective internal control over financial reporting described in “Internal Control — Integrated Framework” (2014) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations (COSO) of the Treadway Commission. Based on this assessment, management believes that, as of December 31, 2017, the Corporation’s internal control over financial reporting met the criteria. There were no changes in the Corporation’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the Corporation’s year ended December 31, 2017, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Corporation’s internal control over financial reporting. Item 9B. Other Information None. 36 PART III Our Proxy Statement will be filed with the SEC no later than March 30, 2018, in preparation for the 2018 Annual Meeting of Shareholders scheduled for April 25, 2018. As permitted in Paragraph G(3) of the General Instructions for Form 10-K, we are incorporating by reference to that statement portions of the information required by Part III as noted in Item 10 through Item 14 below. Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance The information required herein concerning Directors and Executive Officers is contained under the captions “Election of Directors” and “Directors and Executive Officers” of the Corporation’s definitive proxy statement relating to the Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be held April 25, 2018, which is incorporated herein by reference. Information required by this item concerning the Corporation’s Audit Committee is contained under the captions “Audit Committee” and “Audit Committee Report” of the Corporation’s definitive proxy statement relating to the Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be held April 25, 2018 which is incorporated herein by reference. Information required by this item concerning the Corporation’s procedures for the nomination of Directors is contained under the caption “Committees of the Board of Directors” in the Corporation’s definitive proxy statement relating to the Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be held April 25, 2018, which is incorporated herein by reference. Information required by this item concerning compliance with section 16(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, is contained under the caption “Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance” in the Corporation’s definitive proxy statement relating to the Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be held April 25, 2018, which is incorporated herein by reference. On February 17, 2004, the Corporation adopted a Code of Ethics that is applicable to the Corporation’s Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer, and other Senior Financial Officers. The Board of Directors reviews the Code of Ethics annually with the most recent review performed in February 2018. A copy of the Code of Ethics is available on the Corporation’s website at https://www.theubank.com. Item 11. Executive Compensation The information required herein concerning Directors and Executive Officers of the Corporation is contained under the caption “Compensation of Directors and Executive Officers” in the Corporation’s definitive proxy statement relating to the Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be held April 25, 2018, which is incorporated herein by reference. Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters The information required herein is contained under the caption “Voting Securities” in the Corporation’s definitive proxy statement relating to the Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be held April 25, 2018, which is incorporated herein by reference. Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence In the ordinary course of conducting its business, the Corporation, for itself or through its bank subsidiary, may engage in transactions with the directors, employees, and managers of the Corporation or of the subsidiary which may include, but not be limited to, loans. As required by and in compliance with Ohio banking law, all banking transactions with directors, employees or managers of the Corporation are conducted on the same basis and terms as would be provided to any other bank customer and do not involve more than the normal risk of collectability or present any other unfavorable features. Information required by this item concerning director independence is contained under the caption “Board of Directors Independence” in the Corporation’s definitive proxy statement relating to the Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be held April 25, 2018, which is incorporated herein by reference. 37 Item 14. Principal Accounting Fees and Services Information required by this item is contained under the caption “Independent Public Accountants” in the Corporation’s definitive proxy statement relating to the Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be held April 25, 2018, which is incorporated herein by reference. PART IV Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules (a)(1) Financial Statements The following consolidated financial statements (and reports thereon) are set forth on pages 17 through 62 of the Corporation’s 2017 Annual Report to Shareholders (Exhibit 13 to this Annual Report on Form 10-K) and are incorporated herein by reference: Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Consolidated Balance Sheets — December 31, 2017 and 2016 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Consolidated Statements of Income — Years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015 . . Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income — Years ended December 31, 2017, 17 18 19 2016, and 2015 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity — Years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows — Years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 24 (a)(2) Financial Statement Schedules Financial statement schedules have been omitted either because they are not applicable or because the required information is provided in the Consolidated Financial Statements, including the notes thereto. 38 (a)(3) Exhibits The following exhibits are filed with or incorporated by reference (in accordance with Item 601 of SEC Regulation S-K) in this filing: Exhibit No. 2.1 2.2 3.1 3.2 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 Stock Purchase Agreement by and among United Bancshares, Inc., Ohio State Bancshares, Inc. and Rbancshares, Inc., dated July 1, 2014 Agreement and Plan of Merger dated March 22, 2017, by and among United Bancshares, Inc., Benchmark Bancorp, Inc. and its wholly owned subsidiary, Benchmark Bank (collectively referred to as “Benchmark”) Articles of Incorporation Regulations Preferred Trust Securities, Placement and Debenture agreements Agreement – Brian D. Young Salary Continuation Agreement – Brian D. Young Salary Continuation Agreement – Heather M. Oatman 2017 Annual Report to Shareholders Subsidiaries Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) CEO’s Certification Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) CFO’s Certification Section 1350 CEO’s Certification Section 1350 CFO’s Certification Safe Harbor under The Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 XBRL Instance Document (a) 13 21 23 31.1 31.2 32.1 32.2 99 101.INS 101.SCH XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema 101.CAL XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation 101.DEF XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition 101.LAB XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label 101.PRE XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation (6) (7) (1) (1) (2) (4) (2) (5) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (1) (2) Incorporated herein by reference to the Corporation’s Definitive Proxy Statement pursuant to Section 14(a) filed March 8, 2002, SEC file reference number 333-86543. Incorporated herein by reference to the Corporation’s 2004 Form 10K/A filed August 5, 2005, SEC file reference number 333-86543. (3) Included herein. (4) Incorporated herein by reference to the Corporation’s Form 8-K filed July 20, 2006. (5) Incorporated herein by reference to the Corporation’s Form 10-K filed March 20, 2009. (6) Incorporated herein by reference to the Corporations’ s Form 8-K filed July 1, 2014 (7) Incorporated herein by reference to the Corporation’s Form 8-K filed March 22, 2017. 39 Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this Report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized. SIGNATURES UNITED BANCSHARES, INC. By: By: /s/ BRIAN D. YOUNG Brian D. Young, CEO, President /s/ DANIEL J. LUCKE Daniel J. Lucke Chief Financial Officer Date: March 2, 2018 Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated. Signatures Title Date /s/ BRIAN D. YOUNG Brian D. Young /s/ JAMES N. REYNOLDS James N. Reynolds /s/ H. EDWARD RIGEL H. Edward Rigel /s/ R. STEVEN UNVERFERTH R. Steven Unverferth /s/ ROBERT L. BENROTH Robert L. Benroth /s/ DAVID P. ROACH David P. Roach /s/ DANIEL W. SCHUTT Daniel W. Schutt Director March 2, 2018 Director March 2, 2018 Director March 2, 2018 Director March 2, 2018 Director March 2, 2018 Director March 2, 2018 Director March 2, 2018 40 Exhibit 13 Table of Contents President’s Letter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Market Price and Dividends on Common Stock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Five-Year Summary of Selected Financial Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations . . . . . Page(s) 1 2 3 5 Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Financial Statements Consolidated Balance Sheets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Consolidated Statements of Income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Directors and Officers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 19 20 21 22 24 62 Shareholders, Clients, and Employees: I am proud to report that as a direct result of the ongoing efforts of the Company’s dedicated team members in implementing our Strategic Plan, your Company experienced another prosperous year in 2017. A significant part of this year’s successes was the completion of the acquisition of Benchmark on September 8, 2017. This acquisition gave your Company a larger income-earning asset base, income accretion, and provides a larger geographic presence in Ohio’s fastest growing region. The impact of this transaction and organic growth were the primary drivers of the fourth quarter’s improved financial performance. While the Company experienced year over year organic growth, the impact of the acquisition noticeably improved profitability. For the fourth quarter of 2017 and excluding the tax expense of $1,136,000 for the deferred tax asset revaluation, your Company reported return on average assets (1.03%) and return on tangible equity (15.75%). The Company also reported net interest margin (3.98%) and a 35% increase in pre-tax income, as compared to the fourth quarter of 2016. The company also reported an increase in total assets (19%), loans (35%), deposits (20%) and net interest income (17%) during 2017, including the impact of the Benchmark acquisition. Pre-tax income, excluding acquisition costs, increased (10%) in 2017 as compared to 2016. Additionally, we continue to make investments in technology to create internal efficiencies, reduce fraud, and enhance customer tools and resources. Such efforts have yielded positive results in our customers’ use of technology-based products. We believe that effectively implementing technology will remain not only vital for attracting and retaining new customers, reducing fraud, and controlling our core operations costs, but also for providing the best possible support for our growing business footprint. Although uncertainty still remains in our markets, we continue to believe the driver of our success is, and will continue to be, our strong corporate values of respect for our shareholders, clients, colleagues, and communities. As always, we greatly appreciate your continued support and the trust you have placed in us. Respectfully, Brian D. Young President & CEO 1 UNITED BANCSHARES, INC. DESCRIPTION OF THE CORPORATION United Bancshares, Inc., an Ohio corporation (the “Corporation”), is a bank holding company registered under the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956, as amended, and is subject to regulation by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (the “Federal Reserve Board”). The Corporation was incorporated and organized in 1985. The executive offices of the Corporation are located at 105 Progressive Drive, Columbus Grove, Ohio 45830. Effective February 1, 2007, the Bank formed a wholly-owned subsidiary, UBC Investments, Inc. (“UBC”) to hold and manage its securities portfolio. The operations of UBC are located in Wilmington, Delaware. Effective, December 4, 2009, the Bank formed a wholly-owned subsidiary UBC Property, Inc. to hold and manage certain property that was acquired in lieu of foreclosure. At this time all other real estate owned property is being held at the Bank. Through its subsidiary, the Bank, the Corporation is engaged in the business of commercial banking and offers a full range of commercial banking services. The Union Bank Company is an Ohio state-chartered bank, which serves Allen, Delaware, Franklin, Hancock, Marion, Putnam, Sandusky, Van Wert and Wood Counties, with office locations in Bowling Green, Columbus Grove, Delaware, Delphos, Findlay, Gahanna, Gibsonburg, Kalida, Leipsic, Lima, Marion, Ottawa, Pemberville, and Westerville Ohio. MARKET PRICE AND DIVIDENDS ON COMMON STOCK United Bancshares, Inc. has traded its common stock on the Nasdaq Markets Exchange under the symbol “UBOH” since March 2001. As of December 31, 2017, the common stock was held by 1,164 shareholders of record. Below are the trading highs and lows for the periods noted. Year 2017 High Low First Quarter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Second Quarter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Third Quarter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fourth Quarter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $23.78 $23.50 $23.00 $23.00 $19.45 $20.50 $21.10 $21.61 Year 2016 High Low First Quarter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Second Quarter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Third Quarter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fourth Quarter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $19.73 $21.66 $21.44 $22.60 $16.00 $17.18 $17.48 $18.41 Dividends declared by United Bancshares, Inc. on its common stock during the past two years were as follows: First Quarter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Second Quarter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Third Quarter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fourth Quarter $0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 $0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $0.48 $0.44 2017 2016 AVAILABILITY OF MORE INFORMATION To obtain a copy, without charge, of the United Bancshares, Inc.’s annual report (Form 10-K) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, please write to: Heather Oatman, Secretary United Bancshares, Inc. 105 Progressive Drive Columbus Grove, Ohio 45830 800-837-8111 2 UNITED BANCSHARES, INC. FIVE YEAR SUMMARY OF SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA Statements of income: Total interest income . . . . . . . . . . . Total interest expense . . . . . . . . . . . Net interest income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Provision (credit) for loan losses Net interest income after provision for loan losses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total non-interest income . . . . . . . . Total non-interest expenses . . . . . . . Income before federal income taxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Federal income taxes . . . . . . . . . . . Net income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Per share of common stock: Net income – basic . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dividends . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Book value . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Average shares outstanding – basic . . . Average shares outstanding – diluted . . Year end balances: 2017 25,772 3,118 22,654 (350) 23,004 6,174 22,453 6,725 2,879 3,846 1.18 0.48 23.17 3,267,305 3,272,310 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ Years ended December 31, 2015 (Dollars in thousands, except per share data) 2014 2016 21,627 2,231 19,396 (750) 20,146 4,903 17,784 7,265 1,744 5,521 1.68 0.44 22.21 3,289,497 3,289,497 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 22,836 2,077 20,759 382 20,377 4,637 17,692 7,322 1,405 5,917 1.77 0.36 21.62 3,309,339 3,309,339 19,620 2,668 16,952 (430) 17,382 4,387 16,375 5,394 1,083 4,311 1.27 0.35 20.12 3,406,194 3,406,194 2013 19,854 3,250 16,604 (833) 17,437 4,468 16,024 5,881 1,240 4,641 1.35 0.20 18.31 3,446,662 3,446,662 $ $ $ $ Loans(1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Securities(2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Deposits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Shareholders’ equity . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 508,796 174,730 780,450 630,548 75,704 $ 377,596 195,035 633,119 524,680 72,558 $ 354,597 187,759 608,665 518,419 71,561 $ 361,167 211,291 650,200 565,445 67,772 $ 295,737 201,974 556,235 468,000 63,008 Average balances: Loans(1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Securities(2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Deposits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Shareholders’ equity . . . . . . . . . . . . Selected ratios: Net yield on average interest earning assets(3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Return on average assets . . . . . . . . . Return on average shareholders’ 421,564 189,815 683,164 565,710 75,597 361,437 191,813 614,688 519,102 74,067 358,368 207,738 628,753 531,359 69,981 310,237 201,447 589,710 498,224 64,869 299,379 192,578 561,757 462,368 63,364 3.80% 0.56% 3.59% 0.90% 3.75% 0.94% 3.28% 0.73% 3.38% 0.83% equity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.09% 7.45% 8.46% 6.65% 7.33% Net loan charge-offs (recoveries) as a percentage of average outstanding net loans . . . . . . . . . Allowance for loan losses as a percentage of year end loans . . . Shareholders’ equity as a percentage 0.04% -0.07% 0.11% -0.08% 0.69% 0.56% 0.89% 1.09% 1.06% 1.36% of total assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.70% 11.46% 11.76% 10.42% 11.33% Notes: (1) Includes loans held for sale. 3 (2) Includes Restricted Bank Stock. (3) Net yield on average interest-earning assets was computed on a tax-equivalent basis. (4) Financial data for 2014 and subsequent years includes the impact of The Ohio State Bank acquisition. (5) Financial data for 2017 includes the impact of the Benchmark Bancorp acquisition. Forward-looking Statements This report includes certain forward-looking statements by the Corporation relating to such matters as anticipated operating results, prospects for new lines of business, technological developments, economic trends (including interest rates), and similar matters. Statements that do not describe historical or current facts, including statements about beliefs and expectations, are forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements may be identified by words such as expect, anticipate, believe, intend, estimate, plan, target, goal, or similar expressions, or future or conditional verbs such as will, may, might, should, would, could, or similar variations. The Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 provides a safe harbor for forward-looking statements, and the purpose of this paragraph is to secure the use of the safe harbor provisions. While the Corporation believes that the assumptions underlying the forward looking statements contained herein and in other public documents are reasonable, any of the assumptions could prove to be inaccurate, and accordingly, actual results and experience could differ materially from the anticipated results or other expectations expressed by the Corporation in its forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause actual results or experience to differ from results discussed in the forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to: economic conditions, volatility and direction of market interest rates, governmental legislation and regulation, material unforeseen changes in the financial condition or results of operations of the Corporation’s customers, customer reaction to and unforeseen complications with respect to the integration of acquisition, product design initiative, and other risks identified, from time-to-time in the Corporation’s other public documents on file with the Securities and Exchange Commission. The following discussion provides additional information relating to the financial condition and results of operations of United Bancshares, Inc. Results for 2017 were affected by the completion of the acquisition of Benchmark Bancorp, Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiary, Benchmark Bank (“Benchmark”) on September 8, 2017. This section should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and the supplemental data contained elsewhere in the Annual Report on Form 10-K. 4 MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS Overview United Bancshares, Inc. (the “Corporation”) is a one-bank holding company that conducts business through its wholly-owned subsidiary, The Union Bank Company (the “Bank”). The Bank is an Ohio state-chartered commercial bank that provides financial services to communities based in northwest Ohio and central Ohio, where it operates seventeen full-service branches. As a commercial bank, the Bank concentrates its efforts on serving the financial needs of the businesses in and around the counties it serves. The Bank also provides financing to customers seeking to purchase or build their own homes. The Bank provides deposit, treasury management, wealth management, and other traditional banking products through its full-service branch office network and its electronic banking services. Financial Condition Consolidated assets for the Corporation and the Bank totaled $780.5 million at December 31, 2017, compared to $633.1 million at December 31, 2016, representing an increase of $147.4 million or 23.3%, which reflects the impact of the Benchmark acquisition, completed on September 8, 2017. The fair value of assets acquired in the transaction was $129.0 million. Excluding the impact of the transaction, total assets increased $18.4 million, with loans increasing $32.0 million, net premises and equipment increasing $3.4 million, and available-for-sale securities decreasing $20.8 million. Deposits during the same period increased $10.4 million, excluding the impact of deposits assumed in the Benchmark acquisition. The decrease in securities was largely due to sales and maturities of securities during the year ended December 31, 2017, including the $2.2 million redemption of the Corporation’s only level 3 available-for-sale security. Cash flow from the securities sales and maturities was used to fund loan growth and the Benchmark acquisition. The increase in premises and equipment includes the impact of the Corporation’s new operations center located in Columbus Grove, which was completed in May 2017. Other borrowings increased $38.4 million during this same period, including a $10.0 million term loan which was used to partially fund the Benchmark transaction, as well as $28.4 million of Federal Home Loan Bank borrowings, which were used to provide the liquidity needed to complete the Benchmark transaction, as well as for the aforementioned loan growth. Loans and Leases At December 31, 2017, total loans and leases, including loans and leases held for sale, amounted to $508.8 million compared to $377.6 million at December 31, 2016, an increase of $131.2 million (34.7%). This increase includes the fair value of loans acquired in the Benchmark acquisition of $98.8 million. The following categories within the loan and lease portfolio represent the majority of the change during 2017: residential real estate increased $31.3 million (34.6%), commercial loans increased $93.9 million (38.5%), agriculture loans increased $5.4 million (13.8%), and consumer loans increased $0.7 million (16.2%). Securities Management monitors the earnings performance and liquidity of the securities portfolio on a regular basis through Asset/Liability Committee (ALCO) meetings. As a result, all securities, except Federal Home Loan Bank of Cincinnati (FHLB) stock, have been designated as available-for-sale and may be sold if needed for liquidity, asset-liability management or other reasons. Such securities are reported at fair value, with any net unrealized gains or losses reported as a separate component of shareholders’ equity, net of related income taxes. Securities, including FHLB stock, totaled $174.7 million at December 31, 2017 compared to $195.0 million at December 31, 2016, a decrease of $20.3 million (10.4%). The amortized cost of the securities portfolio decreased $21.9 million in 2017, and the Corporation experienced a reduction in net unrealized losses on securities of $1.1 million during 2017. 