Quarterlytics / Financial Services / Banks - Regional / Timberland Bancorp, Inc.

Timberland Bancorp, Inc.

tsbk · NASDAQ Financial Services
Claim this profile
Ticker tsbk
Exchange NASDAQ
Sector Financial Services
Industry Banks - Regional
Employees 274
← All annual reports
FY2016 Annual Report · Timberland Bancorp, Inc.
Sign in to download
Loading PDF…
PLANT 
YOUR

FutureHERE

2016 Annual Report

Hoquiam 

624 Simpson Ave.

Hoquiam, WA  98550

(360) 533-4747

Ocean Shores 

361 Damon Rd. 

Toledo

101 Ramsey Way

Toledo, WA 98591

(360) 864-6102

Winlock

209 NE 1st St. 

Ocean Shores, WA  98569

Winlock, WA 98596

(360) 289-2476

(360) 785-3552

Downtown Aberdeen 

Chehalis

117 N. Broadway 

Aberdeen, WA 98520

(360) 533-4500

South Aberdeen 

300 N. Boone St. 

Aberdeen, WA 98520

(360) 533-6440

Montesano 

210 S. Main St.

Montesano, WA 98563

(360) 249-4021

Elma

313 W. Waldrip 

Elma, WA 98541

(360) 482-3333

714 W. Main St.

Chehalis, WA 98532

(360) 740-0770

Tumwater 

801 Trosper Rd. SW 

Tumwater, WA 98512

(360) 705-2863 

Olympia

423 Washington St. SE

Olympia, WA 98501

(360) 943-5496 

Panorama

1751 Circle Lane SE

Lacey, WA 98503

(360) 413-3891

www.timberlandbank.com

Lacey

1201 Marvin Rd. NE

Lacey, WA 98516

(360) 438-1400

Yelm 

101 Yelm Ave. W.

Yelm, WA 98597

(360) 458-2221

Bethel Station

2419 224th St. E.

Tacoma 

7805 S. Hosmer St. 

Tacoma, WA 98408

(253) 472-4465

Gig Harbor 

3105 Judson St.

Gig Harbor, WA 98335 

(253) 851-1188

Silverdale

2401 NW Bucklin Hill Rd.

Spanaway, WA 98387

Silverdale, WA 98383

(253) 875-4250

(360) 337-7727

Puyallup (South Hill)

Poulsbo 

12814 Meridian E.

Puyallup, WA 98373

(253) 841-4980

20464 Viking Way NW

Poulsbo, WA 98370 

(360) 598-5801

Edgewood (North Hill)

2418 Meridian E. 

Edgewood, WA 98371

(253) 845-0999

Auburn

202 Auburn Way S.

Auburn, WA 98002

(253) 804-6177

Gig Harbor

Aberdeen
(2 branches)

Lewis

Winlock

Toledo

Elma

Lacey
(2 branches)

Chehalis

Dear Fellow Shareholders of Timberland Bancorp, Inc.:

On behalf of the Directors and Employees of Timberland Bancorp, Inc. and its subsidiary, 
Timberland Bank, it is my privilege to invite you to attend the annual meeting for our fiscal 
year ended September 30, 2016.  The meeting will be convened on January 24, 2017 at the 
Polson Museum located at 1611 Riverside in Hoquiam, Washington.  The meeting will begin 
promptly at 1:00 p.m.  During the meeting we will review the Company’s operating results for 
the recently concluded fiscal year, conduct an election of Directors, vote on other matters 
described in the proxy statement and respond to questions from the meeting’s attendees.  

While I encourage you to review the contents of the attached Form 10-K prior to the meeting 
to acquaint yourself with the Company’s financial performance for its 2016 fiscal year, I will 
take the liberty of extracting certain financial information from that document and inserting 
it below.  However, before I embark on that path I want to mention the culture of service we 
have continued to build and cultivate throughout our organization.  It is a culture that is 
clearly documented by the question we consistently ask our customers, “How can we help you?”  It is a question we will continue 
to ask and the answers received will, we are certain, result in ongoing enhancements to the products and services we provide to 
our customers in the communities we serve.  We look forward to expanding our customer base while continuing to diligently 
serve our current customers during the many years to come.    

Michael R. Sand

In terms of the Company’s fiscal 2016 financial performance I can report to you that it was a year of growth, record net income 
and significant increases in numerous financial metrics.  Compared to our 2015 fiscal year we achieved the following:

• Increased net income available to common shareholders 22% to $10.15 million

• Increased earnings per diluted common share 22% to $1.43 

• Increased return on equity 13% to 11.00% from 9.70%

• Increased return on assets 11% to 1.19% from 1.07%

• Increased net interest margin to 3.88% from 3.80%

• Improved the efficiency ratio to 63.89% from 70.22%

The increases in these financial metrics were the result of the Company:

• Increasing net interest income by 13%

• Increasing non-interest income by 14%

• Managing the increase in non-interest expense to approximately 3%

• Growing the Company to $891.4 million in assets

• Decreasing non-performing assets by 48% to .88% of total assets 

During the fiscal year the book value per common share increased 9% to $13.95 and tangible book value per common share 
increased 10% to $13.13.

We continue to operate with a seasoned and capable staff, of whom I am exceedingly proud, in a growing and vibrant Pacific 
Northwest economy where we see significant current and future opportunities.    Thank you for participating in our success as a 
shareholder of the Company.  Please make plans to attend our annual meeting at the historic Polson Museum.  We look forward 
to visiting with you there and wish you the best this holiday season.

Sincerely,

Michael R. Sand
President and CEO

FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS
TIMBERLAND BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY

The following table presents selected financial information concerning the consolidated financial position and results of operations of 
Timberland Bancorp, Inc. ("Company") at and for the dates indicated.  The consolidated data is derived in part from, and should  be 
read in conjunction with, the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Company and its subsidiary presented herein.  (Dollars in 
thousands except share data)

Total Assets

$891,388

$815,815

$745,565

2016 

2015 

2014

Loans Receivable, Net

$663,146

$604,277

$564,853

2016 

2015 

2014

Total Deposits

$761,534

$678,912

$615,116

SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
Total Assets 
Loans Receivable, Net 
Total Deposits 
Shareholders’ Equity

OPERATING DATA
Interest and Dividend Income
Interest Expense
  Net Interest Income
Recapture of Loan Losses
     Net Interest Income after Recapture of Loan Losses
Non-Interest Income
Non-Interest Expense 

Income before Income Taxes
Provision for Federal Income Taxes
Net Income
Preferred Stock Dividends 
Preferred Stock Discount Accretion
Net Income to Common Shareholders

NET INCOME PER COMMON SHARE
Basic
Diluted

2016 

2015 

2014

Net Income

$10,154

$8,292

KEY FINANCIAL RATIOS
Return on Average Assets 
Return on Average Equity 
Net Interest Margin 
Efficiency Ratio 
Non-Performing Assets to Total Assets (1) 
Total Equity-to-Assets 

$5,850

__________________

September 30,

2016

2015

2014

$  891,388
663,146
761,534
96,834

$  815,815
604,277
678,912
89,187

$  745,565
564,853
615,116
82,778

$ 

$ 

$ 

34,875
4,072
30,803
–
30,803
10,889
26,637
15,055
4,901
10,154
–
–
10,154

1.48
1.43

$ 

$ 

$ 

31,168
3,890
27,278
(1,525)
28,803
9,522
25,841
12,484
4,192
8,292
–
–
8,292

1.20
1.17

$ 

$ 

$ 

29,857
3,939
25,918
–
25,918
8,530
25,798
8,650
2,800
5,850
(136)
(70)
5,644

0.82
0.80

1.19% 

    11.00 
3.88 
63.89 
0.88 
10.86 

1.07% 
9.70 
3.80 
70.22 
1.84 
10.93 

0.79%
7.08
3.84
74.89
2.94
11.10

2016 

2015 

2014

(1) Non-performing assets include non-accrual loans, loans past due 90 days or more and still accruing,
      non-accrual investment securities, other real estate owned and other repossessed assets.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2016 FORM 10-K

We have included our Form 10-K, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, 
with our annual report to give you more complete information about our Company.  A table 
of contents can be found facing page one.

Written requests to obtain a copy of any exhibit listed in Part IV should be sent to 
Timberland Bancorp, Inc., 624 Simpson Avenue, Hoquiam, Washington 98550, attention: 
Investor Relations Department.

[ THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK ]

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

[X] ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

  For the Fiscal Year Ended September 30, 2016                                                      OR

[   ]

TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF
1934

Commission File Number: 0-23333

TIMBERLAND BANCORP, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Washington
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)

91-1863696
(I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)

624 Simpson Avenue, Hoquiam, Washington
             (Address of principal executive offices)

98550
(Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code:

(360) 533-4747

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

  Common Stock, par value $.01 per share
 (Title of Each Class)

 The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC
(Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:

None

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities     

Act.    YES            NO    X

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the  

Act.     YES           NO    X    

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities 
Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), 
and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.  YES   X      NO      

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every 
Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the 
preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files)   YES   X    NO      

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (§229.405 of this chapter) is 

not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements 
incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K.         

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a 
smaller reporting company.  See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in 
Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act:

Large accelerated filer        
Non-accelerated filer          

Accelerated filer     X    
Smaller reporting company       

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act).  YES         NO    X  

As of November 30, 2016, the registrant had 6,951,468 shares of common stock issued and outstanding.  The aggregate 

market value of the common stock held by nonaffiliates of the registrant, based on the closing sales price of the registrant’s common 
stock as quoted on the NASDAQ Global Market on March 31, 2016, was $82.9 million (6,558,531 shares at $12.64).  For purposes of 
this calculation, common stock held by officers and directors of the registrant was excluded.

1.   Portions of Definitive Proxy Statement for the 2017 Annual Meeting of Shareholders (Part III).

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TIMBERLAND BANCORP, INC.
2016 ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM 10-K
TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I.

Item 1.

Business

General
Corporate Overview
Market Area
Lending Activities
Investment Activities
Deposit Activities and Other Sources of Funds
Bank Owned Life Insurance
How We Are Regulated
Taxation
Competition
Subsidiary Activities
Personnel
Executive Officers of the Registrant

Item 1A. Risk Factors
Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments 
Item 2.
Item 3.     Legal Proceedings
Item 4.     Mine Safety Disclosures

Properties

PART II.

Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
Item 6.
Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Selected Financial Data

General
Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
New Accounting Pronouncements
Operating Strategy
Market Risk and Asset and Liability Management
Comparison of Financial Condition at September 30, 2016 and September 30, 2015
Comparison of Operating Results for Years Ended September 30, 2016 and 2015
Comparison of Operating Results for Years Ended September 30, 2015 and 2014
Average Balances, Interest and Average Yields/Cost
Rate/Volume Analysis
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Effect of Inflation and Changing Prices

Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Item 8.
Item 9.
Item 9A. Controls and Procedures
Item 9B. Other Information

Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure

PART III.

Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance
Item 11. Executive Compensation
Item 12.
Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence
Item 14. Principal Accounting Fees and Services

Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters

PART IV.

Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules
Item 16. Form 10-K Summary

Page

3
3
3
5
21
22
24
24
32
32
32
32
33
34
43
44
45
45

46
48
51
51
51
52
52
52
53
55
57
59
60
62
62
63
64
64
119
119
121

121
121
121
122
122

123
123

As used throughout this report, the terms "we," "our," or "us," refer to Timberland Bancorp, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiary, 
unless the context otherwise requires.

2

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Item 1.  Business

General

PART I

Timberland  Bancorp,  Inc.  (“Timberland  Bancorp"  or  the  "Company”),  a Washington  corporation,  was  organized  on 
September 8, 1997 for the purpose of becoming the holding company for Timberland Savings Bank, SSB (the “Bank”) upon the 
Bank’s  conversion  from  a  Washington-chartered  mutual  savings  bank  to  a  Washington-chartered  stock  savings  bank 
(“Conversion”).  The  Conversion  was  completed  on  January  12,  1998  through  the  sale  and  issuance  of  13,225,000  shares  of 
common stock by the Company.  At September 30, 2016, on a consolidated basis, the Company had total assets of $891.4 million, 
total deposits of $761.5 million and total shareholders’ equity of $96.8 million.  The Company’s business activities generally are 
limited to passive investment activities and oversight of its investment in the Bank.  Accordingly, the information set forth in this 
report, including consolidated financial statements and related data, relates primarily to the Bank and its subsidiary, Timberland 
Service Corporation.

The Bank was established in 1915 as “Southwest Washington Savings and Loan Association.”  In 1935, the Bank converted 
from a state-chartered mutual savings and loan association to a federally chartered mutual savings and loan association, and in 
1972,  changed  its  name  to  “Timberland  Federal  Savings  and  Loan Association.”  In  1990,  the  Bank  converted  to  a  federally 
chartered mutual savings bank under the name “Timberland Savings Bank, FSB.”  In 1991, the Bank converted to a Washington-
chartered mutual savings bank and changed its name to “Timberland Savings Bank, SSB.”  On December 29, 2000, the Bank 
changed its name to “Timberland Bank.”  The Bank’s deposits are insured up to applicable legal limits by the Federal Deposit 
Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”).  The Bank has been a member of the Federal Home Loan Bank System since 1937.  The Bank 
is regulated by the Washington Department of Financial Institutions, Division of Banks (“Division” or “DFI”) and the FDIC. The 
Company is regulated by the Federal Reserve Board ("Federal Reserve").

The Bank is a community-oriented bank which has traditionally offered a variety of savings products to its retail customers 
while concentrating its lending activities on real estate mortgage loans and commercial business loans.  Lending activities have 
historically been focused primarily on the origination of loans secured by real estate, including construction, one- to four-family 
residential, multi-family, commercial real estate and land loans.  

The  Company  maintains  a  website  at  www.timberlandbank.com.  The  information  contained  on  that  website  is  not 
included as a part of, or incorporated by reference into, this Annual Report on Form 10-K.  Other than an investor’s own internet 
access charges, the Company makes available free of charge through that website the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, 
quarterly reports on Form 10-Q and current reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to these reports, as soon as reasonably practicable 
after these materials have been electronically filed with, or furnished to, the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”).

Corporate Overview

Preferred Stock Received in the Troubled Asset Relief Program (“TARP”) Capital Purchase Program (“CPP”).  On 
December  23,  2008,  the  Company  received  $16.64  million  from  the  U.S. Treasury  Department  ("Treasury")  as  a  part  of  the 
Treasury's CPP, which was established as part of the TARP.  The Company sold 16,641 shares of Fixed Rate Cumulative Perpetual 
Preferred Stock, Series A ("Series A Preferred Stock"), with a liquidation value of $1,000 per share and a related warrant to purchase 
370,899 shares of the Company's common stock at an exercise price of $6.73 per share (subject to anti-dilution adjustments) at 
any time through December 23, 2018.  

During the years ended September 30, 2014 and 2013, the Company purchased and retired all of its outstanding Series 
A Preferred Stock.  On June 12, 2013, the Treasury sold, to private investors, the warrant to purchase 370,899 shares of the 
Company's common stock.  The sale of the warrant to new owners did not result in any proceeds to the Company and did not 
change the Company's capital position or accounting for the warrant.

Market Area

The Bank considers Grays Harbor, Pierce, Thurston, Kitsap, King and Lewis counties, Washington as its primary market 

areas.  The Bank conducts operations from:

• 

its main office in Hoquiam (Grays Harbor County);

3

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

five branch offices in Grays Harbor County (Ocean Shores, Montesano, Elma and two branches in 
Aberdeen);

five branch offices in Pierce County (Edgewood, Puyallup, Spanaway, Tacoma and Gig Harbor);

five branch offices in Thurston County (Olympia, Yelm, Tumwater and two branches in Lacey);

two branch offices in Kitsap County (Poulsbo and Silverdale);

a branch office in King County (Auburn); and

three branch offices in Lewis County (Winlock, Toledo and Chehalis).

For additional information, see “Item 2. Properties.”

Hoquiam, with a population of approximately 8,400, is located in Grays Harbor County which is situated along Washington 
State’s  central  Pacific  coast.  Hoquiam  is  located  approximately  110  miles  southwest  of  Seattle,  Washington  and  145  miles 
northwest of Portland, Oregon.

The Bank considers its primary market area to include six sub-markets: primarily rural Grays Harbor County with its 
historical dependence on the timber and fishing industries; Thurston and Kitsap counties with their dependence on state and federal 
government; Pierce and King counties with their broadly diversified economic bases; and Lewis County with its dependence on 
retail  trade,  manufacturing,  industrial  services  and  local  government.  Each  of  these  markets  presents  operating  risks  to  the 
Bank.  The Bank’s expansion into Pierce, Thurston, Kitsap, King and Lewis counties represents the Bank’s strategy to diversify 
its primary market area to become less reliant on the economy of Grays Harbor County.

Grays Harbor County has a population of 71,100 according to the United States ("U.S.") Census Bureau 2015 estimates 
and a median family income of $55,600 according to 2016 estimates from the Department of Housing and Urban Development 
(“HUD”).  The economic base in Grays Harbor County has been historically dependent on the timber and fishing industries.  Other 
industries that support the economic base are tourism, agriculture, shipping, transportation and technology.  According to the 
Washington  State  Employment  Security  Department,  the  unemployment  rate  in  Grays  Harbor  County  increased  to  8.2%  at 
September 30, 2016 from 7.8% at September 30, 2015.  The median price of a resale home in Grays Harbor County for the quarter 
ended September 30, 2016 decreased 1.3% to $141,800 from $143,700 for the comparable prior year period.  The number of home 
sales increased 22.7% for the quarter ended September 30, 2016 compared to the same quarter one year earlier.  The Bank has six 
branches (including its home office) located throughout the county.  

Pierce County is the second most populous county in the state and has a population of 844,000 according to the U.S. 
Census Bureau 2015 estimates.  The county’s median family income is $72,300 according to 2016 HUD estimates.  The economy 
in  Pierce  County  is  diversified  with  the  presence  of  military  related  government  employment  (Joint  Base  Lewis-McChord), 
transportation and shipping employment (Port of Tacoma), and aerospace related employment.  According to the Washington State 
Employment Security Department, the unemployment rate for the Pierce County area increased to 6.0% at September 30, 2016
from 5.7% at September 30, 2015.  The median price of a resale home in Pierce County for the quarter ended September 30, 2016
increased 3.9% to $264,200 from $254,300 for the comparable prior year period.  The number of home sales increased 18.8% for 
the quarter ended September 30, 2016 compared to the same quarter one year earlier.  The Bank has five branches in Pierce County, 
and these branches have historically been responsible for a substantial portion of the Bank’s construction lending activities. 

Thurston County has a population of 270,000 according to the U.S. Census Bureau 2015 estimates and a median family 
income of $73,600 according to 2016 HUD estimates.  Thurston County is home of Washington State’s capital (Olympia), and its 
economic base is largely driven by state government related employment.  According to the Washington State Employment Security 
Department,  the  unemployment  rate  for  the  Thurston  County  area  increased  to  5.7%  at  September 30,  2016  from  5.4%  at 
September 30, 2015.  The median price of a resale home in Thurston County for the quarter ended September 30, 2016 increased 
0.2% to $257,700 from $257,100 for the same quarter one year earlier.  The number of home sales increased 26.6% for the quarter 
ended September 30, 2016 compared to the same quarter one year earlier.  The Bank has five branches in Thurston County.  This 
county has historically had a stable economic base primarily attributable to the state government presence.

Kitsap County has a population of 260,000 according to the U.S. Census Bureau 2015 estimates and a median family 
income of $78,100 according to 2016 HUD estimates.  The Bank has two branches in Kitsap County.  The economic base of Kitsap 
County is largely supported by military related government employment through the U.S. Navy.  According to the Washington 
State Employment Security Department, the unemployment rate for the Kitsap County area increased to 5.7% at September 30, 
2016 from 5.0% at September 30, 2015.  The median price of a resale home in Kitsap County for the quarter ended September 30, 

4

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2016 decreased 0.8% to $267,100 from $269,200 for the same quarter one year earlier.  The number of home sales increased 11.5%
for the quarter ended September 30, 2016 compared to the same quarter one year earlier.  

King County is the most populous county in the state and has a population of 2.1 million according to the U.S. Census 
Bureau 2015 estimates.  The Bank has one branch in King County.  The county’s median family income is $90,300 according to 
2016  HUD  estimates.  King  County’s  economic  base  is  diversified  with  many  industries  including  shipping,  transportation, 
aerospace,  computer  technology  and  biotech.  According  to  the  Washington  State  Employment  Security  Department,  the 
unemployment rate for the King County area increased to 4.0% at September 30, 2016 from 3.9% at September 30, 2015.  The 
median price of a resale home in King County for the quarter ended September 30, 2016 increased 12.5% to $552,400 from 
$491,000 for the same quarter one year earlier.  The number of home sales increased 14.0% for the quarter ended September 30, 
2016 compared to the same quarter one year earlier.  

Lewis County has a population of 76,000 according to the U.S. Census Bureau 2015 estimates and a median family 
income of $55,600 according to 2016 HUD estimates.  The economic base in Lewis County is supported by manufacturing, retail 
trade,  local  government  and  industrial  services.  According  to  the  Washington  State  Employment  Security  Department,  the 
unemployment rate in Lewis County increased to 7.7% at September 30, 2016 from 7.1% at September 30, 2015. The median 
price of a resale home in Lewis County for the quarter ended September 30, 2016 increased 12.1% to $180,200 from $160,800
for the same quarter one year earlier.  The number of home sales increased 5.0% for the quarter ended September 30, 2016 compared 
to the same quarter one year earlier.  The Bank currently has three branches located in Lewis County.  

Lending Activities

General.  Historically, the principal lending activity of the Bank has consisted of the origination of loans secured by first 
mortgages on owner-occupied, one- to four-family residences, or by commercial real estate and loans for the construction of one- 
to four-family residences.  The Bank’s net loans receivable totaled $663.1 million at September 30, 2016, representing 74.4% of 
consolidated total assets, and at that date commercial real estate, construction (including undisbursed loans in process), and land 
loans were $457.3 million, or 63.2% of total loans.  In addition, multi-family loans totaled $62.3 million, or 8.6% of total loans 
at September 30, 2016.  Commercial real estate, construction, multi-family, and land loans typically have higher rates of return 
than one- to four-family loans; however, they also present a higher degree of risk.  

The Bank’s internal loan policy limits the maximum amount of loans to one borrower to 20% of its capital plus surplus.  
According to the Washington Administrative Code, capital and surplus are defined as a bank's Tier 1 capital, Tier 2 capital and 
the balance of a bank's allowance for loan losses not included in the bank's Tier 2 capital as reported in the bank's call report.  At 
September 30, 2016, the maximum amount which the Bank could have lent to any one borrower and the borrower’s related entities 
was approximately $20.1 million under this policy.  At September 30, 2016, the largest amount outstanding to any one borrower 
and the borrower’s related entities was $16.9 million (including $1.3 million in undisbursed loans in process), which was secured 
by commercial buildings located in Pierce and Kitsap counties.  These loans were all performing according to their loan repayment 
terms at September 30, 2016.  The next largest amount outstanding to any one borrower and the borrower’s related entities was 
$14.2 million (including $374,000 in undisbursed loans in process).  These loans were secured by one- to four-family properties, 
multi-family properties, and a multi-family construction project; all of which were located in Pierce and Lewis counties and were 
performing according to their loan repayment terms at September 30, 2016. 

5

 
 
 
 
Loan Portfolio Analysis.  The following table sets forth the composition of the Bank’s loan portfolio by type of loan at the dates indicated.

2016

2015

2014

2013

2012

Amount

Percent

Amount

Percent

Amount

Percent

Amount

Percent

Amount

Percent

(Dollars in thousands)

At September 30,

$ 118,560

16.38% $ 116,664

17.42% $ 97,635

16.10% $ 102,387

17.73% $ 105,552

18.62%

Mortgage Loans:

One- to four-family(1)

Multi-family

Commercial

Construction - custom and owner/builder

Construction - speculative one-to four-family

Construction - commercial
Construction - multi-family
Construction - land development

Land

62,303

312,525

93,049

8,106

9,365
12,590
—

21,627

8.61

43.18

12.86

1.12

1.29
1.74
—

2.99

52,322

291,216

62,954

6,668

20,728
20,570
—

26,140

7.81

43.47

9.40

1.00

3.09
3.07
—

3.90

Total mortgage loans

638,125

88.16

597,262

89.16

6

Consumer Loans:

Home equity and second mortgage
Other

Total consumer loans

Commercial business loans

Total loans

39,727
4,139
43,866

41,837

5.49
0.57
6.06

5.78

34,157
4,669
38,826

33,763

5.10
0.70
5.80

5.04

46,206

294,354

59,752

2,577

3,310
2,840
—

29,589

536,263

34,921
4,699
39,620

30,559

7.62

48.54

9.85

0.42

0.55
0.47
—

4.88

88.43

5.76
0.77
6.53

5.04

51,108

291,297

40,811

1,428

2,239
143
515

31,144

521,072

33,014
5,981
38,995

17,499

8.85

50.44

47,521

256,254

7.07

0.24

0.39
0.01
0.09

5.39

33,345

1,880

20,247
345
589

39,655

8.38

45.20

5.88

0.33

3.57
0.07
0.10

6.99

90.21

505,388

89.14

5.72
1.04
6.76

3.03

32,814
6,183
38,997

22,588

5.79
1.09
6.88

3.98

723,828

100.00% 669,851

100.00% 606,442

100.00% 577,566

100.00% 566,973

100.00%

Less:

Undisbursed portion of construction loans in

process

Deferred loan origination fees

Allowance for loan losses

Total loans receivable, net

(48,627)

(2,229)

(9,826)

$ 663,146

(53,457)
(2,193)
(9,924)
$ 604,277

(29,416)
(1,746)
(10,427)
  $ 564,853

(18,527)

(1,710)

(11,136)

(16,325)

(1,770)

(11,825)

  $ 546,193

  $ 537,053

______________
(1) 

Does not include loans held-for-sale of $3.6 million, $3.1 million, $899,000, $1.9 million and $1.4 million at September 30, 2016, 2015, 2014, 2013 and 2012, 
respectively.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Residential  One-  to  Four-Family  Lending.  At  September 30,  2016,  $118.6  million,  or  16.4%,  of  the  Bank’s  loan 
portfolio consisted of loans secured by one- to four-family residences.  The Bank originates both fixed-rate loans and adjustable-
rate loans.

Generally, one- to four-family fixed-rate loans and five and seven year balloon reset loans (which are loans that are 
originated with a fixed interest rate for the initial five or seven years, and thereafter incur one interest rate change in which the 
new rate remains in effect for the remainder of the loan term) are originated to meet the requirements for sale in the secondary 
market to the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation ("Freddie Mac").  From time to time, however, a portion of these fixed-
rate loans and five and seven year balloon reset loans may be retained in the loan portfolio to meet the Bank’s asset/liability 
management objectives. The Bank uses an automated underwriting program, which preliminarily qualifies a loan as conforming 
to Freddie Mac underwriting standards when the loan is originated.  At September 30, 2016, $29.6 million, or 24.6%, of the Bank’s 
one- to four-family loan portfolio consisted of fixed-rate and five and seven year balloon reset mortgage loans.

The Bank also offers adjustable-rate mortgage (“ARM”) loans.  All of the Bank’s ARM loans are retained in its loan 
portfolio.  The Bank offers several ARM products which adjust annually after an initial period ranging from one to five years and 
are typically subject to a limitation on the annual interest rate increase of 2% and an overall limitation of 6%.  These ARM products 
generally are priced utilizing the weekly average yield on one year U.S. Treasury securities adjusted to a constant maturity of one 
year plus a margin of 2.88% to 4.00%.  The Bank also offers ARM loans tied to The Wall Street Journal prime lending rate ("Prime 
Rate") or to the London Inter-Bank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) indices which typically do not have periodic or lifetime adjustment 
limits.  Loans tied to these indices normally have margins ranging up to 3.5%.  ARM loans held in the Bank’s portfolio do not 
permit negative amortization of principal.  Borrower demand for ARM loans versus fixed-rate mortgage loans is a function of the 
level of interest rates, the expectations of changes in the level of interest rates and the difference between the initial interest rates 
and fees charged for each type of loan.  The relative amount of fixed-rate mortgage loans and ARM loans that can be originated 
at any time is largely determined by the demand for each in a competitive environment.  At September 30, 2016, $88.9 million, 
or 75.4%, of the Bank’s one- to four- family loan portfolio consisted of ARM loans.

A portion of the Bank’s ARM loans are “non-conforming”, because they do not satisfy acreage limits or various other 
requirements  imposed  by  Freddie  Mac.  Some  of  these  loans  are  also  originated  to  meet  the  needs  of  borrowers  who  cannot 
otherwise satisfy Freddie Mac credit requirements because of personal and financial reasons (i.e., divorce, bankruptcy, length of 
time employed, etc.), and other aspects, which do not conform to Freddie Mac’s guidelines.  Such borrowers may have higher 
debt-to-income ratios, or the loans are secured by unique properties in rural markets for which there are no sales of comparable 
properties to support the value according to secondary market requirements.  These loans are known as non-conforming loans, 
and the Bank may require additional collateral or lower loan-to-value ratios to reduce the risk of these loans.  The Bank believes 
that these loans satisfy a need in its local market area.  As a result, subject to market conditions, the Bank intends to continue to 
originate these types of loans.

The  retention  of ARM  loans  in  the  Bank’s  loan  portfolio  helps  reduce  the  Bank’s  exposure  to  changes  in  interest 
rates.  There are, however, unquantifiable credit risks resulting from the potential of increased interest to be paid by the customer 
as a result of increases in interest rates.  It is possible that during periods of rising interest rates the risk of default on ARM loans 
may  increase  as  a  result  of  repricing  and  the  increased  costs  to  the  borrower.  The  Bank  attempts  to  reduce  the  potential  for 
delinquencies and defaults on ARM loans by qualifying the borrower based on the borrower’s ability to repay the ARM loan 
assuming that the maximum interest rate that could be charged during the loan term.  Another consideration is that although ARM 
loans allow the Bank to increase the sensitivity of its asset base due to changes in the interest rates, the extent of this interest 
sensitivity is limited by the periodic and lifetime interest rate adjustment limits.  Because of these considerations, the Bank has 
no assurance that yield increases on ARM loans will be sufficient to offset increases in the Bank’s cost of funds.

While fixed-rate, single-family residential mortgage loans are normally originated with 15 to 30 year terms to maturity, 
these loans typically remain outstanding for substantially shorter periods because borrowers often prepay their loans in full upon 
sale of the property pledged as security or upon refinancing the original loan.  In addition, substantially all mortgage loans in the 
Bank’s loan portfolio contain due-on-sale clauses providing that the Bank may declare the unpaid amount due and payable upon 
the sale of the property securing the loan.  Typically, the Bank enforces these due-on-sale clauses to the extent permitted by law 
and as business judgment dictates.  Thus, average loan maturity is a function of, among other factors, the level of purchase and 
sale activity in the real estate market, prevailing interest rates and the interest rates received on outstanding loans.

The Bank requires that fire and extended coverage casualty insurance be maintained on the collateral for all of its real 

estate secured loans and flood insurance, if appropriate.

7

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The  Bank’s  lending  policies  generally  limit  the  maximum  loan-to-value  ratio  on  mortgage  loans  secured  by  owner-
occupied properties to 95% of the lesser of the appraised value or the purchase price.  However, the Bank usually obtains private 
mortgage insurance (“PMI”) on the portion of the principal amount that exceeds 80% of the appraised value of the security property. 
The maximum loan-to-value ratio on mortgage loans secured by non-owner-occupied properties is generally 80% (90% for loans 
originated for sale in the secondary market to Freddie Mac).  At September 30, 2016, seven one- to four-family loans totaling 
$914,000 were on non-accrual status.  See “Lending Activities - Non-performing Loans and Delinquencies.”

Multi-Family Lending.  At September 30, 2016, the Bank had $62.3 million, or 8.6%, of the Bank’s total loan portfolio 
secured by multi-family dwelling units (more than four units) located primarily in the Bank’s primary market area.  Multi-family 
loans are generally originated with variable rates of interest ranging from 1.00% to 3.50% over the one-year constant maturity 
U.S. Treasury Bill Index, the Prime Rate or a matched term FHLB borrowing, with principal and interest payments fully amortizing 
over terms of up to 30 years.  At September 30, 2016, the Bank’s largest multi-family loan had an outstanding principal balance 
of $7.6 million and was secured by an apartment building located in Thurston County.  At September 30, 2016, this loan was 
performing according to its repayment terms.  

The maximum loan-to-value ratio for multi-family loans is generally limited to not more than 80%.  The Bank generally 
requests its multi-family loan borrowers with loan balances in excess of $750,000 to submit financial statements and rent rolls on 
the properties securing such loans.  The Bank also inspects such properties annually.  The Bank generally imposes a minimum 
debt coverage ratio of approximately 1.20 for loans secured by multi-family properties.

Multi-family mortgage lending affords the Bank an opportunity to receive interest at rates higher than those generally 
available from one- to four- family residential lending.  However, loans secured by multi-family properties usually are greater in 
amount, more difficult to evaluate and monitor and, therefore, may involve a greater degree of risk than one- to four-family 
residential mortgage loans.  Because payments on loans secured by multi-family properties are often dependent on the successful 
operation and management of the properties, repayment of such loans may be affected by adverse conditions in the real estate 
market or the economy.  The Bank seeks to minimize these risks by scrutinizing the financial condition of the borrower, the quality 
of the collateral and the management of the property securing the loan.  If the borrower is other than an individual, the Bank also 
generally obtains personal guarantees from the principals based on a review of personal financial statements.  At September 30, 
2016, all multi-family loans were performing according to their repayment terms.  See "Lending Activities - Non-performing 
Loans and Delinquencies."

Commercial Real Estate Lending.  Commercial real estate loans totaled $312.5 million, or 43.2%, of the total loan 
portfolio at September 30, 2016.  The Bank originates commercial real estate loans generally at variable interest rates with principal 
and interest payments fully amortizing over terms of up to 30 years.  These loans are secured by properties, such as office buildings, 
retail/wholesale facilities, mini-storage facilities, motels, nursing homes, restaurants and convenience stores, located in the Bank’s 
primary market area.  At September 30, 2016, the largest commercial real estate loan was secured by an office building in Grays 
Harbor County, had a balance of $5.7 million and was performing according to its repayment terms.  At September 30, 2016, one
commercial real estate loan with a balance of $612,000 was on non-accrual status.  See “Lending Activities - Non-performing 
Loans and Delinquencies.”

The Bank typically requires appraisals of properties securing commercial real estate loans.  For loans that are less than 
$250,000, the Bank may use the tax assessed value and a property inspection in lieu of an appraisal.  Appraisals are performed by 
independent appraisers designated by the Bank.  The Bank considers the quality and location of the real estate, the credit history 
of  the  borrower,  the  cash  flow  of  the  project  and  the  quality  of  management  involved  with  the  property  when  making  these 
loans.  The Bank generally imposes a minimum debt coverage ratio of approximately 1.20 for loans secured by income producing 
commercial properties.  Loan-to-value ratios on commercial real estate loans are generally limited to not more than 80%.  If the 
borrower is other than an individual, the Bank also generally obtains personal guarantees from the principals based on a review 
of personal financial statements.

Commercial real estate lending affords the Bank an opportunity to receive interest at rates higher than those generally 
available from one- to four-family residential lending.  However, loans secured by such properties usually are greater in amount, 
more difficult to evaluate and monitor and, therefore, involve a greater degree of risk than one- to four-family residential mortgage 
loans.  Because payments on loans secured by commercial properties often depend upon the successful operation and management 
of the properties, repayment of these loans may be affected by adverse conditions in the real estate market or the economy.  The 
Bank seeks to minimize these risks by generally limiting the maximum loan-to-value ratio to 80% and scrutinizing the financial 
condition of the borrower, the quality of the collateral and the management of the property securing the loan.  The Bank also 
generally requests annual financial information and rent rolls on the subject property from the borrowers on loans over $750,000.

8

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Construction Lending.    The  Bank  currently  originates  three  types  of  residential  construction  loans:  (i)  custom 
construction loans, (ii) owner/builder construction loans and (iii) speculative construction loans (on a limited basis).  The Bank 
believes that its computer tracking system has enabled it to establish processing and disbursement procedures to meet the needs 
of its borrowers while reducing many of the risks inherent with construction lending.  The Bank also originates construction loans 
for the development of multi-family and commercial properties.  The Bank's construction loans generally provide for the payment 
of interest only during the construction phase, which is billed monthly, although during the term of some construction loans no 
payment from the borrower is required since the accumulated interest is added to the principal of the loan through an interest 
reserve.  At September 30, 2016, the Bank's construction loans totaled $123.1 million, or 17.0% of the Bank's total loan portfolio, 
including undisbursed loans in process of $48.6 million.

At September 30, 2016 and 2015, the composition of the Bank’s construction loan portfolio was as follows:

Custom and owner/builder
Speculative one-to four-family
Commercial real estate
Multi-family (including condominium)

Total

At September 30,

2016

2015

Outstanding
Balance

$

$

93,049
8,106
9,365
12,590
123,110

Outstanding
Percent of
Balance
Total
(Dollars in thousands)

Percent of
Total

75.58% $

6.58
7.61
10.23

100.00% $

62,954
6,668
20,728
20,570
110,920

56.76%
6.01
18.69
18.54
100.00%

Custom construction loans are made to home builders who, at the time of construction, have a signed contract with a 
home buyer who has a commitment to purchase the finished home.  Custom construction loans are generally originated for a term 
of six to 12 months, with fixed interest rates typically ranging from 4.25% to 6.25% and with loan-to-value ratios of 80% of the 
appraised estimated value of the completed property or sales price, whichever is less.

Owner/builder construction loans are originated to home owners rather than home builders and are typically converted 
to or refinanced into permanent loans at the completion of construction.  The construction phase of an owner/builder construction 
loan generally lasts up to 12 months with fixed interest rates typically ranging from 4.25% to 6.25% and with loan-to-value ratios 
of 80% (or up to 95% with PMI) of the appraised estimated value of the completed property.  At the completion of construction, 
the loan is converted to or refinanced into either a fixed-rate mortgage loan, which conforms to secondary market standards, or 
an ARM loan for retention in the Bank’s portfolio.  At September 30, 2016, custom and owner/builder construction loans totaled 
$93.0 million, or 75.6% of the total construction loan portfolio.  At September 30, 2016, the largest outstanding custom and owner/
builder construction loan had an outstanding balance of $1.4 million and was performing according to its repayment terms.

Speculative one-to four-family construction loans are made to home builders and are termed “speculative” because the 
home builder does not have, at the time of loan origination, a signed contract with a home buyer who has a commitment for 
permanent financing with either the Bank or another lender for the finished home.  The home buyer may be identified either during 
or after the construction period, with the risk that the builder will have to debt service the speculative construction loan and finance 
real estate taxes and other carrying costs of the completed home for a significant time after the completion of construction until 
the home buyer is identified and a sale is consummated.  Rather than originating lines of credit to home builders to construct 
several homes at once, the Bank generally originates and underwrites a separate loan for each home.  Speculative construction 
loans are generally originated for a term of 12 months, with current rates generally ranging from 6.00% to 6.50%, and with a loan-
to-value ratio of no more than 80% of the appraised estimated value of the completed property.  The Bank is currently originating 
speculative construction loans on a limited basis.  At September 30, 2016, speculative construction loans totaled $8.1 million, or 
6.6%, of the total construction loan portfolio.  At September 30, 2016, the largest aggregate outstanding balance to one borrower 
for speculative construction loans totaled $1.1 million (including $645,000 of undisbursed loans in process) and was comprised 
of three loans that were performing according to their repayment terms.  

The Bank also provides construction financing for multi-family and commercial properties.  At September 30, 2016, 
these loans amounted to $22.0 million, or 17.8%, of construction loans compared to $41.3 million, or 37.2%, of construction loans 
at September 30, 2015.  These loans are typically secured by condominiums, apartment buildings, mini-storage facilities, office 
buildings, hotels and retail rental space predominantly located in the Bank’s primary market area.  At September 30, 2016, the 
largest outstanding multi-family construction loan was secured by an apartment building project in Pierce County and had a balance 
of $6.8 million (including $356,000 of undisbursed construction loan proceeds) and was performing according to its repayment 
terms.  At September 30, 2016, the largest outstanding commercial real estate construction loan was secured by a medical facility 

9

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
project in Grays Harbor County and had a balance of $2.1 million.  This loan  was performing according to its repayment terms 
at September 30, 2016.

All construction loans must be approved by a member of one of the Bank’s Loan Committees or the Bank’s Board of 
Directors, or in the case of one- to four-family construction loans that meet Freddie Mac guidelines, by the Regional Manager of 
Community Lending, the Loan Department Supervisor or a Bank underwriter. See “- Lending Activities - Loan Solicitation and 
Processing.”  Prior to preliminary approval of any construction loan application, an independent fee appraiser inspects the site 
and the Bank reviews the existing or proposed improvements, identifies the market for the proposed project and analyzes the pro-
forma data and assumptions on the project.  In the case of a speculative or custom construction loan, the Bank reviews the experience 
and expertise of the builder.  After preliminary approval has been given, the application is processed, which includes obtaining 
credit reports, financial statements and tax returns on the borrowers and guarantors, an independent appraisal of the project, and 
any other expert reports necessary to evaluate the proposed project.  In the event of cost overruns, the Bank generally requires 
that the borrower increase the funds available for construction by depositing its own funds into a secured savings account, the 
proceeds of which are used to pay construction costs.

Loan disbursements during the construction period are made to the builder, materials supplier or subcontractor, based on 
a line item budget.  Periodic on-site inspections are made by qualified independent inspectors to document the reasonableness of 
draw requests.  For most builders, the Bank disburses loan funds by providing vouchers to borrowers, which when used by the 
borrower to purchase supplies are submitted by the supplier to the Bank for payment.

The  Bank  originates  construction  loan  applications  primarily  through  customer  referrals,  contacts  in  the  business 

community and occasionally real estate brokers seeking financing for their clients.

Construction lending affords the Bank the opportunity to achieve higher interest rates and fees with shorter terms to 
maturity  than  does  its  single-family  permanent  mortgage  lending.  Construction  lending,  however,  is  generally  considered  to 
involve a higher degree of risk than single-family permanent mortgage lending because of the inherent difficulty in estimating 
both a property’s value at completion of the project and the estimated cost of the project.  The nature of these loans is such that 
they are generally more difficult to evaluate and monitor.  If the estimate of construction costs proves to be inaccurate, the Bank 
may be required to advance funds beyond the amount originally committed to permit completion of the project.  If the estimate 
of value upon completion proves to be inaccurate, the borrower may be confronted with a project whose value is insufficient to 
assure full repayment and the Bank may incur a loss.  Projects may also be jeopardized by disagreements between borrowers and 
builders and by the failure of builders to pay subcontractors.  Loans to builders to construct homes for which no purchaser has 
been identified carry more risk because the payoff for the loan depends on the builder’s ability to sell the property prior to the 
time that the construction loan is due.  The Bank has sought to address these risks by adhering to strict underwriting policies, 
disbursement  procedures,  and  monitoring  practices.  The  Bank’s  construction  loans  are  primarily  secured  by  properties  in  its 
primary market area, and changes in the local and state economies and real estate markets have adversely affected the Bank’s 
construction loan portfolio.  At September 30, 2016, a single owner/builder construction loan with a balance of  $367,000 was on 
non-accrual status.  See "Lending Activities - Non-performing Loans and Delinquencies."

The Bank historically originated loans to real estate developers with whom it had established relationships for the purpose 
of developing residential subdivisions (i.e., installing roads, sewers, water and other utilities; generally with ten to 50 lots). The 
Bank is not currently originating any new land development loans and at September 30, 2016, the Bank had no land development 
loans outstanding.  Although the Bank is not currently originating land development loans, it may do so in the future. Historically 
land development loans were secured by a lien on the property and typically were made for a period of two to five years with fixed 
or variable interest rates, and were made with loan-to-value ratios generally not exceeding 75%.  Land development loans were 
generally structured so that the Bank was repaid in full upon the sale by the borrower of approximately 80% of the subdivision 
lots.  In addition, in the case of a corporate borrower, the Bank also generally obtained personal guarantees from corporate principals 
and reviewed their personal financial statements.  Land development loans secured by land under development involve greater 
risks than one- to four-family residential mortgage loans because these loans are advanced upon the predicted future value of the 
developed  property  upon  completion.  If  the  estimate  of  the  future  value  proves  to  be  inaccurate,  in  the  event  of  default  and 
foreclosure the Bank may be confronted with a property the value of which is insufficient to assure full repayment.  The Bank has 
historically attempted to minimize this risk by generally limiting the maximum loan-to-value ratio on land loans to 75% of the 
estimated developed value of the secured property.  

Land Lending. The Bank has historically originated loans for the acquisition of land upon which the purchaser can then 
build or make improvements necessary to build or to sell as improved lots.  Currently the Bank is originating land loans on a 
limited basis.  At September 30, 2016, land loans totaled $21.6 million, or 3.0%, of the Bank’s total loan portfolio as compared 
to $26.1 million, or 3.9%, of the Bank’s total loan portfolio at September 30, 2015.  Land loans originated by the Bank generally 
have maturities of five to ten years.  The largest land loan is secured by land in Thurston County, had an outstanding balance of 
10

 
 
 
 
 
 
$1.5 million and was performing according to its repayment terms at September 30, 2016.  At September 30, 2016, six land loans 
totaling $548,000 were on non-accrual status.  See “Lending Activities - Non-performing Loans and Delinquencies.”

Loans secured by undeveloped land or improved lots involve greater risks than one- to four-family residential mortgage 
loans because these loans are more difficult to evaluate.  If the estimate of value proves to be inaccurate, in the event of default 
and foreclosure the Bank may be confronted with a property the value of which is insufficient to assure full repayment.  Land 
loans also pose additional risk because of the lack of income being produced by the property and potential illiquid nature of the 
collateral.  These risks can be significantly impacted by supply and demand conditions.  The Bank attempts to minimize these 
risks by generally limiting the maximum loan-to-value ratio on land loans to 75%.

Consumer Lending.  Consumer loans generally have shorter terms to maturity and higher interest rates than mortgage 
loans.  Consumer loans include home equity lines of credit, second mortgage loans, savings account loans, automobile loans, boat 
loans, motorcycle loans, recreational vehicle loans and unsecured loans.  Consumer loans are made with both fixed and variable 
interest rates and with varying terms.  At September 30, 2016, consumer loans amounted to $43.9 million, or 6.1%, of the Bank's 
total loan portfolio.

At September 30, 2016, the largest component of the consumer loan portfolio consisted of second mortgage loans and 
home equity lines of credit, which totaled $39.7 million, or 5.5%, of the Bank's total loan portfolio.  Home equity lines of credit 
and  second  mortgage  loans  are  made  for  purposes  such  as  the  improvement  of  residential  properties,  debt  consolidation  and 
education expenses, among others.  The majority of these loans are made to existing customers and are secured by a first or second 
mortgage on residential property.  The loan-to-value ratio is typically 80% or less, when taking into account both the first and 
second mortgage loans.  Second mortgage loans typically carry fixed interest rates with a fixed payment over a term between five 
and 15 years.  Home equity lines of credit are generally made at interest rates tied to the Prime Rate or the 26 week U.S. Treasury 
Bill.  Second mortgage loans and home equity lines of credit have greater credit risk than one- to four-family residential mortgage 
loans in which the Bank is in the first lien position because they are generally secured by mortgages subordinated to the existing 
first mortgage on the property.  For those second mortgage loans and home equity lines credit which the Bank does not hold the 
existing first mortgage on the property, it is unlikely that the Bank will be successful in recovering all or a portion of the loan 
balance in the event of default unless the Bank is prepared to repay the first mortgage loan and such repayment and the costs 
associated with a foreclosure are justified by the value of the property.

Consumer loans entail greater risk than do residential mortgage loans, particularly in the case of consumer loans that are 
unsecured or secured by rapidly depreciating assets such as automobiles.  In such cases, any repossessed collateral for a defaulted 
consumer loan may not provide an adequate source of repayment of the outstanding loan balance as a result of the greater likelihood 
of damage, loss or depreciation.  The remaining deficiency often does not warrant further substantial collection efforts against the 
borrower  beyond  obtaining  a  deficiency  judgment.  In  addition,  consumer  loan  collections  are  dependent  on  the  borrower’s 
continuing  financial  stability  and  are  more  likely  to  be  adversely  affected  by  job  loss,  divorce,  illness  or  personal 
bankruptcy.  Furthermore, the application of various federal and state laws, including federal and state bankruptcy and insolvency 
laws, may limit the amount that can be recovered on such loans.  The Bank believes that these risks are not as prevalent in the 
case of the Bank’s consumer loan portfolio because a large percentage of the portfolio consists of second mortgage loans and home 
equity lines of credit that are underwritten in a manner such that they result in credit risk that is substantially similar to one- to 
four-family residential mortgage loans.  At September 30, 2016, seven consumer loans totaling $432,000 were on non-accrual 
status.  See “Lending Activities - Non-performing Loans and Delinquencies.”

