Quarterlytics / Financial Services / Banks - Regional / Timberland Bancorp, Inc.

Timberland Bancorp, Inc.

tsbk · NASDAQ Financial Services
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FY2020 Annual Report · Timberland Bancorp, Inc.
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Hoquiam 

624 Simpson Ave.

South Aberdeen 

300 N. Boone St. 

Hoquiam, WA  98550

Aberdeen, WA 98520

(360) 533-4747

Ocean Shores 

361 Damon Rd. 

(360) 533-6440

Montesano 

210 S. Main St.

(360) 289-2476

(360) 249-4021

Downtown Aberdeen 

Elma

117 N. Broadway 

Aberdeen, WA 98520

(360) 533-4500

313 W. Waldrip 

Elma, WA 98541

(360) 482-3333

Toledo

101 Ramsey Way

Toledo, WA 98591

(360) 864-6102

Winlock

209 NE 1st St. 

(360) 785-3552

Chehalis

714 W. Main St.

Tumwater 

801 Trosper Rd. SW 

Tumwater, WA 98512

(360) 705-2863

Olympia

423 Washington St. SE

Olympia, WA 98501

(360) 943-5496

West Olympia

2850 Harrison Ave. NW

Chehalis, WA 98532

Olympia, WA 98502

(360) 740-0770

(360) 705-4200

Ocean Shores, WA  98569

Montesano, WA 98563

Winlock, WA 98596

PLANT
YOUR

FutureHERE

Panorama

1751 Circle Lane SE

Lacey, WA 98503

(360) 413-3891

Lacey

1201 Marvin Rd. NE

Lacey, WA 98516

(360) 438-1400

Downtown Lacey

4530 Lacey Blvd SE

Lacey, WA 98503

(360) 528-4200

Yelm 

101 Yelm Ave. W.

Yelm, WA 98597

(360) 458-2221

Bethel Station

2419 224th St. E.

Spanaway, WA 98387

(253) 875-4250

Auburn

202 Auburn Way S.

Auburn, WA 98002

(253) 804-6177

Puyallup (South Hill)

Tacoma 

12814 Meridian E.

Puyallup, WA 98373

(253) 841-4980

7805 S. Hosmer St. 

Tacoma, WA 98408

(253) 472-4465

www.timberlandbank.com

Edgewood (North Hill)

Gig Harbor 

2418 Meridian E. 

3105 Judson St.

Edgewood, WA 98371

Gig Harbor, WA 98335 

(253) 845-0999

(253) 851-1188

2020 Annual Report

Silverdale

2401 NW Bucklin Hill Rd.

Silverdale, WA 98383

(360) 337-7727

Poulsbo 

20464 Viking Way NW

Poulsbo, WA 98370 

(360) 598-5801

Dear Fellow Shareholders of Timberland Bancorp, Inc.:

On behalf of the Directors and Employees of Timberland Bancorp, Inc. and its subsidiary, 
Timberland Bank, it is my privilege to invite you to attend the annual meeting for our fiscal 
year ended September 30, 2020.  The meeting will be convened January 26, 2021 employing a 
virtual format.  Instructions to access the meeting are included on your proxy card and the 
instructions that accompanied your proxy materials.  The meeting will begin promptly at 1:00 
p.m.  During the meeting we will review the operating results for the Company’s recently 
concluded fiscal year, conduct an election of Directors, vote on other matters described in the 
proxy statement and respond to questions from shareholders.  

Please review the information contained in the attached Form 10-K to acquaint yourself with 
the Company’s 2020 fiscal year financial performance.    

We were pleased to earn record net income for our fiscal year ended September 30, 2020 and, 
for the tenth consecutive year, to report increased net income and earnings per share.  Net 
loans outstanding increased 14% for the year primarily as a result of Timberland’s 
commitment to serving applicants seeking economic relief through the Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”).  Deposit growth, 
year over year, trended well above average increasing more than 27% primarily as a result of PPP loan proceeds being placed on 
deposit, organic growth in customer relationships resulting in new deposits and depositors prudently opting to build liquidity in 
the midst of an uncertain economy.  

Michael R. Sand

Significant efforts were directed this year toward responding to conditions dictated by the Coronavirus.  For example, we assisted 
more than 1,150 clients in their quest to access PPP funding to support their businesses and employees.  We also appropriately 
deferred loan payments for clients whose business revenues, or personal incomes, were curtailed by mandated restrictions.   

Aid to businesses in the form of potentially forgivable PPP loans was released in a torrent with implementing guidance seemingly 
developed as an afterthought.  The Small Business Administration (“SBA”) and Treasury were charged with the unenviable task 
of creating a lending program from scratch and, perhaps unavoidably, found it necessary to devise rules on the fly – which rules 
occasionally struggled to find the light of day.  Now, when we reflect on the positive results achieved through the program, we 
feel privileged to have joined with many other community banks to collectively play an outsized role in distributing critically 
needed funding to support thousands of small businesses in our respective communities.  Timberland’s lenders originated more 
than $127 million in PPP loans to support 1,158 borrowers through these challenging times.  We are currently devoting 
considerable resources to actively assist our customers with applications for loan forgiveness.

We also worked diligently this year to establish a safe working environment for our employees and customers.  Offices were 
“improved” in historically atypical ways such as by the addition of plexi-glass barriers and handwashing stations, and the periodic 
application of antiseptic surface coatings.  Branch access was temporarily restricted and front line employees were equipped with 
protective equipment for personal use.  We postulated, then discovered, many employees could effectively work from home using 
laptops and modest amounts of technical support.  

In countless ways it was an unusual and challenging year, yet in spite of significant disruptions and operational challenges, 
Timberland persisted in producing continued strong financial performance. We were honored to be recognized, for the third 
consecutive year, by Raymond James for our financial performance placing us in the top 10% of community banks in the 
country, as measured by several financial metrics.  We were also recognized, for the second consecutive year, by Piper Sandler as 
one of the nation’s 35 best performing small-cap banks. 

We are pleased to report the Company’s continued strong financial performance to you and thank you for participating with us 
as a shareholder in the success of our Company.  Please make plans to join us during our virtual annual meeting.  We wish you 
the best this holiday season.

Sincerely,

Michael R. Sand
President and CEO

FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS
TIMBERLAND BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY

The following table presents selected financial information concerning the consolidated financial position and results of operations of 
Timberland Bancorp, Inc. ("Company") at and for the dates indicated.  The consolidated data is derived in part from, and should  be 
read in conjunction with, the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Company and its subsidiary presented herein.  (Dollars in 
thousands except share data)

SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
Total Assets 
Loans Receivable, Net 
Total Deposits 
Shareholders’ Equity

September 30,

2018

2019

2020

$ 1,018,290
  725,391
  889,506
  124,657

$ 1,247,132
  886,662
  1,068,227
  171,067

$ 1,565,978
  1,013,875
  1,358,406
187,630

OPERATING DATA
Interest and Dividend Income
Interest Expense
  Net Interest Income
Provision for Loan Losses
     Net Interest Income after Provision for Loan Losses
Non-Interest Income
Non-Interest Expense 

Income before Income Taxes

Provision for Income Taxes
Net Income

$  41,833
2,778
39,055
–
39,055
12,544
29,177
22,422
5,701

$  55,725
4,565
51,160
–
51,160
14,341
35,580
29,921
5,901

$ 

55,583
4,701
50,882
3,700
47,182
17,188
34,063
30,307
6,038

$  16,721

$  24,020

$ 

24,269

Total Assets

$1,565,978

$1,247,132

$1,018,290

2018 

2019 

2020

Loans Receivable, Net

$1,013,875

$725,391

$886,662

2018 

2019 

2020

Total Deposits

$1,358,406

$1,068,227

$889,506

NET INCOME PER COMMON SHARE
Basic
Diluted

$ 

2.28
2.22

$ 

$ 

2.89
2.84

2.91
2.88

2018 

2019 

2020

Net Income

$24,269

$24,020

KEY FINANCIAL RATIOS
Return on Average Assets 
Return on Average Equity 
Net Interest Margin 
Efficiency Ratio 
Non-Performing Assets to Total Assets (1) 
Total Equity-to-Assets 

$16,721

__________________

1.70% 
14.27 
4.23 
56.55 
0.36 
12.24 

1.96% 

  14.91 
4.50 
54.32 
0.40 
13.71 

1.75%
13.59
3.90
50.04
0.27
11.98

2018 

2019 

2020

(1) Non-performing assets include non-accrual loans, loans past due 90 days or more and still accruing,
      non-accrual investment securities, other real estate owned and other repossessed assets.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2020 FORM 10-K

We have included our Form 10-K, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, 
with our annual report to give you more complete information about our Company.  A table 
of contents can be found facing page one.

Written requests to obtain a copy of any exhibit listed in Part IV should be sent to 
Timberland Bancorp, Inc., 624 Simpson Avenue, Hoquiam, Washington 98550, attention: 
Investor Relations Department.

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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM  10-K

☒ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

 For the Fiscal Year Ended  September 30, 2020

 OR

TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE 
SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

☐ 

Commission File Number:  0-23333

TIMBERLAND BANCORP, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Washington
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)

91-1863696
(I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)

624 Simpson Avenue,  Hoquiam,  Washington
       (Address of principal executive offices)

98550
(Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code:

(360) 533-4747

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class
Common stock, $.01 par value

Trading Symbol(s)
TSBK

Name of each exchange on which
registered
The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:

None

Indicate  by  check  mark  if  the  registrant  is  a  well-known  seasoned  issuer,  as  defined  in  Rule  405  of  the  Securities 

Act.    Yes   ☐ 

 No    ☒

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the 

Act.     Yes  ☐ 

 No    ☒ 

Indicate  by  check  mark  whether  the  registrant  (1)  has  filed  all  reports  required  to  be  filed  by  Section  13  or  15(d)  of  the 
Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file 
such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.  Yes   ☒    No  ☐    

Indicate  by  check  mark  whether  the  registrant  has  submitted  electronically  every  Interactive  Data  File  required  to  be 
submitted  pursuant  to  Rule  405  of  Regulation  S-T  (§232.405  of  this  chapter)  during  the  preceding  12  months  (or  for  such  shorter 
period that the registrant was required to submit such files)   Yes   ☒    No   ☐   

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a 
smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company.  See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” 
“smaller reporting company” and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act:

Large accelerated filer
☐
Non-accelerated filer
☒
Emerging growth company ☐

Accelerated filer 
☐
Smaller reporting company  ☒

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period 

for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.     [☐]

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management's assessment of the 

effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by 
the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report.  ___

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act).  Yes   ☐     No    ☒ 

As of November 30, 2020 the registrant had 8,315,993 shares of common stock issued and outstanding.  The aggregate 

market value of the common stock held by nonaffiliates of the registrant, based on the closing sales price of the registrant’s common 
stock as quoted on the NASDAQ Global Market on March 31, 2020, was $151.98 million (8,309,193 shares at $18.29).  For purposes 
of this calculation, common stock held by officers and directors of the registrant was included.

1. Portions of Definitive Proxy Statement for the 2021 Annual Meeting of Shareholders (Part III).

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

[This page intentionally left blank.] 

TIMBERLAND BANCORP, INC.
2020 ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM 10-K
TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I.
Item 1.

Business

General
Market Area
Lending Activities
Investment Activities
Deposit Activities and Other Sources of Funds
Bank Owned Life Insurance
How We Are Regulated
Taxation
Competition
Subsidiary Activities
Employees and Human Capital Resources
Executive Officers of the Registrant

Item 1A.  Risk Factors
Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments 
Item 2.
Item 3. 
Item 4.  Mine Safety Disclosures

Properties
Legal Proceedings

PART II.

Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
Item 6.
Item 7.  Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Selected Financial Data

General
Overview
Operating Strategy
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
Market Risk and Asset and Liability Management
Comparison of Financial Condition at September 30, 2020 and September 30, 2019
Comparison of Operating Results for Years Ended September 30, 2020 and 2019
Average Balances, Interest and Average Yields/Cost
Rate/Volume Analysis
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Effect of Inflation and Changing Prices
New Accounting Pronouncements

Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Item 8.
Item 9.
Item 9A. Controls and Procedures
Item 9B. Other Information

Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure

PART III.

Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance
Item 11. Executive Compensation
Item 12.
Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence
Item 14. Principal Accounting Fees and Services

Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters

PART IV.

Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules
Item 16. Form 10-K Summary

Page

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4
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27
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35
36
36
36
37
50
50 
52
52

52
54
56
56
56
57
58
58
60
62
65
67
67
69
69
69
69
129
129
131

131
131
131
132
132

133
133

As used throughout this report, the terms "we," "our," or "us," refer to Timberland Bancorp, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiary, 
unless the context otherwise requires.

[This page intentionally left blank.] 

Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

Certain  matters  discussed  in  this  Annual  Report  on  Form  10-K  may  contain  forward-looking  statements  within  the 
meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995.  These statements relate to our financial condition, results of 
operations, plans, objectives, future performance or business.  Forward-looking statements are not statements of historical fact, 
are  based  on  certain  assumptions  and  often  include  the  words  "believes,"  "expects,"  "anticipates,"  "estimates,"  "forecasts," 
"intends,"  "plans,"  "targets,"  "potentially,"  "probably,"  "projects,"  "outlook"  or  similar  expressions  or  future  or  conditional 
verbs such as "may," "will," "should," "would" and "could." Forward-looking statements include statements with respect to our 
beliefs, plans, objectives, goals, expectations, assumptions and statements about future economic performance.  These forward-
looking statements are subject to known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that could cause our actual results to 
differ  materially  from  the  results  anticipated  or  implied  by  our  forward-looking  statements,  including,  but  not  limited  to:  the 
effect  of  the  novel  coronavirus  of  2019  ("COVID-19")  pandemic,  including  on  the  Company's  credit  quality  and  business 
operations, as well as its impact on general economic and financial market conditions and other uncertainties resulting from the 
COVID-19  pandemic,  such  as  the  extent  and  duration  of  the  impact  on  public  health,  the  U.S.  and  global  economies,  and 
consumer  and  corporate  customers,  including  economic  activity,  employment  levels  and  market  liquidity;  the  credit  risks  of 
lending activities, including changes in the level and trend of loan delinquencies and write-offs and changes in our allowance 
for loan losses and provision for loan losses that may be impacted by deterioration in the housing and commercial real estate 
markets which may lead to increased losses and non-performing loans in our loan portfolio, and may result in our allowance for 
loan losses not being adequate to cover actual losses, and require us to materially increase our loan loss reserves; changes in 
general  economic  conditions,  either  nationally  or  in  our  market  areas;  changes  in  the  levels  of  general  interest  rates,  and  the 
relative  differences  between  short  and  long  term  interest  rates,  deposit  interest  rates,  our  net  interest  margin  and  funding 
sources; uncertainty regarding the future of the London Interbank Offered Rate ("LIBOR"), and the potential transition away 
from LIBOR toward new interest rate benchmarks; fluctuations in the demand for loans, the number of unsold homes, land and 
other properties and fluctuations in real estate values in our market areas; secondary market conditions for loans and our ability 
to sell loans in the secondary market; results of examinations of us by the Federal Reserve and of our bank subsidiary by the 
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, the Washington State Department of Financial Institutions, Division of Banks or other 
regulatory authorities, including the possibility that any such regulatory authority may, among other things, institute a formal or 
informal enforcement action against us or our bank subsidiary which could require us to increase our allowance for loan losses, 
write-down assets, change our regulatory capital position or affect our ability to borrow funds or maintain or increase deposits 
or  impose  additional  requirements  or  restrictions  on  us,  any  of  which  could  adversely  affect  our  liquidity  and  earnings; 
legislative or regulatory changes that adversely affect our business including changes in regulatory policies and principles, or 
the interpretation of regulatory capital or other rules including as a result of Basel III; the impact of the Dodd Frank Wall Street 
Reform  and  Consumer  Protection  Act  and  implementing  regulations;  our  ability  to  attract  and  retain  deposits;  our  ability  to 
control operating  costs and expenses;  the  use  of estimates in determining fair  value of  certain  of our  assets, which estimates 
may prove to be incorrect and result in significant declines in valuation; difficulties in reducing risks associated with the loans 
on  our  consolidated  balance  sheet;  staffing  fluctuations  in  response  to  product  demand  or  the  implementation  of  corporate 
strategies that  affect our work  force  and  potential associated charges; disruptions,  security breaches,  or other  adverse events, 
failures or interruptions in, or attacks on, our information technology systems or on the third-party vendors who perform several 
of  our  critical  processing  functions;  our  ability  to  retain  key  members  of  our  senior  management  team;  costs  and  effects  of 
litigation,  including  settlements  and  judgments;  our  ability  to  implement  our  business  strategies;  our  ability  to  manage  loan 
delinquency  rates;  increased  competitive  pressures  among  financial  services  companies;  changes  in  consumer  spending, 
borrowing  and  savings  habits;  the  availability  of  resources  to  address  changes  in  laws,  rules,  or  regulations  or  to  respond  to 
regulatory actions; our ability to pay dividends on our common stock; adverse changes in the securities markets; inability of key 
third-party providers to perform their obligations to us; changes in accounting policies and practices, as may be adopted by the 
financial institution regulatory agencies or the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB"), including additional guidance 
and interpretation on accounting issues and details of the implementation of new accounting methods; the economic impact of 
war or any terrorist activities; other economic, competitive, governmental, regulatory, and technological factors affecting our 
operations, pricing, products and services including the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act of 2020 ("CARES 
Act"); and other risks described elsewhere in this Form 10-K and in the Company's other reports filed with or furnished to the 
Securities and Exchange Commission.

Any of the forward-looking statements that we make in this Form 10-K and in the other public statements we make are 
based upon management's beliefs and assumptions at the time they are made.  We do not undertake and specifically disclaim 
any    obligation  to  publicly  update  or  revise  any  forward-looking  statements  included  in  this  annual  report  to  reflect  the 
occurrence  of  anticipated  or  unanticipated  events  or  circumstances  after  the  date  of  such  statements  or  to  update  the  reasons 
why actual results could differ from those contained in such statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or 
otherwise.    In  light  of  these  risks,  uncertainties  and  assumptions,  the  forward-looking  statements  discussed  in  this  document 
might not occur and we caution readers not to place undue reliance on any forward-looking statements. These risks could cause 
our actual results for fiscal 2021 and beyond to differ materially from those expressed in any forward-looking statements by, or 
on behalf of, us, and could negatively affect the Company's consolidated financial condition and results of operations as well as 
its stock price performance.

3

Item 1.  Business

General

PART I

Timberland  Bancorp,  Inc.  (“Timberland  Bancorp"  or  the  "Company”),  a  Washington  corporation,  was  organized  on 
September 8, 1997 for the purpose of becoming the holding company for Timberland Bank (the "Bank").  At September 30, 
2020, on a consolidated basis, the Company had total assets of $1.57 billion, net loans receivable of $1.01 billion, total deposits 
of $1.36 billion and total shareholders’ equity of $187.63 million.  The Company’s business activities generally are limited to 
passive investment activities and oversight of its investment in the Bank.  Accordingly, the information set forth in this report, 
including  consolidated  financial  statements  and  related  data,  relates  primarily  to  the  Bank  and  its  subsidiary,  Timberland 
Service Corporation.

The Bank opened for business in 1915 and serves consumers and businesses across Grays Harbor, Thurston, Pierce, 
King,  Kitsap  and  Lewis  counties,  Washington  with  a  full  range  of  lending  and  deposit  services  through  its  24  branches 
(including its main office in Hoquiam). The Bank’s deposits are insured up to applicable legal limits by the Federal Deposit 
Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”).  The Bank has been a member of the Federal Home Loan Bank System since 1937.  The Bank 
is regulated by the Washington Department of Financial Institutions, Division of Banks (“Division” or “DFI”) and the FDIC. 
The Company is regulated by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System ("Federal Reserve").

On  October  1,  2018,  the  Company  completed  the  acquisition  of  South  Sound  Bank,  a  Washington-state  chartered 
bank, headquartered in Olympia, Washington ("South Sound Acquisition").  The Company acquired 100% of the outstanding 
common  stock  of  South  Sound  Bank,  and  South  Sound  Bank  was  merged  into  the  Bank.    The  results  of  operations  of  the 
acquired assets and assumed liabilities have been included in the Company's consolidated financial statements as of and for the 
period since the acquisition date.  For additional details see Note 2 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements contained 
in "Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data."

Timberland  Bank  is  a  community-oriented  bank  which  has  traditionally  offered  a  variety  of  savings  products  to  its 
retail customers while concentrating its lending activities on real estate mortgage loans. Lending activities have been focused 
primarily on  the  origination  of  loans  secured by  real estate, including residential and commercial /  multi-family construction 
loans,  one-  to  four-family  residential  loans,  multi-family  loans,  commercial  real  estate  loans  and  land  loans.  The  Bank 
originates  adjustable-rate  residential  mortgage  loans  that  do  not  qualify  for  sale  in  the  secondary  market.  The  Bank  also 
originates commercial business loans and other consumer loans.

The  Company  maintains  a  website  at  www.timberlandbank.com.    The  information  contained  on  that  website  is  not 
included  as  a  part  of,  or  incorporated  by  reference  into,  this  Annual  Report  on  Form  10-K.    Other  than  an  investor’s  own 
internet access charges, the Company makes available free of charge through that website the Company’s Annual Report on 
Form  10-K,  quarterly  reports  on  Form  10-Q  and  current  reports  on  Form  8-K,  and  amendments  to  these  reports,  as  soon  as 
reasonably  practicable  after  these  materials  have  been  electronically  filed  with,  or  furnished  to,  the  Securities  and  Exchange 
Commission (“SEC”).

Market Area

The  Bank  considers  Grays  Harbor,  Pierce,  Thurston,  Kitsap,  King  and  Lewis  counties,  Washington  as  its  primary 

market areas.  The Bank conducts operations from:

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

its main office in Hoquiam (Grays Harbor County);

five branch offices in Grays Harbor County (Ocean Shores, Montesano, Elma and two branches in 
Aberdeen);

five branch offices in Pierce County (Edgewood, Puyallup, Spanaway, Tacoma and Gig Harbor);

seven branch offices in Thurston County (Tumwater, Yelm, three branches in Lacey and two 
branches in Olympia);

two branch offices in Kitsap County (Poulsbo and Silverdale);

a branch office in King County (Auburn); and

three branch offices in Lewis County (Winlock, Toledo and Chehalis).

4

For additional information, see “Item 2. Properties.”

Hoquiam,  with  a  population  of  approximately  8,700,  is  located  in  Grays  Harbor  County  which  is  situated  along 
Washington State’s central Pacific coast.  Hoquiam is located approximately 110 miles southwest of Seattle, Washington and 
145 miles northwest of Portland, Oregon.

The Bank considers its primary market area to include six sub-markets: primarily rural Grays Harbor County with its 
historical  dependence  on  the  timber  and  fishing  industries;  Thurston  and  Kitsap  counties  with  their  dependence  on  state  and 
federal  government;  Pierce  and  King  counties  with  their  broadly  diversified  economic  bases;  and  Lewis  County  with  its 
dependence on retail trade, manufacturing, industrial services and local government.  Each of these markets presents operating 
risks to the Bank.  The Bank’s expansion into Pierce, Thurston, Kitsap, King and Lewis counties represents the Bank’s strategy 
to expand and  diversify its primary market area to become less reliant on the economy of Grays Harbor County.

Grays  Harbor  County  has  a  population  of  75,000  according  to  the  United  States  ("U.S.")  Census  Bureau  2019 
estimates  and  a  median  family  income  of  $65,500  according  to  2020  estimates  from  the  Department  of  Housing  and  Urban 
Development (“HUD”).  The economic base in Grays Harbor County has been historically dependent on the timber and fishing 
industries.    Other  industries  that  support  the  economic  base  are  tourism,  agriculture,  shipping,  transportation  and 
technology.    According  to  the  Washington  State  Employment  Security  Department,  the  unemployment  rate  in  Grays  Harbor 
County increased to 10.0% at September 30, 2020 from 6.7% at September 30, 2019.  The median price of a resale home in 
Grays Harbor County for the quarter ended June 30, 2020 increased 13.4% to $239,800 from $211,400 for the comparable prior 
year period.  The number of home sales increased 3.1% for the quarter ended June 30, 2020 compared to the same quarter one 
year earlier.  The Bank has six branches (including its home office) located in the county.  

Pierce County is the second most populous county in the state and has a population of 905,000 according to the U.S. 
Census  Bureau  2019  estimates.    The  county’s  median  family  income  is  $87,300  according  to  2020  HUD  estimates.    The 
economy  in  Pierce  County  is  diversified  with  the  presence  of  military  related  government  employment  (Joint  Base  Lewis-
McChord),  transportation  and  shipping  employment  (Port  of  Tacoma),  and  aerospace  related  employment.    According  to  the 
Washington State Employment Security Department, the unemployment rate for the Pierce County area increased to 8.6% at 
September 30, 2020 from 5.0% at September 30, 2019.  The median price of a resale home in Pierce County for the quarter 
ended June 30, 2020 increased 9.5% to $407,800 from $372,300 for the comparable prior year period.  The number of home 
sales decreased 5.5% for the quarter ended June 30, 2020 compared to the same quarter one year earlier.  The Bank has five 
branches located in Pierce County, and these branches have historically been responsible for a substantial portion of the Bank’s 
construction lending activities. 

Thurston  County  has  a  population  of  291,000  according  to  the  U.S.  Census  Bureau  2019  estimates  and  a  median 
family  income  of  $86,700  according  to  2020  HUD  estimates.    Thurston  County  is  home  of  Washington  State’s  capital 
(Olympia),  and  its  economic  base  is  largely  driven  by  state  government  related  employment.    According  to  the  Washington 
State  Employment  Security  Department,  the  unemployment  rate  for  the  Thurston  County  area  increased  to  7.1%  at 
September 30, 2020 from 4.8% at September 30, 2019.  The median price of a resale home in Thurston County for the quarter 
ended June 30, 2020 increased 8.9% to $371,100 from $340,700 for the same quarter one year earlier.  The number of home 
sales decreased 2.5% for the quarter ended June 30, 2020 compared to the same quarter one year earlier.  The Bank has seven 
branches located in Thurston County.  This county has historically had a stable economic base primarily attributable to the state 
government presence.

Kitsap County has a population of 271,000 according to the U.S. Census Bureau 2019 estimates and a median family 
income of $91,700 according to 2020 HUD estimates.  The Bank has two branches located in Kitsap County.  The economic 
base of Kitsap County is largely supported by military related government employment through the U.S. Navy.  According to 
the Washington State Employment Security Department, the unemployment rate for the Kitsap County area increased to 6.8% 
at September 30, 2020 from 4.5% at September 30, 2019.  The median price of a resale home in Kitsap County for the quarter 
ended June 30, 2020 increased 8.0% to $411,400 from $380,800 for the same quarter one year earlier.  The number of home 
sales decreased 3.4% for the quarter ended June 30, 2020 compared to the same quarter one year earlier.  

King County is the most populous county in the state and has a population of 2.2 million according to the U.S. Census 
Bureau 2019 estimates.  The Bank has one branch located in King County.  The county’s median family income is $113,300 
according  to  2020  HUD  estimates.    King  County’s  economic  base  is  diversified  with  many  industries  including  shipping, 
transportation,  aerospace,  computer  technology  and  biotech.    According  to  the  Washington  State  Employment  Security 
Department,  the  unemployment  rate  for  the  King  County  area  increased  to  7.0%  at  September  30,  2020  from  3.0%  at 
September 30, 2019.  The median price of a resale home in King County for the quarter ended June 30, 2020 increased 2.0% to 

5

 
$715,400 from $701,200 for the same quarter one year earlier.  The number of home sales decreased 0.5% for the quarter ended 
June 30, 2020 compared to the same quarter one year earlier.  

Lewis County has a population of 81,000 according to the U.S. Census Bureau 2019 estimates and a median family 
income  of  $65,500  according  to  2020  HUD  estimates.    The  economic  base  in  Lewis  County  is  supported  by  manufacturing, 
retail trade, local government and industrial services.  According to the Washington State Employment Security Department, 
the  unemployment  rate  in  Lewis  County  increased  to  8.1%  at  September  30,  2020  from  5.9%  at  September  30,  2019.  The 
median  price  of  a  resale  home  in  Lewis  County  for  the  quarter  ended  June  30,  2020  increased  12.8%  to  $291,400  from 
$258,300 for the same quarter one year earlier.  The number of home sales increased 2.4% for the quarter ended June 30, 2020 
compared to the same quarter one year earlier.  The Bank has three branches located in Lewis County.  

Lending Activities

General.  Historically, the principal lending activity of the Bank has consisted of the origination of loans secured by 
first mortgages on owner-occupied, one- to four-family residences, multi-family properties, commercial real estate, or by land 
and  loans  for  the  construction  of  one-  to  four-family  residences.    The  Bank’s  net  loans  receivable  totaled  $1.01  billion  at 
September  30,  2020,  representing  64.7%  of  consolidated  total  assets,  and  at  that  date  commercial  real  estate,  construction 
(including  undisbursed  loans  in  process),  multi-family  and  land  loans  were  $783.69  million,  or  69.1%  of  total 
loans.  Commercial real estate, construction, multi-family, and land loans typically have higher rates of return than one- to four-
family loans; however, they also present a higher degree of risk.  

The  Bank’s  internal  loan  policy  limits  the  maximum  amount  of  loans  to  one  borrower  to  20%  of  its  capital  plus 
surplus.  According to the Washington Administrative Code, capital and surplus are defined as a bank's Tier 1 capital, Tier 2 
capital and the balance of a bank's allowance for loan losses not included in the bank's Tier 2 capital as reported in the bank's 
call  report.    At  September  30,  2020,  the  maximum  amount  which  the  Bank  could  have  lent  to  any  one  borrower  and  the 
borrower’s  related  entities  was  approximately  $36.55  million  under  this  policy.    At  September  30,  2020,  the  largest  amount 
outstanding to any one borrower and the borrower’s related entities was $28.88 million (including $4.05 million in available 
lines of credit), which was secured by various commercial real estate and residential properties and other business assets located 
primarily  in  King  County  and  were  performing  according  to  their  loan  repayment  terms  at  September  30,  2020.    The  next 
largest amount outstanding to any one borrower and the borrower’s related entities was $20.59 million (including $7.34 million 
of  undisbursed  construction  loan  proceeds).    These  loans  were  secured  by  multi-family,  one-  to  four-family  and  commercial 
real  estate  properties  located  primarily  in  Thurston  County  and  were  performing  according  to  their  loan  repayment  terms  at 
September 30, 2020. 

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Residential One- to Four-Family Lending.  At September 30, 2020, $118.58 million, or 10.5%, of the Bank’s loan 
portfolio  consisted  of  loans  secured  by  one-  to  four-family  residences.    The  Bank  originates  both  fixed-rate  loans  and 
adjustable-rate loans.

Generally, one- to four-family fixed-rate loans are originated to meet the requirements for sale in the secondary market 
to  the  Federal  Home  Loan  Mortgage  Corporation  ("Freddie  Mac")  or  the  Federal  Home  Loan  Bank  of  Des  Moines 
("FHLB").  From time to time, however, a portion of these fixed-rate loans may be retained in the loan portfolio to meet the 
Bank’s asset/liability management objectives. The Bank uses an automated underwriting program, which preliminarily qualifies 
a  loan  as  conforming  to  Freddie  Mac  underwriting  standards  when  the  loan  is  originated.    At  September  30,  2020,  $38.29 
million, or 32.3%, of the Bank’s one- to four-family loan portfolio consisted of fixed-rate mortgage loans.

The Bank also offers adjustable-rate mortgage (“ARM”) loans.  All of the Bank’s ARM loans are retained in its loan 
portfolio.    The  Bank  offers  several  ARM  products  which  adjust  annually  or  every  three  to  five  years  after  an  initial  period 
ranging from one to five years and are typically subject to a limitation on the annual interest rate increase of 2% and an overall 
limitation of 6%.  These ARM products generally are re-priced utilizing the weekly average yield on one year U.S. Treasury 
securities adjusted to a constant maturity of one year plus a margin of 2.75% to 4.00%.  The Bank also offers ARM loans tied to 
The Wall Street Journal prime lending rate ("Prime Rate") index which typically do not have periodic or lifetime adjustment 
limits.  Loans tied to the Prime Rate normally have margins ranging up to 3.0%.  ARM loans held in the Bank’s portfolio do not 
permit negative amortization of principal.  Borrower demand for ARM loans versus fixed-rate mortgage loans is a function of 
the level of interest rates, the expectations of changes in the level of interest rates and the difference between the initial interest 
rates  and  fees  charged  for  each  type  of  loan.    The  relative  amount  of  fixed-rate  mortgage  loans  and  ARM  loans  that  can  be 
originated at any time is largely determined by the demand for each in a competitive environment.  At September 30, 2020, 
$80.29 million, or 67.7%, of the Bank’s one- to four- family loan portfolio consisted of ARM loans.

A portion of the Bank’s ARM loans are “non-conforming”, because they do not satisfy acreage limits or various other 
requirements imposed by Freddie Mac.  Some of these loans are also originated to meet the needs of borrowers who cannot 
otherwise satisfy Freddie Mac credit requirements because of personal and financial reasons (i.e., divorce, bankruptcy, length of 
time employed, etc.), and other aspects, which do not conform to Freddie Mac’s guidelines.  Such borrowers may have higher 
debt-to-income ratios, or the loans are secured by unique properties in rural markets for which there are no sales of comparable 
properties to support the value according to secondary market requirements.  These loans are known as non-conforming loans, 
and the Bank may require additional collateral or lower loan-to-value ratios to reduce the risk of these loans.  The Bank believes 
that these loans satisfy a need in its local market area.  As a result, subject to market conditions, the Bank intends to continue to 
originate these types of loans.

The  retention  of  ARM  loans  in  the  Bank’s  loan  portfolio  helps  reduce  the  Bank’s  exposure  to  changes  in  interest 
rates.    There  are,  however,  unquantifiable  credit  risks  resulting  from  the  potential  of  increased  interest  to  be  paid  by  the 
customer as a result of increases in interest rates.  It is possible that during periods of rising interest rates the risk of default on 
ARM  loans  may  increase  as  a  result  of  repricing  and  the  increased  costs  to  the  borrower.    The  Bank  attempts  to  reduce  the 
potential for delinquencies and defaults on ARM loans by qualifying the borrower based on the borrower’s ability to repay the 
ARM loan assuming a 2.0% increase in the initial interest rate.  Another consideration is that although ARM loans allow the 
Bank  to  increase  the  sensitivity  of  its  asset  base  due  to  changes  in  the  interest  rates,  the  extent  of  this  interest  sensitivity  is 
limited by the periodic and lifetime interest rate adjustment limits.  Because of these considerations, the Bank has no assurance 
that yield increases on ARM loans will be sufficient to offset increases in the Bank’s cost of funds.

While  fixed-rate,  single-family  residential  mortgage  loans  are  normally  originated  with  15  to  30  year  terms  to 
maturity, these loans typically remain outstanding for substantially shorter periods because borrowers often prepay their loans 
in  full  upon  sale  of  the  property  pledged  as  security  or  upon  refinancing  the  original  loan.    In  addition,  substantially  all 
mortgage loans in the Bank’s loan portfolio contain due-on-sale clauses providing that the Bank may declare the unpaid amount 
due and payable upon the sale of the property securing the loan.  Typically, the Bank enforces these due-on-sale clauses to the 
extent permitted by law and as business judgment dictates.  Thus, average loan maturity is a function of, among other factors, 
the  level  of  purchase  and  sale  activity  in  the  real  estate  market,  prevailing  interest  rates  and  the  interest  rates  received  on 
outstanding loans.

The Bank requires that fire and extended coverage casualty insurance be maintained on the collateral for all of its real 

estate secured loans and flood insurance, if appropriate.

The  Bank’s  lending  policies  generally  limit  the  maximum  loan-to-value  ratio  on  mortgage  loans  secured  by  owner-
occupied  properties  to  95%  of  the  lesser  of  the  appraised  value  or  the  purchase  price.    However,  the  Bank  usually  obtains 
private  mortgage  insurance  (“PMI”)  on  the  portion  of  the  principal  amount  that  exceeds  80%  of  the  appraised  value  of  the 
security property. The maximum loan-to-value ratio on mortgage loans secured by non-owner-occupied properties is generally 

8

80% (90% for loans originated for sale in the secondary market to Freddie Mac or the FHLB).  At September 30, 2020, three 
one- to four-family loans totaling $659,000 were on non-accrual status.  See “Lending Activities - Non-performing Loans and 
Delinquencies.”

Multi-Family  Lending.    At  September  30,  2020,  $85.05  million,  or  7.5%,  of  the  Bank’s  total  loan  portfolio  was 
secured  by  multi-family  dwelling  units  (more  than  four  units)  located  primarily  in  the  Bank’s  primary  market  area.    Multi-
family loans are generally originated with variable rates of interest ranging from 1.00% to 3.50% over the one-year constant 
maturity U.S. Treasury Bill Index, the Prime Rate or a matched term FHLB borrowing, with principal and interest payments 
fully amortizing over terms of up to 30 years.  At September 30, 2020, the Bank’s largest multi-family loan had an outstanding 
principal balance of $7.20 million and was secured by an apartment building located in Thurston County.  At September 30, 
2020, this loan was performing according to its repayment terms.  

The  maximum  loan-to-value  ratio  for  multi-family  loans  is  generally  limited  to  not  more  than  80%.    The  Bank 
generally requests its multi-family loan borrowers with loan balances in excess of $750,000 to submit financial statements and 
rent rolls annually on the properties securing such loans.  The Bank also inspects such properties annually.  The Bank generally 
imposes a minimum debt coverage ratio of 1.20 for loans secured by multi-family properties.

Multi-family mortgage lending affords the Bank an opportunity to receive interest at rates higher than those generally 
available from one- to four- family residential lending.  However, loans secured by multi-family properties usually are greater 
in amount, more difficult to evaluate and monitor and, therefore, may involve a greater degree of risk than one- to four-family 
residential  mortgage  loans.    Because  payments  on  loans  secured  by  multi-family  properties  are  often  dependent  on  the 
successful operation and management of the properties, repayment of such loans may be affected by adverse conditions in the 
real  estate  market  or  the  economy.    The  Bank  seeks  to  minimize  these  risks  by  scrutinizing  the  financial  condition  of  the 
borrower, the quality of the collateral and the management of the property securing the loan.  If the borrower is other than an 
individual, the Bank also generally obtains personal guarantees from the principals (with ownership interests of 20% or more) 
based on a review of personal financial statements.  At September 30, 2020, all multi-family loans were performing according 
to their repayment terms.  See "Lending Activities - Non-performing Loans and Delinquencies."

Commercial Real Estate Lending.  Commercial real estate loans totaled $453.57 million, or 40.0%, of the total loan 
portfolio  at  September  30,  2020.    The  Bank  originates  commercial  real  estate  loans  generally  at  variable  interest  rates  with 
principal and interest payments fully amortizing over terms of up to 30 years.  These loans are secured by properties, such as 
office buildings, retail/wholesale facilities, mini-storage facilities, motels, nursing homes, restaurants and convenience stores, 
generally  located  in  the  Bank’s  primary  market  area.    At  September  30,  2020,  the  largest  commercial  real  estate  loan  was 
secured by a medical building in Pierce County, had a balance of $7.82 million and was performing according to its repayment 
terms.  At September 30, 2020, four commercial real estate loans totaling $858,000  were on non-accrual status.  See “Lending 
Activities - Non-performing Loans and Delinquencies.”

The Bank typically requires appraisals of properties securing commercial real estate loans.  For loans that are less than 
$250,000, the Bank may use an evaluation provided by a third party vendor in lieu of an appraisal.  Appraisals are performed by 
independent appraisers designated by the Bank.  The Bank considers the quality and location of the real estate, the credit history 
of  the  borrower,  the  cash  flow  of  the  project  and  the  quality  of  management  involved  with  the  property  when  making  these 
loans.    The  Bank  generally  imposes  a  minimum  debt  coverage  ratio  of  approximately  1.20  for  loans  secured  by  income 
producing commercial properties.  Loan-to-value ratios on commercial real estate loans are generally limited to not more than 
80%.  If the borrower is other than an individual, the Bank also generally obtains personal guarantees from the principals (with 
ownership interests of 20% or more) based on a review of personal financial statements.

Commercial real estate lending affords the Bank an opportunity to receive interest at rates higher than those generally 
available  from  one-  to  four-family  residential  lending.    However,  loans  secured  by  such  properties  usually  are  greater  in 
amount,  more  difficult  to  evaluate  and  monitor  and,  therefore,  involve  a  greater  degree  of  risk  than  one-  to  four-family 
residential  mortgage  loans.    Because  payments  on  loans  secured  by  commercial  properties  often  depend  upon  the  successful 
operation and management of the properties, repayment of these loans may be affected by adverse conditions in the real estate 
market or the economy.  The Bank seeks to minimize these risks by generally limiting the maximum loan-to-value ratio to 80% 
and  scrutinizing  the  financial  condition  of  the  borrower,  the  quality  of  the  collateral  and  the  management  of  the  property 
securing the loan.  The Bank also generally requests annual financial information and rent rolls on the subject property from the 
borrowers on loans over $750,000.

Construction  Lending.      The  Bank  currently  originates  two  types  of  residential  construction  loans:    (i)  custom 
construction and owner/builder construction loans and (ii) speculative construction loans.  The Bank believes that its lengthy 
experience  in  providing  residential  construction  loans  has  enabled  it  to  establish  processing  and  disbursement  procedures  to 
meet the needs of its borrowers while reducing many of the risks inherent with construction lending.  The Bank also originates 

9

construction loans for multi-family properties, commercial properties, and land development projects.  The Bank's construction 
loans generally provide for the payment of interest only during the construction phase, which is billed monthly, although during 
the term of some construction loans no payment from the borrower is required since the accumulated interest is added to the 
principal of the loan through an interest reserve.  At September 30, 2020, the Bank's construction loans totaled $219.50 million, 
or 19.4% of the Bank's total loan portfolio, including undisbursed loans in process of $100.56 million.  All construction loans 
were performing according to their repayment terms at September 30, 2020.  See "Lending Activities - Non-performing Loans 
and Delinquencies."