5 The Corporation is required to maintain a certain level of FHLB stock based on outstanding borrowings from the FHLB. FHLB stock is considered a restricted security which is carried at cost and evaluated periodically for impairment. The FHLB stock balance increased $472,000 during 2017 as a result of additional FHLB stock acquired through the Benchmark acquisition. At December 31, 2017, the Corporation’s investment securities portfolio included $68.0 million in U.S. states and political subdivisions securities, which is 10.2% lower than shareholders’ equity as of that date. The largest exposure to any one state is $13.1 million, or 19%, issued within the state of Wisconsin. The Corporation’s procedures for evaluating investments in securities issued by states, municipalities and political subdivisions are in accordance with guidance issued by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, “Investing in Securities without Reliance on Nationally Recognized Statistical Rating Agencies” (SR 12-15) and other regulatory guidance. Credit ratings are considered in our analysis only as a guide to the historical default rate associated with similarly-rated bonds. There have been no significant differences in our internal analyses compared with the ratings assigned by the third-party credit rating agencies. At December 31, 2017 net unrealized losses on available-for-sale securities amounted to $188,000 while at December 31, 2016, net unrealized losses on available-for-sale securities amounted to $1.3 million. At December 31, 2017, the Corporation held 102 securities which were in a loss position with the fair value and gross unrealized losses of such securities amounting to $92.3 million and $1.5 million, respectively. Management has considered the current interest rate environment, typical volatilities in the bond market, and the Corporation’s liquidity needs in the near term in concluding that the impairment on these securities is temporary. Other Assets The total cost of the Benchmark transaction was $30.8 million and resulted in additional goodwill of $15.1 million, as well as a core deposit intangible asset of $493,000. During 2017, other real estate owned (OREO) decreased $419,000 to $159,000 at December 31, 2017, compared to $578,000 at December 31, 2016. During 2017, $241,000 was transferred from loans to OREO. Throughout 2017, the Corporation evaluated its OREO portfolio and sold properties generating proceeds of $823,000 resulting in net OREO gains of $22,000. Deposits Total deposits at December 31, 2017 amounted to $630.5 million, an increase of $105.9 million (20.2%) compared with total deposits of $524.7 million at December 31, 2016. The increase in deposits includes a $98.2 million increase in interest bearing deposits and a $7.7 million increase in non-interest bearing deposits. Other Borrowings In addition to customer deposits, the Corporation also utilizes other borrowings as an alternative source of funding, as necessary, to support asset growth and periodic deposit shrinkage. Other borrowings, consisting of FHLB advances, amounted to $47.1 million at December 31, 2017 and $18.8 million at December 31, 2016. Other borrowings at December 31, 2017 also includes the $10.0 million term loan used to facilitate the Benchmark transaction. Results of Operation — 2017 Compared to 2016 Performance Summary Consolidated net income for the Corporation was $3.8 million in 2017 compared to $5.5 million in 2016 and $5.9 million in 2015. Net income in 2017, as compared to 2016 was unfavorably impacted by increases of $4.7 million (26.3%) in non-interest expenses and $1.1 million (65.1%) in the provision for income taxes, offset by increases in net interest income of $3.3 million (15.1%) and non-interest expenses of $1.3 million (25.9%). The significant increase in non-interest expenses included $1.2 million relating to acquisition costs incurred 6 in connection with the Benchmark transaction. The increase in net interest income was attributable to organic loan growth, increased yield on interest-earning assets, and Benchmark operations subsequent to the merger somewhat offset by an increase in interest expense due to increase in interest-bearing deposits resulting from the Benchmark acquisition coupled with an increase in deposit interest rates. The increase in non-interest income was also largely attributable to the Benchmark operations subsequent to the transaction. The increase in the provision for income taxes was attributable to the income tax reform signed into law in December 2017. The Corporation’s return on average assets was .56% in 2017, compared to .90% in 2016, and .94% in 2015. The Corporation’s return on average shareholders’ equity was 5.09% in 2017, 7.45% in 2016, and 8.46% in 2015. Basic net income per share was $1.18 per share in 2017, a decrease of $0.50 per share from $1.68 in 2016. Basic net income per share of $1.68 in 2016 represented a decrease of $0.09 per share from $1.77 in 2015. Changes in these amounts from year to year were generally reflective of changes in the level of net income. Net Interest Income Net interest income, which represents the revenue generated from interest-earning assets in excess of the interest cost of funding those assets, is the Corporation’s principal source of income. Net interest income is influenced by market interest rate conditions and the volume and mix of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities. Many external factors affect net interest income and typically include the strength of client loan demand, client preference for individual deposit account products, competitors’ loan and deposit product offerings, the national and local economic climates, and Federal Reserve monetary policy. Net interest income for 2017 was $22.7 million, an increase of $3.3 million (16.8%) from 2016. The increase in net interest income was primarily due to an increase in loan interest income. The net interest yield on average interest-earning assets, on a tax-equivalent basis, increased in 2017 to 4.31% from 3.98% in 2016. A majority of this increase was a result of the average yield on loans for 2017 increasing to 5.05% compared to 4.83% in 2016 coupled with loans comprising 68.2% of interest-earning assets in 2017 compared to 64.0% in 2016. Additionally, the average rate on interest-bearing liabilities increased to 0.62% in 2017 from 0.50% in 2016. The $3.3 million increase in net interest income included a $2.5 million volume increase and an $800,000 rate increase which is indicative of the growth in the interest-earning asset base from both organic loan growth, as well as the Benchmark transaction, as well as the aforementioned increase in market interest rates. Provision for Loan and Lease Losses and the Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses The Corporation’s loan policy provides guidelines for managing both credit risk and asset quality. The policy details acceptable lending practices, establishes loan-grading classifications, and prescribes the use of a loan review process. The Corporation has a credit administration department that performs regular credit file reviews which facilitate the timely identification of problem or potential problem credits, ensure sound credit decisions, and assist in the determination of the allowance for loan losses. The Corporation also engages an outside credit review firm to supplement the credit analysis function and to provide an independent assessment of the loan review process. The loan policy, loan review process, and credit analysis function facilitate management’s evaluation of the credit risk inherent in the lending function. As mentioned, ongoing reviews are performed to identify potential problem and nonperforming loans and also provide in-depth analysis with respect to the quarterly allowance for loan losses calculation. Part of this analysis involves assessing the need for specific reserves relative to impaired loans. This evaluation typically includes a review of the recent performance history of the credit, a comparison of the estimated collateral value in relation to the outstanding loan balance, the overall financial strength of the borrower, industry risks pertinent to the borrower, and competitive trends that may influence the borrower’s future financial performance. Loans are considered to be impaired when, based upon the most current information available, it appears probable that the borrower will not be able to make payments according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Impaired loans are recorded at the observable market price of 7 the loan, the fair value of the underlying collateral (if the loan is collateral dependent), or the present value of the expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate. Given that the Corporation’s impaired loans are typically collateralized by real estate or other borrower assets, the fair value of individual impaired loans is most often based upon the underlying collateral value net of estimated selling costs. Large groups of smaller balance homogenous loans are collectively evaluated for impairment. To determine the allowance for loan and lease losses, the Corporation prepares a detailed analysis that focuses on delinquency trends, the status of nonperforming loans (i.e., impaired, nonaccrual, restructured, and past due 90 days or more), current and historical trends of charged-off loans within each loan category (i.e., commercial, real estate, and consumer), existing local and national economic conditions, and changes within the volume and mix in each loan category. Higher loss rates are applied in calculating the allowance for loan losses relating to potential problem loans. Loss rates are periodically evaluated considering historic loss rates in the respective potential problem loan categories (i.e., special mention, substandard, doubtful) and current trends. Regular provisions are made in amounts sufficient to maintain the balance in the allowance for loan losses at a level considered by management to be adequate for losses within the portfolio. Even though management uses all available information to assess possible loan losses, future additions or reductions to the allowance may be required as changes occur in economic conditions and specific borrower circumstances. The regulatory agencies that periodically review the Corporation’s allowance for loan and lease losses may also require additions to the allowance or the charge-off of specific loans based upon the information available to them at the time of their examinations. The allowance for loan and lease losses at December 31, 2017 was $2.8 million, or 0.56% of total loans, compared to $3.3 million, or 0.89% of total loans at December 31, 2016. The change in the allowance for loan and lease losses during 2017 included a $350,000 credit for loan losses and loan charge offs, net of recoveries of $160,000. The provision or credit for loan and lease losses is determined by management after considering the amount of net losses incurred as well as management’s estimation of losses inherent in the portfolio based on an evaluation of loan portfolio risk and current economic factors. Favorable settlements of impaired or potential problem loans can also result in a reduction in the required allowance for loan and lease losses and a negative provision, or credit, being reflected in current operations. The credit for loan and lease losses of $350,000 in 2017 compares to a credit of $750,000 in 2016. There were no impaired loans at December 31, 2017 compared to $2.9 million of impaired loans at December 31, 2016. Impaired loans at December 31, 2016 included $2.9 million in loans with specific reserves of $1.0 million (no impaired loans without any specific reserves) included in the Corporation’s allowance for loan and lease losses at December 31, 2016. In addition to impaired loans, the Corporation had other potential problem credits of $8.0 million at December 31, 2017 compared to $9.7 million at December 31, 2016, a decrease of $1.7 million (17.5%). The Corporation’s credit administration department continues to closely monitor these credits. Non-Interest Income Total non-interest income increased $1.3 million (25.9%) to $6.2 million in 2017 from $4.9 million in 2016, which was attributable to increases in gain on sale of loans of $1.2 million and other operating income of $207,000, offset by the impact of the change in gain (loss) on sale of securities of $160,000. Significant recurring components of non-interest income include service charges on deposit accounts, secondary market lending activities, and increases in the cash surrender value of life insurance. Service charges on deposit accounts increased $30,000 (1.8%) to $1.7 million in 2017 compared to $1.68 million in 2016. The Corporation has elected to sell in the secondary market substantially all fixed rate residential real estate loans originated, and typically retains the servicing rights relating to such loans. During 2017, gain on sale of loans was $1.8 million, including $183,000 of capitalized servicing rights. Gain on sale of loans was 8 $618,000 in 2016, including $273,000 of capitalized servicing rights. A significant contributing factor to the increase in gain on sale of loans was the Benchmark acquisition which included the addition of their Loan One program. The Corporation’s serviced portfolio increased $2.5 million during 2017 to $174.7 million at December 31, 2017. The Corporation reports its mortgage servicing rights using the fair value measurement method. As a result, the Corporation recognized a $31,000 decrease in the fair value of mortgage servicing rights during 2017, compared to a $12,000 decrease in the fair value of mortgage servicing rights in 2016. Prepayment assumptions are a key valuation input used in determining the fair value of mortgage servicing rights. While prepayment assumptions are constantly subject to change, such changes typically occur within a relatively small parameter from period to period. The prepayment assumptions used in determining the fair value of servicing are based on the Public Securities Association (PSA) Standard Prepayment Model. At December 31, 2017 the PSA factor was 159 compared to 148 at December 31, 2016. Other operating income increased $191,000 (9.3%) to $2.3 million in 2017 from $2.1 million in 2016. The increase in non-interest income for the year ended December 31, 2017 was primarily attributable to a $96,000 increase in service fees on loans sold and a $49,000 increase in debit card fee income. Non-Interest Expenses Total non-interest expenses amounted to $22.5 million in 2017, compared to $17.8 million in 2016, an increase of $4.7 million (26.3%). The increase in non-interest expenses for the year ended December 31, 2017, excluding the aforementioned impact of the Benchmark acquisition costs, was primarily attributable to increases in salary and benefits, premises and equipment, data processing and advertising and promotion expenses. The significant components of other operating expenses are summarized in Note 11 to the consolidated financial statements. Provision for Income Taxes The provision for income taxes for 2017 was $2.9 million an effective tax rate of 42.8%, compared to $1.7 million in 2016, an effective rate of 24.0%. The increase in the effective tax rate in 2017 as compared to 2016 resulted from a one-time $1,136,000 tax provision recognized in 2017 due to the tax reform signed into law by President Trump on December 22, 2017 and more fully described in Note 12 to the consolidated financial statements. As a result of this tax law change, the Corporation’s effective tax rate was reduced from the federal statutory rate of 34% to 21% resulting in a reduction of deferred tax assets. At December 31, 2017, the Corporation has available alternative minimum tax credits of $847,000, substantially all of which are expected to be recovered by 2022 through either reduction of the regular tax liability or refund. 9 Results of Operation — 2016 Compared to 2015 Performance Summary Consolidated net income for the Corporation and the Bank was $5.5 million in 2016 compared to $5.9 million in 2015. Net income in 2016 as compared to 2015 was unfavorably impacted by a decrease in net interest income of $1,363,000, an increase in non-interest expenses of $92,000 and an increase in income taxes of $339,000, offset by an increase in non-interest income of $266,000, as well as a credit for loan losses of $750,000 in 2016 compared to a $382,000 provision in 2015. The change in the provision (credit) for loan losses is more fully explained in the “Provision for Loan Losses and the Allowance for Loan Losses” section. The Corporation’s return on average assets was .90% in 2016, compared to .94% in 2015. The Corporation’s return on average shareholders’ equity was 7.45% in 2016 and 8.46% in 2015. Basic net income per share was $1.68 per share in 2016, a decrease of $0.09 per share from $1.77 in 2015. The change in this amounts from year to year was generally reflective of changes in the level of net income. Net Interest Income Net interest income for 2016 was $19.4 million, a decrease of $1,363,000 (6.6%) from 2015. The decrease in net interest income was primarily due to a decrease in the net interest margin. The net interest yield on average interest-earning assets, on a tax-equivalent basis, decreased in 2016 to 3.98% from 4.11% in 2015. A majority of this decrease was a result of the average yield on loans for 2016 decreasing to 4.83% compared to 5.11% in 2015 as a result of a significant reduction in loan discount accretion from the 2014 OSB acquisition. Additionally, the average rate on interest-bearing liabilities increased to 0.50% in 2016 from 0.45% in 2015. Provision for Loan and Lease Losses and the Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses The allowance for loan and lease losses at December 31, 2016 was $3.3 million, or 0.89% of total loans, compared to $3.8 million, or 1.08% of total loans at December 31, 2015. The change in the allowance for loan losses during 2016 included a $750,000 credit for loan losses and loan recoveries, net of charge offs, of $261,000. The provision or credit for loan and lease losses is determined by management after considering the amount of net losses incurred as well as management’s estimation of losses inherent in the portfolio based on an evaluation of loan portfolio risk and current economic factors. The credit for loan losses of $750,000 in 2016 compares to a provision of $382,000 in 2015. Impaired loans, principally consisting of commercial and commercial real estate credits, amounted to $2.9 million at December 31, 2016 compared to $6.0 million at December 31, 2015, a decrease of $3.1 million. Impaired loans at December 31, 2016 included $2.9 million in loans with specific reserves of $1.0 million (no impaired loans without any specific reserves) included in the Corporation’s allowance for loan losses at December 31, 2016. Impaired loans at December 31, 2015 included $6.0 million in loans with specific reserves of $1.4 million (no impaired loans without any specific reserves) included in the Corporation’s allowance for loan and lease losses at December 31, 2015. In addition to impaired loans, the Corporation had other potential problem credits of $9.7 million at December 31, 2016 compared to $15.0 million at December 31, 2015, a decrease of $5.3 million (35.5%). The Corporation’s credit administration department continues to closely monitor these credits. Non-Interest Income Total non-interest income increased $266,000 (5.7%) to $4.9 million in 2016 from $4.6 million in 2015. With the exception of net securities gains, most of the components of non-interest income are recurring, although certain components are more susceptible to change than others. Net securities gains increased in 2016 to $158,000 compared to $116,000 in 2015. 10 Significant recurring components of non-interest income include service charges on deposit accounts, secondary market lending activities, and increases in the cash surrender value of life insurance. Service charges on deposit accounts increased $166,000 (11.0%) to $1,681,000 in 2016 compared to $1,515,000 in 2015. During 2016, gain on sale of loans was $618,000, including $273,000 of capitalized servicing rights. Gain on sale of loans was $586,000 in 2015, including $252,000 of capitalized servicing rights. The increase in gain on sale of loans occurred despite a slight decrease in loan demand during 2016 with loan sales in 2016 amounting to $27.4 million compared to $28.4 million in 2015. The Corporation’s serviced portfolio decreased $1.3 million during 2016 to $172.2 million at December 31, 2016. The Corporation recognized a $12,000 decrease in the fair value of mortgage servicing rights during 2016, compared to a $263,000 increase in the fair value of mortgage servicing rights in 2015. At December 31, 2016 the PSA factor was 148 compared to 170 at December 31, 2015. Other operating income increased $335,000 (19.4%) to $2.1 million in 2016 from $1.7 million in 2015. The increase in non-interest income for the year ended December 31, 2016 was primarily attributable to a $353,000 increase in service fees on loans sold and a $44,000 increase in debit card fee income offset by losses on sale of OREO. Non-Interest Expenses Total non-interest expenses amounted to $17,784,000 in 2016, compared to $17,692,000 in 2015, an increase of $92,000 (0.5%). The increase in non-interest expenses for the year ended December 31, 2016 was primarily attributed to increases in salary & benefits expense, premises and equipment expense, advertising & promotion, media, loan closing fees, ATM processing fees, and IT expense offset by decreases in data processing expense, FDIC Assessment, consultant fees, Ohio financial institutions and franchise taxes, other real estate owned expense and asset management legal expense. The significant components of other operating expenses are summarized in Note 11 to the consolidated financial statements. Provision for Income Taxes The provision for income taxes for 2016 was $1,744,000, an effective tax rate of 24.0%, compared to $1,405,000 in 2015, an effective rate of 19.2%. The increase in the effective tax rate in 2016 as compared to 2015 resulted from a one-time $332,000 tax benefit recognized in 2015 due to a tax law change. The Corporation’s effective tax rate was reduced from the federal statutory rate of 34% as a result of tax-exempt securities and loan interest income (7.7%) and life insurance contracts (1.8%). At December 31, 2016, the Corporation had available alternative minimum tax credits of $627,000 as well as federal income tax loss carryforwards, with a recognized tax benefit of $2.1 million resulting from the 2014 OSB acquisition, as more fully described in Note 12 to the consolidated financial statements. Liquidity Liquidity relates primarily to the Corporation’s ability to fund loan demand, meet the withdrawal requirements of deposit customers, and provide for operating expenses. Assets used to satisfy these needs consist of cash and due from banks, federal funds sold, securities available-for-sale, and loans held for sale. A large portion of liquidity is provided by the ability to sell or pledge securities. Accordingly, the Corporation has designated all securities other than FHLB stock as available-for-sale. A secondary source of liquidity is provided by various lines of credit facilities available through correspondent banks and the Federal Reserve. Another source of liquidity is represented by loans that are available to be sold. Certain other loans within the Corporation’s loan and lease portfolio are also available to collateralize borrowings. The consolidated statements of cash flows for the years presented provide an indication of the Corporation’s sources and uses of cash as well as an indication of the ability of the Corporation to maintain an adequate level of liquidity. A discussion of cash flows for 2017, 2016, and 2015 follows. The Corporation generated cash from operating activities of $5.9 million in 2017, $6.6 million in 2016, and $6.9 million in 2015. 11 Net cash flows provided by (used in) investing activities amounted to $(39.9) million in 2017, $(35.9) million in 2016, and $30.7 million in 2015. Significant investing cash flow activities in 2017 included $21.1 million of net cash inflows resulting from securities purchases, net of proceeds received from sales and maturities, $34.3 million of net cash outflow resulting from an increase in loans, and a $24.7 million cash outflow for the acquisition of Benchmark. Significant investing cash flow activities in 2016 included $11.4 million of net cash outflows resulting from securities purchases, net of proceeds received from sales and maturities as well as a $23.0 million increase in loans. Significant investing cash flow activities in 2015 included $22.7 million of net cash inflows resulting from securities purchases, net of proceeds received from sales and maturities. Significant investing cash outflow activities in 2015 included a $7.3 million decrease in loans. Net cash flows provided by (used in) financing activities amounted to $47.1 million in 2017, $20.5 million in 2016, and $(47.1) million in 2015. Net cash provided by financing activities in 2017 primarily resulted from an increase in other borrowings of $38.4 million and deposits of $10.4 million, offset by $1,569,000 in cash dividends paid. Net cash provided by financing activities in 2016 primarily resulted from an increase in other borrowings of $16.7 million and a $6.3 million increase in deposits, offset by $833,000 of treasury stock purchases and $1,446,000 million in cash dividends paid. Net cash used in financing activities in 2015 primarily resulted from a decrease in deposits of $47.0 million, $927,000 of treasury stock purchases, and a $1.2 million in cash dividends paid. Net cash provided by financing activities included an increase of $2.1 million in borrowings from the FHLB. Asset Liability Management Closely related to liquidity management is the management of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities. The Corporation manages its rate sensitivity position to avoid wide swings in net interest margins and to minimize risk due to changes in interest rates. The difference between a financial institution’s interest rate sensitive assets (assets that will mature or reprice within a specific time period) and interest rate sensitive liabilities (liabilities that will mature or reprice within the same time period) is commonly referred to as its “interest rate sensitivity gap” or, simply, its “gap”. An institution having more interest rate sensitive assets than interest rate sensitive liabilities within a given time interval is said to have a “positive gap”. This generally means that, when interest rates increase, an institution’s net interest income will increase and, when interest rates decrease, the institution’s net interest income will decrease. An institution having more interest rate sensitive liabilities than interest rate sensitive assets within a given time interval is said to have a “negative gap”. This generally means that, when interest rates increase, the institution’s net interest income will decrease and, when interest rates decrease, the institution’s net interest income will increase. The Corporation’s one year cumulative gap (ratio of risk-sensitive assets to risk-sensitive liabilities) at December 31, 2017 is approximately 84% which means the Corporation has more liabilities than assets re-pricing within one year. Under the current low interest rate environment, the Corporation’s liabilities do not have the ability to reprice down the full 100 bps which is why the margin decreases in a 100 bps down shock scenario. Effects of Inflation The assets and liabilities of the Corporation are primarily monetary in nature and are more directly affected by fluctuations in interest rates than inflation. Movement in interest rates is a result of the perceived changes in inflation as well as monetary and fiscal policies. Interest rates and inflation do not necessarily move with the same velocity or within the same period; therefore, a direct relationship to the inflation rate cannot be shown. The financial information presented in the Corporation’s consolidated financial statements has been presented in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States, which require that the Corporation measure financial position and operating results primarily in terms of historical dollars. 