Commercial Business Lending.  Commercial business loans totaled $41.8 million, or 5.8%, of the loan portfolio at 
September 30, 2016.  Commercial business loans are generally secured by business equipment, accounts receivable, inventory 
and/or other property and are made at variable rates of interest equal to a negotiated margin above the Prime Rate.  The Bank also 
generally obtains personal guarantees from the principals based on a review of personal financial statements.  The largest commercial 
business loan had an outstanding balance of $2.2 million at September 30, 2016 and was performing according to its repayment 
terms.  At September 30, 2016, all commercial business loans were performing according to their repayment terms.  See “Lending 
Activities - Non-performing Loans and Delinquencies.”

The  Bank  has  recently  increased  commercial  business  loan  originations  made  under  the  U.S.  Small  Business 
Administration ("SBA") 7(a) program.  Loans made by the Bank under the SBA 7(a) program generally are made to small businesses 
to provide working capital or to provide funding for the purchase of businesses, real estate, or equipment.  These loans generally 
are secured by a combination of assets that may include equipment, receivables, inventory, business real property, and sometimes 
a lien on the personal residence of the borrower.  The terms of these loans vary by purpose and type of underlying collateral.  The 
loans are primarily underwritten on the basis of the borrower's ability to service the loan from income.  Under the SBA 7(a) program 
the loans carry a SBA guaranty up to 85% of the loan.  Typical maturities for this type of loan vary up to ten years.  SBA 7(a) 
loans are all adjustable rate loans based on the Prime Rate.  Under the SBA 7(a) program, the Bank can sell in the secondary 
11

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
market the guaranteed portion of its SBA 7(a) loans and retain the related unguaranteed portion of these loans, as well as the 
servicing on such loans, for which it is paid a fee.  The loan servicing spread is generally a minimum of 1.00% on all SBA 7(a) 
loans.  The Bank generally offers SBA 7(a) loans within a range of $50,000 to $1.0 million.

Commercial business lending generally involves greater risk than residential mortgage lending and involves risks that 
are different from those associated with residential and commercial real estate lending.  Real estate lending is generally considered 
to be collateral based lending with loan amounts based on predetermined loan to collateral values, and liquidation of the underlying 
real estate collateral is viewed as the primary source of repayment in the event of borrower default.  Although commercial business 
loans are often collateralized by equipment, inventory, accounts receivable and/or other business assets, the liquidation of collateral 
in the event of a borrower default is often an insufficient source of repayment because accounts receivable may be uncollectible 
and inventories and equipment may be obsolete or of limited use, among other things.  Accordingly, the repayment of a commercial 
business loan depends primarily on the creditworthiness of the borrower (and any guarantors), while liquidation of collateral is a 
secondary and often insufficient source of repayment.

Loan Maturity.  The following table sets forth certain information at September 30, 2016 regarding the dollar amount 
of loans maturing in the Bank’s portfolio based on their contractual terms to maturity but does not include scheduled payments 
or potential prepayments.  Loans having no stated maturity and overdrafts are reported as due in one year or less.

After
1 Year
Through
3 Years

Within
1 Year

After
3 Years
Through
5 Years

After
5 Years
Through
10 Years

(Dollars in thousands)

After
10 Years

Total

$

$

734
1,396
24,997
123,110
9,882

6,346
951
17,226
184,642

$

$

1,495
11,639
48,731
—
6,687

4,738
148
5,441
78,879

$

$

1,884
1,922
27,103
—
883

4,281
376
5,946
42,395

$

$

36,075
38,576
203,804
—
3,463

15,720
993
12,622
311,253

$

$

$

78,372
8,770
7,890
—
712

8,642
1,671
602
106,659

118,560
62,303
312,525
123,110
21,627

39,727
4,139
41,837
723,828

(48,627)
(2,229)
(9,826)
663,146

  $

Mortgage loans:

One- to four-family
Multi-family
Commercial
Construction (1)
Land

Consumer loans:

Home equity and second

mortgage

Other

Commercial business loans

Total

Less:

Undisbursed portion of

construction loans in process
Deferred loan origination fees
Allowance for loan losses

Total loans receivable, net

_____________
(1) 

Includes construction/permanent loans that convert to permanent mortgage loans once construction is completed.

12

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The following table sets forth the dollar amount of all loans due after one year from September 30, 2016, which have 

fixed interest rates and have floating or adjustable interest rates.

Mortgage loans:

One- to four-family
Multi-family
Commercial
Land

Consumer loans:

Home equity and second mortgage
Other

Commercial business loans

Total

Fixed
Rates

Floating or
Adjustable 
Rates
 (Dollars in thousands)

Total

$

$

29,041
3,785
43,611
7,388

10,399
2,479
12,056
108,759

$

$

88,785
57,122
243,917
4,357

22,982
709
12,555
430,427

$

$

117,826
60,907
287,528
11,745

33,381
3,188
24,611
539,186

Scheduled contractual principal repayments of loans do not reflect the actual life of these assets.  The average life of 
loans is substantially less than their contractual terms because of prepayments.  In addition, due-on-sale clauses on loans generally 
give the Bank the right to declare loans immediately due and payable in the event, among other things, that the borrower sells the 
real property subject to the mortgage and the loan is not repaid.  The average life of mortgage loans tends to increase when current 
mortgage loan interest rates are substantially higher than interest rates on existing mortgage loans and, conversely, decrease when 
interest rates on existing mortgage loans are substantially higher than current mortgage loan interest rates.

Loan Solicitation and Processing.  Loan originations are obtained from a variety of sources, including walk-in customers 
and referrals from builders and realtors.  Upon receipt of a loan application from a prospective borrower, a credit report and other 
data are obtained to verify specific information relating to the loan applicant’s employment, income and credit standing.  An 
appraisal of the real estate offered as collateral generally is undertaken by a certified appraiser retained by the Bank.

Loan applications are initiated by loan officers and are required to be approved by an authorized loan officer or Bank 
underwriter, one of the Bank’s Loan Committees or the Bank’s Board of Directors.  The Bank’s Consumer Loan Committee consists 
of  several  underwriters,  each  of  whom  can  approve  one-  to  four-family  mortgage  loans  and  other  consumer  loans  up  to  and 
including the current Freddie Mac single-family limit.  Loan officers may also be granted individual approval authority for certain 
loans up to a maximum of $250,000.  The approval authority for individual loan officers is granted on a case by case basis by the 
Bank's Chief Credit Administrator or President.  All construction loans must be approved by a member of one of the Bank's Loan 
Committees or the Bank's Board of Directors, or in the case of one- to four- family construction loans that meet Freddie Mac 
guidelines, by the Regional Manager of Community Lending, the Loan Department Supervisor or a Bank underwriter, subject to 
their individual or Loan Committee loan limit.  The Bank’s Commercial Loan Committee, which consists of the Bank’s President, 
Chief Credit Administrator, Executive Vice President of Lending and Regional Manager of Community Lending, may approve 
commercial real estate loans and commercial business loans up to and including $1.5 million. The Bank’s President, Chief Credit 
Administrator  and  Executive Vice  President  of  Lending  also  have  individual  lending  authority  for  loans  up  to  and  including 
$750,000.  The Bank’s Board Loan Committee, which consists of two rotating non-employee Directors and the Bank’s President, 
may approve loans up to and including $3.0 million.  Loans in excess of $3.0 million, as well as loans of any amount granted to 
a single borrower whose aggregate loans exceed $3.0 million, must be approved by the Bank’s Board of Directors. 

Loan Originations, Purchases and Sales.  During the years ended September 30, 2016, 2015 and 2014, the Bank’s total 
gross loan originations were $267.4 million, $262.4 million and $184.9 million, respectively.  Periodically, the Bank purchases 
loan participation interests in construction, commercial real estate and multi-family loans, secured by properties generally located 
in Washington State, from other lenders.  These participation loans are underwritten in accordance with the Bank’s underwriting 
guidelines and are without recourse to the seller other than for fraud.  During the years ended September 30, 2016, 2015 and 2014, 
the Bank purchased loan participation interests of $898,000, $7.3 million and $1.9 million, respectively. 

Consistent with its asset/liability management strategy, the Bank’s policy generally is to retain in its portfolio all ARM 
loans originated and to sell fixed rate one- to four-family mortgage loans in the secondary market to Freddie Mac; however, from 
time to time, a portion of fixed-rate loans may be retained in the Bank’s portfolio to meet its asset-liability objectives.  The Bank 
also  began  selling  the  guaranteed  portion  of  SBA  7(a)  loans  in  the  secondary  market  during  the  year  ended  September  30, 

13

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2016.  Loans sold in the secondary market are generally sold on a servicing retained basis.  At September 30, 2016, the Bank’s 
loan servicing portfolio, which is not included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements, totaled $340.3 million.

The Bank also periodically sells participation interests in construction loans, commercial real estate loans, multi-family 
and commercial business loans to other lenders.  These sales are usually made to avoid concentrations in a particular loan type or 
concentrations to a particular borrower and to generate fee income.  During the year ended September 30, 2016, the Bank sold 
loan  participation  interests  of  $321,000  in  SBA  7(a)  loans.  During  the  year  ended  September  30,  2015,  the  Bank  sold  loan 
participation interests to other lenders of $3.6 million.  The Bank did not sell any loan participation interests during the year ended 
September 30, 2014.   

The following table shows total loans originated, purchased, sold and repaid during the periods indicated. 

Loans originated:
Mortgage loans:
   One- to four-family
   Multi-family
   Commercial
   Construction
   Land
Consumer
Commercial business loans
Total loans originated

Loans and loan participations purchased:

Mortgage loans:
   One- to four-family
   Commercial
   Construction
Commercial business

Total loans purchased

Total loans originated and purchased

Loans sold:

Loan participation interests sold
Whole loans sold
Total loans sold

Loan principal repayments
Other items, net
Net increase in loans receivable

Year Ended September 30,

2016

2015
(Dollars in thousands)

2014

$

$

74,131
18,340
43,942
95,029
4,515
22,569
8,824
267,350

—
—
400
498
898
268,248

$

83,593
12,643
35,921
100,875
6,570
15,140
7,699
262,441

313
—
5,500
1,500
7,313
269,754

43,116
701
45,215
61,246
4,174
13,143
17,273
184,868

—
1,911
—
—
1,911
186,779

(321)
(58,582)
(58,903)

(3,600)
(53,948)
(57,548)

—
(33,345)
(33,345)

(155,368)
4,892
58,869

$

(148,797)
(23,985)
39,424

$

(124,558)
(10,216)
18,660

$

Loan Origination Fees.  The Bank receives loan origination fees on many of its mortgage loans and commercial business 
loans.  Loan fees are a percentage of the loan which are charged to the borrower for funding the loan.  The amount of fees charged 
by the Bank is generally up to 2.0% of the loan amount.  Accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America 
("GAAP") require fees received and certain loan origination costs for originating loans to be deferred and amortized into interest 
income over the contractual life of the loan.  Net deferred fees or costs associated with loans that are prepaid are recognized as 
income/expense at the time of prepayment.  Unamortized deferred loan origination fees totaled $2.2 million at September 30, 
2016.

Non-performing Loans and Delinquencies.  The Bank assesses late fees or penalty charges on delinquent loans of 
approximately 5% of the monthly loan payment amount.  A majority of loan payments are due on the first day of the month; 

14

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
however, the borrower is given a 15 day grace period to make the loan payment.  When a mortgage loan borrower fails to make 
a required payment when due, the Bank institutes collection procedures. A notice is mailed to the borrower 16 days after the date 
the payment is due.  Attempts to contact the borrower by telephone generally begin on or before the 30th day of delinquency.  If 
a satisfactory response is not obtained, continuous follow-up contacts are attempted until the loan has been brought current.  Before 
the 90th day of delinquency, attempts are made to establish (i) the cause of the delinquency, (ii) whether the cause is temporary, 
(iii) the attitude of the borrower toward repaying the debt, and (iv) a mutually satisfactory arrangement for curing the default.

If the borrower is chronically delinquent and all reasonable means of obtaining payment on time have been exhausted, 
foreclosure is initiated according to the terms of the security instrument and applicable law.  Interest income on loans in foreclosure 
is reduced by the full amount of accrued and uncollected interest.

When a consumer loan borrower or commercial business borrower fails to make a required payment on a loan by the 
payment due date, the Bank institutes similar collection procedures as for its mortgage loan borrowers.  All loans becoming 90 
days or more past due are placed on non-accrual status, with any accrued interest reversed against interest income, unless they are 
well secured and in the process of collection.

The Bank’s Board of Directors is informed monthly as to the status of loans that are delinquent by more than 30 days 

and the status of all foreclosed and repossessed property owned by the Bank.

The following table sets forth information with respect to the Company's non-performing assets at the dates indicated.

2016

2015

At September 30,

2014
(Dollars in thousands)

2013

Loans accounted for on a non-accrual basis:
Mortgage loans:

   One- to four-family (1)
   Multi-family
   Commercial
   Construction
   Land
Consumer loans

Total

Accruing loans which are contractually past due 90

days or more

Total of non-accrual and 90 days past due loans

$

914
—
612
367
548
432
2,873

135
3,008

$

2,368
760
1,016
—
1,558
338
6,040

151
6,191

$

2012

3,382
1,449
6,049
1,570
8,613
268
21,331

$

4,376
—
1,468
—
4,564
501
10,909

$

6,985
—
3,435
659
2,146
385
13,610

812
11,721

436
14,046

1,198
22,529

Non-accrual investment securities

734

932

1,101

2,187

2,442

Other real estate owned and other repossessed assets (2)

Total non-performing assets (3)

Troubled debt restructured loans on accrual status (4)

4,117
7,859

7,629

$

$

7,854
14,977

12,485

$

$

9,092
21,914

16,804

$

$

11,720
27,953

18,573

$

$

13,302
38,273

13,410

$

$

Non-accrual and 90 days or more past due loans as a

percentage of loans receivable, net (5)

0.45%

1.02%

2.08%

2.57%

4.19%

Non-accrual and 90 days or more past due loans as a

percentage of total assets

0.34%

0.76%

1.57%

1.88%

3.06%

Non-performing assets as a percentage of total assets

0.88%

1.84%

2.94%

3.75%

5.19%

Loans receivable, net (5)
Total assets

$ 672,972
$ 891,388

$ 614,201
$ 815,815

$ 575,280
$ 745,565

$ 557,329
$ 745,648

$ 548,878
$ 736,954

15

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
_______________
(1) 

Includes non-accrual one- to four-family properties in the process of foreclosure totaling $138,000, $1.1 million, 
$1.1 million, $3.8 million and $1.3 million as of September 30, 2016, 2015, 2014, 2013 and 2012, respectively. 
Includes foreclosed residential real estate property totaling $1.1 million, $2.9 million, $2.9 million, $1.8

(2) 
               million, and $1.5 million as of September 30, 2016, 2015, 2014, 2013 and 2012, respectively. 
(3) 
(4) 

Does not include troubled debt restructured loans on accrual status.
Does not include troubled debt restructured loans totaling $531,000, $1.2 million, $2.3 million, $4.0 million and
 $10.1 million recorded as non-accrual loans at September 30, 2016, 2015, 2014, 2013 and 2012, respectively.
Loans receivable, net for this table includes the deductions for the undisbursed portion of construction loans in process
and deferred loan origination fees and does not include the deduction for the allowance for loan losses.

(5) 

The Bank’s non-accrual loans decreased by $3.2 million to $2.9 million at September 30, 2016 from $6.0 million at 
September 30, 2015, primarily as a result of a $1.5 million decrease in one- to four-family loans, a $1.0 million decrease in land 
loans,  a  $760,000  decrease  in  multi-family  loans,  and  a  $404,000  decrease  in  commercial  real  estate  loans  on  non-accrual 
status.  These decreases were partially offset by a $367,000 increase in construction loans on non-accrual status.  A discussion of 
the Bank's largest non-performing loans is set forth below under “Asset Classification.”

Additional interest income which would have been recorded for the year ended September 30, 2016 had non-accruing 

loans been current in accordance with their original terms totaled $2.2 million.

Other Real Estate Owned and Other Repossessed Assets.  Real estate acquired by the Bank as a result of foreclosure 
or by deed-in-lieu of foreclosure is classified as other real estate owned (“OREO”) until sold.  When property is acquired, it is 
recorded at the estimated fair market value less estimated costs to sell.  At September 30, 2016, the Bank had $4.1 million of 
OREO and other repossessed assets consisting of 22 individual properties and one mobile home, a decrease of $3.7 million from 
$7.9 million at September 30, 2015.  The OREO properties consisted of 14 land parcels totaling $2.3 million, five single family 
homes totaling $1.1 million, three commercial real estate properties totaling $648,000, and one mobile home with a balance of 
$67,000.  The largest OREO property at September 30, 2016 was a land parcel with a balance of $956,000 located in Lewis County.

Restructured Loans.  Under GAAP, the Bank is required to account for certain loan modifications or restructurings as 
“troubled  debt  restructurings”  or  "troubled  debt  restructured  loans."  In  general,  the  modification  or  restructuring  of  a  debt 
constitutes a troubled debt restructuring if the Bank for economic or legal reasons related to the borrower’s financial difficulties 
grants a concession to the borrower that the Bank would not otherwise consider.  Debt restructuring or loan modifications for a 
borrower do not necessarily always constitute a troubled debt restructuring, however, and troubled debt restructurings do not 
necessarily result in non-accrual loans.  Troubled debt restructured loans are classified as non-performing loans unless they have 
been performing in accordance with modified terms for a period of at least six months.  The Bank had troubled debt restructured 
loans at September 30, 2016 and 2015 totaling $8.2 million and $13.7 million, respectively, of which $531,000 and $1.2 million, 
respectively, were on non-accrual status.  The allowance for loan losses allocated to troubled debt restructured loans at September 30, 
2016 and 2015 was $465,000 and $310,000, respectively.

Impaired Loans. A loan is considered impaired when it is probable the Bank will be unable to collect all contractual 
principal and interest payments when due in accordance with the original or modified terms of the loan agreement.  To determine 
specific valuation allowances, impaired loans are measured based on the estimated fair value of the collateral less the estimated 
cost to sell if the loan is considered collateral dependent.  Impaired loans not considered to be collateral dependent are measured 
based on the present value of expected future cash flows.

The categories of non-accrual loans and impaired loans overlap, although they are not identical.  The Bank considers all 
circumstances regarding the loan and borrower on an individual basis when determining whether an impaired loan should be 
placed on non-accrual status, such as the financial strength of the borrower, the collateral value, reasons for delay, payment record, 
the amount past due and the number of days past due.  At September 30, 2016, the Bank had $16.2 million in impaired loans.  For 
additional information on impaired loans, see Note 4 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8 of 
this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Other Loans of Concern.  Loans not reflected in the table above as non-performing, but where known information about 
possible credit problems of borrowers causes management to have doubts as to the ability of the borrower to comply with present 
repayment terms and that may result in disclosure of such loans as non-performing assets in the future, are commonly referred to 
as “other loans of concern” or “potential problem loans.”  The amount included in potential problem loans results from an evaluation, 
on a loan-by-loan basis, of loans classified as “substandard” and “special mention,” as those terms are defined under “Asset 
Classification” below.  The amount of potential problem loans (not included in the table above as non-performing) was $17.1 

16

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
million at September 30, 2016. The vast majority of these loans are collateralized by real estate.  See “Asset Classification” below 
for additional information regarding the Bank's problem loans.

Asset  Classification.  Applicable  regulations  require  that  each  insured  institution  review  and  classify  its  assets  on  a 
regular basis.  In addition, in connection with examinations of insured institutions, regulatory examiners have authority to identify 
problem assets and, if appropriate, require them to be classified.  There are three classifications for problem assets:  substandard, 
doubtful and loss.  Substandard loans are classified as those loans that are inadequately protected by the current net worth and 
paying capacity of the obligor, or of the collateral pledged.  Assets classified as substandard have a well-defined weakness or 
weaknesses  that  jeopardize  the  repayment  of  the  debt.  If  the  weakness  or  weaknesses  are  not  corrected  there  is  the  distinct 
possibility  that  some  loss  will  be  sustained.  Doubtful  assets  have  the  weaknesses  of  substandard  assets  with  the  additional 
characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions and 
values questionable, and there is a high possibility of loss.  An asset classified as loss is considered uncollectible and of such little 
value that continuance as an asset of the Bank is not warranted.  When the Bank classifies problem assets as either substandard 
or doubtful, it is required to establish allowances for loan losses in an amount deemed prudent by management.  These allowances 
represent loss allowances which have been established to recognize the inherent risk associated with lending activities and the 
risks associated with particular problem assets.  When the Bank classifies problem assets as loss, it charges off the balance of the 
asset against the allowance for loan losses.  Assets which do not currently expose the Bank to sufficient risk to warrant classification 
in one of the aforementioned categories but possess weaknesses are designated by the Bank as special mention.  Special mention 
loans are defined as those credits deemed by management to have some potential weakness that deserve management’s close 
attention.  If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in the deterioration of the payment prospects of the loan.  Assets 
in this category are not adversely classified and currently do not expose the Bank to sufficient risk to warrant a substandard 
classification. The Bank’s determination of the classification of its assets and the amount of its valuation allowances is subject to 
review by the FDIC and the Division which can require a different classification and the establishment of additional loss allowances.

The  aggregate  amounts  of  the  Bank’s  classified  and  special  mention  loans  (as  determined  by  the  Bank),  and  of  the 

Bank's  allowances for loan losses at the dates indicated, were as follows:

Loss
Doubtful
Substandard (1)(2)
Special mention (1)
Total classified and special
   mention loans

Allowance for loan losses

2016

At September 30,
2015
(Dollars in thousands)
— $
— $
—
—
12,717
5,036
17,016
15,065

20,101

9,826

$

$

29,733

9,924

$

$

2014

—
—
18,056
27,106

45,162

10,427

$

$

$

_____________
(1) 

For further information concerning the change in classified assets, see “Non-performing Loans and Delinquencies" 
above.
Includes non-performing loans.

(2) 

Loans classified as substandard decreased by $7.7 million to $5.0 million at September 30, 2016 from $12.7 million at 
September 30, 2015.  At September 30, 2016, 34 loans were classified as substandard compared to 53 loans at September 30, 
2015.   Of the $5.0 million in loans classified as substandard at September 30, 2016, $2.9 million were on non-accrual status.  The 
largest loan classified as substandard at September 30, 2016 had a balance of $644,000 and was secured by a single family home 
in Pierce County.  This loan was performing according to its restructured payment terms at September 30, 2016.  The next largest 
loan classified as substandard at September 30, 2016 had a balance of $612,000 and was secured by a commercial building in 
Pierce County.  This loan was on non-accrual status at September 30, 2016.

Loans classified as special mention decreased by $1.9 million to $15.1 million at September 30, 2016 from $17.0 million 
at September 30, 2015, primarily as a result of loans being upgraded to an improved risk grade category and loans being paid off  
during the year ended September 30, 2016.  At September 30, 2016, 22 loans were classified as special mention.  The largest loan 
classified as special mention at September 30, 2016 had a balance of $3.9 million and was secured by a mini-storage facility in 
Pierce County.  This loan was performing according to its payment terms at September 30, 2016.  The next largest loan classified 

17

 
 
 
 
 
        
 
 
as special mention at September 30, 2016 had a balance of $2.3 million and was secured by a mini-storage facility in King County.  
This loan was performing according to its restructured payment terms at September 30, 2016.

Allowance for Loan Losses.  The allowance for loan losses is maintained to absorb probable losses inherent in the loan 
portfolio.  The Bank has established a comprehensive methodology for the determination of provisions for loan losses that takes 
into consideration the need for an overall general valuation allowance.  The Bank’s methodology for assessing the adequacy of 
its allowance for loan losses is based on its historic loss experience for various loan segments; adjusted for changes in economic 
conditions, delinquency rates and other factors.  Using these loss estimate factors, management develops a range of probable loss 
for each loan category.  Certain individual loans for which full collectibility may not be assured are evaluated individually with 
loss exposure based on estimated discounted cash flows or net realizable collateral values.  The total estimated range of loss based 
on these two components of the analysis is compared to the loan loss allowance balance.  Based on this review, management will 
adjust the allowance as necessary.

In originating loans, the Bank recognizes that losses will be experienced and that the risk of loss will vary with, among 
other  things,  the  type  of  loan  being  made,  the  creditworthiness  of  the  borrower  over  the  term  of  the  loan,  general  economic 
conditions and, in the case of a secured loan, the quality of the security for the loan.  The Bank increases its allowance for loan 
losses by charging provisions for loan losses against the Bank's operating income.

The Board of Directors reviews the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses at least quarterly based on management's 

assessment of current economic conditions, past loss and collection experience, and risk characteristics of the loan portfolio.

At September 30, 2016, the Bank’s allowance for loan losses totaled $9.8 million.  The Bank’s allowance for loan losses 
as a percentage of total loans receivable and non-performing loans was 1.46% and 326.66%, respectively, at September 30, 2016
and 1.62% and 160.30%, respectively, at September 30, 2015.

Management believes that the amount maintained in the allowance for loan losses is adequate to absorb probable losses 
inherent in the portfolio. Although management believes that it uses the best information available to make its determinations, 
future adjustments to the allowance for loan losses may be necessary, and results of operations could be significantly and adversely 
affected if circumstances differ substantially from the assumptions used in making the determinations.

While the Bank believes it has established its existing allowance for loan losses in accordance with GAAP, there can be 
no assurance that regulators, in reviewing the Bank's loan portfolio, will not request the Bank to increase significantly its allowance 
for loan losses.  In addition, because future events affecting borrowers and collateral cannot be predicted with certainty, there can 
be no assurance that the existing allowance for loan losses is adequate or that substantial increases will not be necessary should 
the quality of any loans deteriorate as a result of the factors discussed above.  Any material increase in the allowance for loan 
losses may adversely affect the Bank's financial condition and results of operations.

18

 
 
 
 
 
 
The  following  table  sets  forth  an  analysis  of  the  Bank's  allowance  for  loan  losses  for  the  periods  indicated.

Year Ended September 30,

2016

2015

2014

2013

2012

Allowance at beginning of year
Provision for (recapture of) loan losses

$

9,924
—

$

(Dollars in thousands)
$ 11,136
—

10,427
(1,525)

$ 11,825
2,925

Recoveries:
Mortgage loans:

One- to four-family
Multi-family
Commercial
Construction - custom and owner/builder
Construction - speculative one- to four-family
Construction - multi-family
Construction - land development
Land

Consumer loans:

Home equity and second mortgage
Other

Commercial business loans
Total recoveries

Charge-offs:
Mortgage loans:

One- to four-family
Multi-family
Commercial
Construction - custom and owner/builder
Construction - commercial
Construction - multi-family
Construction - land development

Land

Consumer loans:

Home equity and second mortgage
Other

Commercial business loans

Total charge-offs
Net recoveries (charge-offs)

56
—
—
—
2
181
—
24

—
2
5
270

(72)
—
(209)
—
—
—
—
(61)

(18)
(8)
—
(368)
(98)

264
3
4
—
2
1,125
—
37

2
4
5
1,446

(220)
—
—
—
—
—
—
(145)

(50)
(9)
—
(424)
1,022

194
—
4
—
—
251
287
418

7
2
24
1,187

(1,106)
—
(463)
—
—
—
—
(260)

(47)
(6)
(14)
(1,896)
(709)

95
—
55
26
—
—
146
54

5
—
105
486

(769)
—
(667)
(26)
—
(116)
(17)
(2,307)

(184)
(14)
—
(4,100)
(3,614)

$ 11,946
3,500

74
14
—
—
1
450
54
97

14
—
2
706

(276)
(14)
(1,215)
—
(622)
(24)
(239)
(1,251)

(232)
(24)
(430)
(4,327)
(3,621)

Allowance at end of year

$

9,826

$

9,924

$ 10,427

$ 11,136

$ 11,825

Allowance for loan losses as a  percentage of

total loans receivable (net) outstanding at the

Net (charge-offs) recoveries as a percentage of
average loans outstanding during the year

Allowance for loan losses as a percentage of non-

performing loans at end of year

1.46 %

1.62%

1.81 %

2.00 %

2.15 %

(0.02)%

0.17%

(0.12)%

(0.65)%

(0.66)%

326.66 %

160.30%

88.96 %

79.28 %

52.48 %

______________
(1) 

Loans receivable, net for this table includes the deductions for the undisbursed portion of construction loans in process 
and deferred loan origination fees and does not include the deduction for the allowance for loan losses.

19

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The following table sets forth the allocation of the allowance for loan losses by loan category at the dates indicated.

2016

2015

Percent
of Loans
in 
Category
to Total
Loans

Percent
of Loans
in 
Category
to Total
Loans

Amount

Amount

At September 30,

2014

Percent
of Loans
in 
Category
to Total
Loans

Amount

(Dollars in thousands)

2013

2012

Percent
of Loans
in 
Category
to Total
Loans

Amount

Percent
of Loans
in 
Category
to Total
Loans

Amount

Mortgage loans:

One- to four-family

$

1,239

16.38% $

1,480

17.42% $

1,650

16.10% $

1,449

17.73% $

Multi-family

Commercial

473

4,384

8.61

43.18

392

4,065

7.81

43.47

2
0

Construction - custom and owner/
builder
Construction - speculative one- to
four-family
Construction - commercial

Construction - multi-family

Construction - land development

Land

Non-mortgage loans:

Consumer loans

Commercial business loans

619

130

268

316

—

820

1,095

482

12.86

1,283

1.12

1.29

1.74

—

2.99

6.06

5.78

—

—

—

—

1,021

1,260

423

9.40

1.00

3.09

3.07

—

3.90

5.80

5.04

387

4,836

605

—

—

—

—

1,434

1,055

460

7.62

48.54

9.85

0.42

0.55

0.47

—

4.88

6.53

5.04

749

5,275

262

96

56

—

—

1,940

982

327

8.85

50.44

7.07

0.24

0.39

0.01

0.09

5.39

6.76

3.03

1,558

1,156

4,247

386

128

429

—

—

2,392

1,013

516

18.62%

8.38

45.20

5.88

0.33

3.57

0.07

0.10

6.99

6.88

3.98

Total allowance for loan losses $

9,826

100.00% $

9,924

100.00% $

10,427

100.00% $

11,136

100.00% $

11,825

100.00%

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Investment Activities

The investment policies of the Bank are established and monitored by the Board of Directors.  The policies are designed 
primarily to provide and maintain liquidity, to generate a favorable return on investments without incurring undue interest rate 
and credit risk, and to compliment the Bank’s lending activities.  These policies dictate the criteria for classifying securities as 
either available for sale or held to maturity.  The policies permit investment in various types of liquid assets permissible under 
applicable regulations, which include U.S. Treasury obligations, securities of various federal agencies, certificates of deposit of 
insured banks, federal funds, mortgage-backed securities, municipal bonds and mutual funds.  The Company's investment policy 
also permits investment in equity securities in certain financial service companies.

At September 30, 2016, the Bank’s investment portfolio totaled $8.9 million, consisting of $6.0 million of U.S. Treasury 
and U.S. government agency securities held to maturity, $1.5 million of mortgage-backed securities held to maturity, $976,000
of mutual funds available for sale and $366,000 of mortgage-backed securities available for sale.  The Bank does not maintain a 
trading account for any investments.  This compares with a total investment portfolio of $9.3 million at September 30, 2015, 
consisting of $6.0 million of U.S. Treasury and U.S. government agency securities held to maturity, $1.9 million of mortgage-
backed  securities  held  to  maturity,  $421,000  of  mortgage-backed  securities  available  for  sale  and  $971,000  of  mutual  funds 
available for sale.  The composition of the portfolios by type of security at the dates indicated is presented in the following table.

2016

Recorded
Amount

Percent of
Total

At September 30,
2015

Percent of
Recorded
Amount
Total
(Dollars in thousands)

2014

Recorded
Amount

Percent of
Total

6,006
1,505

67.84% $
17.00

6,004
1,909

64.52% $
20.52

3,016
2,282

36.98%
27.98

Held to Maturity:

U.S.Treasury and U.S.

government agency securities

$

Mortgage-backed securities

Available for Sale:

Mortgage-backed securities
Mutual funds

366
976

4.13
11.03

421
971

4.52
10.44

1,899
958

23.29
11.75

Total portfolio

$

8,853

100.0% $

9,305

100.0% $

8,155

100.0%

The following table sets forth the maturities and weighted average yields of the securities in the Bank's portfolio at 

September 30, 2016.  Mutual funds, which by their nature do not have maturities, are classified in the one year or less category.

One Year or Less
Yield

Amount

After One to
Five Years

After Five to
Ten Years

After Ten
Years

Amount

Yield

Amount

Yield

Amount

Yield

(Dollars in thousands)

Held to Maturity:

U.S. Treasury and U.S.
government agency
securities

$

Mortgage-backed

securities

Available for Sale:

Mortgage-backed

securities
Mutual funds

—

1

—% $

6,006

1.60% $

4.60

2

2.21

1
976

5.99
2.27

—
—

—
—

Total portfolio

$

978

2.28% $

6,008

1.60% $

21

—

16

—
—

16

—% $

—

—%

2.71

1,486

7.51

—
—

365
—

4.96
—

2.71% $

1,851

7.01%

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
There were no securities which had an aggregate book value in excess of 10% of the Bank’s total equity at September 30, 
2016.   At September 30, 2016, the Bank had $835,000 of private label mortgage-backed securities in the held to maturity investment 
securities portfolio of which $734,000 were on non-accrual status.  For additional information regarding investment securities, 
see “Item 1A. Risk Factors – Our investment securities portfolio may be negatively impacted by fluctuations in market value and 
interest rates and result in losses” and Note 3 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8 of this 
Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Deposit Activities and Other Sources of Funds

General.  Deposits and loan repayments are the major sources of the Bank's funds for lending and other investment 
purposes.  Scheduled  loan  repayments  are  a  relatively  stable  source  of  funds,  while  deposit  inflows  and  outflows  and  loan 
prepayments are influenced significantly by general interest rates and money market conditions.  Borrowings through the FHLB 
of Des Moines ("FHLB") and the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco ("FRB") may be used to compensate for reductions in 
the availability of funds from other sources.

Deposit Accounts.  Substantially all of the Bank's depositors are residents of Washington.  Deposits are attracted from 
within the Bank's market area through the offering of a broad selection of deposit instruments, including money market deposit 
accounts, checking accounts, regular savings accounts and certificates of deposit.  Deposit account terms vary, according to the 
minimum balance required, the time periods the funds must remain on deposit and the interest rate, among other factors.  In 
determining the terms of its deposit accounts, the Bank considers current market interest rates, profitability to the Bank, matching 
deposit and loan products and its customer preferences and concerns.  The Bank actively seeks consumer and commercial checking 
accounts through checking account acquisition marketing programs.  The Bank also has checking accounts owned by businesses 
associated with the marijuana (or Initiative-502) industry in Washington State.  It is permissible in Washington State to handle 
accounts associated with this industry in compliance with federal regulatory guidelines.  At September 30, 2016, the Bank had 
49.4% of total deposits in non-interest bearing accounts and NOW checking accounts, including $17.1 million, or 2.2% of total 
deposits from businesses associated with the marijuana industry.  See "Risk Factors- We operate in a highly regulated environment 
and may be adversely affected by changes in federal and state laws and regulations that are expected to increase our costs of 
operations."

At September 30, 2016, the Bank had $68.4 million of jumbo certificates of deposit of $100,000 or more.  The Bank had 
brokered certificates of deposit totaling $3.2 million and $6.9 million in brokered money market deposits at September 30, 2016. 
The Bank believes that its jumbo certificates of deposit, which represented 9.0% of total deposits at September 30, 2016, present 
similar interest rate risks as compared to its other deposits.

The following table sets forth information concerning the Bank's deposits at September 30, 2016. 

Category

Non-interest bearing demand
Negotiable order of withdrawal (“NOW”) checking
Savings
Money market

Subtotal

Certificates of Deposit (1)

Maturing within 1 year
Maturing after 1 year but within 2 years
Maturing after 2 years but within 5 years
Maturing after 5 years

Total certificates of deposit

Total deposits

______________________
(1)    

Based on remaining maturity of certificates.

22

Weighted
Average
Interest 
Rate

Percentage
of Total
Deposits

Amount
(Dollars in thousands)

—% $

0.24
0.05
0.31
0.21

172,283
203,812
123,474
113,991
613,560

0.59
0.82
1.42
1.74
0.79
0.37% $

88,060
26,548
33,353
13
147,974
761,534

22.63%
26.76
16.21
14.97
80.57

11.56
3.49
4.38
—
19.43
100.00%

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The following table indicates the amount of the Bank's jumbo certificates of deposit by time remaining until maturity as 
of September 30, 2016.  Jumbo certificates of deposit have principal balances of $100,000 or more, and the rates paid on these 
accounts are generally negotiable.

Maturity Period

Three months or less
Over three through six months
Over six through twelve months
Over twelve months

Total

Amount
(Dollars in thousands)
8,591
$
13,947
15,284
30,615
68,437

$

Deposit Flow.  The following table sets forth the balances of deposits in the various types of accounts offered by the 

Bank at the dates indicated.

At September 30,

2016

Percent
of
Total

Amount

Increase
(Decrease)

Amount

2015

Percent
of
Total

Increase
(Decrease)

Amount

2014

Percent
of
Total

(Dollars in thousands)

Non-interest-bearing demand

$

172,283

22.62% $

30,895

$

141,388

20.82% $

34,971

$

106,417

17.30%

NOW checking

Savings

Money market

Certificates of deposit which
mature:

Within 1 year

After 1 year, but within 2 years

After 2 years, but within 5
years

Certificates maturing
thereafter

203,812

123,474

113,991

88,060

26,548

33,353

13

26.76

16.21

14.97

11.56

3.49

4.38

—

23,184

13,159

21,515

180,628

110,315

92,476

(5,822)

(6,868)

93,882

33,416

7,078

26,275

(519)

532

26.61

16.25

13.62

13.83

4.92

3.87

0.08

19,880

14,650

3,477

160,748

95,665

88,999

(4,621)

670

98,503

32,746

(4,306)

30,581

(925)

1,457

26.13

15.55

14.47

16.01

5.32

4.97

0.25

Total

$

761,534

100.0% $

82,622

$

678,912

100.0% $

63,796

$

615,116

100.00%

Certificates of Deposit by Rates.  The following table sets forth the certificates of deposit in the Bank classified by rates 

as of the dates indicated.

0.00 - 1.99%
2.00 - 3.99%
4.00 - 5.99%

Total

$

$

144,814
2,900
260
147,974

2016

At September 30,
2015
(Dollars in thousands)
$

$

144,083
9,762
260
154,105

$

$

2014

145,098
16,776
1,413
163,287

Certificates of Deposit by Maturities.  The following table sets forth the amount and maturities of certificates of deposit 

at September 30, 2016.

Amount Due

Less Than
One Year

One to
Two
Years

After
Two to
Five
Years
(Dollars in thousands)
$

$

26,446
—
102
26,548

$

30,510
2,690
153
33,353

After
Five Years

Total

13
—
—
13

$

$

144,820
2,899
255
147,974

$

0.00 - 1.99%
2.00 - 3.99%
4.00 - 5.99%

Total

$

$

87,851
209
—
88,060

$

$

23

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Deposit Activities.  The following table sets forth the deposit activities of the Bank for the periods indicated.

Beginning balance
Net deposits before interest credited
Interest credited
Net increase in deposits
Ending balance

$

$

678,912
80,581
2,041
82,622
761,534

615,116
61,792
2,004
63,796
678,912

$

$

608,262
4,788
2,066
6,854
615,116

2016

Year Ended September 30,
2015
(Dollars in thousands)
$

$

2014

Borrowings.  Deposits  and  loan  repayments  are  generally  the  primary  source  of  funds  for  the  Bank's  lending  and 
investment activities and for general business purposes.  The Bank has the ability to use borrowings from the FHLB of Des Moines 
(on May 31, 2015, the FHLB of Seattle merged into the FHLB of Des Moines) to supplement its supply of lendable funds and to 
meet deposit withdrawal requirements.  The FHLB functions as a central reserve bank providing credit for member financial 
institutions.  As a member of the FHLB, the Bank is required to own capital stock in the FHLB and is authorized to apply for 
borrowings on the security of such stock and certain mortgage loans and other assets (principally securities which are obligations 
of, or guaranteed by, the U.S. government) provided certain creditworthiness standards have been met.  Borrowings are made 
pursuant to several different credit programs.  Each credit program has its own interest rate and range of maturities.  Depending 
on the program, limitations on the amount of borrowings are based on the financial condition of the member institution and the 
adequacy of collateral pledged to secure the credit. At September 30, 2016, the Bank maintained an uncommitted credit facility 
with the FHLB that provided for immediately available borrowings up to an aggregate amount to 35% of the Bank’s total assets, 
limited by available collateral, under which $30.0 million in borrowings were outstanding.  The Bank also has a Letter of Credit 
("LOC") of up to $22.0 million with the FHLB for the purpose of collateralizing Washington State public deposits. The LOC 
amount reduces the Bank's available FHLB borrowings.  The Bank maintains a short-term borrowing line of credit with the FRB 
with total credit based on eligible collateral.  At September 30, 2016, the Bank had no outstanding balance and $60.4 million in 
unused borrowing capacity on this borrowing line of credit.  A short-term borrowing line of credit of $10.0 million is also maintained 
at Pacific Coast Bankers' Bank ("PCBB").  The Bank had no outstanding balance on this borrowing line of credit at September 30, 
2016. 

The following table sets forth certain information regarding borrowings, including repurchase agreements, by the Bank 

at the end of and during the periods indicated:

Average total borrowings

At or For the
Year Ended September 30,
2015
(Dollars in thousands)

2016

2014

$

44,959

$

45,000

$

45,000

Weighted average rate paid on total borrowings

4.52% (1)

4.19%

4.16%

Total borrowings outstanding at end of period

$

30,000

$

45,000

$

45,000

________________________
(1)   Includes a prepayment penalty of $138,000. The weighted average rate without the prepayment penalty was 4.21%.

The Bank did not have any short-term borrowings for the years ended September 30, 2016, 2015 and 2014.

Bank Owned Life Insurance

The  Bank  has  purchased  life  insurance  policies  covering  certain  officers.  These  policies  are  recorded  at  their  cash 
surrender value, net of any cash surrender charges.  Increases in cash surrender value, net of policy premiums, and proceeds from 
death benefits are recorded in non-interest income.  At September 30, 2016, the cash surrender value of bank owned life insurance 
(“BOLI”) was $18.7 million.

24

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
How We Are Regulated

General.  As a bank holding company, Timberland Bancorp is subject to examination and supervision by, and is required 
to file certain reports with, the Federal Reserve.  Timberland Bancorp is also subject to the rules and regulations of the SEC under 
the federal securities laws.  As a state-chartered savings bank, the Bank is subject to regulation and oversight by the Division and 
the applicable provisions of Washington law and regulations of the Division adopted thereunder.  The Bank also is subject to 
regulation and examination by the FDIC, which insures the deposits of the Bank to the maximum extent permitted by law, and 
requirements established by the Federal Reserve.  State law and regulations govern the Bank's ability to take deposits and pay 
interest thereon, to make loans on or invest in residential and other real estate, to make consumer loans, to invest in securities, to 
offer various banking services to its customers and to establish branch offices.  Under state law, savings banks in Washington also 
generally have all of the powers that federal savings banks have under federal laws and regulations.  The Bank is subject to periodic 
examination and reporting requirements by and of the Division and the FDIC.

The following is a brief description of certain laws and regulations applicable to Timberland Bancorp and the Bank.  
Descriptions of laws and regulations here and elsewhere in this report do not purport to be complete and are qualified in their 
entirety by reference to the actual laws and regulations.  Legislation is introduced from time to time in the U.S. Congress or the 
Washington State Legislature that may affect the operations of Timberland Bancorp and the Bank.  In addition, the regulations 
governing the Company and the Bank may be amended from time to time by the FDIC, DFI, Federal Reserve and the Consumer 
Financial  Protection  Bureau  ("CFPB").   Any  such  legislation  or  regulatory  changes  in  the  future  could  adversely  affect  the 
Company's and the Bank's operations and financial condition.  We cannot predict whether any such changes may occur.

The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (the “Dodd-Frank Act”), which was enacted in July 
2010, imposed new restrictions and an expanded framework of regulatory oversight for financial institutions, including depository 
institutions and their holding companies. Among other changes, the Dodd-Frank Act established the CFPB as an independent 
bureau of the Federal Reserve Board. The CFPB assumed responsibility for the implementation of the federal financial consumer 
protection and fair lending laws and regulations and has authority to impose new requirements.  The Bank is subject to consumer 
protection regulations issued by the CFPB, but as a smaller financial institution, the Bank is generally subject to supervision and 
enforcement by the FDIC and the DFI with respect to its compliance with consumer financial protection laws and CFPB regulations.

Many aspects of the Dodd-Frank Act are subject to delayed effective dates and/or rulemaking by the federal banking 
agencies, and their impact on operations cannot yet fully be assessed.  However, it is likely that the Dodd-Frank Act will increase 
regulatory burden, compliance costs and interest expense for the Bank, Timberland Bancorp and the financial services industry 
more generally.

Regulation of the Bank

The Bank, as a state-chartered savings bank, is subject to regulation and oversight by the FDIC and the Division extending 

to all aspects of its operations.  

Federal and State Enforcement Authority and Actions. As part of its supervisory authority over Washington-chartered 
savings banks, the Division may initiate enforcement proceedings to obtain a consent order to cease and desist against an institution 
believed to have engaged in unsafe and unsound practices or to have violated a law, regulation, or other regulatory limit, including 
a written agreement. The FDIC also has the authority to initiate enforcement actions against insured institutions for similar reasons 
and may terminate the deposit insurance if it determines that an institution has engaged in unsafe or unsound practices or is in an 
unsafe or unsound condition. Both of these agencies may utilize less formal supervisory tools to address their concerns about the 
condition, operations or compliance status of a savings bank.

Insurance of Accounts and Regulation by the FDIC.  The deposit insurance fund, or the DIF of the FDIC insures 
deposit accounts in the Bank up to $250,000 per separately insured depositor.  As insurer, the FDIC imposes deposit insurance 
premiums and is authorized to conduct examinations of and to require reporting by FDIC-insured institutions.  The Bank's deposit 
insurance premiums for the year ended September 30, 2016 were $448,000.  

Under the FDIC's risk-based assessment system, insured institutions are assigned to one of four risk categories based on 
supervisory evaluations, regulatory capital levels and certain other risk factors.  Rates are based on each institution's risk category 
and certain specified risk adjustments whereby stronger institutions pay lower rates while riskier institutions pay higher rates.  
Assessments are based on an institution's average consolidated total assets minus average tangible equity with an assessment rate 
schedule ranging from 2.5 to 45 basis points.  The FDIC has authority to increase insurance assessments, and any significant 
increases would have an adverse effect on the operating expenses and results of operations of the Bank.  Management cannot 
predict what assessment rates will be in the future.

25

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
As insurer, the FDIC is authorized to conduct examinations of and to require reporting by FDIC-insured institutions.  It 
also may prohibit any FDIC-insured institution from engaging in any activity the FDIC determines by regulation or order to pose 
a serious threat to the DIF.  The FDIC also has the authority to take enforcement actions against banks and savings associations.  
Management is not aware of any existing circumstances which would result in termination of the Bank's deposit insurance.

In addition to the assessment for deposit insurance, institutions are required to make payments on bonds issued in the 
late 1980s by the Financing Corporation to recapitalize a predecessor deposit insurance fund.  These assessments, which may be 
revised based upon the level of DIF deposits, will continue until the bonds mature in the years 2017 through 2019.  The Financing 
Corporation was chartered in 1987 solely for the purpose of functioning as a vehicle for the recapitalization or the deposit insurance 
system.

A significant increase in insurance premiums would likely have an adverse effect on the operating expenses and results 

of operations of the Bank.  

Prompt Corrective Action.  Federal statutes establish a supervisory framework based on five capital categories:  well 
capitalized,  adequately  capitalized,  undercapitalized,  significantly  undercapitalized  and  critically  undercapitalized.  An 
institution’s category depends upon where its capital levels are in relation to relevant capital measures, which include a risk-based 
capital measure, a leverage ratio capital measure and certain other factors.  An institution that is not well capitalized is subject to 
certain restrictions on brokered deposits, including restrictions on the rates it can offer on its deposits generally. Any institution 
which is neither well capitalized nor adequately capitalized is considered undercapitalized.  Under these regulations, an institution 
is treated as well capitalized if it has (i) a total risk-based capital ratio of 10.0% or more, (ii) a common equity Tier 1 risk-based 
capital ratio of 6.5% or more, (iii) a Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio of 8.0% or more, and (iv) a leverage ratio of 5.0% or more, and 
is not subject to any specified requirements to meet and maintain a specific capital level for any capital measure.