At September 30, 2020 and 2019, the composition of the Bank’s construction loan portfolio was as follows:

Custom and owner/builder 
Speculative one- to four-family
Commercial real estate
Multi-family 
Land development
Total

At September 30,

2020

2019

Outstanding
Balance

$  129,572 
14,592 
33,144 
34,476 
7,712 
$  219,496 

Percent of
Outstanding
Balance
Total
(Dollars in thousands)

 59.03%  $  128,848 
16,445 
 6.65 
39,566 
 15.10 
36,263 
 15.71 
2,404 
 3.51 
 100.00%  $  223,526 

Percent of
Total

 57.64% 
 7.36 
 17.70 
 16.22 
 1.08 
 100.00% 

Custom  and  owner/builder  construction  loans  are  originated  to  home  owners  and  are  typically  converted  to  or 
refinanced into permanent loans at the completion of construction.  The construction phase of these loans generally lasts up to 
12 months with fixed interest rates typically ranging from 4.50% to 6.50% and with loan-to-value ratios of 80% (or up to 95% 
with PMI) of the appraised estimated value of the completed property.  At the completion of construction, the loan is converted 
to  or  refinanced  into  either  a  fixed-rate  mortgage  loan,  which  conforms  to  secondary  market  standards,  or  an  ARM  loan  for 
retention in the Bank’s portfolio.  At September 30, 2020, custom and owner/builder construction loans totaled $129.57 million, 
or  59.0%  of  the  total  construction  loan  portfolio.    At  September  30,  2020,  the  largest  outstanding  custom  and  owner/builder 
construction  loan  had  an  outstanding  balance  of  $6.60  million  (including  $53,000  of  undisbursed  loans  in  process)  and  was 
performing according to its repayment terms. 

Speculative one- to four-family construction loans are made to home builders and are termed “speculative” because the 
home builder does not have, at the time of loan origination, a signed contract with a home buyer who has a commitment for 
permanent financing with either the Bank or another lender for the finished home.  The home buyer may be identified either 
during or after the construction period, with the risk that the builder will have to debt service the speculative construction loan 
and  pay  real  estate  taxes  and  other  carrying  costs  of  the  completed  home  for  a  significant  time  after  the  completion  of 
construction  until  the  home  buyer  is  identified  and  a  sale  is  consummated.    Rather  than  originating  lines  of  credit  to  home 
builders  to  construct  several  homes  at  once,  the  Bank  generally  originates  and  underwrites  a  separate  loan  for  each 
home.    Speculative  construction  loans  are  generally  originated  for  a  term  of  12  months,  with  current  rates  generally  ranging 
from 5.00% to 6.50%, and with a loan-to-value ratio of no more than 80% of the appraised  value of the completed property.  At 
September 30, 2020, speculative one- to four-family construction loans totaled $14.59 million, or 6.7% of the total construction 
loan portfolio.  At September 30, 2020, the largest aggregate outstanding balance to one borrower for speculative one- to four-
family construction loans totaled $3.05 million (including $2.18 million of undisbursed loans in process) and was comprised of 
eleven loans that were performing according to their repayment terms.  

The Bank also provides construction financing for multi-family and commercial properties.  At September 30, 2020, 
these  loans  amounted  to  $67.62  million,  or  30.8%,  of  construction  loan  balances  compared  to  $75.83  million,  or  33.9%,  of 
construction loan balances at September 30, 2019.  These loans are typically secured by apartment buildings, condominiums, 
mini-storage  facilities,  office  buildings,  hotels  and  retail  rental  space  predominantly  located  in  the  Bank’s  primary  market 
area.    At  September  30,  2020,  the  largest  outstanding  multi-family  construction  loan  for  $8.03  million  was  secured  by  an 
apartment building project in Thurston County which had not yet commenced construction.  At September 30, 2020, the largest 
outstanding commercial real estate construction loan was secured by an assisted living facility project in Salem, Oregon and had 
a  balance  of  $5.31  million  with  no  remaining  undisbursed  funds  available.    This  loan  was  performing  according  to  its 
repayment terms at September 30, 2020. 

All construction loans must be approved by a member of one of the Bank’s Loan Committees or the Bank’s Board of 
Directors, or in the case of one- to four-family construction loans that meet Freddie Mac guidelines, by the Regional Manager 
of Community Lending, the Loan Department Supervisor or a Bank underwriter. See “- Lending Activities - Loan Solicitation 

10

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
and  Processing.”    Prior  to  approval  of  any  construction  loan  application,  an  independent  fee  appraiser  inspects  the  site  and 
prepares an appraisal on an "as completed" basis and the Bank reviews the existing or proposed improvements, identifies the 
market for the proposed project and analyzes the pro-forma data and assumptions on the project.  In the case of a speculative or 
custom  construction  loan,  the  Bank  reviews  the  experience  and  expertise  of  the  builder.    After  this  preliminary  review,  the 
application is processed, which includes obtaining credit reports, financial statements and tax returns or verification of income 
on the borrowers and guarantors, an independent appraisal of the project, and any other expert reports necessary to evaluate the 
proposed project.  In the event of cost overruns, the Bank generally requires that the borrower increase the funds available for 
construction  by  paying  the  cost  of  such  overruns  directly  or  by  depositing  its  own  funds  into  a  secured  savings  account,  the 
proceeds  of  which  are  used  to  pay  construction  costs,  or  to  the  extent  available  authorizes  disbursements  from  a  loan 
contingency line in the construction budget.

Loan disbursements during the construction period are made to the builder, materials supplier or subcontractor, based 
on  a  line  item  budget.    Periodic  on-site  inspections  are  made  by  qualified  independent  inspectors  to  document  the 
reasonableness of draw requests.  For most builders, the Bank disburses loan funds by providing vouchers to borrowers, which 
when used by the borrower to purchase supplies are submitted by the supplier to the Bank for payment.

The  Bank  originates  construction  loan  applications  primarily  through  customer  referrals,  contacts  in  the  business 

community and occasionally real estate brokers seeking financing for their clients.

Construction lending affords the Bank the opportunity to achieve higher interest rates and fees with shorter terms to 
maturity  than  does  its  single-family  permanent  mortgage  lending.    Construction  lending,  however,  is  generally  considered  to 
involve a higher degree of risk than single-family permanent mortgage lending because funds are advanced upon the collateral 
for the project based on an estimate of the costs that will produce a future value at completion.  Because of the uncertainties 
inherent in estimating construction costs, as well as the market value of the completed project and the effects of governmental 
regulation on real property, it is relatively difficult to evaluate accurately the total funds required to complete a project and the 
completed  project  loan-to-value  ratio.    With  regard  to  loans  originated  to  builders  for  speculative  projects,  changes  in  the 
demand, such as for new housing and higher than anticipated building costs, may cause actual results to vary significantly from 
those  estimated.    A  downturn  in  the  housing,  or  the  real  estate  market,  could  increase  loan  delinquencies,  defaults,  and 
foreclosures, and significantly impair the value of our collateral and our ability to sell the collateral upon foreclosure.  Some 
builders who have borrowed from us to fund construction projects on a speculative basis have more than one loan outstanding 
with  us.    Consequently,  an  adverse  development  with  respect  to  one  loan  or  one  credit  relationship  can  expose  us  to  a 
significantly greater risk of loss.

In addition, during the term of many of our construction loans granted to builders who are building residential units for 
sale, no payment from the borrower is required since the accumulated interest is added to the principal of the loan through an 
interest reserve.  As a result, these loans often involve the disbursement of funds with repayment substantially dependent on the 
success  of  the  ultimate  project  and  the  ability  of  the  borrower  to  sell  or  lease  the  property  or  obtain  permanent  take-out 
financing, rather than the ability of the borrower or guarantor to repay principal and interest. If our appraisal of the value of a 
completed project proves to be overstated, we may have inadequate security for the repayment of the loan upon completion of 
construction of the project and may incur a loss. Because construction loans require active monitoring of the building process, 
including  cost  comparisons  and  on-site  inspections,  these  loans  are  more  difficult  and  costly  to  monitor.  Increases  in  market 
rates of interest may have a more pronounced effect on construction loans by rapidly increasing the end-purchasers' borrowing 
costs, thereby reducing the overall demand for the project. Properties under construction are often difficult to sell and typically 
must  be  completed  in  order  to  be  successfully  sold  which  also  complicates  the  process  of  working  out  problem  construction 
loans.    This  may  require  us  to  advance  additional  funds  and/or  contract  with  another  builder  to  complete  construction.  
Furthermore, in the case of speculative construction loans, there is an added risk associated with identifying an end-purchaser 
for the finished project.  

The  Bank  historically  originated  loans  to  real  estate  developers  with  whom  it  had  established  relationships  for  the 
purpose of developing residential subdivisions (i.e., installing roads, sewers, water and other utilities; generally with ten to 50 
lots). At September 30, 2020, land development loans totaled $7.71 million, or 3.5% of the total construction loan portfolio.  
Currently, the Bank is originating land development loans on a limited basis.  Land development loans are secured by a lien on 
the  property  and  typically  are  made  for  a  period  of  two  to  five  years  with  fixed  or  variable  interest  rates,  with  loan-to-value 
ratios generally not exceeding 75%.  Land development loans are generally structured so that the Bank is repaid in full upon the 
sale by the borrower of approximately 80% of the subdivision lots.  In addition, in the case of a corporate borrower, the Bank 
also generally obtains personal guarantees from corporate principals (with ownership interests in the borrowing entity of 20% 
or more) and reviews their personal financial statements.  Land development loans secured by land under development involve 
greater  risks  than  one-  to  four-family  residential  mortgage  loans  because  these  loan  funds  are  advanced  upon  the  predicted 
future value of the developed property upon completion.  If the estimate of the future value proves to be inaccurate, in the event 
of  default  and  foreclosure  the  Bank  may  be  confronted  with  a  property  the  value  of  which  is  insufficient  to  assure  full 

11

repayment.  The Bank has historically attempted to minimize this risk by generally limiting the maximum loan-to-value ratio on 
land and land development loans to 75% of the estimated developed value of the secured property.  

Land Lending. The Bank originates loans for the acquisition of land upon which the purchaser can then build or make 
improvements necessary to build or to use for recreational purposes.  At September 30, 2020, land loans totaled $25.57 million, 
or  2.3%,  of  the  Bank’s  total  loan  portfolio.    Land  loans  originated  by  the  Bank  generally  have  maturities  of  one  to  ten 
years.    The  largest  land  loan  is  secured  by  land  in  Clark  County,  had  an  outstanding  balance  of  $1.70  million  and  was 
performing according to its repayment terms at September 30, 2020.  At September 30, 2020, three land loans totaling $394,000 
were on non-accrual status.  See “Lending Activities - Non-performing Loans and Delinquencies.”

Loans  secured  by  undeveloped  land  or  improved  lots  involve  greater  risks  than  one-  to  four-family  residential 
mortgage loans because these loans are more difficult to evaluate.  If the estimate of value proves to be inaccurate, in the event 
of  default  and  foreclosure  the  Bank  may  be  confronted  with  a  property  the  value  of  which  is  insufficient  to  assure  full 
repayment.  Land loans also pose additional risk because of the lack of income being produced by the property and potential 
illiquid  nature  of  the  collateral.    These  risks  can  be  significantly  impacted  by  supply  and  demand  conditions.    The  Bank 
attempts to minimize these risks by generally limiting the maximum loan-to-value ratio on land loans to 75%.

Consumer Lending.  Consumer loans generally have shorter terms to maturity and may have higher interest rates than 
mortgage  loans.    Consumer  loans  include  home  equity  lines  of  credit,  second  mortgage  loans,  savings  account  loans, 
automobile loans, boat loans, motorcycle loans, recreational vehicle loans and unsecured loans.  Consumer loans are made with 
both  fixed  and  variable  interest  rates  and  with  varying  terms.    At  September  30,  2020,  consumer  loans  amounted  to  $35.65 
million, or 3.1%, of the Bank's total loan portfolio.

At September 30, 2020, the largest component of the consumer loan portfolio consisted of second mortgage loans and 
home  equity  lines  of  credit,  which  totaled  $32.08  million,  or  2.8%,  of  the  Bank's  total  loan  portfolio.    Home  equity  lines  of 
credit and second mortgage loans are made for purposes such as the improvement of residential properties, debt consolidation 
and education expenses, among others.  The majority of these loans are made to existing customers and are secured by a first or 
second mortgage on residential property.  The loan-to-value ratio is typically 90% or less, when taking into account both the 
first and second mortgage loans.  Second mortgage loans typically carry fixed interest rates with a fixed payment over a term 
between  five  and  15  years.    Home  equity  lines  of  credit  are  generally  made  at  interest  rates  tied  to  the  Prime  Rate.    Second 
mortgage loans and home equity lines of credit have greater credit risk than one- to four-family residential mortgage loans in 
which the Bank is in the first lien position because they are generally secured by mortgages subordinated to the existing first 
mortgage on the property.  For those second mortgage loans and home equity lines credit which the Bank does not hold the 
existing first mortgage on the property, it is unlikely that the Bank will be successful in recovering all or a portion of the loan 
balance in the event of default unless the Bank is prepared to repay the first mortgage loan and such repayment and the costs 
associated with a foreclosure are justified by the value of the property.

Consumer loans entail greater risk than do residential mortgage loans, particularly in the case of consumer loans that 
are  unsecured  or  secured  by  rapidly  depreciating  assets  such  as  automobiles.    In  such  cases,  any  repossessed  collateral  for  a 
defaulted consumer loan may not provide an adequate source of repayment of the outstanding loan balance as a result of the 
greater  likelihood  of  damage,  loss  or  depreciation.    The  remaining  deficiency  often  does  not  warrant  further  substantial 
collection  efforts  against  the  borrower  beyond  obtaining  a  deficiency  judgment.    In  addition,  consumer  loan  collections  are 
dependent  on  the  borrower’s  continuing  financial  stability  and  are  more  likely  to  be  adversely  affected  by  job  loss,  divorce, 
illness  or  personal  bankruptcy.    Furthermore,  the  application  of  various  federal  and  state  laws,  including  federal  and  state 
bankruptcy and insolvency laws, may limit the amount that can be recovered on such loans.  The Bank believes that these risks 
are not as prevalent in the case of the Bank’s consumer loan portfolio because a large percentage of the portfolio consists of 
second mortgage loans and home equity lines of credit that are underwritten in a manner such that they result in credit risk that 
is  substantially  similar  to  one-  to  four-family  residential  mortgage  loans.    At  September  30,  2020,  seven  consumer  loans 
totaling $564,000 were on non-accrual status.  See “Lending Activities - Non-performing Loans and Delinquencies.”

Commercial Business Lending.  Commercial business loans (excluding SBA PPP loans) totaled $69.54 million, or 
6.1%, of the loan portfolio at September 30, 2020.  Commercial business loans are generally secured by business equipment, 
accounts  receivable,  inventory  and/or  other  property  and  are  made  at  variable  rates  of  interest  equal  to  a  negotiated  margin 
above the Prime Rate.  The Bank also generally obtains personal guarantees from the principals based on a review of personal 
financial statements.  The largest commercial business loan had an outstanding balance of $2.33 million at September 30, 2020 
and was performing according to its repayment terms.  At September 30, 2020, six commercial business loans totaling $430,000 
were on non-accrual status.  See “Lending Activities - Non-performing Loans and Delinquencies.” 

The  Bank  has  increased  commercial  business  loan  originations  made  under  the  U.S.  Small  Business  Administration 
("SBA")  7(a)  program.    Loans  made  by  the  Bank  under  the  SBA  7(a)  program  generally  are  made  to  small  businesses  to 

12

provide working capital or to provide funding for the purchase of businesses, real estate, or equipment.  These loans generally 
are  secured  by  a  combination  of  assets  that  may  include  equipment,  receivables,  inventory,  business  real  property,  and 
sometimes a lien on the personal residence of the borrower.  The terms of these loans vary by purpose and type of underlying 
collateral.  The loans are primarily underwritten on the basis of the borrower's ability to service the loan from income.  Under 
the SBA 7(a) program the loans carry a SBA guaranty for up to 85% of the loan.  Typical maturities for this type of loan vary 
but can be up to ten years.  SBA 7(a) loans are all adjustable rate loans based on the Prime Rate.  Under the SBA 7(a) program, 
the  Bank  can  sell  in  the  secondary  market  the  guaranteed  portion  of  its  SBA  7(a)  loans  and  retain  the  related  unguaranteed 
portion of these loans, as well as the servicing on such loans, for which it is paid a fee.  The loan servicing spread is generally a 
minimum  of  1.00%  on  all  SBA  7(a)  loans.    The  Bank  generally  offers  SBA  7(a)  loans  within  a  range  of  $50,000  to  $1.50 
million. 

Within Timberland's commercial business loan portfolio are restaurant loans totaling $16.82 million at September 30, 
2020 that were originated in conjunction with a third party firm.  As additional security for these loans, the Company holds cash 
collateral  of  25%  of  the  outstanding  loan  balance.    Unless  prior  arrangements  are  made,  and  the  Company  consents,  loans 
falling more than four weeks delinquent are eligible for purchase in accordance with a Marketing and Servicing Agreement in 
existence  since  March  6,  2014.    As  an  accommodation,  the  Company  has  agreed  to  temporarily  extend  the  purchase 
requirement  to 12 weeks before a purchase is required from the loan portfolio. 

Commercial business lending generally involves greater risk than residential mortgage lending and involves risks that 
are  different  from  those  associated  with  residential  and  commercial  real  estate  lending.    Real  estate  lending  is  generally 
considered to be collateral based lending with loan amounts based on predetermined loan to collateral values, and liquidation of 
the underlying real estate collateral is viewed as the primary source of repayment in the event of borrower default.  Although 
commercial business loans are often collateralized by equipment, inventory, accounts receivable and/or other business assets, 
the  liquidation  of  collateral  in  the  event  of  a  borrower  default  is  often  an  insufficient  source  of  repayment  because  accounts 
receivable  may  be  uncollectible  and  inventories  and  equipment  may  be  obsolete  or  of  limited  use,  among  other 
things.  Accordingly, the repayment of a commercial business loan depends primarily on the creditworthiness of the borrower 
(and any guarantors), while liquidation of collateral is a secondary and often insufficient source of repayment.

SBA PPP Lending. The CARES Act authorized the SBA to temporarily guarantee loans under a new loan program 
called the Paycheck Protection Program.  As a qualified SBA lender, the Company was automatically authorized to originate 
PPP loans upon commencement of the program in April 2020 through its conclusion on August 8, 2020.  PPP loans have: (a) an 
interest rate of 1.0%, (b) a two-year loan term to maturity for loans approved by the SBA prior to June 5, 2020 and a five-year 
maturity for loans approved thereafter, and (c) principal and interest payments deferred for at least six months from the date of 
disbursement.    The  SBA  guarantees  100%  of  the  PPP  loans  made  to  eligible  borrowers.    The  entire  principal  amount  of  the 
borrower's PPP loan, including any accrued interest, is eligible to be forgiven and repaid by the SBA.  SBA PPP loans totaled 
$126.82 million, or 11.2% of the loan portfolio at September 30, 2020.  The largest SBA PPP loan had an outstanding balance 
of $4.56 million at September 30, 2020. 

Loan Maturity.  The following table sets forth certain information at September 30, 2020 regarding the dollar amount 
of loans maturing in the Bank’s portfolio based on their contractual terms to maturity but does not include scheduled payments 
or potential prepayments.  Loans having no stated maturity and overdrafts are reported as due in one year or less.

13

After
1 Year
Through
3 Years

Within
1 Year

After
After
5 Years
3 Years
Through
Through
10 Years
5 Years
(Dollars in thousands)

After
10 Years

Total

643  $ 
276 
22,599 
219,496 
14,427 

3,679  $ 
6,282 
37,062 
— 
5,162 

10,970  $ 
9,194 
49,491 
— 
3,112 

37,788  $ 
59,801 
334,000 
— 
1,823 

65,500  $  118,580 
85,053 
9,500 
453,574 
10,422 
219,496 
— 
25,571 
1,047 

4,910 
998 
10,805 
— 

5,216 
239 
23,079 
120,898 

$  274,154  $  201,617  $ 

4,030 
296 
7,178 
5,922 
90,193  $  469,304  $ 

10,949 
640 
24,303 
— 

6,972 
1,399 
4,175 
— 
99,015 

32,077 
3,572 
69,540 
126,820 
  1,134,283 

(100,558) 
(6,436) 
(13,414) 
  $  1,013,875 

$ 

Mortgage loans:
One- to four-family 
Multi-family
Commercial
Construction (1)
Land
Consumer loans:
Home equity and second mortgage  
Other
Commercial business 
SBA PPP 
Total

Less:
Undisbursed portion of 

construction loans in process
Deferred loan origination fees, net
Allowance for loan losses

Total loans receivable, net

_____________
(1) 
loans once construction is completed.

Includes $129.57 million of construction/permanent loans, a portion of which may convert to permanent mortgage 

The following table sets forth the dollar amount of all loans due after one year from September 30, 2020, which have 

fixed interest rates and have floating or adjustable interest rates:

Mortgage loans:
One- to four-family 
Multi-family
Commercial
Land
Consumer loans:
Home equity and second mortgage
Other
Commercial business 
SBA PPP 
Total

Fixed
Rates

Floating or
Adjustable 
Rates
 (Dollars in thousands)

Total

$ 

37,786  $ 

6,468 
107,843 
7,257 

80,151  $  117,937 
84,777 
78,309 
430,975 
323,132 
11,144 
3,887 

7,474 
1,429 
24,020 
126,820 

27,167 
2,574 
58,735 
126,820 
$  319,097  $  541,032  $  860,129 

19,693 
1,145 
34,715 
— 

Scheduled contractual principal repayments of loans do not reflect the actual life of these assets.  The average life of 
loans  is  substantially  less  than  their  contractual  terms  because  of  prepayments.    In  addition,  due-on-sale  clauses  on  loans 
generally  give  the  Bank  the  right  to  declare  loans  immediately  due  and  payable  in  the  event,  among  other  things,  that  the 
borrower sells the real property subject to the mortgage and the loan is not repaid.  The average life of mortgage loans tends to 
increase when current mortgage loan interest rates are substantially higher than interest rates on existing mortgage loans and, 
conversely, decrease when interest rates on existing mortgage loans are substantially higher than current mortgage loan interest 
rates.

Loan  Solicitation  and  Processing.    Loan  originations  are  obtained  from  a  variety  of  sources,  including  walk-in 
customers and referrals from builders and realtors.  Upon receipt of a loan application from a prospective borrower, a credit 
report and other data are obtained to verify specific information relating to the loan applicant’s employment, income and credit 

14

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
standing.  An appraisal of the real estate offered as collateral generally is undertaken by a certified appraiser retained by the 
Bank.

Loan applications are initiated by loan officers and are required to be approved by an authorized loan officer or Bank 
underwriter, one of the Bank’s Loan Committees or the Bank’s Board of Directors.  The Bank’s Consumer Loan Committee 
consists of several underwriters, each of whom can approve one- to four-family mortgage loans and other consumer loans up to 
and including the current Freddie Mac single-family limit.  Loan officers may also be granted individual approval authority for 
certain loans up to a maximum of $250,000.  The approval authority for individual loan officers is granted on a case by case 
basis by the Bank's Chief Credit Administrator or President.  All construction loans must be approved by a member of one of 
the Bank's Loan Committees or the Bank's Board of Directors, or in the case of one- to four- family construction loans that meet 
Freddie  Mac  guidelines,  by  the  Regional  Manager  of  Community  Lending,  the  Loan  Department  Supervisor  or  a  Bank 
underwriter,  subject  to  their  individual  or  Loan  Committee  loan  limit.    The  Bank’s  Commercial  Loan  Committee,  which 
consists of the Bank’s President, Chief Credit Administrator, Executive Vice President of Lending, a commercial underwriter, 
and two Senior Vice Presidents of Commercial Lending, may approve commercial real estate loans and commercial business 
loans  up  to  and  including  $3.00  million.  The  Bank’s  President,  Chief  Credit  Administrator  and  Executive  Vice  President  of 
Lending also have individual lending authority for loans up to and including $750,000.  The Bank’s Board Loan Committee, 
which consists of two rotating non-employee Directors and the Bank’s President, may approve loans up to and including $5.00 
million.  Loans in excess of $5.00 million, as well as loans of any amount granted to a single borrower whose aggregate loans 
exceed $5.00 million, must be approved by the Bank’s Board of Directors. 

Loan Originations, Purchases and Sales.  During the years ended September 30, 2020, 2019 and 2018, the Bank’s 
total gross loan originations were $597.19 million, $356.04 million and $329.59 million, respectively.  Periodically, the Bank 
purchases  loan  participation  interests  in  construction,  commercial  real  estate  and  multi-family  loans,  secured  by  properties 
generally  located  in  Washington  State,  from  other  banks.    These  participation  loans  are  underwritten  in  accordance  with  the 
Bank’s  underwriting  guidelines  and  are  without  recourse  to  the  seller  other  than  for  fraud.    During  the  years  ended 
September 30, 2020, the Bank did not purchase any loan participation interests.  During the years ended September 30, 2019 
and 2018, the Bank purchased loan participation interests of $8.66 million and $8.40 million, respectively. 

Consistent with its asset/liability management strategy, the Bank’s policy generally is to retain in its portfolio all ARM 
loans originated and to sell fixed rate one- to four-family mortgage loans in the secondary market to Freddie Mac; however, 
from time to time, a portion of fixed-rate loans may be retained in the Bank’s portfolio to meet its asset-liability objectives.  The 
Bank also began selling the guaranteed portion of some of its SBA 7(a) loans in the secondary market during the year ended 
September 30, 2016.  Loans sold in the secondary market are generally sold on a servicing retained basis.  At September 30, 
2020,  the  Bank’s  loan  servicing  portfolio,  which  is  not  included  in  the  Company’s  consolidated  financial  statements,  totaled 
$426.58 million.

The Bank also periodically sells participation interests in construction loans, commercial real estate loans, multi-family 
and commercial business loans to other lenders.  These sales are usually made to avoid concentrations in a particular loan type 
or concentrations to a particular borrower and to generate fee income.  During the years ended September 30, 2020, 2019 and 
2018, the Bank sold loan participation interests of $6.26 million, $5.43 million and $253,000, respectively.

15

The following table shows total loans originated, purchased, sold and repaid during the periods indicated. 

Loans originated:
Mortgage loans:
   One- to four-family
   Multi-family
   Commercial
   Construction 
   Land
Consumer
Commercial business loans
SBA PPP loans
Total loans originated

Loans acquired in the South Sound Acquisition (net of fair value discount)
Mortgage loans:
   One- to four-family
   Multi-family
   Commercial
   Construction 
Consumer
Commercial business loans
Total loans acquired

Loans and loan participations purchased:
Mortgage loans:
   Commercial
   Construction 
Commercial business

Total loans purchased

Total loans originated, acquired and purchased

Loans sold:
Loan participation interests sold
Whole loans sold
Total loans sold

Loan principal repayments
Other items, net
Net increase in loans receivable

2020

Year Ended September 30,
2019
(Dollars in thousands)

2018

$  172,838  $ 
12,237 
74,927 
158,366 
4,955 
19,259 
27,071 
127,535 
597,188 

91,669  $ 
12,503 
48,040 
160,693 
9,540 
20,999 
12,591 
— 
356,035 

81,313 
10,362 
68,443 
125,683 
16,300 
20,151 
7,339 
— 
329,591 

— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 

— 
— 
— 
— 
597,188 

10,190 
7,807 
64,967 
11,730 
3,918 
22,932 
121,544 

2,946 
5,717 
— 
8,663 
486,242 

— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 

— 
7,548 
855 
8,403 
337,994 

(6,255)   
(160,987)   
(167,242)   

(5,431)   
(67,600)   
(73,031)   

(253) 
(66,131) 
(66,384) 

(287,039)   
(15,694)   

(241,656)   
(10,284)   

$  127,213  $  161,271  $ 

(235,609) 
(974) 
35,027 

Loan  Origination  Fees.    The  Bank  receives  loan  origination  fees  on  many  of  its  mortgage  loans  and  commercial 
business loans.  Loan fees are a percentage of the loan which are charged to the borrower for funding the loan.  The amount of 
fees  charged  by  the  Bank  (excluding  SBA  PPP  loans)  is  generally  up  to  2.0%  of  the  loan  amount.    In  addition  to  the  1.0% 
interest earned on SBA PPP loans, the SBA pays bank fees for processing PPP loans in the following amounts:  (i) five percent 
of  loans  of  not  more  than  $350,000;  (ii)  three  percent  for  loans  more  than  $350,000  and  less  than  $2,000,000;  and  (iii)  one 
percent of loans of at least $2,000,000.  Banks may not collect any fees from the SBA PPP loan applicants.

  Accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("GAAP") require fees received and certain 
loan  origination  costs  for  originating  loans  to  be  deferred  and  amortized  into  interest  income  over  the  contractual  life  of  the 
loan.    Net  deferred  fees  or  costs  associated  with  loans  that  are  prepaid  are  recognized  as  income/expense  at  the  time  of 
prepayment.  Unamortized net deferred loan origination fees totaled $6.44 million (including $3.72 million for SBA PPP loans) 
at September 30, 2020.

Non-performing Loans and Delinquencies.  The Bank assesses late fees or penalty charges on delinquent loans of 
approximately 5% of the monthly loan payment amount.  A majority of loan payments are due on the first day of the month; 
however, the borrower is given a 15 day grace period to make the loan payment.  When a mortgage loan borrower fails to make 

16

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
a required payment when due, the Bank institutes collection procedures. A notice is mailed to the borrower 16 days after the 
date  the  payment  is  due.    Attempts  to  contact  the  borrower  by  telephone  generally  begin  on  or  before  the  30th  day  of 
delinquency.    If  a  satisfactory  response  is  not  obtained,  continuous  follow-up  contacts  are  attempted  until  the  loan  has  been 
brought  current.    Before  the  90th  day  of  delinquency,  attempts  are  made  to  establish  (i)  the  cause  of  the  delinquency,  (ii) 
whether  the  cause  is  temporary,  (iii)  the  attitude  of  the  borrower  toward  repaying  the  debt,  and  (iv)  a  mutually  satisfactory 
arrangement for curing the default.

If the borrower is chronically delinquent and all reasonable means of obtaining payment on time have been exhausted, 
foreclosure  is  initiated  according  to  the  terms  of  the  security  instrument  and  applicable  law.    Interest  income  on  loans  in 
foreclosure is reduced by the full amount of accrued and uncollected interest.

When a consumer loan borrower or commercial business borrower fails to make a required payment on a loan by the 
payment due date, the Bank institutes similar collection procedures as for its mortgage loan borrowers.  All loans becoming 90 
days or more past due are placed on non-accrual status, with any accrued interest reversed against interest income, unless they 
are well secured and in the process of collection.

The Bank’s Board of Directors is updated monthly as to the status of loans that are delinquent by more than 30 days 

and the status of all foreclosed and repossessed property owned by the Bank.

In late March 2020, the Bank announced loan modification programs to support and provide relief for its borrowers 
during  the  COVID-19  pandemic.    Loans  subject  to  payment  forbearance  under  the  Bank's  COVID-19  loan  modification 
program are not reported as delinquent during the forbearance time period.  For additional information, see "COVID-19 Loan 
Modifications" below.

The following table sets forth information with respect to the Company's non-performing assets at the dates indicated:

Loans accounted for on a non-accrual basis:
Mortgage loans:

 One- to four-family (1)
 Commercial
 Construction 
 Land

Consumer loans
Commercial business loans

Total

Accruing loans which are contractually past due 90 

days or more

Total of non-accrual and 90 days or more past due loans

Non-accrual investment securities

Other real estate owned and other repossessed assets (2)

Total non-performing assets (3)

Troubled debt restructured loans on accrual status (4)

Non-accrual and 90 days or more past due loans as a 

percentage of loans receivable, net (5)

Non-accrual and 90 days or more past due loans as a 

percentage of total assets

Non-performing assets as a percentage of total assets

2020

2019

At September 30,
2018
(Dollars in thousands)

2017

2016

$ 

$ 

$ 

659 
858 
— 
394 
564 
430 
2,905 

— 
2,905 

209 

1,050 
4,164 

2,868 

$ 

$ 

$ 

699 
779 
— 
204 
626 
725 
3,033 

— 
3,033 

294 

1,683 
5,010 

2,903 

$ 

$ 

$ 

545 
— 
— 
243 
359 
170 
1,317 

— 
1,317 

406 

1,913 
3,636 

2,955 

$ 

$ 

$ 

874 
213 
— 
566 
258 
— 
1,911 

— 
1,911 

533 

3,301 
5,745 

3,342 

$ 

$ 

$ 

914 
612 
367 
548 
432 
— 
2,873 

135 
3,008 

734 

4,117 
7,859 

7,629 

 0.28% 

 0.34% 

 0.18% 

 0.27% 

 0.45% 

 0.19% 

 0.27% 

 0.24% 

 0.13% 

 0.20% 

 0.34% 

 0.40% 

 0.36% 

 0.60% 

 0.88% 

Loans receivable, net (5)
Total assets

$ 1,027,289 
$ 1,565,978 

$  896,352 
$ 1,247,132 

$  734,921 
$ 1,018,290 

$  699,917 
$  952,024 

$  672,972 
$  891,388 

17

_______________
(1)

Includes non-accrual one- to four-family properties in the process of foreclosure totaling $0, $150, 
$0, $100 and $138 as of September 30, 2020, 2019, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. 
Includes foreclosed residential real estate property totaling $0, $0, $0, $875 and $1,071
as of September 30, 2020, 2019, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. 
Does not include troubled debt restructured loans on accrual status.
Does not include troubled debt restructured loans totaling $203, $366, $323, $253 and $531
recorded as non-accrual loans as of September 30, 2020, 2019, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively.
Loans receivable, net for this table includes the deductions for the undisbursed portion of construction loans in process
and deferred loan origination fees and does not include the deduction for the allowance for loan losses.

(2)

(3)
(4)

(5)

The Bank’s non-accrual loans decreased by $128,000 to $2.91 million at September 30, 2020 from $3.03 million at 
September 30, 2019, primarily as a result of a $295,000 decrease in commercial business loans, a $62,000 decrease in consumer 
loans,  and  a  $40,000  decrease  in  one-  to  four-family  mortgage  loans,  on  non-accrual  status.  These  decreases  were  partially 
offset by a $190,000 increase in land loans and a $79,000 increase on commercial real estate loans on non-accrual status.  A 
discussion of the Bank's largest non-performing loans is set forth below under “Asset Classification.”

Additional interest income which would have been recorded for the year ended September 30, 2020 had non-accruing 

loans been current in accordance with their original terms totaled $574,000.

Other  Real  Estate  Owned  and  Other  Repossessed  Assets.    Real  estate  acquired  by  the  Bank  as  a  result  of 
foreclosure or by deed-in-lieu of foreclosure is classified as other real estate owned (“OREO”) until sold.  When property is 
acquired, it is recorded at the estimated fair market value less estimated costs to sell.  At September 30, 2020, the Bank had 
$1.05 million of OREO and other repossessed assets, a decrease of $633,000 from $1.68 million at September 30, 2019.  The 
OREO properties consisted of six land parcels totaling $1.05 million at September 30, 2020.  The largest OREO property at 
September 30, 2020 was an undeveloped land parcel with a balance of $702,000 located in Lewis County.

Restructured Loans.  Under GAAP, the Bank is required to account for certain loan modifications or restructurings 
as “troubled debt restructurings” or "troubled debt restructured loans."  A troubled debt restructured loan ("TDR") is a loan for 
which  the  Company,  for  reasons  related  to  a  borrower's  financial  difficulties,  grants  a  concession  to  the  borrower  that  the 
Company would not otherwise consider.  Examples of such concessions include but are not limited to: a reduction in the stated 
interest rate; an extension of the maturity at an interest rate below current market rates; a reduction in the face amount of the 
debt; a reduction in the accrued interest; or re-amortizations, extensions, deferrals and renewals.  TDRs are considered impaired 
and are individually evaluated for impairment.  TDRs are classified as either accrual or non-accrual.  TDRs are classified as 
non-performing  loans  unless  they  have  been  performing  in  accordance  with  their  modified  terms  for  a  period  of  at  least  six 
months. The Bank had TDRs at September 30, 2020 and 2019 totaling $3.07 million and $3.27 million, respectively, of which 
$203,000  and  $366,000,  respectively,  were  on  non-accrual  status.    The  allowance  for  loan  losses  allocated  to  TDR  loans  at 
September  30,  2020  and  2019  was  $3,000  and  $56,000,  respectively.    As  previously  noted,  in  late  March  2020,  the  Bank 
announced  COVID-19  loan  modification  programs  to  support  and  provide  relief  for  its  borrowers  during  the  COVID-19 
pandemic.    The  Company  has  followed  the  CARES  Act  and  interagency  guidance  from  the  federal  banking  agencies  when 
determining if a borrower's modification is subject to TDR classification.  See "COVID-19 Loan Modifications" below.

Impaired  Loans.  In  accordance  with  GAAP,  a  loan  is  considered  impaired  when  based  on  current  information  and 
events  it  is  probable  that  a  creditor  will  be  unable  to  collect  all  amounts  (principal  and  interest)  when  due  according  to  the 
contractual terms of the loan agreement.  Smaller balance homogeneous loans, such as residential mortgage loans and consumer 
loans,  may  be  collectively  evaluated  for  impairment.  When  a  loan  has  been  identified  as  being  impaired,  the  amount  of  the 
impairment is measured by using discounted cash flows, except when, as an alternative, the current estimated fair value of the 
collateral, reduced  by  estimated  costs  to sell (if applicable), or observable  market  price  is used.   The valuation of  real  estate 
collateral  is  subjective  in  nature  and  may  be  adjusted  in  future  periods  because  of  changes  in  economic  conditions.  
Management  considers  third-party  appraisals,  as  well  as  independent  fair  market  value  assessments  from  realtors  or  persons 
involved in selling real estate, in determining the estimated fair value of particular properties.  In addition, as certain of these 
third-party  appraisals  and  independent  fair  market  value  assessments  are  only  updated  periodically,  changes  in  the  values  of 
specific properties may have occurred subsequent to the most recent appraisals.  Accordingly, the amounts of any such potential 
changes and any related adjustments are generally recorded at the time such information is received. When the measurement of 
the impaired loan is less than the recorded investment in the loan (including accrued interest and net deferred loan origination 
fees or costs), impairment is recognized by creating or adjusting an allocation of the allowance for loan losses and uncollected 
accrued interest is reversed against interest income.  If ultimate collection of principal is in doubt, all cash receipts on impaired 
loans are applied to reduce the principal balance.

18

The categories of non-accrual loans and impaired loans overlap, although they are not identical.  The Bank considers 
all circumstances regarding the loan and borrower on an individual basis when determining whether an impaired loan should be 
placed  on  non-accrual  status,  such  as  the  financial  strength  of  the  borrower,  the  collateral  value,  reasons  for  delay,  payment 
record, the amount past due and the number of days past due.  At September 30, 2020, the Bank had $5.77 million in impaired 
loans.  For additional information on impaired loans, see Note 5 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included 
in Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Other Loans of Concern.  Loans not reflected in the table above as non-performing, but where known information 
about possible credit problems of borrowers causes management to have doubts as to the ability of the borrower to comply with 
present repayment terms and that may result in disclosure of such loans as non-performing assets in the future, are commonly 
referred to as “other loans of concern” or “potential problem loans.”  The amount included in potential problem loans results 
from  an  evaluation,  on  a  loan-by-loan  basis,  of  loans  classified  as  “substandard”  and  “special  mention,”  as  those  terms  are 
defined under “Asset Classification” below.  The amount of potential problem loans (not included in the table above as non-
performing) was $6.61 million at September 30, 2020. The vast majority of these loans are collateralized by real estate.  See 
“Asset Classification” below for additional information regarding the Bank's problem loans.

COVID-19 Loan Modifications. The CARES Act provided guidance around the modification of loans as a result of 
the  COVID-19  pandemic,  which  outlined,  among  other  criteria,  that  short-term  modifications  made  on  a  good  faith  basis  to 
borrowers  who  were  current  as  defined  under  the  CARES  Act  prior  to  any  relief,  are  not  TDRs.    This  includes  short-term 
modifications  such  as  payment  deferrals,  fee  waivers,  extensions  of  repayment  terms,  or  other  delays  in  payment  that  are 
insignificant.  Borrowers are considered current under the CARES Act and related regulatory guidance if they are less than 30 
days  past  due  on  their  contractual  payments  at  the  time  a  modification  program  is  implemented.  During  the  year  ended 
September  30,  2020,  the  Company  made  COVID-19  pandemic  related  modifications  on  212  loans  aggregating  to  $136.36 
million. The majority of these borrowers had resumed making payments as of September 30, 2020 and only five loans totaling 
$5.87 million remained on deferral status as of that date.  Loan modifications in accordance with the CARES Act and related 
regulatory guidance are still subject to an evaluation in regard to determining whether or not a loan is deemed to be impaired.  
See Note 1 and Note 5 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 
10-K for additional information.

The  following  table  sets  forth  the  information  with  respect  to  loans  still  on  COVID-19  modification  status  as  of 

September 30, 2020 (dollars in thousands):

COVID-19 Loan Modifications

Mortgage loans

One- to four-family

Commercial

Construction - commercial 

Total mortgage loans

Consumer loans

Home equity and second mortgage

Total consumer loans

Total COVID-19 modifications

Number

Balance

Percent

1

2

1

4

1

1

5

$ 

$ 

467 

3,951 

1,402 

5,820 

50 

50 

5,870 

 8.0% 

 67.2 

 23.9 

 99.1 

 0.9 

 0.9 

 100.0% 

Asset Classification.  Applicable regulations require that each insured institution review and classify its assets on a 
regular  basis.    In  addition,  in  connection  with  examinations  of  insured  institutions,  regulatory  examiners  have  authority  to 
identify  problem  assets  and,  if  appropriate,  require  them  to  be  classified.    There  are  three  classifications  for  problem 
assets:  substandard, doubtful and loss.  Substandard loans are classified as those loans that are inadequately protected by the 
current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor, or of the collateral pledged.  Assets classified as substandard have a well-
defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the repayment of the debt.  If the weakness or weaknesses are not corrected 
there is the distinct possibility that some loss will be sustained.  Doubtful assets have the weaknesses of substandard assets with 
the additional characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full on the basis of currently existing facts, 
conditions and values questionable, and there is a high possibility of loss.  An asset classified as loss is considered uncollectible 
and of such little value that continuance as an asset of the Bank is not warranted.  When the Bank classifies problem assets as 
either  substandard  or  doubtful,  it  is  required  to  establish  allowances  for  loan  losses  in  an  amount  deemed  prudent  by 
management.  These allowances represent loss allowances which have been established to recognize the inherent risk associated 

19

 
 
 
 
 
with lending activities and the risks associated with particular problem assets.  When the Bank classifies problem assets as loss, 
it charges off the balance of the asset against the allowance for loan losses.  Assets which do not currently expose the Bank to 
sufficient risk to warrant classification in one of the aforementioned categories but possess weaknesses are designated by the 
Bank as special mention.  Special mention loans are defined as those credits deemed by management to have some potential 
weakness  that  deserve  management’s  close  attention.    If  left  uncorrected,  these  potential  weaknesses  may  result  in  the 
deterioration  of  the  payment  prospects  of  the  loan.    Assets  in  this  category  are  not  adversely  classified  and  currently  do  not 
expose the Bank to sufficient risk to warrant a substandard classification. The Bank’s determination of the classification of its 
assets  and  the  amount  of  its  valuation  allowances  is  subject  to  review  by  the  FDIC  and  the  Division  which  can  require  a 
different classification and the establishment of additional loss allowances.