12 Significant Accounting Policies The Corporation’s consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America and follow general practices within the commercial banking industry. Application of these principles requires management to make estimates, assumptions, and judgments that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements. These estimates, assumptions, and judgments are based upon the information available as of the date of the financial statements. The Corporation’s most significant accounting policies are presented in Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements. These policies, along with other disclosures presented in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements and Management’s Discussion and Analysis, provide information about how significant assets and liabilities are valued in the financial statements and how those values are determined. Management has identified the determination of the allowance for loan losses, valuation of goodwill and mortgage servicing rights, and fair value of securities and other financial instruments as the areas that require the most subjective and complex estimates, assumptions and judgments and, as such, could be the most subjective to revision as new information becomes available. As previously noted, a detailed analysis to assess the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses is performed. This analysis encompasses a variety of factors including the potential loss exposure for individually reviewed loans, the historical loss experience for each loan category, the volume of non-performing loans, the volume of loans past due 30 days or more, a segmentation of each loan category by internally-assigned risk grades, an evaluation of current local and national economic conditions, any significant changes in the volume or mix of loans within each category, a review of the significant concentrations of credit, and any legal, competitive, or regulatory concerns. Management considers the valuation of goodwill from various past acquisitions through an annual impairment test which considers, among other things, the assets and equity of the Corporation as well as price multiples for sales transactions involving other local financial institutions. Management engaged an independent valuation specialist to perform a goodwill impairment evaluation as of September 30, 2017, which supported management’s assessment that no impairment adjustments to goodwill were warranted. To date, none of the goodwill evaluations have revealed the need for an impairment charge. Management does not believe that any significant conditions have changed relating to the goodwill assessment through December 31, 2017. Mortgage servicing rights are recognized when acquired through sale of mortgage loans and are reported at fair value. Changes in fair value are reported in net income for the period the changes occur. The Corporation generally estimates fair value for servicing rights based on the present value of future expected cash flows, using management’s best estimates of the key assumptions — credit losses, prepayment speeds, servicing costs, earnings rate and discount rates commensurate with the risks involved. The Corporation has engaged an independent consultant to calculate the fair value of mortgage servicing rights on a quarterly basis. Management regularly reviews the calculation, including assumptions used in making the calculation, and discusses with the consultant. Management also reconciles information used by the consultant, with respect to the Corporation’s serviced portfolio, to the Corporation’s accounting records. The Corporation reviews securities prices and fair value estimates of other financial instruments supplied by an independent pricing service, as well as their underlying pricing methodologies, for reasonableness and to ensure such prices are aligned with traditional pricing matrices. The Corporation’s securities portfolio primarily consists of U.S. Government agencies, and political subdivision obligations, and mortgage backed securities. Pricing for such instruments is typically based on models with observable inputs. From time to time, the Corporation will validate, on a sample basis, prices supplied by the independent pricing service by comparison to prices obtained from other third-party sources or derived using internal models. The Corporation also considers the reasonableness of inputs for financial instruments that are priced using unobservable inputs. Impact of Recent Accounting Pronouncements A summary of new accounting standards adopted or subject to adoption in 2017, as well as newly-issued but not effective accounting standards at December 31, 2017, is presented in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements. 13 Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements, Contractual Obligations, and Contingent Liabilities and Commitments The following table summarizes loan commitments, including letters of credit, as of December 31, 2017: Amount of commitment to expire per period Total Amount Less than 1 year 1 – 3 years 4 – 5 Years Over 5 years (in thousands) Type of Commitment Commercial lines-of-credit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 51,118 $43,745 $ 2,606 $ 144 $ 4,623 Real estate lines-of-credit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74,972 4,550 8,089 4,654 57,679 Consumer lines-of-credit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Letters of Credit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 340 623 — 623 — — — — 340 — Total commitments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $127,053 $48,918 $10,695 $4,798 $62,642 As indicated in the preceding table, the Corporation had $127.1 million in total loan commitments at December 31, 2017, with $49.0 million of that amount expiring within one year. All lines-of-credit represent either fee-paid or legally binding loan commitments for the loan categories noted. Letters-of-credit are also included in the amounts noted in the table since the Corporation requires that each letter-of-credit be supported by a loan agreement. The commercial and consumer lines represent both unsecured and secured obligations. The real estate lines are secured by mortgages in residential and nonresidential property. Many of the commercial lines are due on a demand basis, and are established for seasonal operating purposes. It is anticipated that a significant portion of these lines will expire without being drawn upon. The following table summarizes the Corporation’s contractual obligations as of December 31, 2017: Contractual obligations Long-term debt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Capital leases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Operating leases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unconditional purchase obligations . . . . . . . . . Time deposits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Deposits without stated maturities . . . . . . . . . . Future deferred compensation payments, Payments due by period Total Amount Less than 1 year 1 – 3 years 4 – 5 Years Over 5 years (in thousands) $ 69,988 — 1,181 — 170,615 459,933 $ 22,398 — 258 — 104,984 — $ 8,000 — 520 — 46,349 — $26,750 — 403 — 9,873 $ 12,840 — — — 9,409 — 459,933 including interest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,439 116 232 183 908 Total obligations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $703,156 $127,756 $55,101 $37,209 $483,090 Long-term debt presented in the preceding table consists of Federal Home Loan Bank borrowings of $47.1 million; $12.8 million of junior subordinated deferrable interest debentures, including $10.3 million issued by the Corporation and $2.5 million assumed from the November 2014 OSB acquisition; and $10.0 million borrowed in connection with the Benchmark acquisition. Time deposits and deposits without stated maturities included in the preceding table are comprised of customer deposit accounts. Management believes that they have the ability to attract and retain deposit balances by adjusting the interest rates offered. 14 Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements, Contractual Obligations, and Contingent Liabilities and Commitments — Continued The future deferred compensation payments, including interest, as noted in the preceding table, includes the Corporation’s agreement with its current Chairman of the Board of Directors to provide for retirement compensation benefits. A deferred compensation liability was also assumed with The OSB acquisition for the benefit of its retired president, with payment that began on May 1, 2010. At December 31, 2017, the net present value of future deferred compensation payments amounted to $782,000, which is included in other liabilities in the December 31, 2017 consolidated balance sheet. As indicated in the table, the Corporation had no capital lease obligations as of December 31, 2017. The Corporation also has a non-qualified deferred compensation plan covering certain directors and officers, and has provided an estimated liability of $670,000 at December 31, 2017 for supplemental retirement benefits. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk The most significant market risk to which the Corporation is exposed is interest rate risk. The business of the Corporation and the composition of its balance sheet consist of investments in interest-earning assets (primarily loans and securities), which are funded by interest bearing liabilities (deposits and borrowings). These financial instruments have varying levels of sensitivity to changes in the market rates of interest, resulting in market risk. None of the Corporation’s financial instruments are held for trading purposes. The Corporation manages interest rate risk regularly through its Asset Liability Committee. The Committee meets on a regular basis and reviews various asset and liability management information, including but not limited to, the Corporation’s liquidity positions, projected sources and uses of funds, interest rate risk positions and economic conditions. The Corporation monitors its interest rate risk through a sensitivity analysis, whereby it measures potential changes in its future earnings and the fair values of its financial instruments that may result from one or more hypothetical changes in interest rates. This analysis is performed by estimating the expected cash flows of the Corporation’s financial instruments using interest rates in effect at year-end. For the fair value estimates, the cash flows are then discounted to year-end to arrive at an estimated present value of the Corporation’s financial instruments. Hypothetical changes in interest rates are then applied to the financial instruments, and the cash flows and fair values are again estimated using these hypothetical rates. For the net interest income estimates, the hypothetical rates are applied to the financial instruments based on the assumed cash flows. The Corporation applies these interest rate “shocks” to its financial instruments up and down 100, 200 and 300 and up 400 basis points. The following table shows the Corporation’s estimated earnings sensitivity profile as of December 31, 2017: Change in Interest Rates (basis points) Percentage Change in Net Interest Income Percentage Change in Net Income +100 (100) +200 (200) +300 (300) +400 -6.7% -12.8% -13.7% -24.3% -21.0% N/A -28.6% -3.0% -5.7% -6.2% -10.7% -9.5% N/A -12.9% 15 Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk — Continued Given a linear 100bp increase in the yield curve used in the simulation model, it is estimated that net interest income for the Corporation would decrease by 3.0% and net income would decrease by 6.7%. A 100bp decrease in interest rates would decrease net interest income by 5.7% and decrease net income by 12.8%. Given a linear 200bp increase in the yield curve used in the simulation model, it is estimated that net interest income for the Corporation would decrease by 6.2% and net income would decrease by 13.7%. A 200bp decrease in interest rates would decrease net interest income by 10.7% and decrease net income by 24.3%. Given a linear 300bp increase in the yield curve used in the simulation model, it is estimated that net interest income for the Corporation would decrease by 9.5% and net income would decrease by 21.0%. A 300bp decrease in interest rates cannot be simulated at this time due to the historically low interest rate environment and a 400bp increase in interest rates would decrease net interest income by 12.9% and decrease net income by 28.6%. Management does not expect any significant adverse effect to net interest income in 2017 based on the composition of the portfolio and anticipated trends in rates. Other Information The Dodd-Frank Act, enacted in 2010, is complex and several of its provisions are still being implemented. The Dodd-Frank Act established the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, which has extensive regulatory and enforcement powers over consumer financial products and services, and the Financial Stability Oversight Council, which has oversight authority for monitoring and regulating systemic risk. In addition, the Dodd-Frank Act altered the authority and duties of the federal banking and securities regulatory agencies, implemented certain corporate governance requirements for all public companies including financial institutions with regard to executive compensation, proxy access by shareholders, and certain whistleblower provisions, and restricted certain proprietary trading and hedge fund and private equity activities of banks and their affiliates. The Dodd-Frank Act also required the issuance of numerous regulations, many of which have not yet been issued. The regulations will continue to take effect over several more years, continuing to make it difficult to anticipate the overall impact. 16 REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM Shareholders and Board of Directors United Bancshares, Inc. Columbus Grove, Ohio Opinion on the Financial Statements We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of United Bancshares, Inc. and subsidiaries (the “Corporation”) as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, and the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, shareholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2017 and the related notes and schedules (collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Corporation as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2017, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Basis for Opinion These financial statements are the responsibility of the Corporation’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Corporation’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”) and are required to be independent with respect to the Corporation in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB. We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audit included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion. CliftonLarsonAllen LLP We have served as the Corporation’s auditors since 2000. Toledo, Ohio March 2, 2018 17 UNITED BANCSHARES, INC. CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS 2017 2016 (in thousands except share data) ASSETS CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS Cash and due from banks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Interest-bearing deposits in other banks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total cash and cash equivalents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SECURITIES, available-for-sale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . FEDERAL HOME LOAN BANK STOCK, at cost . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . CERTIFICATES OF DEPOSIT, at cost . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . LOANS HELD FOR SALE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . LOANS AND LEASES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Less allowance for loan and lease losses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Net loans and leases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PREMISES AND EQUIPMENT, net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . GOODWILL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . CORE DEPOSIT INTANGIBLE ASSETS, net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . CASH SURRENDER VALUE OF LIFE INSURANCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . OTHER REAL ESTATE OWNED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . OTHER ASSETS, including accrued interest receivable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . TOTAL ASSETS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 10,718 16,556 27,274 169,428 5,302 — 2,384 506,412 2,835 503,577 19,336 25,203 1,126 17,828 159 8,833 $780,450 LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY LIABILITIES Deposits: Non-interest bearing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Interest-bearing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total deposits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other borrowings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Junior subordinated deferrable interest debentures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $105,828 524,720 630,548 57,148 12,840 4,210 704,746 $ 9,926 4,260 14,186 190,205 4,830 1,494 1,510 376,086 3,345 372,741 13,395 10,072 766 17,351 578 5,991 $633,119 $ 98,134 426,546 524,680 18,774 12,806 4,301 560,561 SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY Common stock, stated value $1.00, authorized 10,000,000 shares; issued 3,760,557 shares . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Surplus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Retained earnings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Accumulated other comprehensive loss Treasury stock, at cost, 492,914 shares at December 31, 2017 and 494,040 3,761 14,783 64,994 (124) 3,761 14,674 62,717 (866) shares at December 31, 2016 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total shareholders’ equity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . TOTAL LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY . . . . . . . . . . . . (7,710) 75,704 $780,450 (7,728) 72,558 $633,119 The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements. 18 UNITED BANCSHARES, INC. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME Years Ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 Year Ended December 31, 2017 2016 2015 (in thousands except share data) INTEREST INCOME Loans and leases, including fees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $21,305 $17,457 $18,323 Securities: Taxable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tax-exempt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,403 1,682 382 2,202 1,636 332 2,549 1,686 278 Total interest income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25,772 21,627 22,836 INTEREST EXPENSE Deposits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Borrowings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total interest expense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Net interest income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PROVISION (CREDIT) FOR LOAN AND LEASE LOSSES . . . . Net interest income after provision (credit) for loan and lease 2,125 993 3,118 22,654 (350) 1,687 544 2,231 19,396 (750) 1,579 498 2,077 20,759 382 losses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23,004 20,146 20,377 NON-INTEREST INCOME Service charges on deposit accounts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gain on sale of loans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Net securities gains (losses) Change in fair value of mortgage servicing rights . . . . . . . . . . . . Increase in cash surrender value of life insurance . . . . . . . . . . . . Other operating income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total non-interest income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NON-INTEREST EXPENSES Salaries, wages and employee benefits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Occupancy expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other operating expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total non-interest expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Income before income taxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PROVISION FOR INCOME TAXES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,711 1,843 (2) (31) 397 2,256 6,174 12,038 2,917 7,498 22,453 6,725 2,879 1,681 618 158 (12) 393 2,065 4,903 9,622 2,224 5,938 17,784 7,265 1,744 NET INCOME . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 3,846 $ 5,521 NET INCOME PER SHARE (basic and diluted) . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 1.18 $ 1.68 1,515 586 116 263 427 1,730 4,637 9,290 2,134 6,268 17,692 7,322 1,405 $ 5,917 $ 1.77 The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements. 19 UNITED BANCSHARES, INC. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME Years Ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 Year Ended December 31, 2017 2016 2015 (in thousands) NET INCOME . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $3,846 $ 5,521 $5,917 OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) Unrealized gains (losses) on securities: Unrealized holding gains (losses) during period . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,122 (3,271) 93 Reclassification adjustments for losses (gains) included in net income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Other comprehensive income (loss), before income taxes . . . . . . . 1,124 Income tax expense (benefit) related to items of other comprehensive income (loss) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other comprehensive income (loss) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 382 742 (158) (3,429) (1,166) (2,263) (116) (23) (8) (15) COMPREHENSIVE INCOME . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $4,588 $ 3,258 $5,902 The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements. 20 UNITED BANCSHARES, INC. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY Years Ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 Common stock Surplus Retained earnings Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) Treasury stock Total (in thousands) BALANCE AT DECEMBER 31, 2014 . . . . $3,761 $14,666 $53,925 $ 1,412 $(5,992) $67,772 Comprehensive income: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Net income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other comprehensive loss . . . . . . . . . . . Repurchase of 59,111 shares . . . . . . . . . . . Sale of 715 treasury shares . . . . . . . . . . . . Cash dividends declared, $0.36 per share . . . BALANCE AT DECEMBER 31, 2015 . . . . Comprehensive income: Net income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other comprehensive loss Repurchase of 43,665 shares . . . . . . . . . . . Sale of 843 treasury shares . . . . . . . . . . . . Cash dividends declared, $0.44 per share . . . BALANCE AT DECEMBER 31, 2016 . . . . Comprehensive income: Net income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other comprehensive income . . . . . . . . . Sale of 1,126 treasury shares . . . . . . . . . . . Stock option expense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cash dividends declared, $0.48 per share . . . — — — — — — — — 3 5,917 — — — — (1,200) — (15) — — — — 5,917 (15) (927) 14 — — (927) 11 — (1,200) 3,761 14,669 58,642 1,397 (6,908) 71,561 — — — — — — 5,521 — — — — 5 — — (1,446) — (2,263) — — — — 5,521 — (2,263) (833) (833) 13 18 — (1,446) 3,761 14,674 62,717 (866) (7,728) 72,558 — — — — — — — 9 100 3,846 — — — — (1,569) — 742 — — — 3,846 742 — 27 18 100 — (1,569) BALANCE AT DECEMBER 31, 2017 . . . . $3,761 $14,783 $64,994 $ (124) $(7,710) $75,704 The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements. 21 UNITED BANCSHARES, INC. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS Years Ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 Years Ended December 31, 2017 2016 2015 (in thousands) CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES Net income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 3,846 $ 5,521 $ 5,917 Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: Depreciation and amortization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Purchase accounting loan discount accretion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Deferred income taxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Provision (credit) for loan losses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 938 (891) 2,660 (350) Gain on sale of loans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (1,843) Net securities losses (gains) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Change in fair value of mortgage servicing rights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Loss (gain) on sale or write-down of other real estate owned . . . . . . Increase in cash surrender value of life insurance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Net amortization of security premiums and discounts . . . . . . . . . . Stock option expense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Deferred compensation expense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Loss on disposal or write-down of premises and equipment . . . . . . . Proceeds from sale of loans held for sale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Originations of loans held for sale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (Increase) decrease in other assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Increase (decrease) in other liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 31 (22) (397) 848 100 90 — 63,495 (59,430) (519) (2,698) 909 (450) 793 (750) (618) (158) 12 38 (393) 885 — 85 176 27,714 (27,369) (354) 572 659 (1,495) 859 382 (586) (116) (263) 183 (427) 925 — 76 49 28,767 (28,433) 1,613 (1,223) Net cash provided by operating activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,860 6,613 6,887 CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES Proceeds from sales of available-for-sale securities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Proceeds from maturities of available-for-sale securities, including paydowns on mortgage-backed securities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Purchases of available-for-sale securities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Net proceeds from certificates of deposits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Proceeds from sales of premises and equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Acquisition of Benchmark Bancorp, Inc., net of cash received . . . . . . Proceeds from other real estate owned . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Net (increase) decrease in loans and leases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bank owned life insurance premium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Purchases of premises and equipment 38,087 11,558 28,437 16,591 (33,627) 1,494 — (24,660) 823 (34,311) (80) (4,182) 30,106 (53,096) 498 315 — 278 (23,009) (124) (2,399) 30,797 (36,534) 498 — — 552 7,306 — (312) Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . (39,865) (35,873) 30,744 The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements. 22 UNITED BANCSHARES, INC. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS Years Ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 — (Continued) Years Ended December 31, 2017 2016 2015 (in thousands) CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES Net increase (decrease) in deposits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 10,405 $ 6,279 $(46,914) Other borrowings: Proceeds from other borrowings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57,148 18,774 2,118 Principal payments on other borrowings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (18,774) (2,118) Purchase of treasury shares . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Proceeds from sale of treasury shares . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . — 27 Payments of deferred compensation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (144) (833) 18 (150) — (927) 14 (154) Cash dividends paid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (1,569) (1,446) (1,200) Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47,093 20,524 (47,063) NET INCREASE (DECREASE) IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,088 (8,736) (9,432) CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS At beginning of year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,186 22,922 32,355 At end of year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 27,274 $14,186 $ 22,922 SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOW DISCLOSURES Cash paid during the year for: Interest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 3,394 $ 2,195 $ 2,227 Federal income taxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 425 $ 860 $ 665 Non-cash operating activity: Change in deferred income taxes on net unrealized gain or loss on available-for-sale securities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 382 $ (1,166) $ (8) Non-cash investing activities: Transfer of loans to other real estate owned . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 241 $ 721 $ 372 Change in net unrealized gain or loss on available-for-sale securities . . . $ 1,124 $ (3,429) $ (23) The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements. 23 UNITED BANCSHARES, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTE 1 — SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES United Bancshares, Inc. (the “Corporation”) was incorporated in 1985 in the state of Ohio as a single-bank holding company for The Union Bank Company (the “Bank”). The Bank has formed a wholly-owned subsidiary, UBC Investments, Inc. (“UBC”) to hold and manage its securities portfolio. The operations of UBC are located in Wilmington, Delaware. The Bank has also formed a wholly-owned subsidiary, UBC Property, Inc. to hold and manage certain property that is acquired in lieu of foreclosure. The Corporation, through its wholly-owned subsidiary, the Bank, operates in one industry segment, the commercial banking industry. The Bank, organized in 1904 as an Ohio-chartered bank, is headquartered in Columbus Grove, Ohio, with branch offices in Bowling Green, Delaware, Delphos, Findlay, Gahanna, Gibsonburg, Kalida, Leipsic, Lima, Marion, Ottawa, Pemberville and Westerville, Ohio. The primary source of revenue of the Corporation is providing loans to customers primarily located in Northwestern and West Central Ohio. Such customers are predominately small and middle-market businesses and individuals. Significant accounting policies followed by the Corporation are presented below. Use of Estimates in Preparing Financial Statements The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during each reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. The estimates most susceptible to significant change in the near term include the determination of the allowance for loan losses; valuation of securities, deferred tax assets, and goodwill; and fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a business combination. Principles of Consolidation The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Corporation and its wholly-owned subsidiary, the Bank, and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Cash and Cash Equivalents For purposes of the consolidated statements of cash flows, cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand, amounts due from banks, and federal funds sold which mature overnight or within four days. Restrictions on Cash The Corporation was required to maintain cash on hand or on deposit with the Federal Reserve Bank of approximately $1.2 million and $1.1 million at December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively, to meet regulatory reserve and clearing requirements. Securities, Federal Home Loan Bank Stock and Certificates of Deposits The Corporation has designated all securities as available-for-sale. Such securities are recorded at fair value, with unrealized gains and losses, net of applicable income taxes, excluded from income and reported as accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). The cost of debt securities is adjusted for amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts to maturity. Purchase premiums and discounts are recognized in interest income using the interest method over the terms of the securities. Declines in fair value of securities below their cost that are deemed to be other-than-temporary are reflected in income as realized losses. In estimating other-than-temporary 24 UNITED BANCSHARES, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTE 1 — SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued) impairment losses, management considers (1) the intent to sell the securities and the more likely than not requirement that the Corporation will be required to sell the securities prior to recovery, (2) the length of time and the extent to which the fair value has been less than cost, and (3) the financial condition and near-term prospects of the issuer. Gains and losses on the sale of securities are recorded on the trade date, using the specific identification method, and are included in non-interest income. Investment in Federal Home Loan Bank of Cincinnati stock is classified as a restricted security, carried at cost, and evaluated for impairment. Investments in certificates of deposit are carried at cost and evaluated for impairment annually or when circumstances change that may have a significant effect on fair value. Loans Held for Sale Loans originated and intended for sale in the secondary market are carried at the lower of cost or estimated fair value in the aggregate. Estimated fair value is determined based on quoted market prices in the secondary market. Any net unrealized losses are recognized through a valuation allowance by charges to income. The Corporation had no unrealized losses at December 31, 2017 and 2016. Loans and Leases Loans and leases that management has the intent and ability to hold for the foreseeable future or until maturity or pay-off are generally stated at its outstanding principal amount adjusted for charge-offs and the allowance for loan and lease losses. Interest is accrued as earned based upon the daily outstanding principal balance. Loan and lease origination fees and certain direct obligation costs are capitalized and recognized as an adjustment of the yield of the related loan. The accrual of interest on mortgage and commercial loans is generally discontinued at the time the loan is 90 days past due unless the credit is well-secured and in process of collection. Personal loans are typically charged-off no later than when they become 150 days past due. Past due status is based on contractual terms of the loan. In all cases, loans are placed on non-accrual or charged-off at an earlier date if collection of principal or interest is considered doubtful. All interest accrued but not collected for loans and leases that are placed on nonaccrual or charged-off is reversed against interest income. Interest on these loans and leases is accounted for on the cash-basis or cost-recovery method, until qualifying for return to accrual. Loans and leases are returned to accrual status when all the principal and interest amounts contractually due are brought current and future payments are reasonably assured. Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses The allowance for loan and lease losses (“allowance”) is established as losses are estimated to have occurred through a provision for loan and lease losses charged to income. Loan and lease losses are charged against the allowance when management believes the uncollectibility of a loan balance is confirmed. Subsequent recoveries, if any, are credited to the allowance. The allowance is evaluated on a regular basis by management and is based upon management’s periodic review of the collectability of loans and leases in light of historical experience, the nature and volume of the loan and lease portfolio, adverse situations that may affect the borrower’s ability to repay, estimated value of any underlying collateral and prevailing economic conditions. This evaluation is inherently subjective as it requires estimates that are susceptible to significant revision as more information becomes available. Due to potential changes in conditions, it is at least reasonably possible that changes in estimates will occur in the near term and that such changes could be material to the amounts reported in the Corporation’s consolidated financial statements. 25 UNITED BANCSHARES, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTE 1 — SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued) The allowance consists of specific, general and unallocated components. The specific component relates to impaired loans and leases when the discounted cash flows, collateral value, or observable market price of the impaired loan and lease is lower than the carrying value of that loan or lease. The general component covers classified loans and leases (substandard or special mention) without specific reserves, as well as non-classified loans and leases, and is based on historical loss experience adjusted for qualitative factors. An unallocated component is maintained to cover uncertainties that could affect management’s estimate of probable losses. The unallocated component of the allowance reflects the margin of imprecision inherent in the underlying assumptions used in the methodologies for estimating specific and general losses in the portfolio. A loan or lease is considered impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that the Corporation will be unable to collect the scheduled payments of principal or interest when due according to the contractual terms of the loan or lease agreement. Factors considered by management in determining impairment include payment status, collateral value, and the probability of collecting scheduled principal and interest payments when due. Loans and leases that experience insignificant payment delays and payment shortfalls generally are not classified as impaired. Management determines the significance of payment delays and payment shortfalls on a case-by-case basis, taking into consideration all of the circumstances surrounding the loan or lease and the borrower, including the length of the delay, the reasons for the delay, the borrower’s prior payment record, and the amount of the shortfall in relation to the principal and interest owed. Impairment is measured individually for commercial loans by either the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate, the loan’s obtainable market price, or the fair value of the collateral if the loan is collateral dependent. Under certain circumstances, the Corporation will provide borrowers relief through loan restructurings. A restructuring of debt constitutes a troubled debt restructuring (TDR) if the Corporation, for economic or legal reasons related to the borrower’s financial difficulties, grants a concession to the borrower that it would not otherwise consider. Restructured loans typically present an elevated level of credit risk as the borrowers are not able to perform according to the original contractual terms. Loans that are reported as TDRs are considered impaired and measured for impairment as described above. TDR concessions can include reduction of interest rates, extension of maturity dates, forgiveness of principal or interest due, or acceptance of other assets in full or partial satisfaction of the debt. Large groups of smaller balance homogeneous loans are collectively evaluated for impairment. Accordingly, the Corporation does not separately identify individual consumer and residential loans for impairment disclosures. Acquired Loans Purchased loans acquired in a business combination are segregated into three types: pass rated loans with no discount attributable to credit quality, non-impaired loans with a discount attributable at least in part to credit quality and impaired loans with evidence of significant credit deterioration. • • • Pass rated loans (typically performing loans) are accounted for in accordance with ASC 310-20 “Nonrefundable Fees and Other Costs” as these loans do not have evidence of credit deterioration since origination. Non-impaired loans (typically past-due loans, special mention loans and performing substandard loans) are accounted for in accordance with ASC 310-30 “Receivables — Loans and Debt Securities Acquired with Deteriorated Credit Quality” as they display at least some level of credit deterioration since origination. Impaired loans (typically substandard loans on non-accrual status) are accounted for in accordance with ASC 310-30 as they display significant credit deterioration since origination. 26 UNITED BANCSHARES, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTE 1 — SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued) In accordance with ASC 310-30, for both purchased non-impaired loans and purchased impaired loans, the difference between contractually required payments at acquisition and the cash flows expected to be collected is referred to as the non-accretable difference. This amount is not recognized as a yield adjustment or as a loss accrual or a valuation allowance. Further, any excess of cash flows expected at acquisition over the estimated fair value is referred to as the accretable yield and is recognized into interest income over the remaining life of the loan when there is a reasonable expectation about the amount and timing of such cash flows. Increases in expected cash flows subsequent to the initial investment are recognized prospectively through adjustment of the yield on the loan over its remaining estimated life. Decreases in expected cash flows are recognized immediately as impairment. If the Corporation does not have the information necessary to reasonably estimate cash flows to be expected, it may use the cost recovery method or cash basis method of income recognition. Valuation allowances on these impaired loans reflect only losses incurred after the acquisition (meaning the present value of all cash flows expected at acquisition that ultimately are not to be received). Other Real Estate Owned Assets acquired through, or in lieu of, loan foreclosure are held for sale and are initially recorded at the lower of cost or fair value, less estimated cost to sell, at the date of foreclosure, establishing a new cost basis with loan balances in excess of fair value charged to the allowance for loan losses. Subsequent to foreclosure, valuations are periodically performed and the assets are carried at the lower of carrying amount or fair value less cost to sell. Revenue and expenses from operations and subsequent valuation adjustments are included in other operating expenses. Loan Sales and Servicing Certain mortgage loans are sold with mortgage servicing rights retained or released by the Corporation. The value of mortgage loans sold with servicing rights retained is reduced by the cost allocated to the associated mortgage servicing rights. Gains or losses on sales of mortgage loans are recognized based on the difference between the selling price and the carrying value of the related mortgage loans sold. The Corporation generally estimates fair value for servicing rights based on the present value of future expected cash flows, using management’s best estimates of the key assumptions — credit losses, prepayment speeds, servicing costs, earnings rate, and discount rates commensurate with the risks involved. Capitalized servicing rights are reported at fair value and changes in fair value are reported in net income for the period the change occurs. Servicing fee income is recorded for servicing loans, based on a contractual percentage of the outstanding principal, and is reported as other operating income. Amortization of mortgage servicing rights is charged against loan servicing fee income. Premises and Equipment Premises and equipment is stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation. Upon the sale or disposition of the assets, the difference between the depreciated cost and proceeds is charged or credited to income. Depreciation is determined based on the estimated useful lives of the individual assets (typically 20 to 40 years for buildings and 3 to 10 years for equipment) and is computed primarily using the straight-line method. Premises and equipment is reviewed for impairment when events indicate the carrying amount may not be recoverable from future undiscounted cash flows. If impaired, premises and equipment is recorded at fair value and any corresponding write-downs are charged against current year earnings. 27 UNITED BANCSHARES, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTE 1 — SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued) Off-Balance Sheet Credit Related Financial Instruments In the ordinary course of business, the Corporation has entered into commitments to extend credit, including commitments under commercial letters of credit, and standby letters of credit. Such financial instruments are recorded when they are funded. The Corporation maintains a separate allowance for off-balance sheet commitments. Management estimates anticipated losses using historical data and utilization assumptions. The allowance for off-balance sheet commitments is included in other liabilities. Goodwill and Core Deposit Intangible Assets Goodwill arising from acquisitions is not amortized, but is subject to an annual impairment test to determine if an impairment loss has occurred. Significant judgment is applied when goodwill is assessed for impairment. This judgment includes developing cash flow projections, selecting appropriate discount rates, identifying relevant market comparables, incorporating general economic and market conditions, and selecting an appropriate control premium. At December 31, 2017, the Corporation believes the Bank does not have any indicators of potential impairment based on the estimated fair value of its reporting unit. The core deposit intangible asset resulting from the March 2010 Findlay branch acquisition was determined to have a definite life and was amortized on a straight-line basis over seven years through March 2017. The core deposit intangible asset resulting from the November 2014 Ohio State Bank (“OSB”) acquisition was also determined to have a definite life and is being amortized on a straight-line basis over ten years through October 2024. The core deposit intangible asset resulting from the September 2017 Benchmark Bancorp, Inc. and its wholly owned subsidiary, Benchmark Bank (collectively referred to as “Benchmark”) acquisition was also determined to have a definite life and is being amortized on an accelerated basis over ten years through 2027. Amortization of core deposit intangible assets amounted to $124,000, $96,000 and $96,000 for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015. Future amortization of core deposit intangible assets for the years 2018 thru 2022 are $173,000, $158,000, $151,000, $143,000, and $140,000, respectively. Supplemental Retirement Benefits Annual provisions are made for the estimated liability for accumulated supplemental retirement benefits under agreements with certain officers and directors. These provisions are determined based on the terms of the agreements, as well as certain assumptions, including estimated service periods and discount rates. Advertising Costs All advertising costs are expensed as incurred. Income Taxes Deferred income taxes are provided on temporary differences between financial statement and income tax reporting. Temporary differences are differences between the amounts of assets and liabilities reported for financial statement purposes and its tax bases. Deferred tax assets are recognized for temporary differences that will be deductible in future years’ tax returns and for operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance if it is deemed more likely than not that some or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Deferred tax liabilities are recognized for temporary differences that will be taxable in future years’ tax returns. Benefits from tax positions taken or expected to be taken in a tax return are not recognized if the likelihood that the tax position would be sustained upon examination by a taxing authority is considered to be 50% or less. The Corporation has adopted the policy of classifying any interest and penalties resulting from the filing of its income tax returns in the provision for income taxes. 28 UNITED BANCSHARES, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTE 1 — SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued) The Corporation is not currently subject to state or local income taxes. Transfers of Financial Assets Transfers of financial assets are accounted for as sales when control over the assets has been surrendered. Control over transferred assets is deemed to be surrendered when (1) the assets have been isolated from the Corporation, (2) the transferee obtains the right (free of conditions that constrain it from taking advantage of that right) to pledge or exchange the transferred assets, and (3) the Corporation does not maintain effective control over the transferred assets through an agreement to repurchase them before their maturity. The transfer of a participating interest in an entire financial asset must also meet the definition of a participating interest. A participating interest in a financial asset has all of the following characteristics: (1) from the date of transfer, it must represent a proportionate (pro rata) ownership interest in the financial asset, (2) from the date of transfer, all cash flows received, except any cash flows allocated as any compensation for servicing or other services performed, must be divided proportionately among participating interest holders in the amount equal to their share ownership, (3) the rights of each participating interest holder must have the same priority, (4) no party has the right to pledge or exchange the entire financial asset unless all participating interest holders agree to do so. Comprehensive Income (Loss) Recognized revenue, expenses, gains and losses are included in net income. Although certain changes in assets and liabilities, such as unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale securities, are reported as a separate component of the equity section of the consolidated balance sheet, such items, along with net income, are components of comprehensive income. Per Share Data Basic net income per share is computed based on the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during each year. Diluted net income per share reflects additional common shares that would have been outstanding if dilutive potential common shares had been issued. The weighted average number of shares used for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015: Basic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,267,305 3,289,497 3,339,242 Diluted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,272,310 3,289,497 3,339,242 2017 2016 2015 Dividends per share are based on the number of shares outstanding at the declaration date. Rate Lock Commitments Loan commitments related to the origination or acquisition of mortgage loans that will be held for sale are accounted for as derivative instruments. The Corporation enters into commitments to originate loans whereby the interest rate on the loan is determined prior to funding (rate lock commitments). Rate lock commitments on mortgage loans that are intended to be sold are considered to be derivatives. Accordingly, such commitments, along with any related fees received from potential borrowers, are to be recorded at fair value as derivative assets or liabilities, with changes in fair value recorded in the net gain or loss on sale of mortgage loans. Fair value is based on fees currently charged to enter into similar agreements, and for fixed-rate commitments also considers the difference between current levels of interest rates and the committed rates. At December 31, 2017 and 2016, derivative assets and liabilities relating to rate lock commitments were not material to the consolidated financial statements. 29 UNITED BANCSHARES, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTE 1 — SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued) Fair Values of Financial Instruments Fair values of financial instruments are estimated using relevant market information and other assumptions, as more fully discussed in Note 18. Fair value estimates involve uncertainties and matters of significant judgment regarding interest rates, credit risk, prepayments, and other factors, especially in the absence of broad markets for particular items. Changes in assumptions or in market conditions could significantly affect the estimates. Subsequent Events Management evaluated subsequent events through the date the consolidated financial statements were issued. Events or transactions occurring after December 31, 2017, but prior to when the consolidated financial statements were issued, that provided additional evidence about conditions that existed at December 31, 2017, have been recognized in the financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2017. Events or transactions that provided evidence about conditions that did not exist at December 31, 2017 but arose before the financial statements were issued, have not been recognized in the consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2017. On January 18, 2018, United Bancshares, Inc. issued a release announcing that its Board of Directors approved a cash dividend of $0.12 per common share payable March 15, 2018 to shareholders of record at the close of business on February 28, 2018. NOTE 2 — NEW ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Summary and Amendments that Create Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) and Other Assets and Deferred Costs — Contracts with Customers (Subtopic 340-40). The guidance in this update supersedes the revenue recognition requirements in ASC Topic 605, Revenue Recognition, and most industry-specific guidance throughout the industry topics of the Codification. For public companies, this update will be effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017. The guidance does not apply to revenues associated with financial instruments, including loans and securities that are accounted for under U.S. GAAP. The Corporation has determined that the first quarter adoption of Topic 606-2018 will not have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements. In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-01, Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities, amending ASU Subtopic 825-10. The amendments in this update make targeted improvements to generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) as follows: 1) require equity investments to be measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in net income; 2) simplify the impairment assessment of equity investments without readily determinable fair values by requiring a qualitative assessment to identify impairment; 3) eliminate the requirement to disclose the fair value of financial instruments measured at amortized cost for entities that are not public business entities; 4) eliminate the requirement for public business entities to disclose the method(s) and significant assumptions used to estimate the fair value that is required to be disclosed for financial instruments measured at amortized cost on the balance sheet; 5) require public business entities to use the exit price notion when measuring the fair value of financial instruments for disclosure purposes; 6) require an entity to present separately in other comprehensive income the portion of the total change in the fair value of a liability resulting from a change in the instrument-specific credit risk when the entity has elected to measure the liability at fair value in accordance with the fair value option for financial instruments; 7) require separate presentation of financial assets and financial liabilities by measurement category and form of financial asset on the balance sheet or the accompanying notes to the financial statements; and 8) clarify that an entity should evaluate the need for a valuation allowance on a deferred tax asset related to available-for-sale securities in combination with the entity’s other deferred tax assets. The amendments in this update are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017. The Corporation has determined that this guidance will not have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements. 