Undercapitalized  institutions  are  subject  to  certain  prompt  corrective  action  requirements,  regulatory  controls  and 
restrictions which become more extensive as an institution becomes more severely undercapitalized.  Failure by an institution to 
comply with applicable capital requirements would, if unremedied, result in progressively more severe restrictions on its activities 
and lead to enforcement actions, including, but not limited to, the issuance of a capital directive to ensure the maintenance of 
required capital levels and, ultimately, the appointment of the FDIC as receiver or conservator.  Banking regulators will take prompt 
corrective action with respect to depository institutions that do not meet minimum capital requirements.  Additionally, approval 
of any regulatory application filed for their review may be dependent on compliance with capital requirements.

At September 30, 2016, the Bank was categorized as “well capitalized” under the prompt corrective action regulations 
of  the  FDIC.  For  additional  information  regarding  the  Bank's  minimum  regulatory  capital  requirements,  see  "Capital 
Requirements" below and Note 16 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements contained in “Item 8. Financial Statements 
and Supplementary Data” of this Form 10-K.

Capital Requirements.  Effective January 1, 2015 (with some changes transitioned into full effectiveness over two to 
four years), the Bank became subject to new capital regulations adopted by the FDIC, which created a new required ratio for 
common equity Tier 1 ("CET1") capital, increased the minimum leverage and Tier 1 capital ratios, changed the risk-weightings 
of certain assets for purposes of the risk-based capital ratios, created an additional capital conservation buffer over the required 
capital ratios, and changed what qualifies as capital for purposes of meeting the capital requirements.  These regulations implement 
the regulatory capital reforms required by the Dodd Frank Act and the "Basel III" requirements. 

Under the new capital regulations, the minimum capital level requirements applicable to the Company and the Bank are 
(i) a CET1 capital ratio of 4.5%; (ii) a Tier 1 capital ratio of 6.0%;  (iii) a total capital ratio of 8.0%; and (iv) a Tier 1 leverage 
ratio of 4.0% for all institutions.  CET1 generally consists of common stock; retained earnings; accumulated other comprehensive 
income ("AOCI") unless an institution elects to exclude AOCI from regulatory capital; and certain minority interests; all subject 
to applicable regulatory adjustments and deductions.  Tier 1 capital generally consists of CET1 and noncumulative perpetual 
preferred stock.  Tier 2 capital generally consists of other preferred stock and subordinated debt meeting certain conditions plus 
an amount of the allowance for loan and lease losses up to 1.25% of assets.  Total capital is the sum of Tier 1 and Tier 2 capital.

In addition to the minimum capital requirements, the Bank must maintain a capital conservation buffer that consists of 
additional CET1 capital greater than 2.5% of risk-weighted assets above the required minimum levels in order to avoid limitations 
on paying dividends, repurchasing shares and paying discretionary bonuses.  The capital conservation buffer requirement is subject 
to a phase-in period that began on January 1, 2016 with the requirement for a buffer of greater than 0.625% of risk-weighted assets.  
This capital conservation buffer will increase each year until the capital conservation buffer requirement is fully implemented on 
January 1, 2019.

26

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
In addition to the capital requirements, there are a number of changes in what constitutes regulatory capital, subject to 
transition periods. These changes include the phasing-out of certain instruments of qualifying capital. The Bank did not have any 
of these instruments at September 30, 2016. Mortgage servicing rights and deferred tax assets over designated percentages of 
CET1 will be deducted from capital, subject to a four-year transition period. CET1 capital consists of Tier 1 capital less all capital 
components that are not considered common equity. In addition, Tier 1 capital will include accumulated other comprehensive 
income (loss), which includes all unrealized gains and losses on available for sale debt and equity securities, subject to a four-
year transition period. Because of the Bank's asset size, it was not considered an advanced approaches banking organization and 
elected in the first quarter of calendar year 2015 to take the one-time option of deciding to permanently opt-out of the inclusion 
of unrealized gains and losses on available for sale debt and equity securities in its capital calculations.

The new requirements also include changes in the risk-weighting of assets to better reflect credit risk and other risk 
exposure.  These  include  a  150%  risk  weight  (up  from  100%)  for  certain  high  volatility  commercial  real  estate  acquisition 
development and construction loans and for non-residential mortgage loans that are 90 days or more past due or otherwise on non-
accrual status; a 20% (up from 0%) credit conversion factor for the unused portion of a commitment with an original maturity of 
one year or less that is not unconditionally cancellable; and a 250% risk weight (up from 100%) for mortgage servicing rights and 
deferred tax assets that are not deducted from capital.

Under the new standards, in order to be considered well-capitalized, the Bank must have a CET1 risk-based capital ratio 
of 6.5% (new), a Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio of 8.0% (increased from 6.0%), a total risk-based capital ratio of 10.0% (unchanged) 
and a Tier 1 leverage capital ratio of 5.0% (unchanged).

At September 30, 2016, the Bank exceeded all regulatory capital requirements and was categorized as "well capitalized" 

under the regulations of the FDIC.

The following table compares the Bank's actual capital amounts at September 30, 2016 to its minimum regulatory capital 

requirements at that date (Dollars in thousands):

Actual

Regulatory Minimum To
Be "Adequately
Capitalized

To Be "Well Capitalized"
Under Prompt Corrective
Action Provisions

Amount

Ratio

Amount

Ratio

Amount

Ratio

Leverage Capital Ratio:

Tier 1 capital

$

90,266

10.26% $

35,183

4.00% $

43,979

5.00%

Risk-based Capital Ratios:

Common equity tier 1 capital

90,266

14.34

28,318

Tier 1 capital

90,266

14.34

37,758

Total capital

98,158

15.60

50,344

4.50

6.00

8.00

40,904

6.50

50,344

8.00

62,930

10.00

The  FDIC  also  has  authority  to  establish  individual  minimum  capital  requirements  in  appropriate  cases  upon  a 
determination  that  an  institution's  capital  level  is  or  may  become  inadequate  in  light  of  particular  risks  or  circumstances.  
Management  of  the  Bank  believes  that,  under  the  current  regulations,  the  Bank  will  continue  to  meet  its  minimum  capital 
requirements in the foreseeable future.

For  additional  information  regarding  the  Bank's  regulatory  capital  requirements,  see  Note  16  of  the  Notes  to  the 

Consolidated Financial Statements contained in "Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data" of this Form 10-K.

Federal Home Loan Bank System. The Bank is a member of the FHLB of Des Moines which is one of 11 regional 
FHLBs that administer the home financing credit function of savings institutions.  Each FHLB serves as a reserve or central bank 
for its members within its assigned region.  It is funded primarily from proceeds derived from the sale of consolidated obligations 
of the FHLB System.  It makes loans  to members in accordance with policies and procedures, established by the Board of Directors 
of the FHLB, which are subject to the oversight of the Federal Housing Finance Board.  All borrowings from the FHLB are required 

27

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
to be fully secured by sufficient collateral as determined by the FHLB.  In addition, all long-term borrowings are required to 
provide funds for residential home financing.  See “Deposit Activities and Other Sources of Funds – Borrowings" above.

As a member, the Bank is required to purchase and maintain stock in the FHLB of Des Moines based on the Bank's asset 
size and level of borrowings from the FHLB.  At September 30, 2016, the Bank had $2.2 million in FHLB stock, which was in 
compliance with this requirement.  The FHLB pays dividends quarterly, and the Bank received $86,000 in dividends during the 
year ended September 30, 2016. 

The FHLBs continue to contribute to low- and moderately-priced housing programs through direct loans or interest 
subsidies on borrowings targeted for community investment and low- and moderate-income housing projects.  These contributions 
have adversely affected the level of FHLB dividends paid and could continue to do so in the future.  These contributions could 
also have an adverse effect on the value of FHLB stock in the future.  A reduction in value of the Bank's FHLB stock may result 
in a decrease in net income and possibly capital.

Standards  for  Safety  and  Soundness.  The  federal  banking  regulatory  agencies  have  prescribed,  by  regulation, 
guidelines for all insured depository institutions relating to: internal controls, information systems and internal audit systems, loan 
documentation,  credit  underwriting,  interest  rate  risk  exposure,  asset  growth,  asset  quality,  earnings,  compensation,  fees  and 
benefits.  The guidelines set forth the safety and soundness standards that the federal banking agencies use to identify and address 
problems at insured depository institutions before capital becomes impaired.  Each insured depository institution must implement 
a comprehensive written information security program that includes administrative, technical and physical safeguards appropriate 
to the institution’s size and complexity and the nature and scope of its activities.  The information security program also must be 
designed to ensure the security and confidentiality of customer information, protect against any unanticipated threats or hazards 
to the security or integrity of such information, protect against unauthorized access to or use of such information that could result 
in substantial harm or inconvenience to any customer, and ensure the proper disposal of customer and consumer information.  Each 
insured depository institution must also develop and implement a risk-based response program to address incidents of unauthorized 
access to customer information in customer information systems.  If the FDIC determines that the Bank fails to meet any standard 
prescribed by the guidelines, it may require the Bank to submit to the agency an acceptable plan to achieve compliance with the 
standard.  FDIC  regulations  establish  deadlines  for  the  submission  and  review  of  such  safety  and  soundness  compliance 
plans.  Management of the Bank is not aware of any conditions relating to these safety and soundness standards which would 
require submission of a plan of compliance.

Real Estate Lending Standards.  FDIC regulations require the Bank to adopt and maintain written policies that establish 
appropriate limits and standards for real estate loans.  These standards, which must be consistent with safe and sound banking 
practices, must establish loan portfolio diversification standards, prudent underwriting standards (including loan-to-value ratio 
limits) that are clear and measurable, loan administration procedures, and documentation, approval and reporting requirements.  The 
Bank is obligated to monitor conditions in its real estate markets to ensure that its standards continue to be appropriate for current 
market conditions.  The Bank’s Board of Directors is required to review and approve the Bank’s standards at least annually.  The 
FDIC has published guidelines for compliance with these regulations, including supervisory limitations on loan-to-value ratios 
for different categories of real estate loans.  Under the guidelines, the aggregate amount of all loans in excess of the supervisory 
loan-to-value ratios should not exceed 100% of total capital, and the total of all loans for commercial, agricultural, multi-family 
or other non-one- to four-family residential properties in excess of the supervisory loan-to-value ratio should not exceed 30% of 
total capital.  Loans in excess of the supervisory loan-to-value ratio limitations must be identified in the Bank’s records and reported 
at least quarterly to the Bank’s Board of Directors.  The Bank is in compliance with the record and reporting requirements.  As of 
September 30, 2016, the Bank’s aggregate loans in excess of the supervisory loan-to-value ratios were 1.5% of total capital and 
there were no loans on commercial, agricultural, multi-family or other non-one- to four-family residential properties in excess 
of the supervisory loan-to-value ratios.

Activities  and  Investments  of  Insured  State-Chartered  Financial  Institutions.  Federal  law  generally  limits  the 
activities and equity investments of FDIC-insured state-chartered banks to those that are permissible for national banks.  An insured 
state bank is not prohibited from, among other things, (i) acquiring or retaining a majority interest in a subsidiary, (ii) investing 
as a limited partner in a partnership, the sole purpose of which is direct or indirect investment in the acquisition, rehabilitation or 
new construction of a qualified housing project, provided that such limited partnership investments may not exceed 2% of the 
bank's total assets, (iii) acquiring up to 10% of the voting stock of a company that solely provides or reinsures directors' and 
officers' liability insurance coverage or bankers' blanket bond group insurance coverage for insured depository institutions, and 
(iv)  acquiring  or  retaining  the  voting  shares  of  a  depository  institution  owned  by  another  FDIC-insured  institution  if  certain 
requirements are met.

Washington State has enacted a law regarding financial institution parity.  Primarily, the law affords Washington-chartered 
commercial banks the same powers as Washington-chartered savings banks.  In order for a bank to exercise these powers, it must 
28

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
provide 30 days notice to the Director of Financial Institutions, and the Director must authorize the requested activity.  In addition, 
the law provides that Washington-chartered savings banks may exercise any of the powers of Washington-chartered commercial 
banks, national banks and federally-chartered savings banks, subject to the approval of the Director in certain situations.  Finally, 
the law provides additional flexibility for Washington-chartered commercial and savings banks with respect to interest rates on 
loans  and  other  extensions  of  credit.  Specifically,  they  may  charge  the  maximum  interest  rate  allowable  for  loans  and  other 
extensions of credit by federally-chartered financial institutions to Washington residents.

Environmental  Issues  Associated  With  Real  Estate  Lending.  The  Comprehensive  Environmental  Response, 
Compensation and Liability Act (“CERCLA”) is a federal statute that generally imposes strict liability on all prior and present 
"owners and operators" of sites containing hazardous waste.  However,  Congress acted to protect secured creditors by providing 
that the term “owner and operator” excludes a person whose ownership is limited to protecting its security interest in the site.  Since 
the enactment of the CERCLA, this “secured creditor exemption” has been the subject of judicial interpretations which have left 
open the possibility that lenders could be liable for cleanup costs on contaminated property that they hold as collateral for a loan.

To the extent that legal uncertainty exists in this area, all creditors, including the Bank, that have made loans secured by 
properties with potential hazardous waste contamination (such as petroleum contamination) could be subject to liability for cleanup 
costs, which costs often substantially exceed the value of the collateral property.

Federal  Reserve  System.  The  Federal  Reserve  Board  requires  that  all  depository  institutions  maintain  reserves  on 
transaction accounts or non-personal time deposits.  These reserves may be in the form of cash or non-interest-bearing deposits 
with the regional Federal Reserve Bank.  Negotiable order of withdrawal ("NOW") accounts and other types of accounts that 
permit payments or transfers to third parties fall within the definition of transaction accounts and are subject to reserve requirements, 
as are any non-personal time deposits at a savings bank.  As of September 30, 2016, the Bank’s deposit with the Federal Reserve 
and vault cash exceeded its Regulation D reserve requirements.

Affiliate Transactions.  Federal laws strictly limit the ability of banks to engage in certain transactions with their affiliates, 
including their bank holding companies.  Transactions deemed to be a “covered transaction” under Section 23A of the Federal 
Reserve Act and between a subsidiary bank and its parent company or the nonbank subsidiaries of the bank holding company are 
limited to 10% of the bank subsidiary’s capital and surplus and, with respect to the parent company and all such nonbank subsidiaries, 
to an aggregate of 20% of the bank subsidiary’s capital and surplus.  Further, covered transactions that are loans and extensions 
of credit generally are required to be secured by eligible collateral in specified amounts.  Federal law also requires that covered 
transactions and certain other transactions listed in Section 23B of the Federal Reserve Act between a bank and its affiliates be on 
terms as favorable to the bank as transactions with non-affiliates.

Community Reinvestment Act. Banks are also subject to the provisions of the Community Reinvestment Act of 1977 
(“CRA”), which requires the appropriate federal bank regulatory agency to assess a bank’s performance under the CRA in meeting 
the credit needs of the community serviced by the bank, including low and moderate income neighborhoods.  The regulatory 
agency’s assessment of the bank’s record is made available to the public.  Further, a bank’s performance must be considered in 
connection with a bank’s application to, among other things, establish a new branch office that will accept deposits, relocate an 
existing office or merge or consolidate with, or acquire the assets or assume the liabilities of, a federally regulated financial 
institution.  The Bank received a “satisfactory” rating during its most recent examination.

Dividends.  Dividends from the Bank constitute the major source of funds available for dividends which may be paid to 
Company shareholders.  The amount of dividends payable by the Bank to the Company depends upon the Bank's earnings and 
capital position, and is limited by federal and state laws, regulations and policies. According to Washington law, the Bank may 
not declare or pay a cash dividend on its capital stock if it would cause its net worth to be reduced below (i) the amount required 
for liquidation accounts or (ii) the net worth requirements, if any, imposed by the Director of the Division.  In addition, dividends 
on the Bank's capital stock may not be paid in an aggregate amount greater than the aggregate retained earnings of the Bank, 
without the approval of the Director of the Division.

The amount of dividends actually paid during any one period will be strongly affected by the Bank's management policy 
of maintaining a strong capital position.  Federal law further provides that no insured depository institution may pay a cash dividend 
if it would cause the institution to be “undercapitalized,” as defined in the prompt corrective action regulations.  Moreover, the 
federal bank regulatory agencies also have the general authority to limit the dividends paid by insured banks if such payments 
should be deemed to constitute an unsafe and unsound practice.

Other Consumer Protection Laws and Regulations.  The Bank is subject to a broad array of federal and state consumer 
protection laws and regulations that govern almost every aspect of its business relationships with consumers.  While the list set 
forth below is not exhaustive, these include the Truth-in-Lending Act, the Truth in Savings Act, the Electronic Fund Transfer Act, 
29

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
the Expedited Funds Availability Act, the Equal Credit Opportunity Act, the Fair Housing Act, the Real Estate Settlement Procedures 
Act,  the  Home  Mortgage  Disclosure Act,  the  Fair  Credit  Reporting Act,  the  Fair  Debt  Collection  Practices Act,  the  Right  to 
Financial Privacy Act, the Home Ownership and Equity Protection Act, the Consumer Leasing Act, the Fair Credit Billing Act, 
the Homeowners Protection Act, the Check Clearing for the 21st Century Act, laws governing flood insurance, laws governing 
consumer protections in connection with the sale of insurance, federal and state laws prohibiting unfair and deceptive business 
practices,  and  various  regulations  that  implement  some  or  all  of  the  foregoing.  These  laws  and  regulations  mandate  certain 
disclosure requirements and regulate the manner in which financial institutions must deal with customers when taking deposits, 
making loans, collecting loans, and providing other services.  Failure to comply with these laws and regulations can subject the 
Bank to various penalties, including but not limited to, enforcement actions, injunctions, fines, civil liability, criminal penalties, 
punitive damages, and the loss of certain contractual rights.

Regulation of the Company

General.  The Company, as the sole shareholder of the Bank, is a bank holding company registered with the Federal 
Reserve.  Bank  holding  companies  are  subject  to  comprehensive  regulation  by  the  Federal  Reserve  under  the  Bank  Holding 
Company Act of 1956, as amended (“BHCA”), and the regulations promulgated thereunder.  This regulation and oversight is 
generally intended to ensure that the Company limits its activities to those allowed by law and that it operates in a safe and sound 
manner without endangering the financial health of the Bank.

As a bank holding company, the Company is required to file quarterly reports with the Federal Reserve and any additional 
information required by the Federal Reserve and is subject to regular examinations by the Federal Reserve.  The Federal Reserve 
also has extensive enforcement authority over bank holding companies, including the ability to assess civil money penalties, to 
issue  cease  and  desist  or  removal  orders  and  to  require  that  a  holding  company  divest  subsidiaries  (including  its  bank 
subsidiaries).  In  general,  enforcement  actions  may  be  initiated  for  violations  of  laws  and  regulations  and  unsafe  or  unsound 
practices.

BHCA.  The Company is supervised by the Federal Reserve under the BHCA.  Federal Reserve policy requires that a 
bank holding company serve as a source of financial and managerial strength to its subsidiary banks and may not conduct its 
operations in an unsafe or unsound manner.  In addition, the Federal Reserve provides that bank holding companies should serve 
as a source of strength to its subsidiary banks by being prepared to use available resources to provide adequate capital funds to 
its subsidiary banks during periods of financial stress or adversity, and should maintain the financial flexibility and capital raising 
capacity to obtain additional resources for assisting its subsidiary banks.  A bank holding company's failure to meet its obligation 
to serve as a source of strength to its subsidiary bank will generally be considered by the Federal Reserve to be an unsafe and 
unsound banking practice or a violation of the Federal Reserve's regulations or both.

Under the BHCA, the Federal Reserve may approve the ownership of shares by a bank holding company in any company 
the activities of which the Federal Reserve has determined to be so closely related to the business of banking or managing or 
controlling banks as to be a proper incident thereto.  These activities generally include, among others, operating a savings institution, 
mortgage  company,  finance  company,  escrow  company,  credit  card  company  or  factoring  company;  performing  certain  data 
processing operations; providing certain investment and financial advice; underwriting and acting as an insurance agent for certain 
types of credit related insurance; leasing property on a full payout, non-operating basis; selling money orders, travelers’ checks 
and U.S. Savings Bonds; real estate and personal property appraising; providing tax planning and preparation services; and, subject 
to certain limitations, providing securities brokerage services for customers.

Acquisitions.  The BHCA prohibits a bank holding company, with certain exceptions, from acquiring direct or indirect 
ownership or control of more than 5% of the voting shares of any company that is not a bank or bank holding company and from 
engaging directly or indirectly in activities other than those of banking, managing or controlling banks, or providing services for 
its subsidiaries.  A bank holding company that meets certain supervisory and financial standards and elects to be designated as a 
financial holding company may also engage in certain securities, insurance and merchant banking activities and other activities 
determined to be financial in nature or incidental to financial activities.  

Interstate Banking.  The Federal Reserve may approve an application of a bank holding company to acquire control of, 
or acquire all or substantially all of the assets of, a bank located in a state other than such holding company's home state, without 
regard to whether the transaction is prohibited by the laws of any state except with respect to the acquisition of a bank that has 
not been in existence for the minimum time period, not exceeding five years, specified by the law of the host state.  The Federal 
Reserve may not approve an application if the applicant controls or would control more than 10% of the insured deposits in the 
U.S. or 30% or more of the deposits in the target bank's home state or in any state in which the target bank maintains a branch.  Federal 
law does not affect the authority of states to limit the percentage of total insured deposits in the state that may be held or controlled 

30

 
 
        
 
 
 
 
 
by  a  bank  holding  company  to  the  extent  such  limitation  does  not  discriminate  against  out-of-state  banks  or  bank  holding 
companies.  Individual states may also waive the 30% state-wide concentration limit contained in the federal law.

The federal banking agencies are authorized to approve interstate merger transactions without regard to whether such 
transaction is prohibited by the law of any state, unless the home state of one of the banks adopted a law prior to June 1, 1997 
which applies equally to all out-of-state banks and expressly prohibits merger transactions involving out-of-state banks. Interstate 
acquisitions  of  branches  will  be  permitted  only  if  the  law  of  the  state  in  which  the  branch  is  located  permits  such 
acquisitions.  Interstate  mergers  and  branch  acquisitions  will  also  be  subject  to  the  nationwide  and  statewide  insured  deposit 
concentration amounts described above.

Dividends.  Federal Reserve policy limits the payment of cash dividends by bank holding companies, which expresses 
the Federal Reserve's view that a bank holding company should pay cash dividends only to the extent that the company's net 
income for the past year is sufficient to cover both the cash dividends and a rate of earning retention that is consistent with the 
company's capital needs, asset quality and overall financial condition, and that it is inappropriate for a company experiencing 
serious financial problems to borrow funds to pay dividends.  Under Washington corporate law, the Company generally may not 
pay dividends if after that payment it would not be able to pay its liabilities as they become due in the usual course of business, 
or its total assets would be less than its total liabilities.

Stock  Repurchases.  Bank  holding  companies,  except  for  certain  “well-capitalized”  and  highly  rated  bank  holding 
companies, are required to give the Federal Reserve prior written notice of any purchase or redemption of its outstanding equity 
securities if the consideration for the purchase or redemption, when combined with the net consideration paid for all such purchases 
or redemptions during the preceding 12 months, is equal to 10% or more of their consolidated net worth.  The Federal Reserve 
may disapprove a purchase or redemption if it determines that the proposal would constitute an unsafe or unsound practice or 
would violate any law, regulation, Federal Reserve order, or any condition imposed by, or written agreement with, the Federal 
Reserve.  

Capital Requirements.  As a bank holding company registered with the Federal Reserve, the Company is subject to the 
capital adequacy requirements of the Federal Reserve under the BHCA and the regulations of the Federal Reserve. For a bank 
holding company with less than $1.0 billion in assets, the capital guidelines apply on a bank only basis, and the Federal Reserve 
expects the holding company's subsidiary bank to be well capitalized under the prompt corrective action regulations. If the Company 
were subject to regulatory guidelines for bank holding companies with $1.0 billion or more in assets, at September 30, 2016, the 
Company would have exceeded all regulatory requirements.

The following table presents the regulatory capital ratios for the Company as of September 30, 2016 (Dollars in thousands):

Actual

Amount

Ratio

Leverage Capital Ratio:

Tier 1 capital

$

92,860

10.54%

Risk-based Capital Ratios:

Common equity tier 1 capital

Tier 1 capital

Total capital

92,860

92,860

100,755

14.75

14.75

16.00

For additional information see Note 16 to the Consolidated Financial Statements contained in "Item 8. Financial Statements 

and Supplementary Data" of this Form 10-K.

The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010.  On July 21, 2010, the Dodd-Frank Act 
was signed into law.  The Dodd-Frank-Act imposes new restrictions and an expanded framework of regulatory oversight for 
financial institutions, including depository institutions, and implements new capital regulations that Timberland Bancorp has or 
will become subject to and that are discussed above under “Regulation and Supervision of the Bank - Capital Requirements.” In 
addition, among other changes, the Dodd-Frank Act requires public companies, such as Timberland Bancorp, to (i) provide their 
shareholders with a non-binding vote (a) at least once every three years on the compensation paid to executive officers and (b) at 
least once every six years on whether they should have a “say on pay” vote every one, two or three years; (ii) have a separate, 

31

 
      
 
 
 
 
 
 
non-binding shareholder vote regarding golden parachutes for named executive officers when a shareholder vote takes place on 
mergers, acquisitions, dispositions or other transactions that would trigger the parachute payments; (iii) provide disclosure in 
annual proxy materials concerning the relationship between the executive compensation paid and the financial performance of 
the issuer; and (iv) amend Item 402 of Regulation S-K to require companies to disclose the ratio of the Chief Executive Officer's 
annual total compensation to the median annual total compensation of all other employees.  For certain of these changes, the 
implementing regulations have not been promulgated, so the full impact of the Dodd-Frank Act on public companies cannot be 
determined at this time.

Taxation

Federal Taxation

General.  The Company and the Bank report their operations on a fiscal year basis using the accrual method of accounting 
and are subject to federal income taxation in the same manner as other corporations.  The following discussion of tax matters is 
intended only as a summary and does not purport to be a comprehensive description of the tax rules applicable to the Bank or the 
Company.

Corporate Alternative Minimum Tax. The Internal Revenue Code imposes a tax on alternative minimum taxable income 
(“AMTI”) at a rate of 20%.  In addition, only 90% of AMTI can be offset by net operating loss carryovers.  AMTI is increased by 
an amount equal to 75% of the amount by which the Bank's adjusted current earnings exceeds its AMTI (determined without 
regard to this preference and prior to reduction for net operating losses).

Dividends-Received Deduction. The Company may exclude from its income 100% of dividends received from the Bank 
as a member of the same affiliated group of corporations.  The corporate dividends-received deduction is generally 70% in the 
case of dividends received from unaffiliated corporations with which the Company and the Bank will not file a consolidated tax 
return, except that if the Company or the Bank owns more than 20% of the stock of a corporation distributing a dividend, then 
80% of any dividends received may be deducted.

Audits.  The Company is no longer subject to U.S. federal tax examination by tax authorities for years ended on or before 

September 30, 2012.

Washington Taxation

The Company and the Bank are subject to a business and occupation tax imposed under Washington law at the rate of 
1.50% of gross receipts at September 30, 2016.  Interest received on loans secured by mortgages or deeds of trust on residential 
properties, certain residential mortgage-backed securities, and certain U.S. government and agency securities is not subject to this 
tax.

Competition

The Bank operates in an intensely competitive market for the attraction of deposits (generally its primary source of 
lendable funds) and in the origination of loans.  Historically, its most direct competition for deposits has come from commercial 
banks, thrift institutions and credit unions in its primary market area.  In times of high interest rates, the Bank experiences additional 
significant  competition  for  investors'  funds  from  short-term  money  market  securities  and  other  corporate  and  government 
securities.  The  Bank's  competition  for  loans  comes  principally  from  mortgage  bankers,  commercial  banks  and  thrift 
institutions.  Such competition for deposits and the origination of loans may limit the Bank's future growth and earnings prospects.

Subsidiary Activities

The Bank has one wholly-owned subsidiary, Timberland Service Corporation (“Timberland Service”), whose primary 

function is to act as the Bank's escrow department.

Personnel

As of September 30, 2016, the Bank had 249 full-time employees and 20 part-time and on-call employees.  The employees 

are not represented by a collective bargaining unit, and the Bank believes its relationship with its employees is good.

32

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Executive Officers of the Registrant

The following table sets forth certain information with respect to the executive officers of the Company and the Bank.

Executive Officers of the Company and Bank

Age at
September 
30, 2016

Company

Bank

Position

62

49

65

42

59

47

President and Chief Executive
Officer

President and Chief Executive Officer

Executive Vice President, Chief
Financial Officer and Secretary

Executive Vice President, Chief
Financial Officer and Secretary

Executive Vice President of Lending

Executive Vice President of Lending

Executive Vice President and
 Chief Operating Officer

Executive Vice President and
  Chief Operating Officer

Executive Vice President and
  Chief Credit Administrator

Executive Vice President and
  Chief Credit Administrator

Senior Vice President and
  Treasurer

Senior Vice President and Treasurer

Name

Michael R. Sand

Dean J. Brydon

Robert A. Drugge

Jonathan A. Fischer

Edward C. Foster

Marci A. Basich

Biographical Information.

Michael R. Sand has been affiliated with the Bank since 1977 and has served as President of the Bank and the Company 
since January 23, 2003.  On September 30, 2003, he was appointed as Chief Executive Officer of the Bank and Company.  Prior 
to appointment as President and Chief Executive Officer, Mr. Sand had served as Executive Vice President and Secretary of the 
Bank since 1993 and as Executive Vice President and Secretary of the Company since its formation in 1997.

Dean J. Brydon has been affiliated with the Bank since 1994 and has served as the Chief Financial Officer of the Company 
and the Bank since January 2000 and Secretary of the Company and Bank since January 2004.  Mr. Brydon is a Certified Public 
Accountant.

Robert A. Drugge has been affiliated with the Bank since April 2006 and has served as Executive Vice President of 
Lending since September 2006.  Prior to joining Timberland, Mr. Drugge was employed at Bank of America as a senior officer 
and most recently served as Senior Vice President and Commercial Banking Manager.  Mr. Drugge began his banking career at 
Seafirst in 1974, which was acquired by Bank America Corp. and became known as Bank of America.

Jonathan A. Fischer has been affiliated with the Bank since October 1997 and has served as Chief Operating Officer 
since August 23, 2012.  Prior to that, Mr. Fischer had served as the Chief Risk Officer since October 2010.  Mr. Fischer had also 
served as the Compliance Officer, Community Reinvestment Act Officer, and Privacy Officer since January 2000.

Edward C. Foster has been affiliated with the Bank and has served as Chief Credit Administrator since February 2012. 
Prior to joining the Bank, Mr. Foster was employed by the FDIC, where he served as a Loan Review Specialist from January 2011 
to February 2012. Mr. Foster owned a credit administration consulting business from February 2010 to January 2011. Prior to that, 
Mr. Foster served as the Chief Credit Officer for Carson River Community Bank from April 2008 through February 2010. Before 
joining Carson River Community Bank, Mr. Foster served as a Senior Regional Credit Officer for Omni National Bank from 
September 2006 through March 2008.

Marci A. Basich has been affiliated with the Bank since 1999 and has served as Treasurer of the Company and the Bank 

since January 2002.  Ms. Basich is a Certified Public Accountant.

33

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Item 1A.  Risk Factors

We assume and manage a certain degree of risk in order to conduct our business strategy.  In addition to the risk factors 
described below, other risks and uncertainties not specifically mentioned, or that are currently known to, or deemed to be immaterial 
by management, also may materially and adversely affect our financial position, results of operations and/or cash flows.  Before 
making an investment decision, you should carefully consider the risks described below together with all of the other information 
included in this Form 10-K and our other filings with the SEC.  If any of the circumstances described in the following risk factors 
actually occur to a significant degree, the value of our common stock could decline, and you could lose all or part of your investment. 
This report is qualified in its entirety by these risk factors.

Our business may be adversely affected by downturns in the national economy and in the economies in our market areas.

Substantially all of our loans are to businesses and individuals in the state of Washington.  A decline in the economies of 
our local market areas of Grays Harbor, Pierce, Thurston, King, Kitsap and Lewis counties in which we operate, and which we 
consider to be our primary market areas, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of 
operations and prospects. 

While real estate values and unemployment rates have recently improved, a deterioration in economic conditions in the 
market areas we serve could result in the following consequences, any of which could have a materially adverse impact on our 
business, financial condition and results of operations:

• 
• 
• 
• 

• 

• 

loan delinquencies, problem assets and foreclosures may increase;
the sale of foreclosed assets may slow;
demand for our products and services may decline possibly resulting in a decrease in our total loans or assets;
collateral for loans made may decline further in value, exposing us to increased risk loans, reducing customers’ 
borrowing power, and reducing the value of assets and collateral associated with existing loans;
the net worth and liquidity of loan guarantors may decline, impairing their ability to honor commitments to us; 
and
the amount of our low-cost or non-interest bearing deposits may decrease and the composition of our deposits 
may be adversely affected.

A decline in local economic conditions may have a greater effect on our earnings and capital than on the earnings and 
capital of larger financial institutions whose real estate loans are geographically diverse.  If we are required to liquidate a significant 
amount of collateral during a period of reduced real estate values, our financial condition and profitability could be adversely 
affected.

A return of recessionary conditions could result in increases in our level of non-performing loans and/or reduce demand for 
our products and services, which could have an adverse effect on our results of operations.

Economic conditions have improved since the end of the economic recession; however, economic growth has been slow 
and uneven, unemployment remains relatively high, and concerns still exist over the federal deficit, government spending and 
global geopolitical risks which have all contributed to diminished expectations for the economy in our market areas.  A return of 
recessionary conditions and/or negative developments in the domestic and international credit markets may significantly affect 
the markets in which we do business, the value of our loans and investments, and our ongoing operations, costs and profitability.  
Declines in real estate value and sales volumes and high unemployment levels may result in higher than expected loan delinquencies 
and a decline in demand for our products and services.  These negative events may cause us to incur losses and may adversely 
affect our capital, liquidity and financial condition.

Furthermore, the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, in an attempt to help the overall economy, has 
among other things, kept interest rates low through its targeted federal funds rate and the purchase of U.S. Treasury and mortgage-
backed securities.  The Federal Reserve Board increased the federal funds rate by 25 basis points in December 2015 and indicated  
the potential for further increases in the federal funds rate in the near future.  As the federal funds rate increases, market interest 
rates will likely rise, which may negatively impact the housing markets and the U.S. economic recovery.  In addition, deflationary 
pressures, while possibly lowering our operating costs, could have a negative effect on our borrowers, especially our business 
borrowers, and the values of underlying collateral securing loans, which could negatively affect our financial performance.

34

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Our real estate construction loans expose us to significant risks.

We make real estate construction loans to individuals and builders, primarily for the construction of residential properties. 
We originate these loans whether or not the collateral property underlying the loan is under contract for sale.  At September 30, 
2016, construction loans totaled $123.1 million, or 17.0% of our total loan portfolio, of which $113.7 million were for residential 
real estate projects.  This compares to construction loans of $110.9 million, or 16.6% of our total loan portfolio at September 30, 
2015,  or  an  increase  of  11.0%  during  the  past  year.   Approximately  $93.0  million  of  our  residential  construction  loans  at 
September 30,  2016  were  made  to  finance  the  construction  of  owner-occupied  homes  and  are  structured  to  be  converted  to 
permanent loans at the end of the construction phase.  In general, construction lending involves additional risks because funds are 
advanced upon estimates of costs in relation to values associated with the completed project.  Construction lending involves 
additional risks when compared with permanent residential lending because funds are advances upon the collateral for the project 
based on an estimate of costs that will produce a future value at completion.  Because of the uncertainties inherent in estimating 
construction costs, as well as the market value of the complete project and the effects of governmental regulation on real property, 
it is relatively difficult to evaluate accurately the total funds required to complete a project and the completed project loan-to-
value ratio.  Changes in demand for new housing and higher than anticipated building costs may cause actual results to vary 
significantly from those estimated.  For these reasons, this type of lending also typically involves higher loan principal amounts 
and may be concentrated with a small number of builders.  A downturn in housing, or the real estate market, could increase 
delinquencies, defaults and foreclosures, and significantly impair the value of our collateral and our ability to sell the collateral 
upon foreclosure.  Some of the builders we deal with have more than one loan outstanding with us.  Consequently, an adverse 
development with respect to one loan or one credit relationship can expose us to a significantly greater risk of loss.  In addition 
during the term of some of our construction loans, no payment from the borrower is required since the accumulated interest is 
added to the principal of the loan through an interest reserve.  As a result, these loans often involve the disbursement of funds with 
repayment substantially dependent on the success of the ultimate project and the ability of the borrower to sell or lease the property 
or obtain permanent take-out financing, rather than the ability of the borrower or guarantor to repay principal and interest.  If our 
appraisal of the value of a completed project proves to be overstated, we may have inadequate security for the repayment of the 
loan upon completion of construction of the project and may incur a loss.  Because construction loans require active monitoring 
of the building process, including cost comparisons and on-site inspections, these loans are more difficult and costly to monitor.  
Increases in market rates of interest may have a more pronounced effect on construction loans by rapidly increasing the end-
purchaser's borrowing costs, thereby possibly reducing the homeowner's ability to finance the home upon completion or the overall 
demand for the project.  Properties under construction are often difficult to sell and typically must be completed in order to be 
successfully sold which also complicates the process of working our problem construction loans.  This may require us to advance 
additional funds and/or contract with another builder to complete construction and assume the market risk of selling the project 
at a future market price, which may or may not enable us to fully recover unpaid loan funds and associated construction and 
liquidation costs.  Furthermore, in the case of speculative construction loans, there is the added risk associated with identifying 
an end-purchaser for the finished project.  At September 30, 2016, $8.1 million of our construction portfolio was comprised of 
speculative one- to four-family construction loans.  At September 30, 2016, one construction loan, with a balance of $367,000 
was classified as non-performing.  A material increase in our non-performing construction loans could have a material adverse 
effect on our financial condition and results of operation.

Our emphasis on commercial real estate lending may expose us to increased lending risks.

Our current business strategy includes an emphasis on commercial real estate lending.  This type of lending activity, 
while potentially more profitable than single-family residential lending, is generally more sensitive to regional and local economic 
conditions, making loss levels more difficult to predict.  Collateral evaluation and financial statement analysis in these types of 
loans requires a more detailed analysis at the time of loan underwriting and on an ongoing basis.  In our primary market of western 
Washington, a downturn in the real estate market could increase loan delinquencies, defaults and foreclosures, and significantly 
impair the value of our collateral and our ability to sell the collateral upon foreclosure.  Many of our commercial borrowers have 
more than one loan outstanding with us.  Consequently, an adverse development with respect to one loan or one credit relationship 
can expose us to a significantly greater risk of loss.

At September 30, 2016, we had $312.5 million of commercial real estate mortgage loans, representing 43.2% of our total 
loan portfolio.  These loans typically involve higher principal amounts than other types of loans, and repayment is dependent upon 
income generated, or expected to be generated, by the property securing the loan in amounts sufficient to cover operating expenses 
and debt service, which may be adversely affected by changes in the economy or local market conditions.  For example, if the 
cash flow from the borrower’s project is reduced as a result of leases not being obtained or renewed, the borrower’s ability to 
repay the loan may be impaired.  Commercial real estate loans also expose a lender to greater credit risk than loans secured by 
residential real estate because the collateral securing these loans typically cannot be sold as easily as residential real estate.  In 
addition, many of our commercial  real estate loans are not fully amortizing and contain large balloon payments upon maturity.  

35

 
 
 
Such balloon payments may require the borrower to either sell or refinance the underlying property in order to make the payment, 
which may increase the risk of default or non-payment.

A secondary market for most types of commercial real estate loans is not readily liquid, so we have less opportunity to 
mitigate credit risk by selling part or all of our interest in these loans.  As a result of these characteristics, if we foreclose on a 
commercial real estate loan, our holding period for the collateral typically is longer than for one- to four-family residential mortgage 
loans because there are fewer potential purchasers of the collateral.  Accordingly, charge-offs on commercial real estate loans may 
be larger as a percentage of the total principal outstanding than those incurred with our residential or consumer loan portfolios.

The level of our commercial real estate loan portfolio may subject us to additional regulatory scrutiny.

The FDIC, the Federal Reserve and the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency have promulgated joint guidance on 
sound  risk  management  practices  for  financial  institutions  with  concentrations  in  commercial  real  estate  lending.  Under  this 
guidance, a financial institution that, like us, is actively involved in commercial real estate lending should perform a risk assessment 
to identify concentrations.  A financial institution may have a concentration in commercial real estate lending if, among other 
factors (i) total reported loans for construction, land development and other land represent 100% or more of total capital, or (ii) 
total reported loans secured by multi-family and non-farm non-residential properties, loans for construction, land development 
and other land, and loans otherwise sensitive to the general commercial real estate market, including loans to commercial real 
estate related entities, represent 300% or more of total capital.  The particular focus of the guidance is on exposure to commercial 
real estate loans that are dependent on the cash flow from the real estate held as collateral and that are likely to be at greater risk 
to conditions in the commercial real estate market (as opposed to real estate collateral held as a secondary source of repayment 
or as an abundance of caution).  The purpose of the guidance is to guide banks in developing risk management practices and capital 
levels commensurate with the level and nature of real estate concentrations.  The guidance states that management should employ 
heightened  risk  management  practices  including  board  and  management  oversight  and  strategic  planning,  development  of 
underwriting standards, risk assessment and monitoring through market analysis and stress testing.  We have concluded that we 
have a concentration in commercial real estate lending under the foregoing standards because our balance in commercial real 
estate loans at September 30, 2016 represents more than 300% of total capital.  While we believe we have implemented policies 
and procedures with respect to our commercial real estate loan portfolio consistent with this guidance, bank regulators could 
require us to implement additional policies and procedures consistent with their interpretation of the guidance that may result in 
additional costs to us.

Repayment of our commercial business loans is often dependent on the cash flows of the borrower, which may be unpredictable, 
and the collateral securing these loans may fluctuate in value.

At September 30, 2016, we had $41.8 million, or 5.8%, of total loans in commercial business loans.  Commercial business 
lending involves risks that are different from those associated with residential and commercial real estate lending.  Real estate 
lending is generally considered to be collateral based lending with loan amounts based on predetermined loan to collateral values 
and liquidation of the underlying real estate collateral being viewed as the primary source of repayment in the event of borrower 
default.    Our  commercial  business  loans  are  primarily  made  based  on  the  cash  flow  of  the  borrower  and  secondarily  on  the 
underlying collateral provided by the borrower.  The borrowers' cash flow may be unpredictable, and collateral securing these 
loans may fluctuate in value.  Although commercial business loans are often collateralized by equipment, inventory, accounts 
receivable, or other business assets, the liquidation of collateral in the event of default is often an insufficient source of repayment 
because  accounts  receivable  may  be  uncollectible  and  inventories  may  be  obsolete  or  of  limited  use,  among  other 
things.  Accordingly, the repayment of commercial business loans depends primarily on the cash flow and credit worthiness of 
the borrower and secondarily on the underlying collateral provided by the borrower.

Our business may be adversely affected by credit risk associated with residential property.

At September 30, 2016, $158.3 million, or 21.9%, of our total loan portfolio was secured by one- to four-family mortgage 
loans and home equity loans.  This type of lending is generally sensitive to regional and local economic conditions that significantly 
impact the ability of borrowers to meet their loan payment obligations, making loss levels difficult to predict.   A decline in 
residential real estate values resulting from a downturn in the Washington housing market may reduce the value of the real estate 
collateral securing these types of loans and increase our risk of loss if borrowers default on their loans.

Many of our residential mortgage loans are secured by liens on mortgage properties in which the borrowers have little 
or no equity because either we originated the loan with a relatively high combined loan-to-value ratio or because of the decline 
in home values in our market areas subsequent to when the loans were originated.  Residential loans with combined higher loan-
to-value ratios will be more sensitive to declining property values than those with lower combined loan-to-value ratios and therefore 
may experience a higher incidence of default and severity of losses. In addition, if the borrowers sell their homes, such borrowers 
36

 
 
 
 
 
may be unable to repay their loans in full from the sale proceeds.  Further, a significant amount of our home equity lines of credit 
consist of second mortgage loans. For those home equity lines secured by a second mortgage, it is unlikely that we will be successful 
in recovering all or a portion of our loan proceeds in the event of default unless we are prepared to repay the first mortgage loan 
and such repayment and the costs associated with a foreclosure are justified by the value of the property.  For these reasons, we 
may experience higher rates of delinquencies, default and losses on our residential loans.

Our allowance for loan losses may prove to be insufficient to absorb losses in our loan portfolio.

Lending money is a substantial part of our business, and each loan carries a certain risk that it will not be repaid in 
accordance with its terms or that any underlying collateral will not be sufficient to assure repayment.  This risk is affected by, 
among other things:

• 
• 
• 
• 
• 

the cash flow of the borrower and/or the project being financed;
the changes and uncertainties as to the future value of the collateral, in the case of a collateralized loan;
the duration of the loan;
the credit history of a particular borrower; and
changes in economic and industry conditions.

We maintain an allowance for loan losses, which is a reserve established through a provision for loan losses charged 
against operating income, which we believe is appropriate to provide for probable losses in our loan portfolio.  The amount of this 
allowance  is  determined  by  our  management  through  periodic  comprehensive  reviews  and  consideration  of  several  factors, 
including, but not limited to:

• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 

an ongoing review of the quality, size and diversity of the loan portfolio;
evaluation of non-performing loans;
historical default and loss experience;
existing economic conditions and management's expectations of future events;
risk characteristics of the various classifications of loans; 
the amount and quality of collateral, including guarantees, securing the loans; and
regulatory requirements and expectations.

The determination of the appropriate level of the allowance for loan losses inherently involves a high degree of subjectivity 
and  requires  us  to  make  various  assumptions  and  judgments  about  the  collectability  of  our  loan  portfolio,  including  the 
creditworthiness of our borrowers and the value of the real estate and other assets serving as collateral for the repayment of  many 
of our loans.  In determining the amount of the allowance for loan losses, we review our loans and the loss experience and evaluate 
economic conditions and make significant estimates of current credit risks and future trends, all of which may undergo material 
changes.  If our estimates are incorrect, the allowance for loan losses may not be sufficient to cover losses inherent in our loan 
portfolio, resulting in the need for increases in our provision for loan losses.  Deterioration in economic conditions affecting 
borrowers, new information regarding existing loans, identification of additional problem loans and other factors, both within and 
outside of our control, may require an increase in the allowance for loan losses.  If charge-offs in future periods exceed the allowance 
for loan losses, we will likely need additional provisions to replenish the allowance for loan losses.  In addition, bank regulatory 
agencies periodically review our allowance for loan losses and may require an increase in the provision for possible loan losses 
or the recognition of further loan charge-offs, based on their judgment about information available to them at the time of their 
examinations.  Any additional provisions will result in a decrease in net income and possibly capital, and may have a material 
adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

If our non-performing assets increase, our earnings will be adversely affected.

At September 30, 2016 our non-performing assets (which consist of non-accruing loans, accruing loans 90 days or more 
past due, non-accrual investment securities, and OREO and other repossessed assets) were $7.9 million, or 0.88% of total assets. 
Our non-performing assets adversely affect our net income in various ways:

•  We do not record interest income on non-accrual loans or non-performing investment securities, except on a cash basis 

when the collectibility of the principal is not in doubt.

•  We must provide for probable loan losses through a current period charge to the provision for loan losses.
•  Non-interest expense increases when we must write down the value of properties in our OREO portfolio to reflect changing 

market values.

•  Non-interest income decreases when we must recognize other-than-temporary impairment on non-performing investment 

securities.

37

 
 
 
 
•  There are legal fees associated with the resolution of problem assets, as well as carrying costs, such as taxes, insurance, 

and maintenance costs related to our OREO.

•  The resolution of non-performing assets requires the active involvement of management, which can distract them from 

more profitable activity.

If additional borrowers become delinquent and do not pay their loans and we are unable to successfully manage our non-
performing assets, our losses and troubled assets could increase significantly, which could have a material adverse effect on our 
financial condition and results of operations.  In addition to the non-performing loans, there were $7.6 million in loans classified 
as performing troubled debt restructurings at September 30, 2016.