The  aggregate  amounts  of  the  Bank’s  classified  and  special  mention  loans  (as  determined  by  the  Bank),  and  the 

allowance for loan losses at the dates indicated, were as follows:

Loss
Doubtful
Substandard (1)(2)
Special mention (1)
Total classified and special
   mention loans

Allowance for loan losses

2020

At September 30,
2019
(Dollars in thousands)
—  $ 
—  $ 
— 
— 
5,320 
3,649 
2,547 
5,864 

2018

— 
— 
3,182 
3,123 

9,513  $ 

7,867  $ 

6,305 

13,414  $ 

9,690  $ 

9,530 

$ 

$ 

$ 

_____________
(1)

For further information concerning the change in classified assets, see “Non-performing Loans and Delinquencies" 
above.
Includes non-performing loans.

(2)

Loans classified as substandard decreased by $1.67 million to $3.65 million at September 30, 2020 from $5.32 million 
at  September  30,  2019.    At  September  30,  2020,  33  loans  were  classified  as  substandard.    Of  the  $3.65  million  in  loans 
classified  as  substandard  at  September  30,  2020,  $2.91  million  were  on  non-accrual  status.    The  largest  loan  classified  as 
substandard at September 30, 2020 had a balance of $391,000 and was secured by a commercial real estate property in Grays 
Harbor County and equipment.  This loan was on non-accrual status at September 30, 2020.  The next largest loan classified as 
substandard at September 30, 2020 had a balance of $346,000 and was secured by a single family home in Pierce County.  This 
loan was performing according to its payment terms at September 30, 2020.

Loans  classified  as  special  mention  increased  by  $3.32  million  to  $5.86  million  at  September  30,  2020  from  $2.55 
million at September 30, 2019, primarily as a result of two participation loans being downgraded to special mention status.  At 
September 30, 2020, nine loans were classified as special mention.  The largest loan classified as special mention at September 
30,  2020  had  a  balance  of  $2.88  million  and  was  secured  by  a  hotel  in  Clackamas  County,  Oregon.    The  next  largest  loan 
classified  as  special  mention  at  September  30,  2020  had  a  balance  of  $1.40  million  and  was  secured  by  the  same  hotel  in 
Clackamas County, Oregon.  Both of these loans were subject to COVID-19 related loan modification agreements at September 
30, 2020.

Allowance for Loan Losses.  The allowance for loan losses is maintained to absorb probable losses inherent in the 
loan portfolio.  The Bank has established a comprehensive methodology for the determination of provisions for loan losses that 
takes  into  consideration  the  need  for  an  overall  general  valuation  allowance.    The  Bank’s  methodology  for  assessing  the 
adequacy of its allowance for loan losses is based on its historic loss experience for various loan segments; adjusted for changes 
in economic conditions, delinquency rates and other factors.  Using these loss estimate factors, management develops a range of 
probable  loss  for  each  loan  category.    Certain  individual  loans  for  which  full  collectibility  may  not  be  assured  are  evaluated 
individually with loss exposure based on estimated discounted cash flows or net realizable collateral values.  The total estimated 
range of loss based on these two components of the analysis is compared to the loan loss allowance balance.  When determining 
the appropriate loss factors in fiscal 2020, management took into consideration the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on such 
factors  as  the  national  and  state  unemployment  rates  and  related  trends,  the  amount  of  and  timing  of  financial  assistance 
provided  by  the  government,  consumer  spending  levels  and  trends,  industries  significantly  impacted  by  the  COVID-19 
pandemic, and the Bank's COVID-19 loan modification program.

20

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
        
Based  on  this  review,  management  increased  the  qualitative  factors  for  all  loan  categories  due  to  deterioration  of 
economic conditions as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.  The increase in factors resulted in an increase in the allowance for 
loan  losses  during  the  current  fiscal  year.    Management  will  continue  to  closely  monitor  economic  conditions  and  will  work 
with borrowers as necessary to assist them through this challenging economic climate.   If economic conditions worsen or do 
not  improve  in  the  near  term,  and  if  future  government  programs,  if  any,  do  not  provide  adequate  relief  to  borrowers,  it  is 
possible the Bank's allowance for loan losses will need to increase in future periods.

In originating loans, the Bank recognizes that losses will be experienced and that the risk of loss will vary with, among 
other  things,  the  type  of  loan  being  made,  the  creditworthiness  of  the  borrower  over  the  term  of  the  loan,  general  economic 
conditions and, in the case of a secured loan, the quality of the security for the loan.  The Bank increases its allowance for loan 
losses by charging provisions for loan losses against the Bank's operating income.

The Board of Directors reviews the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses at least quarterly based on management's 

assessment of current economic conditions, past loss and collection experience, and risk characteristics of the loan portfolio.

At September 30, 2020, the Bank’s allowance for loan losses totaled $13.41 million.  The Bank’s allowance for loan 
losses  as  a  percentage  of  total  loans  receivable  and  non-performing  loans  was  1.31%  and  461.76%,  respectively,  at 
September  30,  2020  and  1.08%  and  319.49%,  respectively,  at  September  30,  2019.    The  increase  in  the  allowance  for  loan 
losses during the year ended September 30, 2020 was primarily due to the deteriorating economic conditions and probable loan 
losses driven by the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the U.S. and global economies.  The $126.82 million balance of 
SBA  PPP  loans  was  omitted  from  the  allowance  for  loan  loss  calculation  at  September  30,  2020  as  these  loans  are  fully 
guaranteed by the SBA and management expects that the great majority of PPP borrowers will seek full or partial forgiveness of 
their loan obligations from the SBA within a short time frame, which will in turn reimburse the Bank for the amount forgiven.  

In accordance with GAAP, loans acquired in the South Sound Acquisition were recorded at their estimated fair value, 
which  resulted  in  a  net  discount  to  the  loan's  contractual  amount,  of  which  a  portion  reflects  a  discount  for  possible  credit 
losses.  Credit discounts are included in the determination of fair value and as a result no allowance for loans losses is recorded 
for acquired loans at the acquisition date.  The discount recorded on acquired loans is not reflected in the allowance for loan 
losses or the related allowance coverage ratios, however we believe it should be considered when comparing the current ratios 
to similar ratios in periods prior to the South Sound Acquisition.  The remaining fair value discount on loans acquired in the 
South Sound Acquisition was $790,000 at September 30, 2020.

Based  on  its  comprehensive  analysis,  management  believes  that  the  amount  maintained  in  the  allowance  for  loan 
losses  is  adequate  to  absorb  probable  losses  inherent  in  the  portfolio.  Although  management  believes  that  it  uses  the  best 
information  available  to  make  its  determinations,  future  adjustments  to  the  allowance  for  loan  losses  may  be  necessary,  and 
results  of  operations  could  be  significantly  and  adversely  affected  if  circumstances  differ  substantially  from  the  assumptions 
used in making the determinations.

While the Bank believes it has established its existing allowance for loan losses in accordance with GAAP, there can 
be no assurance that regulators, in reviewing the Bank's loan portfolio, will not request the Bank to increase significantly its 
allowance  for  loan  losses.    In  addition,  because  future  events  affecting  borrowers  and  collateral  cannot  be  predicted  with 
certainty, there can be no assurance that the existing allowance for loan losses is adequate or that substantial increases will not 
be necessary should the quality of any loans deteriorate.  A further decline in national and local economic conditions, as a result 
of  the  COVID-19  pandemic  or  other  factors,  could  result  in  a  material  increase  in  the  allowance  for  loan  losses  which  may 
adversely affect the Company's financial condition and results of operations.

21

  
The following table sets forth an analysis of the Bank's allowance for loan losses for the periods indicated:

Allowance at beginning of year
Provision for (recapture of) loan losses

$  9,690 
3,700 

$ 

2020

2019

Year Ended September 30,
2018
(Dollars in thousands)
9,553 
$ 
— 

$ 

9,530 
— 

2017

9,826 
(1,250) 

Recoveries:
Mortgage loans:
One- to four-family
Multi-family
Commercial
Construction - custom and owner/builder
Construction - speculative one- to four-family
Construction - multi-family
Land
Consumer loans:

Home equity and second mortgage
Other

Commercial business loans
Total recoveries

Charge-offs:
Mortgage loans:
One- to four-family
Commercial
Land
Consumer loans:

Home equity and second mortgage
Other

Commercial business loans

Total charge-offs
Net recoveries (charge-offs)

2 
— 
6 
5 
— 
— 
20 

15 
3 
— 
51 

— 
— 
— 

— 
(12) 
(15) 
(27) 
24 

104 
— 
166 
2 
— 
— 
18 

— 
6 
25 
321 

— 
— 
(49) 

(5) 
(5) 
(102) 
(161) 
160 

— 
— 
— 
— 
13 
— 
19 

— 
1 
— 
33 

— 
(28) 
(22) 

— 
(6) 
— 
(56) 
(23) 

21 
— 
1,061 
— 
6 
— 
19 

— 
3 
— 
1,110 

— 
(13) 
(110) 

— 
(10) 
— 
(133) 
977 

2016

$ 

9,924 
— 

56 
— 
— 
— 
2 
181 
24 

— 
2 
5 
270 

(72) 
(209) 
(61) 

(18) 
(8) 
— 
(368) 
(98) 

Allowance at end of year

$  13,414 

$ 

9,690 

$ 

9,530 

$ 

9,553 

$ 

9,826 

Allowance for loan losses as a percentage of total 
loans receivable (net) outstanding at the end of 
the year (1)

Net recoveries (charge-offs) as a percentage of 
average loans outstanding during the year

Allowance for loan losses as a percentage of non-

performing loans at end of year

 1.31% 

 1.08% 

 1.30% 

 1.36% 

 1.46% 

 —% 

 0.02% 

 —% 

 0.14% 

 (0.02) %

 461.76% 

 319.49% 

 723.61% 

 499.90% 

 326.66% 

______________
(1)

Loans receivable, net for this table includes the deductions for the undisbursed portion of construction loans in process 
and net deferred loan origination fees and does not include the deduction for the allowance for loan losses.

22

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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Investment Activities

The  investment  policies  of  the  Bank  are  established  and  monitored  by  the  Board  of  Directors.    The  policies  are 
designed  primarily  to  provide  and  maintain  liquidity,  to  generate  a  favorable  return  on  investments  without  incurring  undue 
interest rate and credit risk, and to compliment the Bank’s lending activities.  These policies dictate the criteria for classifying 
investments in debt securities as either available for sale or held to maturity.  The policies permit investment in various types of 
liquid  assets  permissible  under  applicable  regulations,  which  include  U.S.  Treasury  obligations,  securities  of  various  federal 
agencies,  certificates  of  deposit  of  insured  banks,  federal  funds,  mortgage-backed  securities,  municipal  bonds  and  mutual 
funds.  The Company's investment policy also permits investment in equity securities in certain financial service companies.

Investments  in  equity  securities  are  stated  at  fair  value.    Prior  to  October  1,  2018,  changes  in  the  fair  value  of 
investments in equity securities were excluded from earnings and reported in other comprehensive income (loss), net of income 
tax effects.  On October 1, 2018, the Company adopted ASU 2016-01 and reclassified its mutual funds as investments in equity 
securities.  Beginning October 1, 2018, changes in the fair value of investments in equity securities are recorded in other non-
interest income.

At  September  30,  2020,  the  Bank’s  portfolio  of  investments  in  debt  securities  totaled  $85.80  million,  consisting  of 
$27.39 million of mortgage-backed securities held to maturity, $500,000 bank issued trust preferred securities held to maturity 
and  $57.91  million  of  mortgage-backed  securities  available  for  sale.    The  Bank  does  not  maintain  a  trading  account  for  any 
investments.    This  compares  with  a  total  investment  portfolio  of  $53.63  million  at  September  30,  2019,  consisting  of  $3.00 
million of U.S. Treasury and U.S. government agency securities held to maturity, $28.10 million of mortgage-backed securities 
held to maturity, and $22.53 million of mortgage-backed securities available for sale.  The composition of the portfolios by type 
of security at the dates indicated is presented in the following table:

2020

Recorded
Amount

Percent of
Total

At September 30,
2019

Percent of
Recorded
Amount
Total
(Dollars in thousands)

2018

Recorded
Amount

Percent of
Total

Held to Maturity:

U.S.Treasury and U.S. 

government agency securities

$ 

Mortgage-backed securities
Bank issued trust preferred 

securities

Available for Sale:

— 
27,390 

 —%  $ 

 31.93 

2,999 
28,103 

 5.59%  $ 
 52.40 

10,965 
1,845 

 78.52% 
 13.21 

500 

 0.58 

— 

 — 

— 

 — 

Mortgage-backed securities
Mutual funds

57,907 
— 

 67.49 
 — 

22,532 
— 

 42.01 
 — 

237 
917 

 1.70 
 6.57 

Total portfolio

$ 

85,797 

 100.00%  $ 

53,634 

 100.00%  $ 

13,964 

 100.00% 

The following table sets forth the maturities and weighted average yields of the debt securities in the Bank's portfolio 

at September 30, 2020.  

One Year or Less

After One to
Five Years

After Five to
Ten Years

After Ten
Years

Amount

Yield

Amount

Yield

Amount

Yield

Amount

Yield

(Dollars in thousands)

Held to Maturity:

Mortgage-backed 

securities

Bank issued trust 

preferred securities

Available for Sale:

Mortgage-backed 

securities

Total portfolio

$ 

— 

— 

$ 

$ 

830 

830 

 —%  $ 

126 

 3.30%  $  6,657 

 3.17%  $  20,607 

 2.94% 

 — 

— 

 — 

500 

 4.75 

— 

 — 

 1.12 

3,261 

 1.78 

  18,491 

 0.57 

  35,325 

 0.61 

 1.12%  $  3,387 

 1.84%  $  25,648 

 1.32%  $  55,932 

 1.47% 

24

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
There  were  no  securities  which  had  an  aggregate  book  value  in  excess  of  10%  of  the  Bank’s  total  equity  at 
September 30, 2020.  At September 30, 2020, the Bank had $229,000 of private label mortgage-backed securities in the held to 
maturity investment securities portfolio of which $209,000 were on non-accrual status.  For additional information regarding 
investment  securities,  see  “Item  1A.  Risk  Factors  –  Our  investment  securities  portfolio  may  be  negatively  impacted  by 
fluctuations  in  market  value  and  interest  rates  and  result  in  losses”  and  Note  4  of  the  Notes  to  the  Consolidated  Financial 
Statements included in Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Deposit Activities and Other Sources of Funds

General.  Deposits and loan repayments are the major sources of the Bank's funds for lending and other investment 
purposes.    Scheduled  loan  repayments  are  a  relatively  stable  source  of  funds,  while  deposit  inflows  and  outflows  and  loan 
prepayments are influenced significantly by general interest rates and money market conditions.  Borrowings through the FHLB 
and the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco ("FRB") may be used to compensate for reductions in the availability of funds 
from other sources.

Deposit Accounts.  Substantially all of the Bank's depositors are residents of Washington.  Deposits are attracted from 
within the Bank's market area through the offering of a broad selection of deposit instruments, including money market deposit 
accounts, checking accounts, regular savings accounts and certificates of deposit.  Deposit account terms vary, according to the 
minimum balance required, the time periods the funds must remain on deposit and the interest rate, among other factors.  In 
determining  the  terms  of  its  deposit  accounts,  the  Bank  considers  current  market  interest  rates,  profitability  to  the  Bank, 
matching  deposit  and  loan  products  and  its  customer  preferences  and  concerns.    The  Bank  actively  seeks  consumer  and 
commercial  checking  accounts  through  checking  account  acquisition  marketing  programs.    The  Bank  also  has  checking 
accounts owned by businesses associated with the marijuana (or Initiative-502) industry in Washington State.  It is generally 
permissible  in  Washington  State  to  handle  accounts  associated  with  this  industry  in  compliance  with  federal  regulatory 
guidelines.  At September 30, 2020, the Bank had $34.68 million, or 2.6% of total deposits, from businesses associated with the 
marijuana industry.  See "Item 1A. Risk Factors - We operate in a highly regulated environment and may be adversely affected 
by changes in federal and state laws and regulations that could increase our costs of operations."

At September 30, 2020, the Bank had $28.95 million of jumbo certificates of deposit of $250,000 or more.  The Bank 
had  $11.30  million  in  brokered  reciprocal  money  market  deposits  at  September  30,  2020.    The  Bank  believes  that  its  jumbo 
certificates  of  deposit,  which  represented  2.1%  of  total  deposits  at  September  30,  2020,  present  similar  interest  rate  risks  as 
compared to its other deposits.

The following table sets forth information concerning the Bank's deposits at September 30, 2020: 

Category

Non-interest bearing demand
Negotiable order of withdrawal (“NOW”) checking
Savings
Money market
Subtotal

Certificates of Deposit (1)

Maturing within 1 year
Maturing after 1 year but within 2 years
Maturing after 2 years but within 5 years
Total certificates of deposit

Total deposits

______________________
(1)

Based on remaining maturity of certificates.

Percentage
of Total
Amount
Deposits
 (Dollars in thousands)

$  441,889 
376,899 
219,869 
161,225 
  1,199,882 

 32.53% 
 27.75 
 16.18 
 11.87 
 88.33 

102,862 
29,355 
26,307 
158,524 
$ 1,358,406 

 7.57 
 2.16 
 1.94 
 11.67 
 100.00% 

The following table indicates the amount of the Bank's jumbo certificates of deposit by time remaining until maturity 
as of September 30, 2020.  Jumbo certificates of deposit have principal balances of $250,000 or more, and the rates paid on 
these accounts are generally negotiable.

25

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Maturity Period

Three months or less
Over three through six months
Over six through twelve months
Over twelve months

Total

Amount
(Dollars in thousands)
5,502 
$ 
8,657 
4,652 
10,134 
28,945 

$ 

Deposit Flow.  The following table sets forth the balances of deposits in the various types of accounts offered by the 

Bank at the dates indicated:

At September 30,

2020
Percent
of
Total

Increase
(Decrease)

Amount

2019
Percent
of
Total

Increase
(Decrease)

Amount

2018

Percent
of
Total

(Dollars in thousands)

 32.53%  $  145,417  $  296,472 
297,055 
79,844 
 27.75 
164,506 
55,363 
 16.18 
144,539 
16,686 
 11.87 

 27.75%  $ 
 27.81 
 15.40 
 13.53 

63,214  $  233,258 
225,290 
71,765 
151,404 
13,102 
137,746 
6,793 

 26.22% 
 25.33 
 17.02 
 15.49 

Amount

$  441,889 
376,899 
219,869 
161,225 

Non-interest-bearing demand
NOW checking
Savings
Money market

Certificates of deposit which 
mature:

Within 1 year
After 1 year, but within 2 years  

102,862 
29,355 

After 2 years, but within 5 
years

26,307 

 7.57 
 2.16 

 1.94 

10,596 
(9,369) 

92,266 
38,724 

(8,358) 

34,665 

 8.64 
 3.63 

 3.24 

16,109 
6,720 

76,157 
32,004 

1,018 

33,647 

 8.56 
 3.60 

 3.78 

Total

$  1,358,406 

 100.00%  $  290,179  $  1,068,227 

 100.00%  $  178,721  $  889,506 

 100.00% 

Certificates of Deposit by Rates.  The following table sets forth the certificates of deposit in the Bank classified by 

rates as of the dates indicated:

0.00 - 1.99%
2.00 - 3.99%
4.00 - 5.99%

Total

$ 

$ 

2020

At September 30,
2019
(Dollars in thousands)
82,953  $ 
78,274 
4,428 
165,655  $ 

99,150  $ 
59,114 
260 
158,524  $ 

2018

108,527 
33,016 
265 
141,808 

Certificates  of  Deposit  by  Maturities.    The  following  table  sets  forth  the  amount  and  maturities  of  certificates  of 

deposit by rate at September 30, 2020:

Amount Due

Less Than
One Year

One to
Two
Years

After
Five Years

Total

After
Two to
Five
Years
(Dollars in thousands)
9,783  $ 
16,264 
260 
26,307  $ 

18,988  $ 
10,367 
— 
29,355  $ 

—  $ 
— 
— 
—  $ 

99,150 
59,114 
260 
158,524 

0.00 - 1.99%
2.00 - 3.99%
4.00 - 5.99%

Total

$ 

$ 

70,379  $ 
32,483 
— 
102,862  $ 

26

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Deposit Activities.  The following table sets forth the deposit activities of the Bank for the periods indicated:

Beginning balance
Deposits acquired in South Sound Acquisition
Net deposits before interest credited
Interest credited
Net increase in deposits
Ending balance

2020

2018

Year Ended September 30,
2019
(Dollars in thousands)
$  1,068,227  $  889,506  $  837,898 
— 
48,830 
2,778 
51,608 
$  1,358,406  $  1,068,227  $  889,506 

151,538 
22,618 
4,565 
178,721 

— 
285,544 
4,635 
290,179 

Borrowings.    Deposits  and  loan  repayments  are  generally  the  primary  source  of  funds  for  the  Bank's  lending  and 
investment  activities  and  for  general  business  purposes.    The  Bank  has  the  ability  to  use  borrowings  from  the  FHLB  to 
supplement its supply of lendable funds and to meet deposit withdrawal requirements.  The FHLB functions as a central reserve 
bank providing credit for member financial institutions.  As a member of the FHLB, the Bank is required to own capital stock in 
the FHLB and is authorized to apply for borrowings on the security of such stock and certain mortgage loans and other assets 
(principally  securities  which  are  obligations  of,  or  guaranteed  by,  the  U.S.  government)  provided  certain  creditworthiness 
standards have been met.  Borrowings are made pursuant to several different credit programs.  Each credit program has its own 
interest  rate  and  range  of  maturities.    Depending  on  the  program,  limitations  on  the  amount  of  borrowings  are  based  on  the 
financial  condition  of  the  member  institution  and  the  adequacy  of  collateral  pledged  to  secure  the  credit.  At  September  30, 
2020, the Bank maintained an uncommitted credit facility with the FHLB that provided for immediately available borrowings 
up  to  an  aggregate  amount  to  45%  of  the  Bank’s  total  assets,  limited  by  available  collateral,  under  which  $10.0  million  in 
borrowings were outstanding.  The Bank maintains a short-term borrowing line of credit with the FRB with total credit based 
on eligible collateral.  At September 30, 2020, the Bank had no outstanding balance and $71.90 million in unused borrowing 
capacity on this borrowing line of credit.  A short-term borrowing line of credit of $50.00 million is also maintained at Pacific 
Coast Bankers' Bank ("PCBB").  The Bank had no outstanding balance on this borrowing line of credit at September 30, 2020. 

The following table sets forth certain information regarding borrowings, including repurchase agreements, by the Bank 

at the end of and during the periods indicated:

Average total borrowings

At or For the
Year Ended September 30,
2019
(Dollars in thousands)
$  — 

2020

$  5,685 

2018

$  — 

Weighted average rate paid on total borrowings

 1.16% 

 —% 

 —% 

Total borrowings outstanding at end of period

$ 10,000 

$  — 

$  — 

________________________

The Bank did not have any short-term borrowings for the years ended September 30, 2020, 2019 and 2018.

Bank Owned Life Insurance

The  Bank  has  purchased  life  insurance  policies  covering  certain  officers.    These  policies  are  recorded  at  their  cash 
surrender value, net of any cash surrender charges.  Increases in cash surrender value, net of policy premiums, and proceeds 
from death benefits are recorded in non-interest income.  At September 30, 2020, the cash surrender value of bank owned life 
insurance (“BOLI”) was $21.60 million.

How We Are Regulated

General.    As  a  bank  holding  company,  Timberland  Bancorp  is  subject  to  examination  and  supervision  by,  and  is 
required to file certain reports with, the Federal Reserve.  Timberland Bancorp is also subject to the rules and regulations of the 
SEC under the federal securities laws.  As a state-chartered savings bank, the Bank is subject to regulation and oversight by the 
Division and the applicable provisions of Washington law and regulations of the Division adopted thereunder.  The Bank also is 
subject to regulation and examination by the FDIC, which insures the deposits of the Bank to the maximum extent permitted by 
law, and requirements established by the Federal Reserve.  State law and regulations govern the Bank's ability to take deposits 

27

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
and pay interest thereon, to make loans on or invest in residential and other real estate, to make consumer loans, to invest in 
securities, to offer various banking services to its customers and to establish branch offices.  Under state law, savings banks in 
Washington also generally have all of the powers that federal savings banks have under federal laws and regulations.  The Bank 
is  subject  to  periodic  examination  and  reporting  requirements  by  and  of  the  Division  and  the  FDIC.    The  Dodd-Frank  Wall 
Street  Reform  and  Consumer  Protection  Act  of  2010  (the  "Dodd-Frank  Act")  established  the  Consumer  Financial  Protection 
Bureau  ("CFPB")  as  an  independent  bureau  of  the  Federal  Reserve  with  responsibility  for  the  implementation  of  federal 
financial consumer protection and fair lending laws and regulations.  The Bank is subject to consumer protection regulations 
issued by the CFPB, but as a smaller financial institution, is generally subject to supervision and enforcement by the FDIC and 
DFI with respect to its compliance with federal and state consumer financial protection laws and regulations.

The following is a brief description of certain laws and regulations applicable to Timberland Bancorp and the Bank.  
Descriptions of laws and regulations here and elsewhere in this report do not purport to be complete and are qualified in their 
entirety by reference to the actual laws and regulations.  Legislation is introduced from time to time in the U.S. Congress or the 
Washington State Legislature that may affect the operations of Timberland Bancorp and the Bank.  In addition, the regulations 
governing the Company and the Bank may be amended from time to time by the FDIC, DFI, Federal Reserve and the CFPB.  
Any such legislation or regulatory changes in the future could adversely affect the Company's and the Bank's operations and 
financial condition.  We cannot predict whether any such changes may occur.

Regulation of the Bank

The  Bank,  as  a  state-chartered  savings  bank,  is  subject  to  regulation  and  oversight  by  the  FDIC  and  the  Division 

extending to all aspects of its operations.  

Federal  and  State  Enforcement  Authority  and  Actions.  As  part  of  its  supervisory  authority  over  Washington-
chartered savings banks, the Division may initiate enforcement proceedings to obtain a consent order to cease and desist against 
an institution believed to have engaged in unsafe and unsound practices or to have violated a law, regulation, or other regulatory 
limit, including a written agreement. The FDIC also has the authority to initiate enforcement actions against insured institutions 
for similar reasons and may terminate the deposit insurance if it determines that an institution has engaged in unsafe or unsound 
practices or is in an unsafe or unsound condition. Both of these agencies may utilize less formal supervisory tools to address 
their concerns about the condition, operations or compliance status of a savings bank.

Insurance of Accounts and Regulation by the FDIC.  The deposit insurance fund (the "DIF") of the FDIC insures 
deposit accounts in the Bank up to $250,000 per separately insured deposit ownership right or category.  As insurer, the FDIC 
imposes  deposit  insurance  premiums  and  is  authorized  to  conduct  examinations  of  and  to  require  reporting  by  FDIC-insured 
institutions.  The Bank's deposit insurance premiums for the year ended September 30, 2020 were $204,000.  

Under the FDIC's system for assessing insurance premiums, insured institutions that do not have assets of $10 billion 
are  assessed  based  on  CAMELS  component  ratings  and  certain  financial  ratios.    For  these  institutions,  total  base  assessment 
rates range from 3 to 30 basis points, subject to adjustment.  Stronger institutions pay lower rates, while riskier institutions pay 
higher rates.  Assessments are applied to an institution's assessment base, which is its average consolidated total assets minus 
average tangible equity.  The FDIC has authority to increase insurance assessments, and any significant increases would have 
an adverse effect on the operating expenses and results of operations of the Bank.  Management cannot predict what assessment 
rates will be in the future.

As insurer, the FDIC is authorized to conduct examinations of and to require reporting by FDIC-insured institutions.  It 
also may prohibit any FDIC-insured institution from engaging in any activity the FDIC determines by regulation or order to 
pose  a  serious  threat  to  the  DIF.    The  FDIC  also  has  the  authority  to  take  enforcement  actions  against  banks  and  savings 
associations.  Management is not aware of any existing circumstances which would result in termination of the Bank's deposit 
insurance.

A significant increase in insurance premiums would likely have an adverse effect on the operating expenses and results 

of operations of the Bank.  

Capital Requirements.  Federally insured financial institutions, such as the Bank, are required to maintain a minimum 

level of regulatory capital.

The Bank is subject to capital regulations adopted by the FDIC, which establish minimum required ratios for common 
equity  Tier  1  ("CET1"),  leverage  and  Tier  1  capital  ratios,  and  require  an  additional  capital  conservation  buffer  over  the 
required minimum capital ratios, and defines what qualifies as capital for purposes of meeting the capital requirements.  The 

28

Federal  Reserve  has  adopted  parallel  regulations  for  bank  holding  companies.    These  regulations  implement  the  regulatory 
capital reforms required by the Dodd Frank Act and the "Basel III" requirements. 

Under the capital regulations, the required minimum capital level ratios are (i) a CET1 capital ratio of 4.5%; (ii) a Tier 
1 capital ratio of 6.0%;  (iii) a total capital ratio of 8.0%; and (iv) a leverage ratio of 4.0%.  CET1 generally consists of common 
stock; retained earnings; accumulated other comprehensive income ("AOCI") unless an institution elects to exclude AOCI from 
regulatory capital; and certain minority interests; all subject to applicable regulatory adjustments and deductions.  Tier 1 capital 
generally consists of CET1 and noncumulative perpetual preferred stock.  Tier 2 capital generally consists of other preferred 
stock and subordinated debt meeting certain conditions plus an amount of the allowance for loan and lease losses up to 1.25% 
of  assets.    Total  capital  is  the  sum  of  Tier  1  and  Tier  2  capital.    The  leverage  ratio  is  the  ratio  of  Tier  1  capital  to  average 
consolidated  assets  as  reported  on  Call  Reports,  minus  certain  items  deducted  from  Tier  1  capital.    To  be  considered  "well 
capitalized," a depository institution must have a (i) a total risk-based capital ratio of 10.0% or more, (ii) a CET1 risk-based 
capital ratio of 6.5% or more, (iii) a Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio of 8.0% or more, and (iv) a leverage ratio of 5.0% or more, 
and is not subject to any of certain specified requirements to meet and maintain a specific capital level for any capital measure.

In addition to the minimum capital requirements, the Bank must maintain a capital conservation buffer that consists of 
additional CET1 capital greater than 2.5% of risk-weighted assets above the required minimum risk-based capital ratios in order 
to  avoid  limitations  on  paying  dividends,  repurchasing  shares  and  paying  certain  discretionary  bonuses.    At  September  30, 
2020, the  Bank met the requirements to be "well capitalized" and the Bank's CET1 capital exceeded the required conservation 
buffer.

The  following  table  compares  the  Bank's  actual  capital  amounts  at  September  30,  2020  to  its  minimum  regulatory 

capital requirements at that date (Dollars in thousands):

Actual

Regulatory Minimum To 
Be "Adequately 
Capitalized

Amount

Ratio

Amount

Ratio

Regulatory Minimum To 
Be "Well Capitalized" 
Under Prompt Corrective 
Action Provisions
Ratio

Amount

$  168,937 

 11.1% 

$  60,993 

 4.0%  $ 

76,241 

 5.0% 

Leverage Capital Ratio:
Tier 1 capital 

Risk-based Capital Ratios:
CET1 capital

  168,937 

 19.7 

38,504 

Tier 1 capital

  168,937 

 19.7 

51,339 

Total capital 

  179,671 

 21.0 

68,452 

 4.5 

 6.0 

 8.0 

55,618 

68,452 

 6.5 

 8.0 

85,566 

 10.0 

The  FDIC  also  has  authority  to  establish  individual  minimum  capital  requirements  in  appropriate  cases  upon  a 
determination  that  an  institution's  capital  level  is  or  may  become  inadequate  in  light  of  particular  risks  or  circumstances.  
Management  of  the  Bank  believes  that,  under  the  current  regulations,  the  Bank  will  continue  to  meet  its  minimum  capital 
requirements in the foreseeable future.

For  additional  information  regarding  the  Bank's  regulatory  capital  requirements,  see  Note  18  of  the  Notes  to  the 

Consolidated Financial Statements contained in "Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data" of this Form 10-K.

In  September  2019,  the  FDIC  and  other  federal  banking  agencies  adopted  a  final  rule,  effective  January  1,  2020, 
creating a community bank leverage ratio ("CBLR") for institutions that have total consolidated assets of $10 billion or less and 
meet other qualifying criteria.  The CBLR provides a simple measure of capital adequacy for qualifying institutions.  Qualifying 
institutions  that  elect  to  use  the  CBLR  framework  and  that  maintain  a  leverage  capital  ratio  of  greater  than  9%  will  be 
considered  to  have  satisfied  the  general  applicable  risk-based  and  leverage  capital  requirements  in  the  regulatory  agencies' 
capital rules and to have met the well-capitalized ratio requirements.  The Bank has not elected to use the CBLR framework as 
of September 30, 2020.

The Financial Accounting Standards Board has adopted a new accounting standard for GAAP that will be effective for 
us for our first fiscal year beginning after December 15, 2022. This standard, referred to as Current Expected Credit Loss, or 
CECL,  requires  FDIC-insured  institutions  and  their  holding  companies  (banking  organizations)  to  recognize  credit  losses 

29

 
 
 
 
 
 
expected over the life of certain financial assets. CECL covers a broader range of assets than the current method of recognizing 
credit losses and generally results in earlier recognition of credit losses. Upon adoption of CECL, a banking organization must 
record  a  one-time  adjustment  to  its  credit  loss  allowances  as  of  the  beginning  of  the  fiscal  year  of  adoption  equal  to  the 
difference, if any, between the amount of credit loss allowances under the current methodology and the amount required under 
CECL.  For a banking organization, implementation of CECL is generally likely to reduce retained earnings, and to affect other 
items, in a manner that reduces its regulatory capital.

The federal banking regulators (the Federal Reserve, the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency and the FDIC) have 
adopted a rule that gives a banking organization the option to phase in over a three-year period the day-one adverse effects of 
CECL on its regulatory capital.

Prompt Corrective Action.  Federal statutes establish a supervisory framework based on five capital categories:  well 
capitalized,  adequately  capitalized,  undercapitalized,  significantly  undercapitalized  and  critically  undercapitalized.    An 
institution’s category depends upon where its capital levels are in relation to relevant capital measures, which include a risk-
based capital measure, a leverage ratio capital measure and certain other factors.  An institution that is not well capitalized is 
subject to certain restrictions on brokered deposits, including restrictions on the rates it can offer on its deposits generally. Any 
institution which is neither well capitalized nor adequately capitalized is considered undercapitalized.  

Undercapitalized  institutions  are  subject  to  certain  prompt  corrective  action  requirements,  regulatory  controls  and 
restrictions which become more extensive as an institution becomes more severely undercapitalized.  Failure by an institution to 
comply  with  applicable  capital  requirements  would,  if  unremedied,  result  in  progressively  more  severe  restrictions  on  its 
activities  and  lead  to  enforcement  actions,  including,  but  not  limited  to,  the  issuance  of  a  capital  directive  to  ensure  the 
maintenance  of  required  capital  levels  and,  ultimately,  the  appointment  of  the  FDIC  as  receiver  or  conservator.    Banking 
regulators  will  take  prompt  corrective  action  with  respect  to  depository  institutions  that  do  not  meet  minimum  capital 
requirements.  Additionally, approval of any regulatory application filed for their review may be dependent on compliance with 
capital requirements.

At September 30, 2020, the Bank was categorized as “well capitalized” under the prompt corrective action regulations 
of  the  FDIC.    For  additional  information  regarding  the  Bank's  minimum  regulatory  capital  requirements,  see  "Capital 
Requirements"  above  and  Note  18  of  the  Notes  to  the  Consolidated  Financial  Statements  contained  in  “Item  8.  Financial 
Statements and Supplementary Data” of this Form 10-K.

Federal  Home  Loan  Bank  System.  The  Bank  is  a  member  of  the  FHLB,  one  of  11  regional  Federal  Home  Loan 
Banks that administer the home financing credit function of savings institutions, each serving as a reserve or central bank for its 
members  within  its  assigned  region.    The  FHLB  is  funded  primarily  from  proceeds  derived  from  the  sale  of  consolidated 
obligations of the FHLB System.  It makes loans  to members in accordance with policies and procedures, established by the 
Board  of  Directors  of  the  FHLB,  which  are  subject  to  the  oversight  of  the  Federal  Housing  Finance  Board.    All  borrowings 
from the FHLB are required to be fully secured by sufficient collateral as determined by the FHLB.  In addition, all long-term 
borrowings are required to provide funds for residential home financing.  See “Deposit Activities and Other Sources of Funds – 
Borrowings" above.

As a member, the Bank is required to purchase and maintain stock in the FHLB based on the Bank's asset size and 
level  of  borrowings  from  the  FHLB.    At  September  30,  2020,  the  Bank  had  $1.92  million  in  FHLB  stock,  which  was  in 
compliance with this requirement.  The FHLB pays dividends quarterly, and the Bank received $52,000 in dividends during the 
year ended September 30, 2020. 

The Federal Home Loan Banks continue to contribute to low- and moderately-priced housing programs through direct 
loans  or  interest  subsidies  on  borrowings  targeted  for  community  investment  and  low-  and  moderate-income  housing 
projects.    These  contributions  have  adversely  affected  the  level  of  FHLB  dividends  paid  and  could  continue  to  do  so  in  the 
future.  These contributions could also have an adverse effect on the value of FHLB stock in the future.  A reduction in value of 
the Bank's FHLB stock may result in a decrease in net income and possibly capital.

Standards  for  Safety  and  Soundness.    The  federal  banking  regulatory  agencies  have  prescribed,  by  regulation, 
guidelines for all insured depository institutions relating to: internal controls, information systems and internal audit systems, 
loan documentation, credit underwriting, interest rate risk exposure, asset growth, asset quality, earnings, compensation, fees 
and benefits.  The guidelines set forth the safety and soundness standards that the federal banking agencies use to identify and 
address problems at insured depository institutions before capital becomes impaired.  Each insured depository institution must 
implement  a  comprehensive  written  information  security  program  that  includes  administrative,  technical  and  physical 
safeguards  appropriate  to  the  institution’s  size  and  complexity  and  the  nature  and  scope  of  its  activities.    The  information 
security program also must be designed to ensure the security and confidentiality of customer information, protect against any 

30

unanticipated threats or hazards to the security or integrity of such information, protect against unauthorized access to or use of 
such  information  that  could  result  in  substantial  harm  or  inconvenience  to  any  customer,  and  ensure  the  proper  disposal  of 
customer  and  consumer  information.    Each  insured  depository  institution  must  also  develop  and  implement  a  risk-based 
response program to address incidents of unauthorized access to customer information in customer information systems.  If the 
FDIC determines that the Bank fails to meet any standard prescribed by the guidelines, it may require the Bank to submit to the 
agency an acceptable plan to achieve compliance with the standard.  FDIC regulations establish deadlines for the submission 
and review of such safety and soundness compliance plans.  Management of the Bank is not aware of any conditions relating to 
these safety and soundness standards which would require submission of a plan of compliance.

Real  Estate  Lending  Standards.    FDIC  regulations  require  the  Bank  to  adopt  and  maintain  written  policies  that 
establish appropriate limits and standards for real estate loans.  These standards, which must be consistent with safe and sound 
banking  practices,  must  establish  loan  portfolio  diversification  standards,  prudent  underwriting  standards  (including  loan-to-
value  ratio  limits)  that  are  clear  and  measurable,  loan  administration  procedures,  and  documentation,  approval  and  reporting 
requirements.  The Bank is obligated to monitor conditions in its real estate markets to ensure that its standards continue to be 
appropriate  for  current  market  conditions.    The  Bank’s  Board  of  Directors  is  required  to  review  and  approve  the  Bank’s 
standards at least annually.  The FDIC has published guidelines for compliance with these regulations, including supervisory 
limitations on loan-to-value ratios for different categories of real estate loans.  Under the guidelines, the aggregate amount of all 
loans  in  excess  of  the  supervisory  loan-to-value  ratios  should  not  exceed  100%  of  total  capital,  and  the  total  of  all  loans  for 
commercial, agricultural, multi-family or other non-one- to four-family residential properties in excess of the supervisory loan-
to-value ratio should not exceed 30% of total capital.  Loans in excess of the supervisory loan-to-value ratio limitations must be 
identified in the Bank’s records and reported at least quarterly to the Bank’s Board of Directors.  The Bank is in compliance 
with the record and reporting requirements.  As of September 30, 2020, the Bank’s aggregate loans in excess of the supervisory 
loan-to-value ratios were 0.3% of total capital and the Bank's loans on commercial, agricultural, multi-family or other non-one- 
to four-family residential properties in excess of the supervisory loan-to-value ratios were 0.1% of total capital.

Activities  and  Investments  of  Insured  State-Chartered  Financial  Institutions.    Federal  law  generally  limits  the 
activities  and  equity  investments  of  FDIC-insured  state-chartered  banks  to  those  that  are  permissible  for  national  banks.    An 
insured state bank is not prohibited from, among other things, (i) acquiring or retaining a majority interest in a subsidiary, (ii) 
investing  as  a  limited  partner  in  a  partnership,  the  sole  purpose  of  which  is  direct  or  indirect  investment  in  the  acquisition, 
rehabilitation or new construction of a qualified housing project, provided that such limited partnership investments may not 
exceed 2% of the bank's total assets, (iii) acquiring up to 10% of the voting stock of a company that solely provides or reinsures 
directors' and  officers'  liability insurance  coverage or bankers' blanket  bond group insurance coverage  for insured depository 
institutions,  and  (iv)  acquiring  or  retaining  the  voting  shares  of  a  depository  institution  owned  by  another  FDIC-insured 
institution if certain requirements are met.

Under  the  law  of  Washington  State,  Washington-chartered  savings  banks  may  exercise  any  of  the  powers  of 
Washington-chartered commercial banks, national banks and federally-chartered savings banks, subject to the approval of the 
Director in certain situations.  In addition,Washington-chartered savings banks may charge the maximum interest rate allowable 
for loans and other extensions of credit by federally-chartered financial institutions to Washington residents.