30 UNITED BANCSHARES, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTE 2 — NEW ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS (Continued) In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842). The ASU requires a lessee to recognize on the balance sheet assets and liabilities for leases with lease terms of more than 12 months. Consistent with current GAAP, the recognition, measurement, and presentation of expenses and cash flows arising from a lease by a lessee primarily will depend on its classification as a finance or operating lease. Unlike current GAAP, which requires that only capital leases be recognized on the balance sheet, the ASC requires that both types of leases by recognized on the balance sheet. For public companies, this update will be effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018. Early application is permitted. The adoption of this guidance is not expected to have a material impact on the Corporation’s consolidated financial statements. In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-09, Compensation — Stock Compensation (Topic 718). ASU 2016-09 is intended to simplify the accounting for share-based payment transactions, including income tax consequences, classification of awards as either assets or liabilities and classification in the statement of cash flows. ASU 2016-09 is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017 and interim periods within annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018. Early adoption is permitted. The Corporation does not expect the adoption of ASU 2016-09 to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. The ASU requires an organization to measure all expected credit losses for financial assets held at the reporting date based on historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Financial institutions and other organizations will now use forward-looking information to better inform their credit loss estimates. Many of the loss estimation techniques applied today will still be permitted, although the inputs to those techniques will change to reflect the full amount of expected credit losses. Organizations will continue to use judgment to determine which loss estimation method is appropriate for their circumstances. Additionally, the ASU amends the accounting for credit losses on available-for-sale debt securities and purchased financial assets with credit deterioration. For public companies, this update will be effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019. Management has begun gathering data and evaluating the process for calculating the allowance for loan losses under the requirements of ASU 2016-13, but has not yet determined the expected impact the adoption of ASU 2016-13 will have on the consolidated financial statements. In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, Intangibles-Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment. The guidance in this update eliminates the Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. For public companies, this update will be effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019, with early adoption permitted for interim and annual goodwill impairment test with a measurement date after January 1, 2017. The Corporation does not expect the guidance to have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements. NOTE 3 — ACQUISITION On September 8, 2017, after receiving full board of director and regulatory approval, the Corporation completed the acquisition of Benchmark in an all cash transaction. Under the terms of the merger agreement, shareholders of Benchmark received approximately $8.59 per share for each outstanding common share. Immediately following the merger of Benchmark with and into the Corporation, Benchmark merged with and into the Bank. As a result of the acquisition, the two full-service banking centers of Benchmark located in Gahanna and Westerville, Ohio, became full service offices of the Bank, and one mortgage loan production office located in Gahanna Ohio, became a mortgage loan production office of the Bank. The acquisition expands the geographical footprint of the Corporation in Ohio’s fastest growing market and is expected to provide certain cost synergies with the existing Central Ohio operations, as well as income accretion through a 31 UNITED BANCSHARES, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTE 3 — ACQUISITION (Continued) larger asset base. Acquisition related costs amounted to $1,271,000 in 2017 and $65,000 in 2016, and are included in other non-interest expenses. Goodwill of $15.1 million arising from the acquisition consists largely of synergies and the cost savings expected to result from the combining of operations and is not deductible for income tax purposes. Consideration paid and the estimated fair value of the assets acquired and the liabilities assumed at the acquisition date are as follows (dollars in thousands): Cash and cash equivalents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Restricted stock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Loans, including loans held for sale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Premises and equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Core deposit intangible asset Other real estate owned . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other assets, including accrued interest receivable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total assets acquired . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Deposits Other liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total liabilities assumed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Net identifiable assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Goodwill Total cash paid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 6,092 472 98,804 2,483 493 141 5,342 113,827 95,545 2,661 98,206 15,621 15,131 $ 30,752 NOTE 4 — SECURITIES The amortized cost and fair value of securities as of December 31, 2017 and 2016 are as follows: 2017 2016 Amortized cost Fair value Amortized cost Fair value (in thousands) Available-for-sale: Obligations of states and political subdivisions . . Mortgage-backed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total $ 67,160 101,454 1,002 $169,616 $ 67,979 100,463 986 $169,428 $ 70,757 119,758 1,002 $191,517 $ 70,624 118,595 986 $190,205 A summary of unrealized gains and losses on securities at December 31, 2017 and 2016 follows: 2017 2016 Gross unrealized gains Gross unrealized losses Gross unrealized gains Gross unrealized losses (in thousands) Available-for-sale: Obligations of states and political subdivisions . . Mortgage-backed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total $ 977 285 — $1,262 $ 158 1,276 16 $1,450 $ 644 769 — $1,413 $ 777 1,932 16 $2,725 32 UNITED BANCSHARES, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTE 4 — SECURITIES (Continued) The amortized cost and fair value of securities at December 31, 2017, by contractual maturity, are shown below. Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties. Amortized Cost Fair value (in thousands) Due in one year or less . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 2,660 $ 2,690 Due after one year through five years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Due after five years through ten years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,761 39,197 20,017 39,659 Due after ten years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106,996 106,076 Other securities having no maturity date . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,002 986 Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $169,616 $169,428 Securities with a carrying value of $27.7 million at December 31, 2017 and $26.5 million at December 31, 2016 were pledged to secure public deposits and for other purposes as required or permitted by law. The following table presents gross unrealized losses and fair value of debt securities, aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position at December 31, 2017 and 2016: 2017 Obligations of states and political subdivisions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mortgage-backed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total temporarily impaired securities . . . 2016 Obligations of states and political Securities in a continuous unrealized loss position Less than 12 months 12 months or more Total Unrealized losses Fair value Unrealized losses Fair value Unrealized losses Total Fair value (in thousands) $ 60 236 — $296 $11,951 34,109 — $46,060 $ 98 1,040 16 $1,154 $ 6,193 39,105 986 $46,284 $ 158 1,276 16 $1,450 $18,144 73,214 986 $92,344 Less than 12 months 12 months or more Total Unrealized losses Fair value Unrealized losses Fair value Unrealized losses Total Fair value subdivisions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 777 $ 33,312 Mortgage-backed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,882 16 78,717 986 Total temporarily impaired securities . . . $2,675 $113,015 $— 50 — $50 $ — $ 777 $ 33,312 1,758 — 1,932 16 80,475 986 $1,758 $2,725 $114,773 There were 102 securities in an unrealized loss position at December 31, 2017, 66 of which were in a continuous unrealized loss position for 12 months or more. Management has considered industry analyst reports, whether downgrades by bond rating agencies have occurred, sector credit reports, issuer’s financial condition and prospects, the Corporation’s ability and intent to hold securities to maturity, and volatility in the bond market, in concluding that the unrealized losses as of December 31, 2017 were primarily the result of customary and expected fluctuations in the bond market. As a result, all security impairments as of December 31, 2017 are considered to be temporary. 33 UNITED BANCSHARES, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTE 4 — SECURITIES (Continued) Gross realized gains from sale of securities, including securities calls, amounted to $241,000 in 2017, $215,000 in 2016, and $142,000 in 2015, with the income tax provision applicable to such gains amounting to $82,000 in 2017, $73,000 in 2016, and $48,000 in 2015. Gross realized losses from sale of securities amounted to $243,000 in 2017, $57,000 in 2016, and $26,000 in 2015 with related income tax effect of $83,000 in 2017, $19,000 in 2016 and $9,000 in 2015. NOTE 5 — LOANS AND LEASES Loans and leases at December 31, 2017 and 2016 consist of the following: 2017 2016 (in thousands) Residential real estate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $121,418 $ 88,869 Commercial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Agriculture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Consumer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335,820 44,510 4,664 244,097 39,108 4,012 Total loans and leases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $506,412 $376,086 Fixed rate loans and leases approximated $112,007,000 at December 31, 2017 and $75,723,000 at December 31, 2016. Certain commercial and agricultural loans and leases are secured by real estate. Most of the Corporation’s lending activities are with customers located in Northwestern and West Central Ohio. As of December 31, 2017 and 2016, the Corporation’s loans and leases from borrowers in the agriculture industry represent the single largest industry and amounted to $44,510,000 and $39,108,000, respectively. Agriculture loans and leases are generally secured by property and equipment. Repayment is primarily expected from cash flow generated through the harvest and sale of crops or milk production for dairy products. Agriculture customers are subject to various risks and uncertainties which can adversely impact the cash flow generated from their operations, including weather conditions; milk production; health and stability of livestock; costs of key operating items such as fertilizer, fuel, seed, or animal feed; and market prices for crops, milk, and livestock. Credit evaluation of agricultural lending is based on an evaluation of cash flow coverage of principal and interest payments and the adequacy of collateral received. The Corporation originates 1-4 family real estate and consumer loans and leases utilizing credit reports to supplement the underwriting process. The Corporation’s underwriting standards for 1-4 family loans and leases are generally in accordance with the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (FHLMC) manual underwriting guidelines. Properties securing 1-4 family real estate loans and leases are appraised by fee appraisers, which is independent of the loan and lease origination function and has been approved by the Board of Directors and the Loan Policy Committee. The loan-to-value ratios normally do not exceed 80% without credit enhancements such as mortgage insurance. The Corporation will lend up to 100% of the lesser of the appraised value or purchase price for conventional 1-4 family real estate loans, provided private mortgage insurance is obtained. The underwriting standards for consumer loans and leases include a determination of the applicant’s payment history on other debts and an assessment of their ability to meet existing obligations and payments on the proposed loan or lease. To monitor and manage loan and lease risk, policies and procedures are developed and modified, as needed by management. This activity, coupled with smaller loan and lease amounts that are spread across many individual borrowers, minimizes risk. Additionally, market conditions are reviewed by management on a regular basis. The Corporation’s 1-4 family real estate loans and leases are secured primarily by properties located in its primary market area. Commercial and agricultural real estate loans and leases are subject to underwriting standards and processes similar to commercial and agricultural operating loans and leases, in addition to those unique to real estate loans and leases. These loans and leases are viewed primarily as cash flow loans and secondarily 34 UNITED BANCSHARES, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTE 5 — LOANS AND LEASES (Continued) as loans secured by real estate. Commercial and agricultural real estate lending typically involves higher loan principal amounts and the repayment of these loans is generally dependent on the successful operation of the property securing the loan or the business conducted on the property securing the loan. Loan to value is generally 75% of the cost or appraised value of the assets. Appraisals on properties securing these loans are performed by fee appraisers approved by the Board of Directors. Because payments on commercial and agricultural real estate loans are often dependent on the successful operation or management of the properties, repayment of such loans may be subject to adverse conditions in the real estate market or the economy. Management monitors and evaluates commercial and agricultural real estate loans and leases based on collateral and risk rating criteria. The Corporation may require guarantees on these loans and leases. The Corporation’s commercial and agricultural real estate loans and leases are secured primarily by properties located in its primary market area. Commercial and agricultural operating loans and leases are underwritten based on the Corporation’s examination of current and projected cash flows to determine the ability of the borrower to repay their obligations as agreed. This underwriting includes the evaluation of cash flows of the borrower, underlying collateral, if applicable and the borrower’s ability to manage its business activities. The cash flows of borrowers and the collateral securing these loans and leases may fluctuate in value after the initial evaluation. A first priority lien on the general assets of the business normally secures these types of loans and leases. Loan to value limits vary and are dependent upon the nature and type of the underlying collateral and the financial strength of the borrower. Crop and/or hail insurance may be required for agricultural borrowers. Loans are generally guaranteed by the principal(s). The Corporation’s commercial and agricultural operating lending is primarily in its primary market area. The Corporation maintains an internal audit department that reviews and validates the credit risk program on a periodic basis. Results of these reviews are presented to management and the audit committee. The internal audit process complements and reinforces the risk identification and assessment decisions made by lenders and credit personnel, as well as the Corporation’s policies and procedures. The following tables present the activity in the allowance for loan and lease losses by portfolio segment for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015: Commercial and multi-family real estate Commercial Residential 1 – 4 family real estate Consumer Total (in thousands) Balance at December 31, 2016 . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 896 $1,876 $542 $ 31 $3,345 Provision (credit) for loan and lease losses . . . . Losses charged off . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Recoveries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (424) (63) 92 9 (553) 414 34 (45) 14 31 (28) 9 (350) (689) 529 Balance at December 31, 2017 . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 501 $1,746 $545 $ 43 $2,835 Commercial and multi-family real estate Commercial Residential 1 – 4 family real estate Consumer Balance at December 31, 2015 . . . . . . . . . . . . Provision (credit) for loan and lease losses . . . . Losses charged off . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Recoveries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $893 55 (86) 34 $2,540 (969) (12) 317 Balance at December 31, 2016 . . . . . . . . . . . . $896 $1,876 $373 160 (52) 61 $542 35 Total $3,834 (750) (160) 421 $ 28 4 (10) 9 $ 31 $3,345 UNITED BANCSHARES, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTE 5 — LOANS AND LEASES (Continued) Commercial and multi-family real estate Commercial Residential 1 – 4 family real estate Consumer Total Balance at December 31, 2014 . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 199 $3,255 $ 363 $ 23 $3,840 Provision (credit) for loan and lease losses . . . . Losses charged off . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Recoveries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 971 (349) 72 (767) (98) 150 166 (176) 20 12 (16) 9 382 (639) 251 Balance at December 31, 2015 . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 893 $2,540 $ 373 $ 28 $3,834 The following tables present the balance in the allowance for loan and lease losses and the recorded investment in loans and leases by portfolio segment and based on impairment method as of December 31, 2017 and 2016: Commercial and multi-family real estate Commercial Residential 1 – 4 family real estate Consumer Total (in thousands) 2017 Allowance for loan and lease losses: Attributable to loans and leases individually . . . . . . . . . . . Collectively evaluated for impairment . . . . . evaluated for impairment $ — $ 501 — 1,746 Total allowance for loan and lease losses . . . . $ 501 $ 1,746 Loans and leases: Individually evaluated for impairment . . . . Acquired with deteriorated credit quality. . . Collectively evaluated for impairment . . . . . $ — $ — 68,072 — 984 311,274 $ $ $ — $ — $ 545 43 — 2,835 545 $ 43 $ 2,835 — $ — $ 194 121,224 — 4,664 — 1,178 505,234 Total ending loans and leases balance . . . . . . $68,072 $312,258 $121,418 $4,664 $506,412 Commercial and multi-family real estate Commercial Residential 1 – 4 family real estate Consumer Total 2016 Allowance for loan and lease losses: Attributable to loans and leases individually . . . . . . . . . . . evaluated for impairment Collectively evaluated for impairment . . . . . Total allowance for loan and lease losses . . . . Loans and leases: . . . . Individually evaluated for impairment Acquired with deteriorated credit quality . . $ $ $ 399 497 896 937 — Collectively evaluated for impairment . . . . . 62,782 216,933 Total ending loans and leases balance . . . . . . $63,719 $219,486 36 $ 619 $ — $ — $ 1,018 1,257 $ 1,876 $ 542 542 31 2,327 $ 31 $ 3,345 $ 1,980 573 $ — 51 88,818 $88,869 $ — $ 2,917 624 — 4,012 372,545 $4,012 $376,086 UNITED BANCSHARES, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTE 5 — LOANS AND LEASES (Continued) The following is a summary of the activity in the allowance for loan and lease losses of impaired loans, which is a part of the Corporation’s overall allowance for loan and lease losses for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015: 2017 2016 2015 (in thousands) Balance at beginning of year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $1,018 $ 1,371 $ 807 Provision (credit) for loan and lease losses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Loans charged off . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Recoveries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (865) (414) 261 (1,155) — 802 852 (326) 38 Balance at end of year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ — $ 1,018 $1,371 The average balance of impaired loans and leases (excluding loans and leases acquired with deteriorated credit quality) amounted to $1,450,000, $3,691,000 and $5,579,000 during 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively. There was no interest income on impaired loans and leases in 2017 compared to $245,000 and $393,000 in interest income recognized by the Corporation on impaired loans and leases on an accrual or cash basis during 2016 and 2015, respectively. The following table presents loans and leases individually evaluated for impairment by class of loans as of December 31, 2017 and 2016: 2017 2016 (in thousands) Recorded investment Allowance for loan and lease losses allocated Recorded investment Allowance for loan and lease losses allocated With no related allowance recorded: Commercial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Commercial and multi-family real estate . . . . . . . Agriculture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Agricultural real estate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Consumer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Residential 1 – 4 family real estate . . . . . . . . . . . . With an allowance recorded: Commercial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Commercial and multi-family real estate . . . . . . . Agriculture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Agricultural real estate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Consumer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Residential 1 – 4 family real estate . . . . . . . . . . . . $— — — — — — — — — — — — $— — — — — — — — — — — — $ — — — — — — 937 1,980 — — — — $ — — — — — — 399 619 — — — — Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $— $— $2,917 $1,018 37 UNITED BANCSHARES, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTE 5 — LOANS AND LEASES (Continued) The following table presents the recorded investment in nonaccrual loans and leases, loans and leases past due over 90 days still on accrual and troubled debt restructurings by class of loans as of December 31, 2017 and 2016: 2017 Loans and leases past due over 90 days still accruing $ 60 — — — — 110 — $170 Nonaccrual $ 532 1,411 233 — — 591 — $2,767 Troubled Debt Restructurings Nonaccrual (in thousands) $ 27 257 — — — 428 — $712 $1,295 3,462 277 — 3 966 — $6,003 2016 Loans and leases past due over 90 days still accruing Troubled Debt Restructurings $ — — — 73 — 81 — $154 $ 29 722 — — — 457 — $1,208 Commercial . . . . . . . . . . Commercial real estate . . . Agricultural real estate . . . Agriculture . . . . . . . . . . Consumer . . . . . . . . . . . Residential: 1 – 4 family . . . . . . . . . Home equity . . . . . . . . Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The nonaccrual balances in the table above include troubled debt restructurings that have been classified as nonaccrual. The following table presents the aging of the recorded investment in past due loans and leases as of December 31, 2017 and 2016 by class of loans and leases: 30 – 59 days past due 60 – 89 days past due Greater than 90 days past due Total past due (in thousands) Loans and leases not past due Total 2017 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Commercial Commercial real estate . . . . . . . . . Agriculture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Agricultural real estate . . . . . . . . . Consumer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Residential real estate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total 2016 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Commercial Commercial real estate . . . . . . . . . Agriculture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Agricultural real estate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Consumer Residential real estate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total $ 419 636 — 25 1 3,418 $4,499 30 – 59 days past due $ 326 103 227 — 10 1,770 $2,436 $ 34 354 145 — — 195 $728 $ 60 631 — — — 392 $1,083 $ 513 1,621 145 25 1 4,005 $6,310 $ 55,410 278,276 12,318 32,022 4,663 117,413 $500,102 60 – 89 days past due Greater than 90 days past due Total past due Loans and leases not past due $ 79 553 — 5 — 462 $1,099 $ 476 803 227 5 12 2,716 $4,239 $ 49,988 192,830 13,026 25,850 4,000 86,153 $371,847 $ 71 147 — — 2 484 $704 38 $ 55,923 279,897 12,463 32,047 4,664 121,418 $506,412 Total $ 50,464 193,633 13,253 25,855 4,012 88,869 $376,086 UNITED BANCSHARES, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTE 5 — LOANS AND LEASES (Continued) Credit Quality Indicators: The Corporation categorizes loans and leases into risk categories based on relevant information about the ability of borrowers to service their debt such as: current financial information, historical payment experience, credit documentation, public information, and current economic trends, among other factors. The Corporation analyzes loans and leases individually by classifying the loans and leases as to the credit risk. This analysis generally includes loans and leases with an outstanding balance greater than $500,000 and non-homogenous loans and leases, such as commercial and commercial real estate loans and leases. This analysis is performed on a quarterly basis. The Corporation uses the following definitions for risk ratings: • • • Special Mention: Loans and leases which possess some credit deficiency or potential weakness which deserves close attention, but which do not yet warrant substandard classification. Such loans and leases pose unwarranted financial risk that, if not corrected, could weaken the loan and lease and increase risk in the future. The key distinctions of a Special Mention classification are that (1) it is indicative of an unwarranted level of risk, and (2) weaknesses are considered “potential”, versus “defined”, impairments to the primary source of loan repayment. Substandard: These loans and leases are inadequately protected by the current sound net worth and paying ability of the borrower. Loans and leases of this type will generally display negative financial trends such as poor or negative net worth, earnings or cash flow. These loans and leases may also have historic and/or severe delinquency problems, and Corporation management may depend on secondary repayment sources to liquidate these loans and leases. The Corporation could sustain some degree of loss in these loans and leases if the weaknesses remain uncorrected. Doubtful: Loans and leases in this category display a high degree of loss, although the amount of actual loss at the time of classification is undeterminable. This should be a temporary category until such time that actual loss can be identified, or improvements made to reduce the seriousness of the classification. Loans and leases not meeting the criteria above that are analyzed individually as part of the above described process are considered to be pass rated loans and leases. Loans and leases listed as not rated are generally either less than $500,000 or are included in groups of homogenous loans and leases. As of December 31, 2017 and 2016, and based on the most recent analysis performed, the risk category of loans by class of loans and leases is as follows: Pass Special Mention Substandard Doubtful Not rated (in thousands) 2017 Commercial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Commercial and multi – family real estate . . . Residential 1 – 4 family . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Consumer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 47,054 234,428 11,637 — Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $293,119 $ — 2,344 — — $2,344 $1,845 3,868 174 — $5,887 $— $ 19,173 71,618 109,607 4,664 — — — $— $205,062 39 UNITED BANCSHARES, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTE 5 — LOANS AND LEASES (Continued) Pass Special Mention Substandard Doubtful Not rated 2016 Commercial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 41,234 Commercial and multi – family real estate . . . 162,398 Residential 1 – 4 family . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Consumer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210 — $ — 4,239 — — $3,666 3,850 — — $— $ 18,819 — — — 48,999 88,659 4,012 Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $203,842 $4,239 $7,516 $— $160,489 The Corporation considers the performance of the loan and lease portfolio and its impact on the allowance for loan and lease losses. For all loan classes that are not rated, the Corporation also evaluates credit quality based on the aging status of the loan, which was previously presented, and by payment activity. Generally, all loans not rated that are 90 days past due or are classified as nonaccrual and collectively evaluated for impairment, are considered nonperforming. The following table presents the recorded investment in all loans that are not risk rated, based on payment activity as of December 31, 2017 and 2016: Commercial and multi-family real estate Commercial Residential 1-4 family Consumer (in thousands) 2017 Performing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nonperforming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $19,113 60 Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $19,173 2016 Performing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nonperforming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Commercial $18,740 79 Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $18,819 $70,987 631 $71,618 $109,214 393 $109,607 $4,664 — $4,664 Commercial and multi-family real estate Residential 1-4 family Consumer $48,441 558 $48,999 $88,197 462 $88,659 $4,012 — $4,012 Modifications: The Corporation’s loan and lease portfolio also includes certain loans and leases that have been modified in a TDR, where economic concessions have been granted to borrowers who have experienced or are expected to experience financial difficulties. These concessions typically result from the Corporation’s loss mitigation activities and could include reductions in the interest rate, payment extensions, forgiveness of principal, forbearance or other actions. All TDRs are also classified as impaired loans and leases. When the Corporation modifies a loan or lease, management evaluates any possible concession based on the present value of expected future cash flows, discounted at the contractual interest rate of the original loan or lease agreement, except when the sole (remaining) source of repayment for the loan or lease is the operation or liquidation of the collateral. In these cases, management uses the current fair value of the collateral, less selling costs, instead of discounted cash flows. If management determines that the value of the modified loan or lease is less than the recorded investment in the loan or lease (net of previous charge-offs, deferred loan fees or costs and unamortized premium or discount), an impairment is recognized through a specific reserve in the allowance or a direct write down of the loan or lease balance if collection is not expected. 40 UNITED BANCSHARES, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTE 5 — LOANS AND LEASES (Continued) The following table includes the recorded investment and number of modifications for TDR loans and leases during the year ended December 31, 2016 (there were none in 2017). There were no other subsequent defaults relating to TDR loans and leases during the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016. Number of modifications Recorded investment Allowance for loan and lease losses allocated (dollars in thousands) 2016 Residential Real Estate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Commercial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Commercial Real Estate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 4 6 $ 72 30 256 $358 $— — — $— The concessions granted during 2016 included the following: the bank renewed two loans for another one year term, granted an interest only period on one loan, lowered payments and extended the maturity on one loan, modified payments on one loan and brought interest payments current and liquidating inventory of one loan. The following is additional information with respect to loans and leases acquired with the Benchmark and OSB acquisitions as of December 31, 2017 and 2016: Benchmark Bank Contractual Principal Receivable Accretable Difference Carrying Amount (in thousands) Purchased Performing Loans and Leases Balance at acquisition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Change due to payments received . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transfer to foreclosed real estate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Change due to loan charge-off . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $96,914 (7,763) — — $(2,273) 207 — — $94,641 (7,556) — — Balance at December 31, 2017 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $89,151 $(2,066) $87,085 Contractual Principal Receivable Non Accretable Difference Carrying Amount Purchased Impaired Loans and Leases Balance at acquisition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Change due to payments received . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transfer to foreclosed real estate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Change due to loan charge-off Balance at December 31, 2017 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $1,588 — — — $1,588 $(674) — — $(674) $914 — — — $914 41 UNITED BANCSHARES, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTE 5 — LOANS AND LEASES (Continued) The Ohio State Bank Contractual Principal Receivable Accretable Difference Carrying Amount (in thousands) 2017 Purchased Performing Loans and Leases Balance at December 31, 2016 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $34,416 $(1,476) $32,940 Accretion of loan discounts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (8,907) Transfer to foreclosed real estate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Change due to loan charge-offs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . — — 547 — — (8,360) — — Balance at December 31, 2017 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $25,509 $ (929) $24,580 Contractual Principal Receivable Non Accretable Difference Carrying Amount Purchased Impaired Loans and Leases Balance at December 31, 2016 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Change due to payments received . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transfer to foreclosed real estate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Change due to loan charge-offs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $1,520 (465) — (559) Balance at December 31, 2017 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 496 $(896) 176 — 488 $(232) $ 624 (289) — (71) $ 264 Contractual Principal Receivable Accretable Difference Carrying Amount 2016 Purchased Performing Loans and Leases Balance at December 31, 2015 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Accretion of loan discounts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transfer to foreclosed real estate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Change due to loan charge-offs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $41,873 (7,457) — — $(1,809) 333 — — $40,064 (7,124) — — Balance at December 31, 2016 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $34,416 $(1,476) $32,940 Contractual Principal Receivable Non Accretable Difference Carrying Amount Purchased Impaired Loans and Leases Balance at December 31, 2015 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Change due to payments received . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transfer to foreclosed real estate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Change due to loan charge-offs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $1,959 (238) — (201) $(1,194) 108 — 190 $ 765 (130) — (11) Balance at December 31, 2016 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $1,520 $ (896) $ 624 As a result of the acquisitions, the Corporation has loans, for which there was at acquisition, evidence of deterioration of credit quality since origination and for which it was probable at acquisition, that all 42 UNITED BANCSHARES, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTE 5 — LOANS AND LEASES (Continued) contractually required payments would not be collected. The carrying amount of those loans was $914,000 as of December 31, 2017 and $967,000 at acquisition for Benchmark. The carrying amount of those loans as of December 31, 2017, December 31, 2016 as well as the date of acquisition, November 14, 2014 was $264,000, $624,000 and $959,000, respectively, for the OSB acquisition. A $101,000 provision for loan and lease losses was recognized for the year ended December 31, 2017 related to one purchase credit impaired commercial loan from the OSB acquisition for which the sheriff’s appraisal was substantially below the expected collateral value. There was no other provision for loan and lease losses recognized for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 related to the acquired loans and leases as there was no significant change to the credit quality of the loans and leases during the periods. Certain directors and executive officers, including their immediate families and companies in which they are principal owners, are loan and lease customers of the Corporation. Such loans and leases are made in the ordinary course of business in accordance with the normal lending policies of the Corporation, including the interest rate charged and collateralization. Such loans amounted to $491,000 and $370,000 at December 31, 2017 and 2016 respectively. The following is a summary of activity during 2017, 2016 and 2015 for such loans: 2017 2016 2015 (in thousands) Beginning of year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Additions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Repayments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 370 300 (179) $ 63 630 (323) $ 34 160 (131) End of year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 491 $ 370 $ 63 Additions and repayments include loan and lease renewals, as well as net borrowings and repayments under revolving lines-of-credit. NOTE 6 — PREMISES AND EQUIPMENT The following is a summary of premises and equipment at December 31, 2017 and 2016: 2017 2016 (in thousands) Land and improvements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Buildings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Construction in progress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 4,069 17,311 5,018 — $ 3,469 10,434 3,621 2,209 Less accumulated depreciation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,062 6,338 Premises and equipment, net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $19,336 $13,395 26,398 19,733 Depreciation expense amounted to $724,000 in 2017, $562,000 in 2016 and $599,000 in 2015. 43 UNITED BANCSHARES, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTE 7 — SERVICING Mortgage loans serviced for others are not included in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. The unpaid principal balance of mortgage loans serviced for others amounted to $174,669,000 and $172,171,000 at December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Mortgage servicing rights are included in other assets in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. The Corporation has elected to record its mortgage servicing rights using the fair value measurement method. Significant assumptions used in determining the fair value of servicing rights as of December 31, 2017 and 2016 include: Prepayment assumptions: Based on the PSA Standard Prepayment Model Internal rate of return: 9% to 11% Servicing costs: $50 – $65 per loan, annually, increased at the rate of $1 per 1% delinquency based on loan count Inflation rate of servicing costs: Earnings rate: 3% 0.25% Following is a summary of mortgage servicing rights activity for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015: Fair value at beginning of year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Capitalized servicing rights – new loan sales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Disposals (amortization based on loan payments and payoffs) . . . . . . Change in fair value . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $1,247 183 (129) (31) $1,181 273 (195) (12) $1,218 252 (552) 263 Fair value at end of year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $1,270 $1,247 $1,181 2017 2016 2015 (in thousands) The changes in fair value of servicing rights for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 resulted from changes in external market conditions, including prepayment assumptions, which is a key valuation input used in determining the fair value of servicing. While prepayment assumptions are constantly changing, such changes are typically within a relatively small parameter from period to period. The prepayment assumption factor used in determining the fair value of servicing at December 31, 2017 was 159 compared to 148 at December 31, 2016 and 170 at December 31, 2015. The earnings rate used in determining the fair value of servicing was 0.25% in 2017, 2016 and 2015. NOTE 8 — DEPOSITS Time deposits at December 31, 2017 and 2016 include individual deposits greater than $250,000 of $11,170,000 and $4,341,000, respectively. Interest expense on time deposits greater than $250,000 amounted to $111,000 for 2017, $31,000 for 2016, and $23,000 for 2015. At December 31, 2017, time deposits amounted to $170,615,000 and were scheduled to mature as follows: 2018, $104,983,000; 2019, $31,964,000; 2020, $14,385,000; 2021, $9,873,000; 2022, $9,213,000; and thereafter, $196,000. Certain directors and executive officers, including their immediate families and companies in which they are principal owners, are depositors of the Corporation. Such deposits amounted to $3,991,000 and $3,436,000 at December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. 44 UNITED BANCSHARES, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTE 9 — OTHER BORROWINGS Other borrowings consists of the following at December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016: 2017 2016 (in thousands) Federal Home Loan Bank borrowings: Secured notes, with interest at .74%, due March, 2017 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . — 18,774 Secured note, with interest at 1.52%, due March, 2018 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,048 Secured note, with interest at 0.0%, due October, 2018 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Secured note, with interest at 1.56%, due September, 2021 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Secured note, with interest at 1.72%, due September, 2020 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Secured note, with interest at 1.86%, due September, 2021 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Secured note, with interest at 1.97%, due September, 2022 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 7,000 6,000 6,000 6,000 United Bankers Bank Note payable, with interest at 4.875% payable quarterly, and $250,000 principal payments commencing December 1, 2018, with any remaining unpaid principal, due September 1, 2022. All Union Bank stock is held as collateral. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,000 Total other borrowings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $57,148 $18,774 Federal Home Loan Bank borrowings are secured by Federal Home Loan Bank stock and eligible mortgage loans approximating $88,454,000 at December 31, 2017. At December 31, 2017, the Corporation had $63,704,000 of borrowing availability under various line-of-credit agreements with the Federal Home Loan Bank and other financial institutions. Future maturities of other borrowings are as follows: 2018, $22,398; 2019, $1,000,000; 2020, $7,000,000; 2021, $14,000,000; and 2022, $12,750,000. NOTE 10 — JUNIOR SUBORDINATED DEFERRABLE INTEREST DEBENTURES The Corporation has formed and invested $300,000 in a business trust, United (OH) Statutory Trust (United Trust) which is not consolidated by the Corporation. United Trust issued $10,000,000 of trust preferred securities, which are guaranteed by the Corporation, and are subject to mandatory redemption upon payment of the debentures. United Trust used the proceeds from the issuance of the trust preferred securities, as well as the Corporation’s capital investment, to purchase $10,300,000 of junior subordinated deferrable interest debentures issued by the Corporation. The debentures have a stated maturity date of March 26, 2033. As of March 26, 2008, and quarterly thereafter, the debentures may be shortened at the Corporation’s option. Interest is at a floating rate adjustable quarterly and equal to 315 basis points over the 3-month LIBOR amounting to 4.82% at December 31, 2017, 4.15% at December 31, 2016, and 3.57% at December 31, 2015, with interest payable quarterly. The Corporation has the right, subject to events in default, to defer payments of interest on the debentures by extending the interest payment period for a period not exceeding 20 consecutive quarterly periods. The Corporation assumed $3,093,000 of trust preferred securities from the OSB acquisition with $3,000,000 of the liability guaranteed by the Corporation, and the remaining $93,000 secured by an investment in the trust preferred securities. The trust preferred securities have a carrying value of $2,540,000 at December 31, 2017 and $2,506,000 at December 31, 2016. The difference between the principal owed and the carrying value is due to the below-market interest rate on the debentures. The debentures have a stated maturity date of April 23, 2034. Interest is at a floating rate adjustable quarterly and equal to 285 basis points over the 3-month LIBOR amounting to 4.21% at December 31, 2017 and 3.73% at December 31, 2016. 45 UNITED BANCSHARES, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTE 10 — JUNIOR SUBORDINATED DEFERRABLE INTEREST DEBENTURES (Continued) Interest expense on the debentures amounted to $596,000 in 2017, $496,000 in 2016, and $446,000 in 2015, and is included in interest expense-borrowings in the accompanying consolidated statements of income. Each issue of the trust preferred securities carries an interest rate identical to that of the related debenture. The securities have been structured to qualify as Tier I capital for regulatory purposes and the dividends paid on such are tax deductible. However, the securities cannot be used to constitute more than 25% of the Corporation’s Tier I capital inclusive of these securities under Federal Reserve Board guidelines. NOTE 11 — OTHER OPERATING EXPENSES Other operating expenses consisted of the following for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015: 2017 2016 2015 (in thousands) Data processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Professional fees Ohio Financial Institution tax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Advertising . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ATM processing and other fees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Amortization of core deposit intangible assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Postage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Stationery and supplies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . FDIC assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Loan closing fees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other real estate owned . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Deposit losses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $1,164 1,471 523 1,062 611 133 43 178 185 421 36 72 1,599 $ 999 785 285 605 570 137 40 105 269 290 46 27 1,780 $1,053 907 453 484 438 137 43 99 358 191 354 36 1,715 Total other operating expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $7,498 $5,938 $6,268 Other operating expenses included $1,271,000 in 2017 and $65,000 in 2016 relating to the acquisition described in Note 3. NOTE 12 — INCOME TAXES On December 22, 2017, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) released Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118 (“SAB 118”), which allows us to record provisional amounts if our accounting for the effects of H.R. 1 at December 31, 2017 is incomplete because we do not have the necessary information available, prepared, or analyzed in reasonable detail. This would include lack of clarity in interpreting and applying all of the provisions of H.R. 1. Accordingly, our total $1,136 million expense to re-measure our deferred taxes is provisional for certain items, including fixed assets depreciation and the deductibility of certain executive compensation. SAB 118 allows a measurement period not to extend beyond one year from the Act’s enactment date to complete the necessary accounting. 46 UNITED BANCSHARES, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTE 12 — INCOME TAXES (Continued) The provision for income taxes for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 consist of the following: 2017 2016 2015 (in thousands) Current . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 219 $ 951 $ 546 Deferred . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Enactment of federal tax reform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,524 1,136 793 — 859 — Total provision for income taxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $2,879 $1,744 $1,405 The income tax provision attributable to income from operations differed from the amounts computed by applying the U.S. federal income tax rate of 34% to income before income taxes as a result of the following: 2017 2016 2015 (in thousands) Expected tax using statutory tax rate of 34% . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $2,287 $2,470 $2,489 Increase (decrease) in tax resulting from: Tax-exempt income on state and municipal securities and political subdivision loans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tax-exempt income on life insurance contracts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Deductible dividends paid to United Bancshares, Inc. ESOP . . . . . Uncertain tax position reserves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Non-deductible merger and acquisition costs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Accounting method change relating to bad debt reserve recapture . . Enactment of federal tax reform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other, net (572) (135) (57) — 117 — 1,136 103 (558) (134) (49) (22) — — (577) (145) (39) (25) — (332) 37 34 Total provision for income taxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $2,879 $1,744 $1,405 The deferred income tax provision of $2,660,000 in 2017 included the impact of federal tax reforms. The remaining deferred income tax provision in 2017, as well as the deferred tax provision of $793,000 in 2016 and $859,000 in 2015, resulted from the tax effects of temporary differences. There was no impact for changes in the valuation allowance for deferred tax assets; however, there was a one-time tax benefit of $332,000 recognized in 2015 due to the I.R.S. Revenue Procedures 2015-13 and 2015-14 reclassed in January 2015. 47 UNITED BANCSHARES, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTE 12 — INCOME TAXES (Continued) The tax effects of temporary differences that give rise to significant portions of the deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities at December 31, 2017 and 2016 are presented below: 2017 2016 (in thousands) Deferred tax assets: Allowance for loan losses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 611 $1,156 Deferred compensation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Alternative minimum tax credits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nonaccrual loan interest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Deferred loan fees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Accrued vacation expense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Accrued profit sharing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Loans fair value adjustments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unrealized loss on securities available-for sale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Net operating loss carryforward . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total deferred tax assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Deferred tax liabilities: Federal Home Loan Bank stock dividends . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Capitalized mortgage servicing rights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fixed asset depreciation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Acquisition intangibles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trust preferred fair value adjustment Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total deferred tax liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305 847 301 112 86 115 781 64 81 2,461 5,764 526 267 264 1,803 116 107 3,083 512 627 598 153 134 161 709 446 91 708 5,295 849 424 75 2,679 200 12 4,239 Net deferred tax assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $2,681 $1,056 Net deferred tax assets at December 31, 2017 and 2016 are included in other assets in the consolidated balance sheets. At December 31, 2017, the corporation has $847,000 of federal alternative minimum tax credit carryforwards that do not expire. Under the Act, the Corporation expects to recover $832,000 of this by 2022 via reduction of regular tax liability or refund. The remaining $15,000 was acquired with the acquisition of Benchmark and is subject to limitations under Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code. Management expects this amount to be fully recoverable. The Corporation acquired $15 million in federal loss carryforwards with the acquisition of OSB during 2014, which losses expire in years ranging from 2029 to 2033. Use of these losses is limited to $126,000 per year under Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code; therefore Management recorded in deferred tax assets the tax benefit of only $2.5 million of the losses that are more likely than not to be utilized before expiration. At December 31, 2017 $14.7 million of the loss carryforwards remain; the benefit of $2.1 million of these losses is reflected in deferred tax assets. 