Quarterlytics / Financial Services / Banks - Regional / Timberland Bancorp, Inc. / FY2018 Annual Report

Timberland Bancorp, Inc.
Annual Report 2018

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FY2018 Annual Report · Timberland Bancorp, Inc.
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2018 Annual Report

South Sound Bank 

a division of  

Timberland Bank  

West Olympia

2850 Harrison Ave. NW

Olympia, WA 98502

(360) 705-4200 

Downtown Lacey

4530 Lacey Blvd SE

Lacey, WA 98503

(360) 528-4200

Edgewood  

(North Hill)

2418 Meridian E. 

Edgewood, WA 98371

(253) 845-0999

Auburn

202 Auburn Way S.

Auburn, WA 98002

(253) 804-6177

Tacoma 

7805 S. Hosmer St. 

Tacoma, WA 98408

(253) 472-4465

Gig Harbor 

3105 Judson St.

Gig Harbor, WA 98335 

(253) 851-1188

Silverdale

2401 NW Bucklin Hill Rd.

Silverdale, WA 98383

(360) 337-7727

Poulsbo 

20464 Viking Way NW

Poulsbo, WA 98370 

(360) 598-5801

Hoquiam 

624 Simpson Ave.

Hoquiam, WA  98550

(360) 533-4747

Ocean Shores 

361 Damon Rd. 

Ocean Shores, WA  98569

(360) 289-2476

Chehalis

714 W. Main St.

Chehalis, WA 98532

(360) 740-0770

Tumwater 

801 Trosper Rd. SW 

Tumwater, WA 98512

(360) 705-2863

Downtown Aberdeen 

Olympia

117 N. Broadway 

Aberdeen, WA 98520

(360) 533-4500

South Aberdeen 

300 N. Boone St. 

Aberdeen, WA 98520

(360) 533-6440

Montesano 

210 S. Main St.

Montesano, WA 98563

(360) 249-4021

Elma

313 W. Waldrip 

Elma, WA 98541

(360) 482-3333

Toledo

101 Ramsey Way

Toledo, WA 98591

(360) 864-6102

Winlock

209 NE 1st St. 

Winlock, WA 98596

(360) 785-3552

423 Washington St. SE

Olympia, WA 98501

(360) 943-5496 

Panorama

1751 Circle Lane SE

Lacey, WA 98503

(360) 413-3891

Lacey

1201 Marvin Rd. NE

Lacey, WA 98516

(360) 438-1400

Yelm 

101 Yelm Ave. W.

Yelm, WA 98597

(360) 458-2221

Bethel Station

2419 224th St. E.

Spanaway, WA 98387

(253) 875-4250

Puyallup (South Hill)

12814 Meridian E.

Puyallup, WA 98373

(253) 841-4980

www.timberlandbank.com

PLANT 
YOUR

FutureHERE

Aberdeen
(2 branches)

Lewis

Winlock

Toledo

Gig Harbor

Elma

Lacey
(3 branches)

Olympia (2 branches)

Chehalis

Dear Fellow Shareholders of Timberland Bancorp, Inc.:

On behalf of the Directors and Employees of Timberland Bancorp, Inc. and its 
subsidiary, Timberland Bank, it is my privilege to invite you to attend the annual 
meeting for our fiscal year ended September 30, 2018.  The meeting will be convened 
January 22, 2019 at the Hoquiam Grand Central building located at 427 7th Street in 
Hoquiam, Washington.  The meeting will begin promptly at 1:00 p.m.  During the 
meeting we will review the Company’s operating results for the recently concluded 
fiscal year, conduct an election of Directors, vote on other matters described in the 
proxy statement and respond to questions from shareholders.  

Please review the contents of the attached Form 10-K prior to the meeting to acquaint 
yourself with the Company’s 2018 fiscal year financial performance.  A portion of the 
year’s financial highlights are noted below.  

Michael R. Sand

Fiscal year 2018 marked the 8th consecutive year the Company increased earnings per share, return on equity, return 
on assets and net income.  Continued loan and deposit growth combined with net interest margin expansion and the 
employment of a 24.5% blended federal income tax rate contributed to the strong financial performance achieved for 
the fiscal year.  In consideration of the Company’s strong and consistent earnings and strong capital position the 
Company’s Board of Directors twice this year declared special dividends of $0.10 per share.  These special dividends 
were in addition to four regular quarterly dividends declared of $0.13 per share during the year.  The aggregate result of 
these dividends was a return to shareholders of $0.72 per share for the four quarter period.

For fiscal 2018 we achieved the following compared to our 2017 fiscal year:

• Increased net income 18% to $16.72 million
• Increased earnings per diluted share 16% to $2.22 from $1.92

• Increased return on assets 11% to 1.70% from 1.53%
• Increased return on equity to 14.27% from 13.65%

• Increased net interest margin to 4.23% from 4.07%
• Improved the efficiency ratio to 56.55% from 57.92%

• Increased the Company’s book value per share to $16.84 from $15.08
• Increased the Company’s tangible book value per share to $16.08 from $14.31

On May 22, 2018, we reached an agreement with the board of directors of Olympia based South Sound Bank to acquire 
the company.  The acquisition closed October 1, 2018, the day after the conclusion of our 2018 fiscal year and 
immediately expanded our presence along Washington State’s economically important I-5 corridor.  Coincidentally, on 
October 1, 2018, Timberland’s federal income tax rate decreased 14.3% to 21.0% from the 24.5% blended tax rate 
applicable during the fiscal year ended September 30, 2018.

We are pleased to report the Company’s continued strong financial performance to you and thank you for participating 
as a shareholder in the success of our Company.  Please make plans to attend our annual meeting.  We look forward to 
visiting with you there and wish you the best this holiday season.

Sincerely,

Michael R. Sand
President and CEO

FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS
TIMBERLAND BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY

The following table presents selected financial information concerning the consolidated financial position and results of operations of 
Timberland Bancorp, Inc. ("Company") at and for the dates indicated.  The consolidated data is derived in part from, and should  be 
read in conjunction with, the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Company and its subsidiary presented herein.  (Dollars in 
thousands except share data)

Total Assets

$1,018,290

$952,024

$891,388

2018 

2017 

2016

Loans Receivable, Net

$725,391

$690,364

$663,146

2018 

2017 

2016

SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
Total Assets 
Loans Receivable, Net 
Total Deposits 
Shareholders’ Equity

September 30,

2018

2017

2016

$ 1,018,290
725,391
889,506
124,657

$  952,024
690,364
837,898
111,000

$  891,388
663,146
761,534
96,834

OPERATING DATA
Interest and Dividend Income
Interest Expense
  Net Interest Income
Recapture of Loan Losses
     Net Interest Income after Recapture of Loan Losses
Non-Interest Income
Non-Interest Expense 

Income before Income Taxes

Provision for Income Taxes
Net Income

$ 

41,833
2,778
39,055
–
39,055
12,544
29,177
22,422
5,701

$ 

38,338
3,197
35,141
(1,250)
36,391
12,368
27,516
21,243
7,076

$ 

34,875
4,072
30,803
–
30,803
10,889
26,637
15,055
4,901

$ 

16,721

$ 

14,167

$ 

10,154

Total Deposits

$889,506

$837,898

$761,534

NET INCOME PER COMMON SHARE
Basic
Diluted

$ 

2.28
2.22

$ 

$ 

1.99
1.92

1.48
1.43

2018 

2017 

2016

Net Income

$16,721

$14,167

KEY FINANCIAL RATIOS
Return on Average Assets 
Return on Average Equity 
Net Interest Margin 
Efficiency Ratio 
Non-Performing Assets to Total Assets (1) 
Total Equity-to-Assets 

$10,154

__________________

1.70% 

1.53% 

1.19%

 14.27 
4.23 
56.55 
0.36 
12.24 

  13.65 
4.07 
57.92 
0.60 
11.66 

 11.00
3.88
63.89
0.88
10.86

2018 

2017 

2016

(1) Non-performing assets include non-accrual loans, loans past due 90 days or more and still accruing,
      non-accrual investment securities, other real estate owned and other repossessed assets.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2018 FORM 10-K

We have included our Form 10-K, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, 
with our annual report to give you more complete information about our Company.  A table 
of contents can be found facing page one.

Written requests to obtain a copy of any exhibit listed in Part IV should be sent to 
Timberland Bancorp, Inc., 624 Simpson Avenue, Hoquiam, Washington 98550, attention: 
Investor Relations Department.

“is Page Intentionally Lef ꢀlank”

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

[X] ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

  For the Fiscal Year Ended September 30, 2018                                                    OR

[   ]

TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF
1934

Commission File Number: 0-23333

TIMBERLAND BANCORP, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Washington
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)

91-1863696
(I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)

624 Simpson Avenue, Hoquiam, Washington
             (Address of principal executive offices)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code:

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

98550
(Zip Code)

(360) 533-4747

  Common Stock, par value $.01 per share
 (Title of Each Class)

 The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC
(Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:

None

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities     

Act.    YES            NO    X

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the  

Act.     YES           NO    X    

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities 
Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), 
and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.  YES   X      NO      

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted 
pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the 
registrant was required to submit such files)   YES   X    NO      

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (§229.405 of this chapter) is 

not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements 
incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K.         

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a 
smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company.  See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” 
“smaller reporting company” and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act:

  Large accelerated filer [ ]
Non-accelerated filer [ ] 
Emerging growth company [ ]

Accelerated filer [X]
Smaller reporting company [X]

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for 
complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.     [_]

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act).  YES         NO    X  

As of November 30, 2018, the registrant had 8,310,703 shares of common stock issued and outstanding.  The aggregate 

market value of the common stock held by nonaffiliates of the registrant, based on the closing sales price of the registrant’s common 
stock as quoted on the NASDAQ Global Market on March 31, 2018, was $224.7 million (7,390,227 shares at $30.40).  For purposes 
of this calculation, common stock held by officers and directors of the registrant was included.

1.   Portions of Definitive Proxy Statement for the 2019 Annual Meeting of Shareholders (Part III).

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TIMBERLAND BANCORP, INC.
2018 ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM 10-K
TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I.

Item 1.

Business

General
Market Area
Lending Activities
Investment Activities
Deposit Activities and Other Sources of Funds
Bank Owned Life Insurance
How We Are Regulated
Taxation
Competition
Subsidiary Activities
Personnel
Executive Officers of the Registrant

Item 1A. Risk Factors
Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments 
Item 2.
Item 3.     Legal Proceedings
Item 4.     Mine Safety Disclosures

Properties

PART II.

Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
Item 6.
Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Selected Financial Data

General
Overview
Operating Strategy
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
Market Risk and Asset and Liability Management
Comparison of Financial Condition at September 30, 2018 and September 30, 2017
Comparison of Operating Results for Years Ended September 30, 2018 and 2017
Comparison of Operating Results for Years Ended September 30, 2017 and 2016
Average Balances, Interest and Average Yields/Cost
Rate/Volume Analysis
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Effect of Inflation and Changing Prices
New Accounting Pronouncements

Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Item 8.
Item 9.
Item 9A. Controls and Procedures
Item 9B. Other Information

Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure

PART III.

Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance
Item 11. Executive Compensation
Item 12.
Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence
Item 14. Principal Accounting Fees and Services

Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters

PART IV.

Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules
Item 16. Form 10-K Summary

Page

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As used throughout this report, the terms "we," "our," or "us," refer to Timberland Bancorp, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiary, 
unless the context otherwise requires.

2

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

Certain matters discussed in this Annual Report on Form 10-K may contain forward-looking statements within the meaning 
of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995.  These statements relate to our financial condition, results of operations, 
plans, objectives, future performance or business.  Forward-looking statements are not statements of historical fact, are based on 
certain assumptions and often include the words "believes," "expects," "anticipates," "estimates," "forecasts," "intends," "plans," 
"targets," "potentially," "probably," "projects," "outlook" or similar expressions or future or conditional verbs such as "may," "will," 
"should," "would" and "could." Forward-looking statements include statements with respect to our beliefs, plans, objectives, goals, 
expectations, assumptions and statements about future economic performance.  These forward-looking statements are subject to 
known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that could cause our actual results to differ materially from the results 
anticipated or implied by our forward-looking statements, including, but not limited to: our ability to successfully integrate any 
assets,  liabilities,  customers,  systems,  and  management  personnel  from  our  recent  merger  with  South  Sound  Bank  into  our 
operations and our ability to realize related revenue synergies and cost savings within expected time frames and any goodwill 
charges related and costs or difficulties relating to integration matters, including but not limited to customer and employee retention, 
which  may  be  greater  than  expected;  the  credit  risks  of  lending  activities,  including  changes  in  the  level  and  trend  of  loan 
delinquencies and write-offs and changes in our allowance for loan losses and provision for loan losses that may be impacted by 
deterioration in the housing and commercial real estate markets which may lead to increased losses and non-performing loans in 
our loan portfolio, and may result in our allowance for loan losses not being adequate to cover actual losses, and require us to 
materially increase our loan loss reserves; changes in general economic conditions, either nationally or in our market areas; changes 
in the levels of general interest rates, and the relative differences between short and long term interest rates, deposit interest rates, 
our net interest margin and funding sources; fluctuations in the demand for loans, the number of unsold homes, land and other 
properties and fluctuations in real estate values in our market areas;  secondary market conditions for loans and our ability to sell 
loans in the secondary market; results of examinations of us by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System and of our 
bank subsidiary by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, the Washington State Department of Financial Institutions, Division 
of Banks or other regulatory authorities, including the possibility that any such regulatory authority may, among other things, 
institute a formal or informal enforcement action against us or our bank subsidiary which could require us to increase our allowance 
for loan losses, write-down assets, change our regulatory capital position or affect our ability to borrow funds or maintain or 
increase deposits or impose additional requirements or restrictions on us, any of which could adversely affect our liquidity and 
earnings; legislative or regulatory changes that adversely affect our business including changes in regulatory policies and principles, 
or the interpretation of regulatory capital or other rules including as a result of Basel III; the impact of the Dodd Frank Wall Street 
Reform and Consumer Protection Act and implementing regulations; our ability to attract and retain deposits; increases in premiums 
for deposit insurance; our ability to control operating costs and expenses; the use of estimates in determining fair value of certain 
of our assets, which estimates may prove to be incorrect and result in significant declines in valuation; difficulties in reducing 
risks associated with the loans on our consolidated balance sheet; staffing fluctuations in response to product demand or the 
implementation of corporate strategies that affect our work force and potential associated charges; disruptions, security breaches, 
or other adverse events, failures or interruptions in, or attacks on, our information technology systems or on the third-party vendors 
who perform several of our critical processing functions; our ability to retain key members of our senior management team; costs 
and effects of litigation, including settlements and judgments; our ability to implement our business strategies; our ability to 
manage  loan  delinquency  rates; increased  competitive  pressures  among  financial  services  companies;  changes  in  consumer 
spending, borrowing and savings habits; the availability of resources to address changes in laws, rules, or regulations or to respond 
to regulatory actions; our ability to pay dividends on our common stock; adverse changes in the securities markets; inability of 
key third-party providers to perform their obligations to us; changes in accounting policies and practices, as may be adopted by 
the  financial  institution  regulatory  agencies  or  the  Financial Accounting  Standards  Board,  including  additional  guidance  and 
interpretation on accounting issues and details of the implementation of new accounting methods; the economic impact of war or 
any terrorist activities; other economic, competitive, governmental, regulatory, and technological factors affecting our operations; 
pricing, products and services; and other risks described elsewhere in this Form 10-K and the Company's other reports filed with 
or furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission.

Any of the forward-looking statements that we make in this Form 10-K and in the other public statements we make are 
based upon management's beliefs and assumptions at the time they are made.  We do not undertake and specifically disclaim any  
obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements included in this annual report to reflect the occurrence of 
anticipated or unanticipated events or circumstances after the date of such statements or to update the reasons why actual results 
could differ from those contained in such statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.  In light 
of these risks, uncertainties and assumptions, the forward-looking statements discussed in this document might not occur and we 
caution readers not to place undue reliance on any forward-looking statements. These risks could cause our actual results for fiscal 
2019 and beyond to differ materially from those expressed in any forward-looking statements by, or on behalf of, us, and could 
negatively affect the Company's consolidated financial condition and results of operations as well as its stock price performance.

3

 
 
Item 1.  Business

General

PART I

Timberland  Bancorp,  Inc.  (“Timberland  Bancorp"  or  the  "Company”),  a Washington  corporation,  was  organized  on 
September 8, 1997 for the purpose of becoming the holding company for Timberland Bank (the "Bank").  At September 30, 2018, 
on a consolidated basis, the Company had total assets of $1.02 billion, net loans receivable of $725.39 million, total deposits of 
$889.51 million and total shareholders’ equity of $124.66 million.  The Company’s business activities generally are limited to 
passive investment activities and oversight of its investment in the Bank.  Accordingly, the information set forth in this report, 
including consolidated financial statements and related data, relates primarily to the Bank and its subsidiary, Timberland Service 
Corporation.

The Bank opened for business in 1915 and serves consumers and businesses across Grays Harbor, Thurston, Pierce, King, 
Kitsap and Lewis counties, Washington with a full range of lending and deposit services through its 22 branches (including its 
main office in Hoquiam). The Bank’s deposits are insured up to applicable legal limits by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation 
(“FDIC”).  The Bank has been a member of the Federal Home Loan Bank System since 1937.  The Bank is regulated by the 
Washington Department of Financial Institutions, Division of Banks (“Division” or “DFI”) and the FDIC. The Company is regulated 
by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System ("Federal Reserve").

On May 23, 2018, the Company announced the signing of a definitive agreement and plan of merger with South Sound 
Bank, a Washington-state chartered bank, headquartered in Olympia, Washington.  On October 1, 2018, the Company completed 
the acquisition of South Sound Bank (the "South Sound Merger") and South Sound Bank merged into the Bank and the Company.  
At September 30, 2018, South Sound Bank had $178.33 million in total assets, $121.35 million in net loans receivable and $151.43 
million in total deposits.  As a result of the South Sound Merger, South Sound Bank shareholders received 904,826 shares of 
Timberland Bancorp common stock and $6.90 million in cash for total consideration paid of $35.17 million.  The financial condition 
data and operating results of the Company at and for the year ended September 30, 2018, do not include the acquired assets and 
assumed liabilities from South Sound Bank or the operating results produced by the acquired assets and assumed liabilities as the 
South Sound Merger did not close until October 1, 2018.  For additional details see Note 21 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial 
Statements contained in "Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data."

Timberland Bank is a community-oriented bank which has traditionally offered a variety of savings products to its retail 
customers while concentrating its lending activities on real estate mortgage loans. Lending activities have been focused primarily 
on the origination of loans secured by real estate, including residential and commercial / multi-family construction loans, one- to 
four-family residential loans, multi-family loans, commercial real estate loans and land loans. The Bank originates adjustable-rate 
residential mortgage loans that do not qualify for sale in the secondary market. The Bank also originates commercial business 
loans and other consumer loans.

The  Company  maintains  a  website  at  www.timberlandbank.com.  The  information  contained  on  that  website  is  not 
included as a part of, or incorporated by reference into, this Annual Report on Form 10-K.  Other than an investor’s own internet 
access charges, the Company makes available free of charge through that website the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, 
quarterly reports on Form 10-Q and current reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to these reports, as soon as reasonably practicable 
after these materials have been electronically filed with, or furnished to, the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”).

Market Area

The Bank considers Grays Harbor, Pierce, Thurston, Kitsap, King and Lewis counties, Washington as its primary market 

areas.  The Bank conducts operations from:

• 

• 

• 

its main office in Hoquiam (Grays Harbor County);

five branch offices in Grays Harbor County (Ocean Shores, Montesano, Elma and two branches in 
Aberdeen);

five branch offices in Pierce County (Edgewood, Puyallup, Spanaway, Tacoma and Gig Harbor);

4

 
 
 
 
 
 
• 

• 

• 

• 

five branch offices in Thurston County (Olympia, Yelm, Tumwater and two branches in Lacey);

two branch offices in Kitsap County (Poulsbo and Silverdale);

a branch office in King County (Auburn); and

three branch offices in Lewis County (Winlock, Toledo and Chehalis).

For additional information, see “Item 2. Properties.”

Hoquiam, with a population of approximately 8,500, is located in Grays Harbor County which is situated along Washington 
State’s  central  Pacific  coast.  Hoquiam  is  located  approximately  110  miles  southwest  of  Seattle,  Washington  and  145  miles 
northwest of Portland, Oregon.

The Bank considers its primary market area to include six sub-markets: primarily rural Grays Harbor County with its 
historical dependence on the timber and fishing industries; Thurston and Kitsap counties with their dependence on state and federal 
government; Pierce and King counties with their broadly diversified economic bases; and Lewis County with its dependence on 
retail  trade,  manufacturing,  industrial  services  and  local  government.  Each  of  these  markets  presents  operating  risks  to  the 
Bank.  The Bank’s expansion into Pierce, Thurston, Kitsap, King and Lewis counties represents the Bank’s strategy to expand and  
diversify its primary market area to become less reliant on the economy of Grays Harbor County.

Grays Harbor County has a population of 73,000 according to the United States ("U.S.") Census Bureau 2017 estimates 
and a median family income of $65,000 according to 2018 estimates from the Department of Housing and Urban Development 
(“HUD”).  The economic base in Grays Harbor County has been historically dependent on the timber and fishing industries.  Other 
industries that support the economic base are tourism, agriculture, shipping, transportation and technology.  According to the 
Washington  State  Employment  Security  Department,  the  unemployment  rate  in  Grays  Harbor  County  decreased  to  5.5%  at 
September 30, 2018 from 6.1% at September 30, 2017.  The median price of a resale home in Grays Harbor County for the quarter 
ended June 30, 2018 increased 14.6% to $188,800 from $164,700 for the comparable prior year period.  The number of home 
sales increased 12.3% for the quarter ended June 30, 2018 compared to the same quarter one year earlier.  The Bank has six 
branches (including its home office) located in the county.  

Pierce County is the second most populous county in the state and has a population of 877,000 according to the U.S. 
Census Bureau 2017 estimates.  The county’s median family income is $74,600 according to 2018 HUD estimates.  The economy 
in  Pierce  County  is  diversified  with  the  presence  of  military  related  government  employment  (Joint  Base  Lewis-McChord), 
transportation and shipping employment (Port of Tacoma), and aerospace related employment.  According to the Washington State 
Employment Security Department, the unemployment rate for the Pierce County area decreased to 4.4% at September 30, 2018
from 4.8% at September 30, 2017.  The median price of a resale home in Pierce County for the quarter ended June 30, 2018 
increased 12.9% to $353,700 from $313,200 for the comparable prior year period.  The number of home sales increased 6.9% for 
the quarter ended June 30, 2018 compared to the same quarter one year earlier.  The Bank has five branches located in Pierce 
County, and these branches have historically been responsible for a substantial portion of the Bank’s construction lending activities. 

Thurston County has a population of 281,000 according to the U.S. Census Bureau 2017 estimates and a median family 
income of $77,700 according to 2018 HUD estimates.  Thurston County is home of Washington State’s capital (Olympia), and its 
economic base is largely driven by state government related employment.  According to the Washington State Employment Security 
Department,  the  unemployment  rate  for  the  Thurston  County  area  decreased  to  4.1%  at  September 30,  2018  from  4.5%  at 
September 30, 2017.  The median price of a resale home in Thurston County for the quarter ended June 30, 2018 increased 10.2%
to $319,300 from $289,800 for the same quarter one year earlier.  The number of home sales increased 8.2% for the quarter ended 
June 30, 2018 compared to the same quarter one year earlier.  The Bank has five branches and acquired two additional branches 
in  the  South  Sound  Merger,  located  in Thurston  County.  This  county  has  historically  had  a  stable  economic  base  primarily 
attributable to the state government presence.

Kitsap County has a population of 266,000 according to the U.S. Census Bureau 2017 estimates and a median family 
income of $82,600 according to 2018 HUD estimates.  The Bank has two branches located in Kitsap County.  The economic base 
of  Kitsap  County  is  largely  supported  by  military  related  government  employment  through  the  U.S.  Navy.  According  to  the 
Washington State Employment Security Department, the unemployment rate for the Kitsap County area decreased to 4.1% at 
September 30, 2018 from 4.6% at September 30, 2017.  The median price of a resale home in Kitsap County for the quarter ended 
June 30, 2018 increased 9.4% to $355,600 from $325,000 for the same quarter one year earlier.  The number of home sales increased 
3.9% for the quarter ended June 30, 2018 compared to the same quarter one year earlier.  

5

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
King County is the most populous county in the state and has a population of 2.2 million according to the U.S. Census 
Bureau 2017 estimates.  The Bank has one branch located in King County.  The county’s median family income is $103,400
according  to  2018  HUD  estimates.  King  County’s  economic  base  is  diversified  with  many  industries  including  shipping, 
transportation,  aerospace,  computer  technology  and  biotech.  According  to  the  Washington  State  Employment  Security 
Department, the unemployment rate for the King County area decreased to 3.4% at September 30, 2018 from 3.9% at September 30, 
2017.  The median price of a resale home in King County for the quarter ended June 30, 2018 increased 12.1% to $729,800 from 
$650,800 for the same quarter one year earlier.  The number of home sales decreased 3.5% for the quarter ended June 30, 2018 
compared to the same quarter one year earlier.  

Lewis County has a population of 78,000 according to the U.S. Census Bureau 2017 estimates and a median family 
income of $65,000 according to 2018 HUD estimates.  The economic base in Lewis County is supported by manufacturing, retail 
trade,  local  government  and  industrial  services.  According  to  the  Washington  State  Employment  Security  Department,  the 
unemployment rate in Lewis County decreased to 5.1% at September 30, 2018 from 5.7% at September 30, 2017. The median 
price of a resale home in Lewis County for the quarter ended June 30, 2018 increased 17.8% to $224,300 from $190,400 for the 
same quarter one year earlier.  The number of home sales increased 6.5% for the quarter ended June 30, 2018 compared to the 
same quarter one year earlier.  The Bank currently has three branches located in Lewis County.  

Lending Activities

General.  Historically, the principal lending activity of the Bank has consisted of the origination of loans secured by first 
mortgages on owner-occupied, one- to four-family residences, or by commercial real estate and loans for the construction of one- 
to four-family residences.  The Bank’s net loans receivable totaled $725.39 million at September 30, 2018, representing 71.2% of 
consolidated total assets, and at that date commercial real estate, construction (including undisbursed loans in process), multi-
family and land loans were $620.95 million, or 75.7% of total loans.  Commercial real estate, construction, multi-family, and land 
loans typically have higher rates of return than one- to four-family loans; however, they also present a higher degree of risk.  

The Bank’s internal loan policy limits the maximum amount of loans to one borrower to 20% of its capital plus surplus.  
According to the Washington Administrative Code, capital and surplus are defined as a bank's Tier 1 capital, Tier 2 capital and 
the balance of a bank's allowance for loan losses not included in the bank's Tier 2 capital as reported in the bank's call report.  At 
September 30, 2018, the maximum amount which the Bank could have lent to any one borrower and the borrower’s related entities 
was approximately $25.40 million under this policy.  At September 30, 2018, the largest amount outstanding to any one borrower 
and the borrower’s related entities was $18.30 million (including $3.65 million in undisbursed loans in process) which was secured 
by multi-family properties, commercial buildings, one- to four-family properties, land parcels, and construction projects located 
in Thurston County.  These loans were all performing according to their loan repayment terms at September 30, 2018.  The next 
largest amount outstanding to any one borrower and the borrower’s related entities was $16.21 million.  These loans were secured 
by multi-family and commercial real estate properties located in King, Benton and Grant counties and were performing according 
to their loan repayment terms at September 30, 2018. 

6

 
 
 
 
7

Residential One- to Four-Family Lending.  At September 30, 2018, $115.94 million, or 14.1%, of the Bank’s loan 
portfolio consisted of loans secured by one- to four-family residences.  The Bank originates both fixed-rate loans and adjustable-
rate loans.

Generally, one- to four-family fixed-rate loans are originated to meet the requirements for sale in the secondary market 
to the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation ("Freddie Mac") or the Federal Home Loan Bank of Des Moines ("FHLB").  From 
time to time, however, a portion of these fixed-rate loans may be retained in the loan portfolio to meet the Bank’s asset/liability 
management objectives. The Bank uses an automated underwriting program, which preliminarily qualifies a loan as conforming 
to Freddie Mac underwriting standards when the loan is originated.  At September 30, 2018, $29.53 million, or 25.5%, of the 
Bank’s one- to four-family loan portfolio consisted of fixed-rate mortgage loans.

The Bank also offers adjustable-rate mortgage (“ARM”) loans.  All of the Bank’s ARM loans are retained in its loan 
portfolio.  The Bank offers several ARM products which adjust annually or every three to five years after an initial period ranging 
from one to five years and are typically subject to a limitation on the annual interest rate increase of 2% and an overall limitation 
of  6%.  These ARM  products  generally  are  re-priced  utilizing  the weekly  average  yield  on  one  year  U.S. Treasury  securities 
adjusted to a constant maturity of one year plus a margin of 2.75% to 4.00%.  The Bank also offers ARM loans tied to The Wall 
Street Journal prime lending rate ("Prime Rate") index which typically do not have periodic or lifetime adjustment limits.  Loans 
tied to the Prime Rate normally have margins ranging up to 3.0%.  ARM loans held in the Bank’s portfolio do not permit negative 
amortization of principal.  Borrower demand for ARM loans versus fixed-rate mortgage loans is a function of the level of interest 
rates, the expectations of changes in the level of interest rates and the difference between the initial interest rates and fees charged 
for each type of loan.  The relative amount of fixed-rate mortgage loans and ARM loans that can be originated at any time is largely 
determined by the demand for each in a competitive environment.  At September 30, 2018, $86.41 million, or 74.5%, of the Bank’s 
one- to four- family loan portfolio consisted of ARM loans.

A portion of the Bank’s ARM loans are “non-conforming”, because they do not satisfy acreage limits or various other 
requirements  imposed  by  Freddie  Mac.  Some  of  these  loans  are  also  originated  to  meet  the  needs  of  borrowers  who  cannot 
otherwise satisfy Freddie Mac credit requirements because of personal and financial reasons (i.e., divorce, bankruptcy, length of 
time employed, etc.), and other aspects, which do not conform to Freddie Mac’s guidelines.  Such borrowers may have higher 
debt-to-income ratios, or the loans are secured by unique properties in rural markets for which there are no sales of comparable 
properties to support the value according to secondary market requirements.  These loans are known as non-conforming loans, 
and the Bank may require additional collateral or lower loan-to-value ratios to reduce the risk of these loans.  The Bank believes 
that these loans satisfy a need in its local market area.  As a result, subject to market conditions, the Bank intends to continue to 
originate these types of loans.

The  retention  of ARM  loans  in  the  Bank’s  loan  portfolio  helps  reduce  the  Bank’s  exposure  to  changes  in  interest 
rates.  There are, however, unquantifiable credit risks resulting from the potential of increased interest to be paid by the customer 
as a result of increases in interest rates.  It is possible that during periods of rising interest rates the risk of default on ARM loans 
may  increase  as  a  result  of  repricing  and  the  increased  costs  to  the  borrower.  The  Bank  attempts  to  reduce  the  potential  for 
delinquencies and defaults on ARM loans by qualifying the borrower based on the borrower’s ability to repay the ARM loan 
assuming a 2.0% increase in the initial interest rate.  Another consideration is that although ARM loans allow the Bank to increase 
the sensitivity of its asset base due to changes in the interest rates, the extent of this interest sensitivity is limited by the periodic 
and lifetime interest rate adjustment limits.  Because of these considerations, the Bank has no assurance that yield increases on 
ARM loans will be sufficient to offset increases in the Bank’s cost of funds.

While fixed-rate, single-family residential mortgage loans are normally originated with 15 to 30 year terms to maturity, 
these loans typically remain outstanding for substantially shorter periods because borrowers often prepay their loans in full upon 
sale of the property pledged as security or upon refinancing the original loan.  In addition, substantially all mortgage loans in the 
Bank’s loan portfolio contain due-on-sale clauses providing that the Bank may declare the unpaid amount due and payable upon 
the sale of the property securing the loan.  Typically, the Bank enforces these due-on-sale clauses to the extent permitted by law 
and as business judgment dictates.  Thus, average loan maturity is a function of, among other factors, the level of purchase and 
sale activity in the real estate market, prevailing interest rates and the interest rates received on outstanding loans.

The Bank requires that fire and extended coverage casualty insurance be maintained on the collateral for all of its real 

estate secured loans and flood insurance, if appropriate.

The  Bank’s  lending  policies  generally  limit  the  maximum  loan-to-value  ratio  on  mortgage  loans  secured  by  owner-
occupied properties to 95% of the lesser of the appraised value or the purchase price.  However, the Bank usually obtains private 
mortgage insurance (“PMI”) on the portion of the principal amount that exceeds 80% of the appraised value of the security property. 
The maximum loan-to-value ratio on mortgage loans secured by non-owner-occupied properties is generally 80% (90% for loans 
8

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
originated for sale in the secondary market to Freddie Mac or the FHLB).  At September 30, 2018, five one- to four-family loans 
totaling $545,000 were on non-accrual status.  See “Lending Activities - Non-performing Loans and Delinquencies.”

Multi-Family Lending.  At September 30, 2018, $61.93 million, or 7.5%, of the Bank’s total loan portfolio was secured 
by multi-family dwelling units (more than four units) located primarily in the Bank’s primary market area.  Multi-family loans 
are generally originated with variable rates of interest ranging from 1.00% to 3.50% over the one-year constant maturity U.S. 
Treasury Bill Index, the Prime Rate or a matched term Federal Home Loan Bank borrowing, with principal and interest payments 
fully amortizing over terms of up to 30 years.  At September 30, 2018, the Bank’s largest multi-family loan had an outstanding 
principal balance of $6.24 million and was secured by an apartment building located in Thurston County.  At September 30, 2018, 
this loan was performing according to its repayment terms.  

The maximum loan-to-value ratio for multi-family loans is generally limited to not more than 80%.  The Bank generally 
requests its multi-family loan borrowers with loan balances in excess of $750,000 to submit financial statements and rent rolls 
annually on the properties securing such loans.  The Bank also inspects such properties annually.  The Bank generally imposes a 
minimum debt coverage ratio of 1.20 for loans secured by multi-family properties.

Multi-family mortgage lending affords the Bank an opportunity to receive interest at rates higher than those generally 
available from one- to four- family residential lending.  However, loans secured by multi-family properties usually are greater in 
amount, more difficult to evaluate and monitor and, therefore, may involve a greater degree of risk than one- to four-family 
residential mortgage loans.  Because payments on loans secured by multi-family properties are often dependent on the successful 
operation and management of the properties, repayment of such loans may be affected by adverse conditions in the real estate 
market or the economy.  The Bank seeks to minimize these risks by scrutinizing the financial condition of the borrower, the quality 
of the collateral and the management of the property securing the loan.  If the borrower is other than an individual, the Bank also 
generally obtains personal guarantees from the principals (with ownership interests of 20% or more) based on a review of personal 
financial statements.  At September 30, 2018, all multi-family loans were performing according to their repayment terms.  See 
"Lending Activities - Non-performing Loans and Delinquencies."

Commercial Real Estate Lending.  Commercial real estate loans totaled $345.11 million, or 42.0%, of the total loan 
portfolio at September 30, 2018.  The Bank originates commercial real estate loans generally at variable interest rates with principal 
and interest payments fully amortizing over terms of up to 30 years.  These loans are secured by properties, such as office buildings, 
retail/wholesale facilities, mini-storage facilities, motels, nursing homes, restaurants and convenience stores, generally located in 
the Bank’s primary market area.  At September 30, 2018, the largest commercial real estate loan was secured by an office building 
in Thurston County, had a balance of $7.90 million and was performing according to its repayment terms.  At September 30, 2018, 
no commercial real estate loans  were on non-accrual status.  See “Lending Activities - Non-performing Loans and Delinquencies.”

The Bank typically requires appraisals of properties securing commercial real estate loans.  For loans that are less than 
$250,000, the Bank may use the tax assessed value and a property inspection in lieu of an appraisal.  Appraisals are performed by 
independent appraisers designated by the Bank.  The Bank considers the quality and location of the real estate, the credit history 
of  the  borrower,  the  cash  flow  of  the  project  and  the  quality  of  management  involved  with  the  property  when  making  these 
loans.  The Bank generally imposes a minimum debt coverage ratio of approximately 1.20 for loans secured by income producing 
commercial properties.  Loan-to-value ratios on commercial real estate loans are generally limited to not more than 80%.  If the 
borrower is other than an individual, the Bank also generally obtains personal guarantees from the principals (with ownership 
interests of 20% or more) based on a review of personal financial statements.

Commercial real estate lending affords the Bank an opportunity to receive interest at rates higher than those generally 
available from one- to four-family residential lending.  However, loans secured by such properties usually are greater in amount, 
more difficult to evaluate and monitor and, therefore, involve a greater degree of risk than one- to four-family residential mortgage 
loans.  Because payments on loans secured by commercial properties often depend upon the successful operation and management 
of the properties, repayment of these loans may be affected by adverse conditions in the real estate market or the economy.  The 
Bank seeks to minimize these risks by generally limiting the maximum loan-to-value ratio to 80% and scrutinizing the financial 
condition of the borrower, the quality of the collateral and the management of the property securing the loan.  The Bank also 
generally requests annual financial information and rent rolls on the subject property from the borrowers on loans over $750,000.

Construction Lending.    The  Bank  currently  originates  three  types  of  residential  construction  loans:  (i)  custom 
construction loans, (ii) owner/builder construction loans and (iii) speculative construction loans.  The Bank believes that its long 
tenure in providing residential construction loans has enabled it to establish processing and disbursement procedures to meet the 
needs of its borrowers while reducing many of the risks inherent with construction lending.  The Bank also originates construction 
loans for multi-family properties, commercial properties, and land development projects.  The Bank's construction loans generally 
provide for the payment of interest only during the construction phase, which is billed monthly, although during the term of some 
9

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
construction loans no payment from the borrower is required since the accumulated interest is added to the principal of the loan 
through an interest reserve.  At September 30, 2018, the Bank's construction loans totaled $188.36 million, or 22.9% of the Bank's 
total loan portfolio, including undisbursed loans in process of $83.24 million.

At September 30, 2018 and 2017, the composition of the Bank’s construction loan portfolio was as follows:

Custom and owner/builder
Speculative one-to four-family
Commercial real estate
Multi-family
Land development

Total

At September 30,

2018

2017

Outstanding
Balance

$

$

119,555
15,433
39,590
10,740
3,040
188,358

Outstanding
Percent of
Total
Balance
(Dollars in thousands)

Percent of
Total

63.47% $

8.19
21.02
5.70
1.62

100.00% $

117,641
9,918
19,630
21,327
—
168,516

69.81%
5.89
11.65
12.65
—
100.00%

Custom construction loans are made to home builders who, at the time of construction, have a signed contract with a 
home buyer who has a commitment to purchase the finished home.  Custom construction loans are generally originated for a term 
of six to 12 months, with fixed interest rates typically ranging from 5.25% to 6.25% and with loan-to-value ratios of 80% or less 
of the appraised estimated value of the completed property or sales price, whichever is less.  Custom and owner/builder construction 
loans are either originated with six to twelve month maturities or are structured to convert to permanent mortgage loans once 
construction is completed.

Owner/builder construction loans are originated to home owners rather than home builders and are typically converted 
to or refinanced into permanent loans at the completion of construction.  The construction phase of an owner/builder construction 
loan generally lasts up to 12 months with fixed interest rates typically ranging from 4.50% to 6.75% and with loan-to-value ratios 
of 80% (or up to 95% with PMI) of the appraised estimated value of the completed property.  At the completion of construction, 
the loan is converted to or refinanced into either a fixed-rate mortgage loan, which conforms to secondary market standards, or 
an ARM loan for retention in the Bank’s portfolio.  At September 30, 2018, custom and owner/builder construction loans totaled 
$119.56 million, or 63.5% of the total construction loan portfolio.  At September 30, 2018, the largest outstanding custom and 
owner/builder construction loan had an outstanding balance of $1.30 million (including $664,000 of undisbursed loans in process) 
and was performing according to its repayment terms.

Speculative one-to four-family construction loans are made to home builders and are termed “speculative” because the 
home builder does not have, at the time of loan origination, a signed contract with a home buyer who has a commitment for 
permanent financing with either the Bank or another lender for the finished home.  The home buyer may be identified either during 
or after the construction period, with the risk that the builder will have to debt service the speculative construction loan and pay 
real estate taxes and other carrying costs of the completed home for a significant time after the completion of construction until 
the home buyer is identified and a sale is consummated.  Rather than originating lines of credit to home builders to construct 
several homes at once, the Bank generally originates and underwrites a separate loan for each home.  Speculative construction 
loans are generally originated for a term of 12 months, with current rates generally ranging from 6.00% to 7.00%, and with a loan-
to-value ratio of no more than 80% of the appraised  value of the completed property.  At September 30, 2018, speculative one- 
to four-family construction loans totaled $15.43 million, or 8.2% of the total construction loan portfolio.  At September 30, 2018, 
the largest aggregate outstanding balance to one borrower for speculative one- to four-family construction loans totaled $2.35 
million (including $1.51 million of undisbursed loans in process) and was comprised of seven loans that were performing according 
to their repayment terms.  

The Bank also provides construction financing for multi-family and commercial properties.  At September 30, 2018, 
these  loans  amounted  to  $50.33  million,  or  26.7%,  of  construction  loan  balances  compared  to  $40.96  million,  or  24.3%,  of 
construction loan balances at September 30, 2017.  These loans are typically secured by apartment buildings, condominiums, mini-
storage facilities, office buildings, hotels and retail rental space predominantly located in the Bank’s primary market area.  At 
September 30,  2018,  the  largest  outstanding  multi-family  construction  loan  was  secured  by  an  apartment  building  project  in 
Thurston County and had a balance of $6.70 million (including $2.28 million of undisbursed construction loan proceeds) and was 
performing according to its repayment terms.  At September 30, 2018, the largest outstanding commercial real estate construction 
loan was secured by an assisted living facility project in King County and had a balance of $6.10 million.  This loan was performing 
according to its repayment terms at September 30, 2018.

10

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
All construction loans must be approved by a member of one of the Bank’s Loan Committees or the Bank’s Board of 
Directors, or in the case of one- to four-family construction loans that meet Freddie Mac guidelines, by the Regional Manager of 
Community Lending, the Loan Department Supervisor or a Bank underwriter. See “- Lending Activities - Loan Solicitation and 
Processing.”  Prior to approval of any construction loan application, an independent fee appraiser inspects the site and prepares 
and appraisal on an "as completed" basis and the Bank reviews the existing or proposed improvements, identifies the market for 
the proposed project and analyzes the pro-forma data and assumptions on the project.  In the case of a speculative or custom 
construction loan, the Bank reviews the experience and expertise of the builder.  After this preliminary review, the application is 
processed, which includes obtaining credit reports, financial statements and tax returns or verification of income on the borrowers 
and guarantors, an independent appraisal of the project, and any other expert reports necessary to evaluate the proposed project.  In 
the event of cost overruns, the Bank generally requires that the borrower increase the funds available for construction by paying 
the cost of such overruns directly or by depositing its own funds into a secured savings account, the proceeds of which are used 
to pay construction costs, or to the extent available authorizes disbursements from a loan contingency line in the construction 
budget.

Loan disbursements during the construction period are made to the builder, materials supplier or subcontractor, based on 
a line item budget.  Periodic on-site inspections are made by qualified independent inspectors to document the reasonableness of 
draw requests.  For most builders, the Bank disburses loan funds by providing vouchers to borrowers, which when used by the 
borrower to purchase supplies are submitted by the supplier to the Bank for payment.

The  Bank  originates  construction  loan  applications  primarily  through  customer  referrals,  contacts  in  the  business 

community and occasionally real estate brokers seeking financing for their clients.

Construction lending affords the Bank the opportunity to achieve higher interest rates and fees with shorter terms to 
maturity  than  does  its  single-family  permanent  mortgage  lending.  Construction  lending,  however,  is  generally  considered  to 
involve a higher degree of risk than single-family permanent mortgage lending because funds are advanced upon the collateral 
for the project based on an estimate of the costs that will produce a future value at completion.  Because of the uncertainties 
inherent in estimating construction costs, as well as the market value of the completed project and the effects of governmental 
regulation on real property, it is relatively difficult to evaluate accurately the total funds required to complete a project and the 
completed project loan-to-value ratio.  With regard to loans originated to builders for speculative projects, changes in the demand, 
such as for new housing and higher than anticipated building costs, may cause actual results to vary significantly from those 
estimated.  A downturn in the housing, or the real estate market, could increase loan delinquencies, defaults, and foreclosures, and 
significantly impair the value of our collateral and our ability to sell the collateral upon foreclosure.  Some builders who have 
borrowed from us to fund construction projects on a speculative basis have more than one loan outstanding with us.  Consequently, 
an adverse development with respect to one loan or one credit relationship can expose us to a significantly greater risk of loss.

In addition, during the term of many of our construction loans granted to builders who are building residential units for 
sale, no payment from the borrower is required since the accumulated interest is added to the principal of the loan through an 
interest reserve.  As a result, these loans often involve the disbursement of funds with repayment substantially dependent on the 
success of the ultimate project and the ability of the borrower to to sell or lease the property or obtain permanent take-out financing, 
rather than the ability of the borrower or guarantor to repay principal and interest. If our appraisal of the value of a completed 
project proves to be overstated, we may have inadequate security for the repayment of the loan upon completion of construction 
of the project and may incur a loss. Because construction loans require active monitoring of the building process, including cost 
comparisons and on-site inspections, these loans are more difficult and costly to monitor. Increases in market rates of interest may 
have a more pronounced effect on construction loans by rapidly increasing the end-purchasers' borrowing costs, thereby reducing 
the overall demand for the project. Properties under construction are often difficult to sell and typically must be completed in order 
to be successfully sold which also complicates the process of working out problem construction loans.  This may require us to 
advance additional funds and/or contract with another builder to complete construction.  Furthermore, in the case of speculative 
construction loans, there is an added risk associated with identifying an end-purchaser for the finished project.  

The Bank historically originated loans to real estate developers with whom it had established relationships for the purpose 
of developing residential subdivisions (i.e., installing roads, sewers, water and other utilities; generally with ten to 50 lots). At 
September 30, 2018, the Bank had $3.00 million in land development loans outstanding.  Currently, the Bank is originating land 
development loans on a limited basis.  Land development loans are secured by a lien on the property and typically are made for 
a period of two to five years with fixed or variable interest rates, with loan-to-value ratios generally not exceeding 75%.  Land 
development loans are generally structured so that the Bank is repaid in full upon the sale by the borrower of approximately 80% 
of the subdivision lots.  In addition, in the case of a corporate borrower, the Bank also generally obtains personal guarantees from 
corporate  principals  (with  ownership  interests  in  the  borrowing  entity  of  20%  or  more)  and  reviews their  personal  financial 
statements.  Land development loans secured by land under development involve greater risks than one- to four-family residential 
11

 
 
 
 
 
 
mortgage  loans  because  these  loan  funds  are  advanced  upon  the  predicted  future  value  of  the  developed  property  upon 
completion.  If the estimate of the future value proves to be inaccurate, in the event of default and foreclosure the Bank may be 
confronted with a property the value of which is insufficient to assure full repayment.  The Bank has historically attempted to 
minimize this risk by generally limiting the maximum loan-to-value ratio on land and land development loans to 75% of the 
estimated developed value of the secured property.  At September 30, 2018 all construction loans were performing according to 
their repayment terms. See "Lending Activities - Non-performing Loans and Delinquencies."