Environmental  Issues  Associated  With  Real  Estate  Lending.    The  Comprehensive  Environmental  Response, 
Compensation and Liability Act (“CERCLA”) is a federal statute that generally imposes strict liability on all prior and present 
"owners  and  operators"  of  sites  containing  hazardous  waste.    However,    Congress  acted  to  protect  secured  creditors  by 
providing that the term “owner and operator” excludes a person whose ownership is limited to protecting its security interest in 
the site.  Since the enactment of the CERCLA, this “secured creditor exemption” has been the subject of judicial interpretations 
which have left open the possibility that lenders could be liable for cleanup costs on contaminated property that they hold as 
collateral for a loan.

To the extent that legal uncertainty exists in this area, all creditors, including the Bank, that have made loans secured 
by properties with potential hazardous waste contamination (such as petroleum contamination) could be subject to liability for 
cleanup costs, which costs often substantially exceed the value of the collateral property.

Federal  Reserve  System.    The  Federal  Reserve  requires  that  all  depository  institutions  maintain  reserves  on 
transaction accounts or non-personal time deposits.  These reserves may be in the form of cash or non-interest-bearing deposits 
with the regional Federal Reserve Bank.  Negotiable order of withdrawal ("NOW") accounts and other types of accounts that 
permit  payments  or  transfers  to  third  parties  fall  within  the  definition  of  transaction  accounts  and  are  subject  to  reserve 
requirements, as are any non-personal time deposits at a savings bank.  In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Federal 
Reserve reduced the reserve requirement ratios to zero percent effective on March 26, 2020, to support lending to households 
and businesses.  At September 30, 2020, the Bank was in compliance with the reserve requirements in place at that time.

31

 
Affiliate  Transactions.    Federal  laws  strictly  limit  the  ability  of  banks  to  engage  in  certain  transactions  with  their 
affiliates, including their bank holding companies.  Transactions deemed to be a “covered transaction” under Section 23A of the 
Federal Reserve Act and between a subsidiary bank and its parent company or the nonbank subsidiaries of the bank holding 
company are limited to 10% of the bank subsidiary’s capital and surplus and, with respect to the parent company and all such 
nonbank subsidiaries, to an aggregate of 20% of the bank subsidiary’s capital and surplus.  Further, covered transactions that 
are loans and extensions of credit generally are required to be secured by eligible collateral in specified amounts.  Federal law 
also requires that covered transactions and certain other transactions between a bank and its affiliates listed in Section 23B of 
the Federal Reserve Act and related regulations must be on terms as favorable to the bank as transactions with non-affiliates.

Community Reinvestment Act. Banks are also subject to the provisions of the Community Reinvestment Act of 1977 
(“CRA”),  which  requires  the  appropriate  federal  bank  regulatory  agency  to  assess  a  bank’s  performance  under  the  CRA  in 
meeting  the  credit  needs  of  the  community  serviced  by  the  bank,  including  low-  and  moderate-income  neighborhoods.    The 
regulatory agency’s assessment of the bank’s record is made available to the public.  Further, a bank’s performance must be 
considered  in  connection  with  a  bank’s  application  to,  among  other  things,  establish  a  new  branch  office  that  will  accept 
deposits, relocate an existing office or merge or consolidate with, or acquire the assets or assume the liabilities of, a federally 
regulated financial institution.  The Bank received a “satisfactory” rating during its most recent examination.

Dividends.    Dividends  from  the  Bank  constitute  the  major  source  of  funds  available  for  dividends  which  may  be 
paid  to  Company  shareholders.    The  amount  of  dividends  payable  by  the  Bank  to  the  Company  depends  upon  the  Bank's 
earnings and capital position, and is limited by federal and state laws, regulations and policies. According to Washington law, 
the Bank may not declare or pay a cash dividend on its capital stock if it would cause its net worth to be reduced below (i) the 
amount required for liquidation accounts or (ii) the net worth requirements, if any, imposed by the Director of the Division.  In 
addition,  dividends  on  the  Bank's  capital  stock  may  not  be  paid  in  an  aggregate  amount  greater  than  the  aggregate  retained 
earnings of the Bank, without the approval of the Director of the Division.  Dividends payable by the Bank can be limited or 
prohibited if the Bank does not meet the capital conservation buffer requirement.

The  amount  of  dividends  actually  paid  during  any  one  period  will  be  strongly  affected  by  the  Bank's  management 
policy of maintaining a strong capital position.  Federal law further provides that no insured depository institution may pay a 
cash  dividend  if  it  would  cause  the  institution  to  be  “undercapitalized,”  as  defined  in  the  prompt  corrective  action 
regulations.    Moreover,  the  federal  bank  regulatory  agencies  also  have  the  general  authority  to  limit  the  dividends  paid  by 
insured banks if such payments should be deemed to constitute an unsafe and unsound practice.

Other  Consumer  Protection  Laws  and  Regulations.    The  Bank  is  subject  to  a  broad  array  of  federal  and  state 
consumer protection laws and regulations that govern almost every aspect of its business relationships with consumers.  While 
the list set forth below is not exhaustive, these include the Truth-in-Lending Act, the Truth in Savings Act, the Electronic Fund 
Transfer Act, the Expedited Funds Availability Act, the Equal Credit Opportunity Act, the Fair Housing Act, the Real Estate 
Settlement  Procedures  Act,  the  Home  Mortgage  Disclosure  Act,  the  Fair  Credit  Reporting  Act,  the  Fair  Debt  Collection 
Practices Act, the Right to Financial Privacy Act, the Home Ownership and Equity Protection Act, the Consumer Leasing Act, 
the Fair Credit Billing Act, the Homeowners Protection Act, the Check Clearing for the 21st Century Act, laws governing flood 
insurance,  laws  governing  consumer  protections  in  connection  with  the  sale  of  insurance,  federal  and  state  laws  prohibiting 
unfair and deceptive business practices, and various regulations that implement some or all of the foregoing.  These laws and 
regulations  mandate  certain  disclosure  requirements  and  regulate  the  manner  in  which  financial  institutions  must  deal  with 
customers  when  taking  deposits,  making  loans,  collecting  loans,  and  providing  other  services.    Failure  to  comply  with  these 
laws and regulations can subject the Bank to various penalties, including but not limited to, enforcement actions, injunctions, 
fines, civil liability, criminal penalties, punitive damages, and the loss of certain contractual rights.

Regulation of the Company

General.  The Company, as the sole shareholder of the Bank, is a bank holding company registered with the Federal 
Reserve.    Bank  holding  companies  are  subject  to  comprehensive  regulation  by  the  Federal  Reserve  under  the  Bank  Holding 
Company Act of 1956, as amended (“BHCA”), and the regulations promulgated thereunder.  This regulation and oversight is 
generally  intended  to  ensure  that  the  Company  limits  its  activities  to  those  allowed  by  law  and  that  it  operates  in  a  safe  and 
sound manner without endangering the financial health of the Bank.

As  a  bank  holding  company,  the  Company  is  required  to  file  quarterly  reports  with  the  Federal  Reserve  and  any 
additional  information  required  by  the  Federal  Reserve  and  is  subject  to  regular  examinations  by  the  Federal  Reserve.    The 
Federal  Reserve  also  has  extensive  enforcement  authority  over  bank  holding  companies,  including  the  ability  to  assess  civil 
money  penalties,  to  issue  cease  and  desist  or  removal  orders  and  to  require  that  a  holding  company  divest  subsidiaries 
(including its bank subsidiaries).  In general, enforcement actions may be initiated for violations of laws and regulations and 
unsafe or unsound practices.

32

 
 
BHCA.  The Company is supervised by the Federal Reserve under the BHCA.  Federal Reserve policy requires that a 
bank holding company serve as a source of financial and managerial strength to its subsidiary banks and may not conduct its 
operations  in  an  unsafe  or  unsound  manner.    In  addition,  the  Federal  Reserve  provides  that  bank  holding  companies  should 
serve as a source of strength to its subsidiary banks by being prepared to use available resources to provide adequate capital 
funds  to  its  subsidiary  banks  during  periods  of  financial  stress  or  adversity,  and  should  maintain  the  financial  flexibility  and 
capital raising capacity to obtain additional resources for assisting its subsidiary banks.  A bank holding company's failure to 
meet its obligation to serve as a source of strength to its subsidiary bank will generally be considered by the Federal Reserve to 
be an unsafe and unsound banking practice or a violation of the Federal Reserve's regulations or both.  The Dodd-Frank Act 
essentially codified this policy.

Under  the  BHCA,  the  Federal  Reserve  may  approve  the  ownership  of  shares  by  a  bank  holding  company  in  any 
company  the  activities  of  which  the  Federal  Reserve  has  determined  to  be  so  closely  related  to  the  business  of  banking  or 
managing or controlling banks as to be a proper incident thereto.  These activities generally include, among others, operating a 
savings  institution,  mortgage  company,  finance  company,  escrow  company,  credit  card  company  or  factoring  company; 
performing certain data processing operations; providing certain investment and financial advice; underwriting and acting as an 
insurance  agent  for  certain  types  of  credit  related  insurance;  leasing  property  on  a  full  payout,  non-operating  basis;  selling 
money orders, travelers’ checks and U.S. Savings Bonds; real estate and personal property appraising; providing tax planning 
and preparation services; and, subject to certain limitations, providing securities brokerage services for customers.

Acquisitions.  The BHCA prohibits a bank holding company, with certain exceptions, from acquiring direct or indirect 
ownership or control of more than 5% of the voting shares of any company that is not a bank or bank holding company and 
from  engaging  directly  or  indirectly  in  activities  other  than  those  of  banking,  managing  or  controlling  banks,  or  providing 
services for its subsidiaries.  Under the BHCA, the Federal Reserve may approve the ownership of shares by a bank holding 
company in any company, the activities of which the Federal Reserve has determined to be so closely related to the business of 
banking  or  managing  or  controlling  banks  as  to  be  a  proper  incident  thereto.  A  bank  holding  company  that  meets  certain 
supervisory  and  financial  standards  and  elects  to  be  designated  as  a  financial  holding  company  may  also  engage  in  certain 
securities, insurance and merchant banking activities and other activities determined to be financial in nature or incidental to 
financial  activities.    The  Federal  Reserve  much  approve  the  acquisition  (or  acquisition  of  control)  of  a  bank  or  other  FDIC-
insured depository institution by a bank holding company, and the appropriate federal banking regulator must approve a bank's 
acquisition (or acquisition of control) of another bank or other FDIC-insured institution.  

Interstate Banking.  The Federal Reserve may approve an application of a bank holding company to acquire control 
of, or acquire all or substantially all of the assets of, a bank located in a state other than such holding company's home state, 
without regard to whether the transaction is prohibited by the laws of any state except with respect to the acquisition of a bank 
that has not been in existence for the minimum time period, not exceeding five years, specified by the law of the host state.  The 
Federal  Reserve  may  not  approve  an  application  if  the  applicant  controls  or  would  control  more  than  10%  of  the  insured 
deposits  in  the  U.S.  or  30%  or  more  of  the  deposits  in  the  target  bank's  home  state  or  in  any  state  in  which  the  target  bank 
maintains a branch.  Federal law does not affect the authority of states to limit the percentage of total insured deposits in the 
state that may be held or controlled by a bank holding company to the extent such limitation does not discriminate against out-
of-state banks or bank holding companies.  Individual states may also waive the 30% state-wide concentration limit contained 
in the federal law.

The federal banking agencies are authorized to approve interstate merger transactions without regard to whether such 
transaction is prohibited by the law of any state, unless the home state of one of the banks adopted a law prior to June 1, 1997 
which  applies  equally  to  all  out-of-state  banks  and  expressly  prohibits  merger  transactions  involving  out-of-state  banks. 
Interstate  acquisitions  of  branches  will  be  permitted  only  if  the  law  of  the  state  in  which  the  branch  is  located  permits  such 
acquisitions.    Interstate  mergers  and  branch  acquisitions  are  also  generally  subject  to  the  nationwide  and  statewide  insured 
deposit concentration amounts described above.

Dividends.  Federal Reserve policy limits the payment of cash dividends by bank holding companies, which expresses 
the Federal Reserve's view that a bank holding company should pay cash dividends only to the extent that the company's net 
income for the past year is sufficient to cover both the cash dividends and a rate of earning retention that is consistent with the 
company's capital needs, asset quality and overall financial condition, and that it is inappropriate for a company experiencing 
serious financial problems to borrow funds to pay dividends.  Under Washington corporate law, the Company generally may 
not  pay  dividends  if  after  that  payment  it  would  not  be  able  to  pay  its  liabilities  as  they  become  due  in  the  usual  course  of 
business, or its total assets would be less than its total liabilities.  The capital conservation buffer requirement can also limit 
dividends.

33

 
Stock  Repurchases.    Bank  holding  companies,  except  for  certain  “well-capitalized”  and  highly  rated  bank  holding 
companies, are required to give the Federal Reserve prior written notice of any purchase or redemption of its outstanding equity 
securities  if  the  consideration  for  the  purchase  or  redemption,  when  combined  with  the  net  consideration  paid  for  all  such 
purchases  or  redemptions  during  the  preceding  12  months,  is  equal  to  10%  or  more  of  their  consolidated  net  worth.    The 
Federal  Reserve  may  disapprove  a  purchase  or  redemption  if  it  determines  that  the  proposal  would  constitute  an  unsafe  or 
unsound  practice  or  would  violate  any  law,  regulation,  Federal  Reserve  order,  or  any  condition  imposed  by,  or  written 
agreement with, the Federal Reserve.  

Capital Requirements.  As a bank holding company registered with the Federal Reserve, the Company is subject to 
the capital adequacy requirements of the Federal Reserve under the BHCA and the regulations of the Federal Reserve. For a 
bank holding company with less than $3.00 billion in assets, the capital guidelines apply on a bank only basis, and the Federal 
Reserve expects the holding company's subsidiary bank to be well capitalized under the prompt corrective action regulations.  If 
the  Company  were  subject  to  regulatory  guidelines  for  bank  holding  companies  with  $3.00  billion  or  more  in  assets,  at 
September 30, 2020, the Company would have exceeded all regulatory requirements. 

The  following  table  presents  the  regulatory  capital  ratios  for  the  Company  as  of    September  30,  2020  (Dollars  in 

thousands):

Leverage Capital Ratio:
Tier 1 capital

Risk-based Capital Ratios:
CET1 capital

Tier 1 capital

Total capital

Actual

Amount

Ratio

$ 

172,000 

 11.3% 

172,000 

172,000 

182,805 

 20.1 

 20.1 

 21.3 

For  additional  information  see  Note  18  to  the  Consolidated  Financial  Statements  contained  in  "Item  8.  Financial 

Statements and Supplementary Data" of this Form 10-K.

The  Dodd-Frank  Wall  Street  Reform  and  Consumer  Protection  Act  of  2010.    Among  other  requirements,  the 
Dodd-Frank Act requires public companies, such as Timberland Bancorp, to (i) provide their shareholders with a non-binding 
vote (a) at least once every three years on the compensation paid to executive officers and (b) at least once every six years on 
whether they should have a “say on pay” vote every one, two or three years; (ii) have a separate, non-binding shareholder vote 
regarding  golden  parachutes  for  named  executive  officers  when  a  shareholder  vote  takes  place  on  mergers,  acquisitions, 
dispositions or other transactions that would trigger the parachute payments; (iii) provide disclosure in annual proxy materials 
concerning  the  relationship  between  the  executive  compensation  paid  and  the  financial  performance  of  the  issuer;  and  (iv) 
amend  Item  402  of  Regulation  S-K  to  require  companies  to  disclose  the  ratio  of  the  Chief  Executive  Officer's  annual  total 
compensation to the median annual total compensation of all other employees.  For certain of these changes, the implementing 
regulations have not been promulgated, so the full impact of the Dodd-Frank Act on public companies cannot be determined at 
this time.

2018 Regulatory Reform. In May 2018 the Economic Growth, Regulatory Relief and Consumer Protection Act (the 
“2018  Act”),  was  enacted  to  modify  or  remove  certain  financial  reform  rules  and  regulations,  including  some  of  those 
implemented  under  the  Dodd-Frank  Act.    While  the  2018  Act  maintains  most  of  the  regulatory  structure  established  by  the 
Dodd-Frank Act, it amends certain aspects of the regulatory framework for small depository institutions with assets of less than 
$10  billion  and  for  large  banks  with  assets  of  more  than  $50  billion.  Many  of  these  changes  could  result  in  meaningful 
regulatory changes for community banks such as the Bank, and their holding companies.

The 2018 Act, among other matters, expands the definition of qualified mortgages which may be held by a financial 
institution  and  simplifies  the  regulatory  capital  rules  for  financial  institutions  and  their  holding  companies  with  total 
consolidated assets of less than $10 billion by instructing the federal banking regulators to establish a single CBLR of between 
8 and 10 percent, as described above. Any qualifying depository institution or its holding company that exceeds the CBLR will 
be  considered  to  have  met  generally  applicable  leverage  and  risk-based  regulatory  capital  requirements  and  any  qualifying 
depository institution that exceeds the new ratio will be considered to be “well capitalized” under the prompt corrective action 
rules. 

34

 
 
 
The 2018 Act also expands the category of holding companies that may rely on the “Small Bank Holding Company 
and  Savings  and  Loan  Holding  Company  Policy  Statement”  by  raising  the  maximum  amount  of  assets  a  qualifying  holding 
company may have from $1 billion to $3 billion.  A major effect of this change is to exclude such holding companies from the 
minimum  capital  requirements  of  the  Dodd-Frank  Act.    In  addition,  the  2018  Act  includes  regulatory  relief  for  community 
banks  regarding  regulatory  examination  cycles,  call  reports,  the  Volcker  Rule  (proprietary  trading  prohibitions),  mortgage 
disclosures and risk weights for certain high-risk commercial real estate loans.

It is difficult at this time to predict when or how any new standards under the 2018 Act will ultimately be applied to us 
or  what  specific  impact  the  2018  Act  and  the  yet-to-be-written  implementing  rules  and  regulations  will  have  on  community 
banks.

Taxation

Federal Taxation

General.    The  Company  and  the  Bank  report  their  operations  on  a  fiscal  year  basis  using  the  accrual  method  of 
accounting and are subject to federal income taxation in the same manner as other corporations.  The following discussion of 
tax matters is intended only as a summary and does not purport to be a comprehensive description of the tax rules applicable to 
the Bank or the Company.

On December 22, 2017, the U.S. Government enacted comprehensive tax legislation commonly referred to as the Tax 
Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Tax Act”). The Tax Act amends the Internal Revenue Code to reduce tax rates and modify policies, 
credits, and deductions for individuals and businesses.  For businesses, the Tax Act reduced the corporate federal income tax 
rate from a maximum of 35.0% to a flat 21.0%.  The corporate federal income tax rate reduction was effective January 1, 2018.  
Since the Company has a fiscal year end of September 30, the reduced federal corporate income tax rate for fiscal year 2018 
was the result of the application of a blended federal statutory tax rate of 24.5%, which was based on the applicable tax rates 
before and after the Tax Act and corresponding number of days in the fiscal year before and after enactment, and then a 21.0% 
federal  corporate  income  tax  rate  for  fiscal  2019  and  thereafter.  The  Tax  Act  also  required  a  revaluation  of  the  Company’s 
deferred tax assets and liabilities to account for the future impact of lower corporate income tax rates and other provisions of the 
legislation.  As a result of the Company’s revaluation, the net deferred tax asset (“DTA”) was reduced through an increase to 
the provision for income taxes.  The revaluation of the DTA balance resulted in a one-time increase for the fiscal year ended 
September  30,  2018  to  federal  income  tax  of  $548,000.    For  additional  details  see  Note  14  of  the  Notes  to  Consolidated 
Financial Statements contained in "Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data." 

Dividends-Received Deduction. The Company may exclude from its income 100.0% of dividends received from the 
Bank as a member of the same affiliated group of corporations.  The corporate dividends-received deduction is generally 70.0% 
in  the  case  of  dividends  received  from  unaffiliated  corporations  with  which  the  Company  and  the  Bank  will  not  file  a 
consolidated tax return, except that if the Company or the Bank owns more than 20.0% of the stock of a corporation distributing 
a dividend, then 80.0% of any dividends received may be deducted.

Audits.  The Company is no longer subject to U.S. federal tax examination by tax authorities for years ended on or 

before September 30, 2016.

Washington Taxation

The Company and the Bank are subject to a business and occupation tax imposed under Washington law at the rate of 
1.8% of gross receipts at September 30, 2020.   Interest received on loans secured by mortgages or deeds of trust on residential 
properties, certain residential mortgage-backed securities, and certain U.S. government and agency securities is not subject to 
this tax.

Competition

The  Bank  operates  in  an  intensely  competitive  market  for  the  attraction  of  deposits  (generally  its  primary  source  of 
lendable funds) and in the origination of loans.  Historically, its most direct competition for deposits has come from commercial 
banks,  thrift  institutions  and  credit  unions  in  its  primary  market  area.    In  times  of  high  interest  rates,  the  Bank  experiences 
additional  significant  competition  for  investors'  funds  from  short-term  money  market  securities  and  other  corporate  and 
government securities.  The Bank's competition for loans comes principally from mortgage bankers, commercial banks, thrift 

35

 
 
institutions and credit unions.  Such competition for deposits and the origination of loans may limit the Bank's future growth 
and earnings prospects.

Subsidiary Activities

The Bank has one wholly-owned subsidiary, Timberland Service Corporation (“Timberland Service”), whose primary 

function is to provide escrow services. 

Employees and Human Capital Resources

As of September 30, 2020, the Company had 267 full-time employees and 19 part-time and on-call employees.  The 
employees are not represented by a collective bargaining unit, and the Company believes its relationship with its employees is 
good.    We  believe  our  ability  to  attract  and  retain  employees  is  a  key  to  our  success.    Accordingly,  we  strive  to  offer 
competitive salaries and employee benefits to all employees and monitor salaries in our market areas.

Executive Officers of the Registrant

The following table sets forth certain information with respect to the executive officers of the Company and the Bank:

Executive Officers of the Company and Bank

Age at
September 
30, 2020
66

53

69

46

63

51

Company

Bank

Position

President and Chief Executive 
Officer

President and Chief Executive Officer

Executive Vice President, Chief 
Financial Officer and Secretary

Executive Vice President, Chief 
Financial Officer and Secretary

Executive Vice President of Lending

Executive Vice President of Lending

Executive Vice President and
 Chief Operating Officer

Executive Vice President and
  Chief Credit Administrator

Senior Vice President and
  Treasurer

Executive Vice President and
  Chief Operating Officer

Executive Vice President and
  Chief Credit Administrator

Senior Vice President and Treasurer

Name

Michael R. Sand

Dean J. Brydon

Robert A. Drugge

Jonathan A. Fischer

Edward C. Foster

Marci A. Basich

Biographical Information.

Michael  R.  Sand  has  been  affiliated  with  the  Bank  since  1977  and  has  served  as  President  of  the  Bank  and  the 
Company  since  January  23,  2003.    On  September  30,  2003,  he  was  appointed  as  Chief  Executive  Officer  of  the  Bank  and 
Company.  Prior to appointment as President and Chief Executive Officer, Mr. Sand had served as Executive Vice President 
and  Secretary  of  the  Bank  since  1993  and  as  Executive  Vice  President  and  Secretary  of  the  Company  since  its  formation  in 
1997.

Dean  J.  Brydon  has  been  affiliated  with  the  Bank  since  1994  and  has  served  as  the  Chief  Financial  Officer  of  the 
Company  and  the  Bank  since  January  2000  and  Secretary  of  the  Company  and  Bank  since  January  2004.    Mr.  Brydon  is  a 
Certified Public Accountant.

Robert A. Drugge has been affiliated with the Bank since April 2006 and has served as Executive Vice President of 
Lending since September 2006.  Prior to joining Timberland, Mr. Drugge was employed at Bank of America as a senior officer 
and most recently served as Senior Vice President and Commercial Banking Manager.  Mr. Drugge began his banking career at 
Seafirst in 1974, which was acquired by Bank America Corp. and became known as Bank of America.

36

 
 
Jonathan A. Fischer has been affiliated with the Bank since October 1997 and has served as Chief Operating Officer 
since August 23, 2012.  Prior to that, Mr. Fischer had served as the Chief Risk Officer since October 2010.  Mr. Fischer had 
also served as the Compliance Officer, Community Reinvestment Act Officer, and Privacy Officer since January 2000.

Edward  C.  Foster  has  been  affiliated  with  the  Bank  and  has  served  as  Chief  Credit  Administrator  since  February 
2012.  Prior  to  joining  the  Bank,  Mr.  Foster  was  employed  by  the  FDIC,  where  he  served  as  a  Loan  Review  Specialist  from 
January 2011 to February 2012. Mr. Foster owned a credit administration consulting business from February 2010 to January 
2011. Prior to that, Mr. Foster served as the Chief Credit Officer for Carson River Community Bank from April 2008 through 
February 2010. Before joining Carson River Community Bank, Mr. Foster served as a Senior Regional Credit Officer for Omni 
National Bank from September 2006 through March 2008.

Marci A. Basich has been affiliated with the Bank since 1999 and has served as Treasurer of the Company and the 

Bank since January 2002.  Ms. Basich is a Certified Public Accountant.

Item 1A.  Risk Factors

We assume and manage a certain degree of risk in order to conduct our business strategy.  In addition to the 
risk factors described below, other risks and uncertainties not specifically mentioned, or that are currently known to, or 
deemed  to  be  immaterial  by  management,  also  may  materially  and  adversely  affect  our  financial  position,  results  of 
operations and/or cash flows.  Before making an investment decision, you should carefully consider the risks described 
below together with all of the other information included in this Form 10-K and our other filings with the SEC.  If any 
of  the  circumstances  described  in  the  following  risk  factors  actually  occur  to  a  significant  degree,  the  value  of  our 
common stock could decline, and you could lose all or part of your investment. This report is qualified in its entirety by 
these risk factors.

Risks Related to the COVID-19 Pandemic and Associated Economic Slowdown

The  COVID-19  pandemic  has  adversely  impacted  our  ability  to  conduct  business  and  is  expected  to  adversely  impact  our 
financial  results  and  those  of  our  customers.  The  ultimate  impact  will  depend  on  future  developments,  which  are  highly 
uncertain and cannot be predicted, including the scope and duration of the pandemic and actions taken by governmental 
authorities in response to the pandemic.

The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly adversely affected our operations and the way we provide banking services 
to  businesses  and  individuals,  many  of  whom  are  currently  under  some  level  of  government  restrictions.    As  an  essential 
business,  we  continue  to  provide  banking  and  financial  services  to  our  customers  with  drive-thru  access  available  at  the 
majority of our branch locations and in-person services available by appointment.  We have also opened several branch lobbies 
with  modified  access.    In  addition,  we  continue  to  provide  access  to  banking  and  financial  services  through  online  banking, 
ATMs  and  by  telephone.    If  the  COVID-19  pandemic  worsens  it  could  limit  or  disrupt  our  ability  to  provide  banking  and 
financial services to our customers.

A number of our employees currently are working remotely to enable us to continue to provide banking services to our 
customers.    Heightened  cybersecurity,  information  security  and  operational  risks  may  result  from  these  remote  work-from-
home arrangements. We also could be adversely affected if key personnel or a significant number of employees were to become 
unavailable  due  to  the  effects  and  restrictions  of  the  COVID-19  pandemic.    We  also  rely  upon  our  third-party  vendors  to 
conduct business and to process, record and monitor transactions. If any of these vendors are unable to continue to provide us 
with these services, it could negatively impact our ability to serve our customers.  Although we have business continuity plans 
and other safeguards in place, there is no assurance that such plans and safeguards will be effective.

There is pervasive uncertainty surrounding the future economic conditions that will emerge in the months and years 
following  the  start  of  the  pandemic.    As  a  result,  management  is  confronted  with  a  significant  and  unfamiliar  degree  of 
uncertainty  in  estimating  the  impact  of  the  pandemic  on  credit  quality,  revenues  and  asset  values.    To  date,  the  COVID-19 
pandemic has resulted in changes in the demand for certain loan types, including government sponsored programs such as the 
Paycheck Protection Program ("PPP") through August 2020, deposit availability, market interest rates and negatively impacted 
many of our business and consumer borrower’s ability to make their loan payments.  Because the length of the pandemic and 
the efficacy of the extraordinary measures being put in place to address its economic consequences are unknown, including a 
continued  low  targeted  federal  funds  rate,  until  the  pandemic  subsides,  we  expect  our  net  interest  income  and  net  interest 
margin will be adversely affected.  Many of our borrowers have become unemployed or may face unemployment, and certain 
businesses are at risk of insolvency as their revenues decline precipitously, especially in businesses related to travel, hospitality, 
leisure  and  physical  personal  services.  Businesses  may  ultimately  not  reopen  as  there  is  a  significant  level  of  uncertainty 

37

 
regarding the level of economic activity that will return to our markets over time, the impact of governmental assistance, the 
speed of economic recovery, the resurgence of COVID-19 in subsequent seasons and changes to demographic and social norms 
that will take place. 

The  impact  of  the  pandemic  is  expected  to  continue  to  adversely  affect  us  during  the  2021  fiscal  year  and  possibly 
longer as the ability of many of our customers to make loan payments has been significantly affected. Although the Company 
makes estimates of loan losses related to the pandemic as part of its evaluation of the allowance for loan losses, such estimates 
involve significant judgment and are made in the context of significant uncertainty as to the impact the pandemic will have on 
the credit quality of our loan portfolio.  Consistent with guidance provided by banking regulators, we have modified loans by 
providing various loan payment deferral options to our borrowers affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Notwithstanding these 
modifications,  not  all  of  these  borrowers  may  be  able  to  resume  making  full  payments  on  their  loans  once  the  COVID-19 
pandemic is resolved. Any increases in the allowance for credit losses will result in a decrease in net income and, most likely, 
capital, and may have a material negative effect on our financial condition and results of operations.  

As of September 30, 2020, we hold and service SBA PPP loans with an aggregate balance of $126.82 million. These 
SBA PPP loans are subject to the provisions of the CARES Act and to complex and evolving rules and guidance issued by the 
SBA  and  other  government  agencies.    We  expect  that  the  great  majority  of  our  SBA  PPP  borrowers  will  seek  full  or  partial 
forgiveness of their loan obligations.  We have credit risk on SBA PPP loans if the SBA determines that there is a deficiency in 
the manner in which we originated, funded or serviced loans, including any issue with the eligibility of a borrower to receive a 
SBA PPP loan.  We could face additional risks in our administrative capabilities to service our SBA PPP loans, and risk with 
respect to the determination of loan forgiveness, depending on the final procedures for determining loan forgiveness.  In the 
event of a loss resulting from a default on a SBA PPP loan and a determination by the SBA that there was a deficiency in the 
manner in which we originated, funded or serviced a SBA PPP loan, the SBA may deny its liability under the guaranty, reduce 
the  amount  of  the  guaranty  or,  if  the  SBA  has  already  paid  under  the  guaranty,  seek  recovery  of  any  loss  related  to  the 
deficiency from us. 

In accordance with GAAP, we record assets acquired and liabilities assumed at their fair value with the excess of the 
purchase consideration over the net assets acquired resulting in the recognition of goodwill.  If adverse economic conditions or 
the recent decrease in our stock price and market capitalization as a result of the pandemic were to be deemed sustained rather 
than temporary, it may significantly affect the fair value of our goodwill and may trigger impairment charges. Any impairment 
charge could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition. 

We are an entity separate and distinct from our principal subsidiary, Timberland Bank, and derive substantially all of 
our revenue at the holding company level in the form of dividends from that subsidiary.  If the COVID-19 pandemic were to 
materially adversely affect Timberland  Bank’s regulatory capital levels or liquidity, it may result in Timberland Bank being 
unable to pay dividends to us, which may result in our not being able to pay dividends on our common stock at the same rate or 
at all.

Even  after  the  COVID-19  pandemic  subsides,  the  U.S.  economy  will  likely  require  some  time  to  recover  from  its 
effects,  the  length  of  which  is  unknown.  and  during  which  we  may  experience  a  recession.  As  a  result,  we  anticipate  our 
business may be materially and adversely affected during this recovery. To the extent the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic 
adversely impact our business, financial condition, liquidity or results of operations, it may also have the effect of heightening 
many of the other risks described in this section.

Risks Related to Economic Conditions

Our business may be adversely affected by downturns in the national economy and in the economies in our market areas.

Substantially all of our loans are to businesses and individuals in the state of Washington.  A decline in the economies 
of our local market areas of Grays Harbor, Pierce, Thurston, King, Kitsap and Lewis counties in which we operate, and which 
we consider to be our primary market areas, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of 
operations and prospects. Weakness  in the  global economy has adversely  affected  many businesses operating in our markets 
that are dependent upon international trade and it is not known how the recent changes in tariffs being imposed on international 
trade may also affect these businesses.

While real estate values and unemployment rates have recently improved, a deterioration in economic conditions in the 
market areas we serve could result in the following consequences, any of which could have a materially adverse impact on our 
business, financial condition and results of operations:

•
•

loan delinquencies, problem assets and foreclosures may increase;
we may increase our allowance for loan losses;

38

•
•
•

•

•

the sale of foreclosed assets may slow;
demand for our products and services may decline possibly resulting in a decrease in our total loans or assets;
collateral  for  loans  made  may  decline  in  value,  exposing  us  to  increased  risk  loans,  reducing  customers’ 
borrowing power, and reducing the value of assets and collateral associated with existing loans;
the net worth and liquidity of loan guarantors may decline, impairing their ability to honor commitments to us; 
and
the amount of our low-cost or non-interest bearing deposits may decrease and the composition of our deposits 
may be adversely affected.

A decline in local economic conditions may have a greater effect on our earnings and capital than on the earnings and 
capital of larger financial institutions whose real estate loans are geographically diverse.  Many of the loans in our portfolio are 
secured by real estate.  Deterioration in the real estate markets where collateral for a mortgage loan is located could negatively 
affect the borrower's ability to repay the loan and the value of the collateral securing the loan.  Real estate values are affected by 
various other factors, including changes in general or regional economic conditions, government rules or policies and natural 
disasters  such  as  fires  and  earthquakes.    If  we  are  required  to  liquidate  a  significant  amount  of  collateral  during  a  period  of 
reduced real estate values, our financial condition and profitability could be adversely affected.

Risks Related to our Lending Activities

Our real estate construction and land loans expose us to significant risks.

We  make  real  estate  construction  loans  to  individuals  and  builders,  primarily  for  the  construction  of  residential 
properties. We originate these loans whether or not the collateral property underlying the loan is under contract for sale.  At 
September 30, 2020, construction loans totaled $219.50 million, or 19.4% of our total loan portfolio, of which $178.64 million 
were  for  residential  real  estate  projects,  $33.14  million  for  commercial  real  estate  projects  and  $7.71  million  for  land 
development  projects.    This  compares  to  total  construction  loans  of  $223.53  million,  or  22.5%  of  our  total  loan  portfolio  at 
September 30, 2019, or a decrease of 1.8% during the past year.  Approximately $129.57 million of our residential construction 
loans at September 30, 2020 were made to finance the construction of owner-occupied homes and are structured to be converted 
to  permanent  loans  at  the  end  of  the  construction  phase.    In  general,  construction  lending  involves  additional  risks  because 
funds are advanced upon estimates of costs in relation to values associated with the completed project.  Construction lending 
involves additional risks when compared with permanent residential lending because funds are advanced upon the collateral for 
the project based on an estimate of costs that will produce a future value at completion.  Because of the uncertainties inherent in 
estimating construction costs, as well as the market value of the complete project and the effects of governmental regulation on 
real  property,  it  is  relatively  difficult  to  evaluate  accurately  the  total  funds  required  to  complete  a  project  and  the  completed 
project loan-to-value ratio.  Changes in demand for new housing and higher than anticipated building costs may cause actual 
results to vary significantly from those estimated.  For these reasons, this type of lending also typically involves higher loan 
principal amounts and may be concentrated with a small number of builders.  A downturn in housing, or the real estate market, 
could increase delinquencies, defaults and foreclosures, and significantly impair the value of our collateral and our ability to sell 
the collateral upon foreclosure.  Some of the builders we deal with have more than one loan outstanding with us.  Consequently, 
an adverse development with respect to one loan or one credit relationship can expose us to a significantly greater risk of loss.  
In addition during the term of some of our construction loans, no payment from the borrower is required since the accumulated 
interest is added to the principal of the loan through an interest reserve.  As a result, these loans often involve the disbursement 
of funds with repayment substantially dependent on the success of the ultimate project and the ability of the borrower to sell or 
lease the property or obtain permanent take-out financing, rather than the ability of the borrower or guarantor to repay principal 
and interest.  If our appraisal of the value of a completed project proves to be overstated, we may have inadequate security for 
the  repayment  of  the  loan  upon  completion  of  construction  of  the  project  and  may  incur  a  loss.    Because  construction  loans 
require  active  monitoring  of  the  building  process,  including  cost  comparisons  and  on-site  inspections,  these  loans  are  more 
difficult and costly to monitor.  Increases in market rates of interest may have a more pronounced effect on construction loans 
by  rapidly  increasing  the  end-purchaser's  borrowing  costs,  thereby  possibly  reducing  the  homeowner's  ability  to  finance  the 
home  upon  completion  or  the  overall  demand  for  the  project.    Properties  under  construction  are  often  difficult  to  sell  and 
typically  must  be  completed  in  order  to  be  successfully  sold  which  also  complicates  the  process  of  working  our  problem 
construction  loans.    This  may  require  us  to  advance  additional  funds  and/or  contract  with  another  builder  to  complete 
construction and assume the market risk of selling the project at a future market price, which may or may not enable us to fully 
recover  unpaid  loan  funds  and  associated  construction  and  liquidation  costs.    Furthermore,  in  the  case  of  speculative 
construction  loans,  there  is  the  added  risk  associated  with  identifying  an  end-purchaser  for  the  finished  project.    At 
September 30, 2020, $14.59 million of our construction portfolio was comprised of speculative one- to four-family construction 
loans.  We also make land loans for the acquisition of land upon which the purchaser can then build or make improvements 
necessary to build or to use for recreational purposes.  At September 30, 2020, land loans totaled $25.71 million, or 2.3% of our 
total loan portfolio.  Loans on land under development or held for future construction as well as land loans made to individuals 
for the future construction of a residence also pose additional risk because the length of time from financing to completion of a 

39

development  project  is  significantly  longer  than  for  a  traditional  construction  loan,  which  makes  them  more  susceptible  to 
declines  in  real  estate  values,  declines  in  overall  economic  conditions  which  may  delay  the  development  of  the  land  and 
changes in the political landscape that could affect the permitted and intended use of the land being financed, and the potential 
illiquid nature of the collateral.  In addition, during this long period of time from financing to completion, the collateral often 
does not generate any cash flow to support the debt service.  At September 30, 2020, all construction loans were performing in 
accordance  to  their  terms  and  $394,000  of  land  loans  were  non-performing.    A  material  increase  in  our  non-performing 
construction or land loans could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operation.

Our emphasis on commercial real estate lending may expose us to increased lending risks.

Our current business strategy includes an emphasis on commercial real estate lending.  This type of lending activity, 
while  potentially  more  profitable  than  single-family  residential  lending,  is  generally  more  sensitive  to  regional  and  local 
economic  conditions,  making  loss  levels  more  difficult  to  predict.    Collateral  evaluation  and  financial  statement  analysis  in 
these types of loans requires a more detailed analysis at the time of loan underwriting and on an ongoing basis.  In our primary 
market  of  western  Washington,  a  downturn  in  the  real  estate  market  could  increase  loan  delinquencies,  defaults  and 
foreclosures, and significantly impair the value of our collateral and our ability to sell the collateral upon foreclosure.  Many of 
our commercial borrowers have more than one loan outstanding with us.  Consequently, an adverse development with respect to 
one loan or one credit relationship can expose us to a significantly greater risk of loss.

At September 30, 2020, we had $453.57 million of commercial real estate mortgage loans, representing 40.0% of our 
total  loan  portfolio.    These  loans  typically  involve  higher  principal  amounts  than  other  types  of  loans,  and  repayment  is 
dependent upon income generated, or expected to be generated, by the property securing the loan in amounts sufficient to cover 
operating expenses and debt service, which may be adversely affected by changes in the economy or local market conditions.  
For example, if the cash flow from the borrower’s project is reduced as a result of leases not being obtained or renewed, the 
borrower’s ability to repay the loan may be impaired.  Commercial real estate loans also expose a lender to greater credit risk 
than  loans  secured  by  residential  real  estate  because  the  collateral  securing  these  loans  typically  cannot  be  sold  as  easily  as 
residential real estate.  In addition, many of our commercial real estate loans are not fully amortizing and contain large balloon 
payments upon maturity.  Such balloon payments may require the borrower to either sell or refinance the underlying property in 
order to make the payment, which may increase the risk of default or non-payment.

A secondary market for most types of commercial real estate loans is not readily liquid, so we have less opportunity to 
mitigate credit risk by selling part or all of our interest in these loans.  As a result of these characteristics, if we foreclose on a 
commercial  real  estate  loan,  our  holding  period  for  the  collateral  typically  is  longer  than  for  one-  to  four-family  residential 
mortgage  loans  because  there  are  fewer  potential  purchasers  of  the  collateral.    Accordingly,  charge-offs  on  commercial  real 
estate loans may be larger as a percentage of the total principal outstanding than those incurred with our residential or consumer 
loan portfolios.

The level of our commercial real estate loan portfolio may subject us to additional regulatory scrutiny.

The FDIC, the Federal Reserve and the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency have promulgated joint guidance on 
sound  risk  management  practices  for  financial  institutions  with  concentrations  in  commercial  real  estate  lending.  Under  this 
guidance,  a  financial  institution  that,  like  us,  is  actively  involved  in  commercial  real  estate  lending  should  perform  a  risk 
assessment  to  identify  concentrations.    A  financial  institution  may  have  a  concentration  in  commercial  real  estate  lending  if, 
among other factors (i) total reported loans for construction, land development and other land represent 100% or more of total 
capital, or (ii) total reported loans secured by multi-family and non-farm non-residential properties, loans for construction, land 
development  and  other  land,  and  loans  otherwise  sensitive  to  the  general  commercial  real  estate  market,  including  loans  to 
commercial  real  estate  related  entities,  represent  300%  or  more  of  total  capital.    The  particular  focus  of  the  guidance  is  on 
exposure to commercial real estate loans that are dependent on the cash flow from the real estate held as collateral and that are 
likely  to  be  at  greater  risk  to  conditions  in  the  commercial  real  estate  market  (as  opposed  to  real  estate  collateral  held  as  a 
secondary source of repayment or as an abundance of caution).  The purpose of the guidance is to guide banks in developing 
risk  management  practices  and  capital  levels  commensurate  with  the  level  and  nature  of  real  estate  concentrations.    The 
guidance  states  that  management  should  employ  heightened  risk  management  practices  including  board  and  management 
oversight  and  strategic  planning,  development  of  underwriting  standards,  risk  assessment  and  monitoring  through  market 
analysis  and  stress  testing.    We  have  concluded  that  we  have  a  concentration  in  commercial  real  estate  lending  because  our 
balance in commercial real estate loans (including owner-occupied loans) at September 30, 2020 represents more than 300% of 
total capital.  While we believe we have implemented policies and procedures with respect to our commercial real estate loan 
portfolio  consistent  with  this  guidance,  bank  regulators  could  require  us  to  implement  additional  policies  and  procedures 
consistent with their interpretation of the guidance that may result in additional costs to us.