48 UNITED BANCSHARES, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTE 12 — INCOME TAXES (Continued) The Corporation acquired $9.6 million in federal loss carryforwards with the Benchmark acquisition described in Note 3, which losses expire in years ranging from 2029 to 2036. Under Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code, the annual limitation on the use of these losses is $594,000. Management has determined that all of the losses are more likely than not to be utilized before expiration. At December 31, 2017 $9.6 million of the loss carryforwards remain; the benefit of which is reflected in deferred tax assets. Management believes it is more likely than not that the benefit of recorded deferred tax assets will be realized. Consequently, no valuation allowance for deferred tax assets is deemed necessary as of December 31, 2017 and 2016. Unrecognized Tax Benefits A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits is as follows: 2017 2016 (in thousands) $— $ 20 Balance at January 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Reductions due to the statute of limitation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . — (20) Balance at December 31 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $— $ — The Corporation had no unrecognized tax benefits at December 31, 2017 and 2016. The Corporation and its subsidiaries are subject to U.S. federal income tax. The Corporation and its subsidiaries are no longer subject to examination by taxing authorities for years before 2014. There are no current federal examinations of the Corporation’s open tax years. NOTE 13 — EMPLOYEE AND DIRECTOR BENEFITS The Corporation sponsors a salary deferral, defined contribution plan which provides for both profit sharing and employer matching contributions. The plan permits investing in the Corporation’s stock subject to certain limitations. Participants who meet certain eligibility conditions are eligible to participate and defer a specified percentage of their eligible compensation subject to certain income tax law limitations. The Corporation makes discretionary matching and profit sharing contributions, as approved annually by the Board of Directors, subject to certain income tax law limitations. Contribution expense for the plan amounted to $776,000, $632,000 and 617,000, in 2017, 2016, and 2015, respectively. At December 31, 2017, the plan owned 359,761 shares of the Corporation’s common stock. The Corporation also sponsors nonqualified deferred compensation plans, covering certain directors and employees, which have been indirectly funded through the purchase of split-dollar life insurance policies. In connection with the policies, the Corporation has provided an estimated liability for accumulated supplemental retirement benefits amounting to $1,452,000 and $1,506,000 at December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively, which is included in other liabilities in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. The Corporation has also purchased split-dollar life insurance policies for investment purposes and to fund other employee benefit plans. The combined cash values of these policies aggregated $17,830,000 and $17,351,000 at December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. 49 UNITED BANCSHARES, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTE 13 — EMPLOYEE AND DIRECTOR BENEFITS (Continued) Under an employee stock purchase plan, eligible employees may defer a portion of their compensation and use the proceeds to purchase stock of the Corporation at a discount determined semi-annually by the Board of Directors as stipulated in the plan. The Corporation sold from treasury 1,126 shares in 2017, 843 shares in 2016, and 715 shares in 2015 under the plan. The Chief Executive Officer of the Corporation has an employment agreement which provides for certain compensation and benefits should any triggering events occur, as specified in the agreement, including change of control or termination without cause. NOTE 14 — FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS WITH OFF-BALANCE SHEET RISK The Corporation is party to financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk in the normal course of business to meet the financing needs of its customers. These financial instruments are primarily loan commitments to extend credit and letters of credit. These instruments involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit risk in excess of the amounts recognized in the consolidated balance sheets. The contract amount of these instruments reflects the extent of involvement the Corporation has in these financial instruments. The Corporation’s exposure to credit loss in the event of the nonperformance by the other party to the financial instruments for loan commitments to extend credit and letters of credit is represented by the contractual amounts of these instruments. The Corporation uses the same credit policies in making loan commitments as it does for on-balance sheet loans. The following financial instruments whose contract amount represents credit risk were outstanding at December 31, 2017 and 2016: Contract amount 2017 2016 (in thousands) Commitments to extend credit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $126,885 $90,713 Letters of credit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 623 $ 310 Commitments to extend credit are agreements to lend to a customer as long as there is no violation of any condition established in the contract. Commitments generally have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses and may require payment of a fee. Since many of the commitments are expected to expire without being drawn upon, the total commitment amount does not necessarily represent future cash requirements. The Corporation evaluates each customer’s credit worthiness on a case-by-case basis. The amount of collateral obtained if deemed necessary by the Corporation upon extension of credit is based on management’s credit evaluation of the customer. Collateral held varies but may include accounts receivable, inventory, property, plant, and equipment, and income-producing commercial properties. Letters of credit are written conditional commitments issued by the Corporation to guarantee the performance of a customer to a third party and are reviewed for renewal at expiration. All of the letters of credit outstanding at December 31, 2017 expire in 2018. The credit risk involved in issuing letters of credit is essentially the same as that involved in extending loans to customers. The Corporation requires collateral supporting these commitments when deemed necessary. 50 UNITED BANCSHARES, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTE 15 — REGULATORY MATTERS The Corporation (on a consolidated basis) and Bank are subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by the federal and state banking agencies. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can initiate certain mandatory and possibly additional discretionary actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could have a direct material effect on the Corporation’s and Bank’s financial statements. Under capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, the Corporation and Bank must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of their assets, liabilities, and certain off-balance-sheet items as calculated under regulatory accounting practices. The capital amounts and classification are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components, risk weightings, and other factors. Prompt corrective action provisions are not applicable to bank holding companies. Quantitative measures established by regulation to ensure capital adequacy require the Corporation and Bank to maintain minimum amounts and ratios (set forth in the following table) of Common Equity Tier 1 Capital (CET1) to risk-weighted assets (as defined), total and Tier I capital (as defined) to risk-weighted assets (as defined), and of Tier I capital to average assets (as defined). Management believes, as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, that the Corporation and Bank meet all capital adequacy requirements to which they are subject. Furthermore, the Board of Directors of the Bank has adopted a resolution to maintain Tier I capital at or above 8% of total assets. As of December 31, 2017, the most recent notification from federal and state banking agencies categorized the Bank as “well capitalized” under the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action. To be categorized as “well capitalized”, an institution must maintain minimum CET1, total risk-based, Tier I risk-based and Tier I leverage ratios as set forth in the following table. There are no conditions or events since that notification that management believes have changed the Bank’s category. In July 2013 the U.S federal banking authorities approved the final rules (the “Basel III Capital Rules”) which established a new comprehensive capital framework for U.S. banking organizations. The Basel III Capital Rules have maintained the general structure of the current prompt corrective action framework, while incorporating provisions which will increase both the quality and quantity of the Bank’s capital. Generally, the Bank became subject to the new rules on January 1, 2015 with phase-in periods for many of the new provisions. Management believes the Bank is complying with the new capital requirements as they are phased-in. 51 UNITED BANCSHARES, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTE 15 — REGULATORY MATTERS (Continued) The actual capital amounts and ratios of the Corporation and Bank as of December 31, 2017 and 2016 are presented in the following table: Actual Minimum capital requirement Minimum to be well capitalized under prompt corrective action provisions Amount Ratio Amount Ratio Amount Ratio (Dollars in thousands) As of December 31, 2017 Common Equity Tier 1 Capital (CET1) (to Risk Weighted Assets)* Consolidated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $60,438 Bank . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $63,649 10.2% $26,765 10.7% $26,704 ≥4.5% N/A ≥4.5% $38,573 N/A 6.5% Total Capital (to Risk Weighted Assets) Consolidated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $63,273 Bank . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $66,559 10.6% $47,581 11.2% $47,474 ≥8.0% N/A ≥8.0% $59,343 N/A 10.0% Tier 1 Capital (to Risk weighted Assets) Consolidated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $60,438 Bank . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $63,649 10.2% $35,686 10.7% $35,606 ≥6.0% N/A ≥6.0% $47,474 N/A 8.0% Tier 1 Capital (to Average Assets) Consolidated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $60,438 Bank . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $63,649 9.2% $26,198 8.5% $29,838 ≥4.0% N/A ≥4.0% $37,298 N/A 5.0% As of December 31, 2016 Common Equity Tier 1 Capital (CET1) (to Risk Weighted Assets)* Consolidated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $75,273 Bank . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $73,559 Total Capital (to Risk Weighted Assets) 16.2% $20,912 15.9% $20,878 N/A ≥4.5% ≥4.5% $30,157 N/A 6.5% Consolidated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $78,618 Bank . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $76,959 16.9% $37,177 16.6% $37,116 ≥8.0% N/A ≥8.0% $46,395 N/A 10.0% Tier 1 Capital (to Risk weighted Assets) Consolidated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $75,273 Bank . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $73,559 16.2% $27,882 15.9% $27,837 ≥6.0% N/A ≥6.0% $37,116 N/A 8.0% Tier 1 Capital (to Average Assets) Consolidated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $75,273 12.5% $24,147 ≥4.0% N/A N/A Bank . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $73,559 12.0% $24,461 ≥4.0% $30,576 5.0% * CET1 is effective as of January 1, 2016 52 UNITED BANCSHARES, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTE 15 — REGULATORY MATTERS (Continued) On a parent company only basis, the Corporation’s primary source of funds is dividends paid by the Bank. The ability of the Bank to pay dividends is subject to limitations under various laws and regulations, and to prudent and sound banking principles. Generally, subject to certain minimum capital requirements, the Bank may declare dividends without the approval of the State of Ohio, Division of Financial Institutions (the “ODFI”), unless the total dividends in a calendar year exceed the total of the Bank’s net profits for the year combined with its retained profits of the two preceding years. NOTE 16 — CONDENSED PARENT COMPANY FINANCIAL INFORMATION A summary of condensed financial information of the parent company as of December 31, 2017 and 2016 and for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2017, is as follows: Condensed Balance Sheets Assets: 2017 2016 (in thousands) Cash . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Investment in bank subsidiary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 4,268 92,247 2,167 294 $ 83,950 1,222 Total assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $98,682 $85,466 Liabilities: Junior subordinated deferrable interest debentures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other borrowings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Shareholders’ equity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $12,840 10,000 138 22,978 75,704 $12,806 — 102 12,908 72,558 Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $98,682 $85,466 Condensed Statements of Income Income – dividends from bank subsidiary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Expenses – interest expense, professional fees and other expenses, 2017 2016 2015 (in thousands) $ 28,000 $2,575 $3,000 net of federal income tax benefit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (835) (703) (577) Income before equity in undistributed net income of bank subsidiary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27,165 Equity in undistributed net income of bank subsidiary . . . . . . . . . (23,319) 1,872 3,649 2,423 3,494 Net income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 3,846 $5,521 $5,917 53 UNITED BANCSHARES, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTE 16 — CONDENSED PARENT COMPANY FINANCIAL INFORMATION (Continued) Condensed Statements of Cash Flows Cash flows from operating activities: 2017 2016 2015 (in thousands) Net income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 3,846 $ 5,521 $ 5,917 Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: Equity in undistributed net income of bank subsidiary . . . . . 23,319 (3,649) (3,494) Depreciation and amortization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Loss on disposal of premises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (Increase) decrease in other assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Increase (decrease) in other liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 — (945) 14 39 91 17 32 59 — (53) (101) Net cash provided by operating activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26,268 2,051 2,328 Cash flows from investing activities: Acquisition of Benchmark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Proceeds from sale of premises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (30,752) — Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities . . . . . . . . . . . . (30,752) — 170 170 — — — Cash flows from financing activities: Proceeds from other borrowings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Purchase treasury stock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Proceeds from sale of treasury shares . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cash dividends paid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities . . . . . . . . Net increase (decrease) in cash . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cash at beginning of the year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,000 — 27 (1,569) 8,458 3,974 294 — (833) 18 (1,446) — (927) 14 (1,200) (2,261) (2,113) (40) 334 215 119 334 Cash at end of the year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 4,268 $ 294 $ During 2005, the Board of Directors approved a program whereby the Corporation purchases shares of its common stock in the open market. The decision to purchase shares, the number of shares to be purchased, and the price to be paid depends upon the availability of shares, prevailing market prices, and other possible considerations which may impact the advisability of purchasing shares. The Corporation purchased 43,665 shares in 2016 and 59,111 shares in 2015 (none in 2017) under the program. NOTE 17 — FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. A fair value measurement assumes that the transaction to sell the asset or transfer the liability occurs in the principal market for the asset or liability or, in the absence of a principal market, the most advantageous market for the asset or liability. The price in the principal (or most advantageous) market used to measure the fair value of the asset or liability shall not be adjusted for transaction costs. An orderly transaction is a transaction that assumes exposure to the market for a period prior to the measurement date to allow for marketing activities that are usual and customary for transactions involving such assets and liabilities; it is not a forced transaction. Market participants are buyers and sellers in the principal market that are independent, knowledgeable, and both able and willing to transact. 54 UNITED BANCSHARES, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTE 17 — FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS (Continued) FASB ASC 820-10, Fair Value Measurements (ASC 820-10) requires the use of valuation techniques that are consistent with the market approach, the income approach, and/or the cost approach. The market approach uses prices and other relevant information generated by market transactions involving identical or comparable assets and liabilities. The income approach uses valuation techniques to convert future amounts, such as cash flows or earnings, to a single present amount on a discounted basis. The cost approach is based on the amount that currently would be required to replace the service capacity of an asset (replacement cost). Valuation techniques should be consistently applied. Inputs to valuation techniques refer to the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. Inputs may be observable or unobservable. Observable inputs reflect the assumptions market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability developed based on market data obtained from independent sources. Unobservable inputs reflect the reporting entity’s own assumptions about the assumptions market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability developed based on the best information available in the circumstances. In that regard, ASC 820-10 establishes a fair value hierarchy for valuation inputs that gives the highest priority to quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs. The fair value hierarchy is as follows: Level 1 — Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the Corporation has the ability to access at the measurement date. Level 2 — Inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. Level 2 inputs include quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active; inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability; and inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data by correlation or other means. Level 3 — Unobservable inputs for the asset or liability for which there is little, if any, market activity at the measurement date. Unobservable inputs reflect the Corporation’s own assumptions about what market participants would use to price the asset or liability. The inputs are developed based on the best information available in the circumstances, which might include the Corporation’s own financial data such as internally developed pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies, as well as instruments for which the fair value determination requires significant management judgment. The following table summarizes financial assets (there were no financial liabilities) measured at fair value as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, segregated by the level of the valuation inputs within the fair value hierarchy utilized to measure fair value: 2017 Recurring: Level 1 inputs Level 2 inputs Level 3 inputs Total fair value (in thousands) Securities available-for-sale: Obligations of state and political subdivisions . . . . . . Mortgage-backed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mortgage servicing rights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total recurring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nonrecurring: Other real estate owned . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total nonrecurring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ — — 984 — $984 — $ — $ 67,979 100,463 2 — $168,444 $ — $ 67,979 100,463 986 1,270 $170,698 — — 1,270 $1,270 — 159 — $ 159 159 159 $ $ 55 UNITED BANCSHARES, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTE 17 — FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS (Continued) 2016 Recurring: Securities available-for-sale: Level 1 inputs Level 2 inputs Level 3 inputs Total fair value (in thousands) Obligations of state and political subdivisions . . . . . . Mortgage-backed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mortgage servicing rights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . — — 984 — $ 68,386 $2,238 $ 70,624 118,595 2 — — — 1,247 118,595 986 1,247 Total recurring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $984 $186,983 $3,485 $191,452 Nonrecurring: Impaired loans, net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other real estate owned . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total nonrecurring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ — — $ — $ $ — $1,899 578 — $ 1,899 578 — $2,477 $ 2,477 There was one security measured at fair value included in the Level 3 hierarchy during 2016 due to the lack of observable quotes in inactive markets for the instrument. The following table presents the changes in fair value for the security for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015. Securities valued using Level 3 inputs 2017 2016 2015 (in thousands) Balance at beginning of year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Principal payments received . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Changes in fair value . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 2,238 (2,238) — $2,389 (151) — Balance at end of year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ — $2,238 $2,536 (145) (2) $2,389 The table below presents a reconciliation and income statement classification of gains and losses for mortgage servicing rights, which is measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015: Mortgage Servicing Rights 2017 2016 2015 (in thousands) Balance at beginning of year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $1,247 $1,181 $1,218 Gains or losses, including realized and unrealized: Purchases, issuances, and settlements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Disposals – amortization based on loan payments and payoffs . . . . . Changes in fair value . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183 (129) (31) 273 (195) (12) 252 (552) 263 Balance at end of year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $1,270 $1,247 $1,181 A description of the valuation methodologies used for instruments measured at fair value, as well as the general classification of such instruments pursuant to the valuation hierarchy, and disclosure of unobservable inputs follows. In general, fair value is based upon quoted market prices, where available. If such quoted market prices are not available, fair value is based upon internally developed models that primarily use, as inputs, observable market-based parameters. Valuation adjustments may be made to ensure that financial 56 UNITED BANCSHARES, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTE 17 — FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS (Continued) instruments are recorded at fair value. These adjustments may include amounts to reflect counterparty credit quality, the Corporation’s creditworthiness, among other things, as well as unobservable parameters. Any such valuation adjustments are applied consistently over time. The Corporation’s valuation methodologies may produce a fair value calculation that may not be indicative of net realizable value or reflective of future fair values. While management believes the Corporation’s valuation methodologies are appropriate and consistent with other market participants, the use of different methodologies or assumptions to determine the fair value of certain financial instruments could result in a different estimate of fair value at the reporting date. Securities Available-for-Sale Where quoted prices are available in an active market, securities are classified within Level 1 of the valuation hierarchy. Level 1 securities would typically include government bonds and exchange traded equities. If quoted market prices are not available, then fair values are estimated using pricing models, quoted prices of securities with similar characteristics, or discounted cash flows. Examples of such instruments, which would generally be classified within Level 2 of the valuation hierarchy, include U.S. Government and agencies, municipal bonds, mortgage-backed securities, and asset-backed securities. In certain cases where there is limited activity or less transparency around inputs to the valuation, securities may be classified within Level 3 of the valuation hierarchy. Mortgage Servicing Rights The Corporation records mortgage servicing rights at estimated fair value based on a discounted cash flow model which includes discount rates between 9% and 11%, in addition to assumptions disclosed in Note 7 that are considered to be unobservable inputs. Due to the significance of the level 3 inputs, mortgage servicing rights have been classified as level 3. Impaired Loans The Corporation does not record impaired loans at fair value on a recurring basis. However, periodically, a loan is considered impaired and is reported at the fair value of the underlying collateral less estimated cost to sell, if repayment is expected solely from collateral. Collateral values are estimated using level 2 inputs, including recent appraisals and level 3 inputs based on customized discounting criteria such as additional appraisal adjustments to consider deterioration of value subsequent to appraisal date and estimated cost to sell. Additional appraisal adjustments range between 10% and 40% of appraised value, and estimated selling cost ranges between 10% and 20% of the adjusted appraised value. Due to the significance of the level 3 inputs, impaired loans fair values have been classified as level 3. Other Real Estate Owned The Corporation values other real estate owned at the estimated fair value of the underlying collateral less appraisal adjustments between 10% and 70% of appraised value, and expected selling costs between 10% and 20% of adjusted appraised value. Such values are estimated primarily using appraisals and reflect a market value approach. Due to the significance of the Level 3 inputs, other real estate owned has been classified as Level 3. Certain financial assets and financial liabilities are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis; that is, the instruments are not measured at fair value on an ongoing basis but are subject to fair value adjustments in certain circumstances, for example, when there is evidence of impairment. Financial assets and financial liabilities, excluding impaired loans and other real estate owned, measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis were not significant at December 31, 2017. 