If our investments in real estate are not properly valued or sufficiently reserved to cover actual losses, or if we are required to 
increase our valuation allowances, our earnings could be reduced.

We obtain updated valuations in the form of appraisals and broker price opinions when a loan has been foreclosed and 
the property is taken in as OREO, and at certain other times during the asset's holding period.  Our net book value (“NBV”) in the 
loan at the time of foreclosure and thereafter is compared to the updated estimated market value of the foreclosed property less 
estimated selling costs (fair value).  A charge-off is recorded for any excess in the asset’s NBV over its fair value.  If our valuation 
process is incorrect or if the property declines in value after foreclosure, the fair value of our OREO may not be sufficient to 
recover our NBV in such assets, resulting in the need for a valuation allowance.

In  addition,  bank  regulators  periodically  review  our  OREO  and  may  require  us  to  recognize  further  valuation 
allowances.  Significant charge-offs to our OREO may have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of 
operations.

Our investment securities portfolio may be negatively impacted by fluctuations in market value and interest rates and result 
in losses.

Our investment securities portfolio may be impacted by fluctuations in market value, potentially reducing accumulated 
other comprehensive income (loss) and/or earnings.  Fluctuations in market value may be caused by changes in market interest 
rates, lower market prices for investment securities and limited investor demand.  Our investment securities portfolio is evaluated 
for other-than-temporary-impairment ("OTTI").  If this evaluation shows impairment to the actual or projected cash flows associated 
with one or more investment securities, a potential loss to earnings may occur.  Changes in interest rates can also have an adverse 
effect on our financial condition, as our available-for-sale investment securities are reported at their estimated fair value, and 
therefore are impacted by fluctuations in interest rates.  We increase or decrease our shareholders' equity by the amount of change 
in the estimated fair value of the available-for-sale investment securities, net of income taxes.

During the year ended September 30, 2016, we recognized $168,000 of OTTI charges on private label mortgage backed 
securities we hold for investment.  During the year ended September 30, 2015, we recognized $13,000 of OTTI charges on private 
label mortgage backed securities we hold for investment.  During the year ended September 30, 2014, we recognized a $59,000
recovery  of  OTTI  charges  on  private  label  mortgage  backed  securities  we  hold  for  investment.   At  September 30,  2016,  our 
remaining private label mortgage backed securities portfolio totaled $835,000.

The valuation of our investment securities also is influenced by additional external market and other factors, including 
implementation  of  Securities  and  Exchange  Commission  and  Financial Accounting  Standards  Board  guidance  on  fair  value 
accounting, default rates on residential mortgage securities and rating agency actions.  Accordingly, there can be no assurance that 
future declines in the market value of our private label mortgage backed securities or other investment securities will not result 
in additional OTTI of these assets and lead to accounting charges that could have a material adverse effect on our results of 
operations.

An increase in interest rates, change in the programs offered by Freddie Mac or our ability to qualify for their programs may 
reduce our mortgage revenues, which would negatively impact our non-interest income.

The sale of residential mortgage loans to Freddie Mac provides a significant portion of our non-interest income.  Any 
future changes in their program, our eligibility to participate in such program, the criteria for loans to be accepted or laws that 
significantly affect the activity of Freddie Mac could, in turn, materially adversely affect our results of operations if we could not 
find other purchasers.  Mortgage banking is generally considered a volatile source of income because it depends largely on the  
level  of  loan  volume  which,  in  turn,  depends  largely  on  prevailing  market  interest  rates.    In  a  rising  or  higher  interest  rate 
environment, the demand for mortgage loans, particularly refinancing of existing mortgage loans tends to fall and our originations 
of mortgage loans may decrease, resulting in fewer loans that are available to be sold.  This would result in a decrease in mortgage 
38

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
revenues and a corresponding decrease in non-interest income.  In addition, our results of operations are affected by the amount 
of non-interest expense associated with our loan sale activities, such as salaries and employee benefits, occupancy, equipment and 
data processing expense and other operating costs.  During periods of reduced loan demand, our results of operations may be 
adversely affected to the extent that we are unable to reduce expenses commensurate with the decline in loan originations.  In 
addition, although we sell loans to Freddie Mac or into the secondary market without recourse, we are required to give customary 
representations and warranties about the loans we sell.  If  we breach those representations and warranties, we may be required 
to repurchase the loans and we may incur a loss on the repurchase. 

Our real estate lending also exposes us to the risk of environmental liabilities.

In the course of our business, we may foreclose and take title to real estate, and we could be subject to environmental 
liabilities with respect to these properties.  We may be held liable by a governmental entity or by third persons for property damage, 
personal injury, investigation and clean-up costs incurred by these parties in connection with environmental contamination, or 
may be required to investigate or clean up hazardous or toxic substances, or chemical releases at a property.  The costs associated 
with investigation or remediation activities could be substantial.  In addition, as the owner or former owner of a contaminated site, 
we may be subject to common law claims by third parties based on damages and costs resulting from environmental contamination 
emanating from the property.  If we ever become subject to significant environmental liabilities, our business, financial condition 
and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.

Fluctuating interest rates can adversely affect our profitability.

Our profitability is dependent to a large extent upon net interest income, which is the difference, or spread, between the 
interest earned on loans, securities and other interest-earning assets and the interest paid on deposits, borrowings, and other interest-
bearing liabilities.  Because of the differences in maturities and repricing characteristics of our interest-earning assets and interest-
bearing liabilities, changes in interest rates do not produce equivalent changes in interest income earned on interest-earning assets 
and interest paid on interest-bearing liabilities.  We principally manage interest rate risk by managing our volume and mix of our 
earning  assets  and  funding  liabilities.    In  a  changing  interest  rate  environment,  we  may  not  be  able  to  manage  this  risk 
effectively.  Changes in interest rates also can affect: (1) our ability to originate and/or sell loans; (2) the fair value of our interest-
earning assets, which would negatively impact shareholders’ equity, and our ability to realize gains from the sale of such assets; 
(3) our ability to obtain and retain deposits in competition with other available investment alternatives; (4) the ability of our 
borrowers to repay adjustable or variable rate loans; and (5) the average duration of our mortgage-backed securities portfolio and 
the interest-earning assets.  Interest rates are highly sensitive to many factors, including government monetary policies, domestic 
and international economic and political conditions and other factors beyond our control.  If we are unable to manage interest rate 
risk effectively, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially affected.

A prolonged period of exceptionally low market interest rates, such as we are currently experiencing, limits our ability 
to lower our interest expense, while the average yield on our loan portfolio may continue to decrease as our loans reprice or are 
originated at these low market rates, which could have an adverse effect on our results of operations.  As a result of the relatively 
low interest rate environment, an increasing percentage of our deposits have been comprised of short-term certificates of deposit 
and other deposits yielding no or a relatively low rate of interest.  At September 30, 2016, we had $88.1 million in certificates of 
deposit that mature within one year and $613.6 million in non-interest bearing, NOW checking, savings and money market accounts. 
We would incur a higher cost of funds to retain these deposits in a rising interest rate environment.  If the interest rates paid on 
deposits and other borrowings increase at a faster rate than the interest rates received on loans and other investments, our net 
interest income, and therefore earnings, could be adversely affected.   In addition, a substantial amount of our residential mortgage 
loans and home equity lines of credit have adjustable interest rates. As a result, these loans may experience a higher rate of default 
in a rising interest rate environment.

Although management believes it has implemented effective asset and liability management strategies to reduce the 
potential effects of changes in interest rates on our results of operations, any substantial, unexpected or prolonged change in market 
interest rates could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations. Also, our interest rate risk 
modeling techniques and assumptions likely may not fully predict or capture the impact of actual interest rate changes on our 
balance sheet.

Strong competition within our market areas could hurt our profits and slow growth.

Although we consider ourselves competitive in our market areas, we face intense competition in both making loans and 
attracting deposits.  Price competition for loans and deposits might result in our earning less on our loans and paying more on our 
deposits, which reduces net interest income.  Some of the institutions with which we compete have substantially greater resources 
than we have and may offer services that we do not provide.  We expect competition to increase in the future as a result of legislative, 
39

 
 
 
 
regulatory and technological changes and the continuing trend of consolidation in the financial services industry.  Our profitability 
will depend upon our continued ability to compete successfully in our market areas.

Liquidity risk could impair our ability to fund operations and jeopardize our financial condition, growth and prospects.

Liquidity is essential to our business.  An inability to raise funds through deposits, borrowings, the sale of loans and other 
sources could have a substantial negative effect on our liquidity.  We rely on customer deposits and borrowings from the FHLB, 
borrowings from the FRB and other borrowings to fund our operations.  At September 30, 2016, we had $30.0 million of FHLB 
borrowings outstanding and a letter of credit with an available balance of $22.0 million and an additional $295.8 million of available 
borrowing capacity through the FHLB and the FRB.  Deposit flows, calls of wholesale borrowings, and the prepayment of loans 
and mortgage-related securities are strongly influenced by such external factors as the direction of interest rates, whether actual 
or perceived, and the competition for deposits and loans in the markets we serve.  Further, changes to the FHLB's underwriting 
guidelines for wholesale borrowings or lending policies may limit or restrict our ability to borrow, and could therefore have a 
significant adverse impact on our liquidity.  Although we have historically been able to replace maturing deposits and borrowings 
if desired, we may not be able to replace such funds in the future if, among other things, our financial condition, the financial 
condition of the FHLB or FRB, or market conditions change.  Our access to funding sources in amounts adequate to finance our 
activities or on terms which are acceptable could be impaired by factors that affect us specifically or the financial services industry 
or economy in general, such as a disruption in the financial markets or negative views and expectations about the prospects for 
the financial services industry.  Additional factors that could detrimentally impact our access to liquidity sources include a decrease 
in the level of our business activity as a result of a downturn in the Washington markets where our deposits are concentrated or 
adverse regulatory action against us.

Our financial flexibility will be severely constrained if we are unable to maintain our access to funding or if adequate 
financing is not available to accommodate future growth at acceptable interest rates.  Although we consider our sources of funds 
adequate for our liquidity needs, we may seek additional debt in the future to achieve our long-term business objectives.  Additional 
borrowings, if sought, may not be available to us or, if available, may not be available on reasonable terms.  If additional financing 
sources are unavailable, or are not available on reasonable terms, our financial condition, results of operations, growth and future 
prospects could be materially adversely affected.  Finally, if we are required to rely more heavily on more expensive funding 
sources to support future growth, our income may not increase proportionately to cover our costs.

We operate in a highly regulated environment and may be adversely affected by changes in federal and state laws and regulations 
that are expected to increase our costs of operations.

The financial services industry is extensively regulated. Timberland Bank is currently subject to extensive examination, 
supervision and comprehensive regulation by the DFI, our state regulator, and the FDIC, as insurer of our deposits. As a bank 
holding  company,  Timberland  Bancorp  is  subject  to  examination,  supervision  and  regulation  by  the  Federal  Reserve.  Such 
regulation and supervision governs the activities in which an institution and its holding company may engage and are intended 
primarily for the protection of the deposit insurance fund and consumers and not to benefit our shareholders. These regulatory 
authorities have extensive discretion in connection with their supervisory and enforcement activities, including the ability to impose 
restrictions on our operations, the classification of our assets, and the determination of the level of our allowance for loan losses 
and level of deposit insurance premiums assessed.  Additionally, actions by regulatory agencies or significant litigation against us 
could require us to devote significant time and resources to defending our business and may lead to penalties that materially affect 
us. These regulations, along with the currently existing tax, accounting, securities, insurance, and monetary laws, regulations, 
rules, standards, policies, and interpretations control the methods by which financial institutions conduct business, implement 
strategic initiatives and tax compliance, and govern financial reporting and disclosures.  These laws, regulations, rules, standards, 
policies, and interpretations are constantly evolving and may change significantly over time.  In this regard, the U.S. Department 
of the Treasury's Financial Crimes Enforcement Network ("FinCEN"), published guidelines in 2014 for financial institutions 
servicing state legal marijuana businesses.  The guideline allows us to work with marijuana-related businesses  that are operating  
in accordance with state laws and regulations, so long as we comply with required regulatory oversight of their accounts with us.  
At September 30, 2016, approximately 2.2% of our total deposits are from legal marijuana businesses.  Any adverse change in 
this FinCEN guidance, or any new regulations or legislation, change in existing regulations or oversight, whether a change in 
regulatory policy or a change in a regulator's interpretation of a law or regulation, could have a material impact on our liquidity 
as well as our operations, increasing our cost of regulatory compliance and of doing business and/or otherwise affect us and our 
profitability.  Further, changes in accounting standards can be both difficult to predict and involve judgment and discretion in their 
interpretation by us and our independent accounting firm.  These changes could materially impact, potentially even retroactively, 
how we report our financial condition and results or our operations as could our interpretations of those changes.

As discussed under “Business - How We are Regulated - General” in Item I of this Form 10-K, the Dodd-Frank Act has 
significantly changed the bank regulatory structure and will affect the lending, deposit, investment, trading and operating activities 
40

 
 
 
of financial institutions and their holding companies.  The Dodd-Frank Act requires various federal agencies to adopt and implement 
a broad range of new rules and regulations and to prepare numerous studies and reports for Congress.  The federal agencies are 
given significant discretion in drafting and implementing rules and regulations, and consequently, many of the details and much 
of the impact of the Dodd-Frank Act may not be known for many months or years. It is difficult at this time to predict when or 
how any new standards will ultimately be applied to us or what specific impact the Dodd-Frank Act and the yet to be written rules 
and regulations for implementation will have on community banks.  However, it is expected that at a minimum they will increase 
our operating and compliance costs and could increase our non-interest expense. 

Non-compliance with the USA PATRIOT Act, Bank Secrecy Act, or other laws and regulations could result in fines or sanctions 
and limit our ability to get regulatory approval of acquisitions.

The  USA  PATRIOT  and  Bank  Secrecy Acts  require  financial  institutions  to  develop  programs  to  prevent  financial 
institutions from being used for money laundering and terrorist activities.  If such activities are detected, financial institutions are 
obligated to file suspicious activity reports with FinCEN.  These rules require financial institutions to establish procedures for 
identifying and verifying the identity of customers seeking to open new financial accounts.  Failure to comply with these regulations 
could result in fines or sanctions and limit our ability to get regulatory approval of acquisitions.  Recently several banking institutions 
have received large fines for non-compliance with these laws and regulations.  While we have developed policies and procedures 
designed to assist in compliance with these laws and regulations, no assurance can be given that these policies and procedures 
will be effective in preventing violations of these laws and regulations.

Our growth or future losses may require us to raise additional capital in the future, but that capital may not be available when 
it is needed or the cost of that capital may be very high.

We are required by federal regulatory authorities to maintain adequate levels of capital to support our operations.  At 
some point, we may need to raise additional capital to support our growth or replenish future losses.  Our ability to raise additional 
capital, if needed, will depend on conditions in the capital markets at that time, which are outside our control, and on our financial 
condition and performance.  If we are able to raise capital it may not be on terms that are acceptable to us.  Accordingly, we cannot 
make assurances that we will be able to raise additional capital.  If we cannot raise additional capital when needed, our operations 
could be materially impaired and our financial condition and liquidity could be materially and adversely affected.  As a result, we 
may have to raise additional capital on terms that may be dilutive to our shareholders. 

We may experience future goodwill impairment, which could reduce our earnings.

We performed our test for goodwill impairment for fiscal year 2016, and the test concluded that recorded goodwill was 
not impaired.  Our assessment of the fair value of goodwill is based on an evaluation of market capitalizations for similar financial 
institutions, discounted cash flows from forecasted earnings, our current market capitalization, and a valuation of our assets and 
liabilities.  Our evaluation of the fair value of goodwill involves a substantial amount of judgment.  If our judgment was incorrect, 
or if events or circumstances change, and an impairment of goodwill was deemed to exist, we would be required to write down 
our goodwill resulting in a charge against operations, which would adversely affect our results of operations, perhaps materially; 
however, it would have no impact on our liquidity, operations or regulatory capital.

We may experience decreases in the fair value of our mortgage servicing rights, which could reduce our earnings.

Mortgage servicing rights (“MSRs”) are capitalized at estimated fair value when acquired through the origination of loans 
that  are  subsequently  sold  with  servicing  rights  retained.  At  September 30,  2016,  our  MSRs  totaled  $1.6  million.  MSRs  are 
amortized to servicing income on loans sold over the period of estimated net servicing income.  The estimated fair value of MSRs 
at the date of the sale of loans is determined based on the discounted present value of expected future cash flows using key 
assumptions for servicing income and costs and prepayment rates on the underlying loans.  On a quarterly basis, we evaluate the 
fair value of MSRs for impairment by comparing actual cash flows and estimated cash flows from the servicing assets to those 
estimated at the time servicing assets were originated.  Our methodology for estimating the fair value of MSRs is highly sensitive 
to changes in assumptions, such as prepayment speeds.  The effect of changes in market interest rates on estimated rates of loan 
prepayments represents the predominant risk characteristic underlying the MSRs portfolio.  For example, a decrease in mortgage 
interest rates typically increases the prepayment speeds of MSRs and therefore decreases the fair value of the MSRs.  Future 
decreases in mortgage interest rates could decrease the fair value of our MSRs below their recorded amount, which would decrease 
our earnings.

41

 
 
 
 
Our assets as of September 30, 2016 include a deferred tax asset, and we may not be able to realize the full amount of such 
asset.

We recognize deferred tax assets and liabilities based on differences between the financial statement recorded amounts 
and the tax bases of assets and liabilities.  At September 30, 2016, the net deferred tax asset was approximately $1.8 million.  The 
net deferred tax asset results primarily from our provision for loan losses recorded for financial reporting purposes, which has 
been larger than net loan charge-offs deducted for tax reporting purposes.

We regularly review our net deferred tax assets for recoverability based on our expectations of future earnings and expected 
timing of reversals of temporary differences and record a valuation allowance if deemed necessary.  Realization of deferred tax 
assets ultimately depends on the existence of sufficient taxable income, including taxable income in prior carry-back years, as 
well as future taxable income.  We believe the recorded net deferred tax asset at September 30, 2016 is fully realizable; however, 
if we determine that we will be unable to realize all or part of the net deferred tax asset, we would adjust the net deferred tax asset, 
which would negatively impact our financial condition and results of operations.

The exercise of our outstanding warrant may be dilutive to holders of our common stock.

At September 30, 2016, we had an outstanding warrant to purchase up to 370,899 shares of our common stock at a price 
of $6.73 per share at any time through December 23, 2018.  The ownership interest of existing holders of our common stock will 
be diluted to the extent the warrant is exercised.  The shares of common stock underlying the warrant represent approximately 
5.1% of the shares of our common stock outstanding as of September 30, 2016 (including the shares issuable upon exercise of the 
warrant in total shares outstanding).  

Our exposure to operational risks may adversely affect us.

Similar to other financial institutions, we are exposed to many types of operational risk, including reputational risk, legal 
and compliance risk, the risk of fraud or theft by employees or outsiders, the risk that sensitive customer or Company data is 
compromised,  unauthorized  transactions  by  employees  or  operational  errors,  including  clerical  or  record-keeping  errors.  
Nationally, reported incidents of fraud and other financial crimes have increased.  While we have policies and procedures designed 
to prevent such losses, there can be no assurances that such losses will not occur.  If any of these risks occur, it could result in 
material adverse consequences for us. 

We are subject to certain risks in connection with our use of technology.

Our security measures may not be sufficient to mitigate the risk of a cyber attack.  Communications and information 
systems are essential to the conduct of our business, as we use such systems to manage our customer relationships, our general 
ledger and virtually all other aspects of our business.  Our operations rely on the secure processing, storage, and transmission of 
confidential and other information in our computer systems and networks.  Although we take protective measures and endeavor 
to modify them as circumstances warrant, the security of our computer systems, software, and networks may be vulnerable to 
breaches, unauthorized access, misuse, computer viruses, or other malicious code and cyber attacks that could have a security 
impact.  If one or more of these events occur, this could jeopardize our or our customers' confidential and other information 
processed  and  stored  in,  and  transmitted  through,  our  computer  systems  and  networks,  or  otherwise  cause  interruptions  or 
malfunctions in our operations or the operations of our customers or counterparties.  We may be required to expend significant 
additional resources to modify our protective measures or to investigate and remediate vulnerabilities or other exposures, and we 
may be subject to litigation and financial losses that are either not insured against or not fully covered through any insurance 
maintained by us.  We could also suffer significant reputational damage.

Security breaches in our internet banking activities could further expose us to possible liability and damage our reputation.  
Any compromise of our security also could deter customers from using our internet banking services that involve the transmission 
of confidential information.  We rely on standard internet security systems to provide the security and authentication necessary to 
effect secure transmission of data.  These precautions may not protect our systems from compromises or breaches of our security  
measures and could result in significant legal liability and significant damage to our reputation and our business.

Our security measures may not protect us from system failures or interruptions.  While we have established policies and 
procedures to prevent or limit the impact of systems failures and interruptions, there can be no assurance that such events will not 
occur or that they will be adequately addressed if they do.  In addition, we outsource certain aspects of our data processing and 
other  operational  functions  to  certain  third-party  providers.    If  our  third-party  providers  encounter  difficulties,  or  if  we  have 
difficulty in communicating with them, our ability to adequately process and account for transactions could be affected, and our 

42

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
business  operations  could  be  adversely  impacted.    Threats  to  information  security  also  exist  in  the  processing  of  customer 
information through various other vendors and their personnel. 

The occurrence of any failures or interruptions may require us to identify alternative sources of such services, and we 
cannot assure you that we could negotiate terms that are as favorable to us or could obtain services with similar functionality as 
found in our existing systems without the need to expend substantial resources, if at all.  Further, the occurrence of any systems 
failure or interruption could damage our reputation and result in a loss of customers and business, could subject us to additional 
regulatory scrutiny, or could expose us to legal liability.  Any of these occurrences could have a material adverse effect on our 
financial condition and  results of operations. 

We are dependent on key personnel, and the loss of one or more of those key personnel may materially and adversely affect 
our prospects.

Competition for qualified employees and personnel in the banking industry is intense, and there are a limited number of 
qualified persons with knowledge of, and experience in, the community banking industry where the Bank conducts its business. The 
process of recruiting personnel with the combination of skills and attributes required to carry out our strategies is often lengthy. 
Our success depends to a significant degree upon our ability to attract and retain qualified management, loan origination, finance, 
administrative, marketing and technical personnel and upon the continued contributions of our management and personnel.  In 
particular, our success has been and continues to be highly dependent upon the abilities of key executives, including our President, 
and certain other employees.  In addition, our success has been and continues to be highly dependent upon the services of our 
directors, and we may not be able to identify and attract suitable candidates to replace such directors.

Managing reputational risk is important to attracting and maintaining customers, investors and employees.

Threats to our reputation can come from many sources, including adverse sentiment about financial institutions generally, 
unethical practices, employee misconduct, failure to deliver minimum standards of service or quality, compliance deficiencies 
and questionable or fraudulent activities of our customers.  We have policies and procedures in place to protect our reputation and 
promote ethical conduct, but these policies and procedures may not be fully effective.  Negative publicity regarding our business, 
employees, or customers, with or without merit, may result in the loss of customers, investors and employees, costly litigation, a 
decline in revenues and increased governmental regulation.

We rely on other companies to provide key components of our business infrastructure.

Third-party vendors provide key components of our business infrastructure such as internet connections, network access 
and core application processing.  While we have selected these third-party vendors carefully, we do not control their actions.  Any 
problems caused by these third-parties, including as a result of their not providing us their services for any reason or their performing 
their services poorly, could adversely affect our ability to deliver products and services to our customers or otherwise conduct our 
business efficiently and effectively.  Replacing these third-party vendors could also entail significant delay and expense.

Item 1B.  Unresolved Staff Comments

Not applicable.

43

 
 
 
 
 
Item 2.  Properties

At September 30, 2016, the Bank operated 22 full service facilities.  The following table sets forth certain information 
regarding the Bank’s offices, all of which are owned, except for the Tacoma office, the Gig Harbor office and the Lacey office at 
1751 Circle Lane SE, which are leased.

Location

Main Office:

624 Simpson Avenue
Hoquiam, Washington 98550

Branch Offices:

300 N. Boone Street
Aberdeen, Washington 98520

201 Main Street South
Montesano, Washington 98563

361 Damon Road
Ocean Shores, Washington 98569

2418 Meridian Avenue East
Edgewood, Washington 98371

202 Auburn Way South
Auburn, Washington 98002

12814 Meridian Avenue East (South Hill)
Puyallup, Washington 98373

1201 Marvin Road, N.E.
Lacey, Washington 98516

101 Yelm Avenue W.
Yelm, Washington 98597

20464 Viking Way NW
Poulsbo, Washington 98370

2419 224th Street E.
Spanaway, Washington 98387

801 Trosper Road SW
Tumwater, Washington 98512

Year Opened

Approximate
Square Footage

Deposits at
September 30, 2016

  (In thousands)

1966

1974

2004

1977

1980

1994

1996

1997

1999

1999

1999

2001

7,700

$

62,712

3,400

3,200

2,100

2,400

4,200

4,200

4,400

3,400

1,800

3,900

3,300

34,227

34,739

27,513

46,493

31,845

38,644

29,700

24,943

17,258

37,500

32,354

(table continued on the following page)

44

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Location

7805 South Hosmer Street
Tacoma, Washington 98408

2401 Bucklin Hill Road
Silverdale, Washington 98383

423 Washington Street SE
Olympia, Washington 98501

3105 Judson Street
Gig Harbor, Washington 98335

117 N. Broadway
Aberdeen, Washington 98520

313 West Waldrip Street
Elma, Washington 98541

1751 Circle Lane SE
Lacey, Washington 98503

101 2nd Street
Toledo, Washington 98591

209 NE 1st Street
Winlock, Washington 98586

714 W. Main Street
Chehalis, Washington 98532

Loan Center/Data Center:

120 Lincoln Street
Hoquiam, Washington 98550

Administrative Offices:

305 8th Street
Hoquiam, Washington 98550

Year Opened

Approximate
Square Footage

Deposits at
September 30, 2016

  (In thousands)

2001

2003

2003

2004

2004

2004

2004

2004

2004

2009

2003

2004

5,000

$

4,000

3,000

2,700

3,700

5,900

900

1,800

3,400

4,600

6,000

4,100

52,211

43,997

42,773

31,814

33,514

39,280

16,642

31,191

17,159

35,025

N/A

N/A

Management believes that all facilities are appropriately insured and are adequately equipped for carrying on the business 

of the Bank.

At September 30, 2016, the Bank operated 22 proprietary ATMs that are part of a nationwide cash exchange network.

Item 3.  Legal Proceedings

Periodically,  there  have  been  various  claims  and  lawsuits  involving  the  Company,  such  as  claims  to  enforce  liens, 
condemnation proceedings on properties in which the Company holds security interests, claims involving the making and servicing 
of real property loans and other issues incident to the Company's business.  The Company is not a party to any pending legal 
proceedings that it believes would have a material adverse effect on the financial condition or operations of the Company.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

45

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PART II

Item 5.  Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity 
Securities

The Company's common stock is traded on the Nasdaq Global Market under the symbol “TSBK.” As of November 30, 
2016, there were 6,951,468 shares of common stock issued and approximately 435 shareholders of record.  The following table 
sets forth the high and low sales prices of, and dividends paid on, the Company's common stock for each quarter during the years 
ended September 30, 2016 and 2015.  The high and low price information was provided by the Nasdaq Stock Market.

Fiscal 2016

First Quarter (1)

Second Quarter

Third Quarter

Fourth Quarter

Fiscal 2015

First Quarter

Second Quarter

Third Quarter

Fourth Quarter

High

Low

$

13.49

$

10.22

$

12.99

15.73

15.75

12.16

12.77

14.71

High

Low

$

10.74

$

10.39

$

11.57

10.87

11.20

10.25

9.82

9.91

Dividends per
Common Share

0.12

0.08

0.08

0.09

Dividends per
Common Share

0.05

0.06

0.06

0.07

____________
(1)   Includes a special dividend of $0.05 in addition to the regular quarterly dividend.

Dividends

The timing and amount of cash dividends paid on our common stock depends on our earnings, capital requirements, 
financial condition and other relevant factors and is subject to the discretion of our board of directors.  There can be no assurance 
that we will pay dividends on our common stock in the future.

Dividend  payments  by  the  Company  are  dependent  primarily  on  dividends  received  by  the  Company  from  the 
Bank.  Under federal regulations, the dollar amount of dividends the Bank may pay is dependent upon its capital position and 
recent net income.  Generally, if the Bank satisfies its regulatory capital requirements, it may make dividend payments up to the 
limits prescribed in the FDIC regulations.  However, an institution that has converted to a stock form of ownership may not declare 
or pay a dividend on, or repurchase any of, its common stock if the effect thereof would cause the regulatory capital of the institution 
to be reduced below the amount required for the liquidation account which was established in connection with the mutual to stock 
conversion.  

The DFI has the power to require any bank to suspend the payment of any and all dividends.  In addition, under Washington 
law, no bank may declare or pay any dividend in an amount greater than its retained earnings without the prior approval of the 
DFI.  Further, under Washington law, Timberland Bancorp is prohibited if, after making such dividend payment, it would be unable 
to pay its debts as they become due in the usual course of business, or if its total liabilities, plus the amount that would be needed, 
in the event Timberland Bancorp were to be dissolved at the time of the dividend payment, to satisfy preferential rights on dissolution 
of holders of preferred stock ranking senior in right of payment to the capital stock on which the applicable distribution is to be 
made, exceed our total assets. 

In addition to the foregoing regulatory considerations, there are numerous governmental requirements and regulations 
that affect our business activities.  A change in applicable statutes, regulations or regulatory policy may have a material effect on 
our business and on our ability to pay dividends on our common stock.

Equity Compensation Plan Information

The equity compensation plan information presented under subparagraph (d) in Part III, Item 12. of this Form 10-K is 

incorporated herein by reference.

46

 
 
 
 
 
 
Stock Repurchases

The Company is subject to certain restrictions on its ability to repurchase its common stock.  The Company is required 
to give the Federal Reserve prior written notice of any purchase or redemption of its outstanding equity securities if the consideration 
for the purchase or redemption, when combined with the net consideration paid for all such purchases or redemptions during the 
preceding 12 months, is equal to 10% or more of its consolidated net worth.  The Federal Reserve may disapprove a purchase or 
redemption if it determines that the proposal would constitute an unsafe or unsound practice or would violate any law, regulation, 
Federal Reserve order, or any condition imposed by, or written agreement with, the Federal Reserve.  

The Company has had various stock repurchase programs since January 1998.  On July 28, 2015, the Company announced 
a plan to repurchase 352,681 shares of the Company's common stock. This marked the Company's 17th stock repurchase plan.  
As  of  September 30,  2016,  the  Company  has  repurchased  130,788  of  these  shares  at  an  average  price  of  $11.69  per  share. 
Cumulatively, since January 1998 the Company has repurchased 7,914,722 shares at an average price of $9.02 per share. 

The following table sets forth the Company's repurchases of its outstanding Common Stock during the fourth quarter of 

the year ended September 30, 2016.

Period

Total
Number of
Shares
Purchased

Average
Price Paid
per Share

Total Number of
Shares Purchased
as Part of Publicly
Announced Plans

Maximum Number
(or Approximate
Dollar Value) of
Shares that May
Yet Be Purchased
Under the Plans

July 1, 2016 - July 31, 2016

August 1, 2016 - August 31, 2016

September 1, 2016 - September 30, 2016

Total

— $

—

—

— $

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

221,893

221,893

221,893

221,893

47

 
 
 
     
Five-Year Stock Performance Graph

The following graph compares the cumulative total shareholder return on our common stock with the cumulative total 
return  on  the  Nasdaq  U.S.  Companies  Index  and  with  the  SNL  $500  million  to  $1  Billion Asset  Thrift  Index,  peer  group 
indices.  Total return assumes the reinvestment of all dividends and that the value of the Company’s Common Stock and each 
index was $100 on September 30, 2011.

Index
Timberland Bancorp
NASDAQ Composite
SNL $500M-$1B Thrift Index *

$

9/30/2011

9/30/2012

9/30/2013

9/30/2014

9/30/2015

100.00 $
100.00
100.00

148.51 $
130.53
125.76

225.17 $
160.26
154.97

267.81 $
193.28
171.58

283.03 $
201.01
202.61

9/30/2016
420.61
234.02
230.59

Year Ended

* Source: SNL Financial LC, Charlottesville, VA

Item 6.  Selected Financial Data

The following table sets forth certain information concerning the consolidated financial position and results of operations 
of the Company and its subsidiary at and for the dates indicated.   The consolidated data is derived in part from, and should be 
read in conjunction with, the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Company and its subsidiary presented herein.

48

 
 
At September 30,

2016

2015

2014

2013

2012

(Dollars in thousands)

SELECTED FINANCIAL CONDITION DATA:

Total assets

Loans receivable, net

$ 891,388

$ 815,815

$ 745,565

$ 745,648

$

736,954

663,146

604,277

564,853

546,193

537,053

Investment securities held to maturity

Investment securities available for sale

FHLB stock

Cash and due from financial institutions and

interest-bearing deposits in banks

Certificates of deposit held for investment

OREO and other repossessed assets, net

Deposits

FHLB borrowings

Shareholders' equity

SELECTED OPERATING DATA:

7,511

1,342

2,204

108,941

53,000

4,117

7,913

1,392

2,699

92,289

48,611

7,854

5,298

2,857

5,246

72,354

35,845

9,092

2,737

4,101

5,452

94,496

30,042

11,720

761,534

678,912

615,116

608,262

30,000

96,834

45,000

89,187

45,000

82,778

45,000

89,688

3,339

4,945

5,655

96,668

23,490

13,302

597,926

45,000

90,319

Year Ended September 30,

2016

2015

2014

2013

2012

(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)

Interest and dividend income

$

34,875

$

31,168

$

29,857

$

30,237

$

31,605

Interest expense

Net interest income

Provision for (recapture of) loan losses
Net interest income after provision for (recapture

of) loan losses
Non-interest income

Non-interest expense

Income before federal income taxes

Provision for federal income taxes

Net income

Preferred stock dividends

Preferred stock discount accretion

Discount on redemption of preferred stock

4,072

30,803
—

30,803
10,889

26,637

15,055

4,901

10,154
—

—

—

3,890

27,278
(1,525)

28,803

9,522

25,841

12,484

4,192

8,292

—

—

—

3,939

25,918

—

25,918

8,530

25,798

8,650

2,800

5,850
(136)
(70)
—

4,439

25,798

2,925

22,873

10,262

25,864

7,271

2,514

4,757
(710)
(283)
255

Net income to common shareholders

$

10,154

$

8,292

$

5,644

$

4,019

$

5,947

25,658

3,500

22,158

9,781

25,568

6,371

1,781

4,590
(832)
(240)
—

3,518

Net income per common share:

Basic

Diluted

Dividends per common share

Dividend payout ratio (1)

$

$

$

1.48

1.43

0.37

$

$

$

1.20

1.17

0.24

$

$

$

0.82

0.80

$

$

0.59

0.58

$

$

— $

— $

25.39%

20.42%

19.97%

15.78%

0.52

0.52

—

N/A

_______________
(1) 

Cash dividends to common shareholders divided by net income to common shareholders.

49

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTHER DATA:

2016

2015

At September 30,
2014

2013

2012

Number of real estate loans outstanding
Deposit accounts
Full-service offices

2,615
53,611
22

2,545
52,343
22

2,525
52,656
22

2,524
54,809
22

2,513
55,848
22

KEY FINANCIAL RATIOS:

Performance Ratios:

Return on average assets (1)

Return on average equity (2)

Interest rate spread (3)

Net interest margin (4)

At or For the Year Ended September 30,

2016

2015

2014

2013

2012

1.19%

1.07%

0.79%

0.64%

0.62%

11.00

3.72

3.88

9.70

3.66

3.80

7.08

3.71

3.84

5.27

3.69

3.82

5.21

3.65

3.81

Average interest-earning assets to average interest-

bearing liabilities

Non-interest expense as a percent of average total

assets

131.69

126.41

122.04

119.93

117.42

3.13

3.33

3.50

3.49

3.48

Efficiency ratio (5)

63.89

70.22

74.89

71.72

72.15

Asset Quality Ratios:

Non-accrual and 90 days or more past due loans as a

percent of total loans receivable, net

0.45%

1.02%

2.08%

2.57%

4.19%

Non-performing assets as a percent of total assets (6)

Allowance for loan losses as a percent of total loans

receivable, net (7)

0.88

1.46

1.84

1.62

Allowance for loan losses as a percent of non-

performing loans (8)

Net charge-offs (recoveries) to average outstanding
loans

326.66

160.30

0.02

(0.17)

2.94

1.81

88.96

0.12

3.75

2.00

79.28

0.65

5.19

2.15

52.48

0.66

Capital Ratios:

Total equity-to-assets ratio

Average equity to average assets

10.86%

10.84

10.93%

11.01

11.10%

11.20

12.03%

12.19

12.26%

11.98

__________________
(1) 
(2) 
(3) 

Net income divided by average total assets.
Net income divided by average total equity.
Difference  between  weighted  average  yield  on  interest-earning  assets  and  weighted  average  cost  of  interest-bearing 
liabilities.
Net interest income before provision for (recapture of) loan losses as a percentage of average interest-earning assets.
Non-interest expenses divided by the sum of net interest income and non-interest income.
Non-performing assets include non-accrual loans, loans past due 90 days or more and still accruing, non-accrual investment 
securities, OREO and other repossessed assets.
Loans receivable is before the allowance for loan losses.
Non-performing loans include non-accrual loans and loans past due 90 days or more and still accruing.  Troubled debt 
restructured loans that are on accrual status are not included.

(4) 
(5) 
(6) 

(7) 
(8) 

50

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Item 7.  Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF
FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

General

Management's  Discussion  and Analysis  of  Financial  Condition  and  Results  of  Operations  is  intended  to  assist  in 
understanding the consolidated financial condition and results of operations of the Company.  The information contained in this 
section should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and accompanying notes thereto included in 
Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

Certain matters discussed in this Annual Report on Form 10-K may contain forward-looking statements within the meaning 
of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995.  These statements relate to our financial condition, results of operations, 
plans, objectives, future performance or business.  Forward-looking statements are not statements of historical fact and often 
include  the  words  "believes,"  "expects,"  "anticipates,"  "estimates,"  "forecasts,"  "intends,"  "plans,"  "targets,"  "potentially," 
"probably," "projects," "outlook" or similar expressions or future or conditional verbs such as "may," "will," "should," "would" 
and "could." Forward-looking statements include statements with respect to our beliefs, plans, objectives, goals, expectations, 
assumptions and statements about future economic performance.  These forward-looking statements are subject to known and 
unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that could cause our actual results to differ materially from the results anticipated 
or implied by our forward-looking statements, including, but not limited to: the credit risks of lending activities, including changes 
in the level and trend of loan delinquencies and write-offs and changes in our allowance for loan losses and provision for loan 
losses that may be impacted by deterioration in the housing and commercial real estate markets which may lead to increased losses 
and non-performing loans in our loan portfolio, and may result in our allowance for loan losses not being adequate to cover actual 
losses, and require us to materially increase our loan loss reserves; changes in general economic conditions, either nationally or 
in our market areas; changes in the levels of general interest rates, and the relative differences between short and long term interest 
rates, deposit interest rates, our net interest margin and funding sources; fluctuations in the demand for loans, the number of unsold 
homes, land and other properties and fluctuations in real estate values in our market areas;  secondary market conditions for loans 
and our ability to sell loans in the secondary market; results of examinations of us by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve 
System and of our bank subsidiary by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, the Washington State Department of Financial 
Institutions, Division of Banks or other regulatory authorities, including the possibility that any such regulatory authority may, 
among other things, institute a formal or informal enforcement action against us or our bank subsidiary which could require us to 
increase our allowance for loan losses, write-down assets, change our regulatory capital position or affect our ability to borrow 
funds or maintain or increase deposits or impose additional requirements or restrictions on us, any of which could adversely affect 
our liquidity and earnings; legislative or regulatory changes that adversely affect our business including changes in regulatory 
policies and principles, or the interpretation of regulatory capital or other rules including as a result of Basel III; the impact of the 
Dodd Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act and implementing regulations; our ability to attract and retain 
deposits; increases in premiums for deposit insurance; our ability to control operating costs and expenses; the use of estimates in 
determining fair value of certain of our assets, which estimates may prove to be incorrect and result in significant declines in 
valuation; difficulties in reducing risks associated with the loans on our consolidated balance sheet; staffing fluctuations in response 
to product demand or the implementation of corporate strategies that affect our work force and potential associated charges; the 
failure or security breach of computer systems on which we depend; our ability to retain key members of our senior management 
team; costs and effects of litigation, including settlements and judgments; our ability to implement our business strategies; our 
ability to successfully integrate any assets, liabilities, customers, systems, and management personnel we may acquire into our 
operations and our ability to realize related revenue synergies and cost savings within expected time frames and any goodwill 
charges related thereto; our ability to manage loan delinquency rates; increased competitive pressures among financial services 
companies; changes in consumer spending, borrowing and savings habits; the availability of resources to address changes in laws, 
rules, or regulations or to respond to regulatory actions; our ability to pay dividends on our common stock; adverse changes in 
the securities markets; inability of key third-party providers to perform their obligations to us; changes in accounting policies and 
practices, as may be adopted by the financial institution regulatory agencies or the Financial Accounting Standards Board, including 
additional guidance and interpretation on accounting issues and details of the implementation of new accounting methods; the 
economic impact of war or any terrorist activities; other economic, competitive, governmental, regulatory, and technological 
factors affecting our operations; pricing, products and services; and other risks described elsewhere in this Form 10-K and the 
Company's other reports filed with or furnished to the SEC.

51

 
 
Any of the forward-looking statements that we make in this Form 10-K and in the other public statements we make are 
based upon management's beliefs and assumptions at the time they are made.  We do not undertake and specifically disclaim any  
obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements included in this annual report to reflect the occurrence of 
anticipated or unanticipated events or circumstances after the date of such statements or to update the reasons why actual results 
could differ from those contained in such statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.  In light 
of these risks, uncertainties and assumptions, the forward-looking statements discussed in this document might not occur and we 
caution readers not to place undue reliance on any forward-looking statements. These risks could cause our actual results for fiscal 
2017 and beyond to differ materially from those expressed in any forward-looking statements by, or on behalf of, us, and could 
negatively affect the Company's financial condition and results of operations as well as its stock price performance.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

The Company has established various accounting policies that govern the application of GAAP in the preparation of the 
Company's Consolidated Financial Statements.  The Company has identified five policies that as a result of judgments, estimates 
and  assumptions  inherent  in  those  policies,  are  critical  to  an  understanding  of  the  Company's  Consolidated  Financial 
Statements.  These policies relate to the methodology for the determination of the allowance for loan losses, the valuation of MSRs, 
the determination of other than temporary impairment ("OTTI") in the market value of investment securities, the determination 
of goodwill impairment and the determination of the recorded value of OREO.  These policies and the judgments, estimates and 
assumptions are described in greater detail in subsequent sections of Management's Discussion and Analysis contained herein and 
in the notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements contained in Item 8 of this Form 10-K.  In particular, Note 1 to the Consolidated 
Financial  Statements,  “Summary  of  Significant  Accounting  Policies,”  generally  describes  the  Company's  accounting 
policies.  Management  believes  that  the  judgments,  estimates  and  assumptions  used  in  the  preparation  of  the  Company's 
Consolidated Financial Statements are appropriate given the factual circumstances at the time.  However, given the sensitivity of 
the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements to these critical policies, the use of other judgments, estimates and assumptions 
could result in material differences in the Company's results of operations or financial condition.

New Accounting Pronouncements

For a discussion of new accounting pronouncements and their impact on the Company, see Note 1 to the Consolidated 

Financial Statements contained in “Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.”

Operating Strategy

The Company is a bank holding company which operates primarily through its subsidiary, the Bank.  The Bank is a 
community-oriented  bank  which  has  traditionally  offered  a  wide  variety  of  savings  products  to  its  retail  customers  while 
concentrating its lending activities on real estate loans.  In spite of persistently weak economic conditions and exceptionally low 
interest rates which have created an unusually challenging banking environment for an extended period, the Company experienced 
marked improvement in profitability in fiscal years 2016 and 2015 as net interest income and non-interest income increased.  Credit 
related costs also decreased as real estate values modestly improved along with general economic conditions resulting in materially 
lower loan charge-offs and write-downs of OREO as compared to prior periods.  Although there continue to be indications that 
economic conditions in the U.S., including Washington State where we hold substantially all of our loans and conduct all of our 
operations, are improving from the recessionary downturn, the pace of recovery has been modest and uneven, and ongoing stress 
in the economy will likely continue to be challenging going forward.  In response to the financial challenges in our market areas 
we have taken actions to manage our capital, reduce our exposure to speculative construction loans and land loans and maintain 
higher levels of on balance sheet liquidity.  We continue to originate residential fixed-rate mortgage loans primarily for sale in the 
secondary market.  We also continue to manage the growth of our commercial and multi-family real estate loan portfolios in a 
disciplined fashion while continuing to dispose of OREO properties and increase retail deposits.

We believe continued bank consolidation in western Washington will provide opportunities for the Company to increase 

market share within the communities it serves. We are currently pursuing the following strategies:

Expand our presence within our existing market areas by capturing opportunities resulting from changes in the 
competitive environment. We currently conduct our business primarily in western Washington. We have a community bank 
strategy that emphasizes responsive and personalized service to our customers.  As a result of consolidation of banks in our market 
areas, we believe there is an opportunity for a community and customer focused bank to expand its customer base.  By offering 
timely  decision  making,  delivering  appropriate  banking  products  and  services,  and  providing  customer  access  to  our  senior 
managers we believe community banks, such as Timberland Bank, can distinguish themselves from larger banks operating in our 
market areas.  We believe we have a significant opportunity to attract additional borrowers and depositors and expand our market 
presence and market share within our extensive branch footprint.
52

 
 
 
 
 
 
Portfolio diversification. In recent years, we have strictly limited the origination of speculative construction loans and 
land loans in favor of loans that possess credit profiles representing less risk to the Bank.  We continue originating owner/builder 
and custom construction loans, multi-family loans, commercial business loans and certain commercial real estate loans which 
offer higher risk adjusted returns, shorter maturities and more sensitivity to interest rate fluctuations than fixed rate one-to four-
family loans.  We anticipate capturing more of each customer's banking relationship by cross selling our loan and deposit products 
and offering additional services to our customers.

Increase core deposits and other retail deposit products. We focus on establishing a total banking relationship with 
our  customers  with  the  intent  of  internally  funding  our  loan  portfolio.    We  anticipate  that  the  continued  focus  on  customer 
relationships  will increase  our  level  of  core  deposits  and  locally-based  retail  certificates  of  deposit.    In  addition  to  our  retail 
branches, we maintain technology based products such as business cash management and a business remote deposit product that 
enables us to compete effectively with banks of all sizes.

Limit exposure to increasing interest rates. For many years, the majority of the loans the Bank has retained in its 
portfolio have generally possessed periodic interest rate adjustment features or have been relatively short term in nature.  Loans 
originated  for  portfolio  retention  have  generally  included ARM  loans,  short  term  construction  loans,  and  to  a  lesser  extent 
commercial business loans with interest rates tied to a market index such as the Prime Rate.  Longer term fixed-rate mortgage 
loans have generally been originated for sale into the secondary market.

Continue  generating  revenues  through  mortgage  banking  operations. The  substantial  majority  of  the  fixed-rate 
residential mortgage loans we originate are sold into the secondary market with servicing retained.  This strategy produces gains 
on the sale of such loans and reduces the interest rate and credit risk associated with fixed-rate residential lending.  We continue 
to originate custom construction and owner builder loans for sale into the secondary market upon the completion of construction.

Improve asset quality. We believe that strong asset quality is a key to our long-term financial success.  We are focused 
on monitoring existing performing loans, resolving non-performing assets and selling foreclosed assets.  Non-performing assets 
have decreased from $38.3 million at September 30, 2012, to $7.9 million at September 30, 2016.  We continue to seek to reduce 
the level of non-performing assets through collections, write-downs, modifications and sales of OREO.  We also take proactive 
steps  to  resolve  our  non-performing  loans,  including  negotiating  payment  plans,  forbearances,  loan  modifications  and  loan 
extensions and accepting short payoffs on delinquent loans when such actions have been deemed appropriate.  We have also 
accepted short payoffs on delinquent loans, particularly when such payoffs result in a smaller loss to us than foreclosure.