40

Repayment  of  our  commercial  business  loans  is  often  dependent  on  the  cash  flows  of  the  borrower,  which  may  be 
unpredictable, and the collateral securing these loans may fluctuate in value.

At September 30, 2020, we had $69.54 million, or 6.1%, of total loans in commercial business loans (excluding SBA 
PPP  loans).    Commercial  business  lending  involves  risks  that  are  different  from  those  associated  with  residential  and 
commercial real estate lending.  Real estate lending is generally considered to be collateral based lending with loan amounts 
based  on  predetermined  loan  to  collateral  values  and  liquidation  of  the  underlying  real  estate  collateral  being  viewed  as  the 
primary source of repayment in the event of borrower default.  Our commercial business loans are primarily made based on the 
cash flow of the borrower and secondarily on the underlying collateral provided by the borrower.  The borrowers' cash flow 
may be unpredictable, and collateral securing these loans may fluctuate in value.  Although commercial business loans are often 
collateralized by equipment, inventory, accounts receivable, or other business assets, the liquidation of collateral in the event of 
default is often an insufficient source of repayment because accounts receivable may be uncollectible and inventories may be 
obsolete or of limited use, among other things.  Accordingly, the repayment of commercial business loans depends primarily on 
the cash flow and credit worthiness of the borrower and secondarily on the underlying collateral provided by the borrower.

Our business may be adversely affected by credit risk associated with residential property.

At  September  30,  2020,  $150.66  million,  or  13.3%,  of  our  total  loan  portfolio  was  secured  by  one-  to  four-family 
mortgage loans and home equity loans.  This type of lending is generally sensitive to regional and local economic conditions 
that significantly impact the ability of borrowers to meet their loan payment obligations, making loss levels difficult to predict.  
Recessionary  conditions  or  declines  in  the  volume  of  single-family  real  estate  and/or  the  sales  prices  as  well  as  elevated 
unemployment rates may result in higher than expected loan delinquencies or problem assets, and a decline in demand for our 
products and services.  These potential negative events may cause us to incur losses, adversely affect our capital and liquidity 
and damage our financial condition and business operations.  Further, a decline in residential real estate values resulting from a 
downturn in the Washington housing market may reduce the value of the real estate collateral securing these types of loans and 
increase our risk of loss if borrowers default on their loans.

Many of our residential mortgage loans are secured by liens on mortgage properties in which the borrowers have little 
or no equity because either we originated the loan with a relatively high combined loan-to-value ratio or because of the decline 
in  home  values  in  our  market  areas  subsequent  to  when  the  loans  were  originated.    Residential  loans  with  combined  higher 
loan-to-value ratios will be more sensitive to declining property values than those with lower combined loan-to-value ratios and 
therefore may experience a higher incidence of default and severity of losses.  In addition, if the borrowers sell their homes, 
such borrowers may be unable to repay their loans in full from the sale proceeds.  Further, a significant amount of our home 
equity lines of credit consist of second mortgage loans. For those home equity lines secured by a second mortgage, it is unlikely 
that we will be successful in recovering all or a portion of our loan proceeds in the event of default unless we are prepared to 
repay the first mortgage loan and such repayment and the costs associated with a foreclosure are justified by the value of the 
property.  For these reasons, we may experience higher rates of delinquencies, default and losses on our residential loans.

Our allowance for loan losses may prove to be insufficient to absorb losses in our loan portfolio.

Lending money is a substantial part of our business, and each loan carries a certain risk that it will not be repaid in 
accordance with its terms or that any underlying collateral will not be sufficient to assure repayment.  This risk is affected by, 
among other things:

•
•
•
•
•

the cash flow of the borrower and/or the project being financed;
the changes and uncertainties as to the future value of the collateral, in the case of a collateralized loan;
the duration of the loan;
the credit history of a particular borrower; and
changes in economic and industry conditions.

We maintain an allowance for loan losses, which is a reserve established through a provision for loan losses charged 
against operating income, which we believe is appropriate to provide for probable losses in our loan portfolio.  The amount of 
this allowance is determined by our management through periodic comprehensive reviews and consideration of several factors, 
including, but not limited to:

•
•
•
•
•

an ongoing review of the quality, size and diversity of the loan portfolio;
evaluation of non-performing loans;
historical default and loss experience;
existing economic conditions and management's expectations of future events;
risk characteristics of the various classifications of loans; 

41

•
•

the amount and quality of collateral, including guarantees, securing the loans; and
regulatory requirements and expectations.

The  determination  of  the  appropriate  level  of  the  allowance  for  loan  losses  inherently  involves  a  high  degree  of 
subjectivity and requires us to make various assumptions and judgments about the collectability of our loan portfolio, including 
the creditworthiness of our borrowers and the value of the real estate and other assets serving as collateral for the repayment of  
many of our loans.  In determining the amount of the allowance for loan losses, we review our loans and the loss experience 
and  evaluate  economic  conditions  and  make  significant  estimates  of  current  credit  risks  and  future  trends,  all  of  which  may 
undergo material changes.  If our estimates are incorrect, the allowance for loan losses may not be sufficient to cover losses 
inherent  in  our  loan  portfolio,  resulting  in  the  need  for  increases  in  our  allowance  for  loan  losses  through  the  provision  for 
losses on loans which is charged against income.  Management also recognizes that significant new growth in loan portfolios, 
new  loan  products  and  the  refinancing  of  existing  loans  can  result  in  portfolios  comprised  of  unseasoned  loans  that  may  not 
perform in a historical or projected manner and will increase the risk that our allowance may be insufficient to absorb losses 
without  significant  additional  provisions.    Further,  the  Financial  Accounting  Standards  Board  has  adopted  a  new  accounting 
standard  that  will  be  effective  for  our  fiscal  year  beginning  October  1,  2023.  This  standard,  referred  to  as  Current  Expected 
Credit  Loss  ("CECL")  will  require  financial  institutions  to  determine  periodic  estimates  of  lifetime  expected  credit  losses  on 
loans,  and  recognize  the  expected  credit  losses  as  allowances  for  credit  losses.    This  will  change  the  current  method  of 
providing  allowances  for  credit  losses  that  are  probable.    We  anticipate  that  our  allowance  for  loan  losses  will  increase  as  a 
result  of  the  implementation  of  CECL,  however,  until  our  evaluation  is  complete,  the  magnitude  of  the  increase  will  be 
unknown.

Deterioration in economic conditions affecting borrowers, new information regarding existing loans, identification of 
additional problem loans and other factors, both within and outside of our control, may also require an increase in the allowance 
for  loan  losses.    In  addition,  bank  regulatory  agencies  periodically  review  our  allowance  for  loan  losses  and  may  require  an 
increase in the provision for possible loan losses or the recognition of further loan charge-offs, based on judgments different 
from  those  of  management.    If  charge-offs  in  future  periods  exceed  the  allowance  for  loan  losses,  we  will  need  additional 
provisions  to  replenish  the  allowance  for  loan  losses.    Any  additional  provisions  will  result  in  a  decrease  in  net  income  and 
possibly capital, and may have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

If our non-performing assets increase, our earnings will be adversely affected.

At  September  30,  2020  our  non-performing  assets  (which  consist  of  non-accruing  loans,  accruing  loans  90  days  or 
more  past  due,  non-accrual  investment  securities,  and  OREO  and  other  repossessed  assets)  were  $4.16  million,  or  0.27%  of 
total assets. Our non-performing assets adversely affect our net income in various ways:

• We do not record interest income on non-accrual loans or non-performing investment securities, except on a cash basis 

when the collectibility of the principal is not in doubt.

• We must provide for probable loan losses through a current period charge to the provision for loan losses.
•

Non-interest  expense  increases  when  we  must  write  down  the  value  of  properties  in  our  OREO  portfolio  to  reflect 
changing market values.
Non-interest  income  decreases  when  we  must  recognize  other-than-temporary  impairment  on  non-performing 
investment securities.
There are legal fees associated with the resolution of problem assets, as well as carrying costs, such as taxes, insurance, 
and maintenance costs related to our OREO.
The resolution of non-performing assets requires the active involvement of management, which can distract them from 
more profitable activity.

•

•

•

If additional borrowers become delinquent and do not pay their loans and we are unable to successfully manage our 
non-performing assets, our losses and troubled assets could increase significantly, which could have a material adverse effect 
on our financial condition and results of operations.  In addition to the non-performing loans, there were $2.87 million in loans 
classified as performing troubled debt restructurings at September 30, 2020.

Risk Related to our Business Strategy

We may be adversely affected by risks associated with completed and potential acquisitions.

As part of our general growth strategy, on October 1, 2018 we completed the acquisition of South Sound Bank, a Washington-
state chartered bank, headquartered in Olympia, Washington.  Although our business strategy emphasizes organic expansion, 
we  continue,  from  time  to  time  in  the  ordinary  course  of  business,  to  engage  in  preliminary  discussions  with  potential 
acquisition targets.  There can be no assurance that, in the future, we will successfully identify suitable acquisition candidates, 

42

complete acquisitions and successfully integrate acquired operations into our existing operations or expand into new markets.  
The consummation of any future acquisitions may dilute shareholder value or may have an adverse effect upon our operating 
results  while  the  operations  of  the  acquired  business  are  being  integrated  into  our  operations.    In  addition,  once  integrated, 
acquired  operations  may  not  achieve  levels  of  profitability  comparable  to  those  achieved  by  our  existing  operations,  or 
otherwise  perform as expected.  Further, transaction-related expenses may adversely affect our earnings.  These adverse effects 
on our earnings and results of operations may have a negative impact on the value of our common stock.  Acquiring banks, 
bank branches or businesses involves risks commonly associated with acquisitions, including:

•
•

• We  may  be  exposed  to  potential  asset  quality  issues  or  unknown  or  contingent  liabilities  of  the  banks,  businesses, 
assets,  and  liabilities  we  acquire.    If  these  issues  or  liabilities  exceed  our  estimates,  our  results  of  operations  and 
financial condition may be materially negatively affected;
Higher than expected deposit attrition;
The  acquisition  of  other  entities  generally  requires  integration  of  systems,  procedures  and  personnel  of  the  acquired 
entity into our company to make the transaction economically successful.  This integration process is complicated and 
time consuming and can also be disruptive to the customers of the acquired business.  If the integration process is not 
conducted  successfully  and  with  minimal  adverse  effect  on  the  acquired  business  and  its  customers,  we  may  not  be 
able to realize the anticipated economic benefits of particular acquisitions within the expected time frame, and we may 
lose  customers  or  employees  of  the  acquired  business.    We  may  also  experience  greater  than  anticipated  customer 
losses even if the integration process is successful;
To the extent our costs of an acquisition exceed the fair value of the net assets acquired, the acquisition will generate 
goodwill.    As  discussed  below,  we  are  required  to  assess  our  goodwill  for  impairment  at  least  annually,  and  any 
goodwill impairment charge could have a material adverse effect on our results of operation and financial condition;
• We  expect  our  net  income  will  increase  following  an  acquisition;  however,  we  also  expect  our  general  and 
administrative expenses to increase, which could result to an increase in our efficiency ratio.  Ultimately, we would 
expect our efficiency ratio to improve; however, if we are not successful in our integration process, this may not occur, 
and our acquisition or branching activities may not be accretive to earnings in the short or long-term.

•

Risk Related to Market Interest Rates

Fluctuating interest rates can adversely affect our profitability 

Our earnings and cash flows are largely dependent upon our net interest income.  Interest rates are highly sensitive to 
many  factors  that  are  beyond  our  control,  including  general  economic  conditions  and  policies  of  various  governmental  and 
regulatory agencies and, in particular, the Federal Reserve Board.  After steadily increasing the target federal funds rate in 2018 
and 2017, the Federal Reserve Board in 2019 decreased the target federal funds rate by 75 basis points, and in response to the 
COVID-19  pandemic  in  March  2020,  an  additional  150  basis  point  decrease  to  a  range  of  0.00%  to  0.25%  as  of  March  31, 
2020.  The Federal Reserve Board could make additional changes during 2020 subject to economic conditions.  If the Federal 
Reserve Board increases the Fed Funds rate, overall interest rates will likely rise, which may negatively impact both the housing 
markets by reducing refinancing activity and new home purchases and the U.S. economy.  In addition, deflationary pressures, 
while possibly lowering our operational costs, could have a significant negative effect on our borrowers, especially our business 
borrowers, and the values of collateral securing loans which could negatively affect our financial performance.

We principally manage interest rate risk by managing our volume and mix of our earning assets and funding liabilities.  
Changes in monetary policy, including changes in interest rates, could influence not only the interest we receive on loans and 
investments and the amount of interest we pay on deposits and borrowings, but these changes could also affect: (1) our ability 
to originate and/or sell loans and obtain deposits; (2) the fair value of our financial assets and liabilities, which could negatively 
impact  shareholders’  equity,  and  our  ability  to  realize  gains  from  the  sale  of  such  assets;  (3)  our  ability  to  obtain  and  retain 
deposits  in  competition  with  other  available  investment  alternatives;  (4)  the  ability  of  our  borrowers  to  repay  adjustable  or 
variable rate loans; and (5) the average duration of our investment securities portfolio and other interest-earning assets.  If the 
interest rates paid on deposits and borrowings increase at a faster rate than the interest received on loans and other investments, 
our net interest income, and therefore earnings, could be adversely affected.  Earnings could also be adversely affected if the 
interest  rates  received  on  loans  and  other  investments  decline  more  rapidly  than  the  interest  rates  paid  on  deposits  and  other 
borrowings.  In a changing interest rate environment, we may not be able to manage this risk effectively.  If we are unable to 
manage interest rate risk effectively, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially affected.

Changes  in  interest  rates  could  also  have  a  negative  impact  on  our  results  of  operations  by  reducing  the  ability  of 
borrowers to repay their current loan obligations or by reducing our margins and profitability.  Our net interest margin is the 
difference between the yield we earn on our assets and the interest rate we pay for deposits and our other sources of funding.  
Changes in interest rates (up or down) could adversely affect our net interest margin and, as a result, our net interest income.  
Although the yield we earn on our assets and our funding costs tends to move in the same direction in response to changes in 

43

interest rates, one can rise or fall faster than the other, causing our net interest margin to expand or contract.  Changes in the 
slope  of  the  "yield  curve",  or  the  spread  between  short-term  and  long-term  interest  rates,  could  also  reduce  our  net  interest 
margin.  Normally the  yield  curve is upward sloping, meaning short-term rates are lower than long-term  rates.   Because  our 
liabilities  tend  to  be  shorter  in  duration  than  our  assets,  when  the  yield  curve  flattens  or  even  inverts,  we  could  experience 
pressure on our net interest margin as our cost of funds increases relative to the yield we can earn on our assets.  Also, interest 
rate decreases can lead to increased prepayments of loans and mortgage-backed securities as borrowers refinance their loans to 
reduce  borrowing  costs.    Under  these  circumstances  we  are  subject  to  reinvestment  risk  as  we  may  have  to  redeploy  such 
repayment proceeds into lower yielding investments, which would likely negatively impact our income.

A sustained increase or decrease in market interest rates could adversely affect our earnings.  As is the case with many 
financial institutions, our emphasis on increasing the development of core deposits, those deposits bearing no or a relatively low 
rate of interest with no stated maturity, has resulted in our having a significant amount of these deposits bearing a relatively low 
rate of interest and having a shorter duration than our assets.  At September 30, 2020, we had $102.86 million in certificates of 
deposit  that  mature  within  one  year  and  $1.20  billion  in  non-interest  bearing,  NOW  checking,  savings  and  money  market 
accounts.  We would incur a higher cost of funds to retain these deposits in a rising interest rate environment.  If the interest 
rates  paid  on  deposits  and  other  borrowings  increase  at  a  faster  rate  than  the  interest  rates  received  on  loans  and  other 
investments, our net interest income, and therefore earnings, could be adversely affected.  In addition, a substantial amount of 
our  residential  mortgage  loans  and  home  equity  lines  of  credit  have  adjustable  interest  rates.    As  a  result,  these  loans  may 
experience a higher rate of default in a rising interest rate environment.

Changes in interest rates also affect the value of our interest-earning assets and in particular our investment securities 
portfolio.  Generally, the fair value of fixed-rate securities fluctuates inversely with changes in interest rates.  Unrealized gains 
and losses on investment securities available for sale are reported as a separate component of equity, net of tax.  Decreases in 
the fair value of investment securities available for sale resulting from increases in interest rates could have an adverse effect on 
stockholders' equity.

Any substantial, unexpected or prolonged change in market interest rates could have a material adverse effect on our 
financial condition, liquidity and results of operations.  Also, our interest rate risk modeling techniques and assumptions likely 
may not fully predict or capture the impact of actual interest rate changes on our balance sheet or projected operating results.  In 
this regard, because the length of the COVID-19 pandemic and the efficacy of the extraordinary measures being put in place to 
address its economic consequences are unknown, including the recent 150 basis point reductions in the targeted federal funds 
rate,  until  the  pandemic  subsides,  the  Company  expects  its  net  interest  income  and  net  interest  margin  will  be  adversely 
affected.    For  further  discussion  of  how  changes  in  interest  rates  could  impact  us,  see  "Part  II,  Item  7A.  Quantitative  and 
Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk" for additional information about our interest rate risk management.

Our investment securities portfolio may be negatively impacted by fluctuations in market value and interest rates and result 
in losses.

Our investment securities portfolio may be impacted by fluctuations in market value, potentially reducing accumulated 
other comprehensive income (loss) and/or earnings.  Fluctuations in market value may be caused by changes in market interest 
rates, lower market prices for investment securities and limited investor demand.  Our held to maturity and available for sale 
investment securities are evaluated for other-than-temporary-impairment ("OTTI").  If this evaluation shows impairment to the 
actual  or  projected  cash  flows  associated  with  one  or  more  investment  securities,  a  potential  loss  to  earnings  may  occur.  
Changes  in  interest  rates  can  also  have  an  adverse  effect  on  our  financial  condition,  as  our  available-for-sale  investment 
securities are reported at their estimated fair value, and therefore are impacted by fluctuations in interest rates.  We increase or 
decrease  our  shareholders'  equity  by  the  amount  of  change  in  the  estimated  fair  value  of  the  available-for-sale  investment 
securities,  net  of  income  taxes.    There  can  be  no  assurance  that  the  declines  in  market  value,  including  as  a  result  of  the 
COVID-19  pandemic,  will  not  result  in  OTTI  of  these  assets,  which  would  lead  to  accounting  charges  that  could  have  a 
material adverse effect on our net income and capital levels.

During  the  year  ended  September  30,  2020,  we  recognized  a  $120,000  recovery  of  OTTI  charges  on  private  label 
mortgage  backed  securities  we  hold  for  investment.    During  the  year  ended  September  30,  2019,  we  recognized  a  $59,000 
recovery  of  OTTI  charges  on  private  label  mortgage  backed  securities  we  hold  for  investment.    During  the  year  ended 
September 30, 2018, we recognized a $68,000 recovery of OTTI charges on private label mortgage backed securities we hold 
for investment.  At September 30, 2020, our remaining private label mortgage backed securities portfolio totaled $229,000 of 
which $209,000 was on non-accrual status.

The valuation of our investment securities also is influenced by additional external market and other factors, including 
implementation  of  Securities  and  Exchange  Commission  and  Financial  Accounting  Standards  Board  guidance  on  fair  value 
accounting, default rates on residential mortgage securities and rating agency actions.  Accordingly, there can be no assurance 

44

 
that future declines in the market value of our private label mortgage backed securities or other investment securities will not 
result  in  additional  OTTI  of  these  assets  and  lead  to  accounting  charges  that  could  have  an  adverse  effect  on  our  results  of 
operations.

An increase in interest rates, change in the programs offered by Freddie Mac or our ability to qualify for their programs 
may reduce our mortgage revenues, which would negatively impact our non-interest income.

The sale of residential mortgage loans to Freddie Mac provides a significant portion of our non-interest income.  Any 
future changes in their program, our eligibility to participate in such program, the criteria for loans to be accepted or laws that 
significantly affect the activity of Freddie Mac could, in turn, materially adversely affect our results of operations if we could 
not find other purchasers.  Mortgage banking is generally considered a volatile source of income because it depends largely on 
the  level of loan volume which, in turn, depends largely on prevailing market interest rates.  In a rising or higher interest rate 
environment,  the  demand  for  mortgage  loans,  particularly  refinancing  of  existing  mortgage  loans,  tends  to  fall  and  our 
originations  of  mortgage  loans  may  decrease,  resulting  in  fewer  loans  that  are  available  to  be  sold.    This  would  result  in  a 
decrease in mortgage revenues and a corresponding decrease in non-interest income.  In addition, our results of operations are 
affected by the amount of non-interest expense associated with our loan sale activities, such as salaries and employee benefits, 
occupancy,  equipment  and  data  processing  expense  and  other  operating  costs.    During  periods  of  reduced  loan  demand,  our 
results  of  operations  may  be  adversely  affected  to  the  extent  that  we  are  unable  to  reduce  expenses  commensurate  with  the 
decline in loan originations.  In addition, although we sell loans to Freddie Mac or into the secondary market without recourse, 
we are required to give customary representations and warranties about the loans we sell.  If we breach those representations 
and warranties, we may be required to repurchase the loans and we may incur a loss on the repurchase. 

Risks Related to Laws and Regulations

We  operate  in  a  highly  regulated  environment  and  may  be  adversely  affected  by  changes  in  federal  and  state  laws  and 
regulations that could increase our costs of operations.

The  banking  industry  is  extensively  regulated.    Federal  banking  regulations  are  designed  primarily  to  protect  the 
deposit  insurance  funds  and  consumers,  not  to  benefit  a  company's  shareholders.    These  regulations  may  sometimes  impose 
significant limitations on our operations.  Certain significant federal and state banking regulations that  affect us are described 
in  this  report  under  the  heading  "Item  1.  Business-How  We  Are  Regulated".    These  regulations,  along  with  the  currently 
existing  tax,  accounting,  securities,  insurance,  and  monetary  laws,  regulations,  rules,  standards,  policies,  and  interpretations 
control the methods by which financial institutions conduct business, implement strategic initiatives and tax compliance, and 
govern financial reporting and disclosures.  These laws, regulations, rules, standards, policies, and interpretations are constantly 
evolving  and  may  change  significantly  over  time.    Any  new  regulations  or  legislation,  change  in  existing  regulation  or 
oversight, whether a change in regulatory policy or a change in a regulator's interpretation of a law or regulation, could have a 
material impact on our operations, increase our costs of regulatory compliance and of doing business and adversely affect our 
profitability.    In  this  regard,  the  U.S.  Department  of  the  Treasury's  Financial  Crimes  Enforcement  Network  ("FinCEN"), 
published  guidelines  in  2014  for  financial  institutions  servicing    marijuana  businesses  that  are  legal  under  state  law.    These 
guidelines allow us to work with marijuana-related businesses that are operating in accordance with state laws and regulations, 
so long as we comply with required regulatory oversight of their accounts with us.  In addition, legislation is currently pending 
in Congress that would allow banks and financial institutions to serve marijuana businesses in states where it is legal without 
any risk of federal prosecution.  At September 30, 2020, approximately 2.6% of our total deposits and a portion of our service 
charges  from  deposits  are  from  legal  marijuana-related  businesses.    Any  adverse  change  in  this  FinCEN  guidance,  any  new 
regulations or legislation, any change in existing regulations or oversight, whether a change in regulatory policy or a change in 
a regulator's interpretation of a law or regulation, could have a negative impact on our non-interest income, as well as the cost 
of our operations, increasing our cost of regulatory compliance and of doing business and/or otherwise affect us, which may 
materially affect our profitability.

Non-compliance  with  the  USA  PATRIOT  Act,  Bank  Secrecy  Act,  or  other  laws  and  regulations  could  result  in  fines  or 
sanctions and limit our ability to get regulatory approval of acquisitions.

The  USA  PATRIOT  and  Bank  Secrecy  Acts  require  financial  institutions  to  develop  programs  to  prevent  financial 
institutions from being used for money laundering and terrorist activities.  If such activities are detected, financial institutions 
are obligated to file suspicious activity reports with FinCEN.  These rules require financial institutions to establish procedures 
for identifying and verifying the identity of customers seeking to open new financial accounts.  Failure to comply with these 
regulations could result in fines or sanctions and limit our ability to get regulatory approval of acquisitions.  Recently several 
banking institutions have received large fines for non-compliance with these laws and regulations.  While we have developed 
policies and procedures designed to assist in compliance with these laws and regulations, no assurance can be given that these 
policies and procedures will be effective in preventing violations of these laws and regulations.

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Risks Related to Cybersecurity, Third Parties and Technology

The financial services market is undergoing rapid technological changes, and if we are unable to stay current with those 
changes, we may not be able to effectively compete.

The financial services market, including banking services, is undergoing rapid changes with frequent introductions of 
new  technology-driven  products  and  services.    Our  future  success  will  depend,  in  part,  on  our  ability  to  keep  pace  with  the 
technological changes and to use technology to satisfy and grow customer demand for our products and services and to create 
additional efficiencies in our operations.  We expect that we will need to make substantial investments in our technology and 
information  systems  to  compete  effectively  and  to  stay  current  with  technological  changes.    Some  of  our  competitors  have 
substantially greater resources to invest in technological improvements and will be able to invest more heavily in developing 
and adopting new technologies, which may put us at a competitive disadvantage.  We may not be able to effectively implement 
new technology-driven products and services or be successful in marketing these products and services to our customers.  As a 
result,  our  ability  to  effectively  compete  to  retain  or  acquire  new  business  may  be  impaired,  and  our  business,  financial 
condition or results of operations may be adversely affected.

We are subject to certain risks in connection with our use of technology.

Our security measures may not be sufficient to mitigate the risk of a cyber attack.  Communications and information 
systems are essential to the conduct of our business, as we use such systems to manage our customer relationships, our general 
ledger and virtually all other aspects of our business.  Our operations rely on the secure processing, storage, and transmission of 
confidential and other information in our computer systems and networks.  Although we take protective measures and endeavor 
to modify them as circumstances warrant, the security of our computer systems, software, and networks may be vulnerable to 
breaches,  fraudulent  or  unauthorized  access,  denial  or  degradation  of  service  attacks,  misuse,  computer  viruses,  malware  or 
other  malicious  code  and  cyber  attacks  that  could  have  a  security  impact.    If  one  or  more  of  these  events  occur,  this  could 
jeopardize  our  or  our  customers'  confidential  and  other  information  processed  and  stored  in,  and  transmitted  through,  our 
computer  systems  and  networks,  or  otherwise  cause  interruptions  or  malfunctions  in  our  operations  or  the  operations  of  our 
customers or counterparties.  We may be required to expend significant additional resources to modify our protective measures 
or to investigate and remediate vulnerabilities or other exposures, and we may be subject to litigation and financial losses that 
are either not insured against or not fully covered through any insurance maintained by us.  We could also suffer significant 
reputational damage.

Security  breaches  in  our  internet  banking  activities  could  further  expose  us  to  possible  liability  and  damage  our 
reputation.    Increases  in  criminal  activity  levels  and  sophistication,  advances  in  computer  capabilities,  new  discoveries, 
vulnerabilities in third party technologies (including browsers and operating systems) or other developments could result in a 
compromise or breach of the technology, processes and controls that we use to prevent fraudulent transactions and to protect 
data about us, our clients and underlying transactions.  Any compromise of our security could deter customers from using our 
internet  banking  services  that  involve  the  transmission  of  confidential  information.    We  rely  on  standard  internet  security 
systems to provide the security and authentication necessary to effect secure transmission of data.  Although we have developed 
and continue to invest in systems and processes that are designed to detect and prevent security breaches and cyber attacks and 
periodically  test  our  security,  these  precautions  may  not  protect  our  systems  from  compromises  or  breaches  of  our  security 
measures, and could result in losses to us or our customers, our loss of business and/or customers, damage to our reputation, the 
incurrence  of  additional  expenses,  disruption  to  our  business,  our  inability  to  grow  our  online  services  or  other  businesses, 
additional regulatory scrutiny or penalties, or our exposure to civil litigation and possible financial liability, any of which could 
have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operation.

Our security measures may not protect us from system failures or interruptions.  While we have established policies 
and procedures to prevent or limit the impact of systems failures and interruptions, there can be no assurance that such events 
will  not  occur  or  that  they  will  be  adequately  addressed  if  they  do.    In  addition,  we  outsource  certain  aspects  of  our  data 
processing  and  other  operational  functions  to  certain  third-party  providers.    While  the  Company  selects  third-party  vendors 
carefully,  it  does  not  control  their  actions.    If  our  third-party  providers  encounter  difficulties,  including  those  resulting  from 
breakdowns,  or  other  disruptions  in  communication  services  provided  by  a  vendor,  failure  of  a  vendor  to  handle  current  or 
higher transaction volumes, cyber-attacks and security breaches or if we otherwise have difficulty in communicating with them, 
our ability to adequately process and account for transactions could be affected, and our ability to deliver products and services 
to our customers and otherwise conduct business operations could be adversely impacted.  Replacing these third-party vendors 
could  also  entail  significant  delay  and  expense.    Threats  to  information  security  also  exist  in  the  processing  of  customer 
information through various other vendors and their personnel. 

We cannot assure you that such breaches, failures or interruptions will not occur or, if they do occur, that they will be 
adequately addressed by us or the third parties on which we rely.  We may not be insured against all types of losses as a result 

46

of third-party failures and insurance coverage may be inadequate to cover all losses, resulting from breaches, systems failures or 
other disruptions.  If any of our third party service providers experience financial, operational or technological difficulties, or if 
there is any other disruption in our relationships with them, we may be required to identify alternative sources of such services, 
and  we  cannot  assure  you  that  we  could  negotiate  terms  that  are  as  favorable  to  us  or  could  obtain  services  with  similar 
functionality as found in our existing systems without the need to expend substantial resources, if at all.  Further, the occurrence 
of any systems failure or interruption could damage our reputation and result in a loss of customers and business, could subject 
us  to  additional  regulatory  scrutiny,  or  could  expose  us  to  legal  liability.    Any  of  these  occurrences  could  have  a  material 
adverse effect on our financial condition and  results of operations. 

The  board  of  directors  oversees  the  risk  management  process,  including  the  risk  of  cybersecurity,  and  engages  with 

management on cybersecurity issues.

Our business may be adversely affected by an increasing prevalence of fraud and other financial crimes.

As  a  bank,  we  are  susceptible  to  fraudulent  activity  that  may  be  committed  against  us  or  our  customers  which  may 
result in financial losses or increased costs to us or our customers, disclosure or misuse of our information or our customers' 
information, misappropriation of assets, privacy breaches against our customers, litigation or damage to our reputation.  Such 
fraudulent activity may take many forms, including check fraud, electronic fraud, wire fraud, phishing, social engineering and 
other  dishonest  acts.  Nationally,  reported  incidents  of  fraud  and  other  financial  crimes  have  increased.    We  have  also 
experienced  losses  due  to  apparent  fraud  and  other  financial  crimes.    While  we  have  policies  and  procedures  designed  to 
prevent such losses, there can be no assurance that such losses will not occur.

Managing reputational risk is important to attracting and maintaining customers, investors and employees.

Threats  to  our  reputation  can  come  from  many  sources,  including  adverse  sentiment  about  financial  institutions 
generally,  unethical  practices,  employee  misconduct,  failure  to  deliver  minimum  standards  of  service  or  quality,  compliance 
deficiencies and questionable or fraudulent activities of our customers.  We have policies and procedures in place to protect our 
reputation  and  promote  ethical  conduct,  but  these  policies  and  procedures  may  not  be  fully  effective.    Negative  publicity 
regarding  our  business,  employees,  or  customers,  with  or  without  merit,  may  result  in  the  loss  of  customers,  investors  and 
employees, costly litigation, a decline in revenues and increased governmental regulation.

We rely on other companies to provide key components of our business infrastructure.

We rely on numerous external vendors to provide us with products and services necessary to maintain our day-to-day 
operations.    Accordingly,  our  operations  are  exposed  to  risk  that  these  vendors  will  not  perform  in  accordance  with  the 
contracted arrangements under service level agreements.  The failure of an external vendor to perform in accordance with the 
contracted arrangements under service level agreements because of changes in the vendor's organizational structure, financial 
condition,  support  for  existing  products  and  services  or  strategic  focus  or  for  any  other  reason,  could  be  disruptive  to  our 
operations, which in turn could have a material negative impact on our financial condition and results of operations.  We also 
could be adversely affected to the extent such an agreement is not renewed by a third party vendor or is renewed on terms less 
favorable to us.  Additionally, the bank regulatory agencies expect financial institutions to be responsible for all aspects of our 
vendors'  performance,  including  aspects  which  they  delegate  to  third  parties.    Disruptions  or  failures  in  the  physical 
infrastructure  or  operating  systems  that  support  our  business  and  customers,  or  cyber-attacks  or  security  breaches  of  the 
networks,  systems  or  devices  that  our  customers  use  to  access  our  products  and  services  could  result  in  client  attrition, 
regulatory fines, penalties or intervention, reputational damage, reimbursement or other compensation costs, and/or additional 
compliance costs, any of which could materially adversely affect our results of operations or financial condition.

Risks Related to Accounting Matters

We may experience future goodwill impairment, which could reduce our earnings.

We performed our test for goodwill impairment for fiscal year 2020, and the test concluded that recorded goodwill was 
not impaired.  Our test of goodwill for potential impairment is based on a qualitative assessment by management that takes into 
consideration  macroeconomic  conditions,  industry  and  market  conditions,  cost  or  margin  factors,  financial  performance  and 
share  price.    Our  evaluation  of  the  fair  value  of  goodwill  involves  a  substantial  amount  of  judgment.    If  our  judgment  was 
incorrect, or if events or circumstances change, and an impairment of goodwill was deemed to exist, we would be required to 
write  down  our  goodwill  resulting  in  a  charge  against  operations,  which  would  adversely  affect  our  results  of  operations, 
perhaps  materially;  however,  it  would  have  no  impact  on  our  liquidity,  operations  or  regulatory  capital.    The  acquisition  of 
South Sound Bank on October 1, 2018 substantially increased our goodwill.

47

We may experience decreases in the fair value of our servicing rights, which could reduce our earnings.

Servicing  rights  are  capitalized  at  estimated  fair  value  when  acquired  through  the  origination  of  loans  that  are 
subsequently sold with servicing rights retained.  At September 30, 2020, our servicing rights totaled $3.10 million (including a 
valuation  allowance  of  $229,000).    Servicing  rights  are  amortized  to  servicing  income  on  loans  sold  over  the  period  of 
estimated net servicing income.  The estimated fair value of servicing rights at the date of the sale of loans is determined based 
on  the  discounted  present  value  of  expected  future  cash  flows  using  key  assumptions  for  servicing  income  and  costs  and 
prepayment rates on the underlying loans.  On a quarterly basis, we evaluate the fair value of servicing rights for impairment by 
comparing actual cash flows and estimated cash flows from the servicing assets to those estimated at the time servicing assets 
were  originated.    Our  methodology  for  estimating  the  fair  value  of  servicing  rights  is  highly  sensitive  to  changes  in 
assumptions, such as prepayment speeds.  The effect of changes in market interest rates on estimated rates of loan prepayments 
represents the predominant risk characteristic underlying the servicing rights portfolio.  For example, a decrease in interest rates 
typically  increases  the  prepayment  speeds  of  servicing  rights  and  therefore  decreases  the  fair  value  of  the  servicing 
rights.    Future  decreases  in  interest  rates  could  decrease  the  fair  value  of  our  servicing  rights  below  their  recorded  amount, 
which would decrease our earnings.

The required accounting treatment of loans we acquire through acquisitions including purchase credit impaired loans could 
result  in  higher  net  interest  margins  and  interest  income  in  current  periods  and  lower  net  interest  margins  and  interest 
income in future periods.

Under GAAP, we are required to record loans acquired through acquisitions, including purchase credit impaired loans, 
at fair value. Estimating the fair value of such loans requires management to make estimates based on available information and 
facts and circumstances on the acquisition date.  Actual performance could differ from management’s initial estimates. If these 
loans outperform our original fair value estimates, the difference between our original estimate and the actual performance of 
the loan (the “discount”) is accreted into net interest income. Thus, our net interest margins may initially increase due to the 
discount accretion. We expect the yields on our loans to decline as our acquired loan portfolio pays down or matures and the 
discount decreases, and we expect downward pressure on our interest income to the extent that the runoff on our acquired loan 
portfolio  is  not  replaced  with  comparable  high-yielding  loans.  This  could  result  in  higher  net  interest  margins  and  interest 
income in current periods and lower net interest margins and lower interest income in future periods. 

If our investments in real estate are not properly valued or sufficiently reserved to cover actual losses, or if we are required 
to increase our valuation allowances, our earnings could be reduced.

We obtain updated valuations in the form of appraisals and broker price opinions when a loan has been foreclosed and 
the property is taken in as OREO, and at certain other times during the asset's holding period.  Our net book value (“NBV”) in 
the loan at the time of foreclosure and thereafter is compared to the updated estimated market value of the foreclosed property 
less estimated selling costs (fair value).  A charge-off is recorded for any excess in the asset’s NBV over its fair value.  If our 
valuation  process  is  incorrect  or  if  the  property  declines  in  value  after  foreclosure,  the  fair  value  of  our  OREO  may  not  be 
sufficient to recover our NBV in such assets, resulting in the need for a valuation allowance.

In  addition,  bank  regulators  periodically  review  our  OREO  and  may  require  us  to  recognize  further  valuation 
allowances.  Significant charge-offs to our OREO may have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of 
operations.

Other Risks Related to Our Business

Ineffective liquidity management could adversely affect our financial results and condition. 

Effective  liquidity  management  is  essential  to  our  business.    We  require  sufficient  liquidity  to  meet  customer  loan 
requests,  customer  deposit  maturities  and  withdrawals,  payments  on  our  debt  obligations  as  they  come  due  and  other  cash 
commitments under both normal operating conditions and other unpredictable circumstances, including events causing industry 
or general financial market stress.  An inability to raise funds through deposits, borrowings, the sale of loans and other sources 
could  have  a  substantial  negative  effect  on  our  liquidity.    We  rely  on  customer  deposits  and  at  times,  borrowings  from  the 
FHLB, borrowings from the FRB and other borrowings to fund our operations.  At September 30, 2020, we had $10.00 million 
in outstanding FHLB borrowings and an additional $435.99 million of available borrowing capacity through the FHLB and the 
FRB.    Deposit  flows  and  the  prepayment  of  loans  and  mortgage-related  securities  are  strongly  influenced  by  such  external 
factors as the direction of interest rates, whether actual or perceived, and the competition for deposits and loans in the markets 
we serve.  Further, changes to the FHLB's underwriting guidelines for wholesale borrowings or lending policies may limit or 
restrict  our  ability  to  borrow,  and  could  therefore  have  a  significant  adverse  impact  on  our  liquidity.    Although  we  have 
historically been able to replace maturing deposits and borrowings if desired, we may not be able to replace such funds in the 

48

future if, among other things, our financial condition, the financial condition of the FHLB or FRB, or market conditions change.  
Our access to funding sources in amounts adequate to finance our activities or on terms which are acceptable could be impaired 
by  factors  that  affect  us  specifically  or  the  financial  services  industry  or  economy  in  general,  such  as  a  disruption  in  the 
financial markets or negative views and expectations about the prospects for the financial services industry.  Additional factors 
that could detrimentally impact our access to liquidity sources include a decrease in the level of our business activity as a result 
of a downturn in the Washington markets where our deposits are concentrated or adverse regulatory action against us.

Our financial flexibility will be severely constrained if we are unable to maintain our access to funding or if adequate 
financing  is  not  available  to  accommodate  future  growth  at  acceptable  interest  rates.    Although  we  consider  our  sources  of 
funds adequate for our liquidity needs, we may seek additional debt in the future to achieve our long-term business objectives.  
Additional  borrowings,  if  sought,  may  not  be  available  to  us  or,  if  available,  may  not  be  available  on  reasonable  terms.    If 
additional  financing  sources  are  unavailable,  or  are  not  available  on  reasonable  terms,  our  financial  condition,  results  of 
operations, growth and future prospects could be materially adversely affected.  Finally, if we are required to rely more heavily 
on more expensive funding sources to support future growth, our income may not increase proportionately to cover our costs.

Our growth or future losses may require us to raise additional capital in the future, but that capital may not be available 
when it is needed or the cost of that capital may be very high.

We are required by federal regulatory authorities to maintain adequate levels of capital to support our operations.  Our 
ability to raise additional capital, if needed, will depend on conditions in the capital markets at that time, which are outside our 
control,  and  on  our  financial  condition  and  performance.    If  we  are  able  to  raise  capital  it  may  not  be  on  terms  that  are 
acceptable to us.  Accordingly, we cannot make assurances that we will be able to raise additional capital if needed on terms 
that  are  acceptable  to  us,  or  at  all.    If  we  cannot  raise  additional  capital  when  needed,  our  ability  to  further  expand  our 
operations could be materially impaired and our financial condition and liquidity could be materially and adversely affected.  In 
addition, any additional capital we obtain may result in the dilution of the interests of existing holders of our common stock.  
Further,  if  we  are  unable  to  raise  additional  capital  when  required  by  our  bank  regulators,  we  may  be  subject  to  adverse 
regulatory action. 

Our framework for managing risks may not be effective in mitigating risk and loss to us.

We have established processes and procedures intended to identify, measure, monitor, report, analyze and control the 
types of risk to which we are subject.  These risks include liquidity risk, credit risk, market risk, interest rate risk, operational 
risk,  legal  and  compliance  risk,  and  reputational  risk,  among  others.    We  also  maintain  a  compliance  program  to  identify, 
measure, assess, and report on our adherence to applicable laws, policies and procedures.  While we assess and improve these 
programs on an ongoing basis, there can be no assurance that our risk management or compliance programs, along with other 
related controls, will effectively mitigate all risk and limit losses in our business.  As with any risk management framework, 
there are inherent limitations to our risk management strategies as there may exist, or develop in the future, risks that we have 
not appropriately anticipated or identified.  If our risk management framework proves ineffective, we could suffer unexpected 
losses which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

We are dependent on key personnel, and the loss of one or more of those key personnel may materially and adversely affect 
our prospects.