Land Lending. The Bank originates loans for the acquisition of land upon which the purchaser can then build or make 
improvements necessary to build or to use for recreational purposes.  At September 30, 2018, land loans totaled $25.55 million, 
or 3.1%, of the Bank’s total loan portfolio.  Land loans originated by the Bank generally have maturities of one to ten years.  The 
largest land loan is secured by land in Thurston County, had an outstanding balance of $1.50 million and was performing according 
to its repayment terms at September 30, 2018.  At September 30, 2018, two land loans totaling $243,000 were on non-accrual 
status.  See “Lending Activities - Non-performing Loans and Delinquencies.”

Loans secured by undeveloped land or improved lots involve greater risks than one- to four-family residential mortgage 
loans because these loans are more difficult to evaluate.  If the estimate of value proves to be inaccurate, in the event of default 
and foreclosure the Bank may be confronted with a property the value of which is insufficient to assure full repayment.  Land 
loans also pose additional risk because of the lack of income being produced by the property and potential illiquid nature of the 
collateral.  These risks can be significantly impacted by supply and demand conditions.  The Bank attempts to minimize these 
risks by generally limiting the maximum loan-to-value ratio on land loans to 75%.

Consumer Lending.  Consumer loans generally have shorter terms to maturity and may have higher interest rates than 
mortgage loans.  Consumer loans include home equity lines of credit, second mortgage loans, savings account loans, automobile 
loans, boat loans, motorcycle loans, recreational vehicle loans and unsecured loans.  Consumer loans are made with both fixed 
and variable interest rates and with varying terms.  At September 30, 2018, consumer loans amounted to $40.86 million, or 5.0%, 
of the Bank's total loan portfolio.

At September 30, 2018, the largest component of the consumer loan portfolio consisted of second mortgage loans and 
home equity lines of credit, which totaled $37.34 million, or 4.6%, of the Bank's total loan portfolio.  Home equity lines of credit 
and  second  mortgage  loans  are  made  for  purposes  such  as  the  improvement  of  residential  properties,  debt  consolidation  and 
education expenses, among others.  The majority of these loans are made to existing customers and are secured by a first or second 
mortgage on residential property.  The loan-to-value ratio is typically 90% or less, when taking into account both the first and 
second mortgage loans.  Second mortgage loans typically carry fixed interest rates with a fixed payment over a term between five 
and 15 years.  Home equity lines of credit are generally made at interest rates tied to the Prime Rate.  Second mortgage loans and 
home equity lines of credit have greater credit risk than one- to four-family residential mortgage loans in which the Bank is in the 
first lien position because they are generally secured by mortgages subordinated to the existing first mortgage on the property.  
For those second mortgage loans and home equity lines credit which the Bank does not hold the existing first mortgage on the 
property, it is unlikely that the Bank will be successful in recovering all or a portion of the loan balance in the event of default 
unless the Bank is prepared to repay the first mortgage loan and such repayment and the costs associated with a foreclosure are 
justified by the value of the property.

Consumer loans entail greater risk than do residential mortgage loans, particularly in the case of consumer loans that are 
unsecured or secured by rapidly depreciating assets such as automobiles.  In such cases, any repossessed collateral for a defaulted 
consumer loan may not provide an adequate source of repayment of the outstanding loan balance as a result of the greater likelihood 
of damage, loss or depreciation.  The remaining deficiency often does not warrant further substantial collection efforts against the 
borrower  beyond  obtaining  a  deficiency  judgment.  In  addition,  consumer  loan  collections  are  dependent  on  the  borrower’s 
continuing  financial  stability  and  are  more  likely  to  be  adversely  affected  by  job  loss,  divorce,  illness  or  personal 
bankruptcy.  Furthermore, the application of various federal and state laws, including federal and state bankruptcy and insolvency 
laws, may limit the amount that can be recovered on such loans.  The Bank believes that these risks are not as prevalent in the 
case of the Bank’s consumer loan portfolio because a large percentage of the portfolio consists of second mortgage loans and home 
equity lines of credit that are underwritten in a manner such that they result in credit risk that is substantially similar to one- to 
four-family residential mortgage loans.  At September 30, 2018, five consumer loans totaling $359,000 were on non-accrual status.  
See “Lending Activities - Non-performing Loans and Delinquencies.”

Commercial Business Lending.  Commercial business loans totaled $43.05 million, or 5.2%, of the loan portfolio at 
September 30, 2018.  Commercial business loans are generally secured by business equipment, accounts receivable, inventory 
and/or other property and are made at variable rates of interest equal to a negotiated margin above the Prime Rate.  The Bank also 
generally obtains personal guarantees from the principals based on a review of personal financial statements.  The largest commercial 
business loan had an outstanding balance of $1.86 million at September 30, 2018 and was performing according to its repayment 
12

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
terms.  At  September 30,  2018,  two  commercial  business  loans  totaling  $170,000  were  on  non-accrual  status.  See  “Lending 
Activities - Non-performing Loans and Delinquencies.”

The  Bank  has  recently  increased  commercial  business  loan  originations  made  under  the  U.S.  Small  Business 
Administration ("SBA") 7(a) program.  Loans made by the Bank under the SBA 7(a) program generally are made to small businesses 
to provide working capital or to provide funding for the purchase of businesses, real estate, or equipment.  These loans generally 
are secured by a combination of assets that may include equipment, receivables, inventory, business real property, and sometimes 
a lien on the personal residence of the borrower.  The terms of these loans vary by purpose and type of underlying collateral.  The 
loans are primarily underwritten on the basis of the borrower's ability to service the loan from income.  Under the SBA 7(a) program 
the loans carry a SBA guaranty for up to 85% of the loan.  Typical maturities for this type of loan vary but can be up to ten years.  
SBA 7(a) loans are all adjustable rate loans based on the Prime Rate.  Under the SBA 7(a) program, the Bank can sell in the 
secondary market the guaranteed portion of its SBA 7(a) loans and retain the related unguaranteed portion of these loans, as well 
as the servicing on such loans, for which it is paid a fee.  The loan servicing spread is generally a minimum of 1.00% on all SBA 
7(a) loans.  The Bank generally offers SBA 7(a) loans within a range of $50,000 to $1.00 million. 

Commercial business lending generally involves greater risk than residential mortgage lending and involves risks that 
are different from those associated with residential and commercial real estate lending.  Real estate lending is generally considered 
to be collateral based lending with loan amounts based on predetermined loan to collateral values, and liquidation of the underlying 
real estate collateral is viewed as the primary source of repayment in the event of borrower default.  Although commercial business 
loans are often collateralized by equipment, inventory, accounts receivable and/or other business assets, the liquidation of collateral 
in the event of a borrower default is often an insufficient source of repayment because accounts receivable may be uncollectible 
and inventories and equipment may be obsolete or of limited use, among other things.  Accordingly, the repayment of a commercial 
business loan depends primarily on the creditworthiness of the borrower (and any guarantors), while liquidation of collateral is a 
secondary and often insufficient source of repayment.

Loan Maturity.  The following table sets forth certain information at September 30, 2018 regarding the dollar amount 
of loans maturing in the Bank’s portfolio based on their contractual terms to maturity but does not include scheduled payments 
or potential prepayments.  Loans having no stated maturity and overdrafts are reported as due in one year or less.

After
1 Year
Through
3 Years

Within
1 Year

After
After
5 Years
3 Years
Through
Through
10 Years
5 Years
(Dollars in thousands)

After
10 Years

Total

$

$

325
—
12,768
188,358
12,252

3,930
835
21,459
239,927

$

$

1,119
979
24,054
—
7,035

5,505
227
5,873
44,792

$

$

2,317
7,953
54,763
—
2,191

5,147
266
5,215
77,852

$

$

38,822
52,497
248,507
—
2,900

14,766
594
10,048
368,134

$

$

$

73,358
499
5,021
—
1,168

7,993
1,593
458
90,090

115,941
61,928
345,113
188,358
25,546

37,341
3,515
43,053
820,795

(83,237)
(2,637)
(9,530)
725,391

  $

Mortgage loans:

One- to four-family
Multi-family
Commercial
Construction (1)
Land

Consumer loans:

Home equity and second

mortgage

Other

Commercial business loans

Total

Less:

Undisbursed portion of

construction loans in process
Deferred loan origination fees, net
Allowance for loan losses

Total loans receivable, net

_____________
(1) 
loans once construction is completed.

Includes $119.56 million of construction/permanent loans, a portion of which may convert to permanent mortgage 

13

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The following table sets forth the dollar amount of all loans due after one year from September 30, 2018, which have 

fixed interest rates and have floating or adjustable interest rates:

Mortgage loans:

One- to four-family
Multi-family
Commercial
Land

Consumer loans:

Home equity and second mortgage
Other

Commercial business loans

Total

Fixed
Rates

Floating or
Adjustable 
Rates
 (Dollars in thousands)

Total

$

$

29,531
1,293
35,467
5,761

9,708
1,752
11,463
94,975

$

$

86,085
60,635
296,878
7,533

23,703
928
10,131
485,893

$

$

115,616
61,928
332,345
13,294

33,411
2,680
21,594
580,868

Scheduled contractual principal repayments of loans do not reflect the actual life of these assets.  The average life of 
loans is substantially less than their contractual terms because of prepayments.  In addition, due-on-sale clauses on loans generally 
give the Bank the right to declare loans immediately due and payable in the event, among other things, that the borrower sells the 
real property subject to the mortgage and the loan is not repaid.  The average life of mortgage loans tends to increase when current 
mortgage loan interest rates are substantially higher than interest rates on existing mortgage loans and, conversely, decrease when 
interest rates on existing mortgage loans are substantially higher than current mortgage loan interest rates.

Loan Solicitation and Processing.  Loan originations are obtained from a variety of sources, including walk-in customers 
and referrals from builders and realtors.  Upon receipt of a loan application from a prospective borrower, a credit report and other 
data are obtained to verify specific information relating to the loan applicant’s employment, income and credit standing.  An 
appraisal of the real estate offered as collateral generally is undertaken by a certified appraiser retained by the Bank.

Loan applications are initiated by loan officers and are required to be approved by an authorized loan officer or Bank 
underwriter, one of the Bank’s Loan Committees or the Bank’s Board of Directors.  The Bank’s Consumer Loan Committee consists 
of  several  underwriters,  each  of  whom  can  approve  one-  to  four-family  mortgage  loans  and  other  consumer  loans  up  to  and 
including the current Freddie Mac single-family limit.  Loan officers may also be granted individual approval authority for certain 
loans up to a maximum of $250,000.  The approval authority for individual loan officers is granted on a case by case basis by the 
Bank's Chief Credit Administrator or President.  All construction loans must be approved by a member of one of the Bank's Loan 
Committees or the Bank's Board of Directors, or in the case of one- to four- family construction loans that meet Freddie Mac 
guidelines, by the Regional Manager of Community Lending, the Loan Department Supervisor or a Bank underwriter, subject to 
their individual or Loan Committee loan limit.  The Bank’s Commercial Loan Committee, which consists of the Bank’s President, 
Chief Credit Administrator, Executive Vice President of Lending and Regional Manager of Community Lending, may approve 
commercial real estate loans and commercial business loans up to and including $1.50 million. The Bank’s President, Chief Credit 
Administrator  and  Executive Vice  President  of  Lending  also  have  individual  lending  authority  for  loans  up  to  and  including 
$750,000.  The Bank’s Board Loan Committee, which consists of two rotating non-employee Directors and the Bank’s President, 
may approve loans up to and including $3.00 million.  Loans in excess of $3.00 million, as well as loans of any amount granted 
to a single borrower whose aggregate loans exceed $3.00 million, must be approved by the Bank’s Board of Directors. 

Loan Originations, Purchases and Sales.  During the years ended September 30, 2018, 2017 and 2016, the Bank’s total 
gross loan originations were $329.59 million, $340.61 million and $267.35 million, respectively.  Periodically, the Bank purchases 
loan participation interests in construction, commercial real estate and multi-family loans, secured by properties generally located 
in Washington State, from other banks.  These participation loans are underwritten in accordance with the Bank’s underwriting 
guidelines and are without recourse to the seller other than for fraud.  During the years ended September 30, 2018, 2017 and 2016, 
the Bank purchased loan participation interests of $8.40 million, $13.10 million and $898,000, respectively. 

Consistent with its asset/liability management strategy, the Bank’s policy generally is to retain in its portfolio all ARM 
loans originated and to sell fixed rate one- to four-family mortgage loans in the secondary market to Freddie Mac; however, from 
time to time, a portion of fixed-rate loans may be retained in the Bank’s portfolio to meet its asset-liability objectives.  The Bank 
also began selling the guaranteed portion of some of its SBA 7(a) loans in the secondary market during the year ended September 

14

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
30, 2016.  Loans sold in the secondary market are generally sold on a servicing retained basis.  At September 30, 2018, the Bank’s 
loan servicing portfolio, which is not included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements, totaled $370.93 million.

The Bank also periodically sells participation interests in construction loans, commercial real estate loans, multi-family 
and commercial business loans to other lenders.  These sales are usually made to avoid concentrations in a particular loan type or 
concentrations to a particular borrower and to generate fee income.  During the years ended September 30, 2018, 2017 and 2016, 
the Bank sold loan participation interests of $253,000, $9.28 million, and $321,000, respectively.

The following table shows total loans originated, purchased, sold and repaid during the periods indicated. 

Loans originated:
Mortgage loans:
   One- to four-family
   Multi-family
   Commercial
   Construction
   Land
Consumer
Commercial business loans
Total loans originated

Loans and loan participations purchased:

Mortgage loans:
   Construction
Commercial business

Total loans purchased

Total loans originated and purchased

Loans sold:

Loan participation interests sold
Whole loans sold
Total loans sold

Loan principal repayments
Other items, net
Net increase in loans receivable

Year Ended September 30,

2018

2017
(Dollars in thousands)

2016

$

$

81,313
10,362
68,443
125,683
16,300
20,151
7,339
329,591

$

88,642
7,841
58,777
144,349
14,056
21,999
4,947
340,611

74,131
18,340
43,942
95,029
4,515
22,569
8,824
267,350

7,548
855
8,403
337,994

11,100
2,000
13,100
353,711

400
498
898
268,248

—
(66,384)
(66,384)

(9,284)
(72,158)
(81,442)

(321)
(58,582)
(58,903)

(235,609)
(974)
35,027

$

(211,303)
(33,748)
27,218

$

(155,368)
4,892
58,869

$

Loan Origination Fees.  The Bank receives loan origination fees on many of its mortgage loans and commercial business 
loans.  Loan fees are a percentage of the loan which are charged to the borrower for funding the loan.  The amount of fees charged 
by the Bank is generally up to 2.0% of the loan amount.  Accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America 
("GAAP") require fees received and certain loan origination costs for originating loans to be deferred and amortized into interest 
income over the contractual life of the loan.  Net deferred fees or costs associated with loans that are prepaid are recognized as 
income/expense at the time of prepayment.  Unamortized net deferred loan origination fees totaled $2.64 million at September 30, 
2018.

Non-performing Loans and Delinquencies.  The Bank assesses late fees or penalty charges on delinquent loans of 
approximately 5% of the monthly loan payment amount.  A majority of loan payments are due on the first day of the month; 
however, the borrower is given a 15 day grace period to make the loan payment.  When a mortgage loan borrower fails to make 
a required payment when due, the Bank institutes collection procedures. A notice is mailed to the borrower 16 days after the date 
the payment is due.  Attempts to contact the borrower by telephone generally begin on or before the 30th day of delinquency.  If 
a satisfactory response is not obtained, continuous follow-up contacts are attempted until the loan has been brought current.  Before 

15

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
the 90th day of delinquency, attempts are made to establish (i) the cause of the delinquency, (ii) whether the cause is temporary, 
(iii) the attitude of the borrower toward repaying the debt, and (iv) a mutually satisfactory arrangement for curing the default.

If the borrower is chronically delinquent and all reasonable means of obtaining payment on time have been exhausted, 
foreclosure is initiated according to the terms of the security instrument and applicable law.  Interest income on loans in foreclosure 
is reduced by the full amount of accrued and uncollected interest.

When a consumer loan borrower or commercial business borrower fails to make a required payment on a loan by the 
payment due date, the Bank institutes similar collection procedures as for its mortgage loan borrowers.  All loans becoming 90 
days or more past due are placed on non-accrual status, with any accrued interest reversed against interest income, unless they are 
well secured and in the process of collection.

The Bank’s Board of Directors is updated monthly as to the status of loans that are delinquent by more than 30 days and 

the status of all foreclosed and repossessed property owned by the Bank.

The following table sets forth information with respect to the Company's non-performing assets at the dates indicated:

Loans accounted for on a non-accrual basis:
Mortgage loans:

   One- to four-family (1)
   Multi-family
   Commercial
   Construction
   Land
Consumer loans

Commercial business loans

Total

Accruing loans which are contractually past due 90

days or more

Total of non-accrual and 90 days past due loans

2018

2017

At September 30,
2016
(Dollars in thousands)

2015

2014

$

545
—
—
—
243
359

170
1,317

—
1,317

$

874
—
213
—
566
258

—
1,911

—
1,911

$

914
—
612
367
548
432

—
2,873

135
3,008

$

2,368
760
1,016
—
1,558
338

—
6,040

151
6,191

$

4,376
—
1,468
—
4,564
501

—
10,909

812
11,721

Non-accrual investment securities

406

533

734

932

1,101

Other real estate owned and other repossessed assets (2)

Total non-performing assets (3)

Troubled debt restructured loans on accrual status (4)

1,913
3,636

2,955

3,301
5,745

3,342

4,117
7,859

7,629

7,854
14,977

12,485

$

$

9,092
21,914

16,804

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

Non-accrual and 90 days or more past due loans as a

percentage of loans receivable, net (5)

0.18%

0.27%

0.45%

1.02%

2.08%

Non-accrual and 90 days or more past due loans as a

percentage of total assets

0.13%

0.20%

0.34%

0.76%

1.57%

Non-performing assets as a percentage of total assets

0.36%

0.60%

0.88%

1.84%

2.94%

Loans receivable, net (5)
Total assets

$ 734,921
$1,018,290

$ 699,917
$ 952,024

$ 672,972
$ 891,388

$ 614,201
$ 815,815

$ 575,280
$ 745,565

16

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
_______________
(1) 

Includes non-accrual one- to four-family properties in the process of foreclosure totaling $0, $100, 
$138, $1,105 and $1,147 as of September 30, 2018, 2017, 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively. 
Includes foreclosed residential real estate property totaling $0, $875, $1,071, $2,868, and $2,903
as of September 30, 2018, 2017, 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively. 
Does not include troubled debt restructured loans on accrual status.
Does not include troubled debt restructured loans totaling $323, $253, $531, $1,233 and $2,284
recorded as non-accrual loans as of September 30, 2018, 2017, 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively.
Loans receivable, net for this table includes the deductions for the undisbursed portion of construction loans in process
and deferred loan origination fees and does not include the deduction for the allowance for loan losses.

(2) 

(3) 
(4) 

(5) 

The Bank’s non-accrual loans decreased by $594,000 to $1.32 million at September 30, 2018 from $1.91 million at 
September 30, 2017, primarily as a result of a $329,000 decrease in one-to four-family mortgage loans, a $323,000 decrease in 
land loans, and a $213,000 decrease in commercial real estate loans, on non-accrual status. These decreases were partially offset 
by a $170,000 increase in commercial business loans and a $101,000 increase in consumer loans, on non-accrual status.  A discussion 
of the Bank's largest non-performing loans is set forth below under “Asset Classification.”

Additional interest income which would have been recorded for the year ended September 30, 2018 had non-accruing 

loans been current in accordance with their original terms totaled $347,000.

Other Real Estate Owned and Other Repossessed Assets.  Real estate acquired by the Bank as a result of foreclosure 
or by deed-in-lieu of foreclosure is classified as other real estate owned (“OREO”) until sold.  When property is acquired, it is 
recorded at the estimated fair market value less estimated costs to sell.  At September 30, 2018, the Bank had $1.91 million of 
OREO and other repossessed assets consisting of 12 individual properties, a decrease of $1.39 million from $3.30 million at 
September 30, 2017.  The OREO properties consisted of 10 land parcels totaling $1.47 million, and two commercial real estate 
properties totaling $448,000.  The largest OREO property at September 30, 2018 was an undeveloped land parcel with a balance 
of $874,000 located in Lewis County.

Restructured Loans.  Under GAAP, the Bank is required to account for certain loan modifications or restructurings as 
“troubled debt restructurings” or "troubled debt restructured loans."  A troubled debt restructured loan ("TDR") is a loan for which 
the Company, for reasons related to a borrower's financial difficulties, grants a concession to the borrower that the Company would 
not otherwise consider.  Examples of such concessions include but are not limited to: a reduction in the stated interest rate; an 
extension of the maturity at an interest rate below current market rates; a reduction in the face amount of the debt; a reduction in 
the accrued interest; or re-amortizations, extensions, deferrals and renewals.  TDRs are considered impaired and are individually 
evaluated for impairment.  TDRs are classified as either accrual or non-accrual.  TDRs are classified as non-performing loans 
unless they have been performing in accordance with their modified terms for a period of at least six months. The Bank had TDRs 
at  September 30,  2018  and  2017  totaling  $3.28  million  and  $3.60  million,  respectively,  of  which  $323,000  and  $253,000, 
respectively, were on non-accrual status.  The allowance for loan losses allocated to TDR loans at September 30, 2018 and 2017 
was $97,000 and $10,000, respectively.  

Impaired Loans. In accordance with GAAP, a loan is considered impaired when based on current information and events 
it is probable that a creditor will be unable to collect all amounts (principal and interest) when due according to the contractual 
terms of the loan agreement.  Smaller  balance homogeneous loans, such as residential mortgage loans and consumer loans, may 
be collectively evaluated for impairment. When a loan has been identified as being impaired, the amount of the impairment is 
measured by using discounted cash flows, except when, as an alternative, the current estimated fair value of the collateral, reduced 
by estimated costs to sell (if applicable), or observable market price is used.  The valuation of real estate collateral is subjective 
in nature and may be adjusted in future periods because of changes in economic conditions.  Management considers third-party 
appraisals,  as  well  as  independent  fair  market  value  assessments  from  realtors  or  persons  involved  in  selling  real  estate,  in 
determining the estimated fair value of particular properties.  In addition, as certain of these third-party appraisals and independent 
fair  market  value  assessments  are  only  updated  periodically,  changes  in  the  values  of  specific  properties  may  have  occurred 
subsequent to the most recent appraisals.  Accordingly, the amounts of any such potential changes and any related adjustments 
are generally recorded at the time such information is received. When the measurement of the impaired loan is less than the 
recorded investment in the loan (including accrued interest and net deferred loan origination fees or costs), impairment is recognized 
by creating or adjusting an allocation of the allowance for loan losses and uncollected accrued interest is reversed against interest 
income.  If ultimate collection of principal is in doubt, all cash receipts on impaired loans are applied to reduce the principal 
balance.

The categories of non-accrual loans and impaired loans overlap, although they are not identical.  The Bank considers all 
circumstances regarding the loan and borrower on an individual basis when determining whether an impaired loan should be 
17

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
placed on non-accrual status, such as the financial strength of the borrower, the collateral value, reasons for delay, payment record, 
the amount past due and the number of days past due.  At September 30, 2018, the Bank had $4.27 million in impaired loans.  For 
additional information on impaired loans, see Note 4 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8 of 
this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Other Loans of Concern.  Loans not reflected in the table above as non-performing, but where known information about 
possible credit problems of borrowers causes management to have doubts as to the ability of the borrower to comply with present 
repayment terms and that may result in disclosure of such loans as non-performing assets in the future, are commonly referred to 
as “other loans of concern” or “potential problem loans.”  The amount included in potential problem loans results from an evaluation, 
on a loan-by-loan basis, of loans classified as “substandard” and “special mention,” as those terms are defined under “Asset 
Classification” below.  The amount of potential problem loans (not included in the table above as non-performing) was $5.0 million 
at September 30, 2018. The vast majority of these loans are collateralized by real estate.  See “Asset Classification” below for 
additional information regarding the Bank's problem loans.

Asset  Classification.  Applicable  regulations  require  that  each  insured  institution  review  and  classify  its  assets  on  a 
regular basis.  In addition, in connection with examinations of insured institutions, regulatory examiners have authority to identify 
problem assets and, if appropriate, require them to be classified.  There are three classifications for problem assets:  substandard, 
doubtful and loss.  Substandard loans are classified as those loans that are inadequately protected by the current net worth and 
paying capacity of the obligor, or of the collateral pledged.  Assets classified as substandard have a well-defined weakness or 
weaknesses  that  jeopardize  the  repayment  of  the  debt.  If  the  weakness  or  weaknesses  are  not  corrected  there  is  the  distinct 
possibility  that  some  loss  will  be  sustained.  Doubtful  assets  have  the  weaknesses  of  substandard  assets  with  the  additional 
characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions and 
values questionable, and there is a high possibility of loss.  An asset classified as loss is considered uncollectible and of such little 
value that continuance as an asset of the Bank is not warranted.  When the Bank classifies problem assets as either substandard 
or doubtful, it is required to establish allowances for loan losses in an amount deemed prudent by management.  These allowances 
represent loss allowances which have been established to recognize the inherent risk associated with lending activities and the 
risks associated with particular problem assets.  When the Bank classifies problem assets as loss, it charges off the balance of the 
asset against the allowance for loan losses.  Assets which do not currently expose the Bank to sufficient risk to warrant classification 
in one of the aforementioned categories but possess weaknesses are designated by the Bank as special mention.  Special mention 
loans are defined as those credits deemed by management to have some potential weakness that deserve management’s close 
attention.  If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in the deterioration of the payment prospects of the loan.  Assets 
in this category are not adversely classified and currently do not expose the Bank to sufficient risk to warrant a substandard 
classification. The Bank’s determination of the classification of its assets and the amount of its valuation allowances is subject to 
review by the FDIC and the Division which can require a different classification and the establishment of additional loss allowances.

The  aggregate  amounts  of  the  Bank’s  classified  and  special  mention  loans  (as  determined  by  the  Bank),  and  of  the 

Bank's  allowances for loan losses at the dates indicated, were as follows:

Loss
Doubtful
Substandard (1)(2)
Special mention (1)
Total classified and special
   mention loans

Allowance for loan losses

2018

At September 30,
2017
(Dollars in thousands)
— $
— $
—
—
3,253
3,182
7,783
3,123

6,305

9,530

$

$

11,036

9,553

$

$

2016

—
—
5,036
15,065

20,101

9,826

$

$

$

_____________
(1) 

For further information concerning the change in classified assets, see “Non-performing Loans and Delinquencies" 
above.
Includes non-performing loans.

(2) 

Loans classified as substandard decreased by $71,000 to $3.18 million at September 30, 2018 from $3.25 million at 
September 30, 2017.  At September 30, 2018, 28 loans were classified as substandard.   Of the $3.18 million in loans classified 
as substandard at September 30, 2018, $1.32 million were on non-accrual status.  The largest loan classified as substandard at 

18

 
 
 
 
 
 
        
 
September 30, 2018 had a balance of $509,000 and was secured by a single family home in Pierce County.  This loan was performing 
according to its restructured payment terms at September 30, 2018.  The next largest loan classified as substandard at September 30, 
2018 had a balance of $386,000 and was secured by a commercial building in Pierce County.  This loan was performing according 
to its payment terms at September 30, 2018.

Loans classified as special mention decreased by $4.66 million to $3.12 million at September 30, 2018 from $7.78 million

at September 30, 2017, primarily as a result of loans being upgraded to an improved risk grade category and loans being paid off  
during the year ended September 30, 2018.  At September 30, 2018, nine loans were classified as special mention.  The largest 
loan classified as special mention at September 30, 2018 had a balance of $648,000 and was secured by land in Grays Harbor 
County.  This loan was performing according to its payment terms at September 30, 2018.  The next largest loan classified as 
special mention at September 30, 2018 had a balance of $581,000 and was secured by a one- to four-family property in Pierce 
County.  This loan was performing according to its payment terms at September 30, 2018.

Allowance for Loan Losses.  The allowance for loan losses is maintained to absorb probable losses inherent in the loan 
portfolio.  The Bank has established a comprehensive methodology for the determination of provisions for loan losses that takes 
into consideration the need for an overall general valuation allowance.  The Bank’s methodology for assessing the adequacy of 
its allowance for loan losses is based on its historic loss experience for various loan segments; adjusted for changes in economic 
conditions, delinquency rates and other factors.  Using these loss estimate factors, management develops a range of probable loss 
for each loan category.  Certain individual loans for which full collectibility may not be assured are evaluated individually with 
loss exposure based on estimated discounted cash flows or net realizable collateral values.  The total estimated range of loss based 
on these two components of the analysis is compared to the loan loss allowance balance.  Based on this review, management will 
adjust the allowance as necessary.

In originating loans, the Bank recognizes that losses will be experienced and that the risk of loss will vary with, among 
other  things,  the  type  of  loan  being  made,  the  creditworthiness  of  the  borrower  over  the  term  of  the  loan,  general  economic 
conditions and, in the case of a secured loan, the quality of the security for the loan.  The Bank increases its allowance for loan 
losses by charging provisions for loan losses against the Bank's operating income.

The Board of Directors reviews the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses at least quarterly based on management's 

assessment of current economic conditions, past loss and collection experience, and risk characteristics of the loan portfolio.

At September 30, 2018, the Bank’s allowance for loan losses totaled $9.53 million.  The Bank’s allowance for loan losses 
as a percentage of total loans receivable and non-performing loans was 1.30% and 723.61%, respectively, at September 30, 2018
and 1.36% and 499.90%, respectively, at September 30, 2017.  The decrease in the allowance for loan losses as a percentage of 
total loans receivable was primarily due to a decrease in non-performing loans and  improvements in other underlying credit quality 
metrics in the loan portfolio.

Management believes that the amount maintained in the allowance for loan losses is adequate to absorb probable losses 
inherent in the portfolio. Although management believes that it uses the best information available to make its determinations, 
future adjustments to the allowance for loan losses may be necessary, and results of operations could be significantly and adversely 
affected if circumstances differ substantially from the assumptions used in making the determinations.

While the Bank believes it has established its existing allowance for loan losses in accordance with GAAP, there can be 
no assurance that regulators, in reviewing the Bank's loan portfolio, will not request the Bank to increase significantly its allowance 
for loan losses.  In addition, because future events affecting borrowers and collateral cannot be predicted with certainty, there can 
be no assurance that the existing allowance for loan losses is adequate or that substantial increases will not be necessary should 
the quality of any loans deteriorate as a result of the factors discussed above.  Any material increase in the allowance for loan 
losses may adversely affect the Bank's financial condition and results of operations.

19

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The  following  table  sets  forth  an  analysis  of  the  Bank's  allowance  for  loan  losses  for  the  periods  indicated:

Year Ended September 30,

Allowance at beginning of year
(Recapture of) provision for loan losses

$

$

9,553
—

9,826
(1,250)

2018

2017

2016
(Dollars in thousands)
$
9,924
—

$

Recoveries:
Mortgage loans:

One- to four-family
Multi-family
Commercial
Construction - speculative one- to four-family
Construction - multi-family
Construction - land development
Land

Consumer loans:

Home equity and second mortgage
Other

Commercial business loans
Total recoveries

Charge-offs:
Mortgage loans:

One- to four-family
Multi-family
Commercial
Land

Consumer loans:

Home equity and second mortgage
Other

Commercial business loans

Total charge-offs
Net recoveries (charge-offs)

—
—
—
13
—
—
19

—
1
—
33

—
—
(28)
(22)

—
(6)
—
(56)
(23)

21
—
1,061
6
—
—
19

—
3
—
1,110

—
—
(13)
(110)

—
(10)
—
(133)
977

56
—
—
2
181
—
24

—
2
5
270

(72)
—
(209)
(61)

(18)
(8)
—
(368)
(98)

2015

2014

10,427
(1,525)

$ 11,136
—

264
3
4
2
1,125
—
37

2
4
5
1,446

(220)
—
—
(145)

(50)
(9)
—
(424)
1,022

194
—
4
—
251
287
418

7
2
24
1,187

(1,106)
—
(463)
(260)

(47)
(6)
(14)
(1,896)
(709)

Allowance at end of year

$

9,530

$

9,553

$

9,826

$

9,924

$ 10,427

Allowance for loan losses as a percentage of total
loans receivable (net) outstanding at the end of
the year (1)

Net recoveries (charge-offs) as a percentage of
average loans outstanding during the year

Allowance for loan losses as a percentage of non-

performing loans at end of year

1.30%

1.36%

1.46 %

1.62%

1.81 %

—%

0.14%

(0.02)%

0.17%

(0.12)%

723.61%

499.90%

326.66 %

160.30%

88.96 %

______________
(1) 

Loans receivable, net for this table includes the deductions for the undisbursed portion of construction loans in process 
and net deferred loan origination fees and does not include the deduction for the allowance for loan losses.

20

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
21

Investment Activities

The investment policies of the Bank are established and monitored by the Board of Directors.  The policies are designed 
primarily to provide and maintain liquidity, to generate a favorable return on investments without incurring undue interest rate 
and credit risk, and to compliment the Bank’s lending activities.  These policies dictate the criteria for classifying securities as 
either available for sale or held to maturity.  The policies permit investment in various types of liquid assets permissible under 
applicable regulations, which include U.S. Treasury obligations, securities of various federal agencies, certificates of deposit of 
insured banks, federal funds, mortgage-backed securities, municipal bonds and mutual funds.  The Company's investment policy 
also permits investment in equity securities in certain financial service companies.

At September 30, 2018, the Bank’s investment portfolio totaled $13.96 million, consisting of $10.97 million of U.S. 
Treasury and U.S. government agency securities held to maturity, $1.85 million of mortgage-backed securities held to maturity, 
$917,000 of mutual funds available for sale and $237,000 of mortgage-backed securities available for sale.  The Bank does not 
maintain a trading account for any investments.  This compares with a total investment portfolio of $8.38 million at September 
30, 2017, consisting of $6.01 million of U.S. Treasury and U.S. government agency securities held to maturity, $1.13 million of 
mortgage-backed  securities  held  to  maturity,  $952,000  of  mutual  funds  available  for  sale  and  $289,000  of  mortgage-backed 
securities available for sale.  The composition of the portfolios by type of security at the dates indicated is presented in the following 
table:

2018

Recorded
Amount

Percent of
Total

At September 30,
2017

Percent of
Recorded
Amount
Total
(Dollars in thousands)

2016

Recorded
Amount

Percent of
Total

10,965
1,845

78.52% $
13.21

6,008
1,131

71.69% $
13.50

6,006
1,505

67.84%
17.00

Held to Maturity:

U.S.Treasury and U.S.

government agency securities

$

Mortgage-backed securities

Available for Sale:

Mortgage-backed securities
Mutual funds

237
917

1.70
6.57

289
952

3.45
11.36

366
976

4.13
11.03

Total portfolio

$

13,964

100.0% $

8,380

100.0% $

8,853

100.0%

The following table sets forth the maturities and weighted average yields of the securities in the Bank's portfolio at 

September 30, 2018.  Mutual funds, which by their nature do not have maturities, are classified in the one year or less category.

One Year or Less
Yield

Amount

After One to
Five Years

After Five to
Ten Years

After Ten
Years

Amount

Yield

Amount
(Dollars in thousands)

Yield

Amount

Yield

Held to Maturity:

U.S. Treasury and U.S.
government agency
securities

Mortgage-backed

securities

Available for Sale:

Mortgage-backed

securities
Mutual funds

$

7,969

2.15% $

2,996

1.46% $

—

—

969

2.33

—
917

—
2.20

—
—

—
—

Total portfolio

$

8,886

2.15% $

3,965

1.67% $

22

—

67

—
—

67

—% $

3.72

—

809

—%

9.42

—
—

237
—

4.85
—

3.72% $

1,046

8.39%

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
There were no securities which had an aggregate book value in excess of 10% of the Bank’s total equity at September 30, 
2018.   At September 30, 2018, the Bank had $460,000 of private label mortgage-backed securities in the held to maturity investment 
securities portfolio of which $406,000 were on non-accrual status.  For additional information regarding investment securities, 
see “Item 1A. Risk Factors – Our investment securities portfolio may be negatively impacted by fluctuations in market value and 
interest rates and result in losses” and Note 3 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8 of this 
Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Deposit Activities and Other Sources of Funds

General.  Deposits and loan repayments are the major sources of the Bank's funds for lending and other investment 
purposes.  Scheduled  loan  repayments  are  a  relatively  stable  source  of  funds,  while  deposit  inflows  and  outflows  and  loan 
prepayments are influenced significantly by general interest rates and money market conditions.  Borrowings through the Federal  
Home Loan Bank of Des Moines ("FHLB") and the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco ("FRB") may be used to compensate 
for reductions in the availability of funds from other sources.

Deposit Accounts.  Substantially all of the Bank's depositors are residents of Washington.  Deposits are attracted from 
within the Bank's market area through the offering of a broad selection of deposit instruments, including money market deposit 
accounts, checking accounts, regular savings accounts and certificates of deposit.  Deposit account terms vary, according to the 
minimum balance required, the time periods the funds must remain on deposit and the interest rate, among other factors.  In 
determining the terms of its deposit accounts, the Bank considers current market interest rates, profitability to the Bank, matching 
deposit and loan products and its customer preferences and concerns.  The Bank actively seeks consumer and commercial checking 
accounts through checking account acquisition marketing programs.  The Bank also has checking accounts owned by businesses 
associated with the marijuana (or Initiative-502) industry in Washington State.  It is permissible in Washington State to handle 
accounts associated with this industry in compliance with federal regulatory guidelines.  At September 30, 2018, the Bank had 
$22.52 million, or 2.5% of total deposits, from businesses associated with the marijuana industry.  See "Risk Factors- We operate 
in a highly regulated environment and may be adversely affected by changes in federal and state laws and regulations that could 
increase our costs of operations."

At September 30, 2018, the Bank had $18.16 million of jumbo certificates of deposit of $250,000 or more.  The Bank 
had brokered certificates of deposit totaling $3.20 million, brokered non-interest bearing demand accounts totaling $4.05 million, 
and $9.96 million in brokered reciprocal money market deposits at September 30, 2018.  The Bank believes that its jumbo certificates 
of deposit, which represented 2.0% of total deposits at September 30, 2018, present similar interest rate risks as compared to its 
other deposits.

The following table sets forth information concerning the Bank's deposits at September 30, 2018: 

Category

Non-interest bearing demand
Negotiable order of withdrawal (“NOW”) checking
Savings
Money market

Subtotal

Certificates of Deposit (1)

Maturing within 1 year
Maturing after 1 year but within 2 years
Maturing after 2 years but within 5 years
Maturing after 5 years

Total certificates of deposit

Total deposits

______________________
(1)    

Based on remaining maturity of certificates.

23

Weighted
Average
Interest 
Rate

Percentage
of Total
Deposits

Amount
(Dollars in thousands)

—% $

0.21
0.06
0.52
0.17

233,258
225,290
151,404
137,746
747,698

1.03
1.43
1.81
—
1.31
0.35% $

76,157
32,004
33,647
—
141,808
889,506

26.22%
25.33
17.02
15.49
84.06

8.56
3.60
3.78
—
15.94
100.00%

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The following table indicates the amount of the Bank's jumbo certificates of deposit by time remaining until maturity as 
of September 30, 2018.  Jumbo certificates of deposit have principal balances of $250,000 or more, and the rates paid on these 
accounts are generally negotiable.

Maturity Period

Three months or less
Over three through six months
Over six through twelve months
Over twelve months

Total

Amount
(Dollars in thousands)
2,623
$
4,910
3,880
6,751
18,164

$

Deposit Flow.  The following table sets forth the balances of deposits in the various types of accounts offered by the 

Bank at the dates indicated:

2018

Percent
of
Total

Increase
(Decrease)

Amount

At September 30,

2017
Percent
of
Total
(Dollars in thousands)

Amount

Increase
(Decrease)

Amount

2016

Percent
of
Total

Non-interest-bearing demand

$

233,258

26.22% $

27,306

$

205,952

24.58% $

33,669

$

172,283

22.62%

NOW checking

Savings

Money market
Certificates of deposit which
mature:

Within 1 year

After 1 year, but within 2 years

After 2 years, but within 5
years

Certificates maturing
thereafter

225,290

151,404

137,746

76,157

32,004

33,647

—

25.33

17.02

15.49

8.56

3.60

3.78

—

4,975

10,417

6,744

220,315

140,987

131,002

717

4,234

75,440

27,770

(2,640)

36,287

(145)

145

26.29

16.83

15.64

9.00

3.31

4.33

0.02

16,503

17,513

17,011

203,812

123,474

113,991

(12,620)

1,222

88,060

26,548

2,934

33,353

132

13

26.76

16.21

14.97

11.56

3.49

4.38

—

Total

$

889,506

100.0% $

51,608

$

837,898

100.0% $

76,364

$

761,534

100.00%

Certificates of Deposit by Rates.  The following table sets forth the certificates of deposit in the Bank classified by rates 

as of the dates indicated:

At September 30,
2017
(Dollars in thousands)
$

$

133,050
6,332
260
139,642

$

$

2018

108,527
33,016
265
141,808

2016

144,814
2,900
260
147,974

0.00 - 1.99%
2.00 - 3.99%
4.00 - 5.99%

Total

$

$

24

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Certificates of Deposit by Maturities.  The following table sets forth the amount and maturities of certificates of deposit 

at September 30, 2018:

Amount Due

0.00 - 1.99%
2.00 - 3.99%
4.00 - 5.99%

Total

$

$

66,174
9,820
163
76,157

$

$

21,320
10,684
—
32,004

$

21,033
12,512
102
33,647

Less Than
One Year

One to
Two
Years

After
Two to
Five
Years
(Dollars in thousands)
$

$

After
Five Years

Total

— $
—
—
— $

108,527
33,016
265
141,808

$

Deposit Activities.  The following table sets forth the deposit activities of the Bank for the periods indicated:

Beginning balance
Net deposits before interest credited
Interest credited
Net increase in deposits
Ending balance

$

$

837,898
48,830
2,778
51,608
889,506

761,534
74,146
2,218
76,364
837,898

$

$

678,912
80,581
2,041
82,622
761,534

2018

Year Ended September 30,
2017
(Dollars in thousands)
$

$

2016

Borrowings.  Deposits  and  loan  repayments  are  generally  the  primary  source  of  funds  for  the  Bank's  lending  and 
investment activities and for general business purposes.  The Bank has the ability to use borrowings from the FHLB to supplement 
its supply of lendable funds and to meet deposit withdrawal requirements.  The FHLB functions as a central reserve bank providing 
credit for member financial institutions.  As a member of the FHLB, the Bank is required to own capital stock in the FHLB and 
is authorized to apply for borrowings on the security of such stock and certain mortgage loans and other assets (principally securities 
which  are  obligations  of,  or  guaranteed  by,  the  U.S.  government)  provided  certain  creditworthiness  standards  have  been 
met.  Borrowings are made pursuant to several different credit programs.  Each credit program has its own interest rate and range 
of maturities.  Depending on the program, limitations on the amount of borrowings are based on the financial condition of the 
member institution and the adequacy of collateral pledged to secure the credit. At September 30, 2018, the Bank maintained an 
uncommitted credit facility with the FHLB that provided for immediately available borrowings up to an aggregate amount to 45% 
of the Bank’s total assets, limited by available collateral.  The Bank had no outstanding balance on this borrowing line at September 
30, 2018.  The Bank also has a Letter of Credit ("LOC") of up to $23.00 million with the FHLB for the purpose of collateralizing 
Washington State public deposits. The LOC amount reduces the Bank's available FHLB borrowings.  The Bank maintains a short-
term borrowing line of credit with the FRB with total credit based on eligible collateral.  At September 30, 2018, the Bank had no 
outstanding balance and $76.70 million in unused borrowing capacity on this borrowing line of credit.  A short-term borrowing 
line of credit of $10.00 million is also maintained at Pacific Coast Bankers' Bank ("PCBB").  The Bank had no outstanding balance 
on this borrowing line of credit at September 30, 2018. 

The following table sets forth certain information regarding borrowings, including repurchase agreements, by the Bank 

at the end of and during the periods indicated:

Average total borrowings

Weighted average rate paid on total borrowings

Total borrowings outstanding at end of period

$

$

2018

At or For the
Year Ended September 30,
2017
(Dollars in thousands)
$ 17,096

—

2016

$ 44,959

—%

5.73% (1)

4.52% (2)

—

$

—

$ 30,000

________________________
(1)  Includes a prepayment penalty of $282. The weighted average rate without the prepayment penalty was 4.08%.

25

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(2)  Includes a prepayment penalty of $138. The weighted average rate without the prepayment penalty was 4.21%.

The Bank did not have any short-term borrowings for the years ended September 30, 2018, 2017 and 2016.

Bank Owned Life Insurance

The  Bank  has  purchased  life  insurance  policies  covering  certain  officers.  These  policies  are  recorded  at  their  cash 
surrender value, net of any cash surrender charges.  Increases in cash surrender value, net of policy premiums, and proceeds from 
death benefits are recorded in non-interest income.  At September 30, 2018, the cash surrender value of bank owned life insurance 
(“BOLI”) was $19.81 million.

How We Are Regulated

General.  As a bank holding company, Timberland Bancorp is subject to examination and supervision by, and is required 
to file certain reports with, the Federal Reserve.  Timberland Bancorp is also subject to the rules and regulations of the SEC under 
the federal securities laws.  As a state-chartered savings bank, the Bank is subject to regulation and oversight by the Division and 
the applicable provisions of Washington law and regulations of the Division adopted thereunder.  The Bank also is subject to 
regulation and examination by the FDIC, which insures the deposits of the Bank to the maximum extent permitted by law, and 
requirements established by the Federal Reserve.  State law and regulations govern the Bank's ability to take deposits and pay 
interest thereon, to make loans on or invest in residential and other real estate, to make consumer loans, to invest in securities, to 
offer various banking services to its customers and to establish branch offices.  Under state law, savings banks in Washington also 
generally have all of the powers that federal savings banks have under federal laws and regulations.  The Bank is subject to periodic 
examination and reporting requirements by and of the Division and the FDIC.

The following is a brief description of certain laws and regulations applicable to Timberland Bancorp and the Bank.  
Descriptions of laws and regulations here and elsewhere in this report do not purport to be complete and are qualified in their 
entirety by reference to the actual laws and regulations.  Legislation is introduced from time to time in the U.S. Congress or the 
Washington State Legislature that may affect the operations of Timberland Bancorp and the Bank.  In addition, the regulations 
governing the Company and the Bank may be amended from time to time by the FDIC, DFI, Federal Reserve and the Consumer 
Financial  Protection  Bureau  ("CFPB").   Any  such  legislation  or  regulatory  changes  in  the  future  could  adversely  affect  the 
Company's and the Bank's operations and financial condition.  We cannot predict whether any such changes may occur.

The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (the “Dodd-Frank Act”), which was enacted in July 
2010, imposed new restrictions and an expanded framework of regulatory oversight for financial institutions, including depository 
institutions and their holding companies. Among other changes, the Dodd-Frank Act established the CFPB as an independent 
bureau of the Federal Reserve. The CFPB assumed responsibility for the implementation of the federal financial consumer protection 
and fair lending laws and regulations and has authority to impose new requirements.  The Bank is subject to consumer protection 
regulations issued by the CFPB, but as a smaller financial institution, the Bank is generally subject to supervision and enforcement 
by the FDIC and the DFI with respect to its compliance with consumer financial protection laws and CFPB regulations.