Market Risk and Asset and Liability Management

General.  Market risk is the risk of loss from adverse changes in market prices and rates.  The Bank's market risk arises 
primarily from interest rate risk inherent in its lending, investment, deposit and borrowing activities.  The Bank, like other financial 
institutions, is subject to interest rate risk to the extent that its interest-earning assets reprice differently than its interest-bearing 
liabilities.  Management actively monitors and manages its interest rate risk exposure.  Although the Bank manages other risks, 
such as credit quality and liquidity risk, in the normal course of business management considers interest rate risk to be its most 
significant  market  risk  that  could  potentially  have  the  largest  material  effect  on  the  Bank's  financial  condition  and  results  of 
operations.  The Bank does not maintain a trading account for any class of financial instruments nor does it engage in hedging 
activities.  Furthermore, the Bank is not subject to foreign currency exchange rate risk or commodity price risk.

Qualitative Aspects of Market Risk.  The Bank's principal financial objective is to achieve long-term profitability while 
reducing its exposure to fluctuating market interest rates.  The Bank has sought to reduce the exposure of its earnings to changes 
in  market  interest  rates  by  attempting  to  manage  the  difference  between  asset  and  liability  maturities  and  interest  rates.  The 
principal element in achieving this objective is to increase the interest rate sensitivity of the Bank's interest-earning assets by 
retaining in its portfolio, short-term loans and loans with interest rates subject to periodic adjustments.  The Bank relies on retail 
deposits as its primary source of funds.  As part of its interest rate risk management strategy, the Bank promotes transaction accounts 
and certificates of deposit with terms of up to five years.

The Bank has adopted a strategy that is designed to substantially match the interest rate sensitivity of assets relative to 
its  liabilities.  The  primary  elements  of  this  strategy  involve  originating ARM  loans  for  its  portfolio,  maintaining  residential 
construction loans as a portion of total net loans receivable because of their generally shorter terms and higher yields than other 
one- to four-family residential mortgage loans, matching asset and liability maturities, investing in short-term securities, and 
originating fixed-rate loans for retention or sale in the secondary market while retaining the related MSRs.

53

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Sharp increases or decreases in interest rates may adversely affect the Bank's earnings.  Management of the Bank monitors 
the Bank's interest rate sensitivity through the use of a model provided by FIMAC Solutions, LLC (“FIMAC”), a company that 
specializes in providing interest rate risk and balance sheet management services to the financial services industry. Based on a 
rate shock analysis prepared by FIMAC based on data at September 30, 2016, an immediate increase in interest rates of 100 basis 
points would increase the Bank’s projected net interest income by approximately 4.1%, primarily because a larger portion of the 
Bank's interest rate sensitive assets than interest rate sensitive liabilities would reprice within a one year period.  Conversely, an 
immediate decrease in interest rates of 100 basis points would decrease the Bank's projected net interest income by approximately 
4.7%.  See “Quantitative Aspects of Market Risk” below for additional information.  Management has sought to sustain the match 
between asset and liability maturities and rates, while maintaining an acceptable interest rate spread.  Pursuant to this strategy, the 
Bank actively originates adjustable-rate loans for retention in its loan portfolio.  Fixed-rate mortgage loans with maturities greater 
than seven years generally are originated for the immediate or future resale in the secondary mortgage market.  At September 30, 
2016, adjustable-rate mortgage loans constituted $417.2 million, or 62.9%, of the Bank's total mortgage loan portfolio due after 
one year.  Although the Bank has sought to originate ARM loans, the ability to originate such loans depends to a great extent on 
market interest rates and borrowers' preferences.  In lower interest rate environments, borrowers often prefer fixed-rate loans.

Consumer, commercial business and construction loans typically have shorter terms and higher yields than permanent 
residential mortgage loans, and accordingly reduce the Bank’s exposure to fluctuations in interest rates. At September 30, 2016, 
the consumer, commercial business and construction portfolios amounted to $43.9 million, $41.8 million and $123.1 million, or 
6.1%, 5.8% and 17.0% of total loans receivable, respectively.

Quantitative Aspects of Market Risk.  The model provided for the Bank by FIMAC estimates the changes in net portfolio 
value ("NPV") and net interest income in response to a range of assumed changes in market interest rates.  The model first estimates 
the level of the Bank's NPV (market value of assets, less market value of liabilities, plus or minus the market value of any off-
balance sheet items) under the current rate environment.  In general, market values are estimated by discounting the estimated 
cash flows of each instrument by appropriate discount rates.  The model then recalculates the Bank's NPV under different interest 
rate scenarios.  The change in NPV under the different interest rate scenarios provides a measure of the Bank's exposure to interest 
rate risk.  The following table is provided by FIMAC based on data at September 30, 2016.

Hypothetical
Interest Rate
Scenario (3)
(Basis Points)  
+400
+300
+200
+100
BASE
-100

Net Interest Income (1)(2)
$ Change
from Base

Estimated
Value

% Change
from Base

Estimated
Value
(Dollars in thousands)

Current Market Value
$ Change
from Base

% Change
from Base

$

$

35,840
34,591
33,276
31,877
30,610
29,159

5,230
3,981
2,666
1,267
—
(1,451)

17.08% $
13.00
8.71
4.14
—
(4.74)

$

192,968
184,314
174,959
165,027
155,187
141,079

37,781
29,127
19,772
9,840
—
(14,108)

24.35%
18.77
12.74
6.34
—
(9.09)

___________
(1) 
(2) 
(3) 

Does not include loan fees.
Includes BOLI income, which is included in non-interest income in the Consolidated Financial Statements.
No rates in the model are allowed to go below zero.  Given the relatively low level of market interest rates, a 
calculation for a decrease of greater than 100 basis points has not been prepared.

Computations of prospective effects of hypothetical interest rate changes are based on numerous assumptions, including 
relative levels of market interest rates, loan repayments and deposit decay, and should not be relied upon as indicative of actual 
results.  Furthermore, the computations do not reflect any actions management may undertake in response to changes in interest 
rates.

In the event of a 100 basis point decrease in interest rates, the Bank would be expected to experience a 9.1% decrease in 
NPV and a 4.7% decrease in net interest income.  In the event of a 100 basis point increase in interest rates, a 6.3% increase in 
NPV and a 4.1% increase in net interest income would be expected.  Based upon the modeling described above, the Bank's asset 
and liability structure generally results in increases in net interest income and NPV in a rising interest rate scenario and decreases 
in net interest income and NPV in a declining interest rate scenario.

54

 
 
 
 
 
As with any method of measuring interest rate risk, certain shortcomings are inherent in the method of analysis presented 
in the foregoing table.  For example, although certain assets and liabilities may have similar maturities or periods to repricing, 
they may react in different degrees to changes in market interest rates.  Also, the interest rates on certain types of assets and 
liabilities may fluctuate in advance of changes in market interest rates, while interest rates on other types may lag behind changes 
in market rates.  Additionally, certain assets have features which restrict changes in interest rates on a short-term basis and over 
the life of the asset.  Further, in the event of a change in interest rates, expected rates of prepayments on loans and early withdrawals 
from certificates could possibly deviate significantly from those assumed in calculating the table.

Comparison of Financial Condition at September 30, 2016 and September 30, 2015 

The Company's total assets increased by $75.6 million, or 9.3%, to $891.4 million at September 30, 2016 from $815.8 
million  at  September 30,  2015.  The  increase  was  primarily  attributable  to  increases  in  net  loans  receivable,  cash  and  cash 
equivalents and certificates of deposit ("CDs") held for investment, which were partially offset by a decrease in OREO and other 
repossessed assets. 

Net loans receivable increased by $58.9 million, or 9.7%, to $663.1 million at September 30, 2016 from $604.3 million
at September 30, 2015, primarily as a result of increases in custom and owner/builder construction loans, commercial real estate 
loans, multi-family loans, commercial business loans and consumer loans.  These increases in net loans receivable were partially 
offset by decreases in commercial construction loans, multi-family construction loans and land loans.

The Company's total liabilities increased by $67.9 million, or 9.3%, to $794.6 million at September 30, 2016 from $726.6 
million at September 30, 2015 primarily due to an increase in total deposits, which was partially offset by a decrease in FHLB 
borrowings.  Total deposits increased by $82.6 million, or 12.2%, to $761.5 million at September 30, 2016 from $678.9 million
at September 30, 2015, primarily as a result of increases in non-interest bearing, NOW checking, money market, and savings  
account balances.  These increases were partially offset by a decrease in CD account balances.

Shareholders' equity increased by $7.6 million, or 8.6%, to $96.8 million at September 30, 2016 from $89.2 million at 
September 30, 2015.   The increase was primarily due to net income for the year ended September 30, 2016 of $10.2 million, 
which was partially offset by dividends paid to shareholders of $2.6 million and repurchases of common stock totaling $820,000.  
As of September 30, 2016, the Company exceeded all regulatory capital requirements required for bank holding company regulatory 
purposes.  For additional details see Note 16 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements contained in "Item 8. Financial 
Statements and Supplementary Data" and "Item 1. Business - Regulation of the Company - Capital Requirements."

A more detailed explanation of the changes in significant balance sheet categories follows:

Cash and Cash Equivalents and CDs Held for Investment: Cash and cash equivalents and CDs held for investment 
increased by $21.0 million, or 14.9%, to $161.9 million at September 30, 2016 from $140.9 million at September 30, 2015.    The 
increase was due to a $16.6 million increase in total cash and cash equivalents and a $4.4 million increase in CDs held for investment. 
 The Company continued to maintain high levels of liquidity primarily for asset-liability management purposes.

Investment Securities:  Investment securities decreased by $452,000, or 4.9%, to $8.9 million at September 30, 2016
from  $9.3  million  at  September 30,  2015.  The  decrease  was  primarily  due  to  scheduled  amortization  and  prepayments.    For 
additional details on investment securities, see "Item 1. Business - Investment Activities" and Note 3 to the Consolidated Financial 
Statements contained in "Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data."

FHLB Stock: FHLB stock decreased by $495,000, or 18.3%, to $2.2 million at September 30, 2016 from $2.7 million
at September 30, 2015, due to stock redemptions by the FHLB.  The required investment in FHLB stock decreased due to the 
decrease in FHLB borrowings. 

Loans Held for Sale:  Loans held for sale increased by $553,000, or 18.1%, to $3.6 million at September 30, 2016 from 
$3.1 million at September 30, 2015.  The Company sells longer-term fixed-rate residential loans and the guaranteed portion of 
SBA commercial business loans for asset-liability management purposes and to generate non-interest income.  The Company sold 
$58.9 million in loans during the year ended September 30, 2016 compared to $57.5 million for the year ended September 30, 
2015. 

Loans Receivable, Net of Allowance for Loan Losses:  Net loans receivable increased by $58.9 million, or 9.7%, to 
$663.1 million at September 30, 2016 from $604.3 million at September 30, 2015.  The increase was primarily a result of a $30.1 
million increase in custom and owner/builder construction loans, a $21.3 million increase in commercial real estate loans, a $10.0 
million increase in multi-family loans, an $8.1 million increase in commercial business loans, a $5.0 million increase consumer 
55

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
loans, a $1.9 million increase in one- to four-family loans, a $1.4 million increase in speculative one- to four-family construction 
loans, and a $4.8 million decrease in undisbursed portion of construction loans in process.  These increases were partially set offset 
by an $11.4 million decrease in commercial construction loans, an $8.0 million decrease in multi-family construction loans, and 
a $4.5 million decrease in land loans.  

Loan originations increased by 1.9% to $267.4 million for the year ended September 30, 2016 from $262.4 million for 
the year ended September 30, 2015.  For additional information on loans, see "Item 1. Business - Lending Activities" and Note 4 
to the Consolidated Financial Statements contained in "Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data."

Premises and Equipment:  Premises and equipment decreased by $695,000, or 4.1%, to $16.2 million at September 30, 
2016 from $16.9 million at September 30, 2015.  The decrease was primarily due to normal depreciation, which was partially 
offset by additions to premises and equipment from several remodeling projects at branch offices and capitalized technology 
costs.  In November 2016, the Company began a major remodel of the Edgewood branch that will cost approximately $1.0 million.  
The remodel is anticipated to be completed in March 2017.  For additional information on premises and equipment, see "Item 2. 
Properties" and Note 6 to the Consolidated Financial Statements contained in "Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary 
Data."

OREO and Other Repossessed Assets:  OREO and other repossessed assets decreased by $3.8 million, or 47.6%, to 
$4.1 million at September 30, 2016 from $7.9 million at September 30, 2015.  The decrease was primarily due to the disposition 
of $3.8 million in OREO properties and other repossessed assets and OREO valuation write-downs of $434,000.  These decreases 
in OREO and other repossessed assets were partially offset by the addition of $307,000 in OREO properties and $142,000 in 
capitalized  improvements  to  OREO  properties.   At  September 30,  2016,  the  OREO  balance  was  comprised  of  22  individual 
properties and one other repossessed asset.  The properties consisted of 14 land parcels totaling $2.3 million, five single family 
homes totaling $1.1 million, three commercial real estate properties totaling $648,000 and one mobile home of $67,000.  The 
largest OREO property at September 30, 2016 was land located in Lewis County with a balance of $957,000.  For additional 
information on OREO and other repossessed assets, see "Item 1. Business - Lending Activities - Other Real Estate Owned and 
Other Repossessed Assets" and Note 7 to the Consolidated Financial Statements contained in "Item 8. Financial Statements and 
Supplementary Data."

Bank Owned Life Insurance ("BOLI"):  BOLI increased by $551,000, or 3.0%, to $18.7 million at September 30, 

2016 from $18.2 million at September 30, 2015 due to net BOLI earnings, representing the increase in cash surrender value.

Goodwill:  The  recorded  amount  of  goodwill  of  $5.7  million  at  September 30,  2016  remained  unchanged  from 
September 30, 2015.  The Company performed its annual review of goodwill during the quarter ended June 30, 2016 and determined 
that  there  was  no  impairment.  For  additional  information  on  goodwill,  see  Note  1  to  the  Consolidated  Financial  Statements 
contained in "Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data."

MSRs:  MSRs increased by $95,000, or 6.4%, to $1.6 million at September 30, 2016 from $1.5 million at September 30, 
2015, primarily due to the addition of $650,000 in capitalized MSRs for new loans being serviced, which was partially offset by 
amortization of $555,000.   The principal amount of loans serviced for Freddie Mac and the SBA increased by $8.8 million, or 
2.7%, to $340.3 million at September 30, 2016 from $331.5 million at September 30, 2015.  For additional information on MSRs, 
see Note 5 to the Consolidated Financial Statements contained in "Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data."

Deposits: Deposits increased by $82.6 million, or 12.2%, to $761.5 million at September 30, 2016 from $678.9 million
at September 30, 2015.  The increase was primarily a result of a $30.9 million increase in non-interest bearing demand account 
balances, a $23.2 million increase in NOW checking account balances, a $21.5 million increase in money market account balances, 
and a $13.2 million increase in savings account balances.  These increases were partially offset by a $6.1 million decrease in CD 
account balances.  The increase in non-interest bearing demand account and NOW checking account balances was primarily due 
to increased commercial and consumer checking accounts as the Company continued to emphasize increasing its transaction 
accounts base.  The Company also experienced deposit inflows due to a number of customers transferring funds from other financial 
institutions during the year ended September 30, 2016.  The decrease in CD account balances was primarily due to the Company 
opting not to match interest rates offered by competitors.  For additional information on deposits, see "Item 1. Business - Deposit 
Activities and Other Sources of Funds" and Note 8 to the Consolidated Financial Statements contained in "Item 8. Financial 
Statements and Supplementary Data."

FHLB Borrowings: FHLB borrowings decreased by $15.0 million, or 33.3%, to $30.0 million at September 30, 2016 
from $45.0 million at September 30, 2015.  The Company prepaid a $15.0 million borrowing on September 30, 2016 which cost 
approximately $54,000 in interest per month and incurred a $138,000 prepayment penalty.  At September 30, 2016, remaining 
FHLB borrowings consisted of two $15.0 million long-term FHLB borrowings with scheduled maturities in August 2016 and 
56

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
September 2017, which bear interest at rates of 4.27% and 3.69%, respectively.  Their maturities are expected to significantly 
reduce the Company's interest expense.  For additional information on borrowings, see "Item 1, Business - Deposit Activities and 
Other  Sources  of  Funds  -  Borrowings"  and  Note  9  to  the  Consolidated  Financial  Statements  contained  in  "Item  8.  Financial 
Statements and Supplementary Data."

Shareholders' Equity:  Total shareholders' equity increased by $7.6 million, or 8.6%, to $96.8 million at September 30, 
2016 from $89.2 million at September 30, 2015.  The increase was primarily due to net income of $10.2 million for the year ended 
September 30, 2016, which was partially offset by the payment of $2.6 million in dividends to common shareholders and the 
repurchase of 66,000 shares of the Company's common stock for $820,000.  For additional information on shareholders' equity, 
see the Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity contained in "Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data."

Comparison of Operating Results for the Years Ended September 30, 2016 and 2015 

Net income for the year ended September 30, 2016 increased by $1.86 million, or 22.5%, to $10.15 million from $8.29 
million for the year ended September 30, 2015.  Net income per diluted common share increased by $0.26, or 22.2%, to $1.43 for 
the year ended September 30, 2016 from $1.17 for the year ended September 30, 2015.  The increase in net income was primarily  
due to increases in net interest income and non-interest income, which was partially offset by a decrease in the recapture of loan 
losses, an increase in non-interest expense, and an increase in the provision for federal income taxes.  

A more detailed explanation of the income statement categories is presented below.

Net Interest Income:  Net interest income increased by $3.53 million, or 12.9%, to $30.80 million for the year ended 
September 30, 2016 from $27.28 million for the year ended September 30, 2015.  The increase in net interest income was due to 
an increase in interest income, which was partially offset by an increase in interest expense. 

Total  interest  and  dividend  income  increased  by  $3.71  million,  or  11.9%,  to  $34.88  million  for  the  year  ended 
September 30, 2016 from $31.17 million for the year ended September 30, 2015, primarily due to a $76.84 million increase in the 
average balance of total interest-bearing assets to $794.7 million from $717.9 million.  Interest income on loans receivable and 
loans held for sale increased by $3.18 million, to $33.58 million for the year ended September 30, 2016 from $30.40 million for 
the year ended September 30, 2015, primarily due to an increase in the average balance of net loans receivable and loans held for 
sale of $46.95 million during the year.  Average loan yields increased thirteen basis points compared to the year ended September 
30, 2016, as the percentage of higher yielding  nonresidential mortgage loans as a percentage of total mortgage loans increased. 
Also contributing to the increase in the average loan yield and the increase in interest and dividend income was a $454,000 increase 
in non-accrual interest and prepayment penalties collected during the year ended September 30, 2016.

Total interest expense increased by $182,000 to $4.07 million, or 4.7%, for the year ended September 30, 2016 from 
$3.89 million for the year ended September 30, 2015, primarily due to a $138,000 prepayment penalty on a $15.00 million FHLB 
borrowing (that was repaid before its scheduled maturity date of December 21, 2016) and a $35.58 million increase in average 
interest-bearing liabilities to $603.48 million for the year ended September 30, 2016 from $567.89 million for the year ended 
September 30, 2015.  Partially offsetting these increases was a decrease in the average rate paid on interest-bearing liabilities to 
0.67% for the year ended September 30, 2016 from 0.68% for the year ended September 30, 2015.

The net interest margin increased eight basis points to 3.88% for the year ended September 30, 2016 from 3.80% for the 
year ended September 30, 2015, as the yield on interest-bearing assets increased to 4.39% for the year ended September 30, 2016 
from 4.34% for the year ending September 30, 2015.  The net interest margin for the year was also increased by the collection of 
$454,000  of  non-accrual  interest  and  prepayment  penalties,  which  was  partially  offset  by  the  payment  of  a  $138,000  FHLB 
borrowing prepayment penalty.

Provision for (Recapture of) Loan Losses: There was no provision for (recapture of) loan losses for the year ended 
September 30, 2016 compared to a recapture of loan losses of $1.53 million for the year ended September 30, 2015.  There were 
net charge-offs of $98,000 for the year ended September 30, 2016 compared to net recoveries of $1.02 million for the year ended 
September 30,  2015.  The  net  charge-offs  (recoveries)  to  average  outstanding  loans  ratio  was  0.02%  for  the  year  ended 
September 30, 2016 and (0.17)% for the year ended September 30, 2015.  The recapture of loan losses for the year ended September 
30, 2015 was primarily due to the level of net recoveries and improvements in other underlying credit quality metrics in the loan 
portfolio.  The level of delinquent loans (loans 30 or more days past due) decreased by $3.70 million, or 51.6%, to $3.47 million 
at September 30, 2016 from $7.17 million at September 30, 2015 and the level of loans graded substandard decreased by $7.68 
million, or 60.4%, to $5.04 million at September 30, 2016 from $12.72 million at September 30, 2015.  Non-accrual loans decreased
by $3.17 million, or 52.4%, to $2.87 million at September 30, 2016 from $6.04 million at September 30, 2015.

57

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The  Company  has  established  a  comprehensive  methodology  for  determining  the  provision  for  (recapture  of)  loan 
losses.  On a quarterly basis the Company performs an analysis that considers pertinent factors underlying the quality of the loan 
portfolio.  These factors include changes in the amount and composition of the loan portfolio, historic loss experience for various 
loan segments, changes in economic conditions, delinquency rates, a detailed analysis of impaired loans, and other factors to 
determine an appropriate level of allowance for loan losses.  Impaired loans are subject to an impairment analysis to determine 
an appropriate reserve or write-down to be applied against each loan.  The aggregate principal impairment amount determined at 
September 30, 2016 was $776,000 compared to $1.01 million at September 30, 2015.

Based  on  the  comprehensive  methodology,  management  believes  the  allowance  for  loan  losses  of  $9.83  million  at 
September 30, 2016 (1.46% of loans receivable and 326.7% of non-performing loans) was adequate to provide for probable losses 
based on an evaluation of known and inherent risks in the loan portfolio at that date.  While the Company believes it has established 
its existing allowance for loan losses in accordance with GAAP, there can be no assurance that bank regulators, in reviewing the 
Company's loan portfolio, will not request the Company to increase significantly its allowance for loan losses.  In addition, because 
future events affecting borrowers and collateral cannot be predicted with certainty, there can be no assurance that the existing 
allowance  for  loan  losses  is  adequate  or  that  substantial  increases  will  not  be  necessary  should  the  quality  of  any  loans 
deteriorate.  Any material increase in the allowance for loan losses would adversely affect the Company's financial condition and 
results of operations.  For additional information, see "Item 1. Business - Lending Activities -- Allowance for Loan Losses."

Non-interest Income: Total non-interest income increased by $1.37 million, or 14.4%, to $10.89 million for the year 
ended September 30, 2016 from $9.52  million for  the  year ended September 30,  2015.  This increase was  primarily  due to a 
$597,000 increase in ATM and debit card interchange transaction fees, a $354,000 increase in service charges on deposits, a 
$270,000 increase in servicing income on loans sold, a $171,000 increase in gain on sales of loans, and smaller increases in several 
other categories, which was partially offset by a $155,000 increase in OTTI on investment securities.  

The increase in ATM and debit card interchange transaction fees was primarily due to an increase in debit card transactions 
and the receipt of a one-time $262,000 incentive payment from the Company's debit card issuer for meeting certain sales and 
retention targets since the conversion to the new card issuer in 2014.  The increase in service charges on deposits was primarily 
due to an increase in the amount of service charges collected on checking accounts owned by businesses associated with the 
marijuana (or Initiative-502) industry in Washington State.  It is permissible in Washington State to handle accounts associated  
with this industry in compliance with federal regulatory guidelines.  The increase in servicing income on loans sold was primarily 
due to a decrease in the amortization of MSRs.  The increase in gain on sales of loans was primarily due to an increase in the dollar 
volume of fixed-rate one- to four-family loans and the sale of the guaranteed portion of SBA loans sold during the year.  The 
increase in OTTI expense was primarily due to the recognition of additional credit loss on three private label mortgage-backed 
securities.

Non-interest Expense:   Total non-interest expense increased by $796,000, or 3.1%, to $26.64 million for the year ended 
September 30, 2016 from $25.84 million for the year ended September 30, 2015.  This increase was primarily due to a $721,000 
increase in salaries and employee benefits expense, a $303,000 difference in the loss (gain) on sales/dispositions of premises and 
equipment, a $156,000 increase in ATM and debit card interchange transaction fees expense, and smaller increases in several other 
categories.  These increases were partially offset by a $256,000 decrease in OREO and other repossessed assets expense, a $172,000 
decrease in professional fees expense, and smaller decreases in several other categories.

The increase in salaries and employee benefits expense was primarily due to annual salary adjustments and the hiring of 
additional lending and operations personnel.  The difference in the loss (gain) on sales/dispositions of premises and equipment 
was primarily due to a $299,000 gain on the sale of excess land adjacent to the Company's Lacey branch during the year ended 
September 30, 2015.  The increase in ATM and debit card interchange transaction fees expense was primarily due to increased 
debit card transaction volume and the recognition of costs associated with the Company's upcoming conversion to EMV chip 
cards.  The decrease in OREO and other repossessed assets expense was primarily due to a decrease in the level of valuation write-
downs based on updated appraisals received on OREO properties.  The decrease in professional fees was primarily due to the 
recovery of expenses on several non-accrual loans that were paid off during the year ended September 30, 2016.

Provision for Federal Income Taxes: The provision for federal income taxes increased by $709,000, or 16.9% to $4.90 
million for the year ended September 30, 2016 from $4.19 million for the year ended September 30, 2015, primarily due to increased 
income before federal income taxes.  The Company's effective federal income tax rate was 32.6% for the year ended September 30, 
2016 compared to 33.6% for the year ended September 30, 2015.  For additional information on federal income taxes, see Note 
11 of the Consolidated Financial Statements contained in "Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data."

58

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Comparison of Operating Results for the Years Ended September 30, 2015 and 2014 

Net income for the year ended September 30, 2015 increased by $2.44 million, or 41.7%, to $8.29 million from $5.85 
million for the year ended September 30, 2014.  Net income to common shareholders increased $2.65 million, or 46.9%, to $8.29 
million for the year ended September 30, 2015 from $5.64 million for the year ended September 30, 2014.  Net income per diluted 
common  share  increased  $0.37,  or  46.3%,  to  $1.17  for  the  year  ended  September 30,  2015  from  $0.80  for  the  year  ended 
September 30, 2014.  The increase in net income was primarily due to a recapture of loan losses, and increases in net interest 
income and non-interest income, which was partially offset by an increase in the provision for federal income taxes.  

For the year ended September 30, 2014, net income to common shareholders was net of a dividend accrual and discount 
accretion related to the Series A Preferred Stock of $206,000, or approximately $0.03 per diluted common share.  These preferred 
stock adjustments were not required in the year ended September 30, 2015 due to the redemption of the outstanding Series A 
Preferred Stock in December 2013. 

A more detailed explanation of the income statement categories is presented below.

Net Interest Income:  Net interest income increased by $1.36 million, or 5.2%, to $27.28 million for the year ended 
September 30, 2015 from $25.92 million for the year ended September 30, 2014.  The increase in net interest income was due to 
an increase in interest income, and to a much lesser extent, a decrease in interest expense. 

Total interest and dividend income increased by $1.31 million, or 4.4%, to $31.17 million for the year ended September 30, 
2015 from $29.86 million for the year ended September 30, 2014, primarily due to a $42.40 million increase in the average balance 
of total interest-bearing assets to $717.88 million from $675.48 million, which was partially offset by a decrease in the average 
yield on interest-bearing assets to 4.34% from 4.42%.  Also contributing to the increase in interest and dividend income was the 
collection of $284,000 of non-accrual interest during the year ended September 30, 2015.

Total interest expense decreased by $49,000 to $3.89 million, or 1.2%, for the year ended September 30, 2015 from $3.94 
million for the year ended September 30, 2014, primarily due to a decrease in the average rate paid on interest-bearing liabilities 
to 0.68% from 0.71%.  Partially offsetting the decrease in interest expense attributable to a reduction on the average rate, was  a 
$14.43 million increase in the average balance of interest-bearing liabilities to $567.89 million for the year ended September 30, 
2015 from $553.47 million for the year ended September 30, 2014.     

The net interest margin decreased four basis points to 3.80% for the year ended September 30, 2015 from 3.84% for the 
year ended September 30, 2014, as the yield on interest-bearing assets decreased at a greater rate than the rate paid on interest-
bearing liabilities decreased. 

Provision  for  (Recapture  of)  Loan  Losses: There  was  a  $1.53  million  recapture  of  loan  losses  for  the  year  ended 
September 30, 2015 compared to no provision for or (recapture of) loan losses for the year ended September 30, 2014.  There 
were net recoveries of $1.02 million for the year ended September 30, 2015 compared to net charge-offs of $709,000 for the year 
ended September 30, 2014.  The net charge-offs (recoveries) to average outstanding loans ratio was (0.17)% for the year ended 
September 30, 2015 and 0.12% for the year ended September 30, 2014.  The recapture of loan losses was primarily due to the 
level of net recoveries and improvements in other underlying credit quality metrics in the loan portfolio.  The level of delinquent 
loans (loans 30 or more days past due) decreased by $6.53 million, or 47.7%, to $7.17 million at September 30, 2015 from $13.70 
million at September 30, 2014 and the level of loans graded substandard decreased by $5.34 million, or 29.6%, to $12.72 million 
at September 30, 2015 from $18.06 million at September 30, 2014.  Non-accrual loans decreased $4.87 million, or 44.6%, to $6.04 
million at September 30, 2015 from $10.91 million at September 30, 2014.

Based  on  the  comprehensive  methodology,  management  deemed  the  allowance  for  loan  losses  of  $9.92  million  at 
September 30, 2015 (1.61% of loans receivable and loans held for sale and 160.3% of non-performing loans) was adequate to 
provide for probable losses based on an evaluation of known and inherent risks in the loan portfolio at that date. 

Non-interest Income: Total non-interest income increased by $992,000, or 11.6%, to $9.52 million for the year ended 
September 30, 2015 from $8.53 million for the year ended September 30, 2014.  This increase was primarily due to a $597,000 
increase in gain on sales of loans, a $238,000 increase in ATM and debit card interchange transaction fees, and smaller increases 
in several other categories, which was partially offset by a $123,000 decrease in service charges on deposits.  

The increase in gain on sale of loans was primarily due to an increase in the dollar volume of fixed-rate one- to four-
family loans sold during the year.  The increase in ATM and debit card interchange transaction fees was primarily a result of 

59

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
increased debit card transaction levels and improved interchange fee income pricing from the Company's debit card provider.  The 
decrease in service charges on deposit was primarily due to a decreased number of checking account overdrafts.

Non-interest Expense:   Total non-interest expense increased by $43,000, or 0.2%, to $25.84 million for the year ended 
September 30, 2015 from $25.80 million for the year ended September 30, 2014.  The increase was primarily attributable to a 
$317,000 increase in data processing and telecommunications expense, a $175,000 increase in premises and equipment expense, 
and smaller increases in several other expense categories.  These increases were partially offset by an $187,000 decrease in loan 
administration and foreclosure expense, a $289,000 increase on the gain on sale / disposition of premises and equipment, and 
smaller decreases in several other expense categories.

The increase in data processing and telecommunications expense was primarily due to upgrading data line capacity and 
higher data processing and internet banking costs based on usage and asset size.  The increase in premises and equipment expense 
was primarily due to increased depreciation expense from capitalized technology equipment implemented during the past two 
fiscal years, increased equipment maintenance expense and increased real estate taxes.  The decrease in loan administration and 
foreclosure expense was primarily due to a reduction in the number of loans in foreclosure.  The increase in the gain on sale/
disposition of premises and equipment was due primarily to a $299,000 gain on the sale of excess land adjacent to the Company's 
Lacey branch.  

Provision for Federal Income Taxes: The provision for federal income taxes increased by $1.39 million, or 49.7% to 
$4.19 million for the year ended September 30, 2015 from $2.80 million for the year ended September 30, 2014, primarily due to 
increased income before federal income taxes.  The Company's effective federal income tax rate was 33.6% for the year ended 
September 30, 2015 compared to 32.4% for the year ended September 30, 2014.

Average Balances, Interest and Average Yields/Cost

The earnings of the Company depend largely on the spread between the yield on interest-earning assets and the cost of 
interest-bearing liabilities, as well as the relative amount of the Company's interest-earning assets and interest- bearing liability 
portfolios.

60

 
 
 
 
 
 
The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, information regarding average balances of assets and liabilities as well as the total dollar amounts of interest 
income from average interest-earning assets and interest expense on average interest-bearing liabilities and average yields and costs.  Such yields and costs for the periods 
indicated are derived by dividing income or expense by the average daily balance of assets or liabilities, respectively, for the periods presented.

Interest-earning assets:

Loans receivable (1)(2)
Investment securities (2)
FHLB stock and mutual funds
Interest-bearing deposits 

Total interest-earning assets

Non-interest-earning assets

Total assets

Interest-bearing liabilities:

Savings accounts
Money market accounts
NOW accounts
Certificates of deposit
Long-term borrowings (3)

Total interest bearing liabilities

Non-interest bearing deposits
Other liabilities

Total liabilities

6
1

Shareholders' equity

Total liabilities and shareholders' equity

Net interest income
Interest rate spread
Net interest margin (4)
Ratio of average interest-earning assets to average interest-bearing  

liabilities

2016

Interest
and
Dividends

$

33,580
287
106
902
34,875

Year Ended September 30,
2015

Average
Balance

Interest
and
Dividends
(Dollars in thousands)

Yield/
Cost

Yield/
Cost

2014

Interest
and
Dividends

Yield/
Cost

Average
Balance

5.22% $ 596,750
6,964
3.52
5,396
2.85
108,773
0.65
717,883
4.39
58,270

$

30,397
249
31
491
31,168

5.09% $ 567,251
6,782
3.58
6,332
0.57
95,110
0.45
675,475
4.34
62,432

$

29,205
259
27
366
29,857

5.15%
3.82
0.44
0.38
4.42

  $ 776,153

  $ 737,907

63
327
456
1,195
2,031
4,072

0.05
0.31
0.24
0.79
4.52
0.67

$ 102,303
94,881
165,895
159,815
45,000
567,894
119,599
3,208
690,701

85,452
  $ 776,153

53
274
450
1,227
1,886
3,890

0.05
0.29
0.27
0.77
4.19
0.68

$

92,606
94,894
156,954
164,014
45,000
553,468
98,454
3,367
655,289

82,618
  $ 737,907

46
246
440
1,334
1,873
3,939

0.05
0.26
0.28
0.81
4.16
0.71

Average
Balance

$ 643,698
8,123
3,723
139,180
794,724
56,969

$ 851,693

$ 115,336
105,836
186,272
151,072
44,959
603,475
152,085
3,809
759,369

92,324
$ 851,693

  $

30,803

  $

27,278

  $

25,918

3.72%
3.88%

131.69%

3.66%
3.80%

126.41%

3.71%
3.84%

122.04%

_______________________________________________
(1) 

Does not include interest on loans on non-accrual status.  Includes loans held for sale and interest earned on loans held for sale.  Amortized net deferred loan fees, late fees, extension 
fees and prepayment penalties (year ended September 30, 2016 - $1,095; year ended September 30, 2015 - $798; and year ended September 30, 2014 - $739) are included with 
interest and dividends.
Average balances includes loans and investment securities on non-accrual status.
Includes FHLB borrowings with original maturities of one year or greater.  Includes a pre-payment penalty of $138 for the year ended September 30, 2016.
Net interest income divided by total average interest earning assets.

(2) 
(3) 
(4) 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Rate/Volume Analysis

The  following  table  sets  forth  the  effects  of  changing  rates  and  volumes  on  net  interest  income  on  the 
Company.  Information is provided with respect to the (i) effects on interest income attributable to changes in volume (changes 
in volume multiplied by prior rate), (ii) effects on interest income attributable to changes in rate (changes in rate multiplied by 
prior volume), and (iii) the net change (sum of the prior columns).  Changes in both rate and volume have been allocated to rate 
and volume variances based on the absolute values of each.

Year Ended September 30,
2016 Compared to Year
Ended September 30, 2015
Increase (Decrease)
Due to

Year Ended September 30,
2015 Compared to Year
Ended September 30, 2014
Increase (Decrease)
Due to

Rate

Volume

Net
Change

Rate

Volume

Net
Change

(Dollars in thousands)

$

747

$

2,436

$

3,183

$

1
74

251

37
1

160

38
75

411

73
(10)
4

68

$

1,119

$

—
—

57

1,192
(10)
4

125

1,073

2,634

3,707

135

1,176

1,311

4

20

(10)

—

144

158

915

6

33

16
(32)
1

24

10

53

6
(32)
145

182

$

2,610

$

3,525

$

2

28
(1)
(74)
13

5

—

11
(33)
—

7

28

10
(107)
13

(32)
167

$

(17)
1,193

$

(49)
1,360

Interest-earning assets:

Loans receivable (1)

Investment securities
FHLB stock and mutual funds

Interest-bearing deposits

Total net change in income on

interest-earning assets

Interest-bearing liabilities:

Savings accounts

Money market accounts

NOW accounts

Certificates of deposit

FHLB borrowings

Total net change in expense on
interest-bearing liabilities

Net change in net interest income

$

______________
(1) 

Excludes interest on loans on non-accrual status.  Includes loans held for sale and interest earned on loans held for 
sale.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

The Company's primary sources of funds are customer deposits, proceeds from principal and interest payments on loans, 
the sale of loans, maturing investment securities and FHLB borrowings.  While the maturities and the scheduled amortization of 
loans are a predictable source of funds, deposit flows and mortgage prepayments are greatly influenced by general interest rates, 
economic conditions and competition.

The Bank must maintain an adequate level of liquidity to ensure the availability of sufficient funds to fund loan originations 
and deposit withdrawals, to satisfy other financial commitments and to take advantage of investment opportunities.  The Bank 
generally maintains sufficient cash and short-term investments to meet short-term liquidity needs.  At September 30, 2016, the 
Bank's regulatory liquidity ratio (net cash, and short-term and marketable assets, as a percentage of net deposits and short-term 
liabilities) was 20.6%.  At September 30, 2016, the Bank maintained an uncommitted credit facility with the FHLB that provided 
for immediately available borrowings up to an aggregate amount equal to 35% of total assets, limited by available collateral.  The 
Bank had $235.4 million available for additional borrowings with the FHLB at September 30, 2016.  The Bank also has a LOC 
of up to $22.0 million with the FHLB for the purpose of collateralizing Washington State public deposits, all of which was available 
to be drawn upon at September 30, 2016.  The LOC amount reduces the Bank's available borrowings under the FHLB advance 
agreement.   The  Bank  maintains  a  short-term  borrowing  line  with  the  FRB  with  total  credit  based  on  eligible  collateral.  At 
September 30, 2016, the Bank had no outstanding balance on this borrowing line, under which $60.4 million was available for 
62

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
future borrowings.  The Bank also maintains a $10.0 million overnight borrowing line with PCBB.  At September 30, 2016, the 
Bank did not have an outstanding balance on this borrowing line.

Liquidity management is both a short and long-term responsibility of the Bank's management.  The Bank adjusts its 
investments in liquid assets based upon management's assessment of (i) expected loan demand, (ii) projected loan sales, (iii) 
expected deposit flows, and (iv) yields available on interest-bearing deposits.  Excess liquidity is invested generally in interest-
bearing overnight deposits, CDs held for investment and short-term government and agency obligations.  If the Bank requires 
funds beyond its ability to generate them internally, it has additional borrowing capacity with the FHLB, the FRB and PCBB. 

The Bank's primary investing activity is the origination of  loans.  During the years ended September 30, 2016, 2015 and 
2014, the Bank originated $267.4 million, $262.4 million and $184.9 million of loans, respectively.  At September 30, 2016, the 
Bank had loan commitments totaling $68.6 million and undisbursed loans in process totaling $48.6 million.  The Bank anticipates 
that it will have sufficient funds available to meet current loan commitments.  CDs that are scheduled to mature in less than one 
year from September 30, 2016 totaled $88.1 million.  Historically, the Bank has been able to retain a significant amount of its 
deposits as they mature.

The Bank’s liquidity is also affected by the volume of loans sold and loan principal payments.  During the years ended 
September 30, 2016, 2015 and 2014, the Bank sold $58.9 million, $57.5 million and $33.4 million in loans and loan participation 
interests, respectively.  During the years ended September 30, 2016, 2015 and 2014, the Bank received $155.4 million, $148.8 
million and $124.6 million in principal repayments, respectively. 

The Bank’s liquidity has been impacted by increases in deposit levels.  During the years ended September 30, 2016, 2015 

and 2014, deposits increased by $82.6 million, $63.8 million and $6.9 million, respectively.

Cash and cash equivalents, CDs held for investment and investment securities increased to $170.8 million at September 30, 

2016 from $150.2 million at September 30, 2015.

Timberland Bancorp is a separate legal entity from the Bank and must provide for its own liquidity and pay its own 
operating expenses.  Sources of capital and liquidity for Timberland Bancorp include principal and interest payments on the loan 
receivable from the Employee Stock Ownership Plan ("ESOP"), distributions from the Bank and the issuance of debt or equity 
securities. At September 30, 2016, Timberland Bancorp (on an unconsolidated basis) had liquid assets of $1.3 million.

Bank  holding  companies  and  federally-insured  state-chartered  banks  are  required  to  maintain  minimum  levels  of 
regulatory capital.  At September 30, 2016, Timberland Bancorp and the Bank were in compliance with all applicable capital 
requirements.   For  additional  details  see  Note  16  to  the  Consolidated  Financial  Statements  contained  in  “Item  8.  Financial 
Statements and Supplementary Data” and “Item 1. Business - Regulation of the Bank - Capital Requirements.”

Contractual obligations.  The following table presents, as of September 30, 2016, the Company’s significant fixed and 
determinable  contractual  obligations,  within  the  categories  described  below,  by  payment  date  or  contractual  maturity.  These 
contractual obligations, except for the operating lease obligations are included in the Consolidated Balance Sheet.  The payment 
amounts represent those amounts contractually due at September 30, 2016.

Contractual obligations

Long-term debt obligations

Operating lease obligations

Total contractual obligations

Effect of Inflation and Changing Prices

Less than
1 year

1 year
through
3 years

Payments due by period
After
3 years
through
 5 years
(Dollars in thousands)

After
5 years

Total

$

$

30,000

302

30,302

$

$

— $

598

598

$

— $

410

410

$

— $

30,000

—

1,310

— $

31,310

The consolidated financial statements and related financial data presented herein have been prepared in accordance with 
GAAP which require the measurement of financial position and operating results in terms of historical dollars, without considering 
the change in the relative purchasing power of money over time due to inflation.  The primary impact of inflation on the operation 

63

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
of the Company is reflected in increased operating costs.  Unlike most industrial companies, virtually all the assets and liabilities 
of a financial institution are monetary in nature.  As a result, interest rates generally have a more significant impact on a financial 
institution's performance than do general levels of inflation.  Interest rates do not necessarily move in the same direction or to the 
same extent as the prices of goods and services.

Item 7A.  Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

The information contained under “Item 7, Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of 

Operations - Market Risk and Asset and Liability Management” of this Form 10-K is incorporated herein by reference.

Item 8.  Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

TIMBERLAND BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY

Index to Consolidated Financial Statements

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2016 and 2015
Consolidated Statements of Income for the Years Ended

September 30, 2016, 2015 and 2014

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the
Years Ended September 30, 2016, 2015 and 2014
Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity for the
Years Ended September 30, 2016, 2015 and 2014
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Years Ended

September 30, 2016, 2015 and 2014
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Page

65
66

68

70

71

73
75

64

 
 
 
 
5 0 3   6 9 7   4 1 1 8     —     D E L A P C P A . C O M     —     5 8 8 5   M E A D O W S   R O A D ,   N o .   2 0 0     —     L A K E   O S W E G O ,   O R   9 7 0 3 5  

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm                               

To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of  
Timberland Bancorp, Inc. 

We  have  audited  the  accompanying  consolidated  balance  sheets  of  Timberland  Bancorp,  Inc.  and  Subsidiary 
(collectively,  "the  Company")  as  of  September 30,  2016  and  2015,  and  the  related  consolidated  statements  of 
income,  comprehensive  income,  shareholders'  equity,  and  cash  flows  for  each  of  the  years  in  the  three-year 
period ended September 30, 2016.  The Company's management is responsible for these consolidated financial 
statements.  Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our 
audits. 

We conducted  our audits in accordance  with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board 
(United  States).    Those  standards  require  that  we  plan  and  perform  the  audit  to  obtain  reasonable  assurance 
about  whether  the  consolidated  financial  statements  are  free  of  material  misstatement.    An  audit  includes 
examining,  on  a  test  basis,  evidence  supporting  the  amounts  and  disclosures  in  the  consolidated  financial 
statements.  An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by 
management,  as  well  as  evaluating  the  overall  financial  statement  presentation.    We  believe  that  our  audits 
provide a reasonable basis for our opinion. 

In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the 
financial position of Timberland Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary as of September 30, 2016 and 2015, and the results 
of their operations and their cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended September 30, 2016, 
in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. 

We  have  also  audited,  in  accordance  with  the  standards  of  the  Public  Company  Accounting  Oversight  Board 
(United  States),  the  Company's  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  as  of  September  30,  2016,  based  on 
criteria  established  in  Internal  Control  –  Integrated  Framework  (2013)  issued  by  the  Committee  of  Sponsoring 
Organizations of the Treadway Commission, and our report dated  December 9, 2016, expressed an unqualified 
opinion thereon. 