Competition for qualified employees and personnel in the banking industry is intense, and there are a limited number 
of  qualified  persons  with  knowledge  of,  and  experience  in,  the  community  banking  industry  where  the  Bank  conducts  its 
business. The process of recruiting personnel with the combination of skills and attributes required to carry out our strategies is 
often  lengthy.  Our  success  depends  to  a  significant  degree  upon  our  ability  to  attract  and  retain  qualified  management,  loan 
origination,  finance,  administrative,  marketing  and  technical  personnel  and  upon  the  continued  contributions  of  our 
management and personnel.  In particular, our success has been and continues to be highly dependent upon the abilities of key 
executives, including our President, and certain other employees.  In addition, our success has been and continues to be highly 
dependent upon the services of our directors, and we may not be able to identify and attract suitable candidates to replace such 
directors.

Uncertainty  relating  to  the  London  Interbank  Offered  Rate  ("LIBOR")  calculation  process  and  potential  phasing  out  of 
LIBOR may adversely affect our results of operations.

On  July  27,  2017,  the  Chief  Executive  of  the  United  Kingdom  Financial  Conduct  Authority,  which  regulates  LIBOR, 
announced  that  it  intends  to  stop  persuading  or  compelling  banks  to  submit  rates  for  the  calibration  of  LIBOR  to  the 
administrator of LIBOR after 2021.  The announcement indicates that the continuation of LIBOR on the current basis cannot 
and will not be guaranteed after 2021.  It is impossible to predict whether and to what extent banks will continue to provide 

49

LIBOR submissions to the administrator of LIBOR or whether any additional reforms to LIBOR may be enacted in the United 
Kingdom or elsewhere.  At this time, no consensus exists as to what rate or rates may become acceptable alternatives to LIBOR 
and it is impossible to predict the effect of any such alternatives on the value of LIBOR-based securities and variable rate loans, 
or  other  securities  or  financial  arrangements,  given  LIBOR's  role  in  determining  market  interest  rates  globally.    The  Federal 
Reserve Board, in conjunction with the Alternative Reference Rates Committee, a steering committee comprised of large U.S. 
financial  institutions,  is  considering  replacing  the  U.S.  dollar  LIBOR  with  a  new  index  calculated  by  short-term  repurchase 
agreements, backed by Treasury securities ("SOFR").  SOFR is observed and backward looking, which stands in contrast with 
LIBOR under the current methodology, which is an estimated forward-looking rate and relies, to some degree, on the expert 
judgment of submitting panel members.  Given that SOFR is a secured rate backed by government securities, it will be a rate 
that does not take into account bank credit risk (as is the case with LIBOR).  SOFR is therefore likely to be lower than LIBOR 
and is less likely to correlate with the funding costs of financial institutions.  Whether or not SOFR attains traction as a LIBOR 
replacement tool remains in question, although transactions using SOFR have been completed including by Fannie Mae.  Both 
Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac have recently announced that they will cease accepting adjustable rate mortgages tied to LIBOR 
by  the  end  of  2020  and  will  soon  begin  accepting  mortgages  based  on  SOFR.    Continued  uncertainty  as  to  the  nature  of 
alternative reference rates and as to potential changes or other reforms to LIBOR may adversely affect LIBOR rates and the 
value of LIBOR-based loans, and securities in our portfolio.  If LIBOR rates are no longer available, and we are required to 
implement  substitute  indices  for  the  calculation  of  interest  rates  under  our  loan  agreements  with  our  borrowers,  we  may 
experience  significant  expenses  in  effecting  the  transition,  and  may  be  subject  to  disputes  or  litigation  with  customers  and 
creditors over the appropriateness or comparability to LIBOR of the substitute indices, which could have an adverse effect on 
our results of operations.

Item 1B.  Unresolved Staff Comments

Not applicable.

Item 2.  Properties

At September 30, 2020, the Bank operated 24 full service facilities.  The following table sets forth certain information 
regarding the Bank’s offices, all of which are owned, except for the Tacoma office, the Lacey office at 1751 Circle Lane SE and 
the Lacey office at 4530 Lacey Blvd SE, which are leased.

Location

Main Office:

624 Simpson Avenue
Hoquiam, Washington 98550

Branch Offices:

300 N. Boone Street
Aberdeen, Washington 98520

201 Main Street South
Montesano, Washington 98563

361 Damon Road
Ocean Shores, Washington 98569

2418 Meridian Avenue East
Edgewood, Washington 98371

202 Auburn Way South
Auburn, Washington 98002

12814 Meridian Avenue East (South Hill)
Puyallup, Washington 98373

(table continued on the following page)

50

Year Opened

Deposits at
September 30, 2020
  (In thousands)

1966

$ 

79,164 

1974

2004

1977

1980

1994

1996

41,102 

46,457 

41,481 

63,003 

42,401 

51,780 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Location

Year Opened

Deposits at
September 30, 2020
  (In thousands)

1201 Marvin Road, N.E.
Lacey, Washington 98516

101 Yelm Avenue W.
Yelm, Washington 98597

20464 Viking Way NW
Poulsbo, Washington 98370

2419 224th Street E.
Spanaway, Washington 98387

801 Trosper Road SW
Tumwater, Washington 98512

7805 South Hosmer Street
Tacoma, Washington 98408

2401 Bucklin Hill Road
Silverdale, Washington 98383

423 Washington Street SE
Olympia, Washington 98501

3105 Judson Street
Gig Harbor, Washington 98335

117 N. Broadway
Aberdeen, Washington 98520

313 West Waldrip Street
Elma, Washington 98541

1751 Circle Lane SE
Lacey, Washington 98503

101 2nd Street
Toledo, Washington 98591

209 NE 1st Street
Winlock, Washington 98586

714 W. Main Street
Chehalis, Washington 98532

2850 Harrison Ave NW                                                         
Olympia, Washington  98502

4530 Lacey Blvd SE                                                                  
Lacey, Washington 98503

Loan Servicing Center/Call Center:

120 Lincoln Street
Hoquiam, Washington 98550
Data Center:

106 South 3rd Street
Elma, Washington 98541

Administrative Offices:

305 8th Street                                                                                  
Hoquiam, Washington 98550

1997

1999

1999

1999

2001

2001

2003

2003

2004

2004

2004

2004

2004

2004

2009

2018

2018

2003

2020

2004

34,674 

44,090 

28,193 

56,294 

51,052 

119,664 

51,946 

70,826 

55,254 

60,701 

59,166 

18,257 

50,321 

28,082 

49,693 

85,931 

128,874 

N/A

N/A

N/A

Management  believes  that  all  facilities  are  appropriately  insured  and  are  adequately  equipped  for  carrying  on  the 

business of the Bank.

51

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
At  September  30,  2020,  the  Bank  operated  25  proprietary  automated  teller  machines  ("ATMs")  that  are  part  of  a 

nationwide cash exchange network.

Leases

The Company adopted Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 842 ("ASC 842") on October 1, 2019 and began 
recording  operating  lease  liabilities  and  operating  lease  right-of-use  ("ROU")  assets  on  the  consolidated  balance  sheets.  The 
Company has operating leases for three retail bank branch offices.  The ROU assets totaled $2.89 million at October 1, 2019. 
The Company's leases have remaining lease terms of 22 months to eleven years, some of which include options to extend the 
leases for up to five years. For additional information regarding operating lease liabilities and operating lease ROU assets see 
Note 10 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Item 3.  Legal Proceedings

Periodically,  there  have  been  various  claims  and  lawsuits  involving  the  Company,  such  as  claims  to  enforce  liens, 
condemnation  proceedings  on  properties  in  which  the  Company  holds  security  interests,  claims  involving  the  making  and 
servicing  of  real  property  loans  and  other  issues  incident  to  the  Company's  business.    The  Company  is  not  a  party  to  any 
pending legal proceedings that it believes would have a material adverse effect on the financial condition or operations of the 
Company.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

PART II

Item 5.  Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity 
Securities

The Company's common stock is traded on the Nasdaq Global Market under the symbol “TSBK.” As of November 30, 
2020, there were 8,315,993 shares of common stock issued and approximately 451 shareholders of record.  Our cash dividend 
payout policy is reviewed regularly by management and the Board of Directors.  Our Board of directors has declared quarterly 
cash dividends on our common stock for 32 consecutive quarters.  Any dividends declared and paid in the future would depend 
upon a number of factors, including capital requirements, our financial condition and results of operations, tax considerations, 
statutory and regulatory limitations, and general economic conditions.  No assurances can be given that any dividends will be 
paid or that, if paid, will not be reduced or eliminated in future periods. Our future payment of dividends may depend, in part, 
upon receipt of dividends from the Bank, which are restricted by banking  regulations.

Stock Repurchases

The Company is subject to certain restrictions on its ability to repurchase its common stock.  The Company is required 
to  give  the  Federal  Reserve  prior  written  notice  of  any  purchase  or  redemption  of  its  outstanding  equity  securities  if  the 
consideration  for  the  purchase  or  redemption,  when  combined  with  the  net  consideration  paid  for  all  such  purchases  or 
redemptions during the preceding 12 months, is equal to 10% or more of its consolidated net worth.  The Federal Reserve may 
disapprove a purchase or redemption if it determines that the proposal would constitute an unsafe or unsound practice or would 
violate  any  law,  regulation,  Federal  Reserve  order,  or  any  condition  imposed  by,  or  written  agreement  with,  the  Federal 
Reserve.  

The  Company  has  had  various  stock  repurchase  programs  since  January  1998.    On  July  28,  2015,  the  Company 
announced  a  plan  to  repurchase  352,681  shares  of  the  Company's  common  stock.  This  marked  the  Company's  17th  stock 
repurchase plan.  On March 16, 2020, the Company temporarily suspended stock repurchases and then on October 29, 2020 
announced plans to resume purchases under the existing stock repurchase program.  As of September 30, 2020, the Company 
had repurchased 207,829 shares under this plan at an average price of $15.71 per share.  Cumulatively, since January 1998 the 
Company has repurchased 7,991,763 shares at an average price of $9.15 per share.  

The following table sets forth the Company's repurchases of its outstanding Common Stock during the fourth quarter 

of the year ended September 30, 2020:

52

Period

July 1, 2020 - July 31, 2020

August 1, 2020 - August 31, 2020

September 1, 2020 - September 30, 2020

Total

Five-Year Stock Performance Graph

Total 
Number of 
Shares 
Purchased

Average 
Price Paid 
per Share

Total Number of 
Shares Purchased 
as Part of 
Publicly 
Announced Plans

Maximum Number (or 
Approximate Dollar 
Value) of Shares that 
May Yet Be Purchased 
Under the Plans

—  $ 

— 

— 

—  $ 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

144,852 

144,852 

144,852 

144,852 

The following graph compares the cumulative total shareholder return on our common stock with the cumulative total 
return on the Nasdaq Composite Index and with the SNL Thrift $500 Million to $1 Billion Index, peer group indices.  Total 
return assumes the reinvestment of all dividends and that the value of the Company’s Common Stock and each index was $100 
on September 30, 2015.

Index
Timberland Bancorp, Inc.
NASDAQ Composite Index
SNL Thrift $500M-$1B Index *  

$ 

9/30/2015

9/30/2016

9/30/2017

9/30/2018

9/30/2019

100.00  $ 
100.00   
100.00   

148.61  $ 
116.42   
113.81   

302.35  $ 
144.00   
163.99   

307.23  $ 
180.24   
189.97   

278.16  $ 
181.19   
172.63   

9/30/2020
189.51 
255.40 
145.82 

Year Ended

* Source: S&P Global Market Intelligence

53

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
For additional information, see Part III, Item 12 of this Form 10-K for information regarding the Company's Equity 

Compensation Plans, which is incorporated into this Item 5 by reference.

Item 6.  Selected Financial Data

The  following  table  sets  forth  certain  information  concerning  the  consolidated  financial  position  and  results  of 
operations of the Company and its subsidiary at and for the dates indicated.   The consolidated data is derived in part from, and 
should be read in conjunction with, the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Company and its subsidiary presented herein.

2020

2019

At September 30,
2018
(Dollars in thousands)

2017

2016

SELECTED FINANCIAL CONDITION DATA:

Total assets
Loans receivable, net
Investment securities held to maturity
Investment securities available for sale
FHLB stock
Other investments
Cash and due from financial institutions and 

interest-bearing deposits in banks 

Certificates of deposit held for investment
OREO and other repossessed assets, net
Deposits
FHLB borrowings
Shareholders' equity

SELECTED OPERATING DATA:

Interest and dividend income
Interest expense
Net interest income
Provision for (recapture of) loan losses
Net interest income after provision for (recapture 

of) loan losses
Non-interest income

Non-interest expense

Income before income taxes

Provision for income taxes

Net income 

Net income per common share:

Basic

Diluted

Dividends per common share

Dividend payout ratio (1)

$ 1,565,978 
  1,013,875 
27,890 
57,907 
1,922 
3,000 

314,452 
65,545 
1,050 
  1,358,406 
10,000 
187,630 

2020

$  55,583 
4,701 

  50,882 
3,700 

  47,182 
  17,188 

  34,063 

  30,307 

6,038 

$  24,269 

$ 1,247,132 
886,662 
31,102 
22,532 
1,437 
3,000 

143,015 
78,346 
1,683 
  1,068,227 
— 
171,067 

$ 1,018,290 
  725,391 
12,810 
1,154 
1,190 
3,000 

  148,864 
63,290 
1,913 
  889,506 
— 
  124,657 

$  952,024 
  690,364 
7,139 
1,241 
1,107 
3,000 

  148,188 
43,034 
3,301 
  837,898 
— 
  111,000 

Year Ended September 30,
2019

2018

2017
(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)

$  891,388 
  663,146 
7,511 
1,342 
2,204 
— 

  108,941 
53,000 
4,117 
  761,534 
30,000 
96,834 

2016

$  55,725 
4,565 
51,160 
— 

$  41,833 
2,778 
39,055 
— 

$  38,338 
3,197 
35,141 
(1,250) 

$  34,875 
4,072 
30,803 
— 

51,160 
14,341 

35,580 

29,921 

5,901 

39,055 
12,544 

29,177 

22,422 

5,701 

36,391 
12,368 

27,516 

21,243 

7,076 

30,803 
10,889 

26,637 

15,055 

4,901 

$  24,020 

$  16,721 

$  14,167 

$  10,154 

$ 

$ 

$ 

2.91 

2.88 

0.85 

$ 

$ 

$ 

2.89 

2.84 

0.78 

$ 

$ 

$ 

2.28 

2.22 

0.60 

$ 

$ 

$ 

1.99 

1.92 

0.50 

$ 

$ 

$ 

1.48 

1.43 

0.37 

 29.19% 

 27.04% 

 26.50% 

 25.70% 

 25.39% 

_______________
(1)

Cash dividends to common shareholders divided by net income to common shareholders.

54

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTHER DATA:

2020

2019

At September 30,
2018

2017

2016

Number of real estate loans outstanding
Deposit accounts
Full-service offices

2,508 
58,566 
24 

2,766 
59,547 
24 

2,550 
55,441 
22 

2,593 
54,707 
22 

2,615 
53,611 
22 

At or For the Year Ended September 30,
2018

2017

2019

2020

2016

KEY FINANCIAL RATIOS:

Performance Ratios:
Return on average assets (1)
Return on average equity (2)
Interest rate spread (3)
Net interest margin (4)
Average interest-earning assets to average interest-

bearing liabilities

Non-interest expense as a percent of average total 

assets

 1.75% 
 13.59 
 3.70 
 3.90 

 1.96% 
 14.91 
 4.31 
 4.50 

 1.70% 
 14.27 
 4.10 
 4.23 

 1.53% 
 13.65 
 3.93 
 4.07 

 1.19% 
 11.00 
 3.72 
 3.88 

 155.98 

 148.15 

 144.17 

 137.75 

 131.69 

 2.45 

 2.91 

 2.96 

 2.98 

 3.13 

Efficiency ratio (5)

 50.04 

 54.32 

 56.55 

 57.92 

 63.89 

Asset Quality Ratios:
Non-accrual and 90 days or more past due loans as a 

percent of total loans receivable, net

Non-performing assets as a percent of total assets (6)
Allowance for loan losses as a percent of total loans 

receivable, net (7)

Allowance for loan losses as a percent of non-

performing loans (8)

Net charge-offs (recoveries) to average outstanding 

loans

Capital Ratios:
Total equity-to-assets ratio
Average equity to average assets

 0.28% 

 0.27 

 0.34% 

 0.40 

 0.18% 

 0.36 

 0.28% 

 0.60 

 0.45% 

 0.88 

 1.31 

 1.08 

 1.30 

 1.36 

 1.46 

 461.76 

 319.49 

 723.61 

 499.90 

 326.66 

 — 

 (0.02) 

 — 

 (0.14) 

 0.02 

 11.98% 
 12.85 

 13.71% 
 13.17 

 12.24% 
 11.90 

 11.66% 
 11.25 

 10.86% 
 10.84 

__________________
(1)
(2)
(3)

Net income divided by average total assets.
Net income divided by average total equity.
Difference  between  weighted  average  yield  on  interest-earning  assets  and  weighted  average  cost  of  interest-bearing 
liabilities.
Net interest income before provision for (recapture of) loan losses as a percentage of average interest-earning assets.
Non-interest expenses divided by the sum of net interest income and non-interest income.
Non-performing  assets  include  non-accrual  loans,  loans  past  due  90  days  or  more  and  still  accruing,  non-accrual 
investment securities, OREO and other repossessed assets.
Loans receivable is before the allowance for loan losses.
Non-performing loans include non-accrual loans and loans past due 90 days or more and still accruing.  TDRs that are 
on accrual status are not included.

(4)
(5)
(6)

(7)
(8)

55

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Item 7.  Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF
FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

General

Management's  Discussion  and  Analysis  of  Financial  Condition  and  Results  of  Operations  is  intended  to  assist  in 
understanding the consolidated financial condition and results of operations of the Company.  The information contained in this 
section should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and accompanying notes thereto included in 
Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Overview

Timberland Bancorp, Inc., a Washington corporation, is the holding company for Timberland Bank.  The Bank opened 
for  business  in  1915  and  serves  consumers  and  businesses  across  Grays  Harbor,  Thurston,  Pierce,  King,  Kitsap  and  Lewis 
counties,  Washington  with  a  full  range  of  lending  and  deposit  services  through  its  24  branches  (including  its  main  office  in 
Hoquiam).  At September 30, 2020, the Company had total assets of $1.57 billion, net loans receivable of $1.01 billion, total 
deposits of $1.36 billion and total shareholders’ equity of $187.63 million.  The Company’s business activities generally are 
limited to passive investment activities and oversight of its investment in the Bank.  Accordingly, the information set forth in 
this report relates primarily to the Bank’s operations.

On October 1, 2018, the Company completed the South Sound Acquisition.  The operating results for the years ended  
September 30, 2019 and 2020 include the operating results produced by the net assets acquired in the South Sound Acquisition.  
For additional information on the South Sound Acquisition, see Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements contained in 
"Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data."

The Bank is a community-oriented bank which has traditionally offered a variety of savings products to its retail and 
business customers while concentrating its lending activities on real estate secured loans.  Lending activities have been focused 
primarily  on  the  origination  of  loans  secured  by  real  estate,  including  residential  construction  loans,  one-  to  four-family 
residential loans, multi-family loans and commercial real estate loans.  The Bank originates adjustable-rate residential mortgage 
loans, some of which do not qualify for sale in the secondary market.  The Bank also originates commercial business loans and 
other consumer loans.

The  profitability  of  the  Company’s  operations  depends  primarily  on  its  net  interest  income  after  provision  for 
(recapture of) loan losses.  Net interest income is the difference between interest income, which is the income that the Company 
earns on interest-earning assets, which are primarily loans and investments, and interest expense, the amount the Company pays 
on its interest-bearing liabilities, which are primarily deposits and borrowings (as needed).  Net interest income is affected by 
changes in the volume and mix of interest-earning assets, the interest earned on those assets, the volume and mix of interest-
bearing  liabilities  and  the  interest  paid  on  those  interest-bearing  liabilities.    Management  attempts  to  maintain  a  net  interest 
margin placing it within the top quartile of its Washington State peers.  Because of the length of the COVID-19 pandemic and 
the efficacy of the extraordinary measures being put in place to address its economic consequences are unknown, including the 
150 basis point reductions in the targeted federal funds rate (in March 2020), until the pandemic subsides, the Company expects 
its net interest income and net interest margin will be adversely affected.

The  provision  for  (recapture  of)  loan  losses  is  dependent  on  changes  in  the  loan  portfolio  and  management’s 
assessment of the collectability of the loan portfolio as well as prevailing economic and market conditions.  The allowance for 
loan  losses  reflects  the  amount  that  the  Company  believes  is  adequate  to  cover  probable  credit  losses  inherent  in  its  loan 
portfolio.  The Company recorded provisions for loan losses of $3.70 million for the year ended September 30, 2020 compared 
to none for the year ended September 30, 2019 due primarily to forecasted probable loan losses reflecting the potential future 
impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the economy.

On March 24, 2020, Washington State Governor Jay Inslee signed a statewide order due to the COVID-19 pandemic 
requiring  residents  to  stay-at-home  unless  involved  in  an  essential  activity.    All  business,  except  those  that  are  considered 
essential, were also ordered to close.  Although the stay-at-home order has been lifted and certain businesses were allowed to 
re-open, many restrictions remain in place.  As an essential business, the Company took various steps to ensure the safety of 
customers and personnel including branch lobby closures.  To ensure the safety of the Company's customers and employees, 
services are offered through drive up facilities and/or by appointment at some locations and other branch offices are now open 

56

on a modified basis.  Some of the Company's employees are working remotely or have flexible work schedules, and protective 
measures within the Company's offices have been established to help ensure the safety of those that employees who must work 
on-site.

The Company has worked with loan customers on loan deferral and forbearance plans.  In response to requests from 
borrowers, the Company made payment deferral modifications (typically 90-day payment deferrals with interest continuing to 
accrue or scheduled to be paid monthly) on a number of loans.  The majority of these borrowers had resumed making payments 
as  of  September  30,  2020  and  only  five  loans  totaling  $5.87  million  remained  on  deferral  status  as  of  that  date.    These 
modifications were not classified as TDRs at September 30, 2020 in accordance with guidance of the CARES Act and related 
regulatory guidance.  The CARES Act also authorized the SBA to temporarily guarantee loans under a new loan program called 
the  Paycheck  Protection  Program.  As  a  qualified  SBA  lender,  the  Company  was  automatically  authorized  to  originate  PPP 
loans upon commencement of the program in April 2020 through its conclusion in August 2020. As of September 30, 2020, the 
Company had $126.82 million in PPP loans to new and existing customers who are small to midsize businesses as well as non-
profit organizations, independent contractors, and partnerships as allowed under PPP guidance issued in April 2020. 

Net income is also affected by non-interest income and non-interest expense.  For the year ended September 30, 2020, 
non-interest  income  consisted  primarily  of  service  charges  on  deposit  accounts,  gain  on  sales  of  loans,  ATM  and  debit  card 
interchange transaction fees, an increase in the cash surrender value of BOLI, servicing income on loans sold, escrow fee and 
other operating income.  Non-interest income is also increased by net recoveries on investment securities and reduced by net 
OTTI losses on investment securities, if any.  Non-interest income is also decreased by by valuation allowances on servicing 
rights and increased by recoveries of valuation allowances on servicing rights, if any.  Non-interest expense consisted primarily 
of  salaries  and  employee  benefits,  premises  and  equipment,  advertising,  ATM  and  debit  card  interchange  transaction  fees, 
postage  and  courier  expenses,  amortization  of  CDI,  state  and  local  taxes,  professional  fees,  FDIC  insurance  premiums,  loan 
administration  and  foreclosure  expenses,  data  processing  and  telecommunication  expenses,  deposit  operation  expenses  and 
other  non-interest  expenses.    Non-interest  expense  in  certain  periods  are  reduced  by  gains  on  the  sale  of  premises  and 
equipment and by gains on the sale of OREO.  Non-interest income and non-interest expense are affected by the growth of the 
Company's operations and growth in the number and  balances of loan and deposit accounts.

Results of operations may be affected significantly by general and local economic and competitive conditions, changes 

in market interest rates, governmental policies and actions of regulatory authorities.

Operating Strategy

The Company is a bank holding company which operates primarily through its subsidiary, the Bank.  The Company's 
primary objective is to operate the Bank as a well capitalized, profitable, independent, community-oriented financial institution, 
serving  customers  in  its  primary  market  area  of  Grays  Harbor,  Pierce,  Thurston,  Kitsap,  King  and  Lewis  counties.    The 
Company's strategy is to provide products and superior service to small businesses and individuals located in its primary market 
area.

The Company's goal is to deliver returns to shareholders by focusing on the origination of higher-yielding assets (in 
particular  commercial  real  estate,  construction,  and  commercial  business  loans),  increasing  core  deposit  balances,  managing 
problem  assets,  efficiently  managing  expenses,  and  seeking  expansion  opportunities.    The  Company  seeks  to  achieve  these 
results by focusing on the following objectives:    

Expand our presence within our existing market areas by capturing opportunities resulting from changes in the 
competitive environment. We currently conduct our business primarily in western Washington. We have a community bank 
strategy that emphasizes responsive and personalized service to our customers.  As a result of the consolidation of banks in our 
market areas, we believe there is an opportunity for a community and customer focused bank to expand its customer base.  By 
offering timely decision making, delivering appropriate banking products and services, and providing customer access to our 
senior  managers  we  believe  community  banks,  such  as  Timberland  Bank,  can  distinguish  themselves  from  larger  banks 
operating in our market areas.  We believe we have a significant opportunity to attract additional borrowers and depositors and 
expand our market presence and market share within our extensive branch footprint.

Portfolio diversification. In recent years, we have limited the origination of speculative construction loans and land 
development  loans  in  favor  of  loans  that  possess  credit  profiles  representing  less  risk  to  the  Bank.    We  continue  originating 
owner/builder and custom construction loans, multi-family loans, commercial business loans and commercial real estate loans 
which offer higher risk adjusted returns, shorter maturities and more sensitivity to interest rate fluctuations than fixed rate one-
to  four-family  loans.    We  anticipate  capturing  more  of  each  customer's  banking  relationship  by  cross  selling  our  loan  and 
deposit products and offering additional services to our customers.

57

 
Increase core deposits and other retail deposit products. We focus on establishing a total banking relationship with 
our  customers  with  the  intent  of  internally  funding  our  loan  portfolio.    We  anticipate  that  the  continued  focus  on  customer 
relationships will increase our level of core deposits.  In addition to our retail branches, we maintain technology based products 
such as business cash management and a business remote deposit product that enable us to compete effectively with banks of all 
sizes.

Managing exposure to fluctuating interest rates. For many years, the majority of the loans the Bank has retained in 
its  portfolio  have  generally  possessed  periodic  interest  rate  adjustment  features  or  have  been  relatively  short  term  in  nature.  
Loans  originated  for  portfolio  retention  have  generally  included  ARM  loans,  short-term  construction  loans,  and  to  a  lesser 
extent  commercial  business  loans  with  interest  rates  tied  to  a  market  index  such  as  the  Prime  Rate.    Longer  term  fixed-rate 
mortgage loans have generally been originated for sale into the secondary market, although from time to time the Bank may 
retain  a  portion  of  its  fixed-rate  mortgage  loan  originations  and  extend  the  initial  fixed  rate  period  of  its  hybrid  ARM 
commercial real estate loans for asset/liability purposes.

Continue  generating  revenues  through  mortgage  banking  operations.  The  substantial  majority  of  the  fixed-rate 
residential mortgage loans we originate are sold into the secondary market with servicing retained.  This strategy produces gains 
on the sale of such loans and reduces the interest rate and credit risk associated with fixed-rate residential lending.  We continue 
to originate custom construction and owner/builder construction loans for sale into the secondary market upon the completion 
of construction.

Maintaining  strong  asset  quality.  We  believe  that  strong  asset  quality  is  a  key  to  our  long-term  financial  success.  
The  percentage  of  non-performing  loans  to  loans  receivable,  net  was  0.28%  and  0.34%  at  September  30,  2020  and  2019, 
respectively.  The Company's percentage of non-performing assets to total assets at September 30, 2020 was 0.27% compared 
to 0.40% at September 30, 2019.  Non-performing assets have decreased to $4.16 million at September 30, 2020 from $14.98 
million at September 30, 2015.  We continue to seek to reduce the level of non-performing assets through collections, write-
downs,  modifications  and  sales  of  OREO.    We  also  take  proactive  steps  to  resolve  our  non-performing  loans,  including 
negotiating  payment  plans,  forbearances,  loan  modifications  and  loan  extensions  and  accepting  short  payoffs  on  delinquent 
loans when such actions have been deemed appropriate.  We have also accepted short payoffs on delinquent loans, particularly 
when such payoffs result in a smaller loss to us than foreclosure.  Although the Company plans to continue to place emphasis 
on  certain  lending  products,  such  as  commercial  real  estate  loans,  construction  loans,  and  commercial  business  loans,  the 
Company  expects  to  continue  to  manage  its  credit  exposures  through  the  use  of  experienced  bankers  and  an  overall 
conservative approach to lending.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

The Company has established various accounting policies that govern the application of GAAP in the preparation of 
the  Company's  Consolidated  Financial  Statements.    The  Company  has  identified  six  policies  that  as  a  result  of  judgments, 
estimates and assumptions inherent in those policies, are critical to an understanding of the Company's Consolidated Financial 
Statements.  These policies relate to the methodology for the determination of the allowance for loan losses, the determination 
of any OTTI in the fair value of investment securities, the valuation of servicing rights, the valuation of OREO, the valuation of 
assets acquired and liabilities assumed in acquisitions and the valuation of goodwill for potential impairment.  These policies 
and  the  judgments,  estimates  and  assumptions  are  described  in  greater  detail  in  the  notes  to  the  Consolidated  Financial 
Statements contained in Item 8 of this Form 10-K.   In particular, Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements, “Summary 
of  Significant  Accounting  Policies,”  generally  describes  the  Company's  accounting  policies.    Management  believes  that  the 
judgments,  estimates  and  assumptions  used  in  the  preparation  of  the  Company's  Consolidated  Financial  Statements  are 
appropriate  given  the  factual  circumstances  at  the  time.    However,  given  the  sensitivity  of  the  Company's  Consolidated 
Financial Statements to these critical policies, the use of other judgments, estimates and assumptions could result in material 
differences in the Company's results of operations or financial condition. 

Market Risk and Asset and Liability Management

General.    Market  risk  is  the  risk  of  loss  from  adverse  changes  in  market  prices  and  rates.    The  Bank's  market  risk 
arises  primarily  from  interest  rate  risk  inherent  in  its  lending,  investment,  deposit  and  borrowing  activities.    The  Bank,  like 
other financial institutions, is subject to interest rate risk to the extent that its interest-earning assets reprice differently than its 
interest-bearing  liabilities.    Management  actively  monitors  and  manages  its  interest  rate  risk  exposure.    Although  the  Bank 
manages other risks, such as credit quality and liquidity risk, in the normal course of business management considers interest 
rate  risk  to  be  its  most  significant  market  risk  that  could  potentially  have  the  largest  material  effect  on  the  Bank's  financial 
condition and results of operations.  The Bank does not maintain a trading account for any class of financial instruments nor 
does it engage in hedging activities.  Furthermore, the Bank is not subject to foreign currency exchange rate risk or commodity 
price risk.

58

Qualitative  Aspects  of  Market  Risk.    The  Bank's  principal  financial  objective  is  to  achieve  long-term  profitability 
while reducing its exposure to fluctuating market interest rates.  The Bank has sought to reduce the exposure of its earnings to 
changes  in  market  interest  rates  by  attempting  to  manage  the  difference  between  asset  and  liability  maturities  and  interest 
rates.  The principal element in achieving this objective is to increase the interest rate sensitivity of the Bank's interest-earning 
assets  by  retaining  in  its  portfolio,  short-term  loans  and  loans  with  interest  rates  subject  to  periodic  adjustments.    The  Bank 
relies on retail deposits as its primary source of funds.  As part of its interest rate risk management strategy, the Bank promotes 
transaction accounts and certificates of deposit with terms of up to five years.

The Bank has adopted a strategy that is designed to substantially match the interest rate sensitivity of assets relative to 
its  liabilities.    The  primary  elements  of  this  strategy  involve  originating  ARM  loans  for  its  portfolio,  maintaining  residential 
construction loans as a portion of total net loans receivable because of their generally shorter terms and higher yields than other 
one-  to  four-family  residential  mortgage  loans,  matching  asset  and  liability  maturities,  investing  in  short-term  securities,  and 
originating fixed-rate loans for retention or sale in the secondary market while retaining the related servicing rights.

Sharp  increases  or  decreases  in  interest  rates  may  adversely  affect  the  Bank's  earnings.    Management  of  the  Bank 
monitors the Bank's interest rate sensitivity through the use of a model provided by NXTsoft Data Analytics, LLC (“NXTsoft”), 
a  company  that  specializes  in  providing  interest  rate  risk  and  balance  sheet  management  services  to  the  financial  services 
industry. Based on a rate shock analysis prepared by NXTsoft based on data at September 30, 2020, an immediate increase in 
interest  rates  of  100  basis  points  would  increase  the  Bank’s  projected  net  interest  income  by  approximately  7.7%,  primarily 
because a larger portion of the Bank's interest rate sensitive assets than interest rate sensitive liabilities would reprice within a 
one year period.  Conversely, an immediate decrease in interest rates of 100 basis points would decrease the Bank's projected 
net  interest  income  by  approximately  2.4%. 
  See  “Quantitative  Aspects  of  Market  Risk”  below  for  additional 
information.  Management has sought to sustain the match between asset and liability maturities and rates, while maintaining an 
acceptable interest rate spread.  Pursuant to this strategy, the Bank actively originates adjustable-rate loans for retention in its 
loan portfolio.  Fixed-rate mortgage loans with maturities greater than seven years generally are originated for the immediate or 
future resale in the secondary mortgage market.  Although the Bank has sought to originate ARM loans, the ability to originate 
such loans depends to a great extent on market interest rates and borrowers' preferences.  In lower interest rate environments, 
borrowers often prefer fixed-rate loans.

Consumer, commercial business and construction loans typically have shorter terms and higher yields than permanent 
residential mortgage loans, and accordingly reduce the Bank’s exposure to fluctuations in interest rates. At September 30, 2020, 
the consumer, commercial business and construction loan portfolios amounted to $35.65 million, $196.36 million and $219.50 
million, or 3.1%,  17.3% and 19.4% of total loans receivable, respectively.

Quantitative Aspects of Market Risk.  The model provided for the Bank by NXTsoft estimates the changes in net 
portfolio value ("NPV") and net interest income in response to a range of assumed changes in market interest rates.  The model 
first estimates the level of the Bank's NPV (market value of assets, less market value of liabilities, plus or minus the market 
value  of  any  off-balance  sheet  items)  under  the  current  rate  environment.    In  general,  market  values  are  estimated  by 
discounting the estimated cash flows of each instrument by appropriate discount rates.  The model then recalculates the Bank's 
NPV under different interest rate scenarios.  The change in NPV under the different interest rate scenarios provides a measure 
of the Bank's exposure to interest rate risk.  The following table is provided by NXTsoft based on data at September 30, 2020:

Hypothetical
Interest Rate
Scenario (3)
(Basis Points)  
+400
+300
+200
+100
BASE
-100
-200

Net Interest Income (1)(2)
$ Change
from Base

Estimated
Value

% Change
from Base

Estimated
Value
(Dollars in thousands)

Current Market Value
$ Change
from Base

% Change
from Base

$ 

58,220  $ 
54,406 
50,681 
47,067 
43,722 
42,653 
42,370 

14,498 
10,684 
6,959 
3,345 
— 
(1,069) 
(1,352) 

 33.16 % $ 
 24.44 
 15.92 
 7.65 
 — 
 (2.44) 
 (3.09) 

336,755  $ 
316,761 
296,000 
274,741 
253,583 
230,772 
253,236 

83,172 
63,178 
42,417 
21,158 
— 
(22,811) 
(347) 

 32.80 %
 24.91 
 16.73 
 8.34 
 — 
 (9.00) 
 (0.14) 

___________
(1)
(2)
(3)

Does not include loan fees.
Includes BOLI income, which is included in non-interest income in the Consolidated Financial Statements.
No rates in the model are allowed to go below zero. 

59

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Computations  of  prospective  effects  of  hypothetical  interest  rate  changes  are  based  on  numerous  assumptions, 
including relative levels of market interest rates, loan repayments and deposit decay, and should not be relied upon as indicative 
of actual results.  Furthermore, the computations do not reflect any actions management may undertake in response to changes 
in interest rates.

In the event of a 100 basis point decrease in interest rates, the Bank would be expected to experience a 9.0% decrease 
in NPV and a 2.4% decrease in net interest income.  In the event of a 100 basis point increase in interest rates, an 8.3% increase 
in NPV and a 7.7% increase in net interest income would be expected.  Based upon the modeling described above, the Bank's 
asset and liability structure generally results in increases in net interest income and NPV in a rising interest rate scenario and 
decreases in net interest income and NPV in a declining interest rate scenario.  

As  with  any  method  of  measuring  interest  rate  risk,  certain  shortcomings  are  inherent  in  the  method  of  analysis 
presented in the foregoing table.  For example, although certain assets and liabilities may have similar maturities or periods to 
repricing, they may react in different degrees to changes in market interest rates.  Also, the interest rates on certain types of 
assets and liabilities may fluctuate in advance of changes in market interest rates, while interest rates on other types may lag 
behind changes in market rates.  Additionally, certain assets have features which restrict changes in interest rates on a short-
term basis and over the life of the asset.  Further, in the event of a change in interest rates, expected rates of prepayments on 
loans and early withdrawals from certificates of deposit could possibly deviate significantly from those assumed in calculating 
the table.

Comparison of Financial Condition at September 30, 2020 and September 30, 2019 

The Company's total assets increased by $318.85 million, or 25.6%, to $1.57 billion at September 30, 2020 from $1.25 
billion at September 30, 2019.  The increase in assets was primarily due to increase in total cash and cash equivalents, net loans 
receivable, and investment securities.  The increase in total assets was funded primarily by increases in total deposits and FHLB 
borrowings. 

Net  loans  receivable  increased  by  $127.21  million,  or  14.3%,  to  $1.01  billion  at  September  30,  2020  from  $886.66 
million  at  September  30,  2019,  primarily  due  to  increases  in  commercial  business  (including  $126.82  million  of  SBA  PPP 
loans), commercial real estate, and multi-family loans.  These increases were partially offset by decreases in one- to four-family 
mortgage and consumer loans. 

Total deposits increased by $290.18 million, or 27.2%, to $1.36 billion at September 30, 2020 from $1.07 billion at 
September  30,  2019,  primarily  due  to  increases  in  non-interest  bearing  demand  account  balances,  NOW  checking  account 
balances, savings account balances, and money market account balances.

Shareholders'  equity  increased  by  $16.56  million,  or  9.7%,  to  $187.63  million  at  September  30,  2020  from  $171.07 
million at September 30, 2019.  The increase was primarily due to net income for the year ended September 30, 2020 of $24.27 
million  which  was  partially  offset  by  $7.08  million  in  dividends  paid  to  shareholders  and  $1.24  million  in  common  stock 
repurchases.

A more detailed explanation of the changes in significant balance sheet categories follows:

Cash and Cash Equivalents: Cash and cash equivalents increased by $171.44 million, or 119.9%, to $314.45 million 
at September 30, 2020 from $143.02 million at September 30, 2019.  The increase was primarily a result of increases in total 
deposits, which exceeded the funds required for loan originations and purchases of investment securities.

CDs  Held  for  Investment:    CDs  held  for  investment  decreased  by  $12.80  million,  or  16.3%,  to  $65.55  million  at 
September  30,  2020  from  $78.35  million  at  September  30,  2019.    Funds  received  as  CDs  matured  were  invested  into  other 
interest-earning assets as interest rates on CDs decreased during the year.

Investment  Securities  and  Investments  in  Equity  Securities:    Investment  securities  and  investments  in  equity 
securities  increased  by  $32.18  million,  or  59.0%,  to  $86.77  million  at  September  30,  2020  from  $54.59  million  at 
September  30,  2019.    The  increase  was  primarily  due  to  the  purchase  of  additional  agency  mortgage-backed  investment 
securities as  the  Company  put a  portion  of  its  excess overnight liquidity into higher-earning investment securities during the 
year ended September 30, 2020.  These increases were partially offset by  maturities, prepayments and scheduled amortization 
of other investment securities.  For additional details on investment securities, see "Item 1. Business - Investment Activities" 
and Note 4 to the Consolidated Financial Statements contained in "Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data."

60

FHLB  Stock:  FHLB  stock  increased  by  $485,000,  or  33.8%,  to  $1.92  million  at  September  30,  2020  from  $1.44 
million  at  September  30,  2019,  due  to  purchases  required  by  the  FHLB  as  a  result  of  the  increase  in  total  assets  and  FHLB 
borrowings.   

Other Investments: Other investments consist solely of the Company's investment in the Solomon Hess SBA Loan 
Fund LLC, which was unchanged at both September 30, 2020 and 2019.  This investment is utilized to help satisfy compliance 
with the Company's Community Reinvestment Act ("CRA") investment test requirements. 

Loans Held for Sale:  Loans held for sale decreased to $4.51 million, or 25.7%, at September 30, 2020 from $6.07 
million at September 30, 2019, primarily due to the timing and volume of mortgage banking loan sales.  The Company sells 
longer-term  fixed-rate  residential  loans  and  the  guaranteed  portion  of  SBA  commercial  business  loans  for  asset-liability 
management purposes and to generate non-interest income.  The Company sold $167.24 million in loans during the year ended 
September 30, 2020 compared to $73.03 million for the year ended September 30, 2019.  Sales of loans increased primarily due 
to increased refinance activity for one- to four-family loans due to the decrease in mortgage interest rates.

Loans Receivable, Net of Allowance for Loan Losses:  Net loans receivable increased by $127.21 million, or 14.3%, 
to  $1.01  billion  at  September  30,  2020  from  $886.66  million  at  September  30,  2019.  The  increase  consisted  of  a  $131.60 
million  increase  in  commercial  business  loans  (including  a  $126.82  million  increase  in  SBA  PPP  loans),  a  $34.46  million 
increase in commercial real estate loans, a $9.02 million increase in multi-family loans and smaller increases in several other 
categories.  These increases were partially offset by a $14.08 million decrease in one- to four-family loans, an $8.85 million 
decrease in consumer loans and smaller decreases in several other categories. 