57 UNITED BANCSHARES, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTE 18 — FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS The carrying amounts and estimated fair values of recognized financial instruments at December 31, 2017 and 2016 are as follows: 2017 Carrying Amount Estimated Value Carrying Amount 2016 Estimated Value (in thousands) FINANCIAL ASSETS Cash and cash equivalents . . . . . . . . . . $ 27,274 $ 27,274 $ 14,186 $ 14,186 Securities, including FHLB stock . . . . . 174,730 174,730 195,035 195,035 Certificates of deposit . . . . . . . . . . . . . Loans held for sale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Net loans and leases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mortgage servicing rights . . . . . . . . . . . — 2,384 503,577 1,270 — 2,384 500,916 1,270 1,494 1,510 372,741 1,247 1,494 1,510 371,493 1,247 $709,235 $706,574 $586,213 $584,965 2017 Carrying Amount Estimated Value Carrying Amount 2016 Estimated Value (in thousands) $170,615 459,933 57,148 $168,914 459,933 57,096 $129,460 395,220 18,774 $128,592 395,220 18,774 FINANCIAL LIABILITIES Deposits Maturity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Non-maturity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other borrowings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Junior subordinated deferrable interest debentures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,840 9,790 12,806 9,295 $700,536 $695,733 $556,260 $551,881 Input Level 1 2,3 2 3 3 3 Input Level 3 1 3 3 The above summary does not include accrued interest receivable and cash surrender value of life insurance which are also considered financial instruments. The estimated fair value of such items is considered to be their carrying amounts, and would be considered Level 1 inputs. There are also unrecognized financial instruments at December 31, 2017 and 2016 which relate to commitments to extend credit and letters of credit. The contract amount of such financial instruments amounts to $127,508,000 at December 31, 2017 and $91,023,000 at December 31, 2016. Such amounts are also considered to be the estimated fair values. The following methods and assumptions were used to estimate the fair value of each class of financial instruments shown above: Cash and cash equivalents: Fair value is determined to be the carrying amount for these items (which include cash on hand, due from banks, and federal funds sold) because they represent cash or mature in 90 days or less and do not represent unanticipated credit concerns. 58 UNITED BANCSHARES, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTE 18 — FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS (Continued) Securities: Where quoted prices are available in an active market, securities are classified within Level 1 of the valuation hierarchy. Level 1 securities would typically include government bonds and exchange traded equities. If quoted market prices are not available, then fair values are estimated using pricing models, quoted prices of securities with similar characteristics, or discounted cash flows. Examples of such instruments, which would generally be classified within Level 2 of the valuation hierarchy, include municipal bonds, mortgage-backed securities, and asset-backed securities. In certain cases where there is limited activity or less transparency around inputs to the valuation, securities may be classified within Level 3 of the valuation hierarchy. The Corporation had one security that was classified as Level 3 at December 31, 2016 (none at December 31, 2017). Certificates of deposit: Carrying value of certificates of deposit estimates fair value. Loans and leases: Fair value for loans and leases was estimated for portfolios of loans and leases with similar financial characteristics. For adjustable rate loans, which re-price at least annually and generally possess low risk characteristics, the carrying amount is believed to be a reasonable estimate of fair value. For fixed rate loans the fair value is estimated based on a discounted cash flow analysis, considering weighted average rates and terms of the portfolio, adjusted for credit and interest rate risk inherent in the loans. Fair value for nonperforming loans is based on recent appraisals or estimated discounted cash flows. Mortgage servicing rights: The fair value for mortgage servicing rights is determined based on an analysis of the portfolio by an independent third party. Deposit liabilities: The fair value of core deposits, including demand deposits, savings accounts, and certain money market deposits, is the amount payable on demand. The fair value of fixed-maturity certificates of deposit is estimated using the rates offered at year end for deposits of similar remaining maturities. The estimated fair value does not include the benefit that results from the low-cost funding provided by the deposit liabilities compared to the cost of borrowing funds in the marketplace. Other financial instruments: The fair value of commitments to extend credit and letters of credit is determined to be the contract amount, since these financial instruments generally represent commitments at existing rates. The fair value of other borrowings is determined based on a discounted cash flow analysis using current interest rates. The fair value of the junior subordinated deferrable interest debentures is determined based on quoted market prices of similar instruments. The fair value estimates of financial instruments are made at a specific point in time based on relevant market information. These estimates do not reflect any premium or discount that could result from offering for sale at one time the entire holdings of a particular financial instrument over the value of anticipated future business and the value of assets and liabilities that are not considered financial instruments. Since no ready market exists for a significant portion of the financial instruments, fair value estimates are largely based on judgments after considering such factors as future expected credit losses, current economic 59 UNITED BANCSHARES, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTE 18 — FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS (Continued) conditions, risk characteristics of various financial instruments, and other factors. These estimates are subjective in nature and involve uncertainties and matters of significant judgment and therefore cannot be determined with precision. Changes in assumptions could significantly affect these estimates. NOTE 19 — LEASING ARRANGEMENTS The Corporation leases various branch facilities under operating leases. Rent expense was $111,000, $107,000, and $45,000 for the years 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively. The following is a schedule of future minimum rental payments required under the facility leases as of December 31, 2017: Year ending December 31 2018 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2019 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2020 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2021 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2022 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Amount (in thousands) $ 258 259 261 263 140 $1,181 NOTE 20 — STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION At the 2016 Annual Shareholders Meeting, the shareholders of the Corporation adopted the United Bancshares, Inc. 2016 Stock Option Plan (the “Plan”), which permits the Corporation to award non-qualified stock options to eligible participants. A total of 250,000 shares are available for issuance pursuant to the Plan. Under the Plan, the Corporation issued 30,151 options during 2017 at an exercise price of $21.70 and 33,352 options during 2016 at an exercise price of $19.32. Following is a summary of activity for stock options for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 (number of shares): Outstanding, beginning of year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Granted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Exercised . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Outstanding, end of year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2017 33,352 30,151 — 63,503 2016 — 33,352 — 33,352 Weighted average exercise price at end of year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 20.45 $ 19.32 The options vest over a three-year period on the anniversary of the date of grant. At December 31, 2017, 11,117 options were vested and outstanding options had a weighted average remaining contractual term of 6.28 years. 60 UNITED BANCSHARES, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTE 20 — STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION (Continued) The fair value of options granted is estimated at the date of grant using the Black Scholes option pricing model. Following are assumptions used in calculating the fair value of the options granted in 2017 and 2016: Weighted-average fair value of options granted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 7.35 $ 6.27 Average dividend yield . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.23% 2.31% Expected volatility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40.00% 40.00% Rick-free interest rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.06% 1.58% Expected term (years) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 7 2017 2016 Total compensation expense related to the stock options granted in 2016 is expected to be $209,000 and is being recognized ratably over the 36 month period beginning January 1, 2017. Total compensation expense related to the stock options granted in 2017 is expected to be $222,000 and is being recognized ratably over the 36 month period beginning August 1, 2017. Stock option expense for outstanding awards amounted to $100,000 for the year ended December 31, 2017. NOTE 21 — CONTINGENT LIABILITIES In the normal course of business, the Corporation and its subsidiary may be involved in various legal actions, but in the opinion of management and legal counsel, the ultimate disposition of such matters is not expected to have a material adverse effect on the consolidated financial statements. NOTE 22 — QUARTERLY FINANCIAL DATA (UNAUDITED) The following represents a summary of selected unaudited quarterly financial data for 2017 and 2016: 2017 First quarter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Second quarter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Third quarter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fourth quarter 2016 First quarter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Second quarter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Third quarter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fourth quarter Interest Income Net Interest Income Net Income Net Income Per Share Basic Diluted (in thousands, except share data) $5,468 $5,920 $6,484 $7,900 $5,245 $5,303 $5,541 $5,538 $4,859 $5,270 $5,708 $6,817 $4,731 $4,746 $4,961 $4,958 $1,394 $1,185 $ 402 $ 865 $1,307 $1,336 $1,378 $1,500 $0.43 $0.36 $0.12 $0.27 $0.40 $0.40 $0.42 $0.46 $0.43 $0.36 $0.12 $0.27 $0.40 $0.40 $0.42 $0.46 61 OFFICERS — UNITED BANCSHARES, INC. Brian D. Young — President/Chief Executive Officer Daniel J. Lucke — Chief Financial Officer Heather M. Oatman — Secretary OFFICERS — THE UNION BANK COMPANY Brian D. Young — President/CEO/Chairman Curtis E. Shepherd — Executive Vice President Daniel J. Lucke — Vice President/CFO Heather M. Oatman — Senior Vice President/Secretary Teresa M. Deitering — Senior Vice President John P. Miller — Senior Vice President Norman V. Schnipke — Senior Vice President Vice President Janice C. Acerro Dan M. Best Donna J. Brown Paul M. Cira Steven L. Floyd Vicky K. Gilbert Erin W. Hardesty Susan A. Hojnacki Mark G. Honigford Max E. Long Karen M. Maag Doris A. Neumeier Brent D. Nussbaum Kathi J. Amstutz Nancianne Carroll David M. Cornwell Thomas M. Cox Sony S. Dawson Chase H. Doll Adina S. Fugate Deborah A. Gaines Jason D. Goldsmith Christina J. Hegemier Machiel K. Hindall Richard A. Hirsch Laura M. Kitchen Michael E. Pultz Jason A. Recker Amy E. Reese Rosemarie Roman Ricardo Rosado Thomas J. Sansone Stephen G. Scherer David E. Stuthard J. Kevin Taylor Jason R. Thornell Paul A. Walker Vikki L. Williams Sarah E. Klausing Bart H. Mills Peter J. Rafaniello Sharon R. Sharpe Craig R. Stechschulte Theresa A. Stein-Moenter Stacia R. Thompson Matthew J. Tway Jarod M. VanWinkle Kimberly S. Verhoff Lori L. Watson Pamela J. Workman Assistant Vice President Officer Mary Jo Horstman Zachary P. Nycz Christopher D. Schuler Lacey A. Webb UNITED BANCSHARES, INC. Columbus Grove, Ohio DIRECTORS — UNITED BANCSHARES, INC. NAME Robert L. Benroth Putnam County Auditor AGE 55 DIRECTOR SINCE NAME 2003 Daniel W. Schutt Vice Chairman, Retired Banker James N. Reynolds Chairman, Retired Banker 80 2000 R. Steven Unverferth Chairman, Unverferth Manufacturing Corporation, Inc. H. Edward Rigel Farmer, Rigel Farms, Inc. David P. Roach Vice-President/GM, First Family Broadcasting of Ohio 75 67 2000 2001 Brian D. Young President/CEO DIRECTORS — THE UNION BANK COMPANY NAME Robert L. Benroth Putnam County Auditor AGE 55 DIRECTOR SINCE(a) NAME 2001 H. Edward Rigel Farmer, Rigel Farms, Inc. 52 2016 David P. Roach Vice-President/GM, First Family Broadcasting of Ohio AGE 70 DIRECTOR SINCE 2005 65 2005 51 2012 AGE 75 DIRECTOR SINCE(a) 1979 67 1997 Anthony M.V. Eramo Vice-President/Acct Relationship Mgr, McGuire Performance Solutions Herbert H. Huffman Retired — Educator Kevin L. Lammon Village Administrator, Village of Leipsic William R. Perry Farmer 67 63 1993 1996 59 1990 Robert M. Schulte, Sr. Businessman/Spherion Services Daniel W. Schutt Retired Banker R. Steven Unverferth Chairman, Unverferth Manufacturing Corporation, Inc. 85 70 1994 2005 65 1993 James N. Reynolds Retired Banker 80 1966 Brian D. Young President/CEO/Chairman 51 2008 (a) Indicates year first elected or appointed to the board of The Union Bank Company or any of the former affiliate banks, Bank of Leipsic or the Citizens Bank of Delphos. United Bancshares, Inc. Subsidiaries Exhibit 21 The Union Bank Company Ohio banking corporation Columbus Grove, Ohio United (OH) Statutory Trust I Connecticut statutory trust Columbus Grove, Ohio Ohio State Bancshares Capital Trust 1 Delaware statutory trust Acquired thru The OSB acquisition Columbus Grove, OH UBC Investments, Inc. — a wholly-owned subsidiary of The Union Bank Company Delaware Corporation Wilmington, Delaware UBC Property, Inc. — a wholly-owned subsidiary of The Union Bank Company Ohio Corporation Columbus Grove, Ohio Exhibit 23 CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM The Board of Directors United Bancshares, Inc. Columbus Grove, Ohio We consent to the incorporation by reference in the Registration Statement (No. 333-106929) on Form S-8 of United Bancshares, Inc. of our report dated March 2, 2018, relating to the consolidated balance sheets of United Bancshares, Inc. and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2017 and 2016 and the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, shareholders’ equity and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2017, which report is incorporated by reference in the December 31, 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K of United Bancshares, Inc. Toledo, Ohio March 2, 2018 Exhibit 31.1 CERTIFICATION — CEO In connection with the Annual Report of United Bancshares, Inc. on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Brian D. Young, President and Chief Executive Officer of United Bancshares, Inc., certify, that: (1) I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10-K of United Bancshares, Inc.; (2) Based on my knowledge, this annual report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this annual report; (3) Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this annual report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this annual report; (4) The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e), and internal control over financial reporting, as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f), for the registrant and we have: a. Designed such disclosure controls and procedures or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this annual report is being prepared; b. Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; c. Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and d. Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and (5) The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of registrant’s board of directors: a. All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize, and report financial information; and b. Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting. /s/ Brian D. Young Brian D. Young President and Chief Executive Officer March 2, 2018 Exhibit 31.2 CERTIFICATION — CFO In connection with the Annual Report of United Bancshares, Inc. on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Daniel J. Lucke, Chief Financial Officer of United Bancshares, Inc., certify, that: (1) I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10-K of United Bancshares, Inc.; (2) Based on my knowledge, this annual report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this annual report; (3) Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this annual report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this annual report; (4) The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e), and internal control over financial reporting, as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f), for the registrant and we have: a. Designed such disclosure controls and procedures or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this annual report is being prepared; b. Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; c. Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and d. Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and (5) The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of registrant’s board of directors: a. All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize, and report financial information; and b. Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting. /s/ Daniel J. Lucke Daniel J. Lucke Chief Financial Officer March 2, 2018 Exhibit 32.1 CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002 In connection with the Annual Report of United Bancshares, Inc. (the “Corporation”) on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Brian D. Young, Chief Executive Officer, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. §1350, as adopted pursuant to §906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to the best of my knowledge: (1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and (2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Corporation. /s/ Brian D. Young Brian D. Young Chief Executive Officer Date: March 2, 2018 * This certification is being furnished as required by Rule 13a-14(b) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”) and Section 1350 of Chapter 63 of Title 18 of the United States Code, and shall not be deemed “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Exchange Act or otherwise subject to the liability of that section. This certification shall not be deemed to be incorporated by reference into any filing under the Securities Act of 1933 or the Exchange Act, except as otherwise stated in such filing. Exhibit 32.2 CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002 In connection with the Annual Report of United Bancshares, Inc. (the “Corporation”) on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Daniel J. Lucke, Chief Financial Officer, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. §1350, as adopted pursuant to §906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to the best of my knowledge: (1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and (2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Corporation. /s/ Daniel J. Lucke Daniel J. Lucke Chief Financial Officer Date: March 2, 2018 * This certification is being furnished as required by Rule 13a-14(b) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”) and Section 1350 of Chapter 63 of Title 18 of the United States Code, and shall not be deemed “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Exchange Act or otherwise subject to the liability of that section. This certification shall not be deemed to be incorporated by reference into any filing under the Securities Act of 1933 or the Exchange Act, except as otherwise stated in such filing. Exhibit 99 SAFE HARBOR UNDER THE PRIVATE SECURITIES LITIGATION REFORM ACT OF 1995 The Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 (the “Act”) provides a “safe harbor” for forward-looking statements to encourage companies to provide prospective information about their companies, so long as those statements are identified as forward-looking and are accompanied by meaningful cautionary statements identifying important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those discussed in the statement. United Bancshares, Inc. (“Corporation”) desires to take advantage of the “safe harbor” provisions of the Act. Certain information, particularly information regarding future economic performance and finances and plans and objectives of management, contained or incorporated by reference in the Corporation’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017, is forward-looking. In some cases, information regarding certain important factors that could cause actual results of operations or outcomes of other events to differ materially from any such forward-looking statement appears together with such statement. In addition, forward-looking statements are subject to other risks and uncertainties affecting the financial institutions industry, including, but not limited to, the following: Interest Rate Risk The Corporation’s operating results are dependent to a significant degree on its net interest income, which is the difference between interest income from loans, investments and other interest-earning assets and interest expense on deposits, borrowings and other interest-bearing liabilities. The interest income and interest expense of the Corporation change as the interest rates on interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities change. Interest rates may change because of general economic conditions, the policies of various regulatory authorities and other factors beyond the Corporation’s control. In a rising interest rate environment, loans tend to prepay slowly and new loans at higher rates increase slowly, while interest paid on deposits increases rapidly because the terms to maturity of deposits tend to be shorter than the terms to maturity or prepayment of loans. Such differences in the adjustment of interest rates on assets and liabilities may negatively affect the Corporation’s income. Possible Inadequacy of the Allowance for Loan Losses The Corporation maintains an allowance for loan losses based upon a number of relevant factors, including, but not limited to, trends in the level of non-performing assets and classified loans, current economic conditions in the primary lending area, past loss experience, possible losses arising from specific problem loans and changes in the composition of the loan portfolio. While the Board of Directors of the Corporation believes that it uses the best information available to determine the allowance for loan losses, unforeseen market conditions could result in material adjustments, and net earnings could be significantly adversely affected if circumstances differ substantially from the assumptions used in making the final determination. Loans not secured by one-to-four family residential real estate are generally considered to involve greater risk of loss than loans secured by one- to four-family residential real estate due, in part, to the effects of general economic conditions. The repayment of multifamily residential, nonresidential real estate and commercial loans generally depends upon the cash flow from the operation of the property or business, which may be negatively affected by national and local economic conditions. Construction loans may also be negatively affected by such economic conditions, particularly loans made to developers who do not have a buyer for a property before the loan is made. The risk of default on consumer loans increases during periods of recession, high unemployment and other adverse economic conditions. When consumers have trouble paying their bills, they are more likely to pay mortgage loans than consumer loans. In addition, the collateral securing such loans, if any, may decrease in value more rapidly than the outstanding balance of the loan. Competition The Corporation competes for deposits with other savings associations, commercial banks and credit unions and issuers of commercial paper and other securities, such as shares in money market mutual funds. The primary factors in competing for deposits are interest rates and convenience of office location. In making loans, the Corporation competes with other commercial banks, savings associations, consumer finance companies, credit unions, leasing companies, mortgage companies and other lenders. Competition is affected by, among other things, the general availability of lendable funds, general and local economic conditions, current interest rate levels and other factors that are not readily predictable. The size of financial institutions competing with the Corporation is likely to increase as a result of changes in statutes and regulations eliminating various restrictions on interstate and inter-industry branching and acquisitions. Such increased competition may have an adverse effect upon the Corporation. Legislation and Regulation that may Adversely Affect the Corporation’s Earnings The Corporation is subject to extensive regulation by the State of Ohio, Division of Financial Institutions (the “ODFI”), the Federal Reserve Bank (the “FED”), and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (the “FDIC”) and is periodically examined by such regulatory agencies to test compliance with various regulatory requirements. Such supervision and regulation of the Corporation and the bank are intended primarily for the protection of depositors and not for the maximization of shareholder value and may affect the ability of the company to engage in various business activities. The assessments, filing fees and other costs associated with reports, examinations and other regulatory matters are significant and may have an adverse effect on the Corporation’s net earnings.