Lake Oswego, Oregon 
December 9, 2016 

65

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated Balance Sheets

(Dollars in Thousands, Except Per Share Amounts)

Timberland Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary
September 30, 2016 and 2015 

Assets

Cash and cash equivalents:

Cash and due from financial institutions

Interest-bearing deposits in banks
Total cash and cash equivalents

Certificates of deposit (“CDs”) held for investment (at cost, which
     approximates fair value)

Investment securities held to maturity, at amortized cost (estimated fair value $8,395 and
$8,894)

Investment securities available for sale
Federal Home Loan Bank of Des Moines (“FHLB”) stock

Loans held for sale

Loans receivable, net of allowance for loans losses of $9,826 and $9,924
Premises and equipment, net
Other real estate owned (“OREO”) and other repossessed assets, net

Accrued interest receivable

Bank owned life insurance (“BOLI”)

Goodwill

Mortgage servicing rights (“MSRs”), net

Other assets

Total assets

Liabilities and shareholders’ equity

Liabilities

Deposits:

     Non-interest-bearing demand

     Interest-bearing
Total deposits

FHLB borrowings

Other liabilities and accrued expenses

Total liabilities

Commitments and contingencies (See Note 14)

See notes to consolidated financial statements

66

2016

2015

$

16,686

$

92,255

108,941

14,014

78,275

92,289

53,000

48,611

7,511

1,342
2,204

3,604

663,146
16,159
4,117

2,348

18,721

5,650

1,573

3,072

7,913

1,392
2,699

3,051

604,277
16,854
7,854

2,170

18,170

5,650

1,478

3,407

$

891,388

$

815,815

$

172,283

$

589,251
761,534

30,000

3,020
794,554

141,388

537,524
678,912

45,000

2,716
726,628

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated Balance Sheets (continued)

(Dollars in Thousands, Except Per Share Amounts)

Timberland Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary
September 30, 2016 and 2015 

Shareholders’ equity
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value; 1,000,000 shares authorized; none issued

2016

— $

2015
—

$

Common stock, $0.01 par value; 50,000,000 shares authorized;
   6,943,868 shares issued and outstanding - September 30, 2016
   6,988,848 shares issued and outstanding - September 30, 2015

Unearned shares issued to Employee Stock Ownership Plan (“ESOP”)

Retained earnings
Accumulated other comprehensive loss

Total shareholders’ equity

Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity

See notes to consolidated financial statements

9,961
(661)
87,709
(175)
96,834

10,293
(926)
80,133
(313)
89,187

$

891,388

$

815,815

67

 
Consolidated Statements of Income

(Dollars in Thousands, Except Per Share Amounts)

Timberland Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary
Years Ended September 30, 2016, 2015 and 2014 

Interest and dividend income

Loans receivable and loans held for sale
Investment securities
Dividends from mutual funds and FHLB stock
Interest-bearing deposits in banks and CDs
Total interest and dividend income

Interest expense

Deposits
FHLB borrowings
Total interest expense

Net interest income

Recapture of loan losses

2016

2015

2014

$

$

33,580
287
106
902
34,875

$

30,397
249
31
491
31,168

2,041
2,031
4,072

2,004
1,886
3,890

29,205
259
27
366
29,857

2,066
1,873
3,939

30,803

27,278

25,918

—

(1,525)

—

Net interest income after recapture of loan losses

30,803

28,803

25,918

Non-interest income

Recoveries (other than temporary impairment “OTTI”) 

on investment securities

Adjustment for portion of OTTI recorded as
   (transferred from) other comprehensive income (before income taxes)

Net recoveries (OTTI) on investment securities

Gain (loss) on sales of investment securities
Service charges on deposits
ATM and debit card interchange transaction fees
BOLI net earnings
Gain on sales of loans, net
Escrow fees
Servicing income (loss) on loans sold
Fee income from non-deposit investment sales
Other, net
Total non-interest income, net

(29)

(139)
(168)

—
3,969
3,261
551
1,781
214
266
111
904
10,889

—

(13)
(13)

45
3,615
2,664
538
1,610
206
(4)
41
820
9,522

7

52
59

(32)
3,738
2,426
530
1,013
158
(139)
68
709
8,530

 See notes to consolidated financial statements

68

 
Consolidated Statements of Income (continued)

(Dollars in Thousands, Except Per Share Amounts)

Timberland Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary
Years Ended September 30, 2016, 2015 and 2014 

2016

2015

2014

Non-interest expense

Salaries and employee benefits

Premises and equipment

Loss (gain) on sales/dispositions of premises and equipment, net

Advertising

OREO and other repossessed assets, net

ATM and debit card interchange transaction fees

Postage and courier

State and local taxes

Professional fees

Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation ("FDIC") insurance

Loan administration and foreclosure

Data processing and telecommunications

Deposit operations

Other
Total non-interest expense, net

$

13,921

$

13,200

$

3,130

7
753

662

1,377

413

572

657

448
321

1,896

912

1,568
26,637

3,053

(296)
779

918

1,221

429

561

829

593
269

1,767

812

1,706
25,841

Income before federal income taxes

15,055

12,484

Provision for federal income taxes

     Net income

Preferred stock dividends
Preferred stock discount accretion
Net income to common shareholders

Net income per common share

Basic

Diluted

4,901
10,154

—
—
10,154

1.48

1.43

$

$

$

$

$

$

4,192
8,292

—
—
8,292

1.20

1.17

$

$

$

13,294

2,878

(7)
742

1,010

1,096

446

479

792

636
456

1,450

759

1,767
25,798

8,650

2,800
5,850

(136)
(70)
5,644

0.82

0.80

See notes to consolidated financial statements

69

 
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income 

(Dollars in Thousands)

Timberland Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary
Years Ended September 30, 2016, 2015 and 2014

Comprehensive income

Net income

Unrealized holding gain (loss) on investment securities available for

sale, net of income taxes of $0, ($2), and ($32), respectively

Reclassification adjustment for gain on sale of investment securities

available for sale included in net income, net of income taxes of $0,
( $15) and $0, respectively

Change in OTTI on investment securities held to maturity, net of income

taxes:

Adjustments related to other factors for which OTTI was previously
recognized, net of income taxes of $7, $7, and $7, respectively

Amount reclassified to credit loss for previously recorded

market loss, net of income taxes of $49, $4, and $11, respectively

Accretion of OTTI on investment securities held to maturity, net of

income taxes of $18, $20, and $27, respectively

Total other comprehensive income, net of income taxes

Total comprehensive income

2016

2015

2014

$

10,154

$

8,292

$

5,850

1

—

12

90

35

$

$

138

10,292

$

$

(4)

(30)

13

9

38

26

8,318

$

$

(63)

—

13

21

52

23

5,873

See notes to consolidated financial statements

70

 
Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity

(Dollars in Thousands, Except Per Share Amounts)

Timberland Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary
Years Ended September 30, 2016, 2015 and 2014 

Balance, September 30, 2013

12,065

7,045,036

$

11,936

$

10,570

$

(1,454) $

68,998

$

(362) $

89,688

Number of Shares

Amount

Preferred
Stock

Common
Stock

Preferred
Stock

Common
Stock

Unearned
 Shares 
Issued to
ESOP

Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Loss

Retained
Earnings

Total

Net income

Other comprehensive income

Accretion of preferred stock discount

Redemption of preferred stock

Exercise of stock options

Forfeiture of MRDP (1) shares

5% preferred stock dividends

Common stock dividends ($0.16 per common share)

7
1

Earned ESOP shares, net of income taxes

MRDP compensation expense, net of income taxes

Stock option compensation expense

Balance, September 30, 2014

Net income

Other comprehensive income

Repurchase of common stock

Exercise of stock options

Common stock dividends ($0.24 per common share)

Earned ESOP shares, net of income taxes

Stock option compensation expense

Balance, September 30, 2015

(1) 1998 Management Recognition and Development Plan (“MRDP”).
See notes to consolidated financial statements

—

—

—

(12,065)

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

5,000

(2,700)

—

—

—

—

—

7,047,336

—

—

(64,788)

6,300

—

—

—

6,988,848

—

—

70

(12,006)

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

23

—

—

—

64

4

112

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

264

—

—

5,850

—

(70)

(59)

—

—

(58)

(1,127)

—

—

—

—

23

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

5,850

23

—

(12,065)

23

—

(58)

(1,127)

328

4

112

10,773

(1,190)

73,534

(339)

82,778

—

—

(709)

30

—

72

127

—

—

—

—

—

264

—

8,292

—

—

—

(1,693)

—

—

—

26

—

—

—

—

—

8,292

26

(709)

30

(1,693)

336

127

10,293

(926)

80,133

(313)

89,187

 
 
 
Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity (continued)

(Dollars in Thousands, Except Per Share Amounts)

Timberland Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary
Years Ended September 30, 2016, 2015 and 2014

September 30, 2015

Net income

Other comprehensive income

Repurchase of common stock

Exercise of stock options

Common stock dividends ($0.37 per common share)

Earned ESOP shares, net of income taxes

7
2

Stock option compensation expense

Balance, September 30, 2016

See notes to consolidated financial statements

Number of Shares

Amount

Preferred
Stock

Common
Stock

Preferred
Stock

Common
Stock

Unearned
 Shares 
Issued to
ESOP

Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Loss

Retained
Earnings

Total

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

6,988,848

$

— $

10,293

$

(926) $

80,133

$

(313) $

89,187

—

—

(66,000)

21,020

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

(820)

159

—

139

190

—

—

—

—

—

265

—

10,154

—

—

—

(2,578)

—

—

—

138

—

—

—

—

—

10,154

138

(820)

159

(2,578)

404

190

6,943,868

$

— $

9,961

$

(661) $

87,709

$

(175) $

96,834

 
 
 
 
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(Dollars in Thousands)

Timberland Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary
Years Ended September 30, 2016, 2015 and 2014

Cash flows from operating activities

Net income
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash 
provided by operating activities:

Depreciation
Deferred federal income taxes
Amortization of core deposit intangible ("CDI")
Earned ESOP shares
MRDP compensation expense
Stock option compensation expense
Stock option tax effect less excess tax benefit
(Gain) loss on sales of investment securities
Net OTTI (recoveries) on investment securities
Gain on sales of OREO and other repossessed assets, net
Provision for OREO losses
Gain on sales of loans, net
Loss (gain) on sales/dispositions of premises and equipment, net
Recapture of loan losses
Loans originated for sale
Proceeds from sales of loans
Amortization of MSRs
BOLI net earnings
Increase in deferred loan origination fees
Net change in accrued interest receivable and other assets, and other

liabilities and accrued expenses
Net cash provided by operating activities

Cash flows from investing activities

Net increase in CDs held for investment

        Purchase of investment securities held to maturity

  Proceeds from maturities and prepayments of investment securities 

held to maturity

  Proceeds from maturities and prepayments of investment securities 

available for sale

        Proceeds from sales of investment securities available for sale

Purchase of FHLB stock
Proceeds from redemption of FHLB stock
Increase in loans receivable, net
Additions to premises and equipment
Capitalized improvements to OREO
Proceeds from sales of OREO and other repossessed assets
Proceeds from sales/dispositions of premises and equipment

Net cash used in investing activities

2016

2015

2014

$

10,154

$

8,292

$

5,850

1,328
283
—
265
—
153
12
—
168
(47)
435
(1,781)
7
—
(57,354)
58,582
555
(551)
36

(592)
11,653

1,356
196
3
264
—
125
1
(45)
13
(110)
644
(1,610)
(296)
(1,525)
(54,490)
53,948
841
(538)
447

36
7,552

1,244
451
116
264
2
104
4
32
(59)
(169)
605
(1,013)
(7)
—
(31,320)
33,345
969
(530)
36

(1,301)
8,623

(4,389)
—

(12,766)
(2,988)

(5,803)
(3,003)

489

509

583

53
—
(105)
600
(59,212)
(640)
(142)
3,798
—
(59,548)

242
1,219
—
2,547
(40,016)
(700)
(3)
2,377
465
(49,114)

355
856
—
206
(23,522)
(1,189)
(47)
7,065
37
(24,462)

See notes to consolidated financial statements

73

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (continued)

(Dollars in Thousands)

Timberland Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary
Years Ended September 30, 2016, 2015 and 2014

Cash flows from financing activities

Net increase in deposits

Repayment of FHLB borrowings

ESOP tax effect

MRDP compensation tax effect

       Proceeds from exercise of stock options

       Stock option excess tax benefit

Repurchase of preferred stock

Repurchase of common stock

Payment of dividends

Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities

Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents

Beginning of period
End of period

Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information

Income taxes paid

Interest paid

Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing activities

Loans transferred to OREO and other repossessed assets

Other comprehensive income related to investment securities

Loans originated to facilitate the sale of OREO

$

$

$

$

2016

2015

2014

82,622
(15,000)
139

—

159

25

—
(820)
(2,578)
64,547

$

63,796

$

6,854

—

72

—

30

1

—
(709)
(1,693)
61,497

—

64

2

23

4
(12,065)
—
(1,185)
(6,303)

16,652

19,935

(22,142)

92,289
108,941

$

72,354
92,289

$

94,496
72,354

4,412

$

3,663

$

3,976

3,899

307

138

—

$

2,120

$

26

450

2,888

3,961

6,108

23

1,282

See notes to consolidated financial statements

74

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements                                                                      ___________________________

Timberland Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary
September 30, 2016 and 2015

Note 1 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Timberland Bancorp, Inc. (“Timberland 
Bancorp”); its wholly owned subsidiary, Timberland Bank (the “Bank”); and the Bank’s wholly owned subsidiary, Timberland 
Service Corp. (collectively,  the "Company”).  All significant intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in 
consolidation.

Nature of Operations

Timberland Bancorp is a bank holding company which operates primarily through its subsidiary, the Bank.  The Bank was 
established in 1915 and, through its 22 branches located in Grays Harbor, Pierce, Thurston, Kitsap, King and Lewis counties in 
Washington State, attracts deposits from the general public, and uses those funds, along with other borrowings, primarily to 
provide residential real estate, construction, commercial real estate, commercial business and consumer loans to borrowers 
primarily in western Washington.

Consolidated Financial Statement Presentation

The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the 
United States of America ("U.S.") (“GAAP”) and prevailing practices within the banking industry.  The preparation of 
consolidated financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of 
assets and liabilities, and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities, as of the date of the consolidated balance sheets, and 
the reported amounts of income and expenses during the reporting period.  Actual results could differ from those estimates. 
Material estimates that are particularly susceptible to significant change in the near term relate to the determination of the 
allowance for loan losses, the determination of OTTI in the estimated fair value of investment securities, the valuation of 
deferred tax assets, the valuation of MSRs, the valuation of OREO and the valuation of goodwill for potential impairment.

Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to the 2016 fiscal year presentation with no change to previously 
reported net income or shareholders’ equity.

Segment Reporting

The Company has one reportable operating segment which is defined as community banking in western Washington under the 
operating name “Timberland Bank.”

Preferred Stock Sold in Troubled Asset Relief Program ("TARP") Capital Purchase Program ("CPP")

On December 23, 2008, the Company received $16.64 million from the U.S. Treasury Department ("Treasury") as a part of the 
Treasury's CPP, which was established as part of the TARP.  The Company sold 16,641 shares of Fixed Rate Cumulative 
Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series A ("Series A Preferred Stock"), with a liquidation value of $1,000 per share and a related 
warrant to purchase 370,899 shares of the Company's common stock at an exercise price of $6.73 per share (subject to anti-
dilution adjustments) at any time through December 23, 2018. 

The proceeds received in connection with the issuance of the Series A Preferred Stock were allocated between the preferred 
stock and warrant based on their relative fair values on the date of issuance.  As a result, the preferred stock's initial recorded 
value was at a discount from the liquidation value or stated value.  The discount from the liquidation value was accreted to the 
expected/actual redemption date and charged to retained earnings.  This accretion was recorded using the level-yield method.  

On November 13, 2012, the Company’s outstanding 16,641 shares of Series A Preferred Stock were sold by the Treasury as part 
of its efforts to manage and recover its investments under the TARP.  While the sale of the Series A Preferred Stock to new 
owners did not result in any proceeds to the Company and did not change the Company’s capital position or accounting for 
these securities, it did eliminate restrictions put in place by the Treasury on TARP recipients.  

75

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements                                                                      ___________________________

Timberland Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary
September 30, 2016 and 2015

On June 12, 2013, the Treasury sold the warrant to purchase up to 370,899 shares of the Company’s common stock to private 
investors.  The sale of the warrant to new owners did not result in any proceeds to the Company and did not change the 
Company's capital position or accounting for the warrant.

During the year ended September 30, 2013, the Company purchased and retired 4,576 shares of its Series A Preferred Stock for 
$4.32 million; a $255,000 discount from its liquidation value.  The discount from liquidation value on the repurchased shares 
was recorded as an increase to retained earnings.  On December 20, 2013, the Company redeemed the remaining 12,065 shares 
of its Series A Preferred Stock at the liquidation value of $12.07 million.  The Series A Preferred Stock paid a 5.0% dividend 
through December 20, 2013, the date of its redemption.

Cash and Cash Equivalents and Cash Flows

The Company considers amounts included in the consolidated balance sheets’ captions “Cash and due from financial 
institutions” and “Interest-bearing deposits in banks,” all of which mature within ninety days, to be cash equivalents for 
purposes of reporting cash flows.  Cash flows from loans, deposits, FHLB borrowings and repurchase agreements are reported 
net in the accompanying consolidated statements of cash flows.

Interest-bearing deposits in banks as of September 30, 2016 and 2015 included deposits with the Federal Reserve Bank of San 
Francisco ("FRB") of $88,420,000 and $70,975,000, respectively.  The Company also maintains balances in correspondent 
bank accounts which, at times, may exceed FDIC insurance limits of $250,000.  Management believes that its risk of loss 
associated with such balances is minimal due to the financial strength of the FRB and the correspondent banks.

CDs Held for Investment

CDs held for investment include amounts invested with other FDIC-insured financial institutions for a stated interest rate and 
with a fixed maturity date.  Such CDs generally have a maturity of 12 to 24 months from the date of purchase by the Company.  
Early withdrawal penalties may apply; however, the Company intends to hold these CDs to maturity.  The Company generally 
limits its purchases of CDs to a maximum of $250,000 (the FDIC insurance coverage limit) with any single financial institution.

Investment Securities 

Investment securities are classified upon acquisition as either held to maturity or available for sale.  Investment securities that 
the Company has the positive intent and ability to hold to maturity are classified as held to maturity and reflected at amortized 
cost.  Investment securities classified as available for sale are reflected at fair value, with unrealized gains and losses excluded 
from earnings and reported in other comprehensive income (loss), net of income tax effects.  Premiums and discounts are 
amortized to earnings using the interest method over the contractual lives of the securities.  Gains and losses on sales of 
investment securities are recognized on the trade date and determined using the specific identification method.

In estimating whether there are any OTTI losses, management considers (1) the length of time and the extent to which the fair 
value has been less than amortized cost, (2) the financial condition and near term prospects of the issuer, (3) the impact of 
changes in market interest rates and (4) the intent and ability of the Company to retain its investment for a period of time 
sufficient to allow for any anticipated recovery in fair value.

Declines in the fair value of individual investment securities available for sale that are deemed to be other than temporary are 
reflected in earnings when identified.  The fair value of the investment security then becomes the new cost basis.  For individual 
investment securities that are held to maturity which the Company does not intend to sell, and it is not more likely than not that 
the Company will be required to sell before recovery of its amortized cost basis, the other than temporary decline in the fair 
value of the investment security related to: (1) credit loss is recognized in earnings and (2) market or other factors is recognized 
in other comprehensive income (loss).  Credit loss is recorded if the present value of expected future cash flows is less than the 
amortized cost.  For individual investment securities which the Company intends to sell or more likely than not will not recover 
all of its amortized cost, the OTTI is recognized in earnings equal to the entire difference between the investment security’s cost 
basis and its fair value at the consolidated balance sheet date.  For individual investment securities for which credit loss has 
been recognized in earnings, interest accruals and amortization and accretion of premiums and discounts are suspended when 
the credit loss is recognized.  Interest received after accruals have been suspended is recognized on a cash basis.

76

 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements                                                                      ___________________________

Timberland Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary
September 30, 2016 and 2015

FHLB Stock

The Bank, as a member of the FHLB, is required to maintain an investment in capital stock of the FHLB in an amount equal to 
0.12% of the Bank's total assets plus 4.00% of borrowings from the FHLB.  No ready market exists for this stock, and it has no 
quoted market value. However, redemption of FHLB stock has historically been at par value.  The Company's investment in 
FHLB stock is carried at cost, which approximates fair value.

The Company evaluates its FHLB stock for impairment as needed.  The Company's determination of whether this investment is 
impaired is based on its assessment of the ultimate recoverability of cost rather than by recognizing temporary declines in 
value.  The determination of whether a decline affects the ultimate recoverability of cost is influenced by criteria such as (1) the 
significance of any decline in net assets of the FHLB as compared with the capital stock amount and the length of time any 
decline has persisted; (2) commitments by the FHLB to make payments required by law or regulation and the level of such 
payments in relation to the operating performance of the FHLB; (3) the impact of legislative and regulatory changes on 
institutions and, accordingly, the customer base of the FHLB; and (4) the liquidity position of the FHLB.  Based on its 
evaluation, the Company determined that there was no impairment of FHLB stock at September 30, 2016 and 2015.

Loans Held for Sale

Mortgage loans and commercial business loans originated and intended for sale in the secondary market are stated in the 
aggregate at the lower of cost or estimated fair value.  Net unrealized losses, if any, are recognized through a valuation 
allowance by charges to income.  Gains or losses on sales of loans are recognized at the time of sale.  The gain or loss is the 
difference between the net sales proceeds and the recorded value of the loans, including any remaining unamortized deferred 
loan origination fees.

Loans Receivable

Loans are stated at the amount of unpaid principal, reduced by the undisbursed portion of construction loans in process, 
deferred loan origination fees and the allowance for loan losses.

Interest on loans is accrued daily based on the principal amount outstanding.  Generally, the accrual of interest on loans is 
discontinued when, in management’s opinion, the borrower may be unable to make payments as they become due or when they 
are past due 90 days as to either principal or interest (based on contractual terms), unless the loan is well secured and in the 
process of collection.  In determining whether a borrower may be able to make payments as they become due, management 
considers circumstances such as the financial strength of the borrower, the estimated collateral value, reasons for the delays in 
payments, payment record, the amounts past due and the number of days past due.  All interest accrued but not collected for 
loans that are placed on non-accrual status or charged off is reversed against interest income.  Subsequent collections on a cash 
basis are applied proportionately to past due principal and interest, unless collectability of principal is in doubt, in which case 
all payments are applied to principal.  Loans are returned to accrual status when the loan is deemed current, and the 
collectability of principal and interest is no longer doubtful, or, in the case of one- to four-family loans, when the loan is less 
than 90 days delinquent. The categories of non-accrual loans and impaired loans overlap, although they are not identical.  

The Company charges fees for originating loans.  These fees, net of certain loan origination costs, are deferred and amortized to 
income on the level-yield basis over the loan term.  If the loan is repaid prior to maturity, the remaining unamortized deferred 
loan origination fee is recognized in income at the time of repayment.

Troubled Debt Restructured Loans

A troubled debt restructured loan ("TDR") is a loan for which the Company, for reasons related to a borrower’s financial 
difficulties, grants a significant concession to the borrower that the Company would not otherwise consider.  Examples of such 
concessions include, but are not limited to: a reduction in the stated interest rate; an extension of the maturity at an interest rate 
below current market rates; a reduction in the face amount of the debt; a reduction in the accrued interest; or re-amortizations, 
extensions, deferrals and renewals. Troubled debt restructured loans are considered impaired and are individually evaluated for 
impairment.  Troubled debt restructured loans are classified as non-accrual (and considered to be non-performing) unless they 
have been performing in accordance with modified terms for a period of at least six months.

77

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements                                                                      ___________________________

Timberland Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary
September 30, 2016 and 2015

Allowance for Loan Losses

The allowance for loan losses is maintained at a level sufficient to provide for probable losses inherent in the loan 
portfolio.  The allowance is provided based upon management's comprehensive analysis of the pertinent factors underlying the 
quality of the loan portfolio.  These factors include changes in the amount and composition of the loan portfolio, delinquency 
levels, actual loan loss experience, current economic conditions, and a detailed analysis of individual loans for which full 
collectability may not be assured.  The detailed analysis includes methods to estimate the fair value of loan collateral and the 
existence of potential alternative sources of repayment.  The allowance consists of specific and general components.  The 
specific component relates to loans that are deemed impaired.  For such loans that are classified as impaired, an allowance is 
established when the discounted cash flows, collateral value less selling costs (if applicable), or observable market price of the 
impaired loan is lower than the recorded value of that loan.  The general component covers non-classified loans and classified 
loans that are not evaluated individually for impairment and is based on historical loss experience adjusted for qualitative 
factors.  The Company's historical loss experience is determined by evaluating the average net charge-offs over the most recent 
economic cycle, but not to exceed six years.  Qualitative factors are determined by loan type and allow management to adjust 
reserve levels to reflect the current general economic environment and portfolio performance trends including recent charge-off 
trends.  Allowances are provided based on management’s continuing evaluation of the pertinent factors underlying the quality 
of the loan portfolio, including changes in the size and composition of the loan portfolio, actual loan loss experience, current 
economic conditions, collateral values, geographic concentrations, seasoning of the loan portfolio, specific industry conditions, 
the duration of the current business cycle, and regulatory requirements and expectations.  The appropriateness of the allowance 
for loan losses is estimated based upon these factors and trends identified by management at the time consolidated financial 
statements are prepared.

In accordance with GAAP, a loan is considered impaired when it is probable that a creditor will be unable to collect all amounts 
(principal and interest) when due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Smaller balance homogeneous 
loans, such as residential mortgage loans and consumer loans, may be collectively evaluated for impairment. When a loan has 
been identified as being impaired, the amount of the impairment is measured by using discounted cash flows, except when, as 
an alternative, the current estimated fair value of the collateral, reduced by estimated costs to sell (if applicable), or observable 
market price is used. The valuation of real estate collateral is subjective in nature and may be adjusted in future periods because 
of changes in economic conditions.  Management considers third-party appraisals, as well as independent fair market value 
assessments from realtors or persons involved in selling real estate, in determining the estimated fair value of particular 
properties.  In addition, as certain of these third-party appraisals and independent fair market value assessments are only 
updated periodically, changes in the values of specific properties may have occurred subsequent to the most recent 
appraisals.  Accordingly, the amounts of any such potential changes and any related adjustments are generally recorded at the 
time such information is received. When the measurement of the impaired loan is less than the recorded investment in the loan 
(including accrued interest and net deferred loan origination fees or costs), impairment is recognized by creating or adjusting an 
allocation of the allowance for loan losses and uncollected accrued interest is reversed against interest income. If ultimate 
collection of principal is in doubt, all cash receipts on impaired loans are applied to reduce the principal balance.

A provision for (recapture of) loan losses is charged (credited) to operations and is added to (deducted from) the allowance for 
loan losses based on a quarterly comprehensive analysis of the loan portfolio. The allowance for loan losses is allocated to 
certain loan categories based on the relative risk characteristics, asset classifications and actual loss experience of the loan 
portfolio.  While management has allocated the allowance for loan losses to various loan portfolio segments, the allowance is 
general in nature and is available for the loan portfolio in its entirety.

The ultimate recovery of all loans is susceptible to future market factors beyond the Company’s control. These factors may 
result in losses or recoveries differing significantly from those provided in the consolidated financial statements. If real estate 
values decline and as updated appraisals are received on collateral for impaired loans, the Company may need to increase the 
allowance for loan losses appropriately. In addition, regulatory agencies, as an integral part of their examination process, 
periodically review the Company’s allowance for loan losses, and may require the Company to make additions to the allowance 
based on their judgment about information available to them at the time of their examinations.

Premises and Equipment

Premises and equipment are recorded at cost.  Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the following 
estimated useful lives:  buildings and improvements - five to 40 years; furniture and equipment - three to seven years; and 

78

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements                                                                      ___________________________

Timberland Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary
September 30, 2016 and 2015

automobiles - five years.  The cost of maintenance and repairs is charged to expense as incurred.  Gains and losses on 
dispositions are reflected in earnings.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

Long-lived assets, consisting of premises and equipment, are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in 
circumstances indicate that the recorded amount of an asset may not be recoverable.  Recoverability of assets to be held and 
used is measured by a comparison of the recorded amount of an asset to future net cash flows expected to be generated by the 
asset.  If such assets are considered to be impaired, the impairment to be recognized is measured by the amount by which the 
recorded amount of the assets exceeds the discounted recovery amount or estimated fair value of the assets.  No events or 
changes in circumstances have occurred during the years ended September 30, 2016 or 2015 that would cause management to 
evaluate the recoverability of the Company’s long-lived assets.

OREO and Other Repossessed Assets

OREO and other repossessed assets consist of properties or assets acquired through or in lieu of foreclosure, and are recorded 
initially at the estimated fair value of the properties less estimated costs of disposal, establishing a new cost basis.  These assets 
are subsequently accounted for at lower of cost or fair value less estimated costs to sell. When the property is acquired, any 
excess of the loan balance over the estimated net realizable value is charged to the allowance for loan losses. Costs relating to 
development and improvement of the properties or assets are capitalized, while costs relating to holding the properties or assets 
are expensed.  The valuation of real estate is subjective in nature and may be adjusted in future periods because of changes in 
economic conditions.  Management considers third-party appraisals, as well as independent fair market value assessments from 
realtors or persons involved in selling real estate, in determining the estimated fair value of particular properties.  In addition, as 
certain of these third-party appraisals and independent fair market value assessments are only updated periodically, changes in 
the values of specific properties may have occurred subsequent to the most recent appraisals.  Accordingly, the amounts of any 
such potential changes and any related adjustments are generally recorded at the time such information is received.

BOLI

BOLI policies are recorded at their cash surrender value less applicable cash surrender charges.  Income from BOLI is 
recognized when earned.

Goodwill

Goodwill is initially recorded when the purchase price paid for an acquisition exceeds the estimated fair value of the net 
identified tangible and intangible assets acquired.  Goodwill is presumed to have an indefinite useful life and is analyzed 
annually for impairment.  The Company performs an annual review during the third quarter of each fiscal year, or more 
frequently if indicators of potential impairment exist, to determine if the recorded goodwill is impaired.

The goodwill impairment test involves a two-step process.  Step one estimates the fair value of the reporting unit.  If the 
estimated fair value of the Company's sole reporting unit, the Bank, under step one exceeds the recorded value of the reporting 
unit, goodwill is not considered impaired, and no further analysis is necessary.  If the estimated fair value of the Company's sole 
reporting unit is less than the recorded value, then a step two test, which calculates the fair value of assets and liabilities to 
calculate an implied value of goodwill, is performed. 

The Company performed its fiscal year 2016 goodwill impairment test during the quarter ended June 30, 2016 with the 
assistance of an independent third-party firm specializing in goodwill impairment valuations for financial institutions.  The 
third-party analysis was conducted as of May 31, 2016 and the step one test concluded that the reporting unit's fair value was 
greater than its recorded value, and, therefore, the recorded value of goodwill as of May 31, 2016 was not impaired.  
Accordingly, step two of the analysis was not necessary.

Step one of the goodwill impairment test estimated the fair value of the reporting unit utilizing a discounted cash flow income 
approach analysis, a public company market approach analysis, a merger and acquisition market approach analysis and a 
trading price market approach analysis in order to derive an enterprise value for the Company.

79

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements                                                                      ___________________________

Timberland Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary
September 30, 2016 and 2015

The discounted cash flow income approach analysis uses a reporting unit's projection of estimated operating results and cash 
flows and discounts them using a rate that reflects current market conditions.  The projection uses management's estimates of 
economic and market conditions over the projected period including growth rates in loans and deposits, estimates of future 
expected changes in net interest margins and cash expenditures.  Key assumptions used by the Company in its discounted cash 
flow model (income approach) included an annual loan growth rate that ranged from 3.00% to 3.90%, an annual deposit growth 
rate that ranged from 2.50% to 3.50% and a return on assets that ranged from 0.90% to 1.10%.  In addition to the above 
projections of estimated operating results, key assumptions used to determine the fair value estimate under this approach were 
the discount rate of 10.6% and the residual capitalization rate of 7.6%.  The discount rate used was the cost of equity capital.  
The cost of equity capital was based on the capital asset pricing model ("CAPM"), modified to account for a small stock 
premium.  The small stock premium represents the additional return required by investors for small stocks based on the Duffs 
and Phelps 2016 Valuation Handbook.  Beyond the approximate five-year forecast period, residual free cash flows were 
estimated to increase at a constant rate into perpetuity.  These cash flows were converted to a residual value using an 
appropriate residual capitalization rate.  The residual capitalization rate was equal to the discount rate minus the expected long-
term growth rate of cash flows.  Based on historical results, the economic climate, the outlook for the industry and 
management's expectations, a long-term growth rate of 3.0% was estimated.

The public company market approach analysis estimates the fair value by applying cash flow multiples to the reporting unit's 
operating performance.  The multiples are derived from comparable publicly traded companies with operating and investment 
characteristics similar to those of the Company.  Key assumptions used by the Company included the selection of comparable 
public companies and performance ratios.  In applying the public company analysis, the Company selected nine publicly traded 
institutions based on similar lines of business, markets, growth prospects, risks and firm size.  The performance ratios included 
price to earnings (last twelve months), price to earnings (current year to date), price to book value, price to tangible book value 
and price to deposits.

The merger and acquisition market approach analysis estimates the fair value by using merger and acquisition transactions 
involving companies that are similar in nature to the Company.  Key assumptions used by the Company included the selection 
of comparable merger and acquisition transactions and valuation ratios to be used.  The analysis used banks located in 
Washington or Oregon that were acquired after January 1, 2013.  The valuation ratios from these transactions for price to 
earnings and price to tangible book value were then used to derive an estimated fair value of the Company.

The trading price market approach analysis used the closing market price at May 31, 2016 of the Company's common stock, 
traded on the NASDAQ Global Market, to determine the market value of total equity capital.

A key assumption used by the Company in the public company market approach analysis and the trading price market approach 
analysis was the application of a control premium.  The Company's common stock is thinly traded, and therefore management 
believes the trading price reflects a discount for illiquidity.  In addition, the trading price of the Company's common stock 
reflects a minority interest value.  To determine the fair market value of a majority interest in the Company's stock, premiums 
were calculated and applied to the indicated values.  Therefore, a control premium was applied to the results of the discounted 
cash flow income approach analysis, the public company market approach analysis and the trading price market approach 
analysis because the initial value conclusion was based on minority interest transactions.  Merger and acquisition studies were 
analyzed to conclude that the difference between the acquisition price and a company's stock price prior to acquisition indicates, 
in part, the price effect of a controlling interest.  Based on the evaluation of merger and acquisition studies, a control premium 
of 25% was used.

A significant amount of judgment is involved in determining if an indicator of goodwill impairment has occurred.  Such 
indicators may include, among others: a significant decline in the expected future cash flows; a sustained, significant decline in 
the Company's stock price and market capitalization; a significant adverse change in legal factors or in the business climate; 
adverse assessment or action by a regulator; and unanticipated competition.  Key assumptions used in the annual goodwill 
impairment test are highly judgmental and include: selection of comparable companies, amount of control premium, projected 
cash flows and discount rate applied to projected cash flows.  Any change in these indicators or key assumptions could have a 
significant negative impact on the Company's financial condition, impact the goodwill impairment analysis or cause the 
Company to perform a goodwill impairment analysis more frequently than once per year.

As of September 30, 2016, management believes that there had been no events or changes in the circumstances since May 31, 
2016 that would indicate a potential impairment of goodwill.  No assurances can be given, however, that the Company will not 
record an impairment loss on goodwill in the future. 

80

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements                                                                      ___________________________

Timberland Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary
September 30, 2016 and 2015

MSRs

The Company holds rights to service 1) loans that it has originated and sold to the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation 
(“Freddie Mac”) and 2) the guaranteed portion of U.S. Small Business Administration ("SBA") loans sold in the secondary 
market.  MSRs are capitalized at estimated fair value when acquired through the origination of loans that are subsequently sold 
with the servicing rights retained and are amortized to servicing income on loans sold approximately in proportion to and over 
the period of estimated net servicing income.  The value of MSRs at the date of the sale of loans is estimated based on the 
discounted present value of expected future cash flows using key assumptions for servicing income and costs and expected 
prepayment rates on the underlying loans.  The estimated fair value is periodically evaluated for impairment by comparing 
actual cash flows and estimated future cash flows from the servicing assets to those estimated at the time the servicing assets 
were originated.  Fair values are estimated using expected future discounted cash flows based on current market rates of 
interest.  For purposes of measuring impairment, the MSRs must be stratified by one or more predominant risk characteristics 
of the underlying loans.  The Company stratifies its capitalized MSRs based on product type and term of the underlying 
loans.  The amount of impairment recognized is the amount, if any, by which the amortized cost of the MSRs exceeds their fair 
value.  Impairment, if deemed temporary, is recognized through a valuation allowance to the extent that fair value is less than 
the recorded amount.

Transfers of Financial Assets

Transfers of financial assets are accounted for as sales when control over the assets has been surrendered.  Control over 
transferred assets is deemed to be surrendered when (1) the assets have been isolated from the Company, (2) the transferee 
obtains the right (free of conditions that constrain it from taking advantage of that right) to pledge or exchange the transferred 
assets, and (3) the Company does not maintain effective control over the transferred assets through an agreement to repurchase 
them before their maturity.

Income Taxes

The Company files a consolidated federal income tax return.  The Bank provides for income taxes separately and remits to 
(receives from) Timberland Bancorp amounts currently due (receivable).

Deferred federal income taxes result from temporary differences between the tax basis of assets and liabilities, and their 
reported amounts in the consolidated financial statements.  These temporary differences will result in differences between 
income for tax purposes and income for financial reporting purposes in future years.  As changes in tax laws or rates are 
enacted, deferred tax assets and liabilities are adjusted through the provision for income taxes.  Valuation allowances are 
established to reduce the net recorded amount of deferred tax assets if it is determined to be more likely than not that all or 
some portion of the potential deferred tax asset will not be realized.

With respect to accounting for uncertainty in incomes taxes, a tax provision is recognized as a benefit only if it is “more likely 
than not” that the tax position would be sustained in a tax examination, with a tax examination being presumed to occur.  The 
amount recognized is the largest amount of tax benefit that is greater than 50% likely to be realized upon examination.  For tax 
positions not meeting the “more likely than not” test, no tax benefit is recorded.  The Company recognizes interest and/or 
penalties related to income tax matters as income tax expense. The Company is no longer subject to U.S. federal income tax 
examination by tax authorities for years ended on or before September 30, 2012.

ESOP

The Bank sponsors a leveraged ESOP.  The debt of the ESOP - which is payable to Timberland Bancorp - is recorded as other 
borrowed funds of the Bank and is eliminated in the consolidated financial statements.  The shares of the Company's common 
stock pledged as collateral for the ESOP's debt are reported as unearned shares issued to the ESOP in the consolidated financial 
statements. As shares are released from collateral, compensation expense is recorded equal to the average market price of the 
shares for the period, and the shares become available for net income per common share calculations.   Dividends paid on 
unallocated shares reduce the Company’s cash contributions to the ESOP.

Advertising

Costs for advertising and marketing are expensed as incurred.

81

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements                                                                      ___________________________

Timberland Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary
September 30, 2016 and 2015

Stock-Based Compensation

The Company measures compensation cost for all stock-based awards based on the grant-date fair value of the stock-based 
awards and recognizes compensation cost over the service period of stock-based awards.  The fair value of stock options is 
determined using the Black-Scholes valuation model.  The Company’s stock compensation plans are described more fully in 
Note 13.

Net Income Per Common Share

Basic net income per common share is computed by dividing net income to common shareholders by the weighted average 
number of common shares outstanding during the period, without considering any dilutive items.  Diluted net income per 
common share is computed by dividing net income to common shareholders by the weighted average number of common 
shares and common stock equivalents for items that are dilutive, net of shares assumed to be repurchased using the treasury 
stock method at the average share price for Timberland Bancorp's common stock during the period.  During the year ended 
September 30, 2014, the 5% dividend and related accretion for the amount of the Company's Series A Preferred Stock 
outstanding was deducted from net income in computing net income to common shareholders.  Common stock equivalents arise 
from the assumed conversion of outstanding stock options and the outstanding warrant to purchase common stock.  Shares 
owned by the Bank’s ESOP that have not been allocated are not considered to be outstanding for the purpose of computing net 
income per common share.

Related Party Transactions

The Chairman of the Board of the Bank and Timberland Bancorp is a member of the law firm that provides general counsel to 
the Company.  Legal and other fees paid to this law firm for the years ended September 30, 2016, 2015 and 2014 totaled 
$127,000, $164,000 and $179,000, respectively.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") No. 2014-09, 
Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606).  The core principle of this ASU is that an entity recognizes revenue to 
depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity 
expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services.  In general, the new guidance requires companies to use more 
judgment and make more estimates than under current guidance, including identifying performance obligations in the contract 
and estimating the amount of variable consideration to include in the transaction price related to each separate performance 
obligation. This ASU is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within that 
reporting period.  The adoption of ASU No. 2014-09 is not expected to have a material impact on the Company's consolidated 
financial statements.

In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-01, Financial Instruments - Overall (Subtopic 825-10): Recognition and 
Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities.  The main provisions of this ASU address the valuation and 
impairment of certain equity investments along with simplified disclosures about those investments.  Equity securities with 
readily determinable fair values will be treated in the same manner as other financial instruments.  The amendments in this ASU 
are effective for annual periods, and interim periods within those annual periods, beginning after December 15, 2017.  The 
adoption of ASU No. 2016-01 is not expected to have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842).  This ASU is intended to increase transparency and 
comparability among organizations by requiring the recognition of lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet and 
disclosure of key information about leasing arrangements.  The principal change required by this ASU relates to lessee 
accounting, and is that for operating leases, a lessee is required to (1) recognize a right-of-use asset and a lease liability, initially 
measured at the present value of the lease payments, in the statement of financial position, (2) recognize a single lease cost, 
calculated so that the cost of the lease is allocated over the lease term on a generally straight-line basis, and (3) classify all cash 
payments within operating activities in the statement of cash flows.  For leases with a term of 12 months or less, a lessee is 
permitted to make an accounting policy election by class of underlying asset not to recognize lease assets and lease liabilities.  
If a lessee makes this election, it should recognize lease expense for such leases generally on a straight-line basis over the lease 
term.  This ASU also changes disclosure requirements related to leasing activities and requires certain qualitative disclosures 
along with specific quantitative disclosures.  The amendments in this ASU are effective for annual periods, and interim periods 

82

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements                                                                      ___________________________

Timberland Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary
September 30, 2016 and 2015

within those annual periods, beginning after December 15, 2018.  Early application of the amendments in this ASU is 
permitted.  The Company is currently evaluating the impact that the adoption of ASU No. 2016-02 will have on the Company's 
future consolidated financial statements.

In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-09, Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting.  This ASU 
includes provisions intended to simplify various aspects related to how share-based payments are accounted for and presented 
in the financial statements.  This ASU is effective for annual periods, and interim periods within those annual periods, 
beginning after December 15, 2016.  The Company is currently evaluating the impact that the adoption of ASU No. 2016-09 
will have on the Company's future consolidated financial statements.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses.  This ASU replaces the existing 
incurred losses methodology for estimating allowances with a current expected credit losses methodology with respect to most 
financial assets measured at amortized cost and certain other instruments, including trade and other receivables, loans, held to 
maturity investment securities and off-balance sheet commitments.  In addition, this ASU requires credit losses relating to 
available for sale debt securities to be recorded through an allowance for credit losses rather than a reduction of the carrying 
amount.  ASU No. 2016-13 also changes the accounting for purchased credit-impaired debt securities and loans.  The standard 
retains many of the current disclosure requirements in current GAAP and expands certain disclosure requirements.  This ASU is 
effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years.  The Company 
is currently evaluating the impact that the adoption of ASU No. 2016-13 will have on the Company’s future consolidated 
financial statements.

In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230), Classification of Certain Cash 
Receipts and Payments.   This ASU is intended to reduce diversity in practice in how certain transactions are presented and 
classified in the statement of cash flows.  This ASU is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, 
beginning after December 15, 2017.  The Company is currently evaluating the impact that the adoption of ASU No. 2016-15 
will have on the Company's future consolidated financial statements.

Note 2 - Restricted Assets

Federal Reserve Board regulations require that the Bank maintain certain minimum reserve balances on hand or on deposit with 
the FRB, based on a percentage of transaction account deposits.  The amounts of the reserve requirement balances as of 
September 30, 2016 and 2015 were $1,542,000 and $1,026,000, respectively.

83

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements                                                                      ___________________________

Timberland Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary
September 30, 2016 and 2015

Note 3 - Investment Securities

Held to maturity and available for sale investment securities were as follows as of September 30, 2016 and 2015 (dollars in 
thousands):

September 30, 2016
Held to Maturity

Mortgage-backed securities ("MBS"):

U.S. government agencies
Private label residential

U.S. Treasury and U.S. government agency securities

Total

Available for Sale

MBS: U.S. government agencies
Mutual funds

Total

September 30, 2015
Held to Maturity

MBS:

U.S. government agencies
Private label residential

U.S. Treasury and U.S. government agency securities

Total

Available for Sale

MBS: U.S. government agencies
Mutual funds

Total

Amortized
Cost

Gross
Unrealized
Gains

Gross
Unrealized
Losses

Estimated
Fair Value

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

670
835
6,006
7,511

336
1,000
1,336

828
1,081
6,004
7,913

387
1,000
1,387

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

18
762
107
887

30
—
30

23
894
77
994

34
—
34

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

(1) $
(2)
—
(3) $

— $
(24)
(24) $

(1) $
(12)
—
(13) $

— $
(29)
(29) $

687
1,595
6,113
8,395

366
976
1,342

850
1,963
6,081
8,894

421
971
1,392

Held to maturity and available for sale investment securities with unrealized losses were as follows as of September 30, 2016 
(dollars in thousands):

Less Than 12 Months

12 Months or Longer

Total

Estimated
 Fair
 Value

Gross
Unrealized
Losses

Qty

Estimated
 Fair
 Value

Gross
Unrealized
Losses

Estimated
 Fair
 Value

Gross
Unrealized
Losses

Qty

Held to Maturity

MBS:

U.S. government

agencies
Private label
residential

     Total

Available for Sale

Mutual funds

     Total

$

$

$
$

9

$

1
10

$

— $
— $

96

$

112
208

976
976

$

$
$

(1)

(2)
(3)

(24)
(24)

5

$

105

$

10
15

1
1

$

$
$

113
218

976
976

$

$
$

(1)

(2)
(3)

(24)
(24)

—

—
—

1

1
2

$

$

— — $
— — $

84

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements                                                                      ___________________________

Timberland Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary
September 30, 2016 and 2015

Held to maturity and available for sale investment securities with unrealized losses were as follows as of September 30, 2015 
(dollars in thousands):

Less Than 12 Months

12 Months or Longer

Total

Estimated
 Fair
 Value

Gross
Unrealized
Losses

Qty

Estimated
 Fair
 Value

Gross
Unrealized
Losses

Estimated
 Fair
 Value

Gross
Unrealized
Losses

Qty

Held to Maturity

MBS:

U.S. government agencies $

49

$

Private label residential

     Total

Available for Sale

MBS: U.S. government

agencies
Mutual funds

     Total

$

$

$

1
50

1
—
1

$

$

$

—

—
—

4

1
5

1
—
— —
1
—

$

$

$

$

63

$

(1)

5

$

112

$

157
220

48
971
1,019

$

$

$

(12)
(13)

11
16

—
(29)
(29)

2
1
3

$

$

$

158
270

49
971
1,020

$

$

$

(1)

(12)
(13)

—
(29)
(29)

The Company has evaluated the investment securities in the above tables and has determined that the decline in their value is 
temporary.  The unrealized losses are primarily due to changes in market interest rates and spreads in the market for mortgage-
related products.  The fair value of these securities is expected to recover as the securities approach their maturity dates and/or 
as the pricing spreads narrow on mortgage-related securities.  The Company has the ability and the intent to hold the 
investments until the market value recovers.  Furthermore, as of September 30, 2016, management does not have the intent to 
sell any of the securities classified as available for sale where the estimated fair value is below the recorded value and believes 
that it is more likely than not that the Company will not have to sell such securities before a recovery of cost or recorded value 
if previously written down.

In accordance with GAAP, the Company bifurcates OTTI into (1) amounts related to credit losses which are recognized through 
earnings and (2) amounts related to all other factors which are recognized as a component of other comprehensive income 
(loss).

To determine the component of the gross OTTI related to credit losses, the Company compared the amortized cost basis of the 
OTTI security to the present value of its revised expected cash flows, discounted using its pre-impairment yield. The revised 
expected cash flow estimates for individual securities are based primarily on an analysis of default rates, prepayment speeds 
and third-party analytic reports.  Significant judgment by management is required in this analysis that includes, but is not 
limited to, assumptions regarding the collectability of principal and interest, net of related expenses, on the underlying loans.

85

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements                                                                      ___________________________

Timberland Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary
September 30, 2016 and 2015

The following table presents a summary of the significant inputs utilized to measure management’s estimates of the credit loss 
component on OTTI securities as of September 30, 2016, 2015 and 2014:

September 30, 2016
Constant prepayment rate
Collateral default rate
Loss severity rate

September 30, 2015
Constant prepayment rate
Collateral default rate
Loss severity rate

September 30, 2014
Constant prepayment rate
Collateral default rate
Loss severity rate

Range

Minimum 

Maximum 

Weighted
Average 

6.00%
0.07%
1.00%

6.00%
0.16%
3.92%

6.00%
0.01%
0.16%

15.00%
14.45%
73.00%

15.00%
14.65%
65.00%

15.00%
22.34%
75.17%

11.29%
5.47%
42.26%

11.49%
6.08%
39.83%

10.59%
7.41%
45.81%

The following table presents the OTTI losses for the years ended September 30, 2016, 2015 and 2014 (dollars in thousands):

2016

2015

2014

Held To
Maturity

Available
For Sale

Held To
Maturity

Available
For Sale

Held To
Maturity

Available
For Sale

Total (OTTI) recoveries
Adjustment for portion of OTTI
recorded as (transferred from)
other comprehensive income
(before income taxes)(1)

Net (OTTI) recoveries recognized

in earnings (2)

$

(29) $

— $

— $

— $

(83) $

(139)

—

(13)

—

52

$

(168) $

— $

(13) $

— $

(31) $

90

—

90

________________________

(1)  Represents OTTI related to all other factors.
(2)  Represents OTTI related to credit losses.

86

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements                                                                      ___________________________

Timberland Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary
September 30, 2016 and 2015

The following table presents a roll forward of the credit loss component of held to maturity and available for sale debt securities 
that have been written down for OTTI with the credit loss component recognized in earnings for the years ended September 30, 
2016, 2015 and 2014 (dollars in thousands):

Balance, beginning of year

Additions:
       Credit losses for which OTTI was
          not previously recognized
       Additional increases to the amount
          related to credit loss for which OTTI
          was previously recognized
Subtractions:
       Realized losses previously recorded
          as credit losses

Recovery of prior credit loss

Balance, end of year

2016

2015

$

1,576

$

1,654

$

2014

2,084

—

170

—

13

2

33

(239)
(2)
1,505

$

(91)
—
1,576

$

(465)
—
1,654

$

During the year ended September 30, 2016, the Company recorded a $241,000 net realized loss (as a result of investment 
securities being deemed worthless) on twenty held to maturity investment securities, all of which had been recognized 
previously as a credit loss. During the year ended September 30, 2015, the Company recorded a $91,000 net realized loss (as a 
result of investment securities being deemed worthless) on fifteen held to maturity investment securities, all of which had been 
recognized previously as a credit loss.  During the year ended September 30, 2014, the Company recorded a $465,000 net 
realized loss (as a result of investment securities being deemed worthless) on fifteen held to maturity and six available for sale 
residential MBS all of which had been recognized previously as a credit loss.

The recorded amount of residential MBS, treasury and agency securities pledged as collateral for public fund deposits, federal 
treasury tax and loan deposits, FHLB collateral and other non-profit organization deposits totaled $7,039,000 and $7,249,000 at 
September 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively.

The contractual maturities of debt securities at September 30, 2016 are as follows (dollars in thousands).  Expected maturities 
may differ from scheduled maturities due to the prepayment of principal or call provisions.

Due within one year

Due after one year to five years

Due after five years to ten years

Due after ten years

Total

Held to Maturity

Available for Sale

Amortized
Cost

Estimated
Fair
Value

Amortized
Cost

Estimated
Fair
Value

$

$

1

$

1

$

6,008

16

1,486
7,511

$

6,115

16

2,263
8,395

$

1

—

—

335
336

$

$

1

—

—

365
366

87

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements                                                                      ___________________________

Timberland Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary
September 30, 2016 and 2015

Note 4 - Loans Receivable and Allowance for Loan Losses

Loans receivable by portfolio segment consisted of the following at September 30, 2016 and 2015 (dollars in thousands):

Mortgage loans:

One- to four-family
Multi-family
Commercial
Construction – custom and owner/builder
Construction – speculative one- to four-family
Construction – commercial
Construction – multi-family
Land

     Total mortgage loans
Consumer loans:

Home equity and second mortgage
Other

     Total consumer loans

Commercial business loans
      Total loans receivable
Less:

Undisbursed portion of construction loans in process
Deferred loan origination fees
Allowance for loan losses

Loans receivable, net

2016

2015

$

$

118,560
62,303
312,525
93,049
8,106
9,365
12,590
21,627
638,125

39,727
4,139
43,866

41,837
723,828

48,627
2,229
9,826
60,682
663,146

$

$

116,664
52,322
291,216
62,954
6,668
20,728
20,570
26,140
597,262

34,157
4,669
38,826

33,763
669,851

53,457
2,193
9,924
65,574
604,277

Certain related parties of the Company, principally Bank directors and officers, are loan customers of the Bank in the ordinary 
course of business.  Such related party loans were performing according to their repayment terms at September 30, 2016 and 
2015.  Activity in related party loans during the years ended September 30, 2016, 2015 and 2014 was as follows (dollars in 
thousands):

Balance, beginning of year
New loans or borrowings
Repayments and reclassifications
Balance, end of year

Loan Segment Risk Characteristics

2016
630
66
(466)
230

$

$

2015
927
112
(409)
630

$

$

2014
1,095
40
(208)
927

$

$

The Company believes that its loan classes are the same as its loan segments.

One- To Four-Family Residential Lending:  The Company originates both fixed-rate and adjustable-rate loans secured by 
one- to four-family residences.  A portion of the fixed-rate one- to four-family loans are sold in the secondary market for asset/
liability management purposes and to generate non-interest income.  The Company’s lending policies generally limit the 
maximum loan-to-value on one- to four-family loans to 90% of the lesser of the appraised value or the purchase 
price.  However, the Company usually obtains private mortgage insurance on the portion of the principal amount that exceeds 
80% of the appraised value of the property.

88

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements                                                                      ___________________________

Timberland Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary
September 30, 2016 and 2015

Multi-Family Lending: The Company originates loans secured by multi-family dwelling units (more than four units).  Multi-
family lending generally affords the Company an opportunity to receive interest at rates higher than those generally available 
from one- to four-family residential lending.  However, loans secured by multi-family properties usually are greater in amount, 
more difficult to evaluate and monitor and, therefore, involve a greater degree of risk than one- to four-family residential 
mortgage loans.  Because payments on loans secured by multi-family properties are often dependent on the successful operation 
and management of the properties, repayment of such loans may be affected by adverse conditions in the real estate market or 
economy.  The Company attempts to minimize these risks by scrutinizing the financial condition of the borrower, the quality of 
the collateral and the management of the property securing the loan.

Commercial Mortgage Lending: The Company originates commercial real estate loans secured by properties such as office 
buildings, retail/wholesale facilities, motels, restaurants, mini-storage facilities and other commercial properties.  Commercial 
real estate lending generally affords the Company an opportunity to receive interest at higher rates than those available from 
one- to four-family residential lending.  However, loans secured by such properties usually are greater in amount, more difficult 
to evaluate and monitor and, therefore, involve a greater degree of risk than one- to four-family residential mortgage loans. 
Because payments on loans secured by commercial properties are often dependent on the successful operation and management 
of the properties, repayment of these loans may be affected by adverse conditions in the real estate market or economy.  The 
Company attempts to mitigate these risks by generally limiting the maximum loan-to-value ratio to 80% and scrutinizing the 
financial condition of the borrower, the quality of the collateral and the management of the property securing the loan.

Construction Lending:  The Company currently originates the following types of construction loans: custom construction 
loans, owner/builder construction loans, speculative construction loans, commercial real estate construction loans and multi-
family construction loans.  The Company is not currently originating land development loans.

Construction lending affords the Company the opportunity to achieve higher interest rates and fees with shorter terms to 
maturity than does its single-family permanent mortgage lending.  Construction lending, however, is generally considered to 
involve a higher degree of risk than one- to four family residential lending because of the inherent difficulty in estimating both 
a property’s value at completion of the project and the estimated cost of the project.  The nature of these loans is such that they 
are generally more difficult to evaluate and monitor.  If the estimated cost of construction proves to be inaccurate, the Company 
may be required to advance funds beyond the amount originally committed to complete the project.  If the estimate of value 
upon completion proves to be inaccurate, the Company may be confronted with a project whose value is insufficient to assure 
full repayment, and the Company may incur a loss.  Projects may also be jeopardized by disagreements between borrowers and 
builders and by the failure of builders to pay subcontractors.  Loans to construct homes for which no purchaser has been 
identified carry more risk because the payoff for the loan depends on the builder’s ability to sell the property prior to the time 
that the construction loan is due.  The Company attempts to mitigate these risks by adhering to its underwriting policies, 
disbursement procedures and monitoring practices.

Construction Lending – Custom and Owner/Builder:  Custom construction loans are made to home builders who, at the 
time of construction, have a signed contract with a home buyer who has a commitment to purchase the finished home.  Owner/
builder construction loans are originated to home owners rather than home builders and are typically refinanced into permanent 
loans at the completion of construction.

Construction Lending – Speculative One- To Four-Family: Speculative one-to four-family construction loans are made to 
home builders and are termed “speculative” because the home builder does not have, at the time of the loan origination, a 
signed contract with a home buyer who has a commitment for permanent financing with the Company or another lender for the 
finished home.  The home buyer may be identified either during or after the construction period.  The Company is currently 
originating speculative one-to four-family construction loans on a limited basis.

Construction Lending – Commercial:  Commercial construction loans are originated to construct properties such as office 
buildings, hotels, retail rental space and mini-storage facilities.

Construction Lending – Multi-Family:  Multi-family construction loans are originated to construct apartment buildings and 
condominium projects.

Construction Lending - Land Development:  The Company historically originated loans to real estate developers for the 
purpose of developing residential subdivisions.  The Company is not currently originating any land development loans.

89

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements                                                                      ___________________________

Timberland Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary
September 30, 2016 and 2015

Land Lending: The Company has historically originated loans for the acquisition of land upon which the purchaser can then 
build or make improvements necessary to build or to sell as improved lots.  Currently, the Company is originating new land 
loans on a limited basis.  Loans secured by undeveloped land or improved lots involve greater risks than one- to four-family 
residential mortgage loans because these loans are more difficult to evaluate.  If the estimate of value proves to be inaccurate, in 
the event of default or foreclosure, the Company may be confronted with a property value which is insufficient to assure full 
repayment.  The Company attempts to minimize this risk by generally limiting the maximum loan-to-value ratio on land loans 
to 75%.

Consumer Lending – Home Equity and Second Mortgage:   The Company originates home equity lines of credit and second 
mortgage loans.  Home equity lines of credit and second mortgage loans have a greater credit risk than one- to four-family 
residential mortgage loans because they are secured by mortgages subordinated to the existing first mortgage on the property, 
which may or may not be held by the Company.  The Company attempts to mitigate these risks by adhering to its underwriting 
policies in evaluating the collateral and the credit-worthiness of the borrower.

Consumer Lending – Other: The Company originates other consumer loans, which include automobile loans, boat loans, 
motorcycle loans, recreational vehicle loans, savings account loans and unsecured loans.  Other consumer loans generally have 
shorter terms to maturity than mortgage loans.  Other consumer loans generally involve a greater degree of risk than do 
residential mortgage loans, particularly in the case of consumer loans that are unsecured or secured by rapidly depreciating 
assets such as automobiles.  In such cases, any repossessed collateral for a defaulted consumer loan may not provide an 
adequate source of repayment of the outstanding loan balance as a result of the greater likelihood of damage, loss or 
depreciation.  The Company attempts to mitigate these risks by adhering to its underwriting policies in evaluating the credit-
worthiness of the borrower.

Commercial Business Lending:  The Company originates commercial business loans which are generally secured by business 
equipment, accounts receivable, inventory or other property.  The Company also generally obtains personal guarantees from the 
business owners based on a review of personal financial statements.  Commercial business lending generally involves risks that 
are different from those associated with residential and commercial real estate lending.  Real estate lending is generally 
considered to be collateral based lending with loan amounts based on predetermined loan to collateral values, and liquidation of 
the underlying real estate collateral is viewed as the primary source of repayment in the event of borrower default.  Although 
commercial business loans are often collateralized by equipment, inventory, accounts receivable or other business assets, the 
liquidation of collateral in the event of a borrower default is often an insufficient source of repayment, because accounts 
receivable may be uncollectible and inventories and equipment may be obsolete or of limited use.  Accordingly, the repayment 
of a commercial business loan depends primarily on the credit-worthiness of the borrower (and any guarantors), while the 
liquidation of collateral is a secondary and potentially insufficient source of repayment.  The Company attempts to mitigate 
these risks by adhering to its underwriting policies in evaluating the management of the business and the credit-worthiness of 
the borrowers and the guarantors.

90

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements                                                                      ___________________________

Timberland Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary
September 30, 2016 and 2015

Allowance for Loan Losses

The following table sets forth information for the year ended September 30, 2016 regarding activity in the allowance for loan 
losses by portfolio segment (dollars in thousands):

Beginning
Allowance

Provision for
(Recapture of)
Loan Losses

Charge-
offs

Recoveries

Ending
Allowance

Mortgage loans:

  One- to four-family
  Multi-family
  Commercial
  Construction – custom and owner/builder
  Construction – speculative one- to four-family
  Construction – commercial
  Construction – multi-family
  Land

Consumer loans:

  Home equity and second mortgage
  Other

Commercial business loans
   Total

$

$

1,480
392
4,065
451
123
426
283
1,021

1,073
187
423
9,924

$

$

(225) $
81
528
168
5
(158)
(148)
(164)

(116)
(25)
54
— $

(72) $
—
(209)
—
—
—
—
(61)

(18)
(8)
—
(368) $

56
—
—
—
2
—
181
24

—
2
5
270

$

$

1,239
473
4,384
619
130
268
316
820

939
156
482
9,826

The following table sets forth information for the year ended September 30, 2015 regarding activity in the allowance for loan 
losses by portfolio segment (dollars in thousands):

Beginning
Allowance

Provision for
(Recapture of)
Loan Losses

Charge-
offs

Recoveries

Ending
Allowance

Mortgage loans:

  One- to four-family
  Multi-family
  Commercial
  Construction – custom and owner/builder
  Construction – speculative one- to four-family
  Construction – commercial
  Construction – multi-family
  Land

Consumer loans:

  Home equity and second mortgage
  Other

Commercial business loans
   Total

$

$

$

1,650
387
4,836
450
52
78
25
1,434

879
176
460
10,427

$

(214) $
2
(775)
1
69
348
(867)
(305)

242
16
(42)
(1,525) $

(220) $
—
—
—
—
—
—
(145)

(50)
(9)
—
(424) $

264
3
4
—
2
—
1,125
37

2
4
5
1,446

$

$

1,480
392
4,065
451
123
426
283
1,021

1,073
187
423
9,924

91

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements                                                                      ___________________________

Timberland Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary
September 30, 2016 and 2015

The following table sets forth information for the year ended September 30, 2014 regarding activity in the allowance for loan 
losses by portfolio segment (dollars in thousands):

Beginning
Allowance

Provision for
(Recapture of)
Loan Losses

Charge-
offs

Recoveries

Ending
Allowance

Mortgage loans:

  One- to four-family
  Multi-family
  Commercial
  Construction – custom and owner/builder
  Construction – speculative one- to four-family
  Construction – commercial
  Construction – multi-family
  Construction – land development
  Land

Consumer loans:

  Home equity and second mortgage
  Other

Commercial business loans
   Total

$

$

$

1,449
749
5,275
262
96
56
—
—
1,940

782
200
327
11,136

$

$

1,113
(362)
20
188
(44)
22
(226)
(287)
(664)

(1,106) $
—
(463)
—
—
—
—
—
(260)

$

194
—
4
—
—
—
251
287
418

1,650
387
4,836
450
52
78
25
—
1,434

137
(20)
123
— $

(47)
(6)
(14)
(1,896) $

7
2
24
1,187

$

879
176
460
10,427

The following table presents information on the loans evaluated individually and collectively for impairment in the allowance for 
loan losses by portfolio segment at September 30, 2016 (dollars in thousands):

Allowance for Loan Losses

Recorded Investment in Loans

Individually
Evaluated 
for
Impairment

Collectively
Evaluated 
for
Impairment

Individually
Evaluated 
for
Impairment

Collectively
Evaluated 
for
Impairment

Total

Total

Mortgage loans:

One- to four-family
Multi-family
Commercial
Construction – custom and owner/ 

$

builder

Construction – speculative one- to 

four-family

Construction – commercial
Construction –  multi-family
Land

Consumer loans:

Home equity and second mortgage
Other

Commercial business loans
     Total

$

$

70
—
413

$

1,169
473
3,971

$

1,239
473
4,384

$

2,264
—
11,309

116,296
62,303
301,216

$118,560
62,303
312,525

—

—
—
—
53

227
13
—
776

619

130
268
316
767

619

130
268
316
820

367

51,662

52,029

—
—
—
1,268

4,074
6,841
11,539
20,359

4,074
6,841
11,539
21,627

712
143
482
9,050

939
156
482
9,826

$

$

999
30
—
16,237

$

38,728
4,109
41,837
658,964

39,727
4,139
41,837
$675,201

$

92

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements                                                                      ___________________________

Timberland Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary
September 30, 2016 and 2015

The following table presents information on the loans evaluated individually and collectively for impairment in the allowance for 
loan losses by portfolio segment at September 30, 2015 (dollars in thousands):

Allowance for Loan Losses

Recorded Investment in Loans

Individually
Evaluated 
for
Impairment

Collectively
Evaluated 
for
Impairment

Individually
Evaluated 
for
Impairment

Collectively
Evaluated 
for
Impairment

Total

Total

Mortgage loans:

One- to four-family
Multi-family
Commercial
Construction – custom and owner/ 

$

builder

Construction – speculative one- to 

four-family

Construction – commercial
Construction –  multi-family
Land

Consumer loans:

$

307
16
265

$

1,173
376
3,800

—

—
—
—
37

451

123
426
283
984

Home equity and second mortgage
Other

Commercial business loans
     Total

$

362
24
—
1,011

$

711
163
423
8,913

$

1,480
392
4,065

451

123
426
283
1,021

1,073
187
423
9,924

$

$

$

4,291
4,037
12,852

112,373
48,285
278,364

$116,664
52,322
291,216

—

36,192

36,192

—
—
—
2,305

3,781
12,200
5,290
23,835

3,781
12,200
5,290
26,140

910
36
—
24,431

$

33,247
4,633
33,763
591,963

34,157
4,669
33,763
$616,394

The following table presents an analysis of loans by aging category and portfolio segment at September 30, 2016 (dollars in 
thousands):

30-59
Days
Past Due

60-89
Days
Past Due

Non-
Accrual(1)

Past Due
90 Days
or More
and Still
Accruing

Total

Past Due Current

Total
Loans

$

— $

207

$

914

$

— $

1,121

$ 117,439

$ 118,560

—

113

—

—

—

—

—

37

31

37
218

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

612

367

—

—

—

548

—

—

38
245

$

402

30

—
2,873

$

$

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

135

—

—
135

—

725

62,303

62,303

311,800

312,525

367

51,662

52,029

—

—

—

548

574

61

4,074

6,841

11,539

21,079

4,074

6,841

11,539

21,627

39,153

4,078

39,727

4,139

75
3,471

41,762
$ 671,730

41,837
$ 675,201

$

Mortgage loans:

One- to four-family

Multi-family

Commercial
Construction – custom and owner/ 

builder

Construction – speculative one- to 

four-family

Construction – commercial

Construction –  multi-family

Land

Consumer loans:

Home equity and second mortgage

Other

Commercial business loans

   Total

$

__________________
(1) 

Includes non-accrual loans past due 90 days or more and other loans classified as non-accrual.

93

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements                                                                      ___________________________

Timberland Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary
September 30, 2016 and 2015

The following table presents an analysis of loans by aging category and portfolio segment at September 30, 2015 (dollars in 
thousands):

30-59
Days
Past Due

60-89
Days
Past Due

Non-
Accrual(1)

Past Due
90 Days
or More
and Still
Accruing

Total

Past Due Current

Total
Loans

Mortgage loans:

One- to four-family

$

— $

425

$

2,368

$

— $

2,793

$ 113,871

$ 116,664

Multi-family

Commercial

Construction – custom and owner/ 

builder

Construction – speculative one- to 

four-family

Construction – commercial

Construction –  multi-family

Land

Consumer loans:

—

—

—

—

—

—

15

Home equity and second mortgage

Other

Commercial business loans

   Total

146

—

—
161

$

$

—

—

345

—

—

—

32

14

—

—
816

$

760

1,016

—

—

—

—

1,558

303

35

—
6,040

$

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

151

—

—
151

760

51,562

52,322

1,016

290,200

291,216

345

35,847

36,192

—

—

—

1,605

3,781

12,200

5,290

24,535

3,781

12,200

5,290

26,140

614

35

33,543

4,634

34,157

4,669

—
7,168

33,763
$ 609,226

33,763
$ 616,394

$

___________________
(1)  

Includes non-accrual loans past due 90 days or more and other loans classified as non-accrual.

Credit Quality Indicators

The Company uses credit risk grades which reflect the Company’s assessment of a loan’s risk or loss potential.  The Company 
categorizes loans into risk grade categories based on relevant information about the ability of borrowers to service their debt 
such as: current financial information, historical payment experience, credit documentation, public information and current 
economic trends, among other factors such as the estimated fair value of the collateral.  The Company uses the following 
definitions for credit risk ratings as part of the on-going monitoring of the credit quality of its loan portfolio:

Pass:  Pass loans are defined as those loans that meet acceptable quality underwriting standards.

Watch:  Watch loans are defined as those loans that still exhibit acceptable quality but have some concerns that justify greater 
attention.  If these concerns are not corrected, a potential for further adverse categorization exists.  These concerns could relate 
to a specific condition peculiar to the borrower, its industry segment or the general economic environment.

Special Mention: Special mention loans are defined as those loans deemed by management to have some potential weaknesses 
that deserve management’s close attention.  If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in the deterioration of the 
payment prospects of the loan.  

Substandard:  Substandard loans are defined as those loans that are inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying 
capacity of the obligor, or of the collateral pledged.  Loans classified as substandard have a well-defined weakness or 
weaknesses that jeopardize the repayment of the debt.  If the weakness or weaknesses are not corrected, there is the distinct 
possibility that some loss will be sustained.

Loss:  Loans in this classification are considered uncollectible and of such little value that continuance as an asset is not 
warranted.  This classification does not mean that the loan has absolutely no recovery or salvage value, but rather it is not 
practical or desirable to defer writing off this loan even though partial recovery may be realized in the future.  At September 30, 
2016 and 2015, there were no loans classified as loss.

94

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements                                                                      ___________________________

Timberland Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary
September 30, 2016 and 2015

The following table presents an analysis of loans by credit quality indicators and portfolio segment, at September 30, 2016 
(dollars in thousands). 

Mortgage loans:

One- to four-family
Multi-family
Commercial
Construction – custom and owner / builder
Construction – speculative one- to four-family
Construction – commercial
Construction – multi-family
Land

Consumer loans:

Home equity and second mortgage
Other

Commercial business loans
        Total

Pass

Watch

Loan Grades
Special
Mention

Substandard

Total

$

$

115,131
60,504
292,756
51,432
4,074
6,841
11,539
18,010

38,261
4,078
41,797
644,423

$

$

$

364
—
8,411
229
—
—
—
1,043

590
—
40
10,677

$

661
1,799
10,746
—
—
—
—
1,859

—
—
—
15,065

$

$

2,404
—
612
368
—
—
—
715

876
61
—
5,036

$

$

118,560
62,303
312,525
52,029
4,074
6,841
11,539
21,627

39,727
4,139
41,837
675,201

The following table presents an analysis of loans by credit quality indicators and portfolio segment, at September 30, 2015 
(dollars in thousands):

Mortgage loans:

One- to four-family
Multi-family
Commercial
Construction – custom and owner / builder
Construction – speculative one- to four-family
Construction – commercial
Construction – multi-family
Land

Consumer loans:

Home equity and second mortgage
Other

Commercial business loans
        Total

Pass

Watch

Loan Grades
Special
Mention

Substandard

Total

$

$

111,351
45,249
270,685
36,192
3,781
12,200
5,290
20,964

32,172
4,631
33,635
576,150

$

$

$

653
—
8,040
—
—
—
—
1,105

$

1,339
6,313
6,803
—
—
—
—
2,078

$

3,321
760
5,688
—
—
—
—
1,993

664
—
49
10,511

$

404
—
79
17,016

$

917
38
—
12,717

$

116,664
52,322
291,216
36,192
3,781
12,200
5,290
26,140

34,157
4,669
33,763
616,394

95

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements                                                                                                                                                    ___________________________

Timberland Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary
September 30, 2016 and 2015

The following table is a summary of information related to impaired loans by portfolio segment as of and for the year ended September 30, 2016 (dollars in thousands):

With no related allowance recorded:

Mortgage loans:

One- to four-family

Multi-family

Commercial

Construction – custom and owner / builder

Land

Consumer loans:

Home equity and second mortgage

9
6

Commercial business loans

        Subtotal

With an allowance recorded:

Mortgage loans:

One- to four-family

Multi-family

Commercial

Land

Consumer loans:

Home equity and second mortgage

      Other

       Subtotal

Total:

Mortgage loans:

One- to four-family

Multi-family

Commercial

Construction – custom and owner / builder

Land

Consumer loans:

Home equity and second mortgage

Other

Commercial business loans

     Total

Cash Basis
Interest
Income
Recognized

$

September 30, 2016
Unpaid Principal
Balance (Loan
Balance Plus
Charge Off)

Recorded
Investment

For the Year Ended
September 30, 2016

Related
Allowance

Average
Recorded
Investment

Interest
Income
Recognized

$

914

$

1,060

$

— $

1,349

$

—

7,566

367

693

402

—

9,942

1,350

—

3,743

575

597

30

6,295

2,264

—

11,309

367

1,268

999

30

—

—

8,685

367

1,101

593

—

11,806

1,350

—

3,743

575

597

30

6,295

2,410

—

12,428

367

1,676

1,190

30

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

70

—

413

53

227

13

776

70

—

413

—

53

227

13

—

152

7,784

73

839

264

15

10,476

1,921

655

4,181

604

709

33

8,103

3,270

807

11,965

73

1,443

973

33

15

38

—

421

—

16

—

—

475

118

—

275

39

44

2

478

156

—

696

—

55

44

2

—

$

16,237

$

18,101

$

776

$

18,579

$

953

$

38

—

330

—

12

—

—

380

89

—

215

32

40

2

378

127

—

545

—

44

40

2

—

758

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements                                                                                                                                                    ___________________________

Timberland Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary
September 30, 2016 and 2015

The following table is a summary of information related to impaired loans by portfolio segment as of and for the year ended September 30, 2015 (dollars in thousands):

With no related allowance recorded:

Mortgage loans:

One- to four-family

Multi-family

Commercial

Construction – custom and owner / builder

Land

Consumer loans:

Home equity and second mortgage

9
7

Commercial business loans

        Subtotal

With an allowance recorded:

Mortgage loans:

One- to four-family

Multi-family

Commercial

Construction – custom and owner / builder

Land

Consumer loans:

Home equity and second mortgage

       Other

       Subtotal

Total

Mortgage loans:

One- to four-family

Multi-family

Commercial

Construction – custom and owner / builder

Land

Consumer loans:

Home equity and second mortgage

Other

Commercial business loans

     Total

Cash Basis
Interest
Income
Recognized

$

September 30, 2015
Unpaid Principal
Balance (Loan
Balance Plus
Charge Off)

Recorded
Investment

For the Year Ended
September 30, 2015

Related
Allowance

Average
Recorded
Investment

Interest
Income
Recognized

$

1,321

$

1,546

$

— $

1,919

$

760

7,199

—

1,614

165

—

11,059

2,970

3,277

5,653

—

691

745

36

791

8,259

—

2,150

381

6

13,133

2,970

3,277

5,653

—

691

745

36

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

307

16

265

—

37

362

24

13,372

13,372

1,011

4,291

4,037

12,852

—

2,305

910

36

—

4,516

4,068

13,912

—

2,841

1,126

36

6

307

16

265

—

37

362

24

—

570

9,078

118

1,028

270

—

12,983

3,833

3,291

3,475

17

3,298

516

28

14,458

5,752

3,861

12,553

135

4,326

786

28

—

25

3

521

—

25

—

—

574

149

184

202

—

32

18

—

585

174

187

723

—

57

18

—

—

$

24,431

$

26,505

$

1,011

$

27,441

$

1,159

$

25

3

412

—

20

—

—

460

112

137

152

—

27

15

—

443

137

140

564

—

47

15

—

—

903

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements                                                                                                                                                    ___________________________

Timberland Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary
September 30, 2016 and 2015

The following table is a summary of information related to impaired loans by portfolio segment as of and for the year ended September 30, 2014 (dollars in thousands):

9
8

With no related allowance recorded:
Mortgage loans:

One- to four-family
Multi-family
Commercial
Construction – multi-family
Construction – land development
Land

Consumer loans:

Home equity and second mortgage
Other

Commercial business loans
        Subtotal
With an allowance recorded:
Mortgage loans:

One- to four-family
Multi-family
Commercial
Construction – speculative one- to four-family
Land

Consumer loans:

Home equity and second mortgage

       Subtotal
Total
Mortgage loans:

One- to four-family
Multi-family
Commercial
Construction – speculative one- to four-family
Construction – multi-family
Construction – land development
Land

Consumer loans:

Home equity and second mortgage
Other

Commercial business loans
     Total

September 30, 2014
Unpaid Principal
Balance (Loan
Balance Plus
Charge Off)

Recorded
Investment

For the Year Ended
September 30, 2014

Related
Allowance

Average
Recorded
Investment

Interest
Income
Recognized

Cash Basis
Interest
Income
Recognized

$

$

2,647
—
11,057
—
—
1,079

351
3
—
15,137

4,364
3,317
6,131
—
4,079

446
18,337

7,011
3,317
17,188
—
—
—
5,158

797
3
—
33,474

$

$

3,301
857
14,184
—
—
1,674

574
3
10
20,603

4,364
3,317
6,131
—
4,079

446
18,337

7,665
4,174
20,315
—
—
—
5,753

1,020
3
10
38,940

$

$

— $
—
—
—
—
—

—
—
—
—

709
39
797
—
300

162
2,007

709
39
797
—
—
—
300

162
—
—
2,007

$

3,763
—
7,859
57
141
1,044

276
7
22
13,169

4,140
4,157
10,083
275
3,780

404
22,839

7,903
4,157
17,942
275
57
141
4,824

680
7
22
36,008

$

$

— $
—
414
—
—
12

—
—
—
426

146
220
541
11
18

16
952

146
220
955
11
—
—
30

—
—
325
—
—
10

—
—
—
335

110
165
423
7
16

12
733

110
165
748
7
—
—
26

16
—
—
1,378

$

12
—
—
1,068

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements                                                                      ___________________________

Timberland Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary
September 30, 2016 and 2015

Troubled debt restructured loans ("TDRs) are considered impaired loans and are individually evaluated for impairment.  TDRs 
can be classified as either accrual or non-accrual. The Company had $8,160,000 in TDRs included in impaired loans at 
September 30, 2016 and had no commitments to lend additional funds on these loans.  The Company had $13,718,000 in TDRs 
included in impaired loans at September 30, 2015 and had no commitments to lend additional funds on these loans.  The 
allowance for loan losses allocated to TDRs at September 30, 2016 and 2015 was $465,000 and $310,000, respectively.

The following tables set forth information with respect to the Company’s TDRs by interest accrual status as of September 30, 
2016 and 2015 (dollars in thousands):

Mortgage loans:

One- to four-family
Commercial
Land

Consumer loans:

Home equity and second mortgage

        Total

Mortgage loans:

One- to four-family
Multi-family
Commercial
Land

Consumer loans:

Home equity and second mortgage

        Total

2016
Non-
Accrual

Total

Accruing

1,350
5,268
720

291
7,629

Accruing

1,929
3,277
6,237
747

$

$

$

126
—
253

152
531

2015
Non-
Accrual

826
—
—
255

$

$

$

1,476
5,268
973

443
8,160

Total

2,755
3,277
6,237
1,002

295
12,485

$

152
1,233

$

447
13,718

$

$

$

$

There were no loans modified in troubled debt restructurings during the year ended September 30, 2016. The following table sets 
forth information with respect to the Company’s loans, by portfolio segment, which were modified in troubled debt restructurings 
during the years ended September 30, 2015 and 2014 (dollars in thousands):

2015
One- to four-family 

Total

2014
One- to four-family 
Land 

Total

Pre-
Modification
Outstanding
Recorded
Investment

Post- 
Modification
Outstanding
Recorded
Investment

End of
Period
Balance

$
$

$

$

48
48

42
157
199

$
$

$

$

48
48

42
157
199

$
$

$

$

48
48

42
153
195

Number of
Contracts
1
1

1
1
2

All modifications to loans which resulted in troubled debt restructurings during the years ended September 30, 2015 and 2014 
consisted of reductions in stated interest rates.  There were no TDRs for which there was a payment default within the first 12 
months of modification during the years ended September 30, 2016, 2015 or 2014.

99

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements                                                                      ___________________________

Timberland Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary
September 30, 2016 and 2015

Note 5 - MSRs

The Company services loans for Freddie Mac and - beginning in 2016 - secondary market purchasers of the guaranteed portion 
of SBA loans; such loans are not included in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.  The principal amount of loans 
serviced for Freddie Mac at September 30, 2016, 2015 and 2014 was $340,308,000, $331,494,000 and $327,594,000, 
respectively.  The guaranteed principal amount of SBA loans serviced at September 30, 2016 was $319,000. 

The following is an analysis of the changes in MSRs for the years ended September 30, 2016, 2015 and 2014 (dollars in 
thousands):

Balance, beginning of year
Additions
Amortization

Balance, end of year

2016
1,478
650
(555)
1,573

$

$

2015
1,684
635
(841)
1,478

$

$

2014
2,266
387
(969)
1,684

$

$

At September 30, 2016, 2015 and 2014, the estimated fair value of MSRs totaled $2,865,000, $3,095,000 and $3,204,000, 
respectively. The Freddie Mac MSRs' fair values at September 30, 2016, 2015 and 2014 were estimated using discounted cash 
flow analyses with average discount rates of 9.52%, 9.52% and 10.04%, respectively, and average prepayment speed factors of 
209, 174 and 164, respectively. At September 30, 2016, the SBA MSRs were insignificant. At September 30, 2016, 2015 and 
2014 there were no valuation allowances on MSRs.

Note 6 - Premises and Equipment

Premises and equipment consisted of the following at September 30, 2016 and 2015 (dollars in thousands):

Land
Buildings and improvements
Furniture and equipment
Property held for future expansion
Construction and purchases in progress

Less accumulated depreciation

Premises and equipment, net

2016
3,926
17,709
7,732
129
237
29,733
13,574
16,159

$

$

$

$

2015
3,944
17,664
8,071
110
96
29,885
13,031
16,854

In November 2016 the Company began a major remodel of its Edgewood branch that is estimated to cost approximately $1.0 
million.  The remodel is anticipated to be completed in March 2017.

The Company leases certain premises under operating lease agreements.  Certain leases contain renewal options from five to 
ten years and escalation clauses based on increases in property taxes and other costs.  Total rental expense was $287,000, 
$280,000 and $267,000 for the years ended September 30, 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively, which was included in premises 
and equipment expense in the accompanying consolidated statements of income.

Minimum net rental commitments under non-cancellable leases having an original or remaining term of more than one year for 
fiscal years ending subsequent to September 30, 2016 are as follows (dollars in thousands):

2017
2018
2019
2020
2021

Total minimum payments required

100

$

$

302
302
296
262
148
1,310

 
 
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements                                                                      ___________________________

Timberland Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary
September 30, 2016 and 2015

The Company has entered into an agreement to purchase one of the leased buildings for $1.8 million.  The transaction is 
expected to close December 31, 2016.  Upon closing of the purchase and termination of the related leases, the minimum net 
rental commitments in the table above would be reduced by $65,000 for 2017, $97,000 for each of 2018, 2019 and 2020, and 
$24,000 for 2021.

Note 7 – OREO and Other Repossessed Assets

The following table presents the activity related to OREO and other repossessed assets for the years ended September 30, 2016 
and 2015 (dollars in thousands):

Balance, beginning of year
Additions to OREO and other repossessed assets
Capitalized improvements
Writedowns
Sales of OREO and other repossessed assets

Balance, end of year

2016

2015

Amount
7,854
307
142
(435)
(3,751)
4,117

$

$

Number
35
4
—
—
(16)
23

$

$

Amount
9,092
2,120
3
(644)
(2,717)
7,854

Number
40
12
—
—
(17)
35

At September 30, 2016, OREO and other repossessed assets consisted of 22 OREO properties and one other repossessed asset 
in Washington, with balances ranging from $6,000 to $957,000.  At September 30, 2015, OREO consisted of 34 OREO 
properties and one other repossessed asset in Washington, with balances ranging from $6,000 to $1,091,000.  The Company 
recorded net gains on sales of OREO and other repossessed assets of $47,000, $110,000, and $169,000 for the years ended 
September 30, 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively. Gains and losses on sales of OREO and other repossessed assets are recorded 
in the OREO and other repossessed assets, net category in non-interest expense in the accompanying consolidated statements of 
income.

At September 30, 2016, the recorded amount of foreclosed residential real estate properties held in OREO as a result of 
obtaining physical possession was $1.07 million and the amount of one- to four-family properties in process of foreclosure 
totaled $138,000.

Note 8 - Deposits

Deposits consisted of the following at September 30, 2016 and 2015 (dollars in thousands):

Non-interest-bearing demand
NOW checking
Savings
Money market
Certificates of deposit

Total

2016
172,283
203,812
123,474
113,991
147,974
761,534

$

$

$

$

2015
141,388
180,628
110,315
92,476
154,105
678,912

Certificates of deposit of $250,000 or greater totaled $16,439,000 and $13,404,000 at September 30, 2016 and 2015, 
respectively. The Company had brokered deposits totaling $10,113,000 and $11,646,000 at September 30, 2016 and 2015, 
respectively.

101

 
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements                                                                      ___________________________

Timberland Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary
September 30, 2016 and 2015

Scheduled maturities of certificates of deposit for future years ending September 30 are as follows (dollars in thousands):

2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
Thereafter
Total

$

$

88,060
26,548
11,300
8,263
13,790
13
147,974

Interest expense on deposits by account type was as follows for the years ended September 30, 2016, 2015 and 2014 (dollars in 
thousands):

NOW checking
Savings
Money market
Certificates of deposit

Total

2016
456
64
327
1,194
2,041

$

$

2015
450
53
274
1,227
2,004

$

$

2014
440
46
246
1,334
2,066

$

$

Note 9 – FHLB Borrowings and Other Borrowings

The Bank has long- and short-term borrowing lines with the FHLB with total credit on the lines equal to 35% of the Bank’s 
total assets, limited by available collateral.  Borrowings are considered short-term when the original maturity is less than one 
year.  The Bank had $30,000,000 of long-term FHLB borrowings outstanding at September 30, 2016 and $45,000,000 
outstanding at September 30, 2015.  During the year ended September 30, 2016, the Company incurred a $138,000 prepayment 
penalty on a $15,000,000 FHLB borrowing that repaid before its scheduled maturity date.  The long-term borrowings at 
September 30, 2016 mature at various dates during the 2017 fiscal year and bear interest at rates ranging from 3.69% to 
4.27%. Under the Advances, Pledge and Security Agreement entered into with the FHLB ("FHLB Borrowing Agreement"), 
virtually all of the Bank’s assets, not otherwise encumbered, are pledged as collateral for borrowings.  The long-term 
borrowings have a putable feature and may be called by the FHLB earlier than the scheduled maturities. 

The Bank also has a letter of credit ("LOC") with the FHLB for the purpose of collateralizing Washington State public deposits.  
The LOC amount reduces the Bank's available borrowings under the FHLB Borrowing Agreement.  The LOC had a limit of 
$22,000,000 as of September 30, 2016, all of which was available to draw upon.

The Bank also maintains a short-term borrowing line with the FRB with total credit based on eligible collateral.  At 
September 30, 2016 the Bank had a borrowing capacity on this line of $60,393,000.  The Bank had no outstanding balance on 
this line at September 30, 2016 and 2015.  

The Bank has a short-term $10,000,000 overnight borrowing line with Pacific Coast Bankers' Bank. The borrowing line may be 
reduced or withdrawn at any time.  As of September 30, 2016 and 2015 the Bank did not have any outstanding borrowings on 
this line.

The Bank had no short-term borrowings outstanding during the years ended September 30, 2016, 2015 and 2014.

102

 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements                                                                      ___________________________

Timberland Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary
September 30, 2016 and 2015

Note 10 - Other Liabilities and Accrued Expenses

Other liabilities and accrued expenses were comprised of the following at September 30, 2016 and 2015 (dollars in thousands):

Accrued deferred compensation, profit sharing plans and bonuses payable
Accrued interest payable on deposits and borrowings
Accounts payable and accrued expenses - other

Total other liabilities and accrued expenses

2016
987
247
1,786
3,020

$

$

2015
828
289
1,599
2,716

$

$

Note 11 - Federal Income Taxes

The components of the provision for federal income taxes for the years ended September 30, 2016, 2015 and 2014 were as 
follows (dollars in thousands):

Current
Deferred
Provision 

2016
4,618
283
4,901

$

$

2015
3,996
196
4,192

$

$

2014
2,349
451
2,800

$

$

At September 30, 2016 the Company had income taxes payable of $197,000, which is included in other liabilities in the 
accompanying 2016 consolidated balance sheet. At September 30, 2015 the company had income taxes receivable of $92,000, 
which is included in other assets in the accompanying 2015 consolidated balance sheet.

The components of the Company’s deferred tax assets and liabilities at September 30, 2016 and 2015 were as follows (dollars 
in thousands):

Deferred Tax Assets

Allowance for loan losses
Allowance for OREO losses
Unearned ESOP shares
CDI
OTTI credit impairment on investment securities
Accrued interest on loans
Net unrealized losses on investment securities
Other
Total deferred tax assets

Deferred Tax Liabilities

Goodwill
MSRs
Depreciation
FHLB stock dividends
Prepaid expenses
Other
Total deferred tax liabilities

Net deferred tax assets

103

$

2016

2015

$

3,508
519
224
151
174
31
90
178
4,875

1,549
539
403
419
145
6
3,061

3,483
564
255
201
176
130
114
164
5,087

1,417
505
464
447
125
8
2,966

$

1,814

$

2,121

 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements                                                                      ___________________________

Timberland Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary
September 30, 2016 and 2015

The provision for federal income taxes for the years ended September 30, 2016, 2015 and 2014 differs from that computed at 
the statutory corporate tax rate as follows (dollars in thousands):

Expected tax provision at statutory rate
BOLI income
Dividends on ESOP
Other - net
Provision for federal income taxes

2016
5,160
(189)
(83)
13
4,901

$

$

2015
4,268
(184)
(58)
166
4,192

$

$

2014
2,941
(180)
(41)
80
2,800

$

$

No valuation allowance for net deferred tax assets was recorded as of September 30, 2016 and 2015, as management believes 
that it is more likely than not that all of the net deferred tax assets will be realized based on management's expectations of 
future taxable income and/or because they were supported by recoverable taxes paid in prior years.

Note 12 – Employee Stock Ownership and 401(k) Plan 

Effective October 3, 2007, the Bank established the Timberland Bank Employee Stock Ownership and 401(k) Plan (“KSOP”) 
by combining the existing Timberland Bank Employee Stock Ownership Plan and the Timberland Bank 401(k) Plan.  The 
KSOP is comprised of two components, the ESOP and the 401(k) Plan.  The KSOP benefits employees with at least one year of 
service who are 21 years of age or older.  The Bank may fund the ESOP with contributions of cash or stock, and may fund the 
401(k) Plan with contributions of cash.  Employee vesting occurs over six years.

ESOP

In January 1998, the ESOP borrowed $7,930,000 from the Company to purchase 1,058,000 shares of common stock of the 
Company.  The loan is being repaid primarily from the Bank’s contributions to the ESOP and is scheduled to be fully repaid by 
March 31, 2019. The interest rate on the loan is 8.5%. Interest expense on the ESOP debt was $136,000, $173,000 and 
$206,000 for the years ended September 30, 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively. The balance of the loan at September 30, 2016 
was $1,314,000.

The amount of the Bank's annual contribution is discretionary, except that it must be sufficient to enable the ESOP to service its 
debt.  All dividends received by the ESOP are used to pay debt service. Dividends of $243,000, $170,000 and $120,000 were 
used to service the debt during the years ended September 30, 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively.  As the Plan makes each 
payment of principal and interest, an appropriate percentage of stock is released and allocated annually to eligible employee 
accounts, in accordance with applicable regulations. As of September 30, 2016, 433,902 ESOP shares, which were previously 
released for allocation to participants, had been distributed to participants.

Shares held by the ESOP as of September 30, 2016, 2015 and 2014 were classified as follows:

Unallocated shares
Shares released for allocation
Total ESOP shares

2016
88,171
535,927
624,098

2015
123,436
554,745
678,181

2014
158,702
564,111
722,813

The approximate fair market value of the ESOP’s unallocated shares at September 30, 2016, 2015 and 2014 was $1,389,000, 
$1,344,000 and $1,673,000, respectively.  Compensation expense recognized under the ESOP for the years ended 
September 30, 2016, 2015 and 2014 was $233,000, $203,000, and $242,000, respectively.

401(k) Plan

Eligible employees may contribute a portion of their wages to the 401(k) Plan up to the maximum established under the Internal 
Revenue Code.  Contributions by the Bank are at the discretion of the Board except for a safe harbor contribution of 3% of 
eligible employees' wages, which is mandatory according to the plan document.  Bank contributions totaled $333,000, 
$313,000 and $302,000 for the years ended September 30, 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively.

104

 
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements                                                                      ___________________________

Timberland Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary
September 30, 2016 and 2015

Note 13 - Stock Compensation Plans

Under the Company’s 2003 Stock Option Plan, the Company was able to grant options for up to 300,000 shares of common 
stock to employees, officers, directors and directors emeriti.  Under the Company's 2014 Equity Incentive Plan, the Company is 
able to grant options and awards of restricted stock (with or without performance measures) for up to 352,366 shares of 
common stock to employees, officers, directors and directors emeriti.  Shares issued may be purchased in the open market or 
may be issued from authorized and unissued shares.  The exercise price of each option equals the fair market value of the 
Company’s common stock on the date of grant.  Generally, options and restricted stock vest in 20% annual installments on each 
of the five anniversaries from the date of the grant, and options generally have a maximum contractual term of ten years.  At 
September 30, 2016, there were 171,116 shares of common stock available which may be awarded as options or restricted stock 
pursuant to future grants under the 2014 Equity Incentive Plan.  At September 30, 2016, there were no options available for 
future grants under the 2003 Stock Option Plan.   

At both September 30, 2016 and 2015 there were no unvested restricted stock awards.  There were no restricted stock grants 
awarded during the years ended September 30, 2016, 2015 and 2014.

Stock option activity for the years ended September 30, 2016, 2015 and 2014 is summarized as follows:

Outstanding September 30, 2013
Options granted
Options exercised
Options forfeited
Outstanding September 30, 2014

Options granted
Options exercised
Options forfeited
Outstanding September 30, 2015

Options granted
Options exercised
Options forfeited
Outstanding September 30, 2016

$

Weighted 
Average
Exercise 
Price
6.96
9.29
4.66
9.87
7.49

Number of
Shares
162,946
135,000
(5,000)
(71,546)
221,400

128,000
(6,300)
(1,800)
341,300

55,750
(21,020)
(2,900)
373,130

$

10.62
4.84
4.55
8.73

15.67
7.56
9.96
9.82

The aggregate intrinsic value of options exercised during the years ended September 30, 2016 and 2015 was $124,000 and 
$36,000, respectively.

The Company uses the Black-Scholes option pricing model to estimate the fair value of stock-based awards with the weighted 
average assumptions noted in the following table.  The risk-free interest rate is based on the rate of a U.S. Treasury security 
with a similar term as the expected life of the stock option at the particular grant date.  The expected life is based on historical 
data, vesting terms and estimated exercise dates.  The expected dividend yield is based on the most recent quarterly dividend on 
an annualized basis in effect at the time the options were granted, adjusted, if appropriate, for management's expectations 
regarding future dividends.  The expected volatility is based on historical volatility of the Company’s stock price.  There were 
135,000 options granted during the year ended September 30, 2014 with an aggregate grant date fair value of $349,000. There 
were 128,000 options granted during the year ended September 30, 2015 with an aggregate grant date fair value of $241,000.  
There were 55,750 options granted during the year ended September 30, 2016 with an aggregate grant date fair value of 
$81,000. 

105

 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements                                                                      ___________________________

Timberland Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary
September 30, 2016 and 2015

The weighted average assumptions for options granted during the years ended September 30, 2016, 2015 and 2014 were as 
follows:

Expected volatility
Expected life (in years)
Expected dividend yield
Risk free interest rate
Grant date fair value per share

2016
16%
5
3.00%
1.12%
1.46

$

2015
28%
5
3.31%
1.43%
1.88

$

2014
39%
5
2.51%
1.41%
2.59

$

There were 65,100 options that vested during the year ended September 30, 2016 with a total fair value of $144,000.  There 
were 42,900 options that vested during the year ended September 30, 2015 with a total fair value of $100,000. There were 
43,800 options that vested during the year ended September 30, 2014 with a total fair value of $80,000. 

At September 30, 2016 there were 250,450 unvested options with an aggregate grant date fair value of $506,000, all of which 
the Company assumes will vest.  The unvested options had an aggregate intrinsic value of $1,207,000 at September 30, 
2016.  At September 30, 2015 there were 262,700 unvested options with an aggregate grant date fair value of $574,000.
Additional information regarding options outstanding at September 30, 2016 is as follows:

Range of
Exercise
Prices ($)
$ 4.01 - 4.55
   5.86 - 6.00
   9.00
 10.26 - 10.71
 15.67

Options Outstanding

Options Exercisable

Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price 
4.20
5.92
9.00
10.57
15.67
9.82

Weighted
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Life (Years)
4.4
6.0
7.1
8.5
10.0
7.7

Number
26,700
54,500
89,600
146,580
55,750
373,130

$

$

Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price
4.23
5.91
9.00
10.56
N/A
7.56

Weighted
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Life (Years)
4.3
6.0
7.1
8.3
N/A
6.6

Number
22,900
37,200
32,000
30,580
—
122,680

$

$

The  aggregate  intrinsic  value  of  options  outstanding  at  September 30,  2016,  2015  and  2014  was  $2,212,000,  $738,000,  and 
$675,000, respectively.

Compensation expense recorded in the consolidated financial statements for all stock-based plans was as follows for the years 
ended September 30, 2016, 2015 and 2014 (dollars in thousands):

Stock options
Restricted stock grants
Less: related tax benefit recognized

2016
190
—
(37)
153

$

$

2015
127
—
(2)
125

$

$

2014
112
2
(10)
104

$

$

As of September 30, 2016, unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested stock options was $424,000, which is 
expected to be recognized over a weighted average 2.16 years.

Note 14 - Commitments and Contingencies

The Company is party to financial instruments with off-balance-sheet risk in the normal course of business to meet the 
financing needs of its customers.  These financial instruments include commitments to extend credit.  These instruments 
involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit risk not recognized in the consolidated balance sheets.

106

 
 
 
 
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements                                                                      ___________________________

Timberland Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary
September 30, 2016 and 2015

The Company’s exposure to credit loss in the event of nonperformance by the other party to the financial instrument for 
commitments to extend credit is represented by the contractual amount of those instruments.  The Bank uses the same credit 
policies in making commitments as it does for on-balance-sheet instruments.

A summary of the Company’s commitments at September 30, 2016 and 2015 is as follows (dollars in thousands):

Undisbursed portion of construction loans in process (see Note 4)
Undisbursed lines of credit
Commitments to extend credit

$

$

2016
48,627
47,949
20,681

2015
53,457
41,494
12,196

Commitments to extend credit are agreements to lend to a customer as long as there is no violation of any condition established 
in the contract.  Since commitments may expire without being drawn upon, the total commitment amounts do not necessarily 
represent future cash requirements.  The Company evaluates each customer’s credit-worthiness on a case-by-case basis.  The 
amount of collateral obtained, if deemed necessary by the Company upon extension of credit, is based on management’s credit 
evaluation of the party.  However, such loan to value ratios will subsequently change, based on increases and decreases in the 
supporting collateral values.  Collateral held varies, but may include accounts receivable, inventory, property and equipment, 
residential real estate, land and income-producing commercial properties.

The Company maintains a separate reserve for losses related to unfunded loan commitments.  Management estimates the 
amount of probable losses related to unfunded loan commitments by applying the loss factors used in the allowance for loan 
loss methodology to an estimate of the expected amount of funding and applies this adjusted factor to the unused portion of 
unfunded loan commitments.  The reserve for unfunded loan commitments totaled $157,000 and $226,000 at September 30, 
2016 and 2015, respectively.  These amounts are included in other liabilities and accrued expenses in the accompanying 
consolidated balance sheets.  Increases (decreases) in the reserve for unfunded loan commitments are recorded in non-interest 
expense in the accompanying consolidated statements of income.

The Bank has an employee severance compensation plan which expires in 2017 and which provides severance pay benefits to 
eligible employees in the event of a change in control of Timberland Bancorp or the Bank (as defined in the plan).  In general, 
all employees with two or more years of service will be eligible to participate in the plan.  Under the plan, in the event of a 
change in control of Timberland Bancorp or the Bank, eligible employees who are terminated or who terminate employment 
(but only upon the occurrence of events specified in the plan) within 12 months of the effective date of a change in control 
would be entitled to a payment based on years of service or officer rank with the Bank.  The maximum payment for any eligible 
employee would be equal to 24 months of the employee’s current compensation.

The Company has employment agreements with the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer which provide for 
a severance payment and other benefits if the officers are involuntarily terminated following a change in control of the 
Company or the Bank.  The maximum value of the severance benefits under the employment agreements is 2.99 times the 
officer's average annual compensation during the five-year period prior to the effective date of the change in control.

Because of the nature of its activities, the Company is subject to various pending and threatened legal actions which arise in the 
ordinary course of business.  In the opinion of management, liabilities arising from these claims, if any, will not have a material 
effect on the consolidated financial position of the Company.

Note 15 - Significant Concentrations of Credit Risk

Most of the Company’s lending activity is with customers located in the state of Washington and involves real estate.  At 
September 30, 2016, the Company had $677,852,000 (including $48,627,000 of undisbursed construction loans in process) in 
loans secured by real estate, which represented 93.6% of total loans receivable.  The real estate loan portfolio is primarily 
secured by one- to four-family properties, multi-family properties, land, and a variety of commercial real estate property 
types.  At September 30, 2016, there were no concentrations of real estate loans to a specific industry or secured by a specific 
collateral type that equaled or exceeded 20% of the Company’s total loan portfolio, other than loans secured by one-to four-

107

 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements                                                                      ___________________________

Timberland Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary
September 30, 2016 and 2015

family properties.  The ultimate collectability of a substantial portion of the loan portfolio is susceptible to changes in economic 
and market conditions in the region and the impact of those changes on the real estate market.  The Company typically 
originates real estate loans with loan-to-value ratios of no greater than 90%.  Collateral and/or guarantees are required for all 
loans.  The Company also had $53,000,000 in CDs held for investment at September 30, 2016.  The CDs are held with various 
FDIC insured institutions throughout the U.S., and each CD is below the FDIC insurance limit of $250,000. 

Note 16 - Regulatory Matters

The Bank, as a state-chartered, federally insured savings bank, is subject to the capital requirements established by the FDIC. 
Under the FDIC's capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, the Bank must meet 
specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of the Bank's assets, liabilities and certain off-balance-sheet items 
as calculated under regulatory accounting practices.  The Bank's capital amounts and classification are also subject to 
qualitative judgments by the regulators about components, risk weighting and other factors.

Effective January 1, 2015 (with some changes transitioned into full effectiveness over two to four years), the Bank became 
subject to new capital adequacy requirements.  The capital adequacy requirements are quantitative measures established by 
regulation that require the Bank to maintain minimum amounts and ratios of capital.  The new capital requirements adopted by 
the FDIC created a new required ratio for common equity Tier 1 ("CET1") capital, increased the leverage and Tier 1 capital 
ratios, changed the risk-weightings of certain assets for purposes of the risk-based capital ratios, created an additional capital 
conservation buffer over the required capital ratios and changed what qualifies as capital for purpose of meeting these various 
capital requirements.  Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can initiate certain mandatory and possibly additional 
discretionary actions by bank regulators that, if undertaken, could have a direct material effect on the Company's consolidated 
financial statements. 

The minimum requirements are a ratio of CET1 capital to total risk-weighted assets (the "CET1 risk-based ratio") of 4.5%, a 
Tier 1 capital ratio of 6.0%, a total capital ratio of 8.0% and a leverage ratio of 4.0%.  In addition to the minimum CET1, Tier 1 
and total capital ratios, the Bank must maintain a capital conservation buffer consisting of additional CET1 capital above the 
required minimum levels in order to avoid limitations on paying dividends, engaging in share repurchases, and paying 
discretionary bonuses based on percentages of eligible retained income that could be utilized for such actions. This capital 
conservation buffer requirement began to be phased in beginning in January 2016 at 0.625% of risk-weighted assets and will 
increase each year to an amount equal to 2.5% of risk-weighted assets when fully implemented in January 2019.

In addition to the capital requirements, there are a number of changes in what constitutes regulatory capital, subject to transition 
periods.  These changes include the phasing-out of certain instruments as qualifying capital.  As of September 30, 2016, the 
Bank did not have any of these instruments.  MSRs and deferred tax assets over designated percentages of CET1 capital will be 
deducted from capital, subject to a four-year transition period.  CET1 capital will consist of Tier 1 capital less all capital 
components that are not considered common equity.  In addition, Tier 1 capital will include accumulated other comprehensive 
income (loss), which includes all unrealized gains and losses on available for sale investment securities, subject to a four-year 
transition period.  In addition, the Bank elected in the first quarter of calendar year 2015 to take the one-time option of deciding 
to permanently opt-out of the inclusion of unrealized gains and losses on available for sale investment securities in its capital 
calculations.

Under the new standards, in order to be considered well-capitalized, the Bank must have a CET1 risk-based capital ratio of 
6.5% (new), a Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio of 8.0% (increased from 6.0%), a total risk-based capital ratio of 10.0% 
(unchanged) and a Tier 1 leverage capital ratio of 5.0% (unchanged).  At September 30, 2016 and 2015 the Bank exceeded all 
regulatory capital requirements.  The Bank was categorized as "well capitalized" at September 30, 2016 and 2015 under the 
regulations of the FDIC.

108

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements                                                                      ___________________________

Timberland Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary
September 30, 2016 and 2015

The following tables compare the Bank’s actual capital amounts at September 30, 2016 and 2015 to its minimum regulatory capital 
requirements and "Well Capitalized" regulatory capital at those dates (dollars in thousands):

September 30, 2016

Actual

Regulatory
Minimum To Be
"Adequately
Capitalized"

Amount

Ratio

Amount

Ratio

To Be "Well
Capitalized" Under
Prompt Corrective
Action Provisions
Ratio
Amount

Leverage Capital Ratio:
Tier 1 capital

Risk-based Capital Ratios:
Common equity tier 1 capital

Tier 1 capital

Total capital

$ 90,266

10.3% $ 35,183

4.0% $ 43,979

5.0%

90,266

90,266

98,158

14.3

14.3

15.6

28,318

37,758

50,344

4.5

6.0

8.0

40,904

50,344

6.5

8.0

62,930

10.0

September 30, 2015

Actual

Regulatory
Minimum To Be
"Adequately
Capitalized"

Amount

Ratio

Amount

Ratio

To Be "Well
Capitalized" Under
Prompt Corrective
Action Provisions
Ratio
Amount

Leverage Capital Ratio:
Tier 1 capital

Risk-based Capital Ratios:
Common equity tier 1 capital

Tier 1 capital

Total capital

$ 82,297

10.3% $ 32,006

4.0% $ 40,008

5.0%

82,297

82,297

89,986

13.4

13.4

14.7

27,568

36,758

49,010

4.5

6.0

8.0

39,821

49,010

6.5

8.0

61,263

10.0

Timberland Bancorp is a bank holding company registered with the Federal Reserve.  Bank holding companies are subject to 
capital adequacy requirements of the Federal Reserve under the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956, as amended, and the 
regulations of the Federal Reserve.  For a bank holding company with less than $1.0 billion in assets, the capital guidelines 
apply on a bank only basis, and the Federal Reserve expects the holding company's subsidiary bank to be well capitalized under 
the prompt corrective action regulations.  If Timberland Bancorp were subject to regulatory guidelines for bank holding 
companies with $1.0 billion or more in assets at September 30, 2016, Timberland Bancorp would have exceeded all regulatory 
requirements. 

The following table presents the regulatory capital ratios for Timberland Bancorp at September 30, 2016 and 2015 (dollars in 
thousands):

Leverage Capital Ratio:
Tier 1 capital

Risk-based Capital Ratios:
Common equity tier 1 capital

Tier 1 capital

Total capital

2016
Actual

2015
Actual

Amount

Ratio

Amount

Ratio

$

92,860

10.5% $

85,221

10.6%

14.8

14.8

16.0

85,221

85,221

92,911

13.9

13.9

15.2

92,860

92,860

100,755

109

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements                                                                      ___________________________

Timberland Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary
September 30, 2016 and 2015

Note 17 - Condensed Financial Information - Parent Company Only

Condensed Balance Sheets - September 30, 2016 and 2015 
(dollars in thousands)

Assets

Cash and cash equivalents:

Cash and due from financial institutions
Interest-bearing deposits in banks
      Total cash and cash equivalents

Loan receivable from ESOP
Investment in Bank
Other assets
Total assets

Liabilities and shareholders’ equity

Accrued expenses
Shareholders’ equity
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity

2016

2015

$

$

$

$

278
1,029
1,307

1,314
94,240
13
96,874

40
96,834
96,874

$

$

$

$

439
811
1,250

1,766
86,263
13
89,292

105
89,187
89,292

Condensed Statements of Income - Years Ended September 30, 2016, 2015 and 2014 
(dollars in thousands)

Operating income

Interest on deposits in banks
Interest on loan receivable from ESOP
Dividends from Bank
Total operating income

Operating expenses

Income before income taxes and equity in undistributed
    income of Bank
Benefit for income taxes

Income before undistributed income of Bank

Equity in undistributed income of Bank (dividends in excess of income of Bank)

Net income

Preferred stock dividends

Preferred stock discount accretion

Net income to common shareholders

2016

2015

2014

$

3
136
3,039
3,178

430

2,748
(183)

2,931

7,223

10,154

—

—

$

— $

173
2,698
2,871

445

2,426
(150)

2,576

5,716

8,292

—

—

$

10,154

$

8,292

$

—
206
13,190
13,396

409

12,987
(110)

13,097

(7,247)
5,850
(136)
(70)
5,644

110

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements                                                                      ___________________________

Timberland Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary
September 30, 2016 and 2015

Condensed Statements of Cash Flows - Years Ended September 30, 2016, 2015 and 2014 
(dollars in thousands)

Cash flows from operating activities

Net income 

  Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:

2016

2015

2014

$

10,154

$

8,292

$

5,850

    (Equity in undistributed income of Bank) dividends in excess
        of income of Bank
Earned ESOP shares
MRDP compensation expense
Stock option compensation expense
Stock option tax effect less excess tax benefit
Other, net
Net cash provided by operating activities

Cash flows from investing activities

Investment in Bank
Principal repayments on loan receivable from Bank
Net cash used in investing activities

Cash flows from financing activities

ESOP tax effect
MRDP compensation tax effect
Stock option excess tax benefit
Proceeds from exercise of stock options
Repurchase of preferred stock
Repurchase of common stock
Payment of dividends
Net cash used in financing activities

Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents

Beginning of period
End of period

(7,223)
265
—
153
12
(65)
3,296

(616)
452
(164)

139
—
25
159
—
(820)
(2,578)
(3,075)

57

(5,716)
264
—
125
1
162
3,128

(491)
417
(74)

72
—
1
30
—
(709)
(1,693)
(2,299)

755

7,247
264
2
104
4
(247)
13,224

(459)
382
(77)

64
2
4
23
(12,065)
—
(1,185)
(13,157)

(10)

1,250
1,307

$

495
1,250

$

$

505
495

111

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements                                                                      ___________________________

Timberland Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary
September 30, 2016 and 2015

Note 18 - Net Income Per Common Share

Information regarding the calculation of basic and diluted net income per common share for the years ended September 30, 2016, 
2015 and 2014 is as follows (dollars in thousands, except per share amounts):

Basic net income per common share computation

Numerator - net income to common shareholders

2016

2015

2014

$

10,154

$

8,292

$

5,644

  Denominator - weighted average common shares outstanding

6,842,614

6,897,270

6,856,730

Basic net income per common share

Diluted net income per common share computation

Numerator - net income to common shareholders

$

$

1.48

$

1.20

$

0.82

10,154

$

8,292

$

5,644

  Denominator - weighted average common shares outstanding

6,842,614

6,897,270

6,856,730

Effect of dilutive stock options
Effect of dilutive stock warrant

78,910
183,825

36,863
134,955

36,614
126,332

  Weighted average common shares outstanding-assuming dilution

7,105,349

7,069,088

7,019,676

Diluted net income per common share

$

1.43

$

1.17

$

0.80

For the years ended September 30, 2016, 2015 and 2014, average options to purchase 42,801, 155,152 and 131,489 shares of 
common stock, respectively, were outstanding but not included in the computation of diluted net income per common share 
because their effect would have been anti-dilutive. 

Note 19 - Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

The changes in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) ("AOCI") by component during the years ended September 30, 
2016, 2015 and 2014 are as follows (dollars in thousands):

Changes in fair 
value of available 
for sale securities [1]

Other-than-temporary 
impairment on held to 
maturity securities [1]

Total [1]

2016

Balance of AOCI at the beginning of period

Net change, net of income taxes

Balance of AOCI at the end of period

2015

Balance of AOCI at the beginning of period

Net change, net of income taxes

Balance of AOCI at the end of period

2014

Balance of AOCI at the beginning of period

Net change, net of income taxes

Balance of AOCI at the end of period

___________________
[1] All amounts are net of income taxes.

$

$

$

$

$

$

3

1

4

37
(34)
3

100
(63)
37

$

$

$

$

$

$

112

(316) $
137
(179) $

(376) $
60
(316) $

(462) $
86
(376) $

(313)
138
(175)

(339)
26
(313)

(362)
23
(339)

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements                                                                      ___________________________

Timberland Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary
September 30, 2016 and 2015

Note 20 - Fair Value Measurements

GAAP defines fair value and establishes a framework for measuring fair value.  Fair value is the price that would be received 
for an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date.  The 
three levels for categorizing assets and liabilities under GAAP's fair value measurement requirements are as follows:

Level 1: Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the reporting
entity has the ability to access at the measurement date.

Level 2: Significant observable inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1, such as quoted prices for 
similar (as opposed to identical) assets or liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or 
liabilities in markets that are not active, and inputs other than quoted prices that are observable or
can be corroborated by observable market data.

Level 3: Significant unobservable inputs that reflect a company’s own assumptions about the
assumptions market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability based on the best information
available in the circumstances.

The Company's assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis consist of investment securities available for sale.  The 
estimated fair value of MBS are based upon market prices of similar securities or observable inputs (Level 2).  The estimated 
fair value of mutual funds are based upon quoted market prices (Level 1).

The Company had no liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis at September 30, 2016 and 2015.  The Company's 
assets measured at estimated fair value on a recurring basis at September 30, 2016 and 2015 are as follows (dollars in 
thousands):

September 30, 2016
Available for sale investment securities

MBS: U.S. government agencies
Mutual funds
Total

September 30, 2015
Available for sale investment securities

MBS: U.S. government agencies
Mutual funds
Total

Level 1

Estimated Fair Value
Level 3
Level 2

Total

$

$

$

$

— $
976
976

$

— $
971
971

$

366
—
366

421
—
421

$

$

$

$

— $
—
— $

366
976
1,342

— $
—
— $

421
971
1,392

There were no transfers among Level 1, Level 2 and Level 3 during the years ended September 30, 2016 and 2015.

The Company may be required, from time to time, to measure certain assets and liabilities at fair value on a non-recurring basis 
in accordance with GAAP.  These include assets that are measured at the lower of cost or market value that were recognized at 
fair value below cost at the end of the period.

The Company uses the following methods and significant assumptions to estimate fair value of such assets on a non-recurring 
basis:

Impaired Loans: The estimated fair value of impaired loans is calculated using the collateral value method or on a 
discounted cash flow basis.  The specific reserve for collateral dependent impaired loans was based on the estimated 
fair value of the collateral less estimated costs to sell, if applicable.  In some cases, adjustments were made to the 

113

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements                                                                      ___________________________

Timberland Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary
September 30, 2016 and 2015

appraised values due to various factors including age of the appraisal, age of comparables included in the appraisal and 
known changes in the market and in the collateral. Such adjustments may be significant and typically result in a Level 
3 classification of the inputs for determining fair value. Impaired loans are evaluated on a quarterly basis for additional 
impairment and adjusted accordingly.

Investment Securities Held to Maturity: The estimated fair value of investment securities held to maturity are based 
upon the assumptions market participants would use in pricing the investment security.  Such assumptions include 
quoted market prices (Level 1), market prices of similar securities or observable inputs (Level 2) and unobservable 
inputs such as dealer quotes, discounted cash flows or similar techniques (Level 3).

OREO and Other Repossessed Assets, net:  OREO and other repossessed assets are recorded at estimated fair value 
less estimated costs to sell.  Estimated fair value was generally determined by management based on a number of 
factors, including third-party appraisals of estimated fair value in an orderly sale.  Estimated costs to sell are based on 
standard market factors.  The valuation of OREO and other repossessed assets is subject to significant external and 
internal judgment (Level 3).

The following table summarizes the balances of assets measured at estimated fair value on a non-recurring basis at September 
30, 2016 (dollars in thousands):

Impaired loans:

Mortgage loans:

One- to four-family
Commercial
Land

Consumer loans:

Home equity and second mortgage
Other
Total impaired loans

Investment securities – held to maturity:

MBS - Private label residential

OREO and other repossessed assets
Total

Estimated Fair Value

Level 1

Level 2

Level 3

$

$

— $
—
—

—

—

—
—
— $

— $
—
—

—

—

20
—
20

$

1,280
3,330
522

370
17
5,519

—
4,117
9,636

The following table presents quantitative information about Level 3 fair value measurements for financial instruments measured 
at fair value on a non-recurring basis as of September 30, 2016 (dollars in thousands):

Estimated
Fair Value

 Valuation
Technique(s)

Unobservable Input(s)

Range

Impaired loans

$

5,519 Market approach

OREO and other repossessed
assets

4,117 Market approach

Appraised value less selling
costs

Lower of appraised value or
listing price less selling costs

NA

NA

114

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements                                                                      ___________________________

Timberland Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary
September 30, 2016 and 2015

The following table summarizes the balances of assets measured at estimated fair value on a non-recurring basis at September 
30, 2015 (dollars in thousands):

Impaired loans:

Mortgage loans:

One- to four-family

Multi-family

Commercial

Land

Consumer loans:

Home equity and second mortgage

Other

Total impaired loans

Investment securities – held to maturity:

MBS - Private label residential

OREO and other repossessed assets
Total

Estimated Fair Value

Level 1

Level 2

Level 3

$

— $

— $

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

$

—
— $

—

—

—

—

—

—

31

—
31

$

2,663

3,261

5,388

654

383

12

12,361

—

7,854
20,215

The following table presents quantitative information about Level 3 fair value measurements for financial instruments measured 
at fair value on a non-recurring basis as of September 30, 2015 (dollars in thousands):

Estimated
Fair Value

Valuation 
Technique(s)

Unobservable Input(s)

Range

Impaired loans

$

12,361 Market approach

OREO and other repossessed
assets

7,854 Market approach

Appraised value less selling
costs

Lower of appraised value or
listing price less selling costs

NA

NA

GAAP requires disclosure of estimated fair values for financial instruments.  Such estimates are subjective in nature, and 
significant judgment is required regarding the risk characteristics of various financial instruments at a discrete point in 
time.  Therefore, such estimates could vary significantly if assumptions regarding uncertain factors were to change.  In addition, 
as the Company normally intends to hold the majority of its financial instruments until maturity, it does not expect to realize 
many of the estimated amounts disclosed.  The disclosures also do not include estimated fair value amounts for certain items 
which are not defined as financial instruments but which may have significant value.  The Company does not believe that it 
would be practicable to estimate a representational fair value for these types of items as of September 30, 2016 and 
2015.  Because GAAP excludes certain items from fair value disclosure requirements, any aggregation of the fair value 
amounts presented would not represent the underlying value of the Company.

The following methods and assumptions were used by the Company in estimating fair value of its other financial instruments:

Cash and Cash Equivalents:  The estimated fair value of financial instruments that are short-term or re-price frequently 
and that have little or no risk are considered to have an estimated fair value equal to the recorded value.

CDs Held for Investment:  The estimated fair value of financial instruments that are short-term or re-price frequently 
and that have little or no risk are considered to have an estimated fair value equal to the recorded value.

Investment Securities:  See descriptions above.

115

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements                                                                      ___________________________

Timberland Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary
September 30, 2016 and 2015

FHLB Stock:  No ready market exists for this stock, and it has no quoted market value.  However, redemption of this 
stock has historically been at par value.  Accordingly, par value is deemed to be a reasonable estimate of fair value.

Loans Receivable, Net:  The fair value of non-impaired loans is estimated by discounting the future cash flows using 
the current rates at which similar loans would be made to borrowers for the same remaining maturities.  Prepayments 
are based on the historical experience of the Bank.  Fair values for impaired loans are estimated using the methods 
described above.

Loans Held for Sale:  The estimated fair value is based on quoted market prices (for one- to four-family loans) and the 
guaranteed value of SBA loans (made to small businesses under SBA's 7(a) loan programs).  Quoted market prices are 
obtained from Freddie Mac.

Accrued Interest:  The recorded amount of accrued interest approximates the estimated fair value.

Deposits:  The estimated fair value of deposits with no stated maturity date is deemed to be the amount payable on 
demand.  The estimated fair value of fixed maturity certificates of deposit is computed by discounting future cash 
flows using the rates currently offered by the Bank for deposits of similar remaining maturities.

FHLB Borrowings:  The estimated fair value of FHLB borrowings is computed by discounting the future cash flows of 
the borrowings at a rate which approximates the current offering rate of the borrowings with a comparable remaining 
life.

Off-Balance-Sheet Instruments:  Since the majority of the Company’s off-balance-sheet instruments consist of 
variable-rate commitments, the Company has determined that they do not have a distinguishable estimated fair value.

The recorded amounts and estimated fair values of financial instruments were as follows as of September 30, 2016 (dollars in 
thousands):

Financial Assets

Cash and cash equivalents
CDs held for investment
Investment securities
FHLB stock
Loans receivable, net
Loans held for sale
Accrued interest receivable

Financial Liabilities

Deposits:

Non-interest bearing demand
Interest-bearing

Total deposits

FHLB borrowings
Accrued interest payable

 Recorded
Amount

Estimated
Fair Value

Fair Value Measurements Using:

 Level 1

Level 2

 Level 3

$

$

108,941
53,000
8,853
2,204
663,146
3,604
2,348

172,283
589,251
761,534
30,000
247

$

108,941
53,000
9,737
2,204
671,017
3,714
2,348

172,283
589,762
762,045
30,684
247

108,941
53,000
4,029
2,204
—
3,714
2,348

172,283
441,277
613,560
—
247

$

— $
—
5,708
—
—
—
—

—
—
—
—
671,017
—
—

—
—
—
30,684
—

—
148,485
148,485
—
—

116

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements                                                                      ___________________________

Timberland Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary
September 30, 2016 and 2015

The recorded amounts and estimated fair values of financial instruments were as follows as of September 30, 2015 (dollars in 
thousands):

Financial Assets

Cash and cash equivalents
CDs held for investment
Investment securities
FHLB stock
Loans receivable, net
Loans held for sale
Accrued interest receivable

Financial Liabilities

Deposits:

Non-interest bearing demand
Interest-bearing

Total deposits

FHLB borrowings
Accrued interest payable

 Recorded
Amount

Estimated
Fair Value

Fair Value Measurements Using:

 Level 1

Level 2

 Level 3

$

$

92,289
48,611
9,305
2,699
604,277
3,051
2,170

141,388
537,524
678,912
45,000
289

92,289
48,611
10,286
2,699
614,734
3,139
2,170

141,388
538,092
679,480
46,742
289

$

$

92,289
48,611
3,996
2,699
—
3,139
2,170

— $
—
6,290
—
—
—
—

—
—
—
—
614,734
—
—

141,388
383,419
524,807
—
289

—
—
—
46,742
—

—
154,673
154,673
—
—

The Company assumes interest rate risk (the risk that general interest rate levels will change) as a result of its normal 
operations.  As a result, the estimated fair value of the Company’s financial instruments will change when interest rate levels 
change, and that change may either be favorable or unfavorable to the Company.  Management attempts to match maturities of 
assets and liabilities to the extent believed necessary to appropriately manage interest rate risk.  However, borrowers with fixed 
interest rate obligations are less likely to prepay in a rising interest rate environment and more likely to prepay in a falling 
interest rate environment.  Conversely, depositors who are receiving fixed interest rates are more likely to withdraw funds 
before maturity in a rising interest rate environment and less likely to do so in a falling interest rate environment.  Management 
monitors interest rates and maturities of assets and liabilities, and attempts to manage interest rate risk by adjusting terms of 
new loans and deposits and by investing in securities with terms that mitigate the Company’s overall interest rate risk.

117

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements                                                                      ___________________________

Timberland Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary
September 30, 2016 and 2015

Note 21 - Selected Quarterly Financial Data (Unaudited)

The following selected financial data is presented for the quarters ended (dollars in thousands, except per share amounts):

Interest and dividend income
Interest expense
Net interest income

Non-interest income
Non-interest expense

Income before federal income taxes

Provision for federal income taxes
Net income

Net income per common share

Basic (1)
Diluted (1)

$

September 30,
2016
8,938
(1,132)
7,806

3,109
(6,961)

3,954

1,255
2,699

0.40
0.38

$

$
$

$

$

$
$

June 30,
2016
8,596
(980)
7,616

2,749
(6,568)

3,797

1,250
2,547

0.37
0.36

$

$

$
$

March 31,
2016
8,650
(979)
7,671

$

December 31,
2015
8,691
(981)
7,710

2,513
(6,629)

3,555

1,175
2,380

0.35
0.34

$

$
$

2,518
(6,479)

3,749

1,221
2,528

0.37
0.36

__________________________________________
(1) The net income per common share amounts for the quarters do not add to the total for the fiscal year due to rounding.

Interest and dividend income
Interest expense
Net interest income

Recapture of loan losses (1)
Non-interest income
Non-interest expense

Income before federal income taxes

Provision for federal income taxes
Net income

Net income per common share

Basic
Diluted (2)

$

September 30,
2015
8,008
(984)
7,024

(1,525)
2,662
(6,693)

4,518

1,563
2,955

0.43
0.42

$

$
$

June 30,
2015
7,947
(963)
6,984

—
2,523
(6,220)

3,287

1,128
2,159

0.31
0.31

$

$

$
$

March 31,
2015
7,527
(960)
6,567

$

December 31,
2014
7,686
(983)
6,703

—
2,214
(6,654)

2,127

676
1,451

0.21
0.21

$

$
$

—
2,123
(6,274)

2,552

825
1,727

0.25
0.24

$

$

$
$

__________________________________________
(1) During the quarter ended September 30, 2015, the Company recorded a $1,525 recapture of loan losses, primarily as a result 
of significant recoveries on loans which had previously been charged off in prior years and improvements in other credit quality 
metrics.
(2) The net income per common share amounts for the quarters do not add to the total for the fiscal year due to rounding.

118

 
 
Item 9.  Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure

None.

Item 9A.  Controls and Procedures

(a)           Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures: An evaluation of the Company’s disclosure controls and 
procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”)) was carried out under the 
supervision and with the participation of the Company’s Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer and several other members 
of the Company’s senior management as of the end of the period covered by this annual report.  The Company’s Chief Executive 
Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that as of September 30, 2016 the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures 
were effective in ensuring that the information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports it files or submits under 
the Exchange Act is (i) accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management (including the Chief Executive Officer 
and Chief Financial Officer) in a timely manner, and (ii) recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods 
specified in the SEC’s rules and forms.

(b)           Changes in Internal Controls:  There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as 
defined in 13a-15(f) of the Exchange Act) that occurred during the quarter ended September 30, 2016, that have materially affected, 
or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.  The Company continued, however, to 
implement suggestions from its internal auditor and independent auditor on ways to strengthen existing controls.  The Company 
does not expect that its disclosure controls and procedures and internal controls over financial reporting will prevent all errors and 
fraud.  A control procedure, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that 
the objectives of the control procedure are met.  Because of the inherent limitations in all control procedures, no evaluation of 
controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within the Company have been 
detected.  These inherent limitations include the realities that judgments in decision-making can be faulty, and that breakdowns 
in controls or procedures can occur because of simple error or mistake.  Additionally, controls can be circumvented by the individual 
acts of some persons, by collusion of two or more people, or by management override of the control.  The design of any control 
procedure is based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any 
design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions; over time, controls become inadequate 
because of changes in conditions, or the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.  Because of the 
inherent limitations in a cost-effective control procedure, misstatements due to error or fraud may occur and not be detected.

Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

Management of Timberland Bancorp, Inc. and subsidiary (the “Company”) is responsible for establishing and maintaining 
adequate internal control over financial reporting. The Company's internal control over financial reporting was designed to provide 
reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes 
in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles.

To  comply  with  the  requirements  of  Section  404  of  the  Sarbanes-Oxley Act  of  2002,  the  Company  designed  and 
implemented a structured and comprehensive assessment process to evaluate its internal control over financial reporting across 
the enterprise. The assessment of the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting was based on criteria 
established  in  Internal  Control-Integrated  Framework  (2013)  issued  by  the  Committee  of  Sponsoring  Organizations  of  the 
Treadway Commission.

Because of its inherent limitations, including the possibility of human error and the circumvention of overriding controls, 
a  system  of  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  can  provide  only  reasonable  assurance  and  may  not  prevent  or  detect 
misstatements.  Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may 
become  inadequate  because  of  changes  in  conditions,  or  that  the  degree  of  compliance  with  the  policies  or  procedures  may 
deteriorate.  Based on its assessment, management has concluded that the Company's internal control over financial reporting was 
effective as of September 30, 2016.

The effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting as of September 30, 2016, has been audited by Delap LLP, 
the independent registered public accounting firm who also audited the Company's consolidated financial statements. Delap LLP's 
attestation report on the Company's internal control over financial reporting follows.

The management of the Company has assessed the Company's compliance with the Federal laws and regulations pertaining 
to insider loans and the Federal and, if applicable, State laws and regulations pertaining to dividend restrictions during the fiscal 
119

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
year that ended on September 30, 2016.  Management has concluded that the Company complied with the Federal laws and 
regulations pertaining to insider loans and the Federal and, if applicable, State laws and regulations.

Date: December 9, 2016 

/s/ Michael R. Sand
Michael R. Sand 
President and Chief Executive Officer

/s/ Dean J. Brydon
Dean J. Brydon
Chief Financial Officer

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm                                                                           

To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of 
Timberland Bancorp, Inc.

We  have  audited  the  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  of Timberland  Bancorp,  Inc.  and  Subsidiary  (collectively,  "the 
Company") as of September 30, 2016, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by 
the  Committee  of  Sponsoring  Organizations  of  the  Treadway  Commission.    The  Company's  management  is  responsible  for 
maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over 
financial  reporting  included  in  the  accompanying  Management's  Report  on  Internal  Control  Over  Financial  Reporting.    Our 
responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's internal control over financial reporting based on our audit.

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States).  
Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control 
over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects.  Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included 
obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and 
testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk.  Our audit also included 
performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances.  We believe that our audit provides a reasonable 
basis for our opinion.

A company's internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability 
of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted 
accounting principles.  A company's internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain 
to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets 
of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit the preparation of financial 
statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are 
being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable 
assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company's assets that 
could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because  of  its  inherent  limitations,  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  may  not  prevent  or  detect  misstatements.   Also, 
projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because 
of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of September 
30, 2016, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring 
Organizations of the Treadway Commission.

We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the 
Company's consolidated balance sheet as of September 30, 2016, and the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive 
income,  shareholders'  equity,  and  cash  flows  for  the  year  then  ended,  and  our  report  dated  December  9,  2016,  expressed  an 
unqualified opinion on those consolidated financial statements.

/s/ Delap LLP

Lake Oswego, Oregon
December 9, 2016

120

Item 9B.  Other Information

None.

Item 10.  Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance

PART III

The information required by this item is contained under the section captioned “Proposal I - Election of Directors” in the 
Company’s Definitive Proxy Statement for the 2016 Annual Meeting of Stockholders (“Proxy Statement”) and is incorporated 
herein by reference.

For information regarding the executive officers of the Company and the Bank, see “Item 1.  Business - Executive Officers 

of the Registrant.”

Compliance with Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act

The information required by this item is contained under the section captioned “Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership 

Reporting Compliance” included  in the Company’s Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference.

Audit Committee Matters and Audit Committee Financial Expert

The  Company  has  a  separately  designated  standing  Audit  Committee,  composed  of  Directors  Stoney, Smith  and 
Goldberg.  Each member of the Audit Committee is “independent” as defined in the Nasdaq Stock Market listing standards.  The 
Company’s Board of Directors has designated Director Stoney as the Audit Committee financial expert, as defined in the SEC’s 
Regulation  S-K.  Directors  Stoney,  Smith  and  Goldberg  are  independent  as  that  term  is  used  in  Item  7(c)  of  Schedule  14A 
promulgated under the Exchange Act.

Code of Ethics

The Board of Directors ratified its Code of Ethics for the Company’s officers (including its senior financial officers), 
directors and employees during the year ended September 30, 2016.  The Code of Ethics requires the Company’s officers, directors 
and employees to maintain the highest standards of professional conduct.  The Company’s Code of Ethics was filed as an exhibit 
to  its  Annual  Report  on  Form  10-K  for  the  year  ended  September  30,  2003  and  is  available  on  our  website  at 
www.timberlandbank.com.

Nomination Procedures

There have been no material changes to the procedures by which stockholders may recommend nominees to the Company’s 

Board of Directors.

Item 11.    Executive Compensation

The information required by this item is contained under the sections captioned “Executive Compensation” and “Directors’ 

Compensation” included in the Company’s Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference.

Item 12.    Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters

(a) 

Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners.

The information required by this item is contained under the section captioned “Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners 
and Management” included in the Company’s Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference.

(b) 

Security Ownership of Management.

The information required by this item is contained under the sections captioned “Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners 
and Management” and “Proposal I - Election of Directors” included in the Company’s Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein 
by reference.

121

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(c)           Changes In Control.

The Company is not aware of any arrangements, including any pledge by any person of securities of the Company, the operation 
of which may at a subsequent date result in a change in control of the Company.

(d)           Equity Compensation Plan Information.  The following table summarizes share and exercise price information 

about the Company’s equity compensation plans as of September 30, 2016.

Plan category

Equity compensation plans
 approved by security holders:

2003 Stock Option Plan

 Timberland Bancorp, Inc. 2014
Equity Incentive Plan

Equity compensation plans
 not approved by security holders

Total

Number of securities to be
issued upon exercise of
outstanding options,
warrants and rights
(a)

Weighted-average exercise
price of outstanding
options, warrants and
rights
(b)

Number of securities
remaining available for
future issuance under
equity compensation plans
(excluding securities
reflected in column (a))
(c)

193,680

$

179,450

$

—

373,130

$

7.63

12.19

—

9.82

—

171,116

—

171,116

Item 13.    Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence

The information required by this item is contained under the sections captioned “Meetings and Committees of the Board of 
Directors And Corporate Governance Matters - Corporate Governance - Related Party Transactions” and “Meetings and 
Committees of the Board of Directors and Corporate Governance Matters - Corporate Governance - Director Independence” 
included in the Company's Proxy Statement and are incorporated herein by reference.

Item 14.  Principal Accounting Fees and Services

The information required by this item is contained under the section captioned “Proposal 3-Ratification of Selection of 
Independent Auditor” included in the Company’s Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference.

122

 
 
 
 
 
 
Item 15.  Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules

PART IV

(a)      Exhibits

Articles of Incorporation of the Registrant (1) 

Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Registrant (2) 

Warrant to purchase shares of Company’s common stock dated December 23, 2008 (3) 

Letter Agreement (including Securities Purchase Agreement Standard Terms attached as Exhibit A) dated December
23, 2008 between the Company and the United States Department of the Treasury (3)

Employee Severance Compensation Plan, as revised (4) 

Employee Stock Ownership Plan (4) 

1999 Stock Option Plan (5) 

3.1

3.3

4.1

4.2

10.1

10.2

10.3

10.4 Management Recognition and Development Plan (5) 

10.5

10.6

10.7
10.8

10.9

10.10

10.11

2003 Stock Option Plan (6) 

Form of Incentive Stock Option Agreement (7) 

Form of Non-qualified Stock Option Agreement (7) 
Form of Management Recognition and Development Award Agreement (7) 

Employment Agreement with Michael R. Sand (8)

Employment Agreement with Dean J. Brydon (8)

Timberland Bancorp, Inc. 2014 Equity Incentive Plan (9)

14 Code of Ethics (10)
21 Subsidiaries of the Registrant*

23.1 Consent of Delap LLP*
31.1 Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act*
31.2 Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act*

32 Certification Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act*
101 The following materials from Timberland Bancorp, Inc.’s  Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended

September 30, 2016, formatted in Extensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL): (a) Consolidated Balance
Sheets; (b) Consolidated Statements of Income; (c) Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income; (d)
Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity; (e) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows; and (f) Notes to
Consolidated Financial Statements

____________
* 

Copies of these exhibits are available upon written request to Dean J. Brydon, Secretary, Timberland Bancorp, Inc.,
624 Simpson Avenue, Hoquiam, Washington 98550.
Filed as an exhibit to the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form S-1 (333-35817) and incorporated by reference.
Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed April 29, 2010.
Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on December 23, 2008.
Incorporated by reference to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K filed April 16, 2007.
Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended December 31, 
1997; and to the Registrant's Current Report of Form 8-K dated April 13, 2007.
Incorporated by reference to the Registrant's 2004 Annual Meeting Proxy Statement dated December 24, 2003. 
Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.2 included in the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 
(333-1161163)
Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Current Report of Form 8-K filed on March 29, 2013. 
Attached as Appendix A to the Registrant's Annual Meeting Proxy Statement filed on December 19, 2014.
Incorporated by reference to the Registrant's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended September 30, 2003.

(1) 
(2) 
(3) 
(4) 
(5) 

(6) 
(7) 

(8) 
(9) 
(10) 

Item 16. Form 10-K Summary

None.

123

 
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly 

caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

SIGNATURES

Date: December 9, 2016

TIMBERLAND BANCORP, INC.

By:

 /s/Michael R. Sand
Michael R. Sand
President and Chief Executive Officer

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the 

following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

SIGNATURES

/s/Michael R. Sand
Michael R. Sand

/s/Jon C. Parker
Jon C. Parker

/s/Dean J. Brydon
Dean J. Brydon

/s/Andrea M. Clinton
Andrea M. Clinton

/s/Larry D. Goldberg
Larry D. Goldberg

  /s/James C. Mason
James C. Mason

/s/David A. Smith
David A. Smith

/s/Michael J. Stoney
Michael J. Stoney

TITLE

President, Chief Executive Officer and
Director
(Principal Executive Officer)

Chairman of the Board

Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

Director

Director

Director

Director

Director

DATE

December 9, 2016

December 9, 2016

December 9, 2016

December 9, 2016

December 9, 2016

December 9, 2016

December 9, 2016

December 9, 2016

124

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS 
TIMBERLAND BANCORP, INC.

OFFICERS: 

Michael R. Sand
President and Chief Executive Officer

Edward C. Foster
Executive Vice President

Marci A. Basich
Senior Vice President

Dean J. Brydon
Executive Vice President

Robert A. Drugge
Executive Vice President

Jonathan A. Fischer
Executive Vice President

DIRECTORS:
DIRECTORS:

Jon C. Parker is Chairman of the Board of the Company and the Bank.  Mr. Parker is the majority 
Jon C. Parker is Chairman of the Board of the Company and the Bank.  Mr. Parker is the majority 
shareholder/owner of the law firm Parker, Winkelman & Parker, P.S., Hoquiam, Washington, which serves 
shareholder/owner of the law firm Parker, Winkelman & Parker, P.S., Hoquiam, Washington, which serves 
as general counsel to the Bank and the Company.
as general counsel to the Bank and the Company.

Michael R. Sand has been affiliated with the Bank since 1977 and has served as President of the Bank 
Michael R. Sand has been affiliated with the Bank since 1977 and has served as President of the Bank 
and the Company since January 23, 2003.  On September 30, 2003, he was appointed as Chief Executive 
and the Company since January 23, 2003.  On September 30, 2003, he was appointed as Chief Executive 
Officer of the Bank and Company.  Prior to appointment as President and Chief Executive Officer, Mr. 
Officer of the Bank and Company.  Prior to appointment as President and Chief Executive Officer, Mr. 
Sand had served as Executive Vice President of the Bank since 1993 and as Executive Vice President of 
Sand had served as Executive Vice President of the Bank since 1993 and as Executive Vice President of 
the Company since its formation in 1997.
the Company since its formation in 1997.

Andrea M. Clinton, an interior designer, is the owner of AMC Interiors at Home and AMC Interiors, 
Andrea M. Clinton, an interior designer, is the owner of AMC Interiors at Home and AMC Interiors, 
both of which are located in Olympia, Washington.
both of which are located in Olympia, Washington.

Larry D. Goldberg is the retired principal partner of Goldberg Furniture Company, Aberdeen, 
Larry D. Goldberg is the retired principal partner of Goldberg Furniture Company, Aberdeen, 
Washington.  
Washington.  

James C. Mason is the President and owner of the following companies: Mason Timber Inc., Mason 
James C. Mason is the President and owner of the following companies: Mason Timber Inc., Mason 
Trucking Inc., Masco Petroleum Inc., Aloha Jet Inc., Mason Aviation, Inc., Trailer Services Inc., Mason 
Trucking Inc., Masco Petroleum Inc., Aloha Jet Inc., Mason Aviation, Inc., Trailer Services Inc., Mason 
Properties LLC, Masco Maritime LLC, Grass Island LLC, Masco Oil Warehouse LLC, 110 Commerce 
Properties LLC, Masco Maritime LLC, Grass Island LLC, Masco Oil Warehouse LLC, 110 Commerce 
Street LLC, 1100 Basich Blvd LLC, 954 Anderson Drive LLC, 2012 Ind Pkwy LLC, 1020 Anderson Dr. 
Street LLC, 1100 Basich Blvd LLC, 954 Anderson Drive LLC, 2012 Ind Pkwy LLC, 1020 Anderson Dr. 
LLC, 1104 Basich Blvd LLC, 200 Myrtle LLC, Shelton Renal Care LLC, Holand Center, Inc., Masco 
LLC, 1104 Basich Blvd LLC, 200 Myrtle LLC, Shelton Renal Care LLC, Holand Center, Inc., Masco 
Properties LLC and Rainier Jet LLC, all of which are headquartered in Western Washington.
Properties LLC and Rainier Jet LLC, all of which are headquartered in Western Washington.

David A. Smith is a pharmacist and the owner of Harbor Drug, Inc., a retail pharmacy located in 
David A. Smith is a pharmacist and the owner of Harbor Drug, Inc., a retail pharmacy located in 
Hoquiam, Washington.
Hoquiam, Washington.

Michael J. Stoney, a Certified Public Accountant, is a member of the accounting firm Easter & Stoney, 
Michael J. Stoney, a Certified Public Accountant, is a member of the accounting firm Easter & Stoney, 
P.S., with offices in Elma and Aberdeen, Washington. 
P.S., with offices in Elma and Aberdeen, Washington. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CORPORATE INFORMATION

MAIN OFFICE 

INDEPENDENT AUDITORS

624 Simpson Avenue 
Hoquiam, Washington 98550 
Telephone: (360) 533-4747 

GENERAL COUNSEL 

Parker, Winkelman & Parker, PS 
Hoquiam, Washington 

TRANSFER AGENT

Delap LLP 
Lake Oswego, Oregon

SPECIAL COUNSEL

Breyer & Associates PC
McLean, Virginia

For shareholder inquiries concerning dividend checks, transferring ownership, address changes or lost or 
stolen certificates please contact our transfer agent:

American Stock Transfer & Trust Company
59 Maiden Lane
New York, New York 10038
(800) 937-5449

ANNUAL MEETING

The Annual Meeting of Shareholders will be held at The Polson Museum, 1611 Riverside Avenue, 
Hoquiam, WA 98550 on Tuesday, January 24, 2017 at 1:00 p.m., Pacific Time.

 
 
 
 
 
 
[ THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK ]

[ THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK ]

PLANT 

FutureHERE

YOUR

2016 Annual Report

Hoquiam 
624 Simpson Ave.
Hoquiam, WA  98550
(360) 533-4747

Ocean Shores 
361 Damon Rd. 
Ocean Shores, WA  98569
(360) 289-2476

Downtown Aberdeen 
117 N. Broadway 
Aberdeen, WA 98520
(360) 533-4500

South Aberdeen 
300 N. Boone St. 
Aberdeen, WA 98520
(360) 533-6440

Montesano 
210 S. Main St.
Montesano, WA 98563
(360) 249-4021

Elma
313 W. Waldrip 
Elma, WA 98541
(360) 482-3333

Toledo
101 Ramsey Way
Toledo, WA 98591
(360) 864-6102

Winlock
209 NE 1st St. 
Winlock, WA 98596
(360) 785-3552

Chehalis
714 W. Main St.
Chehalis, WA 98532
(360) 740-0770

Tumwater 
801 Trosper Rd. SW 
Tumwater, WA 98512
(360) 705-2863 

Olympia
423 Washington St. SE
Olympia, WA 98501
(360) 943-5496 

Panorama
1751 Circle Lane SE
Lacey, WA 98503
(360) 413-3891

www.timberlandbank.com

Lacey
1201 Marvin Rd. NE
Lacey, WA 98516
(360) 438-1400

Yelm 
101 Yelm Ave. W.
Yelm, WA 98597
(360) 458-2221

Bethel Station
2419 224th St. E.
Spanaway, WA 98387
(253) 875-4250

Tacoma 
7805 S. Hosmer St. 
Tacoma, WA 98408
(253) 472-4465

Gig Harbor 
3105 Judson St.
Gig Harbor, WA 98335 
(253) 851-1188

Silverdale
2401 NW Bucklin Hill Rd.
Silverdale, WA 98383
(360) 337-7727

Puyallup (South Hill)
12814 Meridian E.
Puyallup, WA 98373
(253) 841-4980

Poulsbo 
20464 Viking Way NW
Poulsbo, WA 98370 
(360) 598-5801

Edgewood (North Hill)
2418 Meridian E. 
Edgewood, WA 98371
(253) 845-0999

Auburn
202 Auburn Way S.
Auburn, WA 98002
(253) 804-6177