Loan originations increased by $241.15 million, or 67.7%, to $597.19 million for the year ended September 30, 2020 
from  $356.04  million  for  the  year  ended  September  30,  2019.    The  increase  in  loan  originations  was  primarily  due  to  the 
funding of SBA PPP loans, increased loan demand for one- to four-family mortgage loan refinances, and the funding of several 
larger  commercial  business  and  commercial  real  estate  loans.    For  additional  information  on  loans,  see  "Item  1.  Business  - 
Lending  Activities"  and  Note  5  to  the  Consolidated  Financial  Statements  contained  in  "Item  8,  Financial  Statements  and 
Supplementary Data."

Premises  and  Equipment,  Net:    Premises  and  equipment  increased  by  $205,000,  or  0.9%,  to  $23.04  million  at 
September  30,  2020  from  $22.83  million  at  September  30,  2019.    The  increase  was  primarily  due  to  capitalized  remodeling 
costs associated with the Company's new data center facility.  This increase was partially offset by normal depreciation and the 
sale  of  land  acquired  in  the  South  Sound  Acquisition  that  had  been  held  for  future  expansion.  For  additional  information  on 
premises and equipment, see "Item 2. Properties" and Note 6 to the Consolidated Financial Statements contained in "Item 8. 
Financial Statements and Supplementary Data."

OREO  and  Other  Repossessed  Assets:    OREO  and  other  repossessed  assets  decreased  by  $633,000,  or  37.6%,  to 
$1.05 million at September 30, 2020 from $1.68 million at September 30, 2019.  The decrease was primarily due to the sales of 
$460,000 in OREO properties and OREO valuation write-downs of $173,000.  At September 30, 2020, total OREO and other 
repossessed assets consisted of six land parcels totaling $1.05 million.  The largest OREO property at September 30, 2020 was 
an  undeveloped  land  parcel  located  in  Lewis  County  with  a  balance  of  $702,000.    For  additional  information  on  OREO  and 
other repossessed assets, see "Item 1. Business - Lending Activities - Other Real Estate Owned and Other Repossessed Assets" 
and Note 7 to the Consolidated Financial Statements contained in "Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data."

Bank Owned Life Insurance ("BOLI"):  BOLI increased by $591,000, or 2.8%, to $21.60 million at September 30, 
2020 from $21.01 million at September 30, 2019.  The increase was due to net BOLI earnings, representing the increase in cash 
surrender value of the BOLI policies.  

Goodwill:    The  recorded  amount  of  goodwill  remained  unchanged  at  $15.13  million  at  September  30,  2020  from 
September  30,  2019.  The  Company  performed  its  annual  review  of  goodwill  during  the  quarter  ended  June  30,  2020  and 
determined that there was no impairment.  As of September 30, 2020, management believes that there had been no subsequent 
events  or  changes  in  circumstances  that  would  indicate  a  potential  impairment  of  goodwill.    For  additional  information  on 
goodwill, see Note 8 to the Consolidated Financial Statements contained in "Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary 
Data."

CDI:  CDI decreased by $406,000, or 20.0% to $1.63 million at September 30, 2020 from $2.03 million at September 

30, 2019 due to scheduled amortization.  For additional information on CDI, see Note 8 to the Consolidated Financial 
Statements contained in "Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data."

61

Servicing  Rights,  Net:    Servicing  rights  increased  by  $687,000,  or  28.5%,  to  $3.10  million  at  September  30,  2020 
from $2.41 million at September 30, 2019, primarily due to additional capitalized Freddie Mac servicing rights for loans being 
sold  with  servicing  retained,  which  was  partially  offset  by  amortization  and  valuation  allowances.    The  principal  amount  of 
loans serviced for Freddie Mac and the SBA increased by $27.46 million, or 6.9%, to $426.58 million at September 30, 2020 
from $399.12 million at September 30, 2019.  For additional information on servicing rights, see Note 9 to the Consolidated 
Financial Statements contained in "Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data."

Operating Lease Right-of-Use Assets:  Operating lease right-of-use-assets increased to $2.59 million at September 
30, 2020 as the Company adopted ASC 842 on October 1, 2019 and began recording operating lease right-of-use assets and 
operating lease liabilities on the balance sheet.  The operating lease right-of-use assets at September 30, 2020 represented the 
present  value  of  three  operating  leases  on  branch  facilities.    The  Company  adopted  the  provisions  of  ASC  842  utilizing  the 
optional transition method and therefore prior periods have not been restated.  For additional information on leases, see Note 10 
to the Consolidated Financial Statements contained in "Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data."

Other Assets:  Other assets decreased by $2.02 million, or 38.0%, to $3.30 million at September 30, 2020 from $5.32 
million at September 30, 2019. The decrease was primarily due to decreases in miscellaneous receivables (including income tax 
receivables) and prepaid expenses. 

Deposits: Deposits increased by $290.18 million, or 27.2%, to $1.36 billion at September 30, 2020 from $1.07 billion 
at September 30, 2019.  The increase consisted of a $145.42 million increase in non-interest bearing demand account balances, 
a  $79.84  million  increase  in  NOW  checking  account  balances,  a  $55.36  million  increase  in  savings  account  balances,  and  a 
$16.69 million increase in money market account balances. These increases were partially offset by a $7.13 million decrease in 
certificates of deposit account balances.  The increase in deposits was primarily driven by proceeds from SBA PPP loans and 
government stimulus checks deposited directly into customer accounts, organic growth in customer relationships and reduced 
withdrawals from deposit accounts due to a change in spending habits as a result of COVID-19.  For additional information on 
deposits,  see  "Item  1.  Business  -  Deposit  Activities  and  Other  Sources  of  Funds"  and  Note  11  to  the  Consolidated  Financial 
Statements contained in "Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data."

FHLB  Borrowings:    The  Company  has  short-  and  long-term  borrowing  lines  with  the  FHLB  with  total  credit 
available on the lines equal to 45% of the Bank's total assets, limited by available collateral.  FHLB borrowings increased to 
$10.00 million at September 30, 2020, as the Company borrowed funds consistent with its asset-liability objectives in March 
2020  as  long-term  rates  dropped  to  historic  lows  in  response  to  the  COVID-19  pandemic.  At  September  30,  2020,  FHLB 
borrowings consisted of two $5.00 million borrowings, with scheduled maturities at March 2025 and March 2027, which bear 
interest  at  1.19%  and  1.11%,  respectively.  The  Company  did  not  have  any  FHLB  borrowings  at  September  30,  2019.    For 
additional  information  on  FHLB  borrowings,  see  Note  12  to  the  Consolidated  Financial  Statements  contained  in  "Item  8. 
Financial Statements and Supplementary Data".

Operating  Lease  Liabilities:    Operating  lease  liabilities  increased  to  $2.63  million  at  September  30,  2020  as  the 
Company adopted ASC 842 on October 1, 2019 and began recording operating lease liabilities and operating lease right-of-use 
assets on the balance sheet.  The operating lease liability at September 30, 2020 represented the present value of three operating 
leases  on  branch  facilities.  The  Company  adopted  the  provisions  of  ASC  842  utilizing  the  optional  transition  method  and 
therefore prior periods have not been restated.  For additional information on leases, see Note 10 to the Consolidated Financial 
Statements contained in "Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data."

Other Liabilities and Accrued Expenses:  Other liabilities and accrued expenses decreased by $526,000, or 6.7%, to 
$7.31  million  at  September  30,  2020  from  $7.84  million  at  September  30,  2019.    The  decrease  was  primarily  due  to  timing 
differences in the normal course of business and a reduction in deferred compensation payable.

Shareholders'  Equity:    Total  shareholders'  equity  increased  by  $16.56  million,  or  9.7%,  to  $187.63  million  at 
September  30,  2020  from  $171.07  million  at  September  30,  2019.    The  increase  was  primarily  due  to  net  income  of  $24.27 
million  for  the  year  ended  September  30,  2020,  which  was  partially  offset  by  the  payment  of  $7.08  million  in  dividends  to 
common shareholders and the repurchase of 56,601 shares of the Company's common stock for $1.24 million during the year 
ended  September  30,  2020.    For  additional  information  on  shareholders'  equity,  see  the  Consolidated  Statements  of 
Shareholders' Equity contained in "Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data."

Comparison of Operating Results for the Years Ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 

Net income for the year ended September 30, 2020 increased by $249,000, or 1.0%, to $24.27 million from $24.02 
million for the year ended September 30, 2019.  Net income per diluted common share increased by $0.04, or 1.4%, to $2.88 

62

for the year ended September 30, 2020 from $2.84 for the year ended September 30, 2019.  The increase in net income was 
primarily due to an increase in non-interest income and a decrease in non-interest expense.  These increases to net income were 
partially  offset  by  an  increase  in  the  provision  for  loan  losses  and  a  decrease  in  net  interest  income.    The  increase  in  non- 
interest income was primarily due to an increase in gain on sales of loans.  The decrease in non-interest expense was primarily 
due  to  a  decrease  in  data  processing  and  telecommunication  expenses.    The  increase  in  the  provision  for  loan  losses  was 
primarily due to economic uncertainties associated with the COVID-19 pandemic.

A more detailed explanation of the income statement categories is presented below.

Net  Interest  Income:    Net  interest  income  decreased  by  $278,000,  or  0.5%,  to  $50.88  million  for  the  year  ended 
September  30,  2020  from  $51.16  million  for  the  year  ended  September  30,  2019.    The  decrease  in  net  interest  income  was 
primarily  due  to  a  decrease  in  the  average  yield  on  interest-earning  assets,  which  was  partially  offset  by  an  increase  in  the 
average balance of interest-earning assets. 

Total  interest  and  dividend  income  decreased  by  $142,000,  or  0.3%,  to  $55.58  million  for  the  year  ended 
September 30, 2020 from $55.73 million  for the year ended September 30, 2019, primarily due to a decrease  in  the average 
yield on interest-earning assets, which was partially offset by an increase in the average balance of interest-earning assets.  The 
average yield on interest-earnings assets decreased to 4.26% for the year ended September 30, 2020 from 4.90% for the year 
ended  September  30,  2019  as  market  rates  decreased.    Beginning  in  August  2019,  the  Federal  Reserve  reduced  the  targeted 
federal funds rate by 25 basis points three times in 2019 and during the quarter ended March 31, 2020 by 150 basis points in 
response to the COVID-19 pandemic, to a range of 0.00% to 0.25% at September 30, 2020.  Partially offsetting the decrease in 
the  average  yield  on  interest-earning  assets  was  an  increase  in  the  average  balance  of  interest-earning  assets.    Average  total 
interest-earning assets increased by $166.51 million, or 14.6%, to $1.30 billion for the year ended September 30, 2020 from 
$1.14 billion for the year ended September 30, 2019.  Interest income on loans receivable and loans held for sale increased by 
$2.21  million,  or  4.5%,  to  $51.34  million  for  the  year  ended  September  30,  2020  from  $49.13  million  for  the  year  ended 
September 30, 2019, primarily due to a $91.42 million increase in the average balance of loans receivable during the current 
year.  This  increase  was  partially  offset  by  a  decrease  in  the  average  yield  on  loans  receivable  to  5.29%  for  the  year  ended 
September 30, 2020 from 5.59% for the year ended September 30, 2019.  

During  the  year  ended  September  30,  2020,  the  accretion  of  the  purchase  accounting  fair  value  discount  on  loans 
acquired in the South Sound Acquisition increased interest income on loans by $597,000 compared to $645,000 for the year 
ended September 30, 2019.  The accretion of the net fair value discount on acquired loans increased the average yield on loans 
by six basis points for the year ended September 30, 2020 and seven basis points for the year ended September 30, 2019.  The 
incremental accretion and the impact on loan yield will change during any period based on the volume of prepayments, but it is 
expected to decrease over time as the balance of the net discount declines.  The remaining net discount on these acquired loans 
was $790,000 at September 30, 2020.  During the year ended September 30, 2020 a total of $911,000 in non-accrual interest, 
pre-payment penalties and late fees was collected compared to $372,000 for the year ended September 30, 2019.  

Also  impacting  the  average  yield  and  average  interest-earning  asset  balances  during  the  year  ended  September  30, 
2020 were SBA PPP loans originated.  These PPP loans have a prescribed interest rate of 1.00% and are also subject to loan 
origination  fees  which  are  accreted  into  interest  income  over  the  life  of  each  loan.    For  the  year  ended  September  30,  2020, 
average PPP loans were $55.40 million and the Company recorded $556,000 in interest income and accreted $1.04 million in 
PPP  loan  origination  fees  into  income.    Interest  income  on  investment  securities  increased  by  $315,000,  or  24.9%,  to  $1.58 
million for the year ended September 30, 2020 from $1.26 million for the year ended September 30, 2019 primarily due to an 
increase  in  the  average  balance  of  investment  securities,  which  was  partially  offset  by  a  decrease  in  the  average  yield  on 
investment securities.  Interest income on interest-bearing deposits in banks and CDs decreased by $2.64 million, or 51.0%, to 
$2.54 million for the year ended September 30, 2020 from $5.17 million for the year ended September 30, 2019, primarily due 
to  an  decrease  in  the  average  yield  to  1.00%  from  2.41%  as  market  rates  decreased.    The  decrease  in  the  average  yield  was 
partially offset by an increase in the average balance of interest-bearing deposits in banks and CDs. 

Total interest expense increased by $136,000, or 3.0%, to $4.70 million for the year ended September 30, 2020 from 
$4.57 million for the year ended September 30, 2019.  The increase in interest expense was primarily due to a increases in the 
average balances of interest-bearing deposits and FHLB borrowings, which were partially offset by a decrease in the average 
cost of interest-bearing liabilities.  Average interest-bearing deposits increased by $62.52 million, or 8.1%, to $829.91 million 
for  the  year  ended  September  30,  2020  from  $767.39  million  for  the  year  ended  September  30,  2019  and  average  FHLB 
borrowings increased to $5.69 million for the year ended September 30, 2020 from $0 for the year ended September 30, 2019.  
The average cost of interest-bearing liabilities decreased to 0.56% for the year ended September 30, 2020 from 0.59% for the 
year ended September 30, 2019 as market interest rates for deposits decreased.   

63

As  a  result  of  these  changes,  the  net  interest  margin  decreased  60  basis  points  to  3.90%  for  the  year  ended 

September 30, 2020 from 4.50% for the year ended September 30, 2019.

Provision for Loan Losses:  Provisions for loan losses totaled $3.70 million for the year ended September 30, 2020 
compared to no provision for loan losses for the year ended September 30, 2019.  The provision for loan for the current fiscal 
year  was  primarily  due  to  the  deteriorating  economic  conditions  and  probable  loan  losses  driven  by  the  impact  of  the 
COVID-19  pandemic  on  the  U.S.  and  global  economies.    The  Company  had  net  recoveries  of  $24,000  for  the  year  ended 
September 30, 2020 and net recoveries of $160,000 for the year ended September 30, 2019.  The net charge-offs (recoveries) to 
average  outstanding  loans  ratio  was  0.00%  for  the  year  ended  September  30,  2020  and  (0.02)%  for  the  year  ended 
September 30, 2019.  The level of delinquent loans (loans 30 or more days past due) decreased by $177,000, or 4.5%, to $3.75 
million at September 30, 2020 from $3.93 million at September 30, 2019 and the level of loans graded substandard decreased 
by $1.67 million, or 31.4%, to $3.65 million at September 30, 2020 from $5.32 million at September 30, 2019.  Special mention 
loans increased by $3.32 million or 130.2%, to $5.86 million at September 30, 2020 from $2.55 million at September 30, 2019.  
Non-accrual  loans  decreased  by  $128,000,  or  4.2%,  to  $2.91  million  at  September  30,  2020  from  $3.03  million  at 
September 30, 2019.

The Company has worked with loan customers impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic on loan deferral and forbearance 
plans.  In response to requests from borrowers, the Company made payment deferral modifications (typically 90-day payment 
deferrals  with  interest  continuing  to  accrue  or  scheduled  to  be  paid  monthly)  on  a  number  of  loans  during  the  year  ended 
September 30, 2020.  Most of these borrowers had resumed making payments during the year and only five loans totaling $5.87 
million remained on deferral status as of September 30, 2020.  These modifications were not classified as TDRs at September 
30, 2020 in accordance with guidance of the CARES Act and related regulatory guidance.   

The  $126.82  million  balance  of  SBA  PPP  loans  was  omitted  from  the  Company's  normal  allowance  for  loan  losses 
calculation  at  September  30,  2020  as  these  loans  are  fully  guaranteed  by  the  SBA  and  management  expects  that  most  PPP 
borrowers will seek full or partial forgiveness of their loan obligations from the SBA within a short time frame, which will in 
turn reimburse the Bank for the amount forgiven.  

The  Company  has  established  a  comprehensive  methodology  for  determining  the  allowance  for  loan  losses.    On  a 
quarterly  basis  the  Company  performs  an  analysis  that  considers  pertinent  factors  underlying  the  quality  of  the  loan 
portfolio.    These  factors  include  changes  in  the  amount  and  composition  of  the  loan  portfolio,  historic  loss  experience  for 
various  loan  segments,  changes  in  economic  conditions,  delinquency  rates,  a  detailed  analysis  of  impaired  loans,  and  other 
factors to determine an appropriate level of allowance for loan losses.  Impaired loans are subject to an impairment analysis to 
determine an appropriate reserve amount to be allocated to each loan.  The aggregate principal impairment amount determined 
at September 30, 2020 was $41,000 compared to $172,000 at September 30, 2019.

In accordance with GAAP, loans acquired in the South Sound Acquisition were recorded at their estimated fair value, 
which  resulted  in  a  net  discount  to  the  loans'  contractual  amounts,  of  which  a  portion  reflects  a  discount  for  possible  credit 
losses.  Credit discounts are included in the determination of fair value and as a result no allowance for loan losses is recorded 
for acquired loans at the acquisition date.  The discount recorded on the acquired loans is not reflected in the allowance for loan 
losses  or  related  allowance  coverage  ratios.    The  remaining  fair  value  discount  on  loans  acquired  in  the  South  Sound 
Acquisition  was  $790,000  at  September  30,  2020.      The  Company  believes  this  should  be  considered  by  investors  when 
comparing the Company's allowance for loan losses to total loans in periods prior to the South Sound Acquisition.

Based  on  the  comprehensive  methodology,  management  believes  the  allowance  for  loan  losses  of  $13.41  million  at 
September  30,  2020  (1.31%  of  loans  receivable  and  461.8%  of  non-performing  loans)  was  adequate  to  provide  for  probable 
losses based on an evaluation of known and inherent risks in the loan portfolio at that date.  While the Company believes it has 
established its existing allowance for loan losses in accordance with GAAP, there can be no assurance that bank regulators, in 
reviewing the Company's loan portfolio, will not request the Company to increase significantly its allowance for loan losses.  In 
addition, because future events affecting borrowers and collateral cannot be predicted with certainty, there can be no assurance 
that the existing allowance for loan losses is adequate or that substantial increases will not be necessary should the quality of 
any loans deteriorate.  Any material increase in the allowance for loan losses would adversely affect the Company's financial 
condition  and  results  of  operations.    For  additional  information,  see  "Item  1.  Business  -  Lending  Activities  --  Allowance  for 
Loan Losses."

Non-interest Income: Total non-interest income increased by $2.85 million, or 19.9%, to $17.19 million for the year 
ended September 30, 2020 from $14.34 million for the year ended September 30, 2019.  The increase was primarily due to a 
$4.23 million increase in gain on sales of loans, recoveries of $483,000 of previously charged off receivables acquired in the 
South Sound Acquisition (which are recorded in the "Other, net" non-interest category), and smaller increases in several other 
categories.    These  increases  were  partially  offset  by  a  $1.05  million  decrease  in  BOLI  net  earnings,  a  $757,000  decrease  in 

64

service  charges  on  deposits  and  smaller  decreases  in  several  other  categories.    The  increase  in  gain  on  sales  of  loans  was 
primarily due to an increase in the dollar amount of fixed rate one- to four-family loans originated and sold during the current 
year and an increase in the average pricing margin.  The increase in mortgage banking volumes were largely due to increased 
refinance  activity  for  single  family  homes  due  to  lower  mortgage  interest  rates.    Net  BOLI  earnings  were  higher  for  the 
comparable period one year ago primarily due to a BOLI death benefit claim.  The decrease in service charges on deposits was 
primarily due to a decrease in overdraft fee income.

Non-interest Expense:  Total non-interest expense decreased by $1.52 million, or 4.3%, to $34.06 million for the year 
ended September 30, 2020 from $35.58 million for the year ended September 30, 2019.  The decrease was primarily due to a 
$1.42 million decrease in data processing and telecommunications expense and smaller decreases in several other categories. 
Data processing related expenses were elevated for the year ended September 30, 2019 due to the Company's core operating 
system and ancillary technology systems conversions. The efficiency ratio for the year ended September 30, 2020 improved to 
50.04% from 54.32% for the year ended September 30, 2019.

Provision for Income Taxes:  The provision for income taxes increased by $137,000, or 2.3% to $6.04 million for the 
year ended September 30, 2020 from $5.90 million for the year ended September 30, 2019.  The increase in the provision for 
income taxes was primarily due to higher income before income taxes.  The Company's effective income tax rate was 19.9% for 
the  year  ended  September  30,  2020  compared  to  19.7%  for  the  year  ended  September  30,  2019.    Contributing  to  the  lower 
effective income tax rate for the year ended September 30, 2019 was a higher percentage of tax-exempt income, primarily due 
to  a  BOLI  death  benefit  claim.    For  additional  information  on  income  taxes,  see  Note  14  of  the  Consolidated  Financial 
Statements contained in "Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data."

Average Balances, Interest and Average Yields/Cost

The earnings of the Company depend largely on the spread between the yield on interest-earning assets and the cost of 
interest-bearing liabilities, as well as the relative amount of the Company's interest-earning assets and interest- bearing liability 
portfolios.

65

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Rate/Volume Analysis

The  following  table  sets  forth  the  effects  of  changing  rates  and  volumes  on  net  interest  income  on  the 
Company.  Information is provided with respect to the (i) effects on interest income attributable to changes in volume (changes 
in volume multiplied by prior rate), (ii) effects on interest income attributable to changes in rate (changes in rate multiplied by 
prior volume), and (iii) the net change (sum of the prior columns).  Changes in both rate and volume have been allocated to rate 
and volume variances based on the absolute values of each.

Year Ended September 30,
2020 Compared to Year
Ended September 30, 2019
Increase (Decrease)
Due to

Year Ended September 30,
2019 Compared to Year
Ended September 30, 2018
Increase (Decrease)
Due to

Rate

Volume

Net
Change
(Dollars in thousands)

Rate

Volume

Net
Change

$ 

(2,714)  $ 
(546)   

4,928  $ 
861 

2,214  $ 
315 

2,112  $ 
99 

8,717  $ 
948 

10,829 
1,047 

(46)   

(3,468)   

12 

831 

(34)   

36 

(2,637)   

1,478 

6 

496 

42 

1,974 

(6,774)   

6,632 

(142)   

3,725 

10,167 

13,892 

60 
(342)   
(47)   
215 
33 

22 
(42)   
89 
115 
33 

82 
(384)   
42 
330 
66 

11 
311 
201 
754 
— 

10 
86 
188 
226 
— 

21 
397 
389 
980 
— 

(81)   
(6,693)  $ 

217 
6,415  $ 

$ 

136 
(278)  $ 

1,277 
2,448  $ 

510 
9,657  $ 

1,787 
12,105 

Interest-earning assets:
Loans receivable (1)
Investment securities
Dividends from mutual funds, 
FHLB stock and other investments
Interest-bearing deposits in banks 
and CDs
Total net change in income on 

interest-earning assets

Interest-bearing liabilities:
Savings accounts
Money market accounts
NOW checking accounts
Certificates of deposit accounts
FHLB borrowings
Total net change in expense on 
interest-bearing liabilities
Net change in net interest income

______________
(1)

Excludes interest on loans on non-accrual status.  Includes loans held for sale and interest earned on loans held for 
sale.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

The  Company's  primary  sources  of  funds  are  customer  deposits,  proceeds  from  principal  and  interest  payments  on 
loans,  the  sale  of  loans,  maturing  investment  securities,  maturing  CDs  held  for  investment  and  FHLB  borrowings  (if 
needed).    While  the  maturities  and  the  scheduled  amortization  of  loans  are  a  predictable  source  of  funds,  deposit  flows  and 
mortgage prepayments are greatly influenced by general interest rates, economic conditions and competition.

The  Bank  must  maintain  an  adequate  level  of  liquidity  to  ensure  the  availability  of  sufficient  funds  to  fund  loan 
originations  and  deposit  withdrawals,  to  satisfy  other  financial  commitments  and  to  take  advantage  of  investment 
opportunities.  The Bank generally maintains sufficient cash and short-term investments to meet short-term liquidity needs.  At 
September 30, 2020, the Bank's regulatory liquidity ratio (net cash, and short-term and marketable assets, as a percentage of net 
deposits  and  short-term  liabilities)  was  29.1%.    At  September  30,  2020,  the  Bank  maintained  an  uncommitted  credit  facility 
with  the  FHLB  that  provided  for  immediately  available  borrowings  up  to  an  aggregate  amount  equal  to  45%  of  total  assets, 
limited  by  available  collateral,  under  which  $10.0  million  was  outstanding.    The  Bank  had  $364.09  million  available  for 
additional borrowings with the FHLB at September 30, 2020.  The Bank maintains a short-term borrowing line with the FRB 
with total credit based on eligible collateral.  At September 30, 2020, the Bank had no outstanding balance on this borrowing 
line,  under  which  $71.90  million  was  available  for  future  borrowings.    The  Bank  also  maintains  a  $50.00  million  overnight 
borrowing line with PCBB.  At September 30, 2020, the Bank did not have an outstanding balance on this borrowing line.

67

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Liquidity management is both a short and long-term responsibility of the Bank's management.  The Bank adjusts its 
investments in liquid assets based upon management's assessment of (i) expected loan demand, (ii) projected loan sales, (iii) 
expected deposit flows, and (iv) yields available on interest-bearing deposits.  Excess liquidity is invested generally in interest-
bearing overnight deposits, CDs held for investment and short-term government and agency obligations.  If the Bank requires 
funds beyond its ability to generate them internally, it has additional borrowing capacity with the FHLB, the FRB and PCBB. 

The Bank's primary investing activity is the origination of loans.  During the years ended September 30, 2020, 2019 
and 2018, the Bank originated $597.19 million, $356.04 million and $329.59 million of loans, respectively.  At September 30, 
2020, the Bank had loan commitments totaling $141.61 million and undisbursed construction loans in process totaling $100.56 
million.    The  Bank  anticipates  that  it  will  have  sufficient  funds  available  to  meet  current  loan  commitments.    CDs  that  are 
scheduled to mature in less than one year from September 30, 2020 totaled $102.86 million.  Historically, the Bank has been 
able to retain a significant amount of its deposits as they mature.

The Bank’s liquidity is also affected by the volume of loans sold and loan principal payments.  During the years ended 
September  30,  2020,  2019  and  2018,  the  Bank  sold  $167.24  million,  $73.03  million  and  $66.40  million  in  loans  and  loan 
participation interests, respectively.  During the years ended September 30, 2020, 2019 and 2018, the Bank received $287.04 
million, $241.66 million and $235.61 million in principal repayments, respectively. 

The Bank’s liquidity has been impacted by increases in deposit levels.  During the years ended September 30, 2020, 

2019 and 2018, deposits increased by $290.18 million, $178.72 million and $51.61 million, respectively.

Cash  and  cash  equivalents,  CDs  held  for  investment  and  investment  securities  increased  to  $465.79  million  at 

September 30, 2020 from $275.00 million at September 30, 2019.

Timberland Bancorp is a separate legal entity from the Bank and must provide for its own liquidity and pay its own 
operating  expenses.    Sources  of  capital  and  liquidity  for  Timberland  Bancorp  include  distributions  from  the  Bank  and  the 
issuance  of  debt  or  equity  securities.    At  September  30,  2020,  Timberland  Bancorp  (on  an  unconsolidated  basis)  had  liquid 
assets of $2.63 million.

Bank  holding  companies  and  federally-insured  state-chartered  banks  are  required  to  maintain  minimum  levels  of 
regulatory capital.  At September 30, 2020, Timberland Bancorp and the Bank were in compliance with all applicable capital 
requirements.    For  additional  details  see  Note  18  to  the  Consolidated  Financial  Statements  contained  in  “Item  8.  Financial 
Statements and Supplementary Data” and “Item 1. Business - Regulation of the Bank - Capital Requirements.”

Contractual obligations.  The following table presents, as of September 30, 2020, the Company’s significant fixed 
and determinable contractual operating lease obligations by payment date. There were no other fixed determinable contractual 
obligations outstanding at September 30, 2020.

Contractual obligations

Long-term debt obligations

Operating lease obligations

Total contractual obligations

Less than
1 year

1 year
through
3 years

Payments due by period
After
3 years
through
 5 years
(Dollars in thousands)

After
5 years

Total

$ 

$ 

—  $ 

—  $ 

5,000  $ 

5,000  $ 

10,000 

327 

652 

630 

1,322 

2,931 

327  $ 

652  $ 

5,630  $ 

6,322  $ 

12,931 

Off-Balance Sheet Activities.  The Company is a party to financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk in the 

normal course of business in order to meet the financial needs of its customers.  For information regarding our commitments 
and off-balance sheet arrangements, see Note 17 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8. 
"Financial Statements and Supplementary Data" of this Form 10-K.

68

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
A summary of the Company's commitments at September 30, 2020 and 2019 is as follows (in thousands):

Undisbursed portion of construction loans in process
Undisbursed lines of credit
Commitments to extend credit
     Total commitments

Effect of Inflation and Changing Prices

2020
100,558  $ 
103,030 
38,581 
242,169  $ 

2019

92,226 
80,184 
16,578 
188,988 

$ 

$ 

The  consolidated  financial  statements  and  related  financial  data  presented  herein  have  been  prepared  in  accordance 
with  GAAP  which  require  the  measurement  of  financial  position  and  operating  results  in  terms  of  historical  dollars,  without 
considering the change in the relative purchasing power of money over time due to inflation.  The primary impact of inflation 
on the operation of the Company is reflected in increased operating costs.  Unlike most industrial companies, virtually all the 
assets and liabilities of a financial institution are monetary in nature.  As a result, interest rates generally have a more significant 
impact on a financial institution's performance than do general levels of inflation.  Interest rates do not necessarily move in the 
same direction or to the same extent as the prices of goods and services.

New Accounting Pronouncements

For a discussion of new accounting pronouncements and their impact on the Company, see Note 1 to the Consolidated 

Financial Statements contained in "Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data".

Item 7A.  Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

The information contained under “Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results 

of Operations - Market Risk and Asset and Liability Management” of this Form 10-K is incorporated herein by reference.

Item 8.  Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

TIMBERLAND BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY

Index to Consolidated Financial Statements

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2020 and 2019
Consolidated Statements of Income for the Years Ended

September 30, 2020, 2019 and 2018

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the
Years Ended September 30, 2020, 2019 and 2018

Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity for the

Years Ended September 30, 2020, 2019 and 2018
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Years Ended

September 30, 2020, 2019 and 2018
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

69

Page

70
71

73

75

76

78
80

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm            

To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of 
Timberland Bancorp, Inc. 

Opinion on the Financial Statements 

We  have  audited  the  accompanying  consolidated  balance  sheets  of  Timberland  Bancorp,  Inc.  and  Subsidiary 
(collectively,  "the  Company")  as  of  September  30,  2020  and  2019,  and  the  related  consolidated  statements  of 
income,  comprehensive  income,  shareholders'  equity,  and  cash  flows  for  each  of  the  years  in  the  three-year 
period ended September 30, 2020, and the related notes (collectively referred to as "the financial statements"). In 
our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company 
as of September 30, 2020 and 2019, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the years in 
the three-year period ended September 30, 2020, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in 
the United States of America (U.S.).   

Basis for Opinion 

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management.  Our responsibility is to express 
an  opinion  on  the  Company's  financial  statements  based  on  our  audits.    We  are  a  public  accounting  firm 
registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be 
independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable 
rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB. 

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB.  Those standards require that we plan 
and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material 
misstatement,  whether  due  to  error  or  fraud.    The  Company  is  not  required  to  have,  nor  were  we  engaged  to 
perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting.  As part of our audits, we are required to obtain an 
understanding of internal control over financial reporting, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the 
effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting.  Accordingly, we express no such opinion. 

Our  audits  included  performing  procedures  to  assess  the  risks  of  material  misstatement  of  the  financial 
statements,  whether  due  to  error  or  fraud,  and  performing  procedures  that  respond  to  those  risks.    Such 
procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial 
statements.  Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by 
management,  as  well  as  evaluating  the  overall  presentation  of  the  financial  statements.    We  believe  that  our 
audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion. 

We have served as the Company's auditor since 2010. 

Lake Oswego, Oregon 
December 9, 2020 

70

Consolidated Balance Sheets

(Dollars in Thousands, Except Per Share Amounts)

Timberland Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary
September 30, 2020 and 2019 

Assets
Cash and cash equivalents:

Cash and due from financial institutions
Interest-bearing deposits in banks
Total cash and cash equivalents

2020

2019

$ 

21,877  $ 
292,575 
314,452 

25,179 
117,836 
143,015 

Certificates of deposit (“CDs”) held for investment (at cost, which
     approximates fair value)

Investment securities held to maturity, at amortized cost (estimated fair value $29,827 and 
$32,580)
Investment securities available for sale, at fair value
Investments in equity securities, at fair value
Federal Home Loan Bank of Des Moines (“FHLB”) stock
Other investments, at cost
Loans held for sale
Loans receivable, net of allowance for loans losses of $13,414 and $9,690
Premises and equipment, net
Other real estate owned (“OREO”) and other repossessed assets, net
Accrued interest receivable
Bank owned life insurance (“BOLI”)
Goodwill
Core deposit intangible (“CDI”), net
Servicing rights, net
Operating lease right-of-use ("ROU")  assets
Other assets

Total assets

$ 

65,545 

78,346 

27,890 
57,907 
977 
1,922 
3,000 
4,509 
1,013,875 
23,035 
1,050 
4,484 
21,596 
15,131 
1,625 
3,095 
2,587 
3,298 
1,565,978  $ 

31,102 
22,532 
958 
1,437 
3,000 
6,071 
886,662 
22,830 
1,683 
3,598 
21,005 
15,131 
2,031 
2,408 
— 
5,323 
1,247,132 

Liabilities and shareholders’ equity
Liabilities
Deposits:
     Non-interest-bearing demand

     Interest-bearing

Total deposits

Operating lease liabilities

FHLB borrowings

Other liabilities and accrued expenses

Total liabilities

Commitments and contingencies (See Note 17)

$ 

441,889  $ 

916,517 

296,472 

771,755 

1,358,406 

1,068,227 

2,630 

10,000 

7,312 

— 

— 

7,838 

1,378,348 

1,076,065 

See notes to consolidated financial statements

71

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated Balance Sheets (continued)

(Dollars in Thousands, Except Per Share Amounts)

Timberland Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary
September 30, 2020 and 2019 

Shareholders’ equity
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value; 1,000,000 shares authorized; none issued

Common stock, $0.01 par value; 50,000,000 shares authorized;
  8,310,793 shares issued and outstanding - September 30, 2020
  8,329,419 shares issued and outstanding - September 30, 2019
Retained earnings
Accumulated other comprehensive income

Total shareholders’ equity
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity

2020

—  $ 

2019
— 

42,396 
145,173 
61 
187,630 
1,565,978  $ 

43,030 
127,987 
50 
171,067 
1,247,132 

$ 

$ 

See notes to consolidated financial statements

72

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated Statements of Income

(Dollars in Thousands, Except Per Share Amounts)

Timberland Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary
Years Ended September 30, 2020, 2019 and 2018

2020

2019

2018

Interest and dividend income

Loans receivable and loans held for sale
Investment securities
Dividends from mutual funds, FHLB stock and other investments 
Interest-bearing deposits in banks and CDs
Total interest and dividend income

$ 

51,341  $ 
1,579 
128 
2,535 
55,583 

49,127  $ 
1,264 
162 
5,172 
55,725 

38,298 
217 
120 
3,198 
41,833 

2,778 
— 
2,778 

4,635 
66 
4,701 

4,565 
— 
4,565 

50,882 

51,160 

39,055 

3,700 

— 

— 

Interest expense

Deposits
FHLB borrowings
Total interest expense

Net interest income

Provision for loan losses

Net interest income after provision of loan losses

47,182 

51,160 

39,055 

Non-interest income

Recoveries on investment securities
Adjustment for portion of other than temporary impairment ("OTTI") 
transferred from other comprehensive income (loss) (before income 
taxes)
Net recoveries on investment securities

Gain on sales of investment securities, net
Service charges on deposits
ATM and debit card interchange transaction fees
BOLI net earnings
Gain on sales of loans, net
Escrow fees
Servicing income on loans sold
Valuation allowance on servicing rights, net
Fee income from non-deposit investment sales
Other, net
Total non-interest income, net

120 

— 
120 

— 
4,147 
4,378 
591 
5,979 
273 
193 
(221)   
22 
1,706 
17,188 

71 

(12)   
59 

47 
4,904 
4,036 
1,641 
1,754 
197 
466 

(4)   
46 
1,195 
14,341 

73 

(5) 
68 

— 
4,581 
3,570 
547 
1,893 
211 
480 
— 
109 
1,085 
12,544 

 See notes to consolidated financial statements

73

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated Statements of Income (continued)

(Dollars in Thousands, Except Per Share Amounts)

Timberland Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary
Years Ended September 30, 2020, 2019 and 2018

Non-interest expense

Salaries and employee benefits
Premises and equipment
Loss (gain) on sales/dispositions of premises and equipment, net
Advertising

OREO and other repossessed assets, net
ATM and debit card interchange transaction fees
Postage and courier
Amortization of CDI
State and local taxes

Professional fees

Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation ("FDIC") insurance
Loan administration and foreclosure

Data processing and telecommunications

Deposit operations

Other
Total non-interest expense, net

Income before income taxes

Provision for income taxes
     Net income 

Net income per common share

Basic

Diluted

2020

2019

2018

$ 

18,351  $ 
3,962 

(98)   
631 
276 
1,628 
568 
406 
998 

1,107 

204 
448 

2,285 

1,114 

2,183 
34,063 

18,545  $ 
3,831 
7 
696 
221 
1,583 
514 
452 
873 

1,019 

187 
382 

3,707 

1,358 

2,205 
35,580 

15,740 
3,231 
(102) 
782 
140 
1,296 
456 
— 
687 

1,390 

294 
336 

1,938 

1,192 

1,797 
29,177 

30,307 

29,921 

22,422 

6,038 

$ 

24,269  $ 

5,901 
24,020  $ 

5,701 
16,721 

$ 

$ 

2.91  $ 

2.88  $ 

2.89  $ 

2.84  $ 

2.28 

2.22 

See notes to consolidated financial statements

74

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income 

(Dollars in Thousands)

Timberland Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary
Years Ended September 30, 2020, 2019 and 2018

Comprehensive income

Net income
Other comprehensive income (loss)

Unrealized holding gain (loss) on investment securities available for 

sale, net of income taxes of $(1), $23, and $8, respectively

Change in OTTI on investment securities held to maturity, net of 

income taxes:

Adjustments related to other factors for which OTTI was 

previously recognized, net of income taxes of $(1), $(1), and 
$(2), respectively

Amount reclassified to credit loss for previously recorded
market loss, net of income taxes of $0, $3, and $1, respectively

Accretion of OTTI on investment securities held to maturity, net 
of income taxes of $4, $6, and $10, respectively

Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of income taxes

2020

2019

2018

$ 

24,269  $ 

24,020  $ 

16,721 

(3)

85

(39) 

(3)

— 

17 

11 

(3)

9

25

116 

(7) 

4 

37 

(5) 

Total comprehensive income

$ 

24,280  $ 

24,136  $ 

16,716 

See notes to consolidated financial statements

75

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Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(Dollars in Thousands)

Timberland Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary
Years Ended September 30, 2020, 2019 and 2018

Cash flows from operating activities

2020

2019

2018

Net income 
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:

$ 

24,269  $ 

24,020  $ 

16,721 

Depreciation
Deferred income taxes
Amortization of CDI
Earned ESOP shares
Accretion of discount on purchased loans
Stock option compensation expense
Gain on sales of investment securities
Net recoveries on investment securities
Change in fair value of investments in equity securities
Gain on sales of OREO and other repossessed assets, net
(Accretion) amortization of discounts and premiums on securities
Provision for OREO losses
Gain on sales of loans, net
(Gain) loss on sales/dispositions of premises and equipment, net
Provision for  loan losses
Loans originated for sale
Proceeds from sales of loans
Amortization of servicing rights
Valuation adjustment on servicing rights, net
BOLI net earnings
BOLI death benefit in excess of cash surrender value
Increase in deferred loan origination fees

Net change in accrued interest receivable and other assets, and other liabilities 

and accrued expenses

Net cash provided by operating activities

Cash flows from investing activities

Net  decrease (increase)  in CDs held for investment

  Purchase of investment securities held to maturity
  Purchase of investment securities available for sale
  Proceeds from maturities and prepayments of investment securities 

held to maturity

  Proceeds from maturities and prepayments of investment securities 

available for sale

  Proceeds from sale of investment securities held to maturity
  Proceeds from sales of investment securities available for sale

Purchase of FHLB stock
Increase in loans receivable, net
Additions to premises and equipment
Proceeds from sales of OREO and other repossessed assets
Proceeds from sales/dispositions of premises and equipment
Proceeds from death benefit on BOLI

  Cash acquired, net of cash consideration paid in business combination

Escrow deposit for business combination
Net cash used in investing activities

1,572 
76 
406 
31 
(597)   
182 
— 
(120)   
(19)   
(35)   
(183)   
173 
(5,979)   
(98)   

3,700 
(153,446)   
160,987 
838 
221 
(591)   
— 
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1,604 
703 
452 
441 
(645)   
159 
(47)   
(59)   
(41)   
(89)   
167 
24 
(1,754)   

7 
— 

(70,132)   
67,600 
646 
8 
(613)   
(1,028)   
161 

1,290 
797 
— 
882 
— 
172 
— 
(68) 
— 
(229) 
(17) 
248 
(1,893) 
(102) 
— 
(62,424) 
66,131 
491 
— 
(547) 
— 
171 

(1,168)   
33,856 

(3,476)   
18,108 

(173) 
21,450 

12,801 
(10,255)   
(41,212)   

(12,083)   
(13,166)   
(20,909)   

(20,256) 
(6,073) 
— 

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11,784 

554 

5,802 
— 
— 
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(133,953)   
(1,986)   
495 
307 
— 
— 
— 

(154,668)   

1,412 
2,937 
2,332 

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(39,536)   
(2,151)   
613 
— 
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14,284 
6,900 
(44,547)   

41 
— 
— 
(83) 
(35,522) 
(2,186) 
1,693 
463 
— 
— 
(6,900) 
(68,269) 

See notes to consolidated financial statements

78

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (continued)

(Dollars in Thousands)

Timberland Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary
Years Ended September 30, 2020, 2019 and 2018

Cash flows from financing activities

Net increase in deposits
Proceeds from FHLB borrowings
Proceeds from exercise of stock options
Repurchase of common stock
Payment of dividends

Net cash provided by financing activities

2020

2019

2018

$  290,179  $ 
10,000 
391 
(1,238)   
(7,083)   

292,249 

27,183  $ 
— 
401 
(499)   
(6,495)   
20,590 

51,608 
— 
318 
— 
(4,431) 
47,495 

Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents

171,437 

(5,849)   

676 

Cash and cash equivalents
Beginning of year
End of year

143,015 

148,188 
$  314,452  $  143,015  $  148,864 

148,864 

Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information

Income taxes paid
Interest paid

Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing activities

Loans transferred to OREO and other repossessed assets
Other comprehensive income (loss) related to investment securities
Operating lease liabilities arising from recording of ROU assets

$ 

$ 

5,522  $ 
4,760 

6,593  $ 
4,457 

4,462 
2,714 

—  $ 
11 
2,889 

293  $ 
116 
— 

324 
(5) 
— 

See notes to consolidated financial statements

79

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Timberland Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary
September 30, 2020 and 2019

Note 1 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Timberland Bancorp, Inc. (“Timberland 
Bancorp”); its wholly owned subsidiary, Timberland Bank (the “Bank”); and the Bank’s wholly owned subsidiary, Timberland 
Service Corp. (collectively, the "Company”).  All significant intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in 
consolidation.