Regulation of the Bank

The Bank, as a state-chartered savings bank, is subject to regulation and oversight by the FDIC and the Division extending 

to all aspects of its operations.  

Federal and State Enforcement Authority and Actions. As part of its supervisory authority over Washington-chartered 
savings banks, the Division may initiate enforcement proceedings to obtain a consent order to cease and desist against an institution 
believed to have engaged in unsafe and unsound practices or to have violated a law, regulation, or other regulatory limit, including 
a written agreement. The FDIC also has the authority to initiate enforcement actions against insured institutions for similar reasons 
and may terminate the deposit insurance if it determines that an institution has engaged in unsafe or unsound practices or is in an 
unsafe or unsound condition. Both of these agencies may utilize less formal supervisory tools to address their concerns about the 
condition, operations or compliance status of a savings bank.

Insurance of Accounts and Regulation by the FDIC.  The deposit insurance fund (the "DIF") of the FDIC insures 
deposit accounts in the Bank up to $250,000 per separately insured deposit ownership right or category.  As insurer, the FDIC 
imposes deposit insurance premiums and is authorized to conduct examinations of and to require reporting by FDIC-insured 
institutions.  The Bank's deposit insurance premiums for the year ended September 30, 2018 were $294,000.  

26

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Under the FDIC's system for assessing insurance premiums, insured institutions that do not have assets of $10 billion 
are assessed based on CAMELS component ratings and certain financial ratios.  For these institutions, total base assessment rates 
range from 3 to 30 basis points, subject to adjustment.  Stronger institutions pay lower rates, while riskier institutions pay higher 
rates.  Assessments are applied to an institution's assessment base, which is its average consolidated total assets minus average 
tangible equity.  The FDIC has authority to increase insurance assessments, and any significant increases would have an adverse 
effect on the operating expenses and results of operations of the Bank.  Management cannot predict what assessment rates will be 
in the future.

As insurer, the FDIC is authorized to conduct examinations of and to require reporting by FDIC-insured institutions.  It 
also may prohibit any FDIC-insured institution from engaging in any activity the FDIC determines by regulation or order to pose 
a serious threat to the DIF.  The FDIC also has the authority to take enforcement actions against banks and savings associations.  
Management is not aware of any existing circumstances which would result in termination of the Bank's deposit insurance.

In addition to the assessment for deposit insurance, institutions are required to make payments on bonds issued in the 
late 1980s by the Financing Corporation to recapitalize a predecessor deposit insurance fund.  These assessments, which may be 
revised based upon the level of DIF deposits, will continue until the bonds mature in 2019.  The Financing Corporation was 
chartered in 1987 solely for the purpose of functioning as a vehicle for the recapitalization of the deposit insurance system.

A significant increase in insurance premiums would likely have an adverse effect on the operating expenses and results 

of operations of the Bank.  

Capital Requirements.  Effective January 1, 2015 (with some changes transitioned into full effectiveness over two to 
four years), the Bank became subject to new capital regulations adopted by the FDIC, which created a new required ratio for 
common equity Tier 1 ("CET1") capital, increased the minimum leverage and Tier 1 capital ratios, changed the risk-weightings 
of certain assets for purposes of the risk-based capital ratios, created an additional capital conservation buffer over the required 
capital ratios, and changed what qualifies as capital for purposes of meeting the capital requirements.  The Federal Reserve adopted 
parallel regulations for bank holding companies.  These regulations implement the regulatory capital reforms required by the Dodd 
Frank Act and the "Basel III" requirements. 

Under the capital regulations, the required minimum capital level ratios are (i) a CET1 capital ratio of 4.5%; (ii) a Tier 
1 capital ratio of 6.0%;  (iii) a total capital ratio of 8.0%; and (iv) a leverage ratio of 4.0%.  CET1 generally consists of common 
stock; retained earnings; accumulated other comprehensive income ("AOCI") unless an institution elects to exclude AOCI from 
regulatory capital; and certain minority interests; all subject to applicable regulatory adjustments and deductions.  Tier 1 capital 
generally consists of CET1 and noncumulative perpetual preferred stock.  Tier 2 capital generally consists of other preferred stock 
and subordinated debt meeting certain conditions plus an amount of the allowance for loan and lease losses up to 1.25% of assets.  
Total capital is the sum of Tier 1 and Tier 2 capital.  The leverage ratio is the ratio of Tier 1 capital to average consolidated assets 
as reported on Call Reports, minus certain items deducted from Tier 1 capital.

In addition to the minimum capital requirements, the Bank must maintain a capital conservation buffer that consists of 
additional CET1 capital greater than 2.5% of risk-weighted assets above the required minimum risk-based capital ratios in order 
to avoid limitations on paying dividends, repurchasing shares and paying certain discretionary bonuses.  The capital conservation 
buffer requirement is subject to a phase-in period that began on January 1, 2016 with the requirement for a buffer of greater than 
0.625%  of  risk-weighted  assets.    This  capital  conservation  buffer  increases  each  year  until  the  capital  conservation  buffer 
requirement is fully implemented on January 1, 2019. At September 30, 2018 the conservation buffer was an amount greater than 
1.875%.

In addition to the capital requirements, there have been a number of changes in what constitutes regulatory capital, subject 
to transition periods. These changes include the phasing-out of certain instruments of qualifying capital. The Bank did not have 
any of these instruments at September 30, 2018. Mortgage servicing rights and deferred tax assets over designated percentages 
of CET1 are deducted from capital, subject to a four-year transition period. CET1 capital consists of Tier 1 capital less all capital 
components that are not considered common equity.  In addition, Tier 1 capital includes accumulated other comprehensive income 
(loss), which includes all unrealized gains and losses on available for sale debt and equity securities, subject to a four-year transition 
period. Because of the Bank's asset size, it was not considered an advanced approaches banking organization and elected in the 
first quarter of calendar year 2015 to take the one-time option of deciding to permanently opt-out of the inclusion of unrealized 
gains and losses on available for sale debt and equity securities in its capital calculations.

The following table compares the Bank's actual capital amounts at September 30, 2018 to its minimum regulatory capital 

requirements at that date (Dollars in thousands):

27

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Actual

Regulatory Minimum To
Be "Adequately
Capitalized

Amount

Ratio

Amount

Ratio

Regulatory Minimum To
Be "Well Capitalized"
Under Prompt Corrective
Action Provisions
Ratio

Amount

Leverage Capital Ratio:

Tier 1 capital

$ 117,336

11.73% $

40,024

4.00% $

50,031

5.00%

Risk-based Capital Ratios:

CET1 capital

117,336

16.74

31,539

Tier 1 capital

117,336

16.74

42,052

Total capital

126,109

17.99

56,070

4.50

6.00

8.00

45,557

6.50

56,070

8.00

70,087

10.00

The  FDIC  also  has  authority  to  establish  individual  minimum  capital  requirements  in  appropriate  cases  upon  a 
determination  that  an  institution's  capital  level  is  or  may  become  inadequate  in  light  of  particular  risks  or  circumstances.  
Management  of  the  Bank  believes  that,  under  the  current  regulations,  the  Bank  will  continue  to  meet  its  minimum  capital 
requirements in the foreseeable future.

For  additional  information  regarding  the  Bank's  regulatory  capital  requirements,  see  Note  15  of  the  Notes  to  the 

Consolidated Financial Statements contained in "Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data" of this Form 10-K.

Prompt Corrective Action.  Federal statutes establish a supervisory framework based on five capital categories:  well 
capitalized,  adequately  capitalized,  undercapitalized,  significantly  undercapitalized  and  critically  undercapitalized.  An 
institution’s category depends upon where its capital levels are in relation to relevant capital measures, which include a risk-based 
capital measure, a leverage ratio capital measure and certain other factors.  An institution that is not well capitalized is subject to 
certain restrictions on brokered deposits, including restrictions on the rates it can offer on its deposits generally. Any institution 
which is neither well capitalized nor adequately capitalized is considered undercapitalized.  Under these regulations, an institution 
is treated as well capitalized if it has (i) a total risk-based capital ratio of 10.0% or more, (ii) a CET1 risk-based capital ratio of 
6.5% or more, (iii) a Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio of 8.0% or more, and (iv) a leverage ratio of 5.0% or more, and is not subject 
to any of certain specified requirements to meet and maintain a specific capital level for any capital measure.

Undercapitalized  institutions  are  subject  to  certain  prompt  corrective  action  requirements,  regulatory  controls  and 
restrictions which become more extensive as an institution becomes more severely undercapitalized.  Failure by an institution to 
comply with applicable capital requirements would, if unremedied, result in progressively more severe restrictions on its activities 
and lead to enforcement actions, including, but not limited to, the issuance of a capital directive to ensure the maintenance of 
required capital levels and, ultimately, the appointment of the FDIC as receiver or conservator.  Banking regulators will take prompt 
corrective action with respect to depository institutions that do not meet minimum capital requirements.  Additionally, approval 
of any regulatory application filed for their review may be dependent on compliance with capital requirements.

At September 30, 2018, the Bank was categorized as “well capitalized” under the prompt corrective action regulations 
of  the  FDIC.  For  additional  information  regarding  the  Bank's  minimum  regulatory  capital  requirements,  see  "Capital 
Requirements" above and Note 15 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements contained in “Item 8. Financial Statements 
and Supplementary Data” of this Form 10-K.

Federal Home Loan Bank System. The Bank is a member of the FHLB, one of 11 regional Federal Home Loan Banks 
that administer the home financing credit function of savings institutions, each serving as a reserve or central bank for its members 
within its assigned region.  It is funded primarily from proceeds derived from the sale of consolidated obligations of the FHLB 
System.  It makes loans  to members in accordance with policies and procedures, established by the Board of Directors of the 
FHLB, which are subject to the oversight of the Federal Housing Finance Board.  All borrowings from the FHLB are required to 
be fully secured by sufficient collateral as determined by the FHLB.  In addition, all long-term borrowings are required to provide 
funds for residential home financing.  See “Deposit Activities and Other Sources of Funds – Borrowings" above.

As a member, the Bank is required to purchase and maintain stock in the FHLB based on the Bank's asset size and level 
of borrowings from the FHLB.  At September 30, 2018, the Bank had $1.19 million in FHLB stock, which was in compliance 

28

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
with this requirement.  The FHLB pays dividends quarterly, and the Bank received $26,000 in dividends during the year ended 
September 30, 2018. 

The Federal Home Loan Banks continue to contribute to low- and moderately-priced housing programs through direct 
loans  or  interest  subsidies  on  borrowings  targeted  for  community  investment  and  low-  and  moderate-income  housing 
projects.  These  contributions  have  adversely  affected  the  level  of  FHLB  dividends  paid  and  could  continue  to  do  so  in  the 
future.  These contributions could also have an adverse effect on the value of FHLB stock in the future.  A reduction in value of 
the Bank's FHLB stock may result in a decrease in net income and possibly capital.

Standards  for  Safety  and  Soundness.  The  federal  banking  regulatory  agencies  have  prescribed,  by  regulation, 
guidelines for all insured depository institutions relating to: internal controls, information systems and internal audit systems, loan 
documentation,  credit  underwriting,  interest  rate  risk  exposure,  asset  growth,  asset  quality,  earnings,  compensation,  fees  and 
benefits.  The guidelines set forth the safety and soundness standards that the federal banking agencies use to identify and address 
problems at insured depository institutions before capital becomes impaired.  Each insured depository institution must implement 
a comprehensive written information security program that includes administrative, technical and physical safeguards appropriate 
to the institution’s size and complexity and the nature and scope of its activities.  The information security program also must be 
designed to ensure the security and confidentiality of customer information, protect against any unanticipated threats or hazards 
to the security or integrity of such information, protect against unauthorized access to or use of such information that could result 
in substantial harm or inconvenience to any customer, and ensure the proper disposal of customer and consumer information.  Each 
insured depository institution must also develop and implement a risk-based response program to address incidents of unauthorized 
access to customer information in customer information systems.  If the FDIC determines that the Bank fails to meet any standard 
prescribed by the guidelines, it may require the Bank to submit to the agency an acceptable plan to achieve compliance with the 
standard.  FDIC  regulations  establish  deadlines  for  the  submission  and  review  of  such  safety  and  soundness  compliance 
plans.  Management of the Bank is not aware of any conditions relating to these safety and soundness standards which would 
require submission of a plan of compliance.

Real Estate Lending Standards.  FDIC regulations require the Bank to adopt and maintain written policies that establish 
appropriate limits and standards for real estate loans.  These standards, which must be consistent with safe and sound banking 
practices, must establish loan portfolio diversification standards, prudent underwriting standards (including loan-to-value ratio 
limits) that are clear and measurable, loan administration procedures, and documentation, approval and reporting requirements.  The 
Bank is obligated to monitor conditions in its real estate markets to ensure that its standards continue to be appropriate for current 
market conditions.  The Bank’s Board of Directors is required to review and approve the Bank’s standards at least annually.  The 
FDIC has published guidelines for compliance with these regulations, including supervisory limitations on loan-to-value ratios 
for different categories of real estate loans.  Under the guidelines, the aggregate amount of all loans in excess of the supervisory 
loan-to-value ratios should not exceed 100% of total capital, and the total of all loans for commercial, agricultural, multi-family 
or other non-one- to four-family residential properties in excess of the supervisory loan-to-value ratio should not exceed 30% of 
total capital.  Loans in excess of the supervisory loan-to-value ratio limitations must be identified in the Bank’s records and reported 
at least quarterly to the Bank’s Board of Directors.  The Bank is in compliance with the record and reporting requirements.  As of 
September 30, 2018, the Bank’s aggregate loans in excess of the supervisory loan-to-value ratios were 0.6% of total capital and 
the Bank's loans on commercial, agricultural, multi-family or other non-one- to four-family residential properties in excess of the 
supervisory loan-to-value ratios were 0.1% of total capital.

Activities  and  Investments  of  Insured  State-Chartered  Financial  Institutions.  Federal  law  generally  limits  the 
activities and equity investments of FDIC-insured state-chartered banks to those that are permissible for national banks.  An insured 
state bank is not prohibited from, among other things, (i) acquiring or retaining a majority interest in a subsidiary, (ii) investing 
as a limited partner in a partnership, the sole purpose of which is direct or indirect investment in the acquisition, rehabilitation or 
new construction of a qualified housing project, provided that such limited partnership investments may not exceed 2% of the 
bank's total assets, (iii) acquiring up to 10% of the voting stock of a company that solely provides or reinsures directors' and 
officers' liability insurance coverage or bankers' blanket bond group insurance coverage for insured depository institutions, and 
(iv)  acquiring  or  retaining  the  voting  shares  of  a  depository  institution  owned  by  another  FDIC-insured  institution  if  certain 
requirements are met.

Under the law of Washington State, Washington-chartered savings banks may exercise any of the powers of Washington-
chartered commercial banks, national banks and federally-chartered savings banks, subject to the approval of the Director in certain 
situations.  In addition,Washington-chartered savings banks may charge the maximum interest rate allowable for loans and other 
extensions of credit by federally-chartered financial institutions to Washington residents.

Environmental  Issues  Associated  With  Real  Estate  Lending.  The  Comprehensive  Environmental  Response, 
Compensation and Liability Act (“CERCLA”) is a federal statute that generally imposes strict liability on all prior and present 
29

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
"owners and operators" of sites containing hazardous waste.  However,  Congress acted to protect secured creditors by providing 
that the term “owner and operator” excludes a person whose ownership is limited to protecting its security interest in the site.  Since 
the enactment of the CERCLA, this “secured creditor exemption” has been the subject of judicial interpretations which have left 
open the possibility that lenders could be liable for cleanup costs on contaminated property that they hold as collateral for a loan.

To the extent that legal uncertainty exists in this area, all creditors, including the Bank, that have made loans secured by 
properties with potential hazardous waste contamination (such as petroleum contamination) could be subject to liability for cleanup 
costs, which costs often substantially exceed the value of the collateral property.

Federal Reserve System.  The Federal Reserve requires that all depository institutions maintain reserves on transaction 
accounts or non-personal time deposits.  These reserves may be in the form of cash or non-interest-bearing deposits with the 
regional  Federal  Reserve  Bank.  Negotiable  order  of  withdrawal  ("NOW")  accounts  and  other  types  of  accounts  that  permit 
payments or transfers to third parties fall within the definition of transaction accounts and are subject to reserve requirements, as 
are any non-personal time deposits at a savings bank.  As of September 30, 2018, the Bank’s deposit with the Federal Reserve and 
vault cash exceeded its Regulation D reserve requirements.

Affiliate Transactions.  Federal laws strictly limit the ability of banks to engage in certain transactions with their affiliates, 
including their bank holding companies.  Transactions deemed to be a “covered transaction” under Section 23A of the Federal 
Reserve Act and between a subsidiary bank and its parent company or the nonbank subsidiaries of the bank holding company are 
limited to 10% of the bank subsidiary’s capital and surplus and, with respect to the parent company and all such nonbank subsidiaries, 
to an aggregate of 20% of the bank subsidiary’s capital and surplus.  Further, covered transactions that are loans and extensions 
of credit generally are required to be secured by eligible collateral in specified amounts.  Federal law also requires that covered 
transactions and certain other transactions between a bank and its affiliates listed in Section 23B of the Federal Reserve Act and 
related regulations must be on terms as favorable to the bank as transactions with non-affiliates.

Community Reinvestment Act. Banks are also subject to the provisions of the Community Reinvestment Act of 1977 
(“CRA”), which requires the appropriate federal bank regulatory agency to assess a bank’s performance under the CRA in meeting 
the credit needs of the community serviced by the bank, including low- and moderate-income neighborhoods.  The regulatory 
agency’s assessment of the bank’s record is made available to the public.  Further, a bank’s performance must be considered in 
connection with a bank’s application to, among other things, establish a new branch office that will accept deposits, relocate an 
existing office or merge or consolidate with, or acquire the assets or assume the liabilities of, a federally regulated financial 
institution.  The Bank received a “satisfactory” rating during its most recent examination.

Dividends.  Dividends from the Bank constitute the major source of funds available for dividends which may be paid to 
Company shareholders.  The amount of dividends payable by the Bank to the Company depends upon the Bank's earnings and 
capital position, and is limited by federal and state laws, regulations and policies. According to Washington law, the Bank may 
not declare or pay a cash dividend on its capital stock if it would cause its net worth to be reduced below (i) the amount required 
for liquidation accounts or (ii) the net worth requirements, if any, imposed by the Director of the Division.  In addition, dividends 
on the Bank's capital stock may not be paid in an aggregate amount greater than the aggregate retained earnings of the Bank, 
without the approval of the Director of the Division.  Dividends payable by the Bank can be limited or prohibited if the Bank does 
not meet the capital conservation buffer requirement.

The amount of dividends actually paid during any one period will be strongly affected by the Bank's management policy 
of maintaining a strong capital position.  Federal law further provides that no insured depository institution may pay a cash dividend 
if it would cause the institution to be “undercapitalized,” as defined in the prompt corrective action regulations.  Moreover, the 
federal bank regulatory agencies also have the general authority to limit the dividends paid by insured banks if such payments 
should be deemed to constitute an unsafe and unsound practice.

Other Consumer Protection Laws and Regulations.  The Bank is subject to a broad array of federal and state consumer 
protection laws and regulations that govern almost every aspect of its business relationships with consumers.  While the list set 
forth below is not exhaustive, these include the Truth-in-Lending Act, the Truth in Savings Act, the Electronic Fund Transfer Act, 
the Expedited Funds Availability Act, the Equal Credit Opportunity Act, the Fair Housing Act, the Real Estate Settlement Procedures 
Act,  the  Home  Mortgage  Disclosure Act,  the  Fair  Credit  Reporting Act,  the  Fair  Debt  Collection  Practices Act,  the  Right  to 
Financial Privacy Act, the Home Ownership and Equity Protection Act, the Consumer Leasing Act, the Fair Credit Billing Act, 
the Homeowners Protection Act, the Check Clearing for the 21st Century Act, laws governing flood insurance, laws governing 
consumer protections in connection with the sale of insurance, federal and state laws prohibiting unfair and deceptive business 
practices,  and  various  regulations  that  implement  some  or  all  of  the  foregoing.  These  laws  and  regulations  mandate  certain 
disclosure requirements and regulate the manner in which financial institutions must deal with customers when taking deposits, 
making loans, collecting loans, and providing other services.  Failure to comply with these laws and regulations can subject the 
30

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Bank to various penalties, including but not limited to, enforcement actions, injunctions, fines, civil liability, criminal penalties, 
punitive damages, and the loss of certain contractual rights.

Regulation of the Company

General.  The Company, as the sole shareholder of the Bank, is a bank holding company registered with the Federal 
Reserve.  Bank  holding  companies  are  subject  to  comprehensive  regulation  by  the  Federal  Reserve  under  the  Bank  Holding 
Company Act of 1956, as amended (“BHCA”), and the regulations promulgated thereunder.  This regulation and oversight is 
generally intended to ensure that the Company limits its activities to those allowed by law and that it operates in a safe and sound 
manner without endangering the financial health of the Bank.

As a bank holding company, the Company is required to file quarterly reports with the Federal Reserve and any additional 
information required by the Federal Reserve and is subject to regular examinations by the Federal Reserve.  The Federal Reserve 
also has extensive enforcement authority over bank holding companies, including the ability to assess civil money penalties, to 
issue  cease  and  desist  or  removal  orders  and  to  require  that  a  holding  company  divest  subsidiaries  (including  its  bank 
subsidiaries).  In  general,  enforcement  actions  may  be  initiated  for  violations  of  laws  and  regulations  and  unsafe  or  unsound 
practices.

BHCA.  The Company is supervised by the Federal Reserve under the BHCA.  Federal Reserve policy requires that a 
bank holding company serve as a source of financial and managerial strength to its subsidiary banks and may not conduct its 
operations in an unsafe or unsound manner.  In addition, the Federal Reserve provides that bank holding companies should serve 
as a source of strength to its subsidiary banks by being prepared to use available resources to provide adequate capital funds to 
its subsidiary banks during periods of financial stress or adversity, and should maintain the financial flexibility and capital raising 
capacity to obtain additional resources for assisting its subsidiary banks.  A bank holding company's failure to meet its obligation 
to serve as a source of strength to its subsidiary bank will generally be considered by the Federal Reserve to be an unsafe and 
unsound banking practice or a violation of the Federal Reserve's regulations or both.  The Dodd-Frank Act essentially codified 
this policy.

Under the BHCA, the Federal Reserve may approve the ownership of shares by a bank holding company in any company 
the activities of which the Federal Reserve has determined to be so closely related to the business of banking or managing or 
controlling banks as to be a proper incident thereto.  These activities generally include, among others, operating a savings institution, 
mortgage  company,  finance  company,  escrow  company,  credit  card  company  or  factoring  company;  performing  certain  data 
processing operations; providing certain investment and financial advice; underwriting and acting as an insurance agent for certain 
types of credit related insurance; leasing property on a full payout, non-operating basis; selling money orders, travelers’ checks 
and U.S. Savings Bonds; real estate and personal property appraising; providing tax planning and preparation services; and, subject 
to certain limitations, providing securities brokerage services for customers.

Acquisitions.  The BHCA prohibits a bank holding company, with certain exceptions, from acquiring direct or indirect 
ownership or control of more than 5% of the voting shares of any company that is not a bank or bank holding company and from 
engaging directly or indirectly in activities other than those of banking, managing or controlling banks, or providing services for 
its subsidiaries.  A bank holding company that meets certain supervisory and financial standards and elects to be designated as a 
financial holding company may also engage in certain securities, insurance and merchant banking activities and other activities 
determined to be financial in nature or incidental to financial activities.  

Interstate Banking.  The Federal Reserve may approve an application of a bank holding company to acquire control of, 
or acquire all or substantially all of the assets of, a bank located in a state other than such holding company's home state, without 
regard to whether the transaction is prohibited by the laws of any state except with respect to the acquisition of a bank that has 
not been in existence for the minimum time period, not exceeding five years, specified by the law of the host state.  The Federal 
Reserve may not approve an application if the applicant controls or would control more than 10% of the insured deposits in the 
U.S. or 30% or more of the deposits in the target bank's home state or in any state in which the target bank maintains a branch.  Federal 
law does not affect the authority of states to limit the percentage of total insured deposits in the state that may be held or controlled 
by  a  bank  holding  company  to  the  extent  such  limitation  does  not  discriminate  against  out-of-state  banks  or  bank  holding 
companies.  Individual states may also waive the 30% state-wide concentration limit contained in the federal law.

The federal banking agencies are authorized to approve interstate merger transactions without regard to whether such 
transaction is prohibited by the law of any state, unless the home state of one of the banks adopted a law prior to June 1, 1997 
which applies equally to all out-of-state banks and expressly prohibits merger transactions involving out-of-state banks. Interstate 
acquisitions  of  branches  will  be  permitted  only  if  the  law  of  the  state  in  which  the  branch  is  located  permits  such 

31

 
 
        
 
 
 
 
 
 
      
acquisitions.  Interstate mergers and branch acquisitions are also generally subject to the nationwide and statewide insured deposit 
concentration amounts described above.

Dividends.  Federal Reserve policy limits the payment of cash dividends by bank holding companies, which expresses 
the Federal Reserve's view that a bank holding company should pay cash dividends only to the extent that the company's net 
income for the past year is sufficient to cover both the cash dividends and a rate of earning retention that is consistent with the 
company's capital needs, asset quality and overall financial condition, and that it is inappropriate for a company experiencing 
serious financial problems to borrow funds to pay dividends.  Under Washington corporate law, the Company generally may not 
pay dividends if after that payment it would not be able to pay its liabilities as they become due in the usual course of business, 
or its total assets would be less than its total liabilities.  The capital conservation buffer requirement can also limit dividends.

Stock  Repurchases.  Bank  holding  companies,  except  for  certain  “well-capitalized”  and  highly  rated  bank  holding 
companies, are required to give the Federal Reserve prior written notice of any purchase or redemption of its outstanding equity 
securities if the consideration for the purchase or redemption, when combined with the net consideration paid for all such purchases 
or redemptions during the preceding 12 months, is equal to 10% or more of their consolidated net worth.  The Federal Reserve 
may disapprove a purchase or redemption if it determines that the proposal would constitute an unsafe or unsound practice or 
would violate any law, regulation, Federal Reserve order, or any condition imposed by, or written agreement with, the Federal 
Reserve.  

Capital Requirements.  As a bank holding company registered with the Federal Reserve, the Company is subject to the 
capital adequacy requirements of the Federal Reserve under the BHCA and the regulations of the Federal Reserve. For a bank 
holding company with less than $3.00 billion in assets, the capital guidelines apply on a bank only basis, and the Federal Reserve 
expects  the  holding  company's  subsidiary  bank  to  be  well  capitalized  under  the  prompt  corrective  action  regulations.    If  the 
Company were subject to regulatory guidelines for bank holding companies with $3.00 billion or more in assets, at September 30, 
2018, the Company would have exceeded all regulatory requirements. 

The following table presents the regulatory capital ratios for the Company as of  September 30, 2018 (Dollars in thousands):

Actual

Amount

Ratio

Leverage Capital Ratio:

Tier 1 capital

$

120,175

11.98%

Risk-based Capital Ratios:

CET1 capital

Tier 1 capital

Total capital

120,175

120,175

128,955

17.13

17.13

18.39

For additional information see Note 15 to the Consolidated Financial Statements contained in "Item 8. Financial Statements 

and Supplementary Data" of this Form 10-K.

The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010.  On July 21, 2010, the Dodd-Frank Act 
was signed into law.  The Dodd-Frank-Act imposed new restrictions and an expanded framework of regulatory oversight for 
financial institutions, including depository institutions, and mandated new capital regulations discussed above under “Regulation 
and Supervision of the Bank - Capital Requirements.” In addition, among other changes, the Dodd-Frank Act requires public 
companies, such as Timberland Bancorp, to (i) provide their shareholders with a non-binding vote (a) at least once every three 
years on the compensation paid to executive officers and (b) at least once every six years on whether they should have a “say on 
pay” vote every one, two or three years; (ii) have a separate, non-binding shareholder vote regarding golden parachutes for named 
executive officers when a shareholder vote takes place on mergers, acquisitions, dispositions or other transactions that would 
trigger the parachute payments; (iii) provide disclosure in annual proxy materials concerning the relationship between the executive 
compensation paid and the financial performance of the issuer; and (iv) amend Item 402 of Regulation S-K to require companies 
to disclose the ratio of the Chief Executive Officer's annual total compensation to the median annual total compensation of all 
other employees.  For certain of these changes, the implementing regulations have not been promulgated, so the full impact of the 
Dodd-Frank Act on public companies cannot be determined at this time.

32

 
 
 
 
 
 
2018 Regulatory Reform. In May 2018 the Economic Growth, Regulatory Relief and Consumer Protection Act (the 
“Act”), was enacted to modify or remove certain financial reform rules and regulations, including some of those implemented 
under the Dodd-Frank Act.  While the Act maintains most of the regulatory structure established by the Dodd-Frank Act, it amends 
certain aspects of the regulatory framework for small depository institutions with assets of less than $10 billion and for large banks 
with assets of more than $50 billion. Many of these changes could result in meaningful regulatory changes for community banks 
such as the Bank, and their holding companies.

The Act, among other matters, expands the definition of qualified mortgages which may be held by a financial institution 
and simplifies the regulatory capital rules for financial institutions and their holding companies with total consolidated assets of 
less than $10 billion by instructing the federal banking regulators to establish a single “Community Bank Leverage Ratio” of 
between 8 and 10 percent. Any qualifying depository institution or its holding company that exceeds the “community bank leverage 
ratio” will be considered to have met generally applicable leverage and risk-based regulatory capital requirements and any qualifying 
depository institution that exceeds the new ratio will be considered to be “well capitalized” under the prompt corrective action 
rules. 

The Act also expands the category of holding companies that may rely on the “Small Bank Holding Company and Savings 
and Loan Holding Company Policy Statement” by raising the maximum amount of assets a qualifying holding company may have 
from $1 billion to $3 billion.  A major effect of this change is to exclude such holding companies from the minimum capital 
requirements of the Dodd-Frank Act. In addition, the Act includes regulatory relief for community banks regarding regulatory 
examination cycles, call reports, the Volcker Rule (proprietary trading prohibitions), mortgage disclosures and risk weights for 
certain high-risk commercial real estate loans.

It is difficult at this time to predict when or how any new standards under the Act will ultimately be applied to us or what 

specific impact the Act and the yet-to-be-written implementing rules and regulations will have on community banks.

Taxation

Federal Taxation

General.  The Company and the Bank report their operations on a fiscal year basis using the accrual method of accounting 
and are subject to federal income taxation in the same manner as other corporations.  The following discussion of tax matters is 
intended only as a summary and does not purport to be a comprehensive description of the tax rules applicable to the Bank or the 
Company.

On December 22, 2017, the U.S. Government enacted comprehensive tax legislation commonly referred to as the Tax 
Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Tax Act”). The Tax Act amends the Internal Revenue Code to reduce tax rates and modify policies, credits, 
and deductions for individuals and businesses.  For businesses, the Tax Act reduces the corporate federal income tax rate from a 
maximum of 35.0% to a flat 21.0%.  The corporate federal income tax rate reduction was effective January 1, 2018.  Since the 
Company has a fiscal year end of September 30th, the reduced federal corporate income tax rate for fiscal year 2018 was the result 
of the application of a blended federal statutory tax rate of 24.5%, which was based on the applicable tax rates before and after 
the Tax Act and corresponding number of days in the fiscal year before and after enactment, and then a 21.0% federal corporate 
income tax rate for fiscal 2019 and thereafter. The Tax Act also required a revaluation of the Company’s deferred tax assets and 
liabilities to account for the future impact of lower corporate income tax rates and other provisions of the legislation.  As a result 
of the Company’s revaluation, the net deferred tax asset (“DTA”) was reduced through an increase to the provision for income 
taxes.  The revaluation of our DTA balance resulted in a one-time increase for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2018 to federal 
income tax of $548,000.  For additional details see Note 11 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements contained in "Item 
8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data." 

Dividends-Received Deduction. The Company may exclude from its income 100.0% of dividends received from the 
Bank as a member of the same affiliated group of corporations.  The corporate dividends-received deduction is generally 70.0% 
in the case of dividends received from unaffiliated corporations with which the Company and the Bank will not file a consolidated 
tax return, except that if the Company or the Bank owns more than 20.0% of the stock of a corporation distributing a dividend, 
then 80.0% of any dividends received may be deducted.

Audits.  The Company is no longer subject to U.S. federal tax examination by tax authorities for years ended on or before 

September 30, 2014.

33

 
 
 
 
 
 
Washington Taxation

The Company and the Bank are subject to a business and occupation tax imposed under Washington law at the rate of 
1.5% of gross receipts at September 30, 2018.  Interest received on loans secured by mortgages or deeds of trust on residential 
properties, certain residential mortgage-backed securities, and certain U.S. government and agency securities is not subject to this 
tax.

Competition

The Bank operates in an intensely competitive market for the attraction of deposits (generally its primary source of 
lendable funds) and in the origination of loans.  Historically, its most direct competition for deposits has come from commercial 
banks, thrift institutions and credit unions in its primary market area.  In times of high interest rates, the Bank experiences additional 
significant  competition  for  investors'  funds  from  short-term  money  market  securities  and  other  corporate  and  government 
securities.  The Bank's competition for loans comes principally from mortgage bankers, commercial banks, thrift institutions and 
credit unions.  Such competition for deposits and the origination of loans may limit the Bank's future growth and earnings prospects.

Subsidiary Activities

The Bank has one wholly-owned subsidiary, Timberland Service Corporation (“Timberland Service”), whose primary 

function is to provide escrow services. 

Personnel

As of September 30, 2018, the Bank had 249 full-time employees and 19 part-time and on-call employees.  The employees 

are not represented by a collective bargaining unit, and the Bank believes its relationship with its employees is good.

Executive Officers of the Registrant

The following table sets forth certain information with respect to the executive officers of the Company and the Bank:

Executive Officers of the Company and Bank

Age at
September 
30, 2018

Company

Bank

Position

64

51

67

44

61

49

President and Chief Executive
Officer

President and Chief Executive Officer

Executive Vice President, Chief
Financial Officer and Secretary

Executive Vice President, Chief
Financial Officer and Secretary

Executive Vice President of Lending

Executive Vice President of Lending

Executive Vice President and
 Chief Operating Officer

Executive Vice President and
  Chief Operating Officer

Executive Vice President and
  Chief Credit Administrator

Executive Vice President and
  Chief Credit Administrator

Senior Vice President and
  Treasurer

Senior Vice President and Treasurer

Name

Michael R. Sand

Dean J. Brydon

Robert A. Drugge

Jonathan A. Fischer

Edward C. Foster

Marci A. Basich

Biographical Information.

Michael R. Sand has been affiliated with the Bank since 1977 and has served as President of the Bank and the Company 
since January 23, 2003.  On September 30, 2003, he was appointed as Chief Executive Officer of the Bank and Company.  Prior 
to appointment as President and Chief Executive Officer, Mr. Sand had served as Executive Vice President and Secretary of the 
Bank since 1993 and as Executive Vice President and Secretary of the Company since its formation in 1997.

34

 
 
 
 
 
 
Dean J. Brydon has been affiliated with the Bank since 1994 and has served as the Chief Financial Officer of the Company 
and the Bank since January 2000 and Secretary of the Company and Bank since January 2004.  Mr. Brydon is a Certified Public 
Accountant.

Robert A. Drugge has been affiliated with the Bank since April 2006 and has served as Executive Vice President of 
Lending since September 2006.  Prior to joining Timberland, Mr. Drugge was employed at Bank of America as a senior officer 
and most recently served as Senior Vice President and Commercial Banking Manager.  Mr. Drugge began his banking career at 
Seafirst in 1974, which was acquired by Bank America Corp. and became known as Bank of America.

Jonathan A. Fischer has been affiliated with the Bank since October 1997 and has served as Chief Operating Officer 
since August 23, 2012.  Prior to that, Mr. Fischer had served as the Chief Risk Officer since October 2010.  Mr. Fischer had also 
served as the Compliance Officer, Community Reinvestment Act Officer, and Privacy Officer since January 2000.

Edward C. Foster has been affiliated with the Bank and has served as Chief Credit Administrator since February 2012. 
Prior to joining the Bank, Mr. Foster was employed by the FDIC, where he served as a Loan Review Specialist from January 2011 
to February 2012. Mr. Foster owned a credit administration consulting business from February 2010 to January 2011. Prior to that, 
Mr. Foster served as the Chief Credit Officer for Carson River Community Bank from April 2008 through February 2010. Before 
joining Carson River Community Bank, Mr. Foster served as a Senior Regional Credit Officer for Omni National Bank from 
September 2006 through March 2008.

Marci A. Basich has been affiliated with the Bank since 1999 and has served as Treasurer of the Company and the Bank 

since January 2002.  Ms. Basich is a Certified Public Accountant.

Item 1A.  Risk Factors

We assume and manage a certain degree of risk in order to conduct our business strategy.  In addition to the risk 
factors described below, other risks and uncertainties not specifically mentioned, or that are currently known to, or deemed 
to be immaterial by management, also may materially and adversely affect our financial position, results of operations 
and/or cash flows.  Before making an investment decision, you should carefully consider the risks described below together 
with all of the other information included in this Form 10-K and our other filings with the SEC.  If any of the circumstances 
described in the following risk factors actually occur to a significant degree, the value of our common stock could decline, 
and you could lose all or part of your investment. This report is qualified in its entirety by these risk factors.

Our business may be adversely affected by downturns in the national economy and in the economies in our market areas.

Substantially all of our loans are to businesses and individuals in the state of Washington.  A decline in the economies of 
our local market areas of Grays Harbor, Pierce, Thurston, King, Kitsap and Lewis counties in which we operate, and which we 
consider to be our primary market areas, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of 
operations and prospects. Weakness in the global economy has adversely affected many businesses operating in our markets that 
are dependent upon international trade and it is not known how the recent changes in tariffs being imposed on international trade 
may also affect these businesses.

While real estate values and unemployment rates have recently improved, a deterioration in economic conditions in the 
market areas we serve could result in the following consequences, any of which could have a materially adverse impact on our 
business, financial condition and results of operations:

loan delinquencies, problem assets and foreclosures may increase;

• 
•  we may increase our allowance for loan losses;
• 
• 
• 

the sale of foreclosed assets may slow;
demand for our products and services may decline possibly resulting in a decrease in our total loans or assets;
collateral for loans made may decline in value, exposing us to increased risk loans, reducing customers’ borrowing 
power, and reducing the value of assets and collateral associated with existing loans;
the net worth and liquidity of loan guarantors may decline, impairing their ability to honor commitments to us; 
and
the amount of our low-cost or non-interest bearing deposits may decrease and the composition of our deposits 
may be adversely affected.

• 

• 

A decline in local economic conditions may have a greater effect on our earnings and capital than on the earnings and 
capital of larger financial institutions whose real estate loans are geographically diverse.  Many of the loans in our portfolio are 
35

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
secured by real estate.  Deterioration in the real estate markets where collateral for a mortgage loan is located could negatively 
affect the borrower's ability to repay the loan and the value of the collateral securing the loan.  Real estate values are affected by 
various other factors, including changes in general or regional economic conditions, government rules or policies and natural 
disasters such as fires and earthquakes.  If we are required to liquidate a significant amount of collateral during a period of reduced 
real estate values, our financial condition and profitability could be adversely affected. 

Our real estate construction loans expose us to significant risks.

We make real estate construction loans to individuals and builders, primarily for the construction of residential properties. 
We originate these loans whether or not the collateral property underlying the loan is under contract for sale.  At September 30, 
2018, construction loans totaled $188.36 million, or 22.9% of our total loan portfolio, of which $145.73 million were for residential 
real estate projects, $39.59 million for commercial real estate projects and $3.04 million for land development projects.  This 
compares to total construction loans of $168.52 million, or 21.5% of our total loan portfolio at September 30, 2017, or an increase 
of 11.8% during the past year.  Approximately $119.56 million of our residential construction loans at September 30, 2018 were 
made to finance the construction of owner-occupied homes and are structured to be converted to permanent loans at the end of 
the construction phase.  In general, construction lending involves additional risks because funds are advanced upon estimates of 
costs in relation to values associated with the completed project.  Construction lending involves additional risks when compared 
with permanent residential lending because funds are advances upon the collateral for the project based on an estimate of costs 
that will produce a future value at completion.  Because of the uncertainties inherent in estimating construction costs, as well as 
the market value of the complete project and the effects of governmental regulation on real property, it is relatively difficult to 
evaluate accurately the total funds required to complete a project and the completed project loan-to-value ratio.  Changes in demand 
for new housing and higher than anticipated building costs may cause actual results to vary significantly from those estimated.  
For these reasons, this type of lending also typically involves higher loan principal amounts and may be concentrated with a small 
number of builders.  A downturn in housing, or the real estate market, could increase delinquencies, defaults and foreclosures, and 
significantly impair the value of our collateral and our ability to sell the collateral upon foreclosure.  Some of the builders we deal 
with have more than one loan outstanding with us.  Consequently, an adverse development with respect to one loan or one credit 
relationship can expose us to a significantly greater risk of loss.  In addition during the term of some of our construction loans, 
no payment from the borrower is required since the accumulated interest is added to the principal of the loan through an interest 
reserve.  As a result, these loans often involve the disbursement of funds with repayment substantially dependent on the success 
of the ultimate project and the ability of the borrower to sell or lease the property or obtain permanent take-out financing, rather 
than the ability of the borrower or guarantor to repay principal and interest.  If our appraisal of the value of a completed project 
proves to be overstated, we may have inadequate security for the repayment of the loan upon completion of construction of the 
project  and  may  incur  a  loss.    Because  construction  loans  require  active  monitoring  of  the  building  process,  including  cost 
comparisons and on-site inspections, these loans are more difficult and costly to monitor.  Increases in market rates of interest 
may have a more pronounced effect on construction loans by rapidly increasing the end-purchaser's borrowing costs, thereby 
possibly reducing the homeowner's ability to finance the home upon completion or the overall demand for the project.  Properties 
under construction are often difficult to sell and typically must be completed in order to be successfully sold which also complicates 
the process of working our problem construction loans.  This may require us to advance additional funds and/or contract with 
another builder to complete construction and assume the market risk of selling the project at a future market price, which may or 
may not enable us to fully recover unpaid loan funds and associated construction and liquidation costs.  Furthermore, in the case 
of speculative construction loans, there is the added risk associated with identifying an end-purchaser for the finished project.  At 
September 30, 2018, $15.43 million of our construction portfolio was comprised of speculative one- to four-family construction 
loans.  Land development loans also pose additional risk because of the lack of income being produced by the property and potential 
illiquid nature of the collateral.  These risks can be significantly impacted by supply and demand conditions.  At September 30, 
2018, all construction loans were performing in accordance to their terms.  A material increase in our non-performing construction 
loans could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operation.

Our emphasis on commercial real estate lending may expose us to increased lending risks.

Our current business strategy includes an emphasis on commercial real estate lending.  This type of lending activity, 
while potentially more profitable than single-family residential lending, is generally more sensitive to regional and local economic 
conditions, making loss levels more difficult to predict.  Collateral evaluation and financial statement analysis in these types of 
loans requires a more detailed analysis at the time of loan underwriting and on an ongoing basis.  In our primary market of western 
Washington, a downturn in the real estate market could increase loan delinquencies, defaults and foreclosures, and significantly 
impair the value of our collateral and our ability to sell the collateral upon foreclosure.  Many of our commercial borrowers have 
more than one loan outstanding with us.  Consequently, an adverse development with respect to one loan or one credit relationship 
can expose us to a significantly greater risk of loss.

36

 
 
At September 30, 2018, we had $345.11 million of commercial real estate mortgage loans, representing 42.0% of our 
total loan portfolio.  These loans typically involve higher principal amounts than other types of loans, and repayment is dependent 
upon income generated, or expected to be generated, by the property securing the loan in amounts sufficient to cover operating 
expenses and debt service, which may be adversely affected by changes in the economy or local market conditions.  For example, 
if the cash flow from the borrower’s project is reduced as a result of leases not being obtained or renewed, the borrower’s ability 
to repay the loan may be impaired.  Commercial real estate loans also expose a lender to greater credit risk than loans secured by 
residential real estate because the collateral securing these loans typically cannot be sold as easily as residential real estate.  In 
addition, many of our commercial  real estate loans are not fully amortizing and contain large balloon payments upon maturity.  
Such balloon payments may require the borrower to either sell or refinance the underlying property in order to make the payment, 
which may increase the risk of default or non-payment.

A secondary market for most types of commercial real estate loans is not readily liquid, so we have less opportunity to 
mitigate credit risk by selling part or all of our interest in these loans.  As a result of these characteristics, if we foreclose on a 
commercial real estate loan, our holding period for the collateral typically is longer than for one- to four-family residential mortgage 
loans because there are fewer potential purchasers of the collateral.  Accordingly, charge-offs on commercial real estate loans may 
be larger as a percentage of the total principal outstanding than those incurred with our residential or consumer loan portfolios.

The level of our commercial real estate loan portfolio may subject us to additional regulatory scrutiny.

The FDIC, the Federal Reserve and the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency have promulgated joint guidance on 
sound  risk  management  practices  for  financial  institutions  with  concentrations  in  commercial  real  estate  lending.  Under  this 
guidance, a financial institution that, like us, is actively involved in commercial real estate lending should perform a risk assessment 
to identify concentrations.  A financial institution may have a concentration in commercial real estate lending if, among other 
factors (i) total reported loans for construction, land development and other land represent 100% or more of total capital, or (ii) 
total reported loans secured by multi-family and non-farm non-residential properties, loans for construction, land development 
and other land, and loans otherwise sensitive to the general commercial real estate market, including loans to commercial real 
estate related entities, represent 300% or more of total capital.  The particular focus of the guidance is on exposure to commercial 
real estate loans that are dependent on the cash flow from the real estate held as collateral and that are likely to be at greater risk 
to conditions in the commercial real estate market (as opposed to real estate collateral held as a secondary source of repayment 
or as an abundance of caution).  The purpose of the guidance is to guide banks in developing risk management practices and capital 
levels commensurate with the level and nature of real estate concentrations.  The guidance states that management should employ 
heightened  risk  management  practices  including  board  and  management  oversight  and  strategic  planning,  development  of 
underwriting standards, risk assessment and monitoring through market analysis and stress testing.  We have concluded that we 
have a concentration in commercial real estate lending under the foregoing standards because our balance in commercial real 
estate loans at September 30, 2018 represents more than 300% of total capital.  While we believe we have implemented policies 
and procedures with respect to our commercial real estate loan portfolio consistent with this guidance, bank regulators could 
require us to implement additional policies and procedures consistent with their interpretation of the guidance that may result in 
additional costs to us.

Repayment of our commercial business loans is often dependent on the cash flows of the borrower, which may be unpredictable, 
and the collateral securing these loans may fluctuate in value.

At  September 30,  2018,  we  had  $43.05  million,  or  5.2%,  of  total  loans  in  commercial  business  loans.  Commercial 
business lending involves risks that are different from those associated with residential and commercial real estate lending.  Real 
estate lending is generally considered to be collateral based lending with loan amounts based on predetermined loan to collateral 
values and liquidation of the underlying real estate collateral being viewed as the primary source of repayment in the event of 
borrower default.  Our commercial business loans are primarily made based on the cash flow of the borrower and secondarily on 
the underlying collateral provided by the borrower.  The borrowers' cash flow may be unpredictable, and collateral securing these 
loans may fluctuate in value.  Although commercial business loans are often collateralized by equipment, inventory, accounts 
receivable, or other business assets, the liquidation of collateral in the event of default is often an insufficient source of repayment 
because  accounts  receivable  may  be  uncollectible  and  inventories  may  be  obsolete  or  of  limited  use,  among  other 
things.  Accordingly, the repayment of commercial business loans depends primarily on the cash flow and credit worthiness of 
the borrower and secondarily on the underlying collateral provided by the borrower.

Our business may be adversely affected by credit risk associated with residential property.

At September 30, 2018, $153.28 million, or 18.7%, of our total loan portfolio was secured by one- to four-family mortgage 
loans and home equity loans.  This type of lending is generally sensitive to regional and local economic conditions that significantly 
impact the ability of borrowers to meet their loan payment obligations, making loss levels difficult to predict.  Recessionary 
37

 
 
 
 
 
conditions or declines in the volume of single-family real estate and/or the sales prices as well as elevated unemployment rates 
may result in higher than expected loan delinquencies or problem assets, and a decline in demand for our products and services.  
These potential negative events may cause us to incur losses, adversely affect our capital and liquidity and damage our financial 
condition and business operations.  Further, the Tax Act enacted in December 2017 could negatively impact our customers because 
it lowers the existing caps on mortgage interest deductions and limits the state and local tax deductions.  These changes could 
make it more difficult for borrowers to make their loan payments, and could also negatively impact the housing market, which 
could adversely affect our business and loan growth.   A decline in residential real estate values resulting from a downturn in the 
Washington housing market may reduce the value of the real estate collateral securing these types of loans and increase our risk 
of loss if borrowers default on their loans.

Many of our residential mortgage loans are secured by liens on mortgage properties in which the borrowers have little 
or no equity because either we originated the loan with a relatively high combined loan-to-value ratio or because of the decline 
in home values in our market areas subsequent to when the loans were originated.  Residential loans with combined higher loan-
to-value ratios will be more sensitive to declining property values than those with lower combined loan-to-value ratios and therefore 
may experience a higher incidence of default and severity of losses. In addition, if the borrowers sell their homes, such borrowers 
may be unable to repay their loans in full from the sale proceeds.  Further, a significant amount of our home equity lines of credit 
consist of second mortgage loans. For those home equity lines secured by a second mortgage, it is unlikely that we will be successful 
in recovering all or a portion of our loan proceeds in the event of default unless we are prepared to repay the first mortgage loan 
and such repayment and the costs associated with a foreclosure are justified by the value of the property.  For these reasons, we 
may experience higher rates of delinquencies, default and losses on our residential loans.

Our allowance for loan losses may prove to be insufficient to absorb losses in our loan portfolio.

Lending money is a substantial part of our business, and each loan carries a certain risk that it will not be repaid in 
accordance with its terms or that any underlying collateral will not be sufficient to assure repayment.  This risk is affected by, 
among other things:

• 
• 
• 
• 
• 

the cash flow of the borrower and/or the project being financed;
the changes and uncertainties as to the future value of the collateral, in the case of a collateralized loan;
the duration of the loan;
the credit history of a particular borrower; and
changes in economic and industry conditions.

We maintain an allowance for loan losses, which is a reserve established through a provision for loan losses charged 
against operating income, which we believe is appropriate to provide for probable losses in our loan portfolio.  The amount of this 
allowance  is  determined  by  our  management  through  periodic  comprehensive  reviews  and  consideration  of  several  factors, 
including, but not limited to:

• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 

an ongoing review of the quality, size and diversity of the loan portfolio;
evaluation of non-performing loans;
historical default and loss experience;
existing economic conditions and management's expectations of future events;
risk characteristics of the various classifications of loans; 
the amount and quality of collateral, including guarantees, securing the loans; and
regulatory requirements and expectations.

The determination of the appropriate level of the allowance for loan losses inherently involves a high degree of subjectivity 
and  requires  us  to  make  various  assumptions  and  judgments  about  the  collectability  of  our  loan  portfolio,  including  the 
creditworthiness of our borrowers and the value of the real estate and other assets serving as collateral for the repayment of  many 
of our loans.  In determining the amount of the allowance for loan losses, we review our loans and the loss experience and evaluate 
economic conditions and make significant estimates of current credit risks and future trends, all of which may undergo material 
changes.  If our estimates are incorrect, the allowance for loan losses may not be sufficient to cover losses inherent in our loan 
portfolio, resulting in the need for increases in our allowance for loan losses through the provision for losses on loans which is 
charged against income.  Management also recognizes that significant new growth in loan portfolios, new loan products and the 
refinancing of existing loans can result in portfolios comprised of unseasoned loans that may not perform in a historical or projected 
manner and will increase the risk that our allowance may be insufficient to absorb losses without significant additional provisions.  
Further, the Financial Accounting Standards Board has adopted a new accounting standard that will be effective for our fiscal year 
beginning October 1, 2020.  This standard, referred to as Current Expected Credit Loss ("CECL") will require financial institutions 
to determine periodic estimates of lifetime expected credit losses on loans, and recognize the expected credit losses as allowances 
38

 
 
 
 
for credit losses.  This will change the current method of providing allowances for credit losses that are probable, which may 
require us to increase our allowance for loan losses, and may greatly increase the types of data we would need to collect and review 
to determine the appropriate level of the allowance for credit losses.  

Deterioration in economic conditions affecting borrowers, new information regarding existing loans, identification of 
additional problem loans and other factors, both within and outside of our control, may also require an increase in the allowance 
for loan losses.  In addition, bank regulatory agencies periodically review our allowance for loan losses and may require an increase 
in the provision for possible loan losses or the recognition of further loan charge-offs, based on judgments different from those of 
management.  If charge-offs in future periods exceed the allowance for loan losses, we will need additional provisions to replenish 
the allowance for loan losses.  Any additional provisions will result in a decrease in net income and possibly capital, and may have 
a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

If our non-performing assets increase, our earnings will be adversely affected.

At September 30, 2018 our non-performing assets (which consist of non-accruing loans, accruing loans 90 days or more 
past due, non-accrual investment securities, and OREO and other repossessed assets) were $3.64 million, or 0.36% of total assets. 
Our non-performing assets adversely affect our net income in various ways:

•  We do not record interest income on non-accrual loans or non-performing investment securities, except on a cash basis 

when the collectibility of the principal is not in doubt.

•  We must provide for probable loan losses through a current period charge to the provision for loan losses.
•  Non-interest expense increases when we must write down the value of properties in our OREO portfolio to reflect changing 

market values.

•  Non-interest income decreases when we must recognize other-than-temporary impairment on non-performing investment 

securities.

•  There are legal fees associated with the resolution of problem assets, as well as carrying costs, such as taxes, insurance, 

and maintenance costs related to our OREO.

•  The resolution of non-performing assets requires the active involvement of management, which can distract them from 

more profitable activity.

If additional borrowers become delinquent and do not pay their loans and we are unable to successfully manage our non-
performing assets, our losses and troubled assets could increase significantly, which could have a material adverse effect on our 
financial condition and results of operations.  In addition to the non-performing loans, there were $2.96 million in loans classified 
as performing troubled debt restructurings at September 30, 2018.

If Timberland Bank is unable to integrate South Sound Bank successfully, its business and earnings may be negatively affected.

The South Sound Merger involves the integration of companies that have previously operated independently.  Successful 
integration of South Sound Bank's operations will depend primarily on the Bank's ability to consolidate operations, systems and 
procedures and to eliminate redundancies and costs.  No assurance can be given that the Bank will be able to integrate its post-
merger operations without encountering difficulties including, without limitation, the loss of key employees and customers, the 
disruption of the ongoing business of the Bank or South Sound Bank or possible inconsistencies in standards, controls, procedures 
and policies. Anticipated economic benefits of the merger are projected to come from various areas that the Bank's management 
has identified through the due diligence and integration planning process.  The elimination and consolidation of duplicate tasks 
are projected to result in annual cost savings.  If the Bank has difficulties with the integration, it might not fully achieve the 
economic  benefits  it  expects  to  result  from  the  merger.  In  addition,  the  Bank  may  experience  greater  than  expected  costs  or 
difficulties relating to the integration of the business of South Sound Bank, and/or may not realize expected cost savings from the 
merger within the expected time frame.

The required accounting treatment of loans we acquire through acquisitions including purchase credit impaired loans could 
result in higher net interest margins and interest income in current periods and lower net interest margins and interest income 
in future periods.

Under GAAP, we are required to record loans acquired through acquisitions, including purchase credit impaired loans, 
at fair value. Estimating the fair value of such loans requires management to make estimates based on available information and 
facts and circumstances on the acquisition date.  Actual performance could differ from management’s initial estimates. If these 
loans outperform our original fair value estimates, the difference between our original estimate and the actual performance of the 
loan (the “discount”) is accreted into net interest income. Thus, our net interest margins may initially increase due to the discount 
accretion. We expect the yields on our loans to decline as our acquired loan portfolio pays down or matures and the discount 
39

 
 
 
 
 
decreases, and we expect downward pressure on our interest income to the extent that the runoff on our acquired loan portfolio is 
not replaced with comparable high-yielding loans. This could result in higher net interest margins and interest income in current 
periods and lower net interest rate margins and lower interest income in future periods. 

If our investments in real estate are not properly valued or sufficiently reserved to cover actual losses, or if we are required to 
increase our valuation allowances, our earnings could be reduced.

We obtain updated valuations in the form of appraisals and broker price opinions when a loan has been foreclosed and 
the property is taken in as OREO, and at certain other times during the asset's holding period.  Our net book value (“NBV”) in the 
loan at the time of foreclosure and thereafter is compared to the updated estimated market value of the foreclosed property less 
estimated selling costs (fair value).  A charge-off is recorded for any excess in the asset’s NBV over its fair value.  If our valuation 
process is incorrect or if the property declines in value after foreclosure, the fair value of our OREO may not be sufficient to 
recover our NBV in such assets, resulting in the need for a valuation allowance.

In  addition,  bank  regulators  periodically  review  our  OREO  and  may  require  us  to  recognize  further  valuation 
allowances.  Significant charge-offs to our OREO may have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of 
operations.

Our investment securities portfolio may be negatively impacted by fluctuations in market value and interest rates and result 
in losses.

Our investment securities portfolio may be impacted by fluctuations in market value, potentially reducing accumulated 
other comprehensive income (loss) and/or earnings.  Fluctuations in market value may be caused by changes in market interest 
rates, lower market prices for investment securities and limited investor demand.  Our investment securities portfolio is evaluated 
for other-than-temporary-impairment ("OTTI").  If this evaluation shows impairment to the actual or projected cash flows associated 
with one or more investment securities, a potential loss to earnings may occur.  Changes in interest rates can also have an adverse 
effect on our financial condition, as our available-for-sale investment securities are reported at their estimated fair value, and 
therefore are impacted by fluctuations in interest rates.  We increase or decrease our shareholders' equity by the amount of change 
in the estimated fair value of the available-for-sale investment securities, net of income taxes.  There can be no assurance that the 
declines in market value will not result in OTTI of these assets, which would lead to accounting charges that could have a material 
adverse effect on our net income and capital levels.

During the year ended September 30, 2018, we recognized a $68,000 recovery of OTTI charges on private label mortgage 
backed securities we hold for investment.  During the year ended September 30, 2017, we recognized a $33,000 recovery of OTTI 
charges on private label mortgage backed securities we hold for investment.  During the year ended September 30, 2016, we 
recognized $168,000 of OTTI charges on private label mortgage backed securities we hold for investment.  At September 30, 
2018, our remaining private label mortgage backed securities portfolio totaled $460,000 of which $406,000 was on non-accrual 
status.

The valuation of our investment securities also is influenced by additional external market and other factors, including 
implementation  of  Securities  and  Exchange  Commission  and  Financial Accounting  Standards  Board  guidance  on  fair  value 
accounting, default rates on residential mortgage securities and rating agency actions.  Accordingly, there can be no assurance that 
future declines in the market value of our private label mortgage backed securities or other investment securities will not result 
in additional OTTI of these assets and lead to accounting charges that could have an adverse effect on our results of operations.

An increase in interest rates, change in the programs offered by Freddie Mac or our ability to qualify for their programs may 
reduce our mortgage revenues, which would negatively impact our non-interest income.

The sale of residential mortgage loans to Freddie Mac provides a significant portion of our non-interest income.  Any 
future changes in their program, our eligibility to participate in such program, the criteria for loans to be accepted or laws that 
significantly affect the activity of Freddie Mac could, in turn, materially adversely affect our results of operations if we could not 
find other purchasers.  Mortgage banking is generally considered a volatile source of income because it depends largely on the  
level  of  loan  volume  which,  in  turn,  depends  largely  on  prevailing  market  interest  rates.    In  a  rising  or  higher  interest  rate 
environment, the demand for mortgage loans, particularly refinancing of existing mortgage loans, tends to fall and our originations 
of mortgage loans may decrease, resulting in fewer loans that are available to be sold.  This would result in a decrease in mortgage 
revenues and a corresponding decrease in non-interest income.  In addition, our results of operations are affected by the amount 
of non-interest expense associated with our loan sale activities, such as salaries and employee benefits, occupancy, equipment and 
data processing expense and other operating costs.  During periods of reduced loan demand, our results of operations may be 
adversely affected to the extent that we are unable to reduce expenses commensurate with the decline in loan originations.  In 
40

 
 
 
 
 
 
addition, although we sell loans to Freddie Mac or into the secondary market without recourse, we are required to give customary 
representations and warranties about the loans we sell.  If we breach those representations and warranties, we may be required to 
repurchase the loans and we may incur a loss on the repurchase. 

Fluctuating interest rates can adversely affect our profitability.

Our earnings and cash flows are largely dependent upon our net interest income.  Interest rates are highly sensitive to 
many  factors  that  are  beyond  our  control,  including  general  economic  conditions  and  policies  of  various  governmental  and 
regulatory agencies and, in particular, the Federal Reserve Board.  In an attempt to help the overall economy, the Federal Reserve 
Board kept interest rates low through its targeted Fed Funds rate for a number of years.  The Federal Reserve Board has steadily 
increased the federal funds rate the last three years to a range of 2.00% to 2.25% in September 2018 and indicated a likelihood 
for a further increases, subject to economic conditions.  As the Federal Reserve Board increases the Fed Funds rate, overall interest 
rates will likely rise, which may negatively impact both the housing markets by reducing refinancing activity and new home 
purchases and the U.S. economy.  In addition, deflationary pressures, while possibly lowering our operational costs, could have 
a significant negative effect on our borrowers, especially our business borrowers, and the values of collateral securing loans which 
could negatively affect our financial performance.

We principally manage interest rate risk by managing our volume and mix of our earning assets and funding liabilities.  
Changes in monetary policy, including changes in interest rates, could influence not only the interest we receive on loans and 
investments and the amount of interest we pay on deposits and borrowings, but these changes could also affect: (1) our ability to 
originate and/or sell loans and obtain deposits; (2) the fair value of our financial assets and liabilities, which could negatively 
impact shareholders’ equity, and our ability to realize gains from the sale of such assets; (3) our ability to obtain and retain deposits 
in competition with other available investment alternatives; (4) the ability of our borrowers to repay adjustable or variable rate 
loans; and (5) the average duration of our investment securities portfolio and other interest-earning assets.  If the interest rates 
paid on deposits and borrowings increase at a faster rate than the interest received on loans and other investments, our net interest 
income, and therefore earnings, could be adversely affected.  In a changing interest rate environment, we may not be able to 
manage this risk effectively.  If we are unable to manage interest rate risk effectively, our business, financial condition and results 
of operations could be materially affected.

Changes in interest rates could also have a negative impact on our results of operations by reducing the ability of borrowers 
to repay their current loan obligations or by reducing our margins and profitability.  Our net interest margin is the difference 
between the yield we earn on our assets and the interest rate we pay for deposits and our other sources of funding.  Changes in 
interest rates (up or down) could adversely affect our net interest margin and, as a result, our net interest income.  Although the 
yield we earn on our assets and our funding costs tends to move in the same direction in response to changes in interest rates, one 
can rise or fall faster than the other, causing our net interest margin to expand or contract.  Changes in the slope of the "yield 
curve", or the spread between short-term and long-term interest rates, could also reduce our net interest margin.  Normally the 
yield curve is upward sloping, meaning short-term rates are lower than long-term rates.  Because our liabilities tend to be shorter 
in duration than our assets, when the yield curve flattens or even inverts, we could experience pressure on our net interest margin 
as our cost of funds increases relative to the yield we can earn on our assets.  Also, interest rate decreases can lead to increased 
prepayments of loans and mortgage-backed securities as borrowers refinance their loans to reduce borrowing costs.  Under these 
circumstances we are subject to reinvestment risk as we may have to redeploy such repayment proceeds into lower yielding 
investments, which would likely negatively impact our income.

A sustained increase in market interest rates could adversely affect our earnings.  As a result of the exceptionally low 
interest rate environment, an increasing percentage of our deposits have been comprised of deposits bearing no or a relatively low 
rate of interest and having a shorter duration than our assets.  At September 30, 2018, we had $76.16 million in certificates of 
deposit that mature within one year and $747.70 million in non-interest bearing, NOW checking, savings and money market 
accounts.  We would incur a higher cost of funds to retain these deposits in a rising interest rate environment.  If the interest rates 
paid on deposits and other borrowings increase at a faster rate than the interest rates received on loans and other investments, our 
net interest income, and therefore earnings, could be adversely affected.  In addition, a substantial amount of our residential 
mortgage loans and home equity lines of credit have adjustable interest rates.  As a result, these loans may experience a higher 
rate of default in a rising interest rate environment.

Changes in interest rates also affect the value of our interest-earning assets and in particular our investment securities 
portfolio.  Generally, the fair value of fixed-rate securities fluctuates inversely with changes in interest rates.  Unrealized gains 
and losses on investment securities available for sale are reported as a separate component of equity, net of tax.  Decreases in the 
fair value of investment securities available for sale resulting from increases in interest rates could have an adverse effect on 
stockholders' equity.

41

 
 
 
 
Any substantial, unexpected or prolonged change in market interest rates could have a material adverse effect on our 
financial condition, liquidity and results of operations.  Also, our interest rate risk modeling techniques and assumptions likely 
may not fully predict or capture the impact of actual interest rate changes on our balance sheet or projected operating results.  For 
further discussion of how changes in interest rates could impact us, see "Part II, Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures 
About Market Risk" for additional information about our interest rate risk management.

The financial services market is undergoing rapid technological changes, and if we are unable to stay current with those 
changes, we may not be able to effectively compete.

The financial services market, including banking services, is undergoing rapid changes with frequent introductions of 
new  technology-driven  products  and  services.    Our  future  success  will  depend,  in  part,  on  our  ability  to  keep  pace  with  the 
technological changes and to use technology to satisfy and grow customer demand for our products and services and to create 
additional efficiencies in our operations.  We expect that we will need to make substantial investments in our technology and 
information  systems  to  compete  effectively  and  to  stay  current  with  technological  changes.    Some  of  our  competitors  have 
substantially greater resources to invest in technological improvements and will be able to invest more heavily in developing and 
adopting new technologies, which may put us at a competitive disadvantage.  We may not be able to effectively implement new 
technology-driven products and services or be successful in marketing these products and services to our customers.  As a result, 
our ability to effectively compete to retain or acquire new business may be impaired, and our business, financial condition or 
results of operations may be adversely affected.

Liquidity risk could impair our ability to fund operations and jeopardize our financial condition, growth and prospects.

Liquidity is essential to our business.  An inability to raise funds through deposits, borrowings, the sale of loans and other 
sources could have a substantial negative effect on our liquidity.  We rely on customer deposits and at times, borrowings from the 
FHLB, borrowings from the FRB and other borrowings to fund our operations.  At September 30, 2018, we had no FHLB borrowings 
outstanding  and  a  letter  of  credit  with  an  available  balance  of  $23.00  million  and  an  additional  $356.19  million  of  available 
borrowing capacity through the FHLB and the FRB.  Deposit flows and the prepayment of loans and mortgage-related securities 
are strongly influenced by such external factors as the direction of interest rates, whether actual or perceived, and the competition 
for deposits and loans in the markets we serve.  Further, changes to the FHLB's underwriting guidelines for wholesale borrowings 
or  lending  policies  may  limit  or  restrict  our  ability  to  borrow,  and  could  therefore  have  a  significant  adverse  impact  on  our 
liquidity.  Although we have historically been able to replace maturing deposits and borrowings if desired, we may not be able to 
replace such funds in the future if, among other things, our financial condition, the financial condition of the FHLB or FRB, or 
market conditions change.  Our access to funding sources in amounts adequate to finance our activities or on terms which are 
acceptable could be impaired by factors that affect us specifically or the financial services industry or economy in general, such 
as a disruption in the financial markets or negative views and expectations about the prospects for the financial services industry.  
Additional factors that could detrimentally impact our access to liquidity sources include a decrease in the level of our business 
activity as a result of a downturn in the Washington markets where our deposits are concentrated or adverse regulatory action 
against us.

Our financial flexibility will be severely constrained if we are unable to maintain our access to funding or if adequate 
financing is not available to accommodate future growth at acceptable interest rates.  Although we consider our sources of funds 
adequate for our liquidity needs, we may seek additional debt in the future to achieve our long-term business objectives.  Additional 
borrowings, if sought, may not be available to us or, if available, may not be available on reasonable terms.  If additional financing 
sources are unavailable, or are not available on reasonable terms, our financial condition, results of operations, growth and future 
prospects could be materially adversely affected.  Finally, if we are required to rely more heavily on more expensive funding 
sources to support future growth, our income may not increase proportionately to cover our costs.

We operate in a highly regulated environment and may be adversely affected by changes in federal and state laws and regulations 
that could increase our costs of operations.

The banking industry is extensively regulated.  Federal banking regulations are designed primarily to protect the deposit 
insurance funds and consumers, not to benefit a company's shareholders.  These regulations may sometimes impose significant 
limitations on our operations.  The significant federal and state banking regulations that  affect us are described in this report under 
the heading "Item 1. Business-How We Are Regulated".  These regulations, along with the currently existing tax, accounting, 
securities, insurance, and monetary laws, regulations, rules, standards, policies, and interpretations control the methods by which 
financial institutions conduct business, implement strategic initiatives and tax compliance, and govern financial reporting and 
disclosures.    These  laws,  regulations,  rules,  standards,  policies,  and  interpretations  are  constantly  evolving  and  may  change 
significantly  over  time.   Any  new  regulations  or  legislation,  change  in  existing  regulation  or  oversight,  whether  a  change  in 
regulatory policy or a change in a regulator's interpretation of a law or regulation, could have a material impact on our operations, 
42

 
 
 
 
increase our costs of regulatory compliance and of doing business and adversely affect our profitability.  In this regard, the U.S. 
Department of the Treasury's Financial Crimes Enforcement Network ("FinCEN"), published guidelines in 2014 for financial 
institutions servicing state legal marijuana businesses.  These guidelines allow us to work with marijuana-related businesses that 
are operating in accordance with state laws and regulations, so long as we comply with required regulatory oversight of their 
accounts with us.  At September 30, 2018, approximately 2.5% of our total deposits and a portion of our service charges from 
deposits  are  from  legal  marijuana-related  businesses.   Any  adverse  change  in  this  FinCEN  guidance,  any  new  regulations  or 
legislation, any change in existing regulations or oversight, whether a change in regulatory policy or a change in a regulator's 
interpretation of a law or regulation, could have a negative impact on our non-interest income, as well as the cost of our operations, 
increasing our cost of regulatory compliance and of doing business and/or otherwise affect us, which may materially affect our 
profitability.

Non-compliance with the USA PATRIOT Act, Bank Secrecy Act, or other laws and regulations could result in fines or sanctions 
and limit our ability to get regulatory approval of acquisitions.

The  USA  PATRIOT  and  Bank  Secrecy Acts  require  financial  institutions  to  develop  programs  to  prevent  financial 
institutions from being used for money laundering and terrorist activities.  If such activities are detected, financial institutions are 
obligated to file suspicious activity reports with FinCEN.  These rules require financial institutions to establish procedures for 
identifying and verifying the identity of customers seeking to open new financial accounts.  Failure to comply with these regulations 
could result in fines or sanctions and limit our ability to get regulatory approval of acquisitions.  Recently several banking institutions 
have received large fines for non-compliance with these laws and regulations.  While we have developed policies and procedures 
designed to assist in compliance with these laws and regulations, no assurance can be given that these policies and procedures 
will be effective in preventing violations of these laws and regulations.

Our growth or future losses may require us to raise additional capital in the future, but that capital may not be available when 
it is needed or the cost of that capital may be very high.

We are required by federal regulatory authorities to maintain adequate levels of capital to support our operations.  At 
some point, we may need to raise additional capital to support our growth or replenish future losses.  Our ability to raise additional 
capital, if needed, will depend on conditions in the capital markets at that time, which are outside our control, and on our financial 
condition and performance.  If we are able to raise capital it may not be on terms that are acceptable to us.  Accordingly, we cannot 
make assurances that we will be able to raise additional capital if needed on terms that are acceptable to us, or at all.  If we cannot 
raise additional capital when needed, our ability to further expand our operations could be materially impaired and our financial 
condition and liquidity could be materially and adversely affected.  In addition, any additional capital we obtain may result in the 
dilution of the interests of existing holders of our common stock.  Further, if we are unable to raise additional capital when required 
by our bank regulators, we may be subject to adverse regulatory action. 

We may experience future goodwill impairment, which could reduce our earnings.

We performed our test for goodwill impairment for fiscal year 2018, and the test concluded that recorded goodwill was 
not impaired.  Our test of goodwill for potential impairment is based on a qualitative assessment by management that takes into 
consideration macroeconomic conditions, industry and market conditions, cost or margin factors, financial performance and share 
price.  Our evaluation of the fair value of goodwill involves a substantial amount of judgment.  If our judgment was incorrect, or 
if events or circumstances change, and an impairment of goodwill was deemed to exist, we would be required to write down our 
goodwill resulting in a charge against operations, which would adversely affect our results of operations, perhaps materially; 
however, it would have no impact on our liquidity, operations or regulatory capital.  The acquisition of South Sound Bank on 
October 1, 2018, is expected to substantially increase our goodwill.

We may experience decreases in the fair value of our mortgage servicing rights, which could reduce our earnings.

Mortgage servicing rights (“MSRs”) are capitalized at estimated fair value when acquired through the origination of loans 
that are subsequently sold with servicing rights retained.  At September 30, 2018, our MSRs totaled $2.03 million.  MSRs are 
amortized to servicing income on loans sold over the period of estimated net servicing income.  The estimated fair value of MSRs 
at the date of the sale of loans is determined based on the discounted present value of expected future cash flows using key 
assumptions for servicing income and costs and prepayment rates on the underlying loans.  On a quarterly basis, we evaluate the 
fair value of MSRs for impairment by comparing actual cash flows and estimated cash flows from the servicing assets to those 
estimated at the time servicing assets were originated.  Our methodology for estimating the fair value of MSRs is highly sensitive 
to changes in assumptions, such as prepayment speeds.  The effect of changes in market interest rates on estimated rates of loan 
prepayments represents the predominant risk characteristic underlying the MSRs portfolio.  For example, a decrease in mortgage 
interest rates typically increases the prepayment speeds of MSRs and therefore decreases the fair value of the MSRs.  Future 
43

 
 
 
 
decreases in mortgage interest rates could decrease the fair value of our MSRs below their recorded amount, which would decrease 
our earnings.

Our framework for managing risks may not be effective in mitigating risk and loss to us.

We have established processes and procedures intended to identify, measure, monitor, report, analyze and control the 
types of risk to which we are subject.  These risks include liquidity risk, credit risk, market risk, interest rate risk, operational risk, 
legal and compliance risk, and reputational risk, among others.  We also maintain a compliance program to identify, measure, 
assess, and report on our adherence to applicable laws, policies and procedures.  While we assess and improve these programs on 
an ongoing basis, there can be no assurance that our risk management or compliance programs, along with other related controls, 
will effectively mitigate all risk and limit losses in our business.  As with any risk management framework, there are inherent 
limitations to our risk management strategies as there may exist, or develop in the future, risks that we have not appropriately 
anticipated or identified.  If our risk management framework proves ineffective, we could suffer unexpected losses which could 
have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

We are subject to certain risks in connection with our use of technology.

Our security measures may not be sufficient to mitigate the risk of a cyber attack.  Communications and information 
systems are essential to the conduct of our business, as we use such systems to manage our customer relationships, our general 
ledger and virtually all other aspects of our business.  Our operations rely on the secure processing, storage, and transmission of 
confidential and other information in our computer systems and networks.  Although we take protective measures and endeavor 
to modify them as circumstances warrant, the security of our computer systems, software, and networks may be vulnerable to 
breaches, fraudulent or unauthorized access, denial or degradation of service attacks, misuse, computer viruses, malware or other 
malicious code and cyber attacks that could have a security impact.  If one or more of these events occur, this could jeopardize 
our or our customers' confidential and other information processed and stored in, and transmitted through, our computer systems 
and networks, or otherwise cause interruptions or malfunctions in our operations or the operations of our customers or counterparties.  
We may be required to expend significant additional resources to modify our protective measures or to investigate and remediate 
vulnerabilities or other exposures, and we may be subject to litigation and financial losses that are either not insured against or 
not fully covered through any insurance maintained by us.  We could also suffer significant reputational damage.

Security breaches in our internet banking activities could further expose us to possible liability and damage our reputation.
Increases in criminal activity levels and sophistication, advances in computer capabilities, new discoveries, vulnerabilities in third 
party technologies (including browsers and operating systems) or other developments could result in a compromise or breach of 
the technology, processes and controls that we use to prevent fraudulent transactions and to protect data about us, our clients and 
underlying transactions.  Any compromise of our security could deter customers from using our internet banking services that 
involve the transmission of confidential information.  We rely on standard internet security systems to provide the security and 
authentication necessary to effect secure transmission of data.  Although we have developed and continue to invest in systems and 
processes that are designed to detect and prevent security breaches and cyber attacks and periodically test our security, these 
precautions may not protect our systems from compromises or breaches of our security measures, and could result in losses to us 
or our customers, our loss of business and/or customers, damage to our reputation, the incurrence of additional expenses, disruption 
to our business, our inability to grow our online services or other businesses, additional regulatory scrutiny or penalties, or our 
exposure to civil litigation and possible financial liability, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, 
financial condition and results of operation.

Our security measures may not protect us from system failures or interruptions.  While we have established policies and 
procedures to prevent or limit the impact of systems failures and interruptions, there can be no assurance that such events will not 
occur or that they will be adequately addressed if they do.  In addition, we outsource certain aspects of our data processing and 
other operational functions to certain third-party providers.  While the Company selects third-party vendors carefully, it does not 
control their actions.  If our third-party providers encounter difficulties, including those resulting from breakdowns, or other 
disruptions in communication services provided by a vendor, failure of a vendor to handle current or higher transaction volumes, 
cyber attacks and security breaches or if we otherwise have difficulty in communicating with them, our ability to adequately 
process and account for transactions could be affected, and our ability to deliver products and services to customers and otherwise 
conduct business operations could be adversely impacted.  Replacing these third-party vendors could also entail significant delay 
and expense.  Threats to information security also exist in the processing of customer information through various other vendors 
and their personnel. 

We cannot assure you that such breaches, failures or interruptions will not occur or, if the do occur, that they will be 
adequately addressed by us or the third parties on which we rely.  We may not be insured against all types of losses as a result of 
third-party failures and insurance coverage may be inadequate to cover all losses, resulting from breaches, systems failures or 
44

 
 
 
 
 
other disruptions.  If any of our third party service providers experience financial, operational or technological difficulties, or if 
there is any other disruption in our relationships with them, we may be required to identify alternative sources of such services, 
and we cannot assure you that we could negotiate terms that are as favorable to us or could obtain services with similar functionality 
as found in our existing systems without the need to expend substantial resources, if at all.  Further, the occurrence of any systems 
failure or interruption could damage our reputation and result in a loss of customers and business, could subject us to additional 
regulatory scrutiny, or could expose us to legal liability.  Any of these occurrences could have a material adverse effect on our 
financial condition and  results of operations. 

The board of directors oversees the risk management process, including the risk of cybersecurity, and engages with 

management on cybersecurity issues.

Our business may be adversely affected by an increasing prevalence of fraud and other financial crimes.

Our loans to businesses and individuals and our deposit relationships and related transactions are subject to exposure to 
the risk of loss due to fraud and other financial crimes.  Nationally, reported incidents of fraud and other financial crimes have 
increased.  We have also experienced losses due to apparent fraud and other financial crimes.  While we have policies and procedures 
designed to prevent such losses, there can be no assurance that such losses will not occur.

We are dependent on key personnel, and the loss of one or more of those key personnel may materially and adversely affect 
our prospects.

Competition for qualified employees and personnel in the banking industry is intense, and there are a limited number of 
qualified persons with knowledge of, and experience in, the community banking industry where the Bank conducts its business. The 
process of recruiting personnel with the combination of skills and attributes required to carry out our strategies is often lengthy. 
Our success depends to a significant degree upon our ability to attract and retain qualified management, loan origination, finance, 
administrative, marketing and technical personnel and upon the continued contributions of our management and personnel.  In 
particular, our success has been and continues to be highly dependent upon the abilities of key executives, including our President, 
and certain other employees.  In addition, our success has been and continues to be highly dependent upon the services of our 
directors, and we may not be able to identify and attract suitable candidates to replace such directors.

Managing reputational risk is important to attracting and maintaining customers, investors and employees.

Threats to our reputation can come from many sources, including adverse sentiment about financial institutions generally, 
unethical practices, employee misconduct, failure to deliver minimum standards of service or quality, compliance deficiencies 
and questionable or fraudulent activities of our customers.  We have policies and procedures in place to protect our reputation and 
promote ethical conduct, but these policies and procedures may not be fully effective.  Negative publicity regarding our business, 
employees, or customers, with or without merit, may result in the loss of customers, investors and employees, costly litigation, a 
decline in revenues and increased governmental regulation.

We rely on other companies to provide key components of our business infrastructure.

Third-party vendors provide key components of our business infrastructure such as internet connections, network access 
and core application processing.  While we have selected these third-party vendors carefully, we do not control their actions.  Any 
problems caused by these third-parties, including as a result of their not providing us their services for any reason or their performing 
their services poorly, could adversely affect our ability to deliver products and services to our customers or otherwise conduct our 
business efficiently and effectively.  Replacing these third-party vendors could also entail significant delay and expense.

Item 1B.  Unresolved Staff Comments

Not applicable.

45

 
 
 
 
 
 
Item 2.  Properties

At September 30, 2018, the Bank operated 22 full service facilities.  The following table sets forth certain information 
regarding the Bank’s offices, all of which are owned, except for the Tacoma office and the Lacey office at 1751 Circle Lane SE, 
which are leased.

Location

Main Office:

624 Simpson Avenue
Hoquiam, Washington 98550

Branch Offices:

300 N. Boone Street
Aberdeen, Washington 98520

201 Main Street South
Montesano, Washington 98563

361 Damon Road
Ocean Shores, Washington 98569

2418 Meridian Avenue East
Edgewood, Washington 98371

202 Auburn Way South
Auburn, Washington 98002

12814 Meridian Avenue East (South Hill)
Puyallup, Washington 98373

1201 Marvin Road, N.E.
Lacey, Washington 98516

101 Yelm Avenue W.
Yelm, Washington 98597

20464 Viking Way NW
Poulsbo, Washington 98370

2419 224th Street E.
Spanaway, Washington 98387

801 Trosper Road SW
Tumwater, Washington 98512

Year Opened

Approximate
Square Footage

Deposits at
September 30, 2018
  (In thousands)

1966

1974

2004

1977

1980

1994

1996

1997

1999

1999

1999

2001

7,700

$

64,563

3,400

3,200

2,100

2,400

4,200

4,200

4,400

3,400

1,800

3,900

3,300

34,517

41,372

34,524

51,947

35,969

41,097

29,350

31,687

21,552

42,840

39,056

(table continued on the following page)

46

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Location

7805 South Hosmer Street
Tacoma, Washington 98408

2401 Bucklin Hill Road
Silverdale, Washington 98383

423 Washington Street SE
Olympia, Washington 98501

3105 Judson Street
Gig Harbor, Washington 98335

117 N. Broadway
Aberdeen, Washington 98520

313 West Waldrip Street
Elma, Washington 98541

1751 Circle Lane SE
Lacey, Washington 98503

101 2nd Street
Toledo, Washington 98591

209 NE 1st Street
Winlock, Washington 98586

714 W. Main Street
Chehalis, Washington 98532

Loan Center/Data Center:

120 Lincoln Street
Hoquiam, Washington 98550

Administrative Offices:

305 8th Street
Hoquiam, Washington 98550

Year Opened

Approximate
Square Footage

Deposits at
September 30, 2018
  (In thousands)

2001

2003

2003

2004

2004

2004

2004

2004

2004

2009

2003

2004

5,000

$

4,000

3,000

2,700

3,700

5,900

900

1,800

3,400

4,600

6,000

4,100

69,710

48,710

59,200

38,570

42,875

36,501

17,219

41,376

18,733

48,138

N/A

N/A

Management believes that all facilities are appropriately insured and are adequately equipped for carrying on the business 

of the Bank.

At September 30, 2018, the Bank operated 22 proprietary automated teller machines ("ATMs") that are part of a nationwide 

cash exchange network.

Item 3.  Legal Proceedings

Periodically,  there  have  been  various  claims  and  lawsuits  involving  the  Company,  such  as  claims  to  enforce  liens, 
condemnation proceedings on properties in which the Company holds security interests, claims involving the making and servicing 
of real property loans and other issues incident to the Company's business.  The Company is not a party to any pending legal 
proceedings that it believes would have a material adverse effect on the financial condition or operations of the Company.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

47

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PART II

Item 5.  Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity 
Securities

The Company's common stock is traded on the Nasdaq Global Market under the symbol “TSBK.” As of November 30, 

2018, there were 8,310,703 shares of common stock issued and approximately 487 shareholders of record.  

Equity Compensation Plan Information

The following table summarizes share and exercise price information about the Company’s equity compensation plans 

as of September 30, 2018:

Number of securities to be
issued upon exercise of
outstanding options,
warrants and rights
(a)

Weighted-average exercise
price of outstanding
options, warrants and
rights
(b)

Number of securities
remaining available for
future issuance under
equity compensation plans
(excluding securities
reflected in column (a))
(c)

121,850

$

258,970

—

380,820

$

8.39

19.63

—

16.03

0

71,416

—

71,416

Plan category

Equity compensation plans
 approved by security holders:
2003 Stock Option Plan

Timberland Bancorp, Inc. 2014
 Equity Incentive Plan:

Equity compensation plans
 not approved by security holders

Total

Stock Repurchases

The Company is subject to certain restrictions on its ability to repurchase its common stock.  The Company is required 
to give the Federal Reserve prior written notice of any purchase or redemption of its outstanding equity securities if the consideration 
for the purchase or redemption, when combined with the net consideration paid for all such purchases or redemptions during the 
preceding 12 months, is equal to 10% or more of its consolidated net worth.  The Federal Reserve may disapprove a purchase or 
redemption if it determines that the proposal would constitute an unsafe or unsound practice or would violate any law, regulation, 
Federal Reserve order, or any condition imposed by, or written agreement with, the Federal Reserve.  

The Company has had various stock repurchase programs since January 1998.  On July 28, 2015, the Company announced 
a plan to repurchase 352,681 shares of the Company's common stock. This marked the Company's 17th stock repurchase plan.  
As of September 30, 2018, the Company had repurchased 130,788 shares under this plan at an average price of $11.69 per share.  
Cumulatively, since January 1998 the Company has repurchased 7,914,722 shares at an average price of $9.02 per share.  

The following table sets forth the Company's repurchases of its outstanding Common Stock during the fourth quarter of 

the year ended September 30, 2018:

Period

July 1, 2018 - July 31, 2018

August 1, 2018 - August 31, 2018

September 1, 2018 - September 30, 2018

Total

Total
Number of
Shares
Purchased

Average
Price Paid
per Share

Total Number of
Shares Purchased
as Part of
Publicly
Announced Plans

Maximum Number (or
Approximate Dollar
Value) of Shares that
May Yet Be Purchased
Under the Plans

—

—

—

—

— $

—

—

— $

48

—

—

—

—

221,893

221,893

221,893

221,893

 
 
 
 
There were no shares repurchased during the year ended September 30, 2018 and 221,893 shares were available to be 

repurchased under the current repurchase program.

Five-Year Stock Performance Graph

The following graph compares the cumulative total shareholder return on our common stock with the cumulative total 
return  on  the  Nasdaq  U.S.  Companies  Index  and  with  the  SNL  $500  million  to  $1  Billion Asset  Thrift  Index,  peer  group 
indices.  Total return assumes the reinvestment of all dividends and that the value of the Company’s Common Stock and each 
index was $100 on September 30, 2013.

Index
Timberland Bancorp
NASDAQ Composite
SNL $500M-$1B Thrift Index *

$

9/30/2013

9/30/2014

9/30/2015

9/30/2016

9/30/2017

100.00 $
100.00
100.00

118.94 $
120.61
110.72

125.70 $
125.43
130.74

186.80 $
146.03
148.79

380.04 $
180.62
214.40

9/30/2018
386.17
226.08
248.37

Year Ended

* Source: S&P Global Market Intelligence

Item 6.  Selected Financial Data

The following table sets forth certain information concerning the consolidated financial position and results of operations 
of the Company and its subsidiary at and for the dates indicated.   The consolidated data is derived in part from, and should be 
read in conjunction with, the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Company and its subsidiary presented herein.

49

 
 
 
 
2018

2017

At September 30,
2016
(Dollars in thousands)

2015

2014

SELECTED FINANCIAL CONDITION DATA:

Total assets
Loans receivable, net

$1,018,290
725,391

$ 952,024
690,364

$ 891,388
663,146

$ 815,815
604,277

$ 745,565
564,853

Investment securities held to maturity
Investment securities available for sale
FHLB stock
Other investments

Cash and due from financial institutions and

interest-bearing deposits in banks

Certificates of deposit held for investment
OREO and other repossessed assets, net
Deposits
FHLB borrowings
Shareholders' equity

12,810
1,154
1,190
3,000

148,864
63,290
1,913
889,506
—
124,657

2018

7,139
1,241
1,107
3,000

148,188
43,034
3,301
837,898
—
111,000

7,511
1,342
2,204
—

108,941
53,000
4,117
761,534
30,000
96,834

7,913
1,392
2,699
—

92,289
48,611
7,854
678,912
45,000
89,187

Year Ended September 30,
2017

2016

2015
(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)

SELECTED OPERATING DATA:

Interest and dividend income
Interest expense
Net interest income
Recapture of loan losses

Net interest income after recapture of loan losses
Non-interest income
Non-interest expense
Income before income taxes

Provision for income taxes

Net income
Preferred stock dividends
Preferred stock discount accretion

$

41,833
2,778

39,055
—

39,055
12,544
29,177
22,422
5,701

16,721
—

—

$

$

38,338
3,197
35,141
(1,250)

36,391
12,368
27,516
21,243

7,076

14,167
—
—

34,875
4,072
30,803
—

30,803
10,889
26,637
15,055

4,901

10,154
—
—

Net income to common shareholders

$

16,721

$

14,167

$

10,154

Net income per common share:

Basic

Diluted

Dividends per common share
Dividend payout ratio (1)

$

$

$

$

$
$

2.28

2.22

0.60
26.50%

$

$
$

1.99

1.92
0.50
25.70%

1.48

1.43
0.37
25.39%

_______________
(1) 

Cash dividends to common shareholders divided by net income to common shareholders.

$

$

$

$
$

$

$

$

$
$

31,168
3,890
27,278
(1,525)

28,803
9,522
25,841
12,484

4,192

8,292
—
—

8,292

1.20

1.17
0.24
20.42%

50

5,298
2,857
5,246
—

72,354
35,845
9,092
615,116
45,000
82,778

2014

29,857
3,939
25,918
—

25,918
8,530
25,798
8,650

2,800

5,850
(136)
(70)
5,644

0.82

0.80
0.16
19.97%

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTHER DATA:

2018

2017

At September 30,
2016

2015

2014

Number of real estate loans outstanding
Deposit accounts
Full-service offices

2,550
55,441
22

2,593
54,707
22

2,615
53,611
22

2,545
52,343
22

2,525
52,656
22

KEY FINANCIAL RATIOS:

Performance Ratios:

2018

At or For the Year Ended September 30,
2016

2017

2015

2014

Return on average assets (1)
Return on average equity (2)
Interest rate spread (3)
Net interest margin (4)
Average interest-earning assets to average interest-

bearing liabilities

Non-interest expense as a percent of average total

assets

1.70%
14.27
4.10
4.23

1.53%
13.65
3.93
4.07

1.19%
11.00
3.72
3.88

1.07%
9.70
3.66
3.80

0.79%
7.08
3.71
3.84

144.17

137.75

131.69

126.41

122.04

2.96

2.98

3.13

3.33

3.50

Efficiency ratio (5)

56.55

57.92

63.89

70.22

74.89

Asset Quality Ratios:

Non-accrual and 90 days or more past due loans as

a percent of total loans receivable, net

Non-performing assets as a percent of total assets

(6)

Allowance for loan losses as a percent of total loans

receivable, net (7)

Allowance for loan losses as a percent of non-

performing loans (8)

Net charge-offs (recoveries) to average outstanding

loans

Capital Ratios:

0.18%

0.28%

0.45%

1.02%

2.08%

0.36

1.30

0.60

1.36

0.88

1.46

1.84

1.62

2.94

1.81

723.61

499.90

326.66

160.30

88.96

—

(0.14)

0.02

(0.17)

0.12

Total equity-to-assets ratio

Average equity to average assets

12.24%

11.90

11.66%

11.25

10.86%

10.84

10.93%

11.01

11.10%

11.20

__________________
(1) 
(2) 
(3) 

Net income divided by average total assets.
Net income divided by average total equity.
Difference  between  weighted  average  yield  on  interest-earning  assets  and  weighted  average  cost  of  interest-bearing 
liabilities.
Net interest income before provision for (recapture of) loan losses as a percentage of average interest-earning assets.
Non-interest expenses divided by the sum of net interest income and non-interest income.
Non-performing assets include non-accrual loans, loans past due 90 days or more and still accruing, non-accrual investment 
securities, OREO and other repossessed assets.
Loans receivable is before the allowance for loan losses.
Non-performing loans include non-accrual loans and loans past due 90 days or more and still accruing.  TDRs that are 
on accrual status are not included.

(4) 
(5) 
(6) 

(7) 
(8) 

51

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Item 7.  Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF
FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

General

Management's  Discussion  and Analysis  of  Financial  Condition  and  Results  of  Operations  is  intended  to  assist  in 
understanding the consolidated financial condition and results of operations of the Company.  The information contained in this 
section should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and accompanying notes thereto included in 
Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Overview

Timberland Bancorp, Inc., a Washington corporation, is the holding company for Timberland Bank.  The Bank opened 
for business in 1915 and serves consumers and businesses across Grays Harbor, Thurston, Pierce, King, Kitsap and Lewis counties, 
Washington with a full range of lending and deposit services through its 22 branches (including its main office in Hoquiam).  At 
September 30, 2018, the Company had total assets of $1.02 billion, net loans receivable of $725.39 million, total deposits of 
$889.51 million and total shareholders’ equity of $124.66 million.  The Company’s business activities generally are limited to 
passive investment activities and oversight of its investment in the Bank.  Accordingly, the information set forth in this report 
relates primarily to the Bank’s operations.

On May 23, 2018, the Company announced the signing of a definitive agreement and plan of merger with South Sound 
Bank, a Washington-state chartered bank, headquartered in Olympia, Washington.  On October 1, 2018, the Company completed 
the acquisition of South Sound Bank (the "South Sound Merger") and South Sound Bank merged into the Bank and the Company.  
At September 30, 2018, South Sound Bank had $178.33 million in total assets, $121.35 million in net loans receivable and $151.43 
million in total deposits.  As a result of the South Sound Merger, South Sound Bank shareholders received 904,826 shares of 
Timberland Bancorp common stock and $6.90 million in cash for total consideration paid of $35.17 million.  The financial condition 
data and operating results of the Company at and for the year ended September 30, 2018, do not include the acquired assets and 
assumed liabilities from South Sound Bank or the operating results produced by the acquired assets and assumed liabilities as the 
South Sound Merger did not close until October 1, 2018.  For additional details see Note 21 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial 
Statements contained in "Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data."

The Bank is a community-oriented bank which has traditionally offered a variety of savings products to its retail customers 
while concentrating its lending activities on real estate mortgage loans.  Lending activities have been focused primarily on the 
origination of loans secured by real estate, including residential construction loans, one- to four-family residential loans, multi-
family loans and commercial real estate loans.  The Bank originates adjustable-rate residential mortgage loans that do not qualify 
for sale in the secondary market.  The Bank also originates commercial business loans and other consumer loans.

The profitability of the Company’s operations depends primarily on its net interest income after provision for (recapture 
of) loan losses.  Net interest income is the difference between interest income, which is the income that the Company earns on 
interest-earning assets, which are primarily loans and investments, and interest expense, the amount the Company pays on its 
interest-bearing liabilities, which are primarily deposits and borrowings (as needed).  Net interest income is affected by changes 
in the volume and mix of interest-earning assets, interest earned on those assets, the volume and mix of interest-bearing liabilities 
and interest paid on those interest-bearing liabilities. Management attempts to match the re-pricing characteristics of the interest-
earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities to protect net interest income from changes in market interest rates and changes in 
the shape of the yield curve.

The provision for (recapture of) loan losses is dependent on changes in the loan portfolio and management’s assessment 
of the collectability of the loan portfolio as well as prevailing economic and market conditions.  The allowance for loan losses 
reflects the amount that the Company believes is adequate to cover probable credit losses inherent in its loan portfolio.

Net income is also affected by non-interest income and non-interest expenses.  For the year ended September 30, 2018, 
non-interest  income  consisted  primarily  of  service  charges  on  deposit  accounts,  gain  on  sales  of  loans, ATM  and  debit  card 
interchange transaction fees, an increase in the cash surrender value of BOLI, servicing income on loans sold and other operating 
income.  Non-interest income is also increased by net recoveries on investment securities and reduced by net OTTI losses on 
investment securities, if any.  Non-interest expenses consisted primarily of salaries and employee benefits, premises and equipment, 
52

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
advertising, ATM and debit card interchange transaction fees, postage and courier expenses, state and local taxes, professional 
fees, FDIC insurance premiums, loan administration and foreclosure expenses, data processing and telecommunication expenses, 
deposit operation expenses and other non-interest expenses.  Non-interest expenses in certain periods are reduced by gains on the 
sale of premises and equipment and by gains on the sale of OREO.  Non-interest income and non-interest expenses are affected 
by the growth of the Company's operations and growth in the number of loan and deposit accounts.

Results of operations may be affected significantly by general and local economic and competitive conditions, changes 

in market interest rates, governmental policies and actions of regulatory authorities.

Operating Strategy

The Company is a bank holding company which operates primarily through its subsidiary, the Bank.  The Company's 
primary objective is to operate the Bank as a well capitalized, profitable, independent, community-oriented financial institution, 
serving customers in its primary market area of Grays Harbor, Pierce, Thurston, Kitsap, King and Lewis counties.  The Company's 
strategy is to provide innovative products and superior service to small businesses, industry and geographic niches, and individuals 
located in its primary market area.

The Company's goal is to deliver returns to shareholders by increasing higher-yielding assets (in particular commercial 
real estate, construction, and commercial business loans), increasing core deposit balances, managing problem assets, efficiently 
managing expenses, and exploring expansion opportunities.  The Company seeks to achieve these results by focusing on the 
following objectives:    

Expand our presence within our existing market areas by capturing opportunities resulting from changes in the 
competitive environment. We currently conduct our business primarily in western Washington. We have a community bank 
strategy that emphasizes responsive and personalized service to our customers.  As a result of consolidation of banks in our market 
areas, we believe there is an opportunity for a community and customer focused bank to expand its customer base.  By offering 
timely  decision  making,  delivering  appropriate  banking  products  and  services,  and  providing  customer  access  to  our  senior 
managers we believe community banks, such as Timberland Bank, can distinguish themselves from larger banks operating in our 
market areas.  We believe we have a significant opportunity to attract additional borrowers and depositors and expand our market 
presence and market share within our extensive branch footprint.

Portfolio diversification. In recent years, we have limited the origination of speculative construction loans and land 
loans in favor of loans that possess credit profiles representing less risk to the Bank.  We continue originating owner/builder and 
custom construction loans, multi-family loans, commercial business loans and certain commercial real estate loans which offer 
higher risk adjusted returns, shorter maturities and more sensitivity to interest rate fluctuations than fixed rate one-to four-family 
loans.  We anticipate capturing more of each customer's banking relationship by cross selling our loan and deposit products and 
offering additional services to our customers.

Increase core deposits and other retail deposit products. We focus on establishing a total banking relationship with 
our  customers  with  the  intent  of  internally  funding  our  loan  portfolio.    We  anticipate  that  the  continued  focus  on  customer 
relationships will increase our level of core deposits.  In addition to our retail branches, we maintain technology based products 
such as business cash management and a business remote deposit product that enables us to compete effectively with banks of all 
sizes.

Limit exposure to increasing interest rates. For many years, the majority of the loans the Bank has retained in its 
portfolio have generally possessed periodic interest rate adjustment features or have been relatively short term in nature.  Loans 
originated  for  portfolio  retention  have  generally  included ARM  loans,  short  term  construction  loans,  and  to  a  lesser  extent 
commercial business loans with interest rates tied to a market index such as the Prime Rate.  Longer term fixed-rate mortgage 
loans have generally been originated for sale into the secondary market.

Continue  generating  revenues  through  mortgage  banking  operations. The  substantial  majority  of  the  fixed-rate 
residential mortgage loans we originate are sold into the secondary market with servicing retained.  This strategy produces gains 
on the sale of such loans and reduces the interest rate and credit risk associated with fixed-rate residential lending.  We continue 
to originate custom construction and owner builder loans for sale into the secondary market upon the completion of construction.

Maintaining strong asset quality. We believe that strong asset quality is a key to our long-term financial success.  The 
percentage of non-performing loans to loans receivable, net was 0.18% and 0.28% at September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.  
The Company's percentage of non-performing assets to total assets at September 30, 2018 was 0.36% compared to 0.60% at 
September 30, 2017.  Non-performing assets have decreased to $3.64 million at September 30, 2018 from $21.91 million at 
53

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
September  30,  2014.    We  continue  to  seek  to  reduce  the  level  of  non-performing  assets  through  collections,  write-downs, 
modifications and sales of OREO.  We also take proactive steps to resolve our non-performing loans, including negotiating payment 
plans, forbearances, loan modifications and loan extensions and accepting short payoffs on delinquent loans when such actions 
have been deemed appropriate.  We have also accepted short payoffs on delinquent loans, particularly when such payoffs result 
in a smaller loss to us than foreclosure.  Although the Company plans to continue to place emphasis on certain lending products, 
such as commercial real estate loans, construction loans, and commercial business loans, the Company expects to continue to 
manage its credit exposures through the use of experienced bankers and an overall conservative approach to lending.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

The Company has established various accounting policies that govern the application of GAAP in the preparation of the 
Company's Consolidated Financial Statements.  The Company has identified five policies that as a result of judgments, estimates 
and assumptions inherent in those policies, are critical to an understanding of the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements.  
These  policies  relate  to  the  methodology  for  the  determination  of  the  allowance  for  loan  losses,  the  valuation  of  MSRs,  the 
determination of any OTTI in the fair value of investment securities, the valuation of goodwill for potential impairment and the 
valuation of OREO.  These policies and the judgments, estimates and assumptions are described in greater detail in the notes to 
the Consolidated Financial Statements contained in Item 8 of this Form 10-K.   In particular, Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial 
Statements, “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies,” generally describes the Company's accounting policies.  Management 
believes that the judgments, estimates and assumptions used in the preparation of the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements 
are appropriate given the factual circumstances at the time.  However, given the sensitivity of the Company's Consolidated Financial 
Statements to these critical policies, the use of other judgments, estimates and assumptions could result in material differences in 
the Company's results of operations or financial condition. 

Market Risk and Asset and Liability Management

General.  Market risk is the risk of loss from adverse changes in market prices and rates.  The Bank's market risk arises 
primarily from interest rate risk inherent in its lending, investment, deposit and borrowing activities.  The Bank, like other financial 
institutions, is subject to interest rate risk to the extent that its interest-earning assets reprice differently than its interest-bearing 
liabilities.  Management actively monitors and manages its interest rate risk exposure.  Although the Bank manages other risks, 
such as credit quality and liquidity risk, in the normal course of business management considers interest rate risk to be its most 
significant  market  risk  that  could  potentially  have  the  largest  material  effect  on  the  Bank's  financial  condition  and  results  of 
operations.  The Bank does not maintain a trading account for any class of financial instruments nor does it engage in hedging 
activities.  Furthermore, the Bank is not subject to foreign currency exchange rate risk or commodity price risk.

Qualitative Aspects of Market Risk.  The Bank's principal financial objective is to achieve long-term profitability while 
reducing its exposure to fluctuating market interest rates.  The Bank has sought to reduce the exposure of its earnings to changes 
in  market  interest  rates  by  attempting  to  manage  the  difference  between  asset  and  liability  maturities  and  interest  rates.  The 
principal element in achieving this objective is to increase the interest rate sensitivity of the Bank's interest-earning assets by 
retaining in its portfolio, short-term loans and loans with interest rates subject to periodic adjustments.  The Bank relies on retail 
deposits as its primary source of funds.  As part of its interest rate risk management strategy, the Bank promotes transaction accounts 
and certificates of deposit with terms of up to five years.

The Bank has adopted a strategy that is designed to substantially match the interest rate sensitivity of assets relative to 
its  liabilities.  The  primary  elements  of  this  strategy  involve  originating ARM  loans  for  its  portfolio,  maintaining  residential 
construction loans as a portion of total net loans receivable because of their generally shorter terms and higher yields than other 
one- to four-family residential mortgage loans, matching asset and liability maturities, investing in short-term securities, and 
originating fixed-rate loans for retention or sale in the secondary market while retaining the related MSRs.

Sharp increases or decreases in interest rates may adversely affect the Bank's earnings.  Management of the Bank monitors 
the Bank's interest rate sensitivity through the use of a model provided by FIMAC Solutions, LLC (“FIMAC”), a company that 
specializes in providing interest rate risk and balance sheet management services to the financial services industry. Based on a 
rate shock analysis prepared by FIMAC based on data at September 30, 2018, an immediate increase in interest rates of 100 basis 
points would increase the Bank’s projected net interest income by approximately 4.2%, primarily because a larger portion of the 
Bank's interest rate sensitive assets than interest rate sensitive liabilities would reprice within a one year period.  Conversely, an 
immediate decrease in interest rates of 100 basis points would decrease the Bank's projected net interest income by approximately 
7.7%.  See “Quantitative Aspects of Market Risk” below for additional information.  Management has sought to sustain the match 
between asset and liability maturities and rates, while maintaining an acceptable interest rate spread.  Pursuant to this strategy, the 
Bank actively originates adjustable-rate loans for retention in its loan portfolio.  Fixed-rate mortgage loans with maturities greater 
than seven years generally are originated for the immediate or future resale in the secondary mortgage market.  Although the Bank 
54

 
 
 
 
 
has sought to originate ARM loans, the ability to originate such loans depends to a great extent on market interest rates and 
borrowers' preferences.  In lower interest rate environments, borrowers often prefer fixed-rate loans.

Consumer, commercial business and construction loans typically have shorter terms and higher yields than permanent 
residential mortgage loans, and accordingly reduce the Bank’s exposure to fluctuations in interest rates. At September 30, 2018, 
the consumer, commercial business and construction portfolios amounted to $40.86 million, $43.05 million and $188.36 million, 
or 5.0%, 5.2% and 22.9% of total loans receivable, respectively.

Quantitative Aspects of Market Risk.  The model provided for the Bank by FIMAC estimates the changes in net portfolio 
value ("NPV") and net interest income in response to a range of assumed changes in market interest rates.  The model first estimates 
the level of the Bank's NPV (market value of assets, less market value of liabilities, plus or minus the market value of any off-
balance sheet items) under the current rate environment.  In general, market values are estimated by discounting the estimated 
cash flows of each instrument by appropriate discount rates.  The model then recalculates the Bank's NPV under different interest 
rate scenarios.  The change in NPV under the different interest rate scenarios provides a measure of the Bank's exposure to interest 
rate risk.  The following table is provided by FIMAC based on data at September 30, 2018:

Hypothetical
Interest Rate
Scenario (3)
(Basis Points)  
+400
+300
+200
+100
BASE
-100
-200
-300

Net Interest Income (1)(2)
$ Change
from Base

Estimated
Value

% Change
from Base

Estimated
Value
(Dollars in thousands)

Current Market Value
$ Change
from Base

% Change
from Base

$

$

48,333
46,571
44,871
43,133
41,399
38,231
35,364
33,884

6,934
5,172
3,472
1,734
—
(3,168)
(6,035)
(7,515)

16.75% $
12.50
8.39
4.19
—
(7.65)
(14.58)
(18.15)

249,797
240,844
231,756
221,671
210,753
192,932
175,927
158,959

$

$
$

39,044
30,091
21,003
10,918
—
(17,821)
(34,826)
(51,794)

18.53%
14.28
9.97
5.18
—
(8.46)
(16.52)
(24.58)

___________
(1) 
(2) 
(3) 

Does not include loan fees.
Includes BOLI income, which is included in non-interest income in the Consolidated Financial Statements.
No rates in the model are allowed to go below zero.  Given the relatively low level of market interest rates, a 
calculation for a decrease of greater than 300 basis points has not been prepared.

Computations of prospective effects of hypothetical interest rate changes are based on numerous assumptions, including 
relative levels of market interest rates, loan repayments and deposit decay, and should not be relied upon as indicative of actual 
results.  Furthermore, the computations do not reflect any actions management may undertake in response to changes in interest 
rates.

In the event of a 100 basis point decrease in interest rates, the Bank would be expected to experience an 8.5% decrease 
in NPV and a 7.7% decrease in net interest income.  In the event of a 100 basis point increase in interest rates, a 5.2% increase in 
NPV and a 4.2% increase in net interest income would be expected.  Based upon the modeling described above, the Bank's asset 
and liability structure generally results in increases in net interest income and NPV in a rising interest rate scenario and decreases 
in net interest income and NPV in a declining interest rate scenario.

As with any method of measuring interest rate risk, certain shortcomings are inherent in the method of analysis presented 
in the foregoing table.  For example, although certain assets and liabilities may have similar maturities or periods to repricing, 
they may react in different degrees to changes in market interest rates.  Also, the interest rates on certain types of assets and 
liabilities may fluctuate in advance of changes in market interest rates, while interest rates on other types may lag behind changes 
in market rates.  Additionally, certain assets have features which restrict changes in interest rates on a short-term basis and over 
the life of the asset.  Further, in the event of a change in interest rates, expected rates of prepayments on loans and early withdrawals 
from certificates of deposit could possibly deviate significantly from those assumed in calculating the table.

55

 
 
 
 
 
Comparison of Financial Condition at September 30, 2018 and September 30, 2017 

The Company's total assets increased by $66.27 million, or 7.0%, to $1.02 billion at September 30, 2018 from $952.02 
million at September 30, 2017.  The increase in total assets was primarily attributable to increases in net loans receivable, certificates 
of deposit ("CDs") held for investment and investments securities.  Total assets at September 30, 2018 also included a $6.90 million 
escrow deposit related to the South Sound Merger, which was completed on October 1, 2018.  The increase in total assets was 
funded primarily by an increase in total deposits.

Net loans receivable increased by $35.03 million, or 5.1%, to $725.39 million at September 30, 2018 from $690.36 

million at September 30, 2017, primarily as a result of increases in commercial real estate loans and net construction related loans.     

Total deposits increased by $51.61 million, or 6.2%, to $889.51 million at September 30, 2018 from $837.90 million at 
September 30, 2017, primarily as a result of increases in non-interest bearing, savings, money market, and NOW checking  account 
balances.  

Shareholders' equity increased by $13.66 million, or 12.3%, to $124.66 million at September 30, 2018 from $111.00 
million at September 30, 2017.   The increase was primarily due to net income for the year ended September 30, 2018 of $16.72 
million which was partially offset by dividends paid to shareholders of $4.43 million. 

A more detailed explanation of the changes in significant balance sheet categories follows:

Cash and Cash Equivalents and CDs Held for Investment: Cash and cash equivalents and CDs held for investment 
increased by $20.93 million, or 10.9%, to $212.15 million at September 30, 2018 from $191.22 million at September 30, 2017.  
The increase was due to a $20.26 million increase in CDs held for investment.  The Company continued to maintain high levels 
of liquidity primarily for asset-liability management purposes.

Investment Securities:  Investment securities increased by $5.58 million, or 66.6%, to $13.96 million at September 30, 
2018 from $8.38 million at September 30, 2017.  The increase was primarily due to the purchase of $6.07 million in U.S. Treasury 
and  U.S.  government  agency  securities  during  the  year  ended  September  30,  2018,  which  was  partially  offset  by  scheduled 
amortization and prepayments.  For additional details on investment securities, see "Item 1. Business - Investment Activities" and 
Note 3 to the Consolidated Financial Statements contained in "Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data."

FHLB Stock: FHLB stock increased by $83,000, or 7.5%, to $1.19 million at September 30, 2018 from $1.11 million
at September 30, 2017, due to required stock purchases by the FHLB.  The required investment in FHLB stock increased primarily 
due to the increase in total assets. 

Other Investments: Other investments remained unchanged at $3.00 million at September 30, 2018 from September 
30, 2017. This investment in the Solomon Hess SBA Loan Fund LLC is utilized to help satisfy compliance with the Company's 
Community Reinvestment Act ("CRA") investment test requirements.

Loans Held for Sale:  Loans held for sale decreased to $1.79 million at September 30, 2018 from $3.60 million at 
September 30, 2017.  The Company sells longer-term fixed-rate residential loans and the guaranteed portion of SBA commercial 
business loans for asset-liability management purposes and to generate non-interest income.  The Company sold $66.38 million
in loans during the year ended September 30, 2018 compared to $81.40 million for the year ended September 30, 2017. 

Loans Receivable, Net of Allowance for Loan Losses:  Net loans receivable increased by $35.03 million, or 5.1%, to 
$725.39 million at September 30, 2018 from $690.36 million at September 30, 2017.  The increase was primarily a result of a 
$19.96 million increase in commercial construction loans, a $16.19 million increase in commercial real estate loans, a $5.52 million 
increase in speculative one-to four-family construction loans, a $3.32 million increase in multi-family mortgage loans, a $3.04 
million increase in land development loans and smaller increases in several other categories.  These increases were partially offset 
by a $10.59 million decrease in multi-family construction loans, a $2.21 million decrease in one- to four-family loans and smaller 
increases in several other loan categories.   

Loan originations decreased by $11.02 million, or 3.2%, to $329.59 million for the year ended September 30, 2018 from 
$340.61 million for the year ended September 30, 2017.  The decrease in loan originations was primarily due to a decrease in 
construction loans originated as compared to the prior fiscal year.  For additional information on loans, see "Item 1. Business - 
Lending  Activities"  and  Note  4  to  the  Consolidated  Financial  Statements  contained  in  "Item  8,  Financial  Statements  and 
Supplementary Data."

56

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Premises and Equipment:  Premises and equipment increased by $535,000, or 2.9%, to $18.95 million at September 30, 
2018 from $18.42 million at September 30, 2017.  The increase was primarily due to the purchase of a building that will be used 
as the Company's data center in the future and a remodel of the Bank's downtown Aberdeen branch office.  These additions were 
partially offset by normal depreciation.  For additional information on premises and equipment, see "Item 2. Properties" and Note 
5 to the Consolidated Financial Statements contained in "Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data."

OREO and Other Repossessed Assets:  OREO and other repossessed assets decreased by $1.39 million, or 42.0%, to 
$1.91 million at September 30, 2018 from $3.30 million at September 30, 2017.  The decrease was primarily due to the disposition 
of $1.46 million in OREO properties and other repossessed assets and OREO valuation write-downs of $248,000.  These decreases 
in OREO and other repossessed assets were partially offset by the addition of $324,000 in OREO properties and other repossessed 
assets.  At September 30, 2018, the OREO balance was comprised of 12 individual properties.  The properties consisted of 10
land parcels totaling $1.47 million,and two commercial real estate properties totaling $448,000.  The largest OREO property at 
September 30,  2018  was  an  undeveloped  land  parcel  located  in  Lewis  County  with  a  balance  of  $874,000.  For  additional 
information on OREO and other repossessed assets, see "Item 1. Business - Lending Activities - Other Real Estate Owned and 
Other Repossessed Assets" and Note 6 to the Consolidated Financial Statements contained in "Item 8. Financial Statements and 
Supplementary Data."

Bank Owned Life Insurance ("BOLI"):  BOLI increased by $547,000, or 2.8%, to $19.81 million at September 30, 

2018 from $19.27 million at September 30, 2017 due to net BOLI earnings, representing the increase in cash surrender value.

Goodwill:  The  recorded  amount  of  goodwill  of  $5.65  million  at  September 30,  2018  remained  unchanged  from 
September 30, 2017.  The Company performed its annual review of goodwill during the quarter ended June 30, 2018 and determined 
that there was no impairment.  As of September 30, 2018, management believes that there had been no subsequent events or 
changes in circumstances that would indicate a potential impairment of goodwill.  The South Sound Merger, which closed on 
October 1, 2018, is expected to substantially increase the recorded amount of goodwill.  For additional information on goodwill, 
see Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements contained in "Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data."

MSRs:  MSRs  increased  by  $203,000,  or  11.1%,  to  $2.03  million  at  September 30,  2018  from  $1.83  million  at 
September 30, 2017, primarily due to the addition of $694,000 in capitalized MSRs for new loans being serviced, which was 
partially offset by amortization of $491,000.  The principal amount of loans serviced for Freddie Mac and the SBA increased by 
$12.81 million, or 3.6%, to $371.68 million at September 30, 2018 from $358.87 million at September 30, 2017.  For additional 
information  on  MSRs,  see  Note  7  to  the  Consolidated  Financial  Statements  contained  in  "Item  8.  Financial  Statements  and 
Supplementary Data."

Deposits: Deposits increased by $51.61 million, or 6.2%, to $889.51 million at September 30, 2018 from $837.90 million
at September 30, 2017.  The increase was a result of a $27.31 million increase in non-interest-bearing demand account balances, 
a $10.42 million increase in savings account balances, a $6.74 million increase in money market account balances, a $4.98 million 
increase in NOW checking account balances and a $2.17 million increase in CD account balances. The increase in non-interest 
bearing demand account and NOW checking account balances was primarily due to increased commercial and consumer checking 
accounts as the Company continued to emphasize increasing its transaction accounts base.  The Company also experienced deposit 
inflows due to a number of customers transferring funds from other financial institutions that were consolidated or closed branches 
during the year ended September 30, 2018.  For additional information on deposits, see "Item 1. Business - Deposit Activities and 
Other Sources of Funds" and Note 8 to the Consolidated Financial Statements contained in "Item 8. Financial Statements and 
Supplementary Data."

FHLB Borrowings: There were no FHLB borrowings at September 30, 2018 and September 30, 2017 as the Company 
repaid FHLB borrowings during the year ended September 30, 2017.  For additional information on borrowings, see "Item 1. 
Business - Deposit Activities and Other Sources of Funds - Borrowings" and Note 9 to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
contained in "Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data."

Shareholders'  Equity:  Total  shareholders'  equity  increased  by  $13.66  million,  or  12.3%,  to  $124.66  million  at 
September 30, 2018 from $111.00 million at September 30, 2017.  The increase was primarily due to net income of $16.72 million
for the year ended September 30, 2018, which was partially offset by the payment of $4.43 million in dividends to common 
shareholders. The Company did not repurchase any shares of its common stock during the year ended September 30, 2018.  For 
additional information on shareholders' equity, see the Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity contained in "Item 8. 
Financial Statements and Supplementary Data."

57

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Comparison of Operating Results for the Years Ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 

Net income for the year ended September 30, 2018 increased by $2.55 million, or 18.0%, to $16.72 million from $14.17 
million for the year ended September 30, 2017.  Net income per diluted common share increased by $0.30, or 15.6%, to $2.22 for 
the year ended September 30, 2018 from $1.92 for the year ended September 30, 2017.  The increase in net income was primarily  
due to increases in net interest income and a decrease in the Company's effective income tax rate.  These increases to net income 
were partially offset by a decrease in the recapture for loan losses and an increase in non-interest expense.

A more detailed explanation of the income statement categories is presented below.

Net Interest Income:  Net interest income increased by $3.91 million, or 11.1%, to $39.06 million for the year ended 
September 30, 2018 from $35.14 million for the year ended September 30, 2017.  The increase in net interest income was due to 
an increase in interest income and a decrease in interest expense. 

Total interest and dividend income increased by $3.50 million, or 9.1%, to $41.83 million for the year ended September 30, 
2018 from $38.34 million for the year ended September 30, 2017, primarily due to a $59.28 million increase in the average balance 
of total interest-earning assets to $923.44 million from $864.16 million and an increase in the average yield on interest-earning 
assets to 4.53% from 4.44%.  Interest income on loans receivable and loans held for sale increased by $1.91 million to $38.30 
million for the year ended September 30, 2018 from $36.39 million for the year ended September 30, 2017, primarily due to an 
increase in the average balance of loans receivable of $29.19 million during the year and to a lesser extent, an increase in the 
average yield on loans receivable to 5.31% from 5.26%.  Partially offsetting these increases was a $548,000 decrease in non-
accrual interest and prepayment penalties collected during the year ended September 30, 2018.  During the year ended September 
30, 2018, a total of $502,000 in non-accrual interest and prepayment penalties was collected compared to a total of $1.05 million 
for the year ended September 30, 2017.  Interest income on interest-bearing deposits in banks and CDs increased by $1.61 million 
to $3.20 million for the year ended September 30, 2018 from $1.59 million for the year ended September 30, 2017, primarily due 
to an increase in the average yield to 1.70% from 0.99% and to a lesser extent a $27.92 million increase in the average balance of 
interest-bearing deposits in banks and CDs.  The increase in average yield on interest-bearing deposits in banks and CDs was 
primarily due to increases in the targeted federal funds rate by the Federal Reserve during the year. 

Total interest expense decreased by $419,000, or 13.1%, to $2.78 million for the year ended September 30, 2018 from 
$3.20 million for the year ended September 30, 2017, primarily due to a $979,000 decrease in interest expense on FHLB borrowings, 
which was partially offset by a $560,000 increase in interest expense on deposits.  The decrease in FHLB borrowing expense was 
primarily due to a $17.10 million decrease in the average balance of borrowings for the year ended September 30, 2018 as the 
Company repaid all FHLB borrowings during the year ended September 30, 2017.  The increase in interest expense on deposits 
was primarily due an increase in the cost of money market accounts and certificates of deposit accounts and a $30.26 million 
increase in average interest-bearing deposits.  The average cost of money market accounts and certificates of deposit accounts 
increased to 0.52%  and 1.08%, respectively, for the year ended September 30, 2018 from 0.35% and 0.87%, respectively, for the 
year ended September 30, 2017, as market interest rates increased.    

As a result of these changes, the net interest margin increased 16 basis points to 4.23% for the year ended September 30, 

2018 from 4.07% for the year ended September 30, 2017.

Provision for (Recapture of) Loan Losses:  No provision for loan losses was made for the years ended September 30, 
2018 and 2017 as the allowance for loan losses required by the Company's loan growth was offset by the decline in non-accrual 
loans, classified and special mention loans, and other improvements in credit quality metrics.  There was a recapture of loan losses 
of $1.25 million for the year ended September 30, 2017 mainly due to the Bank's recovery on previously charged-off commercial 
real estate loans and improvement in other underlying credit quality metrics in the loan portfolio.  There were net charge-offs of 
$23,000 for the year ended September 30, 2018 compared to net recoveries of $977,000 for the year ended September 30, 2017.  The 
net charge-offs (recoveries) to average outstanding loans ratio was 0.00% for the year ended September 30, 2018 and (0.14)% for 
the year ended September 30, 2017.  The level of delinquent loans (loans 30 or more days past due) increased by $143,000, or 
5.9%, to $2.56 million at September 30, 2018 from $2.41 million at September 30, 2017 and the level of loans graded substandard 
decreased by $71,000, or 2.2%, to $3.18 million at September 30, 2018 from $3.25 million at September 30, 2017.  Special mention 
loans decreased by $4.66 million, or 59.9%, to $3.12 million at September 30, 2018 from $7.78 million at September 30, 2017.  
Non-accrual loans decreased by $594,000, or 31.1%, to $1.32 million at September 30, 2018 from $1.91 million at September 30, 
2017.

The Company has established a comprehensive methodology for determining the allowance for loan losses.  On a quarterly 
basis the Company performs an analysis that considers pertinent factors underlying the quality of the loan portfolio.  These factors 
58

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
include changes in the amount and composition of the loan portfolio, historic loss experience for various loan segments, changes 
in economic conditions, delinquency rates, a detailed analysis of impaired loans, and other factors to determine an appropriate 
level of allowance for loan losses.  Impaired loans are subject to an impairment analysis to determine an appropriate reserve or 
write-down to be applied against each loan.  The aggregate principal impairment amount determined at September 30, 2018 was 
$97,000 compared to $476,000 at September 30, 2017.

Based  on  the  comprehensive  methodology,  management  believes  the  allowance  for  loan  losses  of  $9.53  million  at 
September 30, 2018 (1.30% of loans receivable and 723.6% of non-performing loans) was adequate to provide for probable losses 
based on an evaluation of known and inherent risks in the loan portfolio at that date.  While the Company believes it has established 
its existing allowance for loan losses in accordance with GAAP, there can be no assurance that bank regulators, in reviewing the 
Company's loan portfolio, will not request the Company to increase significantly its allowance for loan losses.  In addition, because 
future events affecting borrowers and collateral cannot be predicted with certainty, there can be no assurance that the existing 
allowance  for  loan  losses  is  adequate  or  that  substantial  increases  will  not  be  necessary  should  the  quality  of  any  loans 
deteriorate.  Any material increase in the allowance for loan losses would adversely affect the Company's financial condition and 
results of operations.  For additional information, see "Item 1. Business - Lending Activities -- Allowance for Loan Losses."

Non-interest Income: Total non-interest income increased by $176,000, or 1.4%, to $12.54 million for the year ended 
September 30, 2018 from $12.37 million for the year ended September 30, 2017.  This increase was primarily due to increases of 
$227,000 increase in ATM and debit card interchange transaction fees, $63,000 in service charges on deposits, $63,000 in servicing 
income on loans sold and smaller increases in several other categories. These increases were partially offset by a $264,000 decrease 
in gain on sales of loans and smaller decreases in several other categories.

The increase in ATM and debit card interchange transaction fees was primarily due to an increase in the volume of debit 
card transactions.  The increase in service charges on deposits was primarily due to an increase in the amount of service charges 
collected on checking accounts owned by businesses associated with the marijuana (or Initiative-502) industry in Washington 
State.  It is permissible in Washington State to handle accounts associated  with this industry in compliance with federal regulatory 
guidelines.  The increase in servicing income on loans sold was primarily due to an increase in the dollar amount of loans serviced 
for Freddie Mac.  The decrease in gain on sales of loans was primarily due to decreases in the dollar volume of fixed-rate one- to 
four-family loans and of the guaranteed portion of SBA loans sold during the year. 

Non-interest Expense:   Total non-interest expense increased by $1.66 million, or 6.0%, to $29.18 million for the year 
ended September 30, 2018 from $27.52 million for the year ended September 30, 2017.  This increase was primarily due to an 
$832,000 increase in salaries and employee benefits expense, a $503,000 increase in professional fee expense and smaller increases 
and decreases in several other categories. 

The increase in salaries and employee benefits expense was primarily due to annual salary adjustments, the hiring of 
additional lending and operations personnel, and a $277,000 increase in ESOP compensation expense (as a result of the increase 
in the Company's average stock price during the year).  The increase in professional fees was primarily due to $616,000 in acquisition  
related costs related to the South Sound Merger, which closed on October 1, 2018.  Partially offsetting these increases was a 
$113,000 gain on the sale of premises as the Company sold excess property adjacent to the Edgewood Branch during the year.   
The efficiency ratio for the year ended September 30, 2018 improved to 56.55% from 57.92% for the year ended September 30, 
2017 as the increases in net interest income and non-interest income outpaced the increase in non-interest expense.

Provision for Income Taxes: The provision for income taxes decreased by $1.38 million, or 19.4% to $5.70 million for 
the year ended September 30, 2018 from $7.08 million for the year ended September 30, 2017.  The decrease in the provision for 
income taxes was primarily due to a lower effective federal corporate income tax rate as a result of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act 
("Tax Act") that was enacted on December 22, 2017.   The Tax Act (which decreased the federal corporate income tax rate to 
21.0% from 35.0% effective January 1, 2018), also required a revaluation of the Company's net deferred tax asset ("DTA") to 
account for the future impact of lower corporate income tax rates and other provisions of the legislation.  The revaluation of the 
Company's DTA balance resulted in a one-time increase to income tax expense of $548,000 during the quarter ended December 
31, 2017.       Since the Company is a September 30th fiscal-year end corporation, the reduction in the federal corporate income 
tax rate resulted in the use of a blended federal income tax rate of 24.5% for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2018, and the 
Company will use the 21.0% federal corporate income tax rate thereafter.  The impact of using the 24.5% blended federal income 
tax rate for the year ended September 30, 2018 versus a 35.0% rate reduced the provision for income taxes by approximately $2.21 
million, which was partially offset by the $548,000 one-time net DTA write-down.  The Company's effective income tax rate was 
25.4% for the year ended September 30, 2018 compared to 33.3% for the year ended September 30, 2017.  For additional information 
on  income  taxes,  see  Note  11  of  the  Consolidated  Financial  Statements  contained  in  "Item  8.  Financial  Statements  and 
Supplementary Data."

59

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Comparison of Operating Results for the Years Ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 

Net income for the year ended September 30, 2017 increased by $4.01 million, or 39.5%, to $14.17 million from $10.15 
million for the year ended September 30, 2016.  Net income per diluted common share increased by $0.49, or 34.3%, to $1.92 for 
the year ended September 30, 2017 from $1.43 for the year ended September 30, 2016.  The increase in net income was primarily  
due to increases in net interest income, non-interest income, and the recapture of loan losses (which added approximately $0.11 
to diluted earnings per share), which was partially offset by an increase in non-interest expense and an increase in the provision 
for income taxes.  

A more detailed explanation of the income statement categories is presented below.

Net Interest Income:  Net interest income increased by $4.34 million, or 14.1%, to $35.14 million for the year ended 
September 30, 2017 from $30.80 million for the year ended September 30, 2016.  The increase in net interest income was due to 
an increase in interest income and a decrease in interest expense. 

Total interest and dividend income increased by $3.46 million, or 9.9%, to $38.34 million for the year ended September 30, 
2017 from $34.88 million for the year ended September 30, 2016, primarily due to a $69.44 million increase in the average balance 
of total interest-earning assets to $864.16 million from $794.72 million and an increase in the average yield on interest-earning 
assets to 4.44% from 4.39%.  Interest income on loans receivable and loans held for sale increased by $2.80 million, to $36.39 
million for the year ended September 30, 2017 from $33.58 million for the year ended September 30, 2016, primarily due to an 
increase in the average balance of net loans receivable and loans held for sale of $48.58 million during the year and an increase 
in the average yield on loans receivable and loans held for sale to 5.26% from 5.22%. Also contributing to the increase in interest 
and dividend income (and average yields) was a $255,000 increase in non-accrual interest and prepayment penalties collected 
during the year ended September 30, 2017.  During the year ended September 30, 2017, a total of $1.05 million in non-accrual 
interest and prepayment penalties was collected compared to a total of $795,000 for the year ended September 30, 2016.

Total interest expense decreased by $875,000 to $3.20 million, or 21.5%, for the year ended September 30, 2017 from 
$4.07 million for the year ended September 30, 2016, primarily due to a $1.05 million decrease in interest expense on FHLB 
borrowings, which was partially offset by a $177,000 increase in interest expense on deposits.  The decrease in FHLB borrowing 
expense was primarily due to a $27.86 million decrease in the average balance of borrowings to $17.10 million for the year ended 
September  30,  2017  from  $44.96  million  for  the  year  ended  September  30,  2016  partially  offset  by  prepayment  penalties  of 
$282,000 incurred for paying off the borrowings before their scheduled maturities.  During the year ended September 30, 2017, 
the Company repaid all FHLB borrowings.  The increase in interest expense on deposits was primarily due to a $51.75 million 
increase in average interest-bearing deposits to $610.26 million for the year ended September 30, 2017 from $558.52 million for 
the year ended September 30, 2016.

As a result of these changes, the net interest margin increased 19 basis points to 4.07% for the year ended September 30, 

2017 from 3.88% for the year ended September 30, 2016.

Provision for (Recapture of) Loan Losses:  No provision for loan losses was made for the years ended September 30, 
2017 and 2016.  There was a recapture of loan losses of $1.25 million for the year ended September 30, 2017 mainly due to the 
Bank's recovery on previously charged-off commercial real estate loans and improvement in other underlying credit quality metrics 
in the loan portfolio.  There were net recoveries of $977,000 for the year ended September 30, 2017 compared to net charge-offs 
of $98,000 for the year ended September 30, 2016.  The net charge-offs (recoveries) to average outstanding loans ratio was (0.14%) 
for the year ended September 30, 2017 and 0.02% for the year ended September 30, 2016.  The level of delinquent loans (loans 
30 or more days past due) decreased by $1.06 million, or 30.5%, to $2.41 million at September 30, 2017 from $3.47 million at 
September 30,  2016  and  the  level  of  loans  graded  substandard  decreased  by  $1.78  million,  or  35.4%,  to  $3.25  million  at 
September 30, 2017 from $5.04 million at September 30, 2016.   Non-accrual loans decreased by $962,000, or 33.5%, to $1.91 
million at September 30, 2017 from $2.87 million at September 30, 2016.  The aggregate principal impairment amount determined 
at September 30, 2017 was $476,000 compared to $776,000 at September 30, 2016.

Based  on  the  comprehensive  methodology  for  determining  the  allowance  for  loan  losses,  management  believes  the 
allowance for loan losses of $9.55 million at September 30, 2017 (1.36% of loans receivable and 499.9% of non-performing loans) 
was adequate to provide for probable losses based on an evaluation of known and inherent risks in the loan portfolio at that date. 

Non-interest Income: Total non-interest income increased by $1.48 million, or 13.6%, to $12.37 million for the year 
ended September 30, 2017 from $10.89 million for the year ended September 30, 2016.  This increase was primarily due to a  

60

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$549,000 increase in service charges on deposits, a $376,000 increase in gain on sales of loans, a $201,000 change in net OTTI, 
a $151,000 increase in servicing income on loans sold, and smaller increases and decreases in several other categories.

The increase in service charges on deposits was primarily due to an increase in the amount of service charges collected 
on checking accounts owned by businesses associated with the marijuana (or Initiative-502) industry in Washington State.  The 
increase in gain on sales of loans was primarily due to increases in the dollar volume of fixed-rate one- to four-family loans and 
of the guaranteed portion of SBA loans sold during the year.  The change in net OTTI was a result of $33,000 net recovery for the 
year ended September 30, 2017 compared to a net OTTI expense of $168,000 for the year ended September 30, 2016.  The increase 
in servicing income on loans sold was primarily due to an increase in the dollar amount of loans serviced for Freddie Mac and a 
decrease in the amortization of MSRs. 

Non-interest Expense:   Total non-interest expense increased by $879,000, or 3.3%, to $27.52 million for the year ended 
September 30, 2017 from $26.64 million for the year ended September 30, 2016.  This increase was primarily due to a $987,000 
increase in salaries and employee benefits expense and smaller increases in several other categories.  These increases were partially 
offset by a $640,000 decrease in OREO and other repossessed assets expense, and smaller decreases in several other categories.

The increase in salaries and employee benefits expense was primarily due to annual salary adjustments and the hiring of 
additional lending and operations personnel.  The decrease in OREO and other repossessed assets expense was primarily due to 
a decrease in the level of valuation write-downs based on updated appraisals received on OREO properties.  The efficiency ratio 
for the year ended September 30, 2017 improved to 57.92% from 63.89% for the year ended September 30, 2016 as the increases 
in net interest income and non-interest income outpaced the increase in non-interest expense.

Provision for Income Taxes: The provision for income taxes increased by $2.18 million, or 44.4% to $7.08 million for 
the year ended September 30, 2017 from $4.90 million for the year ended September 30, 2016, primarily due to increased income 
before income taxes.  The Company's effective income tax rate was 33.3% for the year ended September 30, 2017 compared to 
32.6% for the year ended September 30, 2016. 

Average Balances, Interest and Average Yields/Cost

The earnings of the Company depend largely on the spread between the yield on interest-earning assets and the cost of 
interest-bearing liabilities, as well as the relative amount of the Company's interest-earning assets and interest- bearing liability 
portfolios.

61

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
62

Rate/Volume Analysis

The  following  table  sets  forth  the  effects  of  changing  rates  and  volumes  on  net  interest  income  on  the 
Company.  Information is provided with respect to the (i) effects on interest income attributable to changes in volume (changes 
in volume multiplied by prior rate), (ii) effects on interest income attributable to changes in rate (changes in rate multiplied by 
prior volume), and (iii) the net change (sum of the prior columns).  Changes in both rate and volume have been allocated to rate 
and volume variances based on the absolute values of each.

Year Ended September 30,
2018 Compared to Year
Ended September 30, 2017
Increase (Decrease)
Due to

Year Ended September 30,
2017 Compared to Year
Ended September 30, 2016
Increase (Decrease)
Due to

Rate

Volume

Net
Change
(Dollars in thousands)

Rate

Volume

Net
Change

Interest-earning assets:
Loans receivable (1)

Investment securities
Dividends from mutual funds,
FHLB stock and other investments
Interest-bearing deposits in banks
and CDs
Total net change in income on

interest-earning assets

Interest-bearing liabilities:

Savings accounts

Money market accounts
NOW accounts

Certificates of deposit
FHLB borrowings

Total net change in expense on
interest-bearing liabilities
Net change in net interest income

$

366

$

1,547

$

(100)

8

1,296

1,570

—

236
(27)

298
—

38

24

316

1,925

7

52
18
(24)
(979)

$

1,913
(62)

32

1,612

3,495

7

288
(9)
274
(979)

253

$

—

(16)

533

770

4

43
(10)
54
(127)

$

2,552
(8)

2,805
(8)

(2)

151

(18)

684

2,693

3,463

11

64
14
(3)
(925)

15

107
4

51
(1,052)

(875)
4,338

507
1,063

$

(926)
2,851

$

(419)
3,914

$

$

(36)
806

$

(839)
3,532

$

______________
(1) 

Excludes interest on loans on non-accrual status.  Includes loans held for sale and interest earned on loans held for 
sale.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

The Company's primary sources of funds are customer deposits, proceeds from principal and interest payments on loans, 
the sale of loans, maturing investment securities and FHLB borrowings.  While the maturities and the scheduled amortization of 
loans are a predictable source of funds, deposit flows and mortgage prepayments are greatly influenced by general interest rates, 
economic conditions and competition.

The Bank must maintain an adequate level of liquidity to ensure the availability of sufficient funds to fund loan originations 
and deposit withdrawals, to satisfy other financial commitments and to take advantage of investment opportunities.  The Bank 
generally maintains sufficient cash and short-term investments to meet short-term liquidity needs.  At September 30, 2018, the 
Bank's regulatory liquidity ratio (net cash, and short-term and marketable assets, as a percentage of net deposits and short-term 
liabilities) was 24.3%.  At September 30, 2018, the Bank maintained an uncommitted credit facility with the FHLB that provided 
for immediately available borrowings up to an aggregate amount equal to 45% of total assets, limited by available collateral.  The 
Bank had $279.49 million available for additional borrowings with the FHLB at September 30, 2018.  The Bank also has a LOC 
of up to $23.00 million with the FHLB for the purpose of collateralizing Washington State public deposits, all of which was 
available to be drawn upon at September 30, 2018.  The LOC amount reduces the Bank's available borrowings under the FHLB 

63

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
advance agreement.  The Bank maintains a short-term borrowing line with the FRB with total credit based on eligible collateral.  At 
September 30, 2018, the Bank had no outstanding balance on this borrowing line, under which $76.70 million was available for 
future borrowings.  The Bank also maintains a $10.00 million overnight borrowing line with PCBB.  At September 30, 2018, the 
Bank did not have an outstanding balance on this borrowing line.

Liquidity management is both a short and long-term responsibility of the Bank's management.  The Bank adjusts its 
investments in liquid assets based upon management's assessment of (i) expected loan demand, (ii) projected loan sales, (iii) 
expected deposit flows, and (iv) yields available on interest-bearing deposits.  Excess liquidity is invested generally in interest-
bearing overnight deposits, CDs held for investment and short-term government and agency obligations.  If the Bank requires 
funds beyond its ability to generate them internally, it has additional borrowing capacity with the FHLB, the FRB and PCBB. 

The Bank's primary investing activity is the origination of loans.  During the years ended September 30, 2018, 2017 and 
2016, the Bank originated $329.59 million, $340.61 million and $267.35 million of loans, respectively.  At September 30, 2018, 
the Bank had loan commitments totaling $67.19 million and undisbursed construction loans in process totaling $83.24 million.  The 
Bank anticipates that it will have sufficient funds available to meet current loan commitments.  CDs that are scheduled to mature 
in less than one year from September 30, 2018 totaled $76.16 million.  Historically, the Bank has been able to retain a significant 
amount of its deposits as they mature.

The Bank’s liquidity is also affected by the volume of loans sold and loan principal payments.  During the years ended 
September 30, 2018, 2017 and 2016, the Bank sold $66.38 million, $81.40 million and $58.90 million in loans and loan participation 
interests, respectively.  During the years ended September 30, 2018, 2017 and 2016, the Bank received $235.61 million, $211.30 
million and $155.37 million in principal repayments, respectively. 

The Bank’s liquidity has been impacted by increases in deposit levels.  During the years ended September 30, 2018, 2017 

and 2016, deposits increased by $51.61 million, $76.40 million and $82.60 million, respectively.

Cash  and  cash  equivalents,  CDs  held  for  investment  and  investment  securities  increased  to  $226.12  million  at 

September 30, 2018 from $199.60 million at September 30, 2017.

Timberland Bancorp is a separate legal entity from the Bank and must provide for its own liquidity and pay its own 
operating expenses.  Sources of capital and liquidity for Timberland Bancorp include principal and interest payments on the loan 
receivable from the Employee Stock Ownership Plan ("ESOP"), distributions from the Bank and the issuance of debt or equity 
securities. At September 30, 2018, Timberland Bancorp (on an unconsolidated basis) had liquid assets of $2.89 million.

Bank  holding  companies  and  federally-insured  state-chartered  banks  are  required  to  maintain  minimum  levels  of 
regulatory capital.  At September 30, 2018, Timberland Bancorp and the Bank were in compliance with all applicable capital 
requirements.   For  additional  details  see  Note  15  to  the  Consolidated  Financial  Statements  contained  in  “Item  8.  Financial 
Statements and Supplementary Data” and “Item 1. Business - Regulation of the Bank - Capital Requirements.”

Contractual obligations.  The following table presents, as of September 30, 2018, the Company’s significant fixed and 
determinable  contractual  operating  lease  obligations  by  payment  date.  There  were  no  other  fixed  determinable  contractual 
obligations outstanding at September 30, 2018.

Contractual obligations

Operating lease obligations

Total contractual obligations

Less than
1 year

$
$

201
201

$
$

1 year
through
3 years

Payments due by period
After
3 years
through
 5 years
(Dollars in thousands)
— $
— $

$
$

289
289

After
5 years

Total

— $
— $

490
490

Off-Balance Sheet Activities.  The Company is a party to financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk in the 

normal course of business in order to meet the financial needs of its customers.  For information regarding our commitments 
and off-balance sheet arrangements, see Note 14 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8. 
"Financial Statements and Supplementary Data" of this Form 10-K.

64

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
A summary of the Company's commitments at September 30, 2018 and 2017 is as follows (in thousands):

Undisbursed portion of construction loans in process
Undisbursed lines of credit
Commitments to extend credit
     Total commitments

Effect of Inflation and Changing Prices

2018

2017

$

$

83,237
49,525
17,665
150,427

$

$

82,411
51,420
19,673
153,504

The consolidated financial statements and related financial data presented herein have been prepared in accordance with 
GAAP which require the measurement of financial position and operating results in terms of historical dollars, without considering 
the change in the relative purchasing power of money over time due to inflation.  The primary impact of inflation on the operation 
of the Company is reflected in increased operating costs.  Unlike most industrial companies, virtually all the assets and liabilities 
of a financial institution are monetary in nature.  As a result, interest rates generally have a more significant impact on a financial 
institution's performance than do general levels of inflation.  Interest rates do not necessarily move in the same direction or to the 
same extent as the prices of goods and services.

New Accounting Pronouncements

For a discussion of new accounting pronouncements and their impact on the Company, see Note 1 to the Consolidated 

Financial Statements contained in "Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data".

Item 7A.  Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

The information contained under “Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of 

Operations - Market Risk and Asset and Liability Management” of this Form 10-K is incorporated herein by reference.

Item 8.  Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

TIMBERLAND BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY

Index to Consolidated Financial Statements

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2018 and 2017
Consolidated Statements of Income for the Years Ended

September 30, 2018, 2017 and 2016

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the
Years Ended September 30, 2018, 2017 and 2016
Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity for the
Years Ended September 30, 2018, 2017 and 2016
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Years Ended

September 30, 2018, 2017 and 2016
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

65

Page

66
68

70

72

73

75
77

 
 
 
 
 
 
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Consolidated Balance Sheets

(Dollars in Thousands, Except Per Share Amounts)

Timberland Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary
September 30, 2018 and 2017 

Assets

Cash and cash equivalents:

Cash and due from financial institutions
Interest-bearing deposits in banks
Total cash and cash equivalents

Certificates of deposit (“CDs”) held for investment (at cost, which
     approximates fair value)

Investment securities held to maturity, at amortized cost (estimated fair value $13,264 and
$7,744)
Investment securities available for sale, at fair value
Federal Home Loan Bank of Des Moines (“FHLB”) stock
Other investments, at cost
Loans held for sale
Loans receivable, net of allowance for loans losses of $9,530 and $9,553
Premises and equipment, net
Other real estate owned (“OREO”) and other repossessed assets, net
Accrued interest receivable
Bank owned life insurance (“BOLI”)
Goodwill
Mortgage servicing rights (“MSRs”), net

Escrow deposit for business combination
Other assets

Total assets

Liabilities and shareholders’ equity
Liabilities

Deposits:

     Non-interest-bearing demand
     Interest-bearing
Total deposits

Other liabilities and accrued expenses

Total liabilities

Commitments and contingencies (See Note 14)

2018

2017

$

$

20,238
128,626

148,864

17,447
130,741

148,188

63,290

43,034

12,810
1,154
1,190
3,000
1,785
725,391
18,953
1,913
2,877
19,813
5,650
2,028

6,900
2,672
1,018,290

233,258
656,248
889,506

4,127
893,633

$

$

$

$

7,139
1,241
1,107
3,000
3,599
690,364
18,418
3,301
2,520
19,266
5,650
1,825

—
3,372
952,024

205,952
631,946
837,898

3,126
841,024

See notes to consolidated financial statements

68

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated Balance Sheets (continued)

(Dollars in Thousands, Except Per Share Amounts)

Timberland Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary
September 30, 2018 and 2017 

Shareholders’ equity
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value; 1,000,000 shares authorized; none issued

Common stock, $0.01 par value; 50,000,000 shares authorized;
  7,401,177 shares issued and outstanding - September 30, 2018
  7,361,077 shares issued and outstanding - September 30, 2017
Unearned shares issued to Employee Stock Ownership Plan (“ESOP”)
Retained earnings
Accumulated other comprehensive loss

Total shareholders’ equity
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity

2018

— $

2017
—

14,394
(133)
110,525
(129)
124,657
1,018,290

$

13,286
(397)
98,235
(124)
111,000
952,024

$

$

See notes to consolidated financial statements

69

 
Consolidated Statements of Income

(Dollars in Thousands, Except Per Share Amounts)

Timberland Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary
Years Ended September 30, 2018, 2017 and 2016 

2018

2017

2016

Interest and dividend income

Loans receivable and loans held for sale
Investment securities
Dividends from mutual funds, FHLB stock and other investments
Interest-bearing deposits in banks and CDs
Total interest and dividend income

$

$

38,298
217
120
3,198
41,833

$

36,385
279
88
1,586
38,338

33,580
287
106
902
34,875

2,041
2,031
4,072

2,778
—
2,778

2,218
979
3,197

39,055

35,141

30,803

—

(1,250)

—

Interest expense

Deposits
FHLB borrowings
Total interest expense

Net interest income

Recapture of loan losses

Net interest income after recapture of loan losses

39,055

36,391

30,803

Non-interest income

Recoveries (other than temporary impairment “OTTI”) 

on investment securities

Adjustment for portion of OTTI transferred from
   other comprehensive income (before income taxes)

Net recoveries (OTTI) on investment securities

Service charges on deposits
ATM and debit card interchange transaction fees
BOLI net earnings
Gain on sales of loans, net
Escrow fees
Servicing income on loans sold
Fee income from non-deposit investment sales
Other, net
Total non-interest income, net

73

(5)
68

4,581
3,570
547
1,893
211
480
109
1,085
12,544

38

(5)
33

4,518
3,343
545
2,157
242
417
63
1,050
12,368

(29)

(139)
(168)

3,969
3,261
551
1,781
214
266
111
904
10,889

 See notes to consolidated financial statements

70

 
Consolidated Statements of Income (continued)

(Dollars in Thousands, Except Per Share Amounts)

Timberland Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary
Years Ended September 30, 2018, 2017 and 2016 

Non-interest expense

Salaries and employee benefits

Premises and equipment
Loss (gain) on sales/dispositions of premises and equipment, net
Advertising
OREO and other repossessed assets, net

ATM and debit card interchange transaction fees

Postage and courier

State and local taxes

Professional fees

Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation ("FDIC") insurance

Loan administration and foreclosure

Data processing and telecommunications
Deposit operations

Other
Total non-interest expense, net

Income before income taxes

Provision for income taxes
     Net income

Net income per common share

Basic

Diluted

2018

2017

2016

$

15,740
3,231
(102)
782
140

1,296
456

687

1,390

294
336

1,938

1,192

1,797
29,177

$

14,908
3,082
5
698
22

1,405
435

609

887

362
205

1,870

1,074

1,954
27,516

13,921
3,130
7
753
662

1,377
413

572

657

448
321

1,896

912

1,568
26,637

22,422

21,243

15,055

5,701
16,721

2.28

2.22

$

$

$

7,076
14,167

1.99

1.92

$

$

$

4,901
10,154

1.48

1.43

$

$

$

$

See notes to consolidated financial statements

71

 
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income 

(Dollars in Thousands)

Timberland Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary
Years Ended September 30, 2018, 2017 and 2016

Comprehensive income

Net income

Unrealized holding (loss) gain on investment securities available for

sale, net of income taxes of ($8), ($12), and $0, respectively

Change in OTTI on investment securities held to maturity, net of income

taxes:

Adjustments related to other factors for which OTTI was previously
recognized, net of income taxes of ($2), $12, and $7, respectively

Amount reclassified to credit loss for previously recorded

market loss, net of income taxes of $1, $2, and $49, respectively

Accretion of OTTI on investment securities held to maturity, net of

income taxes of $10, $26, and $18, respectively

Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of income taxes

2018

2017

2016

$

16,721

$

14,167

$

10,154

(39)

(23)

(7)

4

37

(5)

22

3

49

51

1

12

90

35

138

Total comprehensive income

$

16,716

$

14,218

$

10,292

See notes to consolidated financial statements

72

 
73

74

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(Dollars in Thousands)

Timberland Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary
Years Ended September 30, 2018, 2017 and 2016

Cash flows from operating activities

Net income
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash 
provided by operating activities:

Depreciation
Deferred income taxes
Earned ESOP shares
Stock option compensation expense
Net (recoveries) OTTI on investment securities
Gain on sales of OREO and other repossessed assets, net
Provision for OREO losses
Gain on sales of loans, net
(Gain) loss on sales/dispositions of premises and equipment, net
Recapture of loan losses
Loans originated for sale
Proceeds from sales of loans
Amortization of MSRs
BOLI net earnings
Increase in deferred loan origination fees

Net change in accrued interest receivable and other assets, and other
liabilities and accrued expenses
Net cash provided by operating activities

Cash flows from investing activities

Net (increase) decrease in CDs held for investment

       Purchase of investment securities held to maturity

  Proceeds from maturities and prepayments of investment securities 

held to maturity

  Proceeds from maturities and prepayments of investment securities 

available for sale

Purchase of FHLB stock
Proceeds from redemption of FHLB stock
Purchase of other investments
Increase in loans receivable, net
Additions to premises and equipment
Capitalized improvements to OREO
Proceeds from sales of OREO and other repossessed assets
Proceeds from sales/dispositions of premises and equipment
Escrow deposit for business combination

Net cash used in investing activities

2018

2017

2016

$

16,721

$

14,167

$

10,154

1,290
797
882
172
(68)
(229)
248
(1,893)
(102)
—
(62,677)
66,384
491
(547)
171

(190)
21,450

(20,256)
(6,073)

554

41
(83)
—
—
(35,522)
(2,186)
—
1,693
463
(6,900)
(68,269)

1,262
385
605
156
(33)
(54)
42
(2,157)
5
(1,250)
(69,996)
72,158
487
(545)
237

(1,610)
13,859

9,966
—

609

68
(103)
1,200
(3,000)
(26,956)
(3,526)
—
1,579
—
—
(20,163)

1,328
283
404
190
168
(47)
435
(1,781)
7
—
(57,354)
58,582
555
(551)
36

(592)
11,817

(4,389)
—

489

53
(105)
600
—
(59,212)
(640)
(142)
3,798
—
—
(59,548)

See notes to consolidated financial statements

75

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (continued)

(Dollars in Thousands)

Timberland Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary
Years Ended September 30, 2018, 2017 and 2016

Cash flows from financing activities

Net increase in deposits
Repayment of FHLB borrowings
       Proceeds from exercise of stock options
Proceeds from exercise of stock warrant

Repurchase of common stock
Payment of dividends

Net cash provided by financing activities

Net increase in cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents

Beginning of period
End of period

Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information

Income taxes paid
Interest paid

Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing activities

Loans transferred to OREO and other repossessed assets

Other comprehensive (loss) income related to investment securities

2018

2017

2016

$

51,608
—
318
—

—
(4,431)
47,495

$

76,364
(30,000)
332
2,496

—
(3,641)
45,551

82,622
(15,000)
159
—
(820)
(2,578)
64,383

676

39,247

16,652

148,188
148,864

4,462
2,714

324
(5)

$

$

$

108,941
148,188

7,596
3,283

$

$

751

$

51

92,289
108,941

4,412
3,976

307

138

$

$

$

$

See notes to consolidated financial statements

76

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements_________________________________________________________________

Timberland Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary
September 30, 2018 and 2017

Note 1 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Timberland Bancorp, Inc. (“Timberland 
Bancorp”); its wholly owned subsidiary, Timberland Bank (the “Bank”); and the Bank’s wholly owned subsidiary, Timberland 
Service Corp. (collectively,  the "Company”).  All significant intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in 
consolidation.

Nature of Operations

Timberland Bancorp is a bank holding company which operates primarily through its subsidiary, the Bank.  The Bank was 
established in 1915 and, through its 22 branches located in Grays Harbor, Pierce, Thurston, Kitsap, King and Lewis counties in 
Washington State, attracts deposits from the general public, and uses those funds, along with other borrowings, primarily to 
provide residential real estate, construction, commercial real estate, commercial business and consumer loans to borrowers 
primarily in western Washington.

Consolidated Financial Statement Presentation

The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the 
United States of America ("U.S.") (“GAAP”) and prevailing practices within the banking industry.  The preparation of 
consolidated financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of 
assets and liabilities, and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities, as of the date of the consolidated balance sheets, and 
the reported amounts of income and expenses during the reporting period.  Actual results could differ from those estimates. 
Material estimates that are particularly susceptible to significant change in the near term relate to the determination of the 
allowance for loan losses, the determination of any OTTI in the fair value of investment securities, the valuation of MSRs, the 
valuation of OREO and the valuation of goodwill for potential impairment.

Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to the 2018 fiscal year presentation with no change to previously 
reported net income or shareholders’ equity.

Segment Reporting

The Company has one reportable operating segment which is defined as community banking in western Washington under the 
operating name “Timberland Bank.”

Cash and Cash Equivalents and Cash Flows

The Company considers amounts included in the consolidated balance sheets’ captions “Cash and due from financial 
institutions” and “Interest-bearing deposits in banks,” all of which mature within ninety days, to be cash equivalents for 
purposes of reporting cash flows. 

Interest-bearing deposits in banks as of September 30, 2018 and 2017 included deposits with the Federal Reserve Bank of San 
Francisco ("FRB") of $123,745,000 and $127,128,000, respectively.  The Company also maintains balances in correspondent 
bank accounts which, at times, may exceed the FDIC insurance limit of $250,000 per correspondent bank.  Management 
believes that its risk of loss associated with such balances is minimal due to the financial strength of the FRB and the 
correspondent banks.

CDs Held for Investment

CDs held for investment include amounts invested with other FDIC-insured financial institutions for a stated interest rate and 
with a fixed maturity date.  Such CDs generally have maturities of 12 to 24 months from the date of purchase by the Company.  
Early withdrawal penalties may apply; however, the Company intends to hold these CDs to maturity.  The Company generally 
limits its purchases of CDs to a maximum of $250,000 (the FDIC insurance coverage limit) with any single financial institution.

77

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements_________________________________________________________________

Timberland Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary
September 30, 2018 and 2017

Investment Securities 

Investment securities are classified upon acquisition as either held to maturity or available for sale.  Investment securities that 
the Company has the positive intent and ability to hold to maturity are classified as held to maturity and reported at amortized 
cost.  Investment securities classified as available for sale are reported at fair value, with unrealized gains and losses excluded 
from earnings and reported in other comprehensive income (loss), net of income tax effects.  Premiums and discounts are 
amortized to interest income using the interest method over the contractual lives of the securities.  Gains and losses on sales of 
investment securities are recognized on the trade date and determined using the specific identification method.

In estimating whether there are any OTTI losses, management considers (1) the length of time and the extent to which the fair 
value has been less than amortized cost, (2) the financial condition and near term prospects of the issuer, (3) the impact of 
changes in market interest rates and (4) the intent and ability of the Company to retain its investment for a period of time 
sufficient to allow for any anticipated recovery in fair value.

Declines in the fair value of individual investment securities available for sale that are deemed to be other than temporary are 
recognized in earnings when identified.  The fair value of the investment security then becomes the new cost basis.  For 
individual investment securities that are held to maturity which the Company does not intend to sell, and it is not more likely 
than not that the Company will be required to sell before recovery of its amortized cost basis, the other than temporary decline 
in the fair value of the investment security related to: (1) credit loss is recognized in earnings and (2) market or other factors is 
recognized in other comprehensive income (loss).  Credit loss is recorded if the present value of expected future cash flows is 
less than the amortized cost.  For individual investment securities which the Company intends to sell or more likely than not 
will not recover all of its amortized cost, the OTTI is recognized in earnings equal to the entire difference between the 
investment security’s cost basis and its fair value at the consolidated balance sheet date.  For individual investment securities 
for which credit loss has been recognized in earnings, interest accruals and amortization and accretion of premiums and 
discounts are suspended when the credit loss is recognized.  Interest received after accruals have been suspended is recognized 
on a cash basis.

FHLB Stock

The Bank, as a member of the FHLB, is required to maintain an investment in capital stock of the FHLB in an amount equal to 
0.12% of the Bank's total assets plus 4.00% of any borrowings from the FHLB.  No ready market exists for this stock, and it has 
no quoted market value. However, redemption of FHLB stock has historically been at par value.  The Company's investment in 
FHLB stock is carried at cost, which approximates fair value.

The Company evaluates its FHLB stock for impairment as needed.  The Company's determination of whether this investment is 
impaired is based on its assessment of the ultimate recoverability of cost rather than by recognizing temporary declines in 
value.  The determination of whether a decline affects the ultimate recoverability of cost is influenced by criteria such as (1) the 
significance of any decline in net assets of the FHLB as compared with the capital stock amount and the length of time any 
decline has persisted; (2) commitments by the FHLB to make payments required by law or regulation and the level of such 
payments in relation to the operating performance of the FHLB; (3) the impact of legislative and regulatory changes on 
institutions and, accordingly, the customer base of the FHLB; and (4) the liquidity position of the FHLB.  Based on its 
evaluation, the Company determined that there was no impairment of FHLB stock at September 30, 2018 and 2017.

Other Investments

The Bank invests in the Solomon Hess SBA Loan Fund LLC - a private investment fund - to help satisfy compliance with the 
Bank's Community Reinvestment Act ("CRA") investment test requirements.  Shares in this fund are not publicly traded and 
therefore have no readily determinable fair market value. The Bank's investment in the fund is recorded at cost.  An investor can 
have its investment in the fund redeemed for the balance of its capital account at any quarter end with a 60 day notice to the 
fund.  

Loans Held for Sale

Mortgage loans and commercial business loans originated and intended for sale in the secondary market are stated in the 
aggregate at the lower of cost or estimated fair value.  Net unrealized losses, if any, are recognized through a valuation 
allowance by charges to income.  Gains or losses on sales of loans are recognized at the time of sale.  The gain or loss is the 

78

 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements_________________________________________________________________

Timberland Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary
September 30, 2018 and 2017

difference between the net sales proceeds and the recorded value of the loans, including any remaining unamortized deferred 
loan origination fees.

Loans Receivable

Loans are stated at the amount of unpaid principal, reduced by the undisbursed portion of construction loans in process, net 
deferred loan origination fees and the allowance for loan losses.

Interest on loans is accrued daily based on the principal amount outstanding.  Generally, the accrual of interest on loans is 
discontinued when, in management’s opinion, the borrower may be unable to make payments as they become due or when they 
are past due 90 days as to either principal or interest (based on contractual terms), unless the loan is well secured and in the 
process of collection.  In determining whether a borrower may be able to make payments as they become due, management 
considers circumstances such as the financial strength of the borrower, the estimated collateral value, reasons for the delays in 
payments, payment record, the amounts past due and the number of days past due.  All interest accrued but not collected for 
loans that are placed on non-accrual status or charged off is reversed against interest income.  Subsequent collections on a cash 
basis are applied proportionately to past due principal and interest, unless collectability of principal is in doubt, in which case 
all payments are applied to principal.  Loans are returned to accrual status when the loan is deemed current, and the 
collectability of principal and interest is no longer doubtful, or, in the case of one- to four-family loans, when the loan is less 
than 90 days delinquent. The categories of non-accrual loans and impaired loans overlap, although they are not identical.  

The Company charges fees for originating loans.  These fees, net of certain loan origination costs, are deferred and amortized to 
income on the level-yield basis over the loan term.  If the loan is repaid prior to maturity, the remaining unamortized deferred 
loan origination fee is recognized in income at the time of repayment.

Troubled Debt Restructured Loans

A troubled debt restructured loan ("TDR") is a loan for which the Company, for reasons related to a borrower’s financial 
difficulties, grants a concession to the borrower that the Company would not otherwise consider.  Examples of such concessions 
include, but are not limited to: a reduction in the stated interest rate; an extension of the maturity at an interest rate below 
current market rates; a reduction in the face amount of the debt; a reduction in the accrued interest; or re-amortizations, 
extensions, deferrals and renewals. TDRs are considered impaired and are individually evaluated for impairment.  TDRs are 
classified as non-accrual (and considered to be non-performing) unless they have been performing in accordance with modified 
terms for a period of at least six months.

Allowance for Loan Losses

The allowance for loan losses is maintained at a level sufficient to provide for probable losses inherent in the loan 
portfolio.  The allowance is provided based upon management's comprehensive analysis of the pertinent factors underlying the 
quality of the loan portfolio.  These factors include changes in the amount and composition of the loan portfolio, delinquency 
levels, actual loan loss experience, current economic conditions, and a detailed analysis of individual loans for which full 
collectability may not be assured.  The detailed analysis includes methods to estimate the fair value of loan collateral and the 
existence of potential alternative sources of repayment.  The allowance consists of specific and general components.  The 
specific component relates to loans that are deemed impaired.  For such loans that are classified as impaired, an allowance is 
established when the discounted cash flows, collateral value less selling costs (if applicable), or observable market price of the 
impaired loan is lower than the recorded value of that loan.  The general component covers non-impaired loans and is based on 
historical loss experience adjusted for qualitative factors.  The Company's historical loss experience is determined by evaluating 
the average net charge-offs over the most recent economic cycle, but not to exceed six years.  Qualitative factors are determined 
by loan type and allow management to adjust reserve levels to reflect the current general economic environment and portfolio 
performance trends including recent charge-off trends.  Allowances are provided based on management’s continuing evaluation 
of the pertinent factors underlying the quality of the loan portfolio, including changes in the size and composition of the loan 
portfolio, actual loan loss experience, current economic conditions, collateral values, geographic concentrations, seasoning of 
the loan portfolio, specific industry conditions, the duration of the current business cycle, and regulatory requirements and 
expectations.  The appropriateness of the allowance for loan losses is estimated based upon these factors and trends identified 
by management at the time the consolidated financial statements are prepared.

79

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements_________________________________________________________________

Timberland Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary
September 30, 2018 and 2017

A loan is considered impaired when it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect all amounts (principal and interest) 
when due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Smaller balance homogeneous loans, such as residential 
mortgage loans and consumer loans, may be collectively evaluated for impairment. When a loan has been identified as being 
impaired, the amount of the impairment is measured by using discounted cash flows, except when, as an alternative, the current 
estimated fair value of the collateral (reduced by estimated costs to sell, if applicable) or observable market price is used. The 
valuation of real estate collateral is subjective in nature and may be adjusted in future periods because of changes in economic 
conditions.  Management considers third-party appraisals, as well as independent fair market value assessments from realtors or 
persons involved in selling real estate, in determining the estimated fair value of particular properties.  In addition, as certain of 
these third-party appraisals and independent fair market value assessments are only updated periodically, changes in the values 
of specific properties may have occurred subsequent to the most recent appraisals.  Accordingly, the amounts of any such 
potential changes and any related adjustments are generally recorded at the time such information is received. When the 
estimated net realizable value of the impaired loan is less than the recorded investment in the loan (including accrued interest 
and net deferred loan origination fees or costs), impairment is recognized by creating or adjusting an allocation of the allowance 
for loan losses and uncollected accrued interest is reversed against interest income. If ultimate collection of principal is in 
doubt, all cash receipts on impaired loans are applied to reduce the principal balance.

A provision for (recapture of) loan losses is charged (credited) to operations and is added to (deducted from) the allowance for 
loan losses based on a quarterly comprehensive analysis of the loan portfolio. The allowance for loan losses is allocated to 
certain loan categories based on the relative risk characteristics, asset classifications and actual loss experience of the loan 
portfolio.  While management has allocated the allowance for loan losses to various loan portfolio segments, the allowance is 
general in nature and is available for the loan portfolio in its entirety.

The ultimate recovery of all loans is susceptible to future market factors beyond the Company’s control. These factors may 
result in losses or recoveries differing significantly from those provided in the consolidated financial statements. If real estate 
values decline and as updated appraisals are received on collateral for impaired loans, the Company may need to increase the 
allowance for loan losses appropriately. In addition, regulatory agencies, as an integral part of their examination process, 
periodically review the Company’s allowance for loan losses, and may require the Company to make additions to the allowance 
based on their judgment about information available to them at the time of their examinations.

Premises and Equipment

Premises and equipment are recorded at cost.  Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the following 
estimated useful lives:  buildings and improvements - five to 40 years and furniture and equipment - three to seven years. The 
cost of maintenance and repairs is charged to expense as incurred.  Gains and losses on dispositions are reflected in earnings.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

Long-lived assets, consisting of premises and equipment, are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in 
circumstances indicate that the recorded amount of an asset may not be recoverable.  Recoverability of assets to be held and 
used is measured by a comparison of the recorded amount of an asset to undiscounted future net cash flows expected to be 
generated by the asset.  If such assets are considered to be impaired, the impairment to be recognized is measured by the 
amount by which the recorded amount of the assets exceeds the discounted recovery amount or estimated fair value of the 
assets.  No events or changes in circumstances have occurred during the years ended September 30, 2018 or 2017 that would 
cause management to evaluate the recoverability of the Company’s long-lived assets.

OREO and Other Repossessed Assets

OREO and other repossessed assets consist of properties or assets acquired through or in lieu of foreclosure, and are recorded 
initially at the estimated fair value of the properties less estimated costs of disposal, establishing a new cost basis.  These assets 
are subsequently accounted for at lower of cost or fair value less estimated costs to sell. When the property is acquired, any 
excess of the loan balance over the estimated net realizable value is charged to the allowance for loan losses. The valuation of 
real estate is subjective in nature and may be adjusted in future periods because of changes in economic conditions. 
Management considers third-party appraisals, as well as independent fair market value assessments from realtors or persons 
involved in selling real estate, in determining the estimated fair values of particular properties.  In addition, as certain of these 
third-party appraisals and independent fair market value assessments are only updated periodically, changes in the values of 
specific properties may have occurred subsequent to the most recent appraisals.  Accordingly, the amounts of any such potential 

80

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements_________________________________________________________________

Timberland Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary
September 30, 2018 and 2017

changes and any related adjustments are generally recorded at the time such information is received.  Costs relating to 
development and improvement of the properties or assets are capitalized, while costs relating to holding the properties or assets 
are expensed.

BOLI

BOLI policies are recorded at their cash surrender value less applicable cash surrender charges.  Income from BOLI is 
recognized when earned.

Goodwill

Goodwill is initially recorded when the purchase price paid in a business combination exceeds the estimated fair value of the 
net identified tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed.  Goodwill is presumed to have an indefinite useful 
life and is analyzed annually for impairment.  The Company performs an annual review during the third quarter of each fiscal 
year, or more frequently if indicators of potential impairment exist, to determine if the recorded goodwill is impaired.  For 
purposes of goodwill impairment testing, the services offered through the Bank and its subsidiary are managed as one strategic 
unit and represent the Company's only reporting unit.

The annual goodwill impairment test begins with a qualitative assessment of whether it is "more likely than not" that the 
reporting unit's fair value is less than its carrying amount.  If an entity concludes that it is not "more likely than not" that the 
fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, it need not perform a two-step impairment test.   If the Company's 
qualitative assessment concluded that it is "more likely than not" that the fair value of its reporting unit is less than its carrying 
amount, it must perform the two-step impairment test to identify potential goodwill impairment and measure the amount of 
goodwill impairment loss to be recognized, if any.  The first step of the goodwill impairment test compares the estimated fair 
value of the reporting unit with its carrying amount, or the book value, including goodwill.  If the estimated fair value of the 
reporting unit equals or exceeds its book value, goodwill is considered not impaired, and the second step of the impairment test 
is unnecessary.

The second step, if necessary, measures the amount of goodwill impairment loss to be recognized.  The reporting unit must 
determine fair value for all assets and liabilities, excluding goodwill.  The net of the assigned fair value of assets and liabilities 
is then compared to the book value of the reporting unit, and any excess book value becomes the implied fair value of 
goodwill.  If the carrying amount of the goodwill exceeds the newly calculated implied fair value of goodwill, an impairment 
loss is recognized in the amount required to write-down the goodwill to the implied fair value.

Management's qualitative assessment takes into consideration macroeconomic conditions, industry and market considerations, 
cost or margin factors, financial performance and share price of the Company's common stock.  Based on this assessment, the 
Company determined that it is not "more likely than not" that the Company's fair value is less than its carrying amount and 
therefore goodwill was determined not to be impaired at May 31, 2018.

A significant amount of judgment is involved in determining if an indicator of goodwill impairment has occurred.  Such 
indicators may include, among others: a significant decline in expected future cash flows; a sustained, significant decline in the 
Company's stock price and market capitalization; a significant adverse change in legal factors or in the business climate; 
adverse assessment or action by a regulator; and unanticipated competition.  Any change in these indicators could have a 
significant negative impact on the Company's financial condition, impact the goodwill impairment analysis or cause the 
Company to perform a goodwill impairment analysis more frequently than once per year.

As of September 30, 2018, management believes that there have been no events or changes in the circumstances since May 31, 
2018 that would indicate a potential impairment of goodwill.  No assurances can be given, however, that the Company will not 
record an impairment loss on goodwill in the future. 

MSRs

The Company holds rights to service (1) loans that it has originated and sold to the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation 
(“Freddie Mac”) and (2) the guaranteed portion of U.S. Small Business Administration ("SBA") loans sold in the secondary 
market.  MSRs are capitalized at estimated fair value when acquired through the origination of loans that are subsequently sold 
with the servicing rights retained. MSRs are amortized to servicing income on loans sold approximately in proportion to and 

81

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements_________________________________________________________________

Timberland Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary
September 30, 2018 and 2017

over the period of estimated net servicing income.  The value of MSRs at the date of the sale of loans is estimated based on the 
discounted present value of expected future cash flows using key assumptions for servicing income and costs and expected 
prepayment rates on the underlying loans.  The estimated fair value is periodically evaluated for impairment by comparing 
actual cash flows and estimated future cash flows from the servicing assets to those estimated at the time the servicing assets 
were originated.  Fair values are estimated using expected future discounted cash flows based on current market rates of 
interest.  For purposes of measuring impairment, the MSRs must be stratified by one or more predominant risk characteristics 
of the underlying loans.  The Company stratifies its capitalized MSRs based on product type and term of the underlying 
loans.  The amount of impairment recognized is the amount, if any, by which the amortized cost of the MSRs exceeds their fair 
value.  Impairment, if deemed temporary, is recognized through a valuation allowance to the extent that fair value is less than 
the recorded amount.

Transfers of Financial Assets

Transfers of financial assets are accounted for as sales when control over the assets has been surrendered.  Control over 
transferred assets is deemed to be surrendered when (1) the assets have been isolated from the Company, (2) the transferee 
obtains the right (free of conditions that constrain it from taking advantage of that right) to pledge or exchange the transferred 
assets, and (3) the Company does not maintain effective control over the transferred assets through an agreement to repurchase 
them before their maturity.

Income Taxes

The Company files a consolidated federal and various state income tax returns.  The Bank provides for income taxes separately 
and remits to (receives from) Timberland Bancorp amounts currently due (receivable).

Deferred income taxes result from temporary differences between the tax basis of assets and liabilities, and their reported 
amounts in the consolidated financial statements.  These temporary differences will result in differences between income for tax 
purposes and income for financial reporting purposes in future years.  As changes in tax laws or rates are enacted, deferred tax 
assets and liabilities are adjusted through the provision for income taxes.  Valuation allowances are established to reduce the net 
recorded amount of deferred tax assets if it is determined to be more likely than not that all or some portion of the potential 
deferred tax asset will not be realized.

With respect to accounting for uncertainty in incomes taxes, a tax provision is recognized as a benefit only if it is “more likely 
than not” that the tax position would be sustained in a tax examination, with a tax examination being presumed to occur.  The 
amount recognized is the largest amount of tax benefit that is greater than 50% likely to be realized upon examination.  For tax 
positions not meeting the “more likely than not” test, no tax benefit is recorded.  The Company recognizes interest and/or 
penalties related to income tax matters as income tax expense. The Company is no longer subject to U.S. federal income tax 
examination by tax authorities for years ended on or before September 30, 2014.

ESOP

The Bank sponsors a leveraged ESOP.  The debt of the ESOP is payable to Timberland Bancorp, is recorded as other borrowed 
funds of the Bank, and is eliminated in the consolidated financial statements.  The shares of the Company's common stock 
pledged as collateral for the ESOP's debt are reported as unearned shares issued to the ESOP in the consolidated financial 
statements. As shares are released from collateral, compensation expense is recorded equal to the average market price of the 
shares for the period, and the shares become available for net income per common share calculations.   Dividends paid on 
unallocated shares reduce the Company’s cash contributions to the ESOP.

Advertising

Costs for advertising and marketing are expensed as incurred.

Stock-Based Compensation

The Company measures compensation cost for all stock-based awards based on the grant-date fair value of the stock-based 
awards and recognizes compensation cost over the service period of stock-based awards.  The fair value of stock options is 
determined using the Black-Scholes valuation model.  Stock option forfeitures are accounted for as they occur. 

82

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements_________________________________________________________________

Timberland Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary
September 30, 2018 and 2017

Net Income Per Common Share

Basic net income per common share is computed by dividing net income to common shareholders by the weighted average 
number of common shares outstanding during the period, without considering any dilutive items.  Diluted net income per 
common share is computed by dividing net income to common shareholders by the weighted average number of common 
shares and common stock equivalents for items that are dilutive, net of shares assumed to be repurchased using the treasury 
stock method at the average share price for the Company's common stock during the period. Common stock equivalents arise 
from the assumed conversion of outstanding stock options and outstanding warrants to purchase common stock.  Shares owned 
by the Bank’s ESOP that have not been allocated are not considered to be outstanding for the purpose of computing basic and 
diluted net income per common share.

Related Party Transactions

The Chairman of the Board of the Bank and Timberland Bancorp is a member of the law firm that provides general counsel to 
the Company.  Legal and other fees paid to this law firm for the years ended September 30, 2018, 2017 and 2016 totaled 
$94,000, $99,000 and $127,000, respectively.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") No. 2014-09, 
Revenue from Contracts with Customers, which created FASB Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") Topic 606 ("ASC 
606").  The core principle of ASC 606 is that an entity recognizes revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services 
to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods 
or services.  To achieve that core principle, an entity should apply the following steps: (1) identify the contract(s) with a 
customer, (2) identify the performance obligations in the contract, (3) determine the transaction price, (4) allocate the 
transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract and (5) recognize revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies a 
performance obligation.  ASC 606 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods 
within those fiscal years.  The Company adopted ASC 606 on October 1, 2018.  The Company's primary source of revenue is 
interest income, which is recognized when earned and is excluded from the scope of ASC 606, and non-interest income.  The 
adoption of ASC 606 will require additional disclosures regarding insignificant components of non-interest income, but will not 
have a material impact on the Company's future consolidated financial statements.

In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-01, Financial Instruments - Overall (Subtopic 825-10): Recognition and 
Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities.  ASU No. 2016-01 generally requires equity investments - except 
those accounted for under the equity method of accounting or those that result in consolidation of the investee - to be measured 
at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in net income.  However, an entity may choose to measure equity 
investments that do not have readily determinable fair values at cost minus impairment, if any, plus or minus changes resulting 
from observable price changes in orderly transactions for the identical or a similar investment of the same issuer.  ASU No. 
2016-01 is intended to simplify the impairment assessment of equity investments without readily determinable fair values by 
requiring a qualitative assessment to identify impairment.  ASU No. 2016-01 also eliminates certain disclosures related to the 
fair value of financial instruments and requires entities to use the exit price notion when measuring the fair value of financial 
instruments for disclosure purposes.  ASU No. 2016-01 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, 
including interim periods within those fiscal years.  The Company adopted this ASU on October 1, 2018.  The adoption of ASU 
No. 2016-01 is not expected to have a material impact on the Company's future consolidated financial statements.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842).  This ASU is intended to increase transparency and 
comparability among organizations by requiring the recognition of lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet and 
disclosure of key information about leasing arrangements.  The principal change required by this ASU relates to lessee 
accounting, and is that for operating leases, a lessee is required to (1) recognize a right-of-use asset and a lease liability, initially 
measured at the present value of the lease payments, in the statement of financial position, (2) recognize a single lease cost, 
calculated so that the cost of the lease is allocated over the lease term on a generally straight-line basis, and (3) classify all cash 
payments within operating activities in the statement of cash flows.  For leases with a term of 12 months or less, a lessee is 
permitted to make an accounting policy election by class of underlying asset not to recognize lease assets and lease liabilities.  
If a lessee makes this election, it should recognize lease expense for such leases generally on a straight-line basis over the lease 
term.  This ASU also changes disclosure requirements related to leasing activities and requires certain qualitative disclosures 
along with specific quantitative disclosures.  In July 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-11, Leases (Topic 842), Targeted 

83

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements_________________________________________________________________

Timberland Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary
September 30, 2018 and 2017

Improvements. This ASU amended the new leases standard to give entities another option for transition and to provide lessors 
with a practical expedient. The transition option allows entities to not apply the new leases standard in the comparative periods 
they present in their financial statements in the year of adoption. The practical expedient provides lessors with an option to not 
separate non-lease components from the associated lease components when certain criteria are met and requires them to account 
for the combined component in accordance with the ASC 606 if the associated non-lease components are the predominant 
components. The amendments have the same effective date as ASU No. 2016-02. The amendments in ASU No. 2016-02 are 
effective for fiscal years, including interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2018.  Early 
application of the amendments in this ASU is permitted.  The effect of adoption of this ASU will depend on the nature and 
terms of the Company's leases at the time of adoption.  Once adopted, the Company expects to report higher assets and 
liabilities as a result of including right-of-use assets and lease liabilities related to certain banking offices and certain equipment 
under non-cancelable operating lease agreements; however, based on current leases the adoption of ASU No. 2016-02 is not 
expected to have a material impact on the Company's future consolidated financial statements.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses.  This ASU replaces the existing 
incurred losses methodology with a current expected losses methodology with respect to most financial assets measured at 
amortized cost and certain other instruments, including trade and other receivables, loans, held to maturity investment securities 
and off-balance sheet commitments.  In addition, this ASU requires credit losses relating to available for sale debt securities to 
be recorded through an allowance for credit losses rather than as a reduction of the carrying amount.  ASU No. 2016-13 also 
changes the accounting for purchased credit-impaired debt securities and loans.  ASU No. 2016-13 retains many of the current 
disclosure requirements in GAAP and expands certain disclosure requirements.  ASU No. 2016-13 is effective for fiscal years 
beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years.  Upon adoption, the Company expects a 
change in the processes and procedures to calculate the allowance for loan losses, including changes in the assumptions and 
estimates to consider expected credit losses over the life of the loan versus the current accounting practice that utilizes the 
incurred loss model.  In addition, the current policy for other-than-temporary impairment on investment securities available for 
sale will be replaced with an allowance approach.  The Company is reviewing the requirements of ASU No. 2016-13 and 
expects to begin developing and implementing processes and procedures to ensure it is fully compliant with the amendments at 
the adoption date.  At this time, the Company anticipates the allowance for loan losses will increase as a result of the 
implementation of this ASU; however, until its evaluation is complete, the magnitude of the increase will be unknown.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-04, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other: Simplifying the Test for Goodwill 
Impairment. This ASU simplifies the subsequent measurement of goodwill and eliminates Step 2 from the goodwill impairment 
test. In computing the implied fair value of goodwill under Step 2, an entity had to perform procedures to determine the fair 
value of its assets and liabilities (including unrecognized assets and liabilities) at the impairment testing date following the 
procedure that would be required in determining the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a business 
combination. Under ASU No. 2017-04, an entity should perform its annual, or interim, goodwill impairment test by comparing 
the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount. An entity should recognize an impairment charge for the amount by 
which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit's fair value; however, the loss recognized should not exceed the total 
amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. Additionally, an entity should consider income tax effects from any tax 
deductible goodwill on the carrying amount of the reporting unit when measuring the goodwill impairment loss, if applicable. 
ASU No. 2017-04 will be effective for annual or interim goodwill impairment tests in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 
2019. Early application of this ASU is permitted for interim or annual goodwill impairment tests performed on testing dates 
after January 1, 2017. The adoption of ASU No. 2017-04 is not expected to have a material impact on the Company's future 
consolidated financial statements.

In March 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-08, Receivables - Nonrefundable Fees and Other Costs (Subtopic 310-20): 
Premium Amortization on Purchased Callable Debt Securities. This ASU shortens the amortization period for certain callable 
debt securities held at a premium to the earliest call date. This ASU is effective for fiscal years, including interim periods within 
those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2018. The adoption of ASU No. 2017-08 is not expected to have a material 
impact on the Company's future consolidated financial statements.

In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-09, Compensation-Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Scope of Modification 
Accounting. This ASU was issued to provide clarity as to when to apply modification accounting when there is a change in the 
terms or conditions of a share-based payment award. According to the ASU, an entity should account for the effects of a 
modification unless the fair value, vesting conditions, and balance sheet classification of the award are the same after the 
modification as compared to the original award prior to modification. ASU No. 2017-09 is effective for fiscal years, including 
interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2017, with early adoption permitted.  The Company 

84

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements_________________________________________________________________

Timberland Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary
September 30, 2018 and 2017

adopted this ASU on October 1, 2018.  The adoption of ASU No. 2017-09 is not expected to have a material impact on the 
Company's future consolidated financial statements.

In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-07, Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to 
Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting.  This ASU was issued to expand the scope of Topic 718 to include share-based 
payment transactions for acquiring goods and services from nonemployees.  Previously, these awards were recorded at the fair 
value of consideration received or the fair value of the equity instruments issued and was measured at the earlier of the 
commitment date or the date performance was completed.  The amendments in this ASU require nonemployee share-based 
payment awards to be measured at the grant-date fair value of the equity instrument.  ASU No. 2018-07 is effective for fiscal 
years, including interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2018.  Early adoption is permitted, but 
no earlier than an entity's adoption of Topic 606.  The adoption of ASU No. 2018-07 is not expected to have a material impact 
on the Company's future consolidated financial statements.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework - Changes to 
the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement.  This ASU modifies the disclosure requirements for fair value 
measurements.  The following disclosure requirements were removed from ASC Topic 820, Fair Value Measurement: (1) the 
amount of and reasons for transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy; (2) the policy for timing of 
transfers between levels; and (3) the valuation process for Level 3 fair value measurements.  This ASU clarifies that the 
measurement uncertainty disclosure is to communicate information about the uncertainty in measurement as of the reporting 
date.  This ASU adds the following disclosure requirements for Level 3 measurements: (1) changes in unrealized gains and 
losses for the period included in other comprehensive income for the recurring Level 3 fair value measurements held at the end 
of the reporting period, and (2) the range and weighted average of significant unobservable inputs used to develop Level 3 fair 
value measurements.  ASU No. 2018-13 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim 
periods within those fiscal years.  Early adoption is permitted for any removed or modified disclosures.  The adoption of ASU 
No. 2018-13 is not expected to have a material impact on the Company's future consolidated financial statements.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-15, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other -  Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 
350-40), Customer's Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That Is a Service 
Contract.  The amendments in this ASU broaden the scope of ASC Subtopic 350-40 to include costs incurred to implement a 
hosting arrangement that is a service contract.  The amendments align the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs 
incurred in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract with the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred 
to develop or obtain internal-use software (and hosting arrangements that include an internal-use software license).  The costs 
are capitalized or expensed depending on the nature of the costs and the project stage during which they are incurred, consistent 
with the accounting for internal-use software costs.  The amendments in this ASU result in consistent capitalization of 
implementation costs of a hosting arrangement that is a service contract and implementation costs incurred to develop or obtain 
internal use software (and hosting arrangements that include an internal-use software license).  The accounting for the service 
element of a hosting arrangement that is a service contract is not affected by the amendments in this ASU.  ASU No. 2018-15 is 
effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years.  The adoption 
of ASU No. 2018-15 is not expected to have a material impact on the Company's future consolidated financial statements.

Note 2 - Restricted Assets

Federal Reserve regulations require that the Bank maintain certain minimum reserve balances on hand or on deposit with the 
FRB, based on a percentage of transaction account deposits.  The amounts of the reserve requirement balances as of September 
30, 2018 and 2017 were $1,609,000 and $1,658,000, respectively.

85

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements_________________________________________________________________

Timberland Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary
September 30, 2018 and 2017

Note 3 - Investment Securities

Held to maturity and available for sale investment securities were as follows as of September 30, 2018 and 2017 (dollars in 
thousands):

September 30, 2018
Held to Maturity

Mortgage-backed securities ("MBS"):

U.S. government agencies
Private label residential

U.S. Treasury and U.S. government agency securities

Total

Available for Sale

MBS: U.S. government agencies
Mutual funds

Total

September 30, 2017
Held to Maturity

MBS:

U.S. government agencies
Private label residential

U.S. Treasury and U.S. government agency securities

Total

Available for Sale

MBS: U.S. government agencies
Mutual funds

Total

Amortized
Cost

Gross
Unrealized
Gains

Gross
Unrealized
Losses

Estimated
Fair Value

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

1,385
460
10,965
12,810

231
1,000
1,231

532
599
6,008
7,139

271
1,000
1,271

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

8
552
—
560

7
—
7

11
596
10
617

18
—
18

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

(21) $
(2)
(83)
(106) $

(1) $
(83)
(84) $

(1) $
(2)
(9)
(12) $

— $
(48)
(48) $

1,372
1,010
10,882
13,264

237
917
1,154

542
1,193
6,009
7,744

289
952
1,241

86

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements_________________________________________________________________

Timberland Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary
September 30, 2018 and 2017

Held to maturity and available for sale investment securities with unrealized losses were as follows as of September 30, 2018 
(dollars in thousands):

Less Than 12 Months

12 Months or Longer

Total

Estimated
 Fair
 Value

Gross
Unrealized
Losses

Qty

Estimated
 Fair
 Value

Gross
Unrealized
Losses

Estimated
 Fair
 Value

Gross
Unrealized
Losses

Qty

Held to Maturity

MBS:

U.S. government agencies $
Private label residential

954
—

U.S. Treasury and U.S.
government agency
securities

     Total

7,946
8,900

$

Available for Sale

MBS:

U.S. government agencies $

Mutual funds

     Total

$

34
—
34

$

$

$

$

(20)
2
— —

(22)
(42)

2
4

(1)
1
— —
1
(1)

$

$

$

$

64
50

2,935
3,049

$

$

— $

917
917

$

(1)
(2)

(61)
(64)

5
8

1
14

$

$

1,018
50

10,881
11,949

— — $
(83)
(83)

1
1

$

34
917
951

$

$

$

$

(21)
(2)

(83)
(106)

(1)
(83)
(84)

Held to maturity and available for sale investment securities with unrealized losses were as follows as of September 30, 2017 
(dollars in thousands):

Less Than 12 Months

12 Months or Longer

Total

Estimated
 Fair
 Value

Gross
Unrealized
Losses

Qty

Estimated
 Fair
 Value

Gross
Unrealized
Losses

Estimated
 Fair
 Value

Gross
Unrealized
Losses

Qty

Held to Maturity

MBS:

U.S. government agencies $
Private label residential

— $
—

— — $
— —

U.S. Treasury and U.S.
government agency
securities

     Total

Available for Sale
Mutual funds

     Total

$

$
$

2,984
2,984

$

(9)
(9)

1
1

$

— $
— $

— — $
— — $

114
85

—
199

952
952

$

$

$
$

(1)
(2)

6
10

— —
(3)
16

(48)
(48)

1
1

$

$

$
$

114
85

2,984
3,183

952
952

$

$

$
$

(1)
(2)

(9)
(12)

(48)
(48)

The Company has evaluated the investment securities in the above tables and has determined that the decline in their value is 
temporary.  The unrealized losses are primarily due to changes in market interest rates and spreads in the market for mortgage-
related products.  The fair value of these securities is expected to recover as the securities approach their maturity dates and/or 
as the pricing spreads narrow on mortgage-related securities.  The Company has the ability and the intent to hold the 
investments until the market value recovers.  Furthermore, as of September 30, 2018, management does not have the intent to 
sell any of the securities classified as available for sale where the estimated fair value is below the recorded value and believes 
that it is more likely than not that the Company will not have to sell such securities before a recovery of cost (or recorded value 
if previously written down).

87

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements_________________________________________________________________

Timberland Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary
September 30, 2018 and 2017

The Company bifurcates OTTI into (1) amounts related to credit losses which are recognized through earnings and (2) amounts 
related to all other factors which are recognized as a component of other comprehensive income (loss).

To determine the component of the gross OTTI related to credit losses, the Company compared the amortized cost basis of the 
OTTI security to the present value of its revised expected cash flows, discounted using its pre-impairment yield. The revised 
expected cash flow estimates for individual securities are based primarily on an analysis of default rates, prepayment speeds 
and third-party analytic reports.  Significant judgment by management is required in this analysis that includes, but is not 
limited to, assumptions regarding the collectability of principal and interest, net of related expenses, on the underlying loans.

The following table presents a summary of the significant inputs utilized to measure management’s estimates of the credit loss 
component on OTTI securities as of September 30, 2018, 2017 and 2016:

September 30, 2018
Constant prepayment rate
Collateral default rate
Loss severity rate

September 30, 2017
Constant prepayment rate
Collateral default rate
Loss severity rate

September 30, 2016
Constant prepayment rate
Collateral default rate
Loss severity rate

Range

Minimum 

Maximum 

Weighted
Average 

6.00%
—%
—%

6.00%
0.03%
1.00%

6.00%
0.07%
1.00%

15.00%
10.42%
75.00%

15.00%
10.75%
62.00%

15.00%
14.45%
73.00%

12.91%
5.03%
37.25%

10.40%
4.84%
41.75%

11.29%
5.47%
42.26%

The following table presents the OTTI recoveries (losses) for the years ended September 30, 2018, 2017 and 2016 (dollars in 
thousands):

2018
Held To
Maturity

2017
Held To
Maturity

2016
Held To
Maturity

Total recoveries (OTTI)
Adjustment for portion of OTTI transferred from other
comprehensive income (before income taxes) (1)

Net recoveries (OTTI) recognized in earnings (2)

$

$

73

(5)

68

$

$

38

(5)

33

$

$

(29)

(139)

(168)

________________________

(1)  Represents OTTI related to all other factors.
(2)  Represents OTTI related to credit losses.

88

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements_________________________________________________________________

Timberland Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary
September 30, 2018 and 2017

The following table presents a roll forward of the credit loss component of held to maturity and available for sale debt securities 
that have been written down for OTTI with the credit loss component recognized in earnings for the years ended September 30, 
2018, 2017 and 2016 (dollars in thousands):

Balance, beginning of year

Additions:
       Additional increases to the amount
          related to credit loss for which OTTI
          was previously recognized
Subtractions:
       Realized losses previously recorded
          as credit losses

Recovery of prior credit loss

Balance, end of year

2018

2017

$

1,301

$

1,505

$

2016

1,576

14

18

170

(80)
(82)
1,153

$

(171)
(51)
1,301

$

(239)
(2)
1,505

$

During the year ended September 30, 2018, the Company recorded a $80,000 net realized loss (as a result of investment 
securities being deemed worthless) on sixteen held to maturity investment securities, all of which had been recognized 
previously as a credit loss. During the year ended September 30, 2017, the Company recorded a $171,000 net realized loss (as a 
result of investment securities being deemed worthless) on twenty-two held to maturity investment securities, all of which had 
been recognized previously as a credit loss.  During the year ended September 30, 2016, the Company recorded a $239,000 net 
realized loss (as a result of investment securities being deemed worthless) on twenty held to maturity investment securities, all 
of which had been recognized previously as a credit loss.

The recorded amount of investment securities pledged as collateral for public fund deposits, federal treasury tax and loan 
deposits and FHLB collateral totaled $12,100,000 and $6,824,000 at September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

The contractual maturities of debt securities at September 30, 2018 are as follows (dollars in thousands).  Expected maturities 
may differ from scheduled maturities due to the prepayment of principal or call provisions.

Due within one year

Due after one year to five years
Due after five years to ten years
Due after ten years

Total

Held to Maturity

Available for Sale

Amortized
Cost

Estimated
Fair
Value

Amortized
Cost

Estimated
Fair
Value

$

$

7,969

$

7,946

$

— $

3,965
67
809
12,810

$

3,884
68
1,366
13,264

$

—
—
231
231

$

—

—
—
237
237

89

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements_________________________________________________________________

Timberland Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary
September 30, 2018 and 2017

Note 4 - Loans Receivable and Allowance for Loan Losses

Loans receivable by portfolio segment consisted of the following at September 30, 2018 and 2017 (dollars in thousands):

Mortgage loans:

One- to four-family
Multi-family
Commercial
Construction – custom and owner/builder
Construction – speculative one- to four-family
Construction – commercial
Construction – multi-family
Construction – land development
Land

     Total mortgage loans
Consumer loans:

Home equity and second mortgage
Other

     Total consumer loans

Commercial business loans
      Total loans receivable
Less:

Undisbursed portion of construction loans in process
Deferred loan origination fees, net
Allowance for loan losses

Loans receivable, net

Significant Concentrations of Credit Risk

2018

2017

$

$

115,941
61,928
345,113
119,555
15,433
39,590
10,740
3,040
25,546
736,886

37,341
3,515
40,856

43,053
820,795

83,237
2,637
9,530
95,404
725,391

$

$

118,147
58,607
328,927
117,641
9,918
19,630
21,327
—
23,910
698,107

38,420
3,823
42,243

44,444
784,794

82,411
2,466
9,553
94,430
690,364

Most of the Company’s lending activity is with customers located in the state of Washington and involves real estate.  At 
September 30, 2018, the Company had $774,227,000 (including $83,237,000 of undisbursed construction loans in process) in 
loans secured by real estate, which represented 94.3% of total loans receivable.  The real estate loan portfolio is primarily 
secured by one- to four-family properties, multi-family properties, land, and a variety of commercial real estate property 
types.  At September 30, 2018, there were no concentrations of real estate loans to a specific industry or secured by a specific 
collateral type that equaled or exceeded 20% of the Company’s total loan portfolio, other than loans secured by one-to four-
family properties.  The ultimate collectability of a substantial portion of the loan portfolio is susceptible to changes in economic 
and market conditions in the region and the impact of those changes on the real estate market.  The Company typically 
originates real estate loans with loan-to-value ratios of no greater than 90%.  Collateral and/or guarantees are required for all 
loans.

90

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements_________________________________________________________________

Timberland Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary
September 30, 2018 and 2017

Certain related parties of the Company, principally Bank directors and officers, are loan customers of the Bank in the ordinary 
course of business.  Such related party loans were performing according to their repayment terms at September 30, 2018 and 
2017.  Activity in related party loans during the years ended September 30, 2018, 2017 and 2016 was as follows (dollars in 
thousands):

Balance, beginning of year
New loans or borrowings
Repayments and reclassifications
Balance, end of year

Loan Segment Risk Characteristics

2018
741
368
(990)
119

$

$

2017
230
592
(81)
741

$

$

2016
630
66
(466)
230

$

$

The Company believes that its loan classes are the same as its loan segments.

One- To Four-Family Residential Lending:  The Company originates both fixed-rate and adjustable-rate loans secured by 
one- to four-family residences.  A portion of the fixed-rate one- to four-family loans are sold in the secondary market for asset/
liability management purposes and to generate non-interest income.  The Company’s lending policies generally limit the 
maximum loan-to-value on one- to four-family loans to 90% of the lesser of the appraised value or the purchase 
price.  However, the Company usually obtains private mortgage insurance on the portion of the principal amount that exceeds 
80% of the appraised value of the property.

Multi-Family Lending: The Company originates loans secured by multi-family dwelling units (more than four units).  Multi-
family lending generally affords the Company an opportunity to receive interest at rates higher than those generally available 
from one- to four-family residential lending.  However, loans secured by multi-family properties usually are greater in amount, 
more difficult to evaluate and monitor and, therefore, involve a greater degree of risk than one- to four-family residential 
mortgage loans.  Because payments on loans secured by multi-family properties are often dependent on the successful operation 
and management of the properties, repayment of such loans may be affected by adverse conditions in the real estate market or 
economy.  The Company attempts to minimize these risks by scrutinizing the financial condition of the borrower, the quality of 
the collateral and the management of the property securing the loan.

Commercial Mortgage Lending: The Company originates commercial real estate loans secured by properties such as office 
buildings, retail/wholesale facilities, motels, restaurants, mini-storage facilities and other commercial properties.  Commercial 
real estate lending generally affords the Company an opportunity to receive interest at higher rates than those available from 
one- to four-family residential lending.  However, loans secured by such properties usually are greater in amount, more difficult 
to evaluate and monitor and, therefore, involve a greater degree of risk than one- to four-family residential mortgage loans. 
Because payments on loans secured by commercial properties are often dependent on the successful operation and management 
of the properties, repayment of these loans may be affected by adverse conditions in the real estate market or economy.  The 
Company attempts to mitigate these risks by generally limiting the maximum loan-to-value ratio to 80% and scrutinizing the 
financial condition of the borrower, the quality of the collateral and the management of the property securing the loan.

Construction Lending:  The Company currently originates the following types of construction loans: custom construction 
loans, owner/builder construction loans, speculative construction loans, commercial real estate construction loans, multi-family 
construction loans and land development loans. 

Construction lending affords the Company the opportunity to achieve higher interest rates and fees with shorter terms to 
maturity than does its single-family permanent mortgage lending.  Construction lending, however, is generally considered to 
involve a higher degree of risk than one- to four family residential lending because of the inherent difficulty in estimating both 
a property’s value at completion of the project and the estimated cost of the project.  The nature of these loans is such that they 
are generally more difficult to evaluate and monitor.  If the estimated cost of construction proves to be inaccurate, the Company 
may be required to advance funds beyond the amount originally committed to complete the project.  If the estimate of value 
upon completion proves to be inaccurate, the Company may be confronted with a project whose value is insufficient to assure 
full repayment, and the Company may incur a loss.  Projects may also be jeopardized by disagreements between borrowers and 
builders and by the failure of builders to pay subcontractors.  Loans to construct homes for which no purchaser has been 
identified carry more risk because the payoff for the loan depends on the builder’s ability to sell the property prior to the time 

91

 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements_________________________________________________________________

Timberland Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary
September 30, 2018 and 2017

that the construction loan is due.  The Company attempts to mitigate these risks by adhering to its underwriting policies, 
disbursement procedures and monitoring practices.

Construction Lending – Custom and Owner/Builder:  Custom construction loans are made to home builders who, at the 
time of construction, have a signed contract with a home buyer who has a commitment to purchase the finished home.  Owner/
builder construction loans are originated to home owners rather than home builders and are typically refinanced into permanent 
loans at the completion of construction.

Construction Lending – Speculative One- To Four-Family: Speculative one-to four-family construction loans are made to 
home builders and are termed “speculative” because the home builder does not have, at the time of the loan origination, a 
signed contract with a home buyer who has a commitment for permanent financing with the Company or another lender for the 
finished home.  The home buyer may be identified either during or after the construction period. 

Construction Lending – Commercial:  Commercial construction loans are originated to construct properties such as office 
buildings, hotels, retail rental space and mini-storage facilities.

Construction Lending – Multi-Family:  Multi-family construction loans are originated to construct apartment buildings and 
condominium projects.

Construction Lending - Land Development:  Land development loans are originated to real estate developers for the purpose 
of developing residential subdivisions.  The Company is currently originating land development loans on a limited basis.

Land Lending: The Company originates loans for the acquisition of land upon which the purchaser can then build or make 
improvements necessary to build or to sell as improved lots.  Loans secured by undeveloped land or improved lots involve 
greater risks than one- to four-family residential mortgage loans because these loans are more difficult to evaluate.  If the 
estimate of value proves to be inaccurate, in the event of default or foreclosure, the Company may be confronted with a 
property value which is insufficient to assure full repayment.  The Company attempts to minimize this risk by generally limiting 
the maximum loan-to-value ratio on land loans to 75%.

Consumer Lending – Home Equity and Second Mortgage:   The Company originates home equity lines of credit and second 
mortgage loans.  Home equity lines of credit and second mortgage loans have a greater credit risk than one- to four-family 
residential mortgage loans because they are secured by mortgages subordinated to the existing first mortgage on the property, 
which may or may not be held by the Company.  The Company attempts to mitigate these risks by adhering to its underwriting 
policies in evaluating the collateral and the credit-worthiness of the borrower.

Consumer Lending – Other: The Company originates other consumer loans, which include automobile loans, boat loans, 
motorcycle loans, recreational vehicle loans, savings account loans and unsecured loans.  Other consumer loans generally have 
shorter terms to maturity than mortgage loans.  Other consumer loans generally involve a greater degree of risk than do 
residential mortgage loans, particularly in the case of consumer loans that are unsecured or secured by rapidly depreciating 
assets such as automobiles.  In such cases, any repossessed collateral for a defaulted consumer loan may not provide an 
adequate source of repayment of the outstanding loan balance as a result of the greater likelihood of damage, loss or 
depreciation.  The Company attempts to mitigate these risks by adhering to its underwriting policies in evaluating the credit-
worthiness of the borrower.

Commercial Business Lending:  The Company originates commercial business loans which are generally secured by business 
equipment, accounts receivable, inventory or other property.  The Company also generally obtains personal guarantees from the 
business owners based on a review of personal financial statements.  Commercial business lending generally involves risks that 
are different from those associated with residential and commercial real estate lending.  Real estate lending is generally 
considered to be collateral based lending with loan amounts based on predetermined loan to collateral values, and liquidation of 
the underlying real estate collateral is viewed as the primary source of repayment in the event of borrower default.  Although 
commercial business loans are often collateralized by equipment, inventory, accounts receivable or other business assets, the 
liquidation of collateral in the event of a borrower default is often an insufficient source of repayment, because accounts 
receivable may be uncollectible and inventories and equipment may be obsolete or of limited use.  Accordingly, the repayment 
of a commercial business loan depends primarily on the credit-worthiness of the borrower (and any guarantors), while the 
liquidation of collateral is a secondary and potentially insufficient source of repayment.  The Company attempts to mitigate 
these risks by adhering to its underwriting policies in evaluating the management of the business and the credit-worthiness of 
the borrowers and the guarantors.

92

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements_________________________________________________________________

Timberland Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary
September 30, 2018 and 2017

Allowance for Loan Losses

The following table sets forth information for the year ended September 30, 2018 regarding activity in the allowance for loan 
losses by portfolio segment (dollars in thousands):

Beginning
Allowance

Provision for
(Recapture of)
Loan Losses

Charge-
offs

Recoveries

Ending
Allowance

Mortgage loans:

  One- to four-family
  Multi-family
  Commercial
  Construction – custom and owner/builder
  Construction – speculative one- to four-family
  Construction – commercial
  Construction – multi-family
  Construction – land development
  Land

Consumer loans:

  Home equity and second mortgage
  Other

Commercial business loans
   Total

$

$

1,082
447
4,184
699
128
303
173
—
918

983
121
515
9,553

$

$

$

4
(14)
92
(28)
37
260
(38)
49
(71)

(334)
1
42
— $

— $
—
(28)
—
—
—
—
—
(22)

—
(6)
—
(56) $

— $
—
—
—
13
—
—
—
19

—
1
—
33

$

1,086
433
4,248
671
178
563
135
49
844

649
117
557
9,530

The following table sets forth information for the year ended September 30, 2017 regarding activity in the allowance for loan 
losses by portfolio segment (dollars in thousands):

Beginning
Allowance

Provision for
(Recapture of)
Loan Losses

Charge-
offs

Recoveries

Ending
Allowance

Mortgage loans:

  One- to four-family
  Multi-family
  Commercial
  Construction – custom and owner/builder
  Construction – speculative one- to four-family
  Construction – commercial
  Construction – multi-family
  Land

Consumer loans:

  Home equity and second mortgage
  Other

Commercial business loans
   Total

$

$

1,239
473
4,384
619
130
268
316
820

939
156
482
9,826

$

$

(178) $
(26)
(1,248)
80
(8)
35
(143)
189

44
(28)
33
(1,250) $

— $
—
(13)
—
—
—
—
(110)

—
(10)
—
(133) $

21
—
1,061
—
6
—
—
19

—
3
—
1,110

$

$

1,082
447
4,184
699
128
303
173
918

983
121
515
9,553

93

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements_________________________________________________________________

Timberland Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary
September 30, 2018 and 2017

The following table sets forth information for the year ended September 30, 2016 regarding activity in the allowance for loan 
losses by portfolio segment (dollars in thousands):

Beginning
Allowance

Provision for
(Recapture of)
Loan Losses

Charge-
offs

Recoveries

Ending
Allowance

Mortgage loans:

  One- to four-family
  Multi-family
  Commercial
  Construction – custom and owner/builder
  Construction – speculative one- to four-family
  Construction – commercial
  Construction – multi-family
  Land

Consumer loans:

  Home equity and second mortgage
  Other

Commercial business loans
   Total

$

$

1,480
392
4,065
451
123
426
283
1,021

1,073
187
423
9,924

$

$

(225) $
81
528
168
5
(158)
(148)
(164)

(116)
(25)
54
— $

(72) $
—
(209)
—
—
—
—
(61)

(18)
(8)
—
(368) $

56
—
—
—
2
—
181
24

—
2
5
270

$

$

1,239
473
4,384
619
130
268
316
820

939
156
482
9,826

The following table presents information on loans evaluated individually and collectively for impairment in the allowance for loan 
losses by portfolio segment at September 30, 2018 (dollars in thousands):

Allowance for Loan Losses

Recorded Investment in Loans

Individually
Evaluated 
for
Impairment

Collectively
Evaluated 
for
Impairment

Individually
Evaluated 
for
Impairment

Collectively
Evaluated 
for
Impairment

Total

Total

Mortgage loans:

One- to four-family
Multi-family
Commercial
Construction – custom and owner/ 

$

builder

Construction – speculative one- to 

four-family

Construction – commercial
Construction – multi-family
Construction – land development
Land

Consumer loans:

Home equity and second mortgage
Other

Commercial business loans
     Total

$

— $
—
—

$

1,086
433
4,248

$

1,086
433
4,248

$

1,054
—
2,446

114,887
61,928
342,667

$115,941
61,928
345,113

—

—
—
—
—
34

—
—
63
97

671

178
563
135
49
810

671

178
563
135
49
844

—

—
—
—
—
243

67,024

67,024

7,107
23,440
5,983
1,567
25,303

7,107
23,440
5,983
1,567
25,546

649
117
494
9,433

649
117
557
9,530

$

$

359
—
170
4,272

$

36,982
3,515
42,883
733,286

37,341
3,515
43,053
$737,558

$

94

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements_________________________________________________________________

Timberland Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary
September 30, 2018 and 2017

The following table presents information on loans evaluated individually and collectively for impairment in the allowance for loan 
losses by portfolio segment at September 30, 2017 (dollars in thousands):

Allowance for Loan Losses

Recorded Investment in Loans

Individually
Evaluated 
for
Impairment

Collectively
Evaluated 
for
Impairment

Individually
Evaluated 
for
Impairment

Collectively
Evaluated 
for
Impairment

Total

Total

Mortgage loans:

One- to four-family
Multi-family
Commercial
Construction – custom and owner/ 

builder

Construction – speculative one- to 

four-family

Construction – commercial
Construction – multi-family
Land

Consumer loans:

Home equity and second mortgage
Other

Commercial business loans
     Total

$

$

— $
—
26

$

1,082
447
4,158

$

1,082
447
4,184

$

1,443
—
3,873

116,704
58,607
325,054

$118,147
58,607
328,927

—

—
—
—
125

325
—
—
476

699

128
303
173
793

699

128
303
173
918

658
121
515
9,077

983
121
515
9,553

$

$

$

—

63,538

63,538

—
—
—
1,119

557
—
—
6,992

4,639
11,016
6,912
22,791

4,639
11,016
6,912
23,910

37,863
3,823
44,444
695,391

38,420
3,823
44,444
$702,383

$

The following table presents an analysis of loans by aging category and portfolio segment at September 30, 2018 (dollars in 
thousands):

30-59
Days
Past Due

60-89
Days
Past Due

Non-
Accrual(1)

Past Due
90 Days
or More
and Still
Accruing

Total

Past Due Current

Total
Loans

Mortgage loans:

One- to four-family
Multi-family

Commercial
Construction – custom and owner/ 

builder

Construction – speculative one- to 

four-family

Construction – commercial
Construction – multi-family
Construction – land development
Land

$

$

557
—

574

—

—
—
—
—
40

Consumer loans:

Home equity and second mortgage
Other

Commercial business loans
   Total

42
10
—
1,223

$

$

— $
—

—

—

—
—
—
—
—

—
16
—
16

545
—

—

—

—
—
—
—
243

$

— $
—

1,102
—

$ 114,839
61,928

$ 115,941
61,928

—

—

—
—
—
—
—

574

344,539

345,113

—

67,024

67,024

—
—
—
—
283

7,107
23,440
5,983
1,567
25,263

7,107
23,440
5,983
1,567
25,546

359
—
170
1,317

$

$

—
—
—
— $

401
26
170
2,556

36,940
3,489
42,883
$ 735,002

37,341
3,515
43,053
$ 737,558

__________________
(1) 

Includes non-accrual loans past due 90 days or more and other loans classified as non-accrual.

95

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements_________________________________________________________________

Timberland Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary
September 30, 2018 and 2017

The following table presents an analysis of loans by aging category and portfolio segment at September 30, 2017 (dollars in 
thousands):

30-59
Days
Past Due

60-89
Days
Past Due

Non-
Accrual(1)

Past Due
90 Days
or More
and Still
Accruing

Total

Past Due Current

Total
Loans

$

193
—
—

— $
—
107

$

— $
—
—

1,067
—
320

$ 117,080
58,607
328,607

$ 118,147
58,607
328,927

Mortgage loans:

One- to four-family
Multi-family
Commercial
Construction – custom and owner/ 

$

builder

Construction – speculative one- to 

four-family

Construction – commercial
Construction – multi-family

Land

Consumer loans:

Home equity and second mortgage

Other

Commercial business loans

   Total

$

874
—
213

—

—
—
—

566

258

—
—
1,911

$

$

—

—
—
—

—

56

36
110
395

$

—

—
—
—

—

—

—
—
107

—

—
—
—

—

—

—
—
— $

—

—
—
—

566

63,538

63,538

4,639
11,016
6,912

23,344

4,639
11,016
6,912

23,910

314

36
110
2,413

38,106

38,420

3,787
44,334
$ 699,970

3,823
44,444
$ 702,383

___________________
(1)  

Includes non-accrual loans past due 90 days or more and other loans classified as non-accrual.

Credit Quality Indicators

The Company uses credit risk grades which reflect the Company’s assessment of a loan’s risk or loss potential.  The Company 
categorizes loans into risk grade categories based on relevant information about the ability of borrowers to service their debt 
such as: current financial information, historical payment experience, credit documentation, public information and current 
economic trends, among other factors such as the estimated fair value of the collateral.  The Company uses the following 
definitions for credit risk ratings as part of the on-going monitoring of the credit quality of its loan portfolio:

Pass:  Pass loans are defined as those loans that meet acceptable quality underwriting standards.

Watch:  Watch loans are defined as those loans that still exhibit acceptable quality but have some concerns that justify greater 
attention.  If these concerns are not corrected, a potential for further adverse categorization exists.  These concerns could relate 
to a specific condition peculiar to the borrower, its industry segment or the general economic environment.

Special Mention: Special mention loans are defined as those loans deemed by management to have some potential weaknesses 
that deserve management’s close attention.  If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in the deterioration of the 
payment prospects of the loan.  

Substandard:  Substandard loans are defined as those loans that are inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying 
capacity of the obligor, or of the collateral pledged.  Loans classified as substandard have a well-defined weakness or 
weaknesses that jeopardize the repayment of the debt.  If the weakness or weaknesses are not corrected, there is the distinct 
possibility that some loss will be sustained.

Loss:  Loans in this classification are considered uncollectible and of such little value that continuance as an asset is not 
warranted.  This classification does not mean that the loan has absolutely no recovery or salvage value, but rather it is not 
practical or desirable to defer writing off this loan even though partial recovery may be realized in the future.  At September 30, 
2018 and 2017, there were no loans classified as loss.

96

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements_________________________________________________________________

Timberland Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary
September 30, 2018 and 2017

The following table presents an analysis of loans by credit quality indicator and portfolio segment at September 30, 2018 
(dollars in thousands): 

Pass

Watch

Loan Grades
Special
Mention

Substandard

Total

Mortgage loans:

One- to four-family
Multi-family
Commercial
Construction – custom and owner / builder
Construction – speculative one- to four-family
Construction – commercial
Construction – multi-family
Construction – land development
Land

Consumer loans:

Home equity and second mortgage
Other

Commercial business loans
        Total

$

$

113,148
61,928
334,908
66,720
7,107
23,440
5,983
1,567
22,810

36,697
3,480
42,812
720,600

$

$

$

882
—
8,375
304
—
—
—
—
988

82
—
22
10,653

$

581
—
988
—
—
—
—
—
1,505

—
—
49
3,123

$

$

1,330
—
842
—
—
—
—
—
243

562
35
170
3,182

$

$

115,941
61,928
345,113
67,024
7,107
23,440
5,983
1,567
25,546

37,341
3,515
43,053
737,558

The following table presents an analysis of loans by credit quality indicator and portfolio segment at September 30, 2017 
(dollars in thousands):

Mortgage loans:

One- to four-family
Multi-family
Commercial
Construction – custom and owner / builder
Construction – speculative one- to four-family
Construction – commercial
Construction – multi-family
Land

Consumer loans:

Home equity and second mortgage
Other

Commercial business loans
        Total

Pass

Watch

Loan Grades
Special
Mention

Substandard

Total

$

$

115,481
56,857
318,717
63,210
4,639
11,016
6,912
20,528

37,828
3,787
43,416
682,391

$

$

422
—
6,059
328
—
—
—
1,022

152
—
973
8,956

$

$

644
1,750
3,540
—
—
—
—
1,794

—
—
55
7,783

$

$

1,600
—
611
—
—
—
—
566

440
36
—
3,253

$

$

118,147
58,607
328,927
63,538
4,639
11,016
6,912
23,910

38,420
3,823
44,444
702,383

97

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
98

99

100

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements_________________________________________________________________

Timberland Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary
September 30, 2018 and 2017

The Company had $3,278,000 in TDRs included in impaired loans at September 30, 2018 and had no commitments to lend 
additional funds on these loans.  The Company had $3,595,000 in TDRs included in impaired loans at September 30, 2017 and 
had no commitments to lend additional funds on these loans.  The allowance for loan losses allocated to TDRs at September 30, 
2018 and 2017 was $97,000 and $10,000, respectively.

The following tables set forth information with respect to the Company’s TDRs by interest accrual status as of September 30, 
2018 and 2017 (dollars in thousands):

Mortgage loans:

One- to four-family
Commercial
Land

Commercial business loans
        Total

Mortgage loans:

One- to four-family
Commercial
Land
        Total

2018
Non-
Accrual

Total

Accruing

$

$

$

$

509
2,446
—
—
2,955

Accruing

569
2,219
554
3,342

$

$

$

$

— $
—
153
170
323

$

509
2,446
153
170
3,278

2017
Non-
Accrual

Total

— $
—
253
253

$

569
2,219
807
3,595

There were three new TDRs for the year ended September 30, 2018. There were no new TDRs during the years ended September 
30, 2017 and 2016.  The following table sets forth information with respect to the Company's TDRs, by portfolio segment, during 
the year ended September 30, 2018 (dollars in thousands):

2018
Land loans (1)
Commercial business loans (2)

Total

Pre-
Modification
Outstanding
Recorded
Investment

Post- 
Modification
Outstanding
Recorded
Investment

End of
Period
Balance

Number of
Contracts

1 $
2
3 $

244
183
427

$

$

155
183
338

$

$

153
170
323

(1) Modification was a result of a reduction in principal balance.
(2) Modifications were a result of reduction in monthly payment amounts.

There were no TDRs for which there was a payment default within the first 12 months of modification during the years ended 
September 30, 2018, 2017 or 2016.

101

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements_________________________________________________________________

Timberland Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary
September 30, 2018 and 2017

Note 5 - Premises and Equipment

Premises and equipment consisted of the following at September 30, 2018 and 2017 (dollars in thousands):

Land
Buildings and improvements
Furniture and equipment
Property held for future expansion
Construction and purchases in progress

Less accumulated depreciation

Premises and equipment, net

2018
4,400
20,636
8,026
129
566
33,757
14,804
18,953

$

$

$

$

2017
4,402
20,167
7,935
129
149
32,782
14,364
18,418

The Company leases certain premises under operating lease agreements.  Certain leases contain renewal options from five to 
ten years and escalation clauses.  Total rental expense was $206,000, $275,000 and $287,000 for the years ended September 30, 
2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively, which is included in premises and equipment expense in the accompanying consolidated 
statements of income.

Minimum net rental commitments under non-cancellable leases having an original or remaining term of more than one year for 
fiscal years ending subsequent to September 30, 2018 are as follows (dollars in thousands):

2019
2020
2021

Total minimum payments required

Note 6 – OREO and Other Repossessed Assets

$

$

201
165
124
490

The following table presents the activity related to OREO and other repossessed assets for the years ended September 30, 2018 
and 2017 (dollars in thousands):

Balance, beginning of year
Additions to OREO and other repossessed assets
Writedowns
Sales of OREO and other repossessed assets

Balance, end of year

2018

2017

Amount
3,301
324
(248)
(1,464)
1,913

$

$

Number
16
2
—
(6)
12

$

$

Amount
4,117
751
(42)
(1,525)
3,301

Number
23
4
—
(11)
16

At September 30, 2018, OREO and other repossessed assets consisted of 12 OREO properties in Washington, with balances 
ranging from $13,000 to $874,000.  At September 30, 2017, OREO and other repossessed assets consisted of 15 OREO 
properties and one other repossessed asset in Washington, with balances ranging from $13,000 to $948,000.  The Company 
recorded net gains on sales of OREO and other repossessed assets of $229,000, $54,000, and $47,000 for the years ended 
September 30, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Gains and losses on sales of OREO and other repossessed assets are recorded 
in the OREO and other repossessed assets, net category in non-interest expense in the accompanying consolidated statements of 
income.

At September 30, 2018, there were no foreclosed residential real estate properties held in OREO as a result of obtaining 
physical possession and there were no one- to four-family properties in the process of foreclosure.  At September 30, 2017, the 
recorded amount of foreclosed residential real estate properties held in OREO as a result of obtaining physical possession was 
$875,000 and the amount of one- to four-family properties in the process of foreclosure totaled $100,000.

102

 
 
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements_________________________________________________________________

Timberland Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary
September 30, 2018 and 2017

Note 7 - MSRs

The Company services loans for Freddie Mac and for secondary market purchasers of the guaranteed portion of SBA loans; 
such loans are not included in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.  The principal amount of loans serviced for 
Freddie Mac at September 30, 2018, 2017 and 2016 was $370,928,000, $358,173,000 and $340,308,000, respectively.  The 
guaranteed principal amount of SBA loans serviced for others at September 30, 2018, 2017 and 2016 was $754,000, $697,000 
and $319,000, respectively. 

The following is an analysis of the changes in MSRs for the years ended September 30, 2018, 2017 and 2016 (dollars in 
thousands):

Balance, beginning of year
Additions
Amortization

Balance, end of year

2018
1,825
694
(491)
2,028

$

$

2017
1,573
739
(487)
1,825

$

$

2016
1,478
650
(555)
1,573

$

$

At September 30, 2018, 2017 and 2016, the estimated fair value of MSRs totaled $4,171,000, $3,556,000 and $2,865,000, 
respectively. The Freddie Mac MSRs' fair values at September 30, 2018, 2017 and 2016 were estimated using discounted cash 
flow analyses with average discount rates of 8.99%, 9.52% and 9.52%, respectively, and average prepayment speed factors of 
132, 159 and 209, respectively. At September 30, 2018, 2017 and 2016, the SBA MSRs were insignificant. At September 30, 
2018, 2017 and 2016, there were no valuation allowances on MSRs.

Note 8 - Deposits

Deposits consisted of the following at September 30, 2018 and 2017 (dollars in thousands):

Non-interest-bearing demand
NOW checking
Savings
Money market
Certificates of deposit

Total

2018
233,258
225,290
151,404
137,746
141,808
889,506

$

$

$

$

2017
205,952
220,315
140,987
131,002
139,642
837,898

Individual certificates of deposit in amounts of $250,000 or greater totaled $18,164,000 and $15,601,000 at September 30, 2018 
and 2017, respectively. The Company had brokered deposits totaling $17,202,000 and $15,642,000 at September 30, 2018 and 
2017, respectively.

Scheduled maturities of certificates of deposit for future years ending September 30 are as follows (dollars in thousands):

2019
2020
2021
2022
2023

Total

$

$

76,157
32,004
14,412
11,991
7,244
141,808

103

 
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements_________________________________________________________________

Timberland Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary
September 30, 2018 and 2017

Interest expense on deposits by account type was as follows for the years ended September 30, 2018, 2017 and 2016 (dollars in 
thousands):

NOW checking
Savings
Money market
Certificates of deposit

Total

2018
451
85
722
1,520
2,778

$

$

2017
460
78
434
1,246
2,218

$

$

2016
456
64
327
1,194
2,041

$

$

Note 9 – FHLB Borrowings and Other Borrowings

The Bank has long- and short-term borrowing lines with the FHLB with total credit on the lines equal to 45% of the Bank’s 
total assets, limited by available collateral.  The Bank had no FHLB borrowings outstanding at September 30, 2018 and 
2017.  During the year ended September 30, 2017, the Company incurred a $282,000 prepayment penalty on two $15,000,000 
FHLB borrowings that were repaid before their scheduled maturity dates. Under the Advances, Pledge and Security Agreement 
entered into with the FHLB ("FHLB Borrowing Agreement"), virtually all of the Bank’s assets, not otherwise encumbered, are 
pledged as collateral for borrowings. 

The Bank also has a letter of credit ("LOC") with the FHLB for the purpose of collateralizing Washington State public deposits.  
The LOC amount reduces the Bank's available borrowings under the FHLB Borrowing Agreement.  The LOC had a limit of 
$23,000,000 as of September 30, 2018, all of which was available to draw upon.

The Bank also maintains a short-term borrowing line with the FRB with total credit based on eligible collateral.  At 
September 30, 2018 the Bank had a borrowing capacity on this line of $76,703,000.  The Bank had no outstanding borrowings 
on this line at September 30, 2018 and 2017.  

The Bank has a short-term $10,000,000 overnight borrowing line with Pacific Coast Bankers' Bank. The borrowing line may be 
reduced or withdrawn at any time.  The Bank had no outstanding borrowings on this line at September 30, 2018 and 2017.

Note 10 - Other Liabilities and Accrued Expenses

Other liabilities and accrued expenses were comprised of the following at September 30, 2018 and 2017 (dollars in thousands):

Accrued deferred compensation, profit sharing plans and bonuses payable
Accrued interest payable on deposits
Accounts payable and accrued expenses - other

Total other liabilities and accrued expenses

2018
1,235
225
2,667
4,127

$

$

2017
1,134
161
1,831
3,126

$

$

Note 11 - Income Taxes

On December 22, 2017, the federal government enacted the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the "Tax Act").  The Tax Act significantly 
revised the future ongoing federal corporate income tax by, among other things, decreasing the federal corporate income tax 
rate to 21.0% from 35.0% effective January 1, 2018.  As the Company has a September 30 fiscal year-end, the lower corporate 
income tax rate was phased in, resulting in a blended federal income tax rate of approximately 24.5% for the Company's fiscal 
year ended September 30, 2018, and 21.0% for subsequent fiscal years.  In addition, the reduction of the corporate federal 
income tax rate required the Company to revalue its deferred tax assets and liabilities based on the lower federal income tax rate 
of 21.0%.

104

 
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements_________________________________________________________________

Timberland Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary
September 30, 2018 and 2017

As a result of the Tax Act, during the quarter ended December 31, 2017, the Company recorded a one-time income tax expense 
of $548,000 in conjunction with remeasuring its net deferred tax assets.  The impact of using the 24.5% blended federal income 
tax rate for the year ended September 30, 2018 versus a 35.0% rate reduced the provision for income taxes by approximately 
$2.21 million, which was partially offset by the $548,000 one-time net deferred tax asset remeasurement. 

The components of the provision for income taxes for the years ended September 30, 2018, 2017 and 2016 were as follows 
(dollars in thousands):

Current:
     Federal
     State
Deferred
Provision for income taxes

2018

2017

2016

$

$

4,900
4
797
5,701

$

$

6,656
35
385
7,076

$

$

4,618
—
283
4,901

At September 30, 2018 the Company had income taxes payable of $151,000, which is included in other liabilities in the 
accompanying 2018 consolidated balance sheet. At September 30, 2017 the Company had income taxes receivable of $559,000, 
which is included in other assets in the accompanying 2017 consolidated balance sheet.

The components of the Company’s deferred tax assets and liabilities at September 30, 2018 and 2017 were as follows (dollars 
in thousands):

Deferred Tax Assets

Allowance for loan losses
Allowance for OREO losses
Unearned ESOP shares
Core deposit intangible
OTTI credit impairment on investment securities
Accrued interest on loans
Net unrealized losses on investment securities
Deferred compensation and bonuses
Reserve for loan commitments
Other
Total deferred tax assets

Deferred Tax Liabilities

Goodwill
MSRs
Depreciation
Loan fees/costs
FHLB stock dividends
Prepaid expenses
Other
Total deferred tax liabilities

Net deferred tax assets

105

$

2018

2017

$

2,021
311
32
31
104
10
42
56
43
29
2,679

1,107
426
283
121
82
74
2
2,095

3,380
443
148
103
173
29
66
94
75
39
4,550

1,714
639
480
—
137
140
35
3,145

$

584

$

1,405

 
 
 
 
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements_________________________________________________________________

Timberland Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary
September 30, 2018 and 2017

The provision for income taxes for the years ended September 30, 2018, 2017 and 2016 differs from that computed at the 
federal statutory corporate tax rate as follows (dollars in thousands):

Expected federal income tax provision at statutory rate
Net impact of the Tax Act
BOLI income
Dividends on ESOP
Stock options tax effect
Other, net
Provision for income taxes

2018
5,500
548
(134)
(71)
(157)
15
5,701

$

$

2017
7,435
—
(191)
(102)
(188)
122
7,076

$

$

2016
5,160
—
(189)
(83)
—
13
4,901

$

$

No valuation allowance for net deferred tax assets was recorded as of September 30, 2018 and 2017, as management believes 
that it is more likely than not that all of the net deferred tax assets will be realized based on management's expectations of 
future taxable income and/or because they were supported by recoverable taxes paid in prior years.

Note 12 – Employee Stock Ownership and 401(k) Plan 

The Timberland Bank Employee Stock Ownership and 401(k) Plan (“KSOP”) is comprised of two components, the ESOP and 
the 401(k) Plan.  The KSOP benefits employees with at least one year of service who are 21 years of age or older.  The Bank 
may fund the ESOP with contributions of cash or stock, and may fund the 401(k) Plan with contributions of cash.  Employee 
vesting occurs over six years.

ESOP

In January 1998, the ESOP borrowed $7,930,000 from the Company to purchase 1,058,000 shares of common stock of the 
Company.  The loan is being repaid primarily from the Bank’s contributions to the ESOP and is scheduled to be fully repaid by 
March 31, 2019. The interest rate on the loan is 8.5%. Interest expense on the ESOP debt was $53,000, $96,000 and 
$136,000 for the years ended September 30, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The balance of the loan at September 30, 2018 
was $285,000.

The amount of the Bank's annual contribution is discretionary, except that it must be sufficient to enable the ESOP to service its 
debt.  All dividends received by the ESOP are used to pay debt service. Dividends of $291,000, $293,000 and $243,000 were 
used to service the debt during the years ended September 30, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively.  As the Plan makes each 
payment of principal and interest, an appropriate percentage of stock is released and allocated annually to eligible employee 
accounts, in accordance with applicable regulations. As of September 30, 2018, an aggregate of 588,717 ESOP shares, which 
were previously released for allocation to participants, had been distributed to participants.

Shares held by the ESOP as of September 30, 2018, 2017 and 2016 were classified as follows:

Unallocated shares
Shares released for allocation
Total ESOP shares

2018
17,639
451,644
469,283

2017
52,905
489,665
542,570

2016
88,171
535,927
624,098

The approximate fair market value of the ESOP’s unallocated shares at September 30, 2018, 2017 and 2016 was $551,000, 
$1,658,000 and $1,389,000, respectively.  Compensation expense recognized under the ESOP for the years ended 
September 30, 2018, 2017 and 2016 was $823,000, $495,000, and $233,000, respectively.

401(k) Plan

Eligible employees may contribute a portion of their wages to the 401(k) Plan up to the maximum established under the Internal 
Revenue Code.  Contributions by the Bank are at the discretion of the Board except for a safe harbor contribution of 3% of 

106

 
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements_________________________________________________________________

Timberland Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary
September 30, 2018 and 2017

eligible employees' wages, which is mandatory according to the plan document.  Bank contributions totaled $379,000, 
$358,000 and $333,000 for the years ended September 30, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

Note 13 - Stock Compensation Plans

Under the Company’s 2003 Stock Option Plan, the Company was able to grant options for up to 300,000 shares of common 
stock to employees, officers, directors and directors emeriti.  Under the Company's 2014 Equity Incentive Plan, the Company is 
able to grant options and awards of restricted stock (with or without performance measures) for up to 352,366 shares of 
common stock to employees, officers, directors and directors emeriti.  Shares issued may be purchased in the open market or 
may be issued from authorized and unissued shares.  The exercise price of each option equals the fair market value of the 
Company’s common stock on the date of grant.  Generally, options and restricted stock vest in 20% annual installments on each 
of the five anniversaries from the date of the grant, and options generally have a maximum contractual term of ten years from 
the date of the grant.  At September 30, 2018, there were 71,416 shares of common stock available which may be awarded as 
options or restricted stock pursuant to future grants under the 2014 Equity Incentive Plan.

At both September 30, 2018 and 2017 there were no unvested restricted stock awards.  There were no restricted stock grants 
awarded during the years ended September 30, 2018, 2017 and 2016.

Stock option activity for the years ended September 30, 2018, 2017 and 2016 is summarized as follows:

Outstanding September 30, 2015
Options granted
Options exercised
Options forfeited
Outstanding September 30, 2016

Options granted
Options exercised
Options forfeited
Outstanding September 30, 2017

Options granted
Options exercised
Options forfeited
Outstanding September 30, 2018

$

Weighted 
Average
Exercise 
Price
8.73
15.67
7.56
9.96
9.82

Number of
Shares
341,300
55,750
(21,020)
(2,900)
373,130

58,250
(46,310)
(4,950)
380,120

45,950
(40,100)
(5,150)
380,820

$

29.69
7.17
6.28
13.23

31.80
7.92
13.39
16.03

The aggregate intrinsic value of options exercised during the years ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 was $894,000 and 
$659,000, respectively.

The Company uses the Black-Scholes option pricing model to estimate the fair value of stock-based awards with the weighted 
average assumptions noted in the following table.  The risk-free interest rate is based on the rate of a U.S. Treasury security 
with a similar term as the expected life of the stock option at the particular grant date.  The expected life is based on historical 
data, vesting terms and estimated exercise dates.  The expected dividend yield is based on the most recent quarterly dividend on 
an annualized basis in effect at the time the options were granted, adjusted, if appropriate, for management's expectations 
regarding future dividends.  The expected volatility is based on historical volatility of the Company’s stock price.  There were 
55,750 options granted during the year ended September 30, 2016 with an aggregate grant date fair value of $81,000. There 
were 58,250 options granted during the year ended September 30, 2017 with an aggregate grant date fair value of $224,000.  
There were 45,950 options granted during the year ended September 30, 2018 with an aggregate grant date fair value of 
$206,000. 

107

 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements_________________________________________________________________

Timberland Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary
September 30, 2018 and 2017

The weighted average assumptions for options granted during the years ended September 30, 2018, 2017 and 2016 were as 
follows:

Expected volatility
Expected life (in years)
Expected dividend yield
Risk free interest rate
Grant date fair value per share

2018
17%
5
2.61%
2.97%
4.48

$

2017
16%
5
1.85%
1.89%
3.84

$

2016
16%
5
3.00%
1.12%
1.46

$

There were 76,450 options that vested during the year ended September 30, 2018 with a total fair value of $181,000.  There 
were 69,800 options that vested during the year ended September 30, 2017 with a total fair value of $145,000. There were 
65,100 options that vested during the year ended September 30, 2016 with a total fair value of $144,000. 

At September 30, 2018 there were 196,750 unvested options with an aggregate grant date fair value of $582,000, all of which 
the Company assumes will vest.  The unvested options had an aggregate intrinsic value of $2,098,000 at September 30, 
2018.  At September 30, 2017 there were 231,850 unvested options with an aggregate grant date fair value of $569,000.
Additional information regarding options outstanding at September 30, 2018 is as follows:

Range of
Exercise
Prices ($)
$ 4.01 - 4.55
   5.86 - 6.00
   9.00
 10.26 - 10.71
 15.67
 29.69
 31.80

Options Outstanding

Options Exercisable

Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price 
4.23
5.96
9.00
10.58
15.67
29.69
31.80
16.03

Weighted
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Life (Years)
2.3
4.1
5.1
6.5
8.0
9.0
10.0
7.0

Number
2,500
28,550
72,800
121,320
52,200
57,500
45,950
380,820

$

$

Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price
4.23
5.96
9.00
10.56
15.67
29.69
N/A
11.04

Weighted
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Life (Years)
2.3
4.1
5.1
6.5
8.0
9.0
N/A
5.9

Number
2,500
28,550
54,600
67,420
19,500
11,500
—
184,070

$

$

$

The aggregate intrinsic value of options outstanding at September 30, 2018, 2017 and 2016 was $5,813,000, $6,882,000, and 
$2,212,000, respectively.

As of September 30, 2018, unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested stock options was $521,000, which is 
expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 2.46 years.

Note 14 - Commitments and Contingencies

In the normal course of business the Company is party to financial instruments with off-balance-sheet risk to meet the financing 
needs of its customers.  These financial instruments include commitments to extend credit.  These instruments involve, to 
varying degrees, elements of credit risk not recognized in the consolidated balance sheets.  The Company’s exposure to credit 
loss in the event of nonperformance by the other party to the financial instrument for commitments to extend credit is 
represented by the contractual amount of those instruments.  The Bank uses the same credit policies in making commitments as 
it does for on-balance-sheet instruments.

Commitments to extend credit are agreements to lend to a customer as long as there is no violation of any condition established 
in the contract.  Since commitments may expire without being drawn upon, the total commitment amounts do not necessarily 
represent future cash requirements.  The Company evaluates each customer’s credit-worthiness on a case-by-case basis.  The 
amount of collateral obtained, if deemed necessary by the Company upon extension of credit, is based on management’s credit 

108

 
 
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements_________________________________________________________________

Timberland Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary
September 30, 2018 and 2017

evaluation of the party.  However, such loan to value ratios will subsequently change, based on increases and decreases in the 
supporting collateral values.  Collateral held varies, but may include accounts receivable, inventory, property and equipment, 
residential real estate, land and income-producing commercial properties.

A summary of the Company’s commitments at September 30, 2018 and 2017 is as follows (dollars in thousands):

Undisbursed portion of construction loans in process (see Note 4)
Undisbursed lines of credit
Commitments to extend credit

$

$

2018
83,237
49,525
17,665

2017
82,411
51,420
19,673

The Company maintains a separate reserve for losses related to unfunded loan commitments.  Management estimates the 
amount of probable losses related to unfunded loan commitments by applying the loss factors used in the allowance for loan 
loss methodology to an estimate of the expected amount of funding and applies this adjusted factor to the unused portion of 
unfunded loan commitments.  The reserve for unfunded loan commitments totaled $207,000 and $214,000 at September 30, 
2018 and 2017, respectively.  These amounts are included in other liabilities and accrued expenses in the accompanying 
consolidated balance sheets.  Increases (decreases) in the reserve for unfunded loan commitments are recorded in non-interest 
expense in the accompanying consolidated statements of income.

The Bank has an employee severance compensation plan which expires in 2027 and which provides severance pay benefits to 
eligible employees in the event of a change in control of Timberland Bancorp or the Bank (as defined in the plan).  In general, 
all employees with two or more years of service will be eligible to participate in the plan.  Under the plan, in the event of a 
change in control of Timberland Bancorp or the Bank, eligible employees who are terminated or who terminate employment 
(but only upon the occurrence of events specified in the plan) within 12 months of the effective date of a change in control 
would be entitled to a payment based on years of service or officer rank with the Bank.  The maximum payment for any eligible 
employee would be equal to 18 months of the employee’s current compensation.

The Company has employment agreements with the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer which provide for 
a severance payment and other benefits if the officers are involuntarily terminated following a change in control of the 
Company or the Bank.  The maximum value of the severance benefits under the employment agreements is 2.99 times the 
officer's average annual compensation during the five-year period prior to the effective date of the change in control.

Because of the nature of its activities, the Company is subject to various pending and threatened legal actions which arise in the 
ordinary course of business.  In the opinion of management, liabilities arising from these claims, if any, will not have a material 
effect on the consolidated financial position of the Company.

Note 15 - Regulatory Matters

The Bank, as a state-chartered, federally insured savings bank, is subject to the capital requirements established by the FDIC. 
Under the FDIC's capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, the Bank must meet 
specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of the Bank's assets, liabilities and certain off-balance-sheet items 
as calculated under regulatory accounting practices.  The Bank's capital amounts and classification are also subject to 
qualitative judgments by the regulators about components, risk weighting and other factors.  Failure to meet minimum capital 
requirements can initiate certain mandatory and possibly additional discretionary actions by bank regulators that, if undertaken, 
could have a direct material effect on the Company's consolidated financial statements. 

The minimum requirements are a common equity Tier 1 ("CET1") capital ratio of 4.5%, a Tier 1 capital ratio of 6.0%, a total 
capital ratio of 8.0% and a leverage ratio of 4.0%.  In addition to the minimum regulatory capital ratios, the Bank must maintain 
a capital conservation buffer consisting of additional CET1 capital above the required minimum levels in order to avoid 
limitations on paying dividends, engaging in share repurchases, and paying discretionary bonuses based on percentages of 
eligible retained income that could be utilized for such actions. This capital conservation buffer requirement was phased in 
beginning in January 2016 at 0.625% of risk-weighted assets and will increase each year to an amount equal to more than 2.5% 
of risk-weighted assets when fully implemented in January 2019. At September 30, 2018, the conservation buffer was an 
amount more than 1.875%.

109

 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements_________________________________________________________________

Timberland Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary
September 30, 2018 and 2017

At September 30, 2018 and 2017 the Bank exceeded all regulatory capital requirements.  The Bank was categorized as "well 
capitalized" at September 30, 2018 and 2017 under the regulations of the FDIC.  The following tables compare the Bank’s 
actual capital amounts at September 30, 2018 and 2017 to its minimum regulatory capital requirements and "Well Capitalized" 
regulatory capital at those dates (dollars in thousands):

September 30, 2018

Actual

Regulatory Minimum
To Be "Adequately
Capitalized"

Leverage Capital Ratio:

Amount

Ratio

Amount

Ratio

Regulatory MinimumTo
Be "Well Capitalized"
Under Prompt Corrective
Action Provisions
Ratio

Amount

Tier 1 capital

$ 117,336

11.7% $

40,024

4.0% $

50,031

5.0%

Risk-based Capital Ratios:

Common equity Tier 1 capital

Tier 1 capital

Total capital

117,336

117,336

126,109

16.7

16.7

18.0

31,539

42,052

56,070

4.5

6.0

8.0

45,557

56,070

70,087

6.5

8.0

10.0

September 30, 2017

Actual

Regulatory Minimum
To Be "Adequately
Capitalized"

Amount

Ratio

Amount

Ratio

Regulatory Minimum To
Be "Well Capitalized"
Under Prompt Corrective
Action Provisions
Ratio

Amount

Leverage Capital Ratio:
Tier 1 capital

Risk-based Capital Ratios:
Common equity Tier 1 capital

Tier 1 capital

Total capital

$ 104,102

11.2% $

37,116

4.0% $

46,395

5.0%

104,102

104,102

112,329

15.9

15.9

17.1

29,547

39,395

52,527

4.5

6.0

8.0

42,678

52,527

65,659

6.5

8.0

10.0

Timberland Bancorp is a bank holding company registered with the Federal Reserve.  Bank holding companies are subject to 
capital adequacy requirements of the Federal Reserve under the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956, as amended, and the 
regulations of the Federal Reserve.  For a bank holding company with less than $3.0 billion in assets, the capital guidelines 
apply on a bank only basis, and the Federal Reserve expects the holding company's subsidiary bank to be well capitalized under 
the prompt corrective action regulations.  If Timberland Bancorp were subject to regulatory guidelines for bank holding 
companies with $3.0 billion or more in assets at September 30, 2018, Timberland Bancorp would have exceeded all regulatory 
requirements. 

The following table presents the regulatory capital ratios for Timberland Bancorp at September 30, 2018 and 2017 (dollars in 
thousands):

Leverage Capital Ratio:
Tier 1 capital

Risk-based Capital Ratios:
Common equity Tier 1 capital

Tier 1 capital

Total capital

2018

2017

Amount

Ratio

Amount

Ratio

$ 120,175

12.0%

$ 107,145

11.5%

17.1

17.1

18.4

107,145

107,145

115,376

16.3

16.3

17.6

120,175

120,175

128,955

110

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements_________________________________________________________________

Timberland Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary
September 30, 2018 and 2017

Note 16 - Condensed Financial Information - Parent Company Only

Condensed Balance Sheets - September 30, 2018 and 2017 
(dollars in thousands)

Assets

Cash and cash equivalents:

Cash and due from financial institutions
Interest-bearing deposits in banks
      Total cash and cash equivalents

Loan receivable from ESOP
Investment in Bank
Other assets
Total assets

Liabilities and shareholders’ equity

Accrued expenses
Shareholders’ equity
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity

Condensed Statements of Income - Years Ended September 30, 2018, 2017 and 2016 
(dollars in thousands)

Operating income

Interest on deposits in banks
Interest on loan receivable from ESOP
Dividends from Bank
Total operating income

Operating expenses

Income before income taxes and equity in undistributed
    income of Bank
Benefit for income taxes

Income before undistributed income of Bank

Equity in undistributed income of Bank

Net income

$

$

$

$

$

2018

2017

$

$

$

$

$

306
2,588
2,894

285
121,818
15
125,012

355
124,657
125,012

2017

27
96
1,390
1,513

467

1,046
(385)

1,431

485
1,797
2,282

821
107,957
14
111,074

74
111,000
111,074

2016

3
136
3,039
3,178

430

2,748
(183)

2,931

$

2018

37
53
4,429
4,519

591

3,928
(198)

4,126

12,595
16,721

$

12,736
14,167

$

7,223
10,154

$

111

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements_________________________________________________________________

Timberland Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary
September 30, 2018 and 2017

Condensed Statements of Cash Flows - Years Ended September 30, 2018, 2017 and 2016 
(dollars in thousands)

Cash flows from operating activities

Net income 

  Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:

2018

2017

2016

$

16,721

$

14,167

$

10,154

     Equity in undistributed income of Bank

Earned ESOP shares
Stock option compensation expense
Other, net
Net cash provided by operating activities

Cash flows from investing activities

Investment in Bank
Principal repayments on loan receivable from ESOP
Net cash used in investing activities

Cash flows from financing activities

Proceeds from exercise of stock options
Proceeds from exercise of stock warrant
Repurchase of common stock
Payment of dividends
Net cash used in financing activities

Net increase in cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents

Beginning of period
End of period

Note 17 - Net Income Per Common Share

(12,595)
882
172
280
5,460

(1,271)
536
(735)

318
—
—
(4,431)
(4,113)

612

(12,736)
605
156
33
2,225

(930)
493
(437)

332
2,496
—
(3,641)
(813)

975

(7,223)
404
190
(65)
3,460

(616)
452
(164)

159
—
(820)
(2,578)
(3,239)

57

2,282
2,894

$

1,307
2,282

$

1,250
1,307

$

Information regarding the calculation of basic and diluted net income per common share for the years ended September 30, 2018, 
2017 and 2016 is as follows (dollars in thousands, except per share amounts):

Basic net income per common share computation

Numerator - net income to common shareholders

  Denominator - weighted average common shares outstanding

Basic net income per common share

Diluted net income per common share computation

Numerator - net income to common shareholders

  Denominator - weighted average common shares outstanding

Effect of dilutive stock options (1)
Effect of dilutive stock warrant (2)

$

$

$

2018

2017

2016

16,721

$

14,167

$

10,154

7,334,577

7,136,690

6,842,614

2.28

$

1.99

$

1.48

16,721

$

14,167

$

10,154

7,334,577
191,767
—

7,136,690
163,773
79,590

6,842,614
78,910
183,825

  Weighted average common shares outstanding-assuming dilution

7,526,344

7,380,053

7,105,349

Diluted net income per common share

$

2.22

$

1.92

$

1.43

112

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements_________________________________________________________________

Timberland Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary
September 30, 2018 and 2017

___________________
(1) For the years ended September 30, 2018, 2017 and 2016, average options to purchase 29,581, 1,117 and 42,801 shares of 
common stock, respectively, were outstanding but not included in the computation of diluted net income per common share 
because their effect would have been anti-dilutive. 

(2) Represented a warrant to purchase 370,899 shares of the Company's common stock at an exercise price of $6.73 per share 
(subject to anti-dilution adjustments) at any time through December 23, 2018 (the "Warrant").  The Warrant was granted on 
December 23, 2008 to the U.S. Treasury Department ("Treasury") as part of the Company's participation in the Treasury's 
Troubled Asset Relief Program.  On June 12, 2013, the Treasury sold the Warrant to private investors.  On January 31, 2017, the 
Warrant was exercised and 370,899 shares of the Company's common stock were issued in exchange for $2,496,000.

Note 18 - Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

The changes in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) ("AOCI") by component during the years ended September 30, 
2018, 2017 and 2016 are as follows (dollars in thousands):

Changes in fair 
value of available 
for sale securities [1]

Other-than-temporary 
impairment on held to 
maturity securities [1]

Total [1]

2018

Balance of AOCI at the beginning of period

Net change

Balance of AOCI at the end of period

2017

Balance of AOCI at the beginning of period

Net change

Balance of AOCI at the end of period

2016

Balance of AOCI at the beginning of period

Net change

Balance of AOCI at the end of period

___________________
[1] All amounts are net of income taxes.

Note 19 - Fair Value Measurements

$

$

$

$

$

$

(19) $
(39)
(58) $

$

4
(23)
(19) $

3
1
4

$

$

(105) $
34
(71) $

(179) $
74
(105) $

(316) $
137
(179) $

(124)
(5)
(129)

(175)
51
(124)

(313)
138
(175)

GAAP defines fair value and establishes a framework for measuring fair value.  Fair value is the price that would be received 
for an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date.  The 
three levels for categorizing assets and liabilities under GAAP's fair value measurement requirements are as follows:

Level 1: Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the reporting entity has the 
ability to access at the measurement date.

Level 2: Significant observable inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1, such as quoted prices for 
similar (as opposed to identical) assets or liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or 
liabilities in markets that are not active, and inputs other than quoted prices that are observable or can be corroborated 
by observable market data.

Level 3: Significant unobservable inputs that reflect a company’s own assumptions about the assumptions market 
participants would use in pricing an asset or liability based on the best information available in the circumstances.

113

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements_________________________________________________________________

Timberland Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary
September 30, 2018 and 2017

The Company's assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis consist of investment securities available for sale.  The 
estimated fair value of MBS are based upon market prices of similar securities or observable inputs (Level 2).  The estimated 
fair value of mutual funds are based upon quoted market prices (Level 1).

The Company had no liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis at September 30, 2018 and 2017.  The Company's 
assets measured at estimated fair value on a recurring basis at September 30, 2018 and 2017 are as follows (dollars in 
thousands):

September 30, 2018
Available for sale investment securities

MBS: U.S. government agencies
Mutual funds
Total

September 30, 2017
Available for sale investment securities

MBS: U.S. government agencies
Mutual funds
Total

Level 1

Estimated Fair Value
Level 3
Level 2

Total

$

$

$

$

— $
917
917

$

— $
952
952

$

237
—
237

289
—
289

$

$

$

$

— $
—
— $

237
917
1,154

— $
—
— $

289
952
1,241

There were no transfers among Level 1, Level 2 and Level 3 during the years ended September 30, 2018 and 2017.

The Company may be required, from time to time, to measure certain assets and liabilities at fair value on a non-recurring basis 
in accordance with GAAP.  These include assets that are measured at the lower of cost or market value that were recognized at 
fair value below cost at the end of the period.

The Company uses the following methods and significant assumptions to estimate fair value of such assets on a non-recurring 
basis:

Impaired Loans: The estimated fair value of impaired loans is calculated using the collateral value method or on a 
discounted cash flow basis.  The specific reserve for collateral dependent impaired loans is based on the estimated fair 
value of the collateral less estimated costs to sell, if applicable.  In some cases, adjustments are made to the appraised 
values due to various factors including age of the appraisal, age of comparables included in the appraisal and known 
changes in the market and in the collateral. Such adjustments may be significant and typically result in a Level 3 
classification of the inputs for determining fair value. Impaired loans are evaluated on a quarterly basis for additional 
impairment and adjusted accordingly.

Investment Securities Held to Maturity: The estimated fair value of investment securities held to maturity is based 
upon the assumptions market participants would use in pricing the investment security.  Such assumptions include 
quoted market prices (Level 1), market prices of similar securities or observable inputs (Level 2) and unobservable 
inputs such as dealer quotes, discounted cash flows or similar techniques (Level 3).

OREO and Other Repossessed Assets, net:  OREO and other repossessed assets are recorded at estimated fair value 
less estimated costs to sell.  Estimated fair value is generally determined by management based on a number of factors, 
including third-party appraisals of estimated fair value in an orderly sale.  Estimated costs to sell are based on standard 
market factors.  The valuation of OREO and other repossessed assets is subject to significant external and internal 
judgment (Level 3).

114

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements_________________________________________________________________

Timberland Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary
September 30, 2018 and 2017

The following table summarizes the balances of assets measured at estimated fair value on a non-recurring basis at September 
30, 2018 (dollars in thousands):

Impaired loans:

Mortgage loans:
Land

Commercial business loans
Total impaired loans

Investment securities – held to maturity:

MBS - Private label residential

OREO and other repossessed assets
Total

Level 1

Estimated Fair Value
Level 2

Level 3

$

$

— $
—
—

—
—
— $

— $
—
—

3
—
3

$

119
107
226

—
1,913
2,139

The following table presents quantitative information about Level 3 fair value measurements for financial instruments measured 
at fair value on a non-recurring basis as of September 30, 2018 (dollars in thousands):

Estimated
Fair Value

 Valuation
Technique(s)

Unobservable Input(s)

Range

Impaired loans

$

226 Market approach

OREO and other repossessed
assets

1,913 Market approach

Appraised value less selling
costs

Lower of appraised value or
listing price less selling costs

NA

NA

The following table summarizes the balances of assets measured at estimated fair value on a non-recurring basis at September 
30, 2017 (dollars in thousands):

Impaired loans:

Mortgage loans:

Commercial
Land

Consumer loans:

Home equity and second mortgage

Total impaired loans

Investment securities – held to maturity:

MBS - Private label residential

OREO and other repossessed assets
Total

Estimated Fair Value

Level 1

Level 2

Level 3

$

$

— $
—

—

—

—
—
— $

— $
—

—

—

125
—
125

$

1,880
697

109

2,686

—
3,301
5,987

The following table presents quantitative information about Level 3 fair value measurements for financial instruments measured 
at fair value on a non-recurring basis as of September 30, 2017 (dollars in thousands):

Estimated
Fair Value

 Valuation
Technique(s)

Impaired loans

$

2,686 Market approach

OREO and other repossessed
assets

3,301 Market approach

Unobservable Input(s)
Appraised value less selling
costs

Lower of appraised value or
listing price less selling costs

NA

NA

 Range

115

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements_________________________________________________________________

Timberland Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary
September 30, 2018 and 2017

GAAP requires disclosure of estimated fair values for financial instruments.  Such estimates are subjective in nature, and 
significant judgment is required regarding the risk characteristics of various financial instruments at a discrete point in 
time.  Therefore, such estimates could vary significantly if assumptions regarding uncertain factors were to change.  In addition, 
as the Company normally intends to hold the majority of its financial instruments until maturity, it does not expect to realize 
many of the estimated amounts disclosed.  The disclosures also do not include estimated fair value amounts for certain items 
which are not defined as financial instruments but which may have significant value.  The Company does not believe that it 
would be practicable to estimate a representational fair value for these types of items as of September 30, 2018 and 
2017.  Because GAAP excludes certain items from fair value disclosure requirements, any aggregation of the fair value 
amounts presented would not represent the underlying value of the Company.

The following methods and assumptions were used by the Company in estimating fair value of its other financial instruments:

Cash and Cash Equivalents and CDs Held for Investment:  The estimated fair value of financial instruments that are 
short-term or re-price frequently and that have little or no risk are considered to have an estimated fair value equal to 
the recorded value.

Investment Securities:  See descriptions above.

FHLB Stock:  No ready market exists for this stock, and it has no quoted market value.  However, redemption of this 
stock has historically been at par value.  Accordingly, par value is deemed to be a reasonable estimate of fair value.

Other Investments:  The Bank invests in the Solomon Hess SBA Loan Fund LLC.  Shares in the fund are not publicly 
traded and therefore have no readily determinable fair market value, therefore they are recorded on the balance sheet at 
cost.  An investor can have its investment in the fund redeemed for the balance of its capital account at any quarter end 
with 60 days notice to the fund.

Loans Held for Sale:  The estimated fair value is based on quoted market prices (for one- to four-family loans) and the 
guaranteed value of SBA loans (made to small businesses under SBA's 7(a) loan programs).  Quoted market prices are 
obtained from Freddie Mac and the FHLB.

Loans Receivable, Net:  The fair value of non-impaired loans is estimated by discounting the future cash flows using 
the current rates at which similar loans would be made to borrowers for the same remaining maturities.  Prepayments 
are based on the historical experience of the Bank.  Fair values for impaired loans are estimated using the methods 
described above.

Accrued Interest:  The recorded amount of accrued interest approximates the estimated fair value.

Deposits:  The estimated fair value of deposits with no stated maturity date is deemed to be the amount payable on 
demand.  The estimated fair value of fixed maturity certificates of deposit is computed by discounting future cash 
flows using the rates currently offered by the Bank for deposits of similar remaining maturities.

Off-Balance-Sheet Instruments:  Since the majority of the Company’s off-balance-sheet instruments consist of 
variable-rate commitments, the Company has determined that they do not have a distinguishable estimated fair value.

116

 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements_________________________________________________________________

Timberland Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary
September 30, 2018 and 2017

The recorded amounts and estimated fair values of financial instruments were as follows as of September 30, 2018 (dollars in 
thousands):

Financial Assets

Cash and cash equivalents
CDs held for investment
Investment securities
FHLB stock
Other investments
Loans held for sale
Loans receivable, net
Accrued interest receivable

Financial Liabilities

Deposits:

Non-interest-bearing demand
Interest-bearing

Total deposits

Accrued interest payable

 Recorded
Amount

Estimated
Fair Value

Fair Value Measurements Using:

 Level 1

Level 2

 Level 3

$

$

148,864
63,290
13,964
1,190
3,000
1,785
725,391
2,877

233,258
656,248
889,506
225

$

148,864
63,290
14,418
1,190
3,000
1,814
711,071
2,877

233,258
655,271
888,529
225

148,864
63,290
8,812
1,190
3,000
1,814
—
2,877

233,258
514,440
747,698
225

$

— $
—
5,606
—
—
—
—
—

—
—
—
—

—
—
—
—
—
—
711,071
—

—
140,831
140,831
—

The recorded amounts and estimated fair values of financial instruments were as follows as of September 30, 2017 (dollars in 
thousands):

Financial Assets

Cash and cash equivalents
CDs held for investment
Investment securities
FHLB stock
Other investments
Loans held for sale
Loans receivable, net
Accrued interest receivable

Financial Liabilities

Deposits:

Non-interest-bearing demand
Interest-bearing

Total deposits

Accrued interest payable

 Recorded
Amount

Estimated
Fair Value

Fair Value Measurements Using:

 Level 1

Level 2

 Level 3

$

$

148,188
43,034
8,380
1,107
3,000
3,599
690,364
2,520

205,952
631,946
837,898
161

$

148,188
43,034
8,985
1,107
3,000
3,619
688,332
2,520

205,952
632,629
838,581
161

148,188
43,034
3,954
1,107
3,000
3,619
—
2,520

205,952
492,305
698,257
161

$

— $
—
5,031
—
—
—
—
—

—
—
—
—

—
—
—
—
—
—
688,332
—

—
140,324
140,324
—

The Company assumes interest rate risk (the risk that general interest rate levels will change) as a result of its normal 
operations.  As a result, the estimated fair value of the Company’s financial instruments will change when interest rate levels 
change, and that change may either be favorable or unfavorable to the Company.  Management attempts to match maturities of 
assets and liabilities to the extent believed necessary to appropriately manage interest rate risk.  However, borrowers with fixed 
interest rate obligations are less likely to prepay in a rising interest rate environment and more likely to prepay in a falling 

117

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements_________________________________________________________________

Timberland Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary
September 30, 2018 and 2017

interest rate environment.  Conversely, depositors who are receiving fixed interest rates are more likely to withdraw funds 
before maturity in a rising interest rate environment and less likely to do so in a falling interest rate environment.  Management 
monitors interest rates and maturities of assets and liabilities, and attempts to manage interest rate risk by adjusting terms of 
new loans and deposits and by investing in securities with terms that mitigate the Company’s overall interest rate risk.

Note 20 - Selected Quarterly Financial Data (Unaudited)

The following selected financial data is presented for the quarters ended (dollars in thousands, except per share amounts):

Interest and dividend income
Interest expense
Net interest income

Non-interest income
Non-interest expense (1)

Income before income taxes

Provision for income taxes
Net income

Net income per common share

Basic (2)
Diluted (2)

$

September 30,
2018
11,051
(781)
10,270

3,180
(7,658)

5,792

1,370
4,422

0.60
0.59

$

$
$

$

$

$
$

June 30,
2018
10,457
(730)
9,727

3,145
(7,122)

5,750

1,334
4,416

0.60
0.59

$

$

$
$

March 31,
2018
10,290
(666)
9,624

$

December 31,
2017
10,035
(601)
9,434

3,082
(7,221)

5,485

1,216
4,269

0.58
0.57

$

$
$

3,137
(7,176)

5,395

1,781
3,614

0.49
0.48

__________________________________________
(1) During the quarters ended December 31, 2017, March 31, 2018, June 30, 2018 and September 30, 2018 the Company 
incurred expenses related to the acquisition of South Sound Bank of $9, $80, $181, and $346, respectively.
(2) The net income per common share amounts for the quarters do not add to the total for the fiscal year due to rounding.

Interest and dividend income
Interest expense
Net interest income

Recapture of loan losses (1)
Non-interest income
Non-interest expense

Income before income taxes

Provision for income taxes
Net income

Net income per common share

Basic 
Diluted (2)

$

September 30,
2017
9,711
(582)
9,129

—
3,145
(6,911)

5,363

1,748
3,615

0.50
0.48

$

$
$

June 30,
2017
10,165
(918)
9,247

(1,000)
3,156
(6,938)

6,465

2,188
4,277

0.59
0.58

$

$

$
$

March 31,
2017
9,299
(847)
8,452

$

December 31,
2016
9,163
(850)
8,313

(250)
2,851
(6,857)

4,696

1,568
3,128

0.44
0.42

$

$
$

—
3,216
(6,810)

4,719

1,572
3,147

0.46
0.43

$

$

$
$

__________________________________________
(1) During the quarters ended March 31, 2017 and June 30, 2017 the Company recorded recaptures of loan losses of $250 and 
$1,000, respectively, primarily as a result of significant recoveries on loans which had previously been charged off in prior 
years and improvements in other credit quality metrics.
(2) The net income per common share amounts for the quarters do not add to the total for the fiscal year due to rounding.

118

 
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements_________________________________________________________________

Timberland Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary
September 30, 2018 and 2017

Note 21 - Subsequent Event - Business Combination

On October 1, 2018, the Company completed the acquisition of South Sound Bank, a Washington-state chartered bank, 
headquartered in Olympia, Washington ("South Sound Merger").  The Company acquired 100% of the outstanding common 
stock of South Sound Bank, and South Sound Bank was merged into the Bank and the Company.  Pursuant to the terms of the 
merger agreement, South Sound Bank shareholders received 0.746 of a share of the Company's common stock and $5.68825 in 
cash per share of South Sound Bank common stock.  The Company issued 904,826 shares of its common stock (valued at 
$28,267,000 based on the Company's closing stock price on September 30, 2018 of $31.24 per share) and paid $6,903,000 in 
cash in the transaction for total consideration paid of $35,170,000.  At September 30, 2018, South Sound Bank had total assets 
of $178,333,000, a loan portfolio of $121,347,000, and deposits of $151,427,000 with two branches in Thurston County.  The 
primary reason for the acquisition was to expand the Company's presence along Washington State's economically important I-5 
corridor.   

The South Sound Merger constitutes a business acquisition as defined by GAAP, which establishes principles and requirements 
for how the acquirer of a business recognizes and measures in its financial statements the identifiable assets acquired and the 
liabilities assumed.  Accordingly, the estimated fair values of the acquired assets, including the identifiable intangible assets, 
and the assumed liabilities in the acquisition will be measured and recorded as of the acquisition date.

Costs incurred by the Company for the South Sound Merger totaled $616,000 during the year ended September 30, 2018 and 
are included in professional fees in the accompanying consolidated statement of income.  The operating results of the Company 
for the year ended September 30, 2018 do not include the operating results produced by the acquired assets and assumed 
liabilities from South Sound Bank as the South Sound Merger did not close until October 1, 2018.  Preliminary fair values for 
assets acquired and liabilities assumed are not reported herein as the Company is still in the process of completing the initial 
accounting for the acquisition.   

Item 9.  Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure

None.

Item 9A.  Controls and Procedures

(a)           Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures: An evaluation of the Company’s disclosure controls and 
procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”)) was carried out under the 
supervision and with the participation of the Company’s Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer and several other members 
of the Company’s senior management as of the end of the period covered by this annual report.  The Company’s Chief Executive 
Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that as of September 30, 2018 the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures 
were effective in ensuring that the information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports it files or submits under 
the Exchange Act is (i) accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management (including the Chief Executive Officer 
and Chief Financial Officer) in a timely manner, and (ii) recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods 
specified in the SEC’s rules and forms.

(b)           Changes in Internal Controls:  There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as 
defined in 13a-15(f) of the Exchange Act) that occurred during the quarter ended September 30, 2018, that have materially affected, 
or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.  The Company continued, however, to 
implement suggestions from its internal auditor and independent auditor on ways to strengthen existing controls.  The Company 
does not expect that its disclosure controls and procedures and internal controls over financial reporting will prevent all errors and 
fraud.  A control procedure, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that 
the objectives of the control procedure are met.  Because of the inherent limitations in all control procedures, no evaluation of 
controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within the Company have been 
detected.  These inherent limitations include the realities that judgments in decision-making can be faulty, and that breakdowns 
in controls or procedures can occur because of simple error or mistake.  Additionally, controls can be circumvented by the individual 
acts of some persons, by collusion of two or more people, or by management override of the control.  The design of any control 
procedure is based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any 
design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions; over time, controls become inadequate 
because of changes in conditions, or the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.  Because of the 
inherent limitations in a cost-effective control procedure, misstatements due to error or fraud may occur and not be detected.

119

 
 
 
Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

Management of Timberland Bancorp, Inc. (the “Company”) is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate 
internal control over financial reporting as defined in Rule 13(a)-15(f) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.  The Company's 
internal control over financial reporting is designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting 
and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles.

To  comply  with  the  requirements  of  Section  404  of  the  Sarbanes-Oxley Act  of  2002,  the  Company  designed  and 
implemented a structured and comprehensive assessment process to evaluate its internal control over financial reporting across 
the enterprise. The assessment of the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting was based on criteria 
established  in  Internal  Control-Integrated  Framework  (2013)  issued  by  the  Committee  of  Sponsoring  Organizations  of  the 
Treadway Commission.

The Company's internal control over financial reporting includes policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance  
of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions of the Company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance 
that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted 
accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the Company are being made only in accordance with authorizations 
of management and directors of the Company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of 
unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the Company's assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

A control procedure, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance 
that the objectives of the control system are met.  Also, because of the inherent limitations in all control procedures, no evaluation 
of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within the Company have been 
detected.  Additionally, in designing disclosure controls and procedures, our management was required to apply its judgment in 
evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible disclosure controls and procedures.  The design of any disclosure controls and 
procedures is also based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that 
any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions.  As a result of these inherent limitations, 
internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements.  Furthermore, projections of any evaluation of 
effectiveness to future periods are subject to risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions or that 
the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

Based on its assessment, management has concluded that the Company's internal control over financial reporting was 

effective as of September 30, 2018.

The effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting as of September 30, 2018, has been audited by Delap LLP, 
the independent registered public accounting firm who also audited the Company's consolidated financial statements. Delap LLP's 
attestation report on the Company's internal control over financial reporting is included in "Item 8. Financial Statements and 
Supplementary Data."

The management of the Company has assessed the Company's compliance with the Federal laws and regulations pertaining 
to insider loans and the Federal and, if applicable, State laws and regulations pertaining to dividend restrictions during the fiscal 
year that ended on September 30, 2018.  Management has concluded that the Company complied with the Federal laws and 
regulations pertaining to insider loans and the Federal and, if applicable, State laws and regulations.

Date: December 7, 2018 

/s/ Michael R. Sand
Michael R. Sand 
President and Chief Executive Officer

/s/ Dean J. Brydon
Dean J. Brydon
Chief Financial Officer

120

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Item 9B.  Other Information

None.

Item 10.  Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance

PART III

The information required by this item is contained under the section captioned “Proposal I - Election of Directors” in the 
Company’s Definitive Proxy Statement for the 2018 Annual Meeting of Stockholders (“Proxy Statement”) and is incorporated 
herein by reference.

For information regarding the executive officers of the Company and the Bank, see “Item 1.  Business - Executive Officers 

of the Registrant.”

Compliance with Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act

The information required by this item is contained under the section captioned “Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership 

Reporting Compliance” included  in the Company’s Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference.

Audit Committee Matters and Audit Committee Financial Expert

The Company has a separately designated standing Audit Committee, which as of September 30, 2018 was composed 
of Directors Stoney, Smith, Goldberg and Davis.  Each member of the Audit Committee is “independent” as defined in the Nasdaq 
Stock  Market  listing  standards.  The  Company’s  Board  of  Directors  has  designated  Director  Stoney  as  the Audit  Committee 
financial expert, as defined in the SEC’s Regulation S-K.  Directors Stoney, Smith, Goldberg and Davis are independent as that 
term is used in Item 7(c) of Schedule 14A promulgated under the Exchange Act.

Code of Ethics

The Board of Directors ratified its Code of Ethics for the Company’s officers (including its senior financial officers), 
directors and employees during the year ended September 30, 2018.  The Code of Ethics requires the Company’s officers, directors 
and employees to maintain the highest standards of professional conduct.  The Company’s Code of Ethics was filed as an exhibit 
to  its  Annual  Report  on  Form  10-K  for  the  year  ended  September  30,  2003  and  is  available  on  our  website  at 
www.timberlandbank.com.

Nomination Procedures

There have been no material changes to the procedures by which stockholders may recommend nominees to the Company’s 

Board of Directors.

Item 11.    Executive Compensation

The information required by this item is contained under the sections captioned “Executive Compensation” and “Directors’ 

Compensation” included in the Company’s Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference.

Item 12.    Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters

(a) 

Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners.

The information required by this item is contained under the section captioned “Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners 
and Management” included in the Company’s Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference.

(b) 

Security Ownership of Management.

The information required by this item is contained under the sections captioned “Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners 
and Management” and “Proposal I - Election of Directors” included in the Company’s Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein 
by reference.

121

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(c)           Changes In Control.

The Company is not aware of any arrangements, including any pledge by any person of securities of the Company, the operation 
of which may at a subsequent date result in a change in control of the Company.

Item 13.    Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence

The information required by this item is contained under the sections captioned “Meetings and Committees of the Board of 
Directors And Corporate Governance Matters - Corporate Governance - Related Party Transactions” and “Meetings and 
Committees of the Board of Directors and Corporate Governance Matters - Corporate Governance - Director Independence” 
included in the Company's Proxy Statement and are incorporated herein by reference.

Item 14.  Principal Accounting Fees and Services

The information required by this item is contained under the section captioned “Proposal 4-Ratification of Selection of 
Independent Auditor” included in the Company’s Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference.

122

 
 
Item 15.  Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules

(a)      Exhibits

PART IV

2.1

3.1
3.3
4.2

10.1
10.2
10.5

10.6
10.7
10.8
10.9
10.10
10.11

14
21

23.1
31.1
31.2
32
101

Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of May 22, 2018, by and between Timberland Bancorp, Timberland Bank 
and South Sound Bank (1)
Articles of Incorporation of the Registrant (2)
Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Registrant (3)
Letter Agreement (including Securities Purchase Agreement Standard Terms attached as Exhibit A) dated December 
23, 2008 between the Company and the United States Department of the Treasury (4)

Employee Severance Compensation Plan, as revised (5)
Employee Stock Ownership Plan (5)
2003 Stock Option Plan (6)

Form of Incentive Stock Option Agreement (7)
Form of Non-qualified Stock Option Agreement (7)
Form of Management Recognition and Development Award Agreement (7)
Employment Agreement with Michael R. Sand (8)
Employment Agreement with Dean J. Brydon (8)
Timberland Bancorp, Inc. 2014 Equity Incentive Plan (9)

Code of Ethics (10)
Subsidiaries of the Registrant*

Consent of Delap LLP*
Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act*
Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act*

Certification Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act*
The following materials from Timberland Bancorp, Inc.’s  Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended
September 30, 2018, formatted in Extensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL): (a) Consolidated Balance
Sheets; (b) Consolidated Statements of Income; (c) Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income; (d)
Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity; (e) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows; and (f) Notes to
Consolidated Financial Statements

____________
* 

Copies of these exhibits are available upon written request to Dean J. Brydon, Secretary, Timberland Bancorp, Inc.,
624 Simpson Avenue, Hoquiam, Washington 98550.
Incorporated by reference to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K filed May 23, 2018.
Filed as an exhibit to the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form S-1 (333-35817) and incorporated by reference.
Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed October 1, 2018.
Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on December 23, 2008.
Incorporated by reference to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K filed April 16, 2007.
Incorporated by reference to the Registrant's 2004 Annual Meeting Proxy Statement dated December 24, 2003.
Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.2 included in the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-8      
(333-1161163).
Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Current Report of Form 8-K filed on March 29, 2013. 
Attached as Appendix A to the Registrant's Annual Meeting Proxy Statement filed on December 19, 2014.
Incorporated by reference to the Registrant's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended September 30, 2003.

(1) 
(2) 
(3) 
(4) 
(5) 
(6) 
(7) 

(8) 
(9) 
(10) 

Item 16. Form 10-K Summary

None.

123

  
 
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly 

caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

SIGNATURES

Date: December 7, 2018

TIMBERLAND BANCORP, INC.

By:

 /s/Michael R. Sand
Michael R. Sand
President and Chief Executive Officer

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the 

following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

SIGNATURES

/s/Michael R. Sand
Michael R. Sand

/s/Jon C. Parker
Jon C. Parker

/s/Dean J. Brydon
Dean J. Brydon

/s/Andrea M. Clinton
Andrea M. Clinton

/s/James A. Davis
James A. Davis

/s/Larry D. Goldberg
Larry D. Goldberg

  /s/Kathy D. Leodler
Kathy D. Leodler

/s/David A. Smith
David A. Smith

/s/Michael J. Stoney
Michael J. Stoney

/s/Daniel D. Yerrington
Daniel D. Yerrington

TITLE

President, Chief Executive Officer and
Director
(Principal Executive Officer)

Chairman of the Board

Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

Director

Director

Director

Director

Director

Director

Director

DATE

December 7, 2018

December 7, 2018

December 7, 2018

December 7, 2018

December 7, 2018

December 7, 2018

December 7, 2018

December 7, 2018

December 7, 2018

December 7, 2018

124

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS 
TIMBERLAND BANCORP, INC.

OFFICERS: 

Michael R. Sand
President and Chief Executive Officer

Edward C. Foster
Executive Vice President

Marci A. Basich
Senior Vice President

Dean J. Brydon
Executive Vice President

Robert A. Drugge
Executive Vice President

Jonathan A. Fischer
Executive Vice President

DIRECTORS:
DIRECTORS:

Jon C. Parker is Chairman of the Board of the Company and the Bank.  Mr. Parker is the majority 
Jon C. Parker is Chairman of the Board of the Company and the Bank.  Mr. Parker is the majority 
shareholder/owner of the law firm Parker, Winkelman & Parker, P.S., Hoquiam, Washington, which serves 
shareholder/owner of the law firm Parker, Winkelman & Parker, P.S., Hoquiam, Washington, which serves 
as general counsel to the Bank and the Company.
as general counsel to the Bank and the Company.

Michael R. Sand has been affiliated with the Bank since 1977 and has served as President of the Bank 
Michael R. Sand has been affiliated with the Bank since 1977 and has served as President of the Bank 
and the Company since January 23, 2003.  On September 30, 2003, he was appointed as Chief Executive 
and the Company since January 23, 2003.  On September 30, 2003, he was appointed as Chief Executive 
Officer of the Bank and Company.  Prior to appointment as President and Chief Executive Officer, Mr. 
Officer of the Bank and Company.  Prior to appointment as President and Chief Executive Officer, Mr. 
Sand had served as Executive Vice President of the Bank since 1993 and as Executive Vice President of 
Sand had served as Executive Vice President of the Bank since 1993 and as Executive Vice President of 
the Company since its formation in 1997.
the Company since its formation in 1997.

Andrea M. Clinton, an interior designer, is the owner of AMC Interiors at Home and AMC Interiors, 
Andrea M. Clinton, an interior designer, is the owner of AMC Interiors at Home and AMC Interiors, 
both of which are located in Olympia, Washington.
both of which are located in Olympia, Washington.

James A. Davis is retired, having served as Chief Executive Officer of Verified Person, a background 
James A. Davis is retired, having served as Chief Executive Officer of Verified Person, a background 
verification company from 2006 until its acquisition in 2016. 
verification company from 2006 until its acquisition in 2016. 

Larry D. Goldberg is the retired principal partner of Goldberg Furniture Company, Aberdeen, 
Larry D. Goldberg is the retired principal partner of Goldberg Furniture Company, Aberdeen, 
Washington.  
Washington.  

Kathy D. Loedler is the founder and Chief Executive Officer of the Rampart Group LLC, a business 
Kathy D. Loedler is the founder and Chief Executive Officer of the Rampart Group LLC, a business 
consulting company based in Seattle, Washington that provides security and investigation services to law 
consulting company based in Seattle, Washington that provides security and investigation services to law 
firms, businesses, and  individuals.
firms, businesses, and  individuals.

David A. Smith is a pharmacist and the owner of Harbor Drug, Inc., a retail pharmacy located in 
David A. Smith is a pharmacist and the owner of Harbor Drug, Inc., a retail pharmacy located in 
Hoquiam, Washington.
Hoquiam, Washington.

Michael J. Stoney, a Certified Public Accountant, is a member of the accounting firm Easter & Stoney, 
Michael J. Stoney, a Certified Public Accountant, is a member of the accounting firm Easter & Stoney, 
P.S., with offices in Elma and Aberdeen, Washington. 
P.S., with offices in Elma and Aberdeen, Washington. 

Daniel D. Yerrington was a founding member of South Sound Bank, serving as its President and Chief 
Daniel D. Yerrington was a founding member of South Sound Bank, serving as its President and Chief 
Executive Officer from 1999 until its acquisition by Timberland on October 1, 2018.
Executive Officer from 1999 until its acquisition by Timberland on October 1, 2018.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CORPORATE INFORMATION

MAIN OFFICE 

INDEPENDENT AUDITORS

624 Simpson Avenue 
Hoquiam, Washington 98550 
Telephone: (360) 533-4747 

GENERAL COUNSEL 

Parker, Winkelman & Parker, PS 
Hoquiam, Washington 

TRANSFER AGENT

Delap LLP 
Lake Oswego, Oregon

SPECIAL COUNSEL

Breyer & Associates PC
McLean, Virginia

For shareholder inquiries concerning dividend checks, transferring ownership, address changes or lost or 
stolen certificates please contact our transfer agent:

American Stock Transfer & Trust Company
59 Maiden Lane
New York, New York 10038
(800) 937-5449

ANNUAL MEETING

The Annual Meeting of Shareholders will be held at the Hoquiam Grand Central, 427 7th Street, 
Hoquiam, WA 98550 on Tuesday, January 22, 2019 at 1:00 p.m., Pacific Time.

 
 
 
 
 
 
“is Page Intentionally Lef ꢀlank”

“is Page Intentionally Lef ꢀlank”

Gig Harbor

Aberdeen

(2 branches)

Lewis

Winlock

Toledo

Elma

Lacey

(3 branches)

Olympia (2 branches)

Chehalis

2018 Annual Report

South Sound Bank 
a division of  
Timberland Bank  
West Olympia
2850 Harrison Ave. NW
Olympia, WA 98502
(360) 705-4200 

Downtown Lacey
4530 Lacey Blvd SE
Lacey, WA 98503
(360) 528-4200

Edgewood  
(North Hill)
2418 Meridian E. 
Edgewood, WA 98371
(253) 845-0999

Auburn
202 Auburn Way S.
Auburn, WA 98002
(253) 804-6177

Tacoma 
7805 S. Hosmer St. 
Tacoma, WA 98408
(253) 472-4465

Gig Harbor 
3105 Judson St.
Gig Harbor, WA 98335 
(253) 851-1188

Silverdale
2401 NW Bucklin Hill Rd.
Silverdale, WA 98383
(360) 337-7727

Poulsbo 
20464 Viking Way NW
Poulsbo, WA 98370 
(360) 598-5801

Hoquiam 
624 Simpson Ave.
Hoquiam, WA  98550
(360) 533-4747

Ocean Shores 
361 Damon Rd. 
Ocean Shores, WA  98569
(360) 289-2476

Downtown Aberdeen 
117 N. Broadway 
Aberdeen, WA 98520
(360) 533-4500

South Aberdeen 
300 N. Boone St. 
Aberdeen, WA 98520
(360) 533-6440

Montesano 
210 S. Main St.
Montesano, WA 98563
(360) 249-4021

Elma
313 W. Waldrip 
Elma, WA 98541
(360) 482-3333

Toledo
101 Ramsey Way
Toledo, WA 98591
(360) 864-6102

Winlock
209 NE 1st St. 
Winlock, WA 98596
(360) 785-3552

Chehalis
714 W. Main St.
Chehalis, WA 98532
(360) 740-0770

Tumwater 
801 Trosper Rd. SW 
Tumwater, WA 98512
(360) 705-2863

Olympia
423 Washington St. SE
Olympia, WA 98501
(360) 943-5496 

Panorama
1751 Circle Lane SE
Lacey, WA 98503
(360) 413-3891

Lacey
1201 Marvin Rd. NE
Lacey, WA 98516
(360) 438-1400

Yelm 
101 Yelm Ave. W.
Yelm, WA 98597
(360) 458-2221

Bethel Station
2419 224th St. E.
Spanaway, WA 98387
(253) 875-4250

Puyallup (South Hill)
12814 Meridian E.
Puyallup, WA 98373
(253) 841-4980

www.timberlandbank.com

PLANT 

FutureHERE

YOUR