On October 1, 2018, the Company completed the acquisition of South Sound Bank, a Washington-state chartered bank, 
headquartered in Olympia, Washington ("South Sound Acquisition").  The Company acquired 100% of the outstanding 
common stock of South Sound Bank, and South Sound Bank was merged into the Bank.  The results of operations of the 
acquired assets and assumed liabilities have been included in the Company's consolidated financial statements as of and for the 
period since the acquisition date.  See Note 2 for additional information on the South Sound Acquisition.

Nature of Operations

Timberland Bancorp is a bank holding company which operates primarily through its subsidiary, the Bank.  The Bank was 
established in 1915 and, through its 24 branches located in Grays Harbor, Pierce, Thurston, Kitsap, King and Lewis counties in 
Washington State, attracts deposits from the general public, and uses those funds, along with other borrowings, primarily to 
provide residential real estate, construction, commercial real estate, commercial business and consumer loans to borrowers 
primarily in western Washington.

Consolidated Financial Statement Presentation

The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the 
United States of America ("U.S.") (“GAAP”) and prevailing practices within the banking industry.  The preparation of 
consolidated financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of 
assets and liabilities, and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities, as of the date of the consolidated balance sheets, and 
the reported amounts of income and expenses during the reporting period.  Actual results could differ from those estimates. 
Material estimates that are particularly susceptible to significant change in the near term relate to the determination of the 
allowance for loan losses, the determination of any OTTI in the fair value of investment securities, the valuation of servicing 
rights, the valuation of OREO, the valuation of assets acquired and liabilities assumed in acquisitions and the valuation of 
goodwill for potential impairment.

Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to the 2020 fiscal year presentation with no change to previously 
reported net income or shareholders’ equity.

Segment Reporting

The Company has one reportable operating segment which is defined as community banking in western Washington under the 
operating name “Timberland Bank.”

Cash and Cash Equivalents and Cash Flows

The Company considers amounts included in the consolidated balance sheets’ captions “Cash and due from financial 
institutions” and “Interest-bearing deposits in banks,” all of which mature within ninety days, to be cash equivalents for 
purposes of reporting cash flows. 

Interest-bearing deposits in banks as of September 30, 2020 and 2019 included deposits with the Federal Reserve Bank of San 
Francisco ("FRB") of $266,171,000 and $102,189,000, respectively.  The Company also maintains balances in correspondent 
bank accounts which, at times, may exceed the FDIC insurance limit of $250,000 per correspondent bank.  Management 
believes that its risk of loss associated with such balances is minimal due to the financial strength of the FRB and the 
correspondent banks.

80

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Timberland Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary
September 30, 2020 and 2019

CDs Held for Investment

CDs held for investment include amounts invested with other FDIC-insured financial institutions for a stated interest rate and 
with a fixed maturity date.  Such CDs generally have maturities of 12 to 60 months from the date of purchase by the Company.  
Early withdrawal penalties may apply; however, the Company intends to hold these CDs to maturity.  The Company generally 
limits its purchases of CDs to a maximum of $250,000 (the FDIC insurance coverage limit) with any single financial institution.

Investment Securities 

Investments in debt securities are classified upon acquisition as held to maturity or available for sale.  Investments in debt 
securities that the Company has the positive intent and ability to hold to maturity are classified as held to maturity and reported 
at amortized cost.  Investments in debt securities classified as available for sale are reported at fair value, with unrealized gains 
and losses excluded from earnings and reported in other comprehensive income (loss), net of income tax effects.  Premiums and 
discounts are amortized to interest income using the interest method over the contractual lives of the securities.  Gains and 
losses on sales of investment securities are recognized on the trade date and determined using the specific identification method.

In estimating whether there are any OTTI losses, management considers (1) the length of time and the extent to which the fair 
value has been less than amortized cost, (2) the financial condition and near term prospects of the issuer, (3) the impact of 
changes in market interest rates and (4) the intent and ability of the Company to retain its investment for a period of time 
sufficient to allow for any anticipated recovery in fair value.

Declines in the fair value of individual debt securities available for sale that are deemed to be other than temporary are 
recognized in earnings when identified.  The fair value of the debt security then becomes the new cost basis.  For individual 
debt securities that are held to maturity which the Company does not intend to sell, and it is not more likely than not that the 
Company will be required to sell before recovery of its amortized cost basis, the other than temporary decline in the fair value 
of the debt security related to: (1) credit loss is recognized in earnings and (2) market or other factors is recognized in other 
comprehensive income (loss).  Credit loss is recorded if the present value of expected future cash flows is less than the 
amortized cost.  For individual debt securities which the Company intends to sell or more likely than not will not recover all of 
its amortized cost, the OTTI is recognized in earnings equal to the entire difference between the debt security’s cost basis and 
its fair value at the consolidated balance sheet date.  For individual debt securities for which credit loss has been recognized in 
earnings, interest accruals and amortization and accretion of premiums and discounts are suspended when the credit loss is 
recognized.  Interest received after accruals have been suspended is recognized on a cash basis.

Investments in Equity Securities

Investments in equity securities are stated at fair value.  Prior to October 1, 2018, changes in the fair value of investments in 
equity securities were excluded from earnings and reported in other comprehensive income (loss), net of income tax effects.  
On October 1, 2018, the Company adopted ASU 2016-01 and reclassified its mutual funds as investments in equity securities.  
Beginning October 1, 2018, changes in the fair value of investments in equity securities are recorded in other non-interest 
income.

FHLB Stock

The Bank, as a member of the FHLB, is required to maintain an investment in capital stock of the FHLB in an amount equal to 
0.12% of the Bank's total assets plus 4.00% of any borrowings from the FHLB.  No ready market exists for this stock, and it has 
no quoted market value. However, redemption of FHLB stock has historically been at par value.  The Company's investment in 
FHLB stock is carried at cost, which approximates fair value.

The Company evaluates its FHLB stock for impairment as needed.  The Company's determination of whether this investment is 
impaired is based on its assessment of the ultimate recoverability of cost rather than by recognizing temporary declines in value.  
The determination of whether a decline affects the ultimate recoverability of cost is influenced by criteria such as (1) the 
significance of any decline in net assets of the FHLB as compared with the capital stock amount and the length of time any 
decline has persisted; (2) commitments by the FHLB to make payments required by law or regulation and the level of such 
payments in relation to the operating performance of the FHLB; (3) the impact of legislative and regulatory changes on 
institutions and, accordingly, the customer base of the FHLB; and (4) the liquidity position of the FHLB.  Based on its 
evaluation, the Company determined that there was no impairment of FHLB stock at September 30, 2020 and 2019.

81

 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Timberland Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary
September 30, 2020 and 2019

Other Investments

The Bank invests in the Solomon Hess SBA Loan Fund LLC - a private investment fund - to help satisfy compliance with the 
Bank's Community Reinvestment Act ("CRA") investment test requirements.  Shares in this fund are not publicly traded and 
therefore have no readily determinable fair value. The Bank's investment in the fund is recorded at cost.  An investor can have 
its investment in the fund redeemed for the balance of its capital account at any quarter end with a 60 day notice to the fund. 

Loans Held for Sale

Mortgage loans and commercial business loans originated and intended for sale in the secondary market are stated in the 
aggregate at the lower of cost or estimated fair value.  Net unrealized losses, if any, are recognized through a valuation 
allowance by charges to income.  Gains or losses on sales of loans are recognized at the time of sale.  The gain or loss is the 
difference between the net sales proceeds and the recorded value of the loans, including any remaining unamortized deferred 
loan origination fees.

Loans Receivable

Loans are stated at the amount of unpaid principal, reduced by the undisbursed portion of construction loans in process, net 
deferred loan origination fees and the allowance for loan losses.

Interest on loans is accrued daily based on the principal amount outstanding.  Generally, the accrual of interest on loans is 
discontinued when, in management’s opinion, the borrower may be unable to make payments as they become due or when they 
are past due 90 days as to either principal or interest (based on contractual terms), unless the loan is well secured and in the 
process of collection.  In determining whether a borrower may be able to make payments as they become due, management 
considers circumstances such as the financial strength of the borrower, the estimated collateral value, reasons for the delays in 
payments, payment record, the amounts past due and the number of days past due.  All interest accrued but not collected for 
loans that are placed on non-accrual status or charged off is reversed against interest income.  Subsequent collections on a cash 
basis are applied proportionately to past due principal and interest, unless collectability of principal is in doubt, in which case 
all payments are applied to principal.  Loans are returned to accrual status when the loan is deemed current, and the 
collectability of principal and interest is no longer doubtful, or, in the case of one- to four-family loans, when the loan is less 
than 90 days delinquent. The categories of non-accrual loans and impaired loans overlap, although they are not identical.  

The Company charges fees for originating loans.  These fees, net of certain loan origination costs, are deferred and amortized to 
income on the level-yield basis over the loan term.  If the loan is repaid prior to maturity, the remaining unamortized deferred 
loan origination fee is recognized in income at the time of repayment.

Acquired Loans

Purchased loans, including loans acquired in business combinations, are recorded at their estimated fair value at the acquisition 
date. Credit discounts are included in the determination of fair value; therefore, an allowance for loan losses is not recorded at 
the acquisition date. Acquired loans are evaluated upon acquisition and classified as either purchased credit-impaired ("PCI") or 
purchased non-credit-impaired. PCI loans reflect credit deterioration since origination such that it is probable at acquisition that 
the Company will be unable to collect all contractually required payments. The excess of the cash flows expected to be 
collected over a PCI loan's carrying value is considered to be the accretable yield and is recognized as interest income over the 
estimated life of the PCI loan using the effective yield method. The excess of the undiscounted contractual balances due over 
the cash flows expected to be collected is considered to be the nonaccretable difference. The nonaccretable difference 
represents the Company's estimate of the credit losses expected to occur and would be considered in determining the estimated 
fair value of the loans as of the acquisition date.  Subsequent to the acquisition date, any increases in expected cash flows over 
those expected at the purchase date in excess of fair value are adjusted through a change to the accretable yield on a prospective 
basis.  Any subsequent decreases in expected cash flows attributable to credit deterioration are recognized by recording an 
allowance for loan losses. PCI loans were insignificant as of September 30, 2020 and 2019.

For purchased non-credit-impaired loans, the difference between the fair value and unpaid principal balance of the loan at the 
acquisition date is amortized or accreted to interest income over the life of the loans.  Any subsequent deterioration in credit 
quality is recognized by recording an allowance for loan losses.

82

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Timberland Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary
September 30, 2020 and 2019

Troubled Debt Restructured Loans

A troubled debt restructured loan ("TDR") is a loan for which the Company, for reasons related to a borrower’s financial 
difficulties, grants a concession to the borrower that the Company would not otherwise consider.  Examples of such concessions 
include, but are not limited to: a reduction in the stated interest rate; an extension of the maturity at an interest rate below 
current market rates; a reduction in the face amount of the debt; a reduction in the accrued interest; or re-amortizations, 
extensions, deferrals and renewals. TDRs are considered impaired and are individually evaluated for impairment.  TDRs are 
classified as non-accrual (and considered to be non-performing) unless they have been performing in accordance with modified 
terms for a period of at least six months.  In March 2020, the Company announced loan modification programs to support and 
provide relief for its borrowers during the novel coronavirus of 2019 ("COVID-19") pandemic.  The Company has followed the 
loan modification criteria within the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act of 2020 ("CARES Act"), which was 
signed into law on March 27, 2020 and interagency guidance from the federal banking agencies when determining if a 
borrower's modification is subject to a TDR classification.  If it is determined that the modification does not meet the criteria 
under the CARES Act or interagency guidance to be excluded from TDR classification, the Company evaluates the loan 
modifications under its existing TDR framework.  Loans subject to forbearance under the COVID-19 loan modification 
program are not reported as past due or placed on non-accrual status during the forbearance time period, and interest income 
continues to be recognized over the contractual life of the loans.

Allowance for Loan Losses

The allowance for loan losses is maintained at a level sufficient to provide for probable losses inherent in the loan 
portfolio.  The allowance is provided based upon management's comprehensive analysis of the pertinent factors underlying the 
quality of the loan portfolio.  These factors include changes in the amount and composition of the loan portfolio, delinquency 
levels, actual loan loss experience, current economic conditions, and a detailed analysis of individual loans for which full 
collectability may not be assured.  The detailed analysis includes methods to estimate the fair value of loan collateral and the 
existence of potential alternative sources of repayment.  The allowance consists of specific and general components.  The 
specific component relates to loans that are deemed impaired.  For loans that are classified as impaired, an allowance is 
established when the discounted cash flows, collateral value less selling costs (if applicable), or observable market price of the 
impaired loan is lower than the recorded value of that loan.  The general component covers non-impaired loans and is based on 
historical loss experience adjusted for qualitative factors.  The Company's historical loss experience is determined by evaluating 
the average net charge-offs over the most recent economic cycle, but not to exceed six years.  Qualitative factors are determined 
by loan type and allow management to adjust reserve levels to reflect the current general economic environment and portfolio 
performance trends including recent charge-off trends.  Allowances are provided based on management’s continuing evaluation 
of the pertinent factors underlying the quality of the loan portfolio, including changes in the size and composition of the loan 
portfolio, actual loan loss experience, current economic conditions, collateral values, geographic concentrations, seasoning of 
the loan portfolio, specific industry conditions, the duration of the current business cycle, and regulatory requirements and 
expectations.  When determining the appropriate historical loss and qualitative factors, management took into consideration the 
impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on such factors as the national and state unemployment rates and related trends, the amount 
of and timing of financial assistance provided by the government, consumer spending levels and trends, industries significantly 
impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic, and the Company's COVID-19 loan modification program.  The appropriateness of the 
allowance for loan losses is estimated based upon these factors and trends identified by management at the time the 
consolidated financial statements are prepared.

A loan is considered impaired when it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect all amounts (principal and interest) 
when due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Smaller balance homogeneous loans, such as residential 
mortgage loans and consumer loans, may be collectively evaluated for impairment. When a loan has been identified as being 
impaired, the amount of the impairment is measured by using discounted cash flows, except when, as an alternative, the current 
estimated fair value of the collateral (reduced by estimated costs to sell, if applicable) or observable market price is used. The 
valuation of real estate collateral is subjective in nature and may be adjusted in future periods because of changes in economic 
conditions.  Management considers third-party appraisals, as well as independent fair market value assessments from realtors or 
persons involved in selling real estate, in determining the estimated fair value of particular properties.  In addition, as certain of 

these third-party appraisals and independent fair market value assessments are only updated periodically, changes in the values 
of specific properties may have occurred subsequent to the most recent appraisals.  Accordingly, the amounts of any such 
potential changes and any related adjustments are generally recorded at the time such information is received. When the 
estimated net realizable value of the impaired loan is less than the recorded investment in the loan (including accrued interest 

83

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Timberland Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary
September 30, 2020 and 2019

and net deferred loan origination fees or costs), impairment is recognized by creating or adjusting an allocation of the allowance 
for loan losses and uncollected accrued interest is reversed against interest income. If ultimate collection of principal is in 
doubt, all cash receipts on impaired loans are applied to reduce the principal balance.

A provision for (recapture of) loan losses is charged (credited) to operations and is added to (deducted from) the allowance for 
loan losses based on a quarterly comprehensive analysis of the loan portfolio. The allowance for loan losses is allocated to 
certain loan categories based on the relative risk characteristics, asset classifications and actual loss experience of the loan 
portfolio.  While management has allocated the allowance for loan losses to various loan portfolio segments, the allowance is 
general in nature and is available for the loan portfolio in its entirety.

The ultimate recovery of all loans is susceptible to future market factors beyond the Company’s control. These factors may 
result in losses or recoveries differing significantly from those provided in the consolidated financial statements. If real estate 
values decline and as updated appraisals are received on collateral for impaired loans, the Company may need to increase the 
allowance for loan losses appropriately. In addition, regulatory agencies, as an integral part of their examination process, 
periodically review the Company’s allowance for loan losses, and may require the Company to make additions to the allowance 
based on their judgment about information available to them at the time of their examinations.

Premises and Equipment

Premises and equipment are recorded at cost.  Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the following 
estimated useful lives:  buildings and improvements - five to 40 years and furniture and equipment - three to seven years. The 
cost of maintenance and repairs is charged to expense as incurred.  Gains and losses on dispositions are reflected in earnings.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

Long-lived assets, consisting of premises and equipment, are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in 
circumstances indicate that the recorded amount of an asset may not be recoverable.  Recoverability of assets to be held and 
used is measured by a comparison of the recorded amount of an asset to undiscounted future net cash flows expected to be 
generated by the asset.  If such assets are considered to be impaired, the impairment to be recognized is measured by the 
amount by which the recorded amount of the assets exceeds the discounted recovery amount or estimated fair value of the 
assets.  No events or changes in circumstances have occurred during the years ended September 30, 2020 or 2019 that would 
cause management to evaluate the recoverability of the Company’s long-lived assets.

OREO and Other Repossessed Assets

OREO and other repossessed assets consist of properties or assets acquired through or in lieu of foreclosure, and are recorded 
initially at the estimated fair value of the properties less estimated costs of disposal, establishing a new cost basis.  These assets 
are subsequently accounted for at lower of cost or fair value less estimated costs to sell. When the property is acquired, any 
excess of the loan balance over the estimated net realizable value is charged to the allowance for loan losses. The valuation of 
real estate is subjective in nature and may be adjusted in future periods because of changes in economic conditions. 
Management considers third-party appraisals, as well as independent fair market value assessments from realtors or persons 
involved in selling real estate, in determining the estimated fair values of particular properties.  In addition, as certain of these 
third-party appraisals and independent fair market value assessments are only updated periodically, changes in the values of 
specific properties may have occurred subsequent to the most recent appraisals.  Accordingly, the amounts of any such potential 
changes and any related adjustments are generally recorded at the time such information is received.  Costs relating to 
development and improvement of the properties or assets are capitalized, while costs relating to holding the properties or assets 
are expensed.

BOLI

BOLI policies are recorded at their cash surrender value less applicable cash surrender charges.  Income from BOLI is 
recognized when earned.

84

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Timberland Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary
September 30, 2020 and 2019

Goodwill 

Goodwill is initially recorded when the purchase price paid in a business combination exceeds the estimated fair value of the 
net identified tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed.  Goodwill is presumed to have an indefinite useful 
life and is analyzed annually for impairment.  The Company performs an annual review during the third quarter of each fiscal 
year, or more frequently if indicators of potential impairment exist, to determine if the recorded goodwill is impaired.  For 
purposes of goodwill impairment testing, the services offered through the Bank and its subsidiary are managed as one strategic 
unit and represent the Company's only reporting unit.

The annual goodwill impairment test begins with a qualitative assessment of whether it is "more likely than not" that the 
reporting unit's fair value is less than its carrying amount.  If an entity concludes that it is not "more likely than not" that the 
fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, it need not perform a two-step impairment test.   If the Company's 
qualitative assessment concluded that it is "more likely than not" that the fair value of its reporting unit is less than its carrying 
amount, it must perform the two-step impairment test to identify potential goodwill impairment and measure the amount of 
goodwill impairment loss to be recognized, if any.  The first step of the goodwill impairment test compares the estimated fair 
value of the reporting unit with its carrying amount, or the book value, including goodwill.  If the estimated fair value of the 
reporting unit equals or exceeds its book value, goodwill is considered not impaired, and the second step of the impairment test 
is unnecessary.

The second step, if necessary, measures the amount of goodwill impairment loss to be recognized.  The reporting unit must 
determine fair value for all assets and liabilities, excluding goodwill.  The net of the assigned fair value of assets and liabilities 
is then compared to the book value of the reporting unit, and any excess book value becomes the implied fair value of 
goodwill.  If the carrying amount of the goodwill exceeds the newly calculated implied fair value of goodwill, an impairment 
loss is recognized in the amount required to write-down the goodwill to the implied fair value.

Management's qualitative assessment takes into consideration macroeconomic conditions, industry and market considerations, 
cost or margin factors, financial performance and the share price of the Company's common stock.  The Company performed 
its fiscal year 2020 goodwill impairment test during the quarter ended June 30, 2020 with the assistance of an independent 
third-party firm specializing in goodwill impairment valuations for financial institutions.  The third-party analysis was 
conducted as of May 31, 2020 and the step one test concluded that the reporting unit's fair value was more than its recorded 
value and, therefore, step two of the analysis was not necessary.  Accordingly, the recorded value of goodwill as of May 31, 
2020 was not impaired.

A significant amount of judgment is involved in determining if an indicator of goodwill impairment has occurred.  Such 
indicators may include, among others: a significant decline in expected future cash flows; a sustained, significant decline in the 
Company's stock price and market capitalization; a significant adverse change in legal factors or in the business climate; 
adverse assessment or action by a regulator; and unanticipated competition.  Any change in these indicators could have a 
significant negative impact on the Company's financial condition, impact the goodwill impairment analysis or cause the 
Company to perform a goodwill impairment analysis more frequently than once per year.

As of September 30, 2020, management believes that there were no events or changes in the circumstances since May 31, 2020 
that would indicate a potential impairment of goodwill.  No assurances can be given, however, that the Company will not 
record an impairment loss on goodwill in the future. If adverse economic conditions or the recent decrease in the Company's 
stock price and market capitalization as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic were deemed to be other than temporary, it may 
significantly affect the fair value of the Company's goodwill and may trigger impairment charges.  Any impairment charge 
could have a material adverse effect on the Company's results of operation and financial condition.

CDI

CDI represents the future economic benefit of the potential cost savings from acquiring core deposits as part of a business 
combination compared to the cost of alternative funding sources.  CDI is amortized to non-interest expense using an accelerated 
method based on an estimated runoff of related deposits over a period of ten years.  CDI is evaluated for impairment whenever 
events or changes in circumstances indicate that its carrying amount may not be recoverable, with any changes in estimated 
useful life accounted for prospectively over the revised remaining life.

85

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Timberland Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary
September 30, 2020 and 2019

Servicing Rights

The Company holds rights to service (1) loans that it has originated and sold to the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation 
(“Freddie Mac”) and (2) the guaranteed portion of U.S. Small Business Administration ("SBA") loans sold in the secondary 
market.  Servicing rights are capitalized at estimated fair value when acquired through the origination of loans that are 
subsequently sold with the servicing rights retained. Servicing rights are amortized to servicing income on loans sold 
approximately in proportion to and over the period of estimated net servicing income.  The value of servicing rights at the date 
of the sale of loans is estimated based on the discounted present value of expected future cash flows using key assumptions for 
servicing income and costs and expected prepayment rates on the underlying loans.  The estimated fair value is periodically 
evaluated for impairment by comparing actual cash flows and estimated future cash flows from the servicing assets to those 
estimated at the time the servicing assets were originated.  Fair values are estimated using expected future discounted cash 
flows based on current market rates of interest.  For purposes of measuring impairment, the servicing rights must be stratified 
by one or more predominant risk characteristics of the underlying loans.  The Company stratifies its capitalized servicing rights 
based on product type and term of the underlying loans.  The amount of impairment recognized is the amount, if any, by which 
the amortized cost of the servicing rights exceeds their fair value.  Impairment, if deemed temporary, is recognized through a 
valuation allowance to the extent that fair value is less than the recorded amount.

Transfers of Financial Assets

Transfers of financial assets are accounted for as sales when control over the assets has been surrendered.  Control over 
transferred assets is deemed to be surrendered when (1) the assets have been isolated from the Company, (2) the transferee 
obtains the right (free of conditions that constrain it from taking advantage of that right) to pledge or exchange the transferred 
assets, and (3) the Company does not maintain effective control over the transferred assets through an agreement to repurchase 
them before their maturity.

Income Taxes

The Company files a consolidated federal and various state income tax returns.  The Bank provides for income taxes separately 
and remits to (receives from) Timberland Bancorp amounts currently due (receivable).

Deferred income taxes result from temporary differences between the tax basis of assets and liabilities, and their reported 
amounts in the consolidated financial statements.  These temporary differences will result in differences between income for tax 
purposes and income for financial reporting purposes in future years.  As changes in tax laws or rates are enacted, deferred tax 
assets and liabilities are adjusted through the provision for income taxes.  Valuation allowances are established to reduce the net 
recorded amount of deferred tax assets if it is determined to be more likely than not that all or some portion of the potential 
deferred tax asset will not be realized.

With respect to accounting for uncertainty in incomes taxes, a tax provision is recognized as a benefit only if it is “more likely 
than not” that the tax position would be sustained in a tax examination, with a tax examination being presumed to occur.  The 
amount recognized is the largest amount of tax benefit that is greater than 50% likely to be realized upon examination.  For tax 
positions not meeting the “more likely than not” test, no tax benefit is recorded.  The Company recognizes interest and/or 
penalties related to income tax matters as income tax expense. The Company is no longer subject to U.S. federal income tax 
examination by tax authorities for years ended on or before September 30, 2016.

ESOP

The Bank sponsors a leveraged ESOP; however, all ESOP debt was fully repaid during the year ended September 30, 2019.  
The debt of the ESOP was payable to Timberland Bancorp, was recorded as other borrowed funds of the Bank, and was 
eliminated in the consolidated financial statements.  The shares of the Company's common stock pledged as collateral for the 
ESOP's debt were reported as unearned shares issued to the ESOP in the consolidated financial statements.  As shares were 
released from collateral, compensation expense was recorded equal to the average market price of the shares for the period, and 
the shares became available for net income per common share calculations.  Dividends paid on unallocated shares reduced the 
Company’s cash contributions to the ESOP.  

86

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Timberland Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary
September 30, 2020 and 2019

Advertising

Costs for advertising and marketing are expensed as incurred.

Stock-Based Compensation

The Company measures compensation cost for all stock-based awards based on the grant-date fair value of the stock-based 
awards and recognizes compensation cost over the service period of stock-based awards.  The fair value of stock options is 
determined using the Black-Scholes valuation model.  Stock option forfeitures are accounted for as they occur. 

Net Income Per Common Share

Basic net income per common share is computed by dividing net income to common shareholders by the weighted average 
number of common shares outstanding during the period, without considering any dilutive items.  Diluted net income per 
common share is computed by dividing net income to common shareholders by the weighted average number of common 
shares and common stock equivalents for items that are dilutive, net of shares assumed to be repurchased using the treasury 
stock method at the average share price for the Company's common stock during the period. Common stock equivalents arise 
from the assumed conversion of outstanding stock options.  Shares owned by the Bank’s ESOP that have not been allocated are 
not considered to be outstanding for the purpose of computing basic and diluted net income per common share.

Related Party Transactions

The Chairman of the Board of the Bank and Timberland Bancorp is a member of the law firm that provides general counsel to 
the Company.  Legal and other fees paid to this law firm for the years ended September 30, 2020, 2019 and 2018 totaled 
$78,000, $69,000 and $94,000, respectively.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with 
Customers, which created FASB Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") Topic 606 ("ASC 606").  The core principle of 
ASC 606 is that an entity recognizes revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that 
reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services.  To achieve that 
core principle, an entity should apply the following steps: (1) identify the contract(s) with a customer, (2) identify the 
performance obligations in the contract, (3) determine the transaction price, (4) allocate the transaction price to the performance 
obligations in the contract and (5) recognize revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies a performance obligation.  ASC 606 was 
effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those fiscal years.  The Company 
adopted ASC 606 on October 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective approach.  Therefore, the comparative information has 
not been adjusted and continues to be reported under the superseded ASC 605.  There was no cumulative effect adjustment as 
of October 1, 2018, and there were no material changes to the timing or amount of revenue recognized for the year ended 
September 30, 2019; however, additional disclosures were incorporated in the footnotes upon adoption.  The majority of the 
Company's revenue is comprised of interest income from financial assets, which is explicitly excluded from the scope of ASC 
606.  The Company elected to apply the practical expedient pursuant to ASC 606 and therefore does not disclose information 
about remaining performance obligations that have an original expected term of one year or less and allows the Company to 
expense costs related to obtaining a contract as incurred when the amortization period would have been one year or less.  See 
Note 24 for additional information.

In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-01, Financial Instruments - Overall (Subtopic 825-10): Recognition and 
Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities.  ASU 2016-01 generally requires equity investments - except those 
accounted for under the equity method of accounting or those that result in consolidation of the investee - to be measured at fair 
value with changes in fair value recognized in net income.  However, an entity may choose to measure equity investments that 
do not have readily determinable fair values at cost minus impairment, if any, plus or minus changes resulting from observable 
price changes in orderly transactions for the identical or a similar investment of the same issuer.  ASU 2016-01 is intended to 
simplify the impairment assessment of equity investments without readily determinable fair values by requiring a qualitative 
assessment to identify impairment.  ASU 2016-01 also eliminates certain disclosures related to the fair value of financial 
instruments and requires entities to use the exit price notion when measuring the fair value of financial instruments for 
disclosure purposes.  ASU 2016-01 was effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods 

87

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Timberland Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary
September 30, 2020 and 2019

within those fiscal years.  The Company adopted ASU 2016-01 on October 1, 2018.  As required by ASU 2016-01, on October 
1, 2018 the Company recorded a one-time cumulative effect adjustment of $63,000 representing net unrealized losses on equity 
securities (mutual funds) between accumulated other comprehensive loss and retained earnings on the accompanying 
consolidated balance sheet.  Additionally, the fair values of financial instruments for disclosure purposes were computed using 
an exit price notion and deposits with no stated maturity are no longer included in the fair value disclosures in Note 22.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), which created FASB ASC Topic 842 ("ASC 842") and 
is intended to increase transparency and comparability among organizations by requiring the recognition of lease assets and 
lease liabilities on the balance sheet and disclosure of key information about leasing arrangements.  The principal change 
required by ASC 842 relates to lessee accounting, and is that for operating leases, a lessee is required to (1) recognize a right-
of-use asset and a lease liability, initially measured at the present value of the lease payments, in the statement of financial 
position, (2) recognize a single lease cost, calculated so that the cost of the lease is allocated over the lease term generally on a 
straight-line basis, and (3) classify all cash payments within operating activities in the statement of cash flows.  For leases with 
a term of 12 months or less, a lessee is permitted to make an accounting policy election by class of underlying asset not to 
recognize lease assets and lease liabilities.  If a lessee makes this election, it should recognize lease expense for such leases 
generally on a straight-line basis over the lease term.  ASC 842 also changes disclosure requirements related to leasing activities 
and requires certain qualitative disclosures along with specific quantitative disclosures.  ASC 842 also provides an optional 
transition method for adoption, under which an entity initially applies ASC 842 at the adoption date and recognizes a 
cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings in the period of adoption. Consequently, an entity's 
reporting for the comparative periods presented in the financial statements in which it adopts ASC 842 will continue to be in 
accordance with current GAAP. ASC 842 is effective for annual periods, and interim periods within those annual periods, 
beginning after December 15, 2018.  Early application of ASC 842 is permitted.  The Company adopted the provisions of ASC 
842 effective October 1, 2019 utilizing the optional transition method and will not restate comparative periods. The Company 
also elected the package of practical expedients permitted under ASC 842's transition guidance, which allows the Company to 
carryforward its historical lease classifications and its assessment as to whether a contract is or contains a lease.  The Company 
also elected to not recognize lease assets and lease liabilities for leases with an initial term of 12 months or less.  As a result of 
adopting ASC 842, ROU assets and operating lease liabilities increased by $2.89 million on October 1, 2019.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses, as amended by ASU 2018-19, ASU 
2019-04 and ASU 2019-05.  This ASU replaces the existing incurred losses methodology with a current expected losses 
methodology with respect to most financial assets measured at amortized cost and certain other instruments, including trade and 
other receivables, loans, held to maturity investment securities and off-balance sheet commitments.  In addition, this ASU 
requires credit losses relating to available for sale debt securities to be recorded through an allowance for credit losses rather 
than as a reduction of the carrying amount.  ASU 2016-13 also changes the accounting for purchased credit-impaired debt 
securities and loans.  ASU 2016-13 retains many of the current disclosure requirements in GAAP and expands certain 
disclosure requirements.  ASU 2016-13 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, including interim 
periods within those fiscal years.  Upon adoption, the Company expects a change in the processes and procedures to calculate 
the allowance for loan losses, including changes in the assumptions and estimates to consider expected credit losses over the 
life of the loan versus the current accounting practice that utilizes the incurred loss model.  In addition, the current policy for 
other-than-temporary impairment on investment securities available for sale will be replaced with an allowance approach.  The 
Company is reviewing the requirements of ASU 2016-13 and has begun developing and implementing processes and 
procedures to ensure it is fully compliant with the amendments at the adoption date.  At this time, the Company anticipates the 
allowance for loan losses will increase as a result of the implementation of this ASU; however, until its evaluation is complete, 
the magnitude of the increase will be unknown.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other: Simplifying the Test for Goodwill 
Impairment.  This ASU simplifies the subsequent measurement of goodwill and eliminates Step 2 from the goodwill 
impairment test. In computing the implied fair value of goodwill under Step 2, an entity had to perform procedures to determine 
the fair value of its assets and liabilities (including unrecognized assets and liabilities) at the impairment testing date following 
the procedure that would be required in determining the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a business 
combination.  Under ASU 2017-04, an entity should perform its annual, or interim, goodwill impairment test by comparing the 
fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount.  An entity should recognize an impairment charge for the amount by 
which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit's fair value; however, the loss recognized should not exceed the total 
amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit.  Additionally, an entity should consider income tax effects from any tax 
deductible goodwill on the carrying amount of the reporting unit when measuring the goodwill impairment loss, if applicable. 
ASU 2017-04 is effective for annual or interim goodwill impairment tests in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022. 

88

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Timberland Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary
September 30, 2020 and 2019

The adoption ASU 2017-04 is not expected to a have a material impact on the Company's future consolidated financial 
statements.

In March 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-08, Receivables - Nonrefundable Fees and Other Costs (Subtopic 310-20): 
Premium Amortization on Purchased Callable Debt Securities. This ASU shortens the amortization period for certain callable 
debt securities held at a premium to the earliest call date.  This ASU was effective for fiscal years, including interim periods 
within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2018.  The Company adopted ASU 2017-08 effective October 1, 2019 
and it did not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements. 

In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-09, Compensation-Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Scope of Modification 
Accounting. This ASU was issued to provide clarity as to when to apply modification accounting when there is a change in the 
terms or conditions of a share-based payment award. According to the ASU, an entity should account for the effects of a 
modification unless the fair value, vesting conditions, and balance sheet classification of the award are the same after the 
modification as compared to the original award prior to modification. ASU 2017-09 was effective for fiscal years, including 
interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2017, with early adoption permitted.  The Company 
adopted ASU 2017-09 effective October 1, 2018 and it did not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial 
statements.

In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-07, Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to 
Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting.  This ASU was issued to expand the scope of Topic 718 to include share-
based payment transactions for acquiring goods and services from nonemployees.  Previously, these awards were recorded at 
the fair value of consideration received or the fair value of the equity instruments issued and were measured at the earlier of the 
commitment date or the date performance was completed.  The amendments in this ASU require nonemployee share-based 
payment awards to be measured at the grant-date fair value of the equity instrument.  ASU 2018-07 was effective for fiscal 
years, including interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2018.  The Company adopted ASU 
2018-07 effective October 1, 2019 and it did not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.  

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework - Changes to 
the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement.  This ASU modifies the disclosure requirements for fair value 
measurements.  The following disclosure requirements were removed from ASC Topic 820, Fair Value Measurement: (1) the 
amount of and reasons for transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy; (2) the policy for timing of 
transfers between levels; and (3) the valuation process for Level 3 fair value measurements.  This ASU clarifies that the 
measurement uncertainty disclosure is to communicate information about the uncertainty in measurement as of the reporting 
date.  This ASU adds the following disclosure requirements for Level 3 measurements: (1) changes in unrealized gains and 
losses for the period included in other comprehensive income for the recurring Level 3 fair value measurements held at the end 
of the reporting period, and (2) the range and weighted average of significant unobservable inputs used to develop Level 3 fair 
value measurements.  ASU 2018-13 was effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods 
within those fiscal years.  The Company adopted ASU 2018-13 effective October 1, 2020 and it is not expected to have a 
material impact on the Company's future consolidated financial statements.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-15, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other -  Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40), 
Customer's Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That Is a Service Contract.  The 
amendments in this ASU broaden the scope of ASC Subtopic 350-40 to include costs incurred to implement a hosting 
arrangement that is a service contract.  The amendments align the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred 

in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract with the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred to 
develop or obtain internal-use software (and hosting arrangements that include an internal-use software license).  The costs are 
capitalized or expensed depending on the nature of the costs and the project stage during which they are incurred, consistent 
with the accounting for internal-use software costs.  The amendments in this ASU result in consistent capitalization of 
implementation costs of a hosting arrangement that is a service contract and implementation costs incurred to develop or obtain 
internal-use software (and hosting arrangements that include an internal-use software license).  The accounting for the service 
element of a hosting arrangement that is a service contract is not affected by the amendments in this ASU.  ASU 2018-15 was 
effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years.  The Company 
adopted ASU 2018-15 effective October 1, 2020 and it is not expected to have a material impact on the Company's future 
consolidated financial statements.

89

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Timberland Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary
September 30, 2020 and 2019

In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 740), Simplifying the accounting for Income Taxes. 
The amendments in this ASU simplify the accounting for income taxes by removing certain exceptions to the general principles 
in Topic 740.  The amendments also improve consistent application of and simplify GAAP for other areas of Topic 740 by 
clarifying and amending existing guidelines.  ASU 2019-12 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2021, 
including interim periods within fiscal years.  The adoption of ASU 2019-12 is not expected to have a material impact on the 
Company's future consolidated financial statements.

In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848):  Facilitation of the Effects of 
Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting.   This ASU applies to contracts, hedging relationships and other transactions 
that reference the London Interbank Offered Rate ("LIBOR") or other rate references expected to be discontinued because of 
reference rate reform.  The ASU permits an entity to make necessary modifications to eligible contracts or transactions without 
requiring contract remeasurement or reassessment of a previous accounting determination.  This ASU is effective for all entities 
as of March 12, 2020 through December 31, 2022.  The Company has not adopted ASU 2020-04 as of September 30, 2020.  
The adoption of ASU 2020-04 is not expected to have a material impact on the Company's future consolidated financial 
statements.

On March 22, 2020, federal banking regulators issued an interagency statement that included guidance on their approach for the 
accounting of loan modifications in light of the economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.  The guidance interprets current 
accounting standards and indicates that a lender can conclude that a borrower is not experiencing financial difficulty if short-
term modifications are made in response to COVID-19, such as payment deferrals, fee waivers, extensions of repayment terms, 
or other delays in payment that are insignificant related to the loans in which the borrower is less than 30 days past due on its 
contractual payments at the time a modification is implemented.  The agencies confirmed in working with the staff of the FASB 
that short-term modification made on a good faith basis in response to COVID-19 to borrowers who were current prior to any 
relief are not troubled debt restructurings.

Note 2 - Business Combination

On October 1, 2018, the Company completed the South Sound Acquisition.  The primary reason for the acquisition was to 
expand the Company's presence along Washington State's economically important I-5 corridor.

Pursuant to the terms of the merger agreement, South Sound Bank shareholders received 0.746 of a share of the Company's 
common stock and $5.68825 in cash per share of South Sound Bank common stock.  The Company issued 904,826 shares of its 
common stock (valued at $28,267,000 based on the Company's closing stock price on September 30, 2018 of $31.24 per share) 
and paid $6,903,000 in cash in the transaction for total consideration paid of $35,170,000.  

The South Sound Acquisition constitutes a business combination as defined by GAAP, which establishes principles and 
requirements for how the acquirer in a business combination recognizes and measures in its financial statements the identifiable 
assets acquired and liabilities assumed.  The Company was considered the acquirer in this transaction.  Accordingly, the 
estimated fair values of the acquired assets, including the identifiable intangible assets, and the assumed liabilities in the South 
Sound Acquisition were measured and recorded as of October 1, 2018.  The excess of the total consideration paid over the fair 
value of the net assets acquired was allocated to goodwill.  The South Sound Acquisition resulted in $9,481,000 of goodwill.  
The goodwill arising from this transaction consists largely of the synergies and expected economies of scale from combining 
the operations of the Company and South Sound Bank.  This goodwill is not deductible for tax purposes.

In most instances, determining the estimated fair values of the acquired assets and assumed liabilities requires the Company to 
estimate cash flows expected to result from those assets and liabilities and to discount those cash flows at the appropriate rate of 
interest.  Differences may arise between contractually required payments and the expected cash flows at the acquisition date due 
to items such as estimated credit losses, prepayments or early withdrawal, and other factors.  One of the most significant of 
those determinations relates to the valuation of acquired loans.  For such loans, the excess of cash flows expected at acquisition 
over the estimated fair value is recognized as interest income over the remaining lives of the loans.  In accordance with GAAP, 
there was no carry-over of South Sound Bank's previously established allowance for loan losses.  

90

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Timberland Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary
September 30, 2020 and 2019

The following table summarizes the fair value of consideration paid, the estimated fair values of assets acquired and liabilities 
assumed as of the acquisition date, and the resulting goodwill relating to the transaction:

Total acquisition consideration

Recognized amounts of identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed

Identifiable assets acquired:
Cash and cash equivalents
CDs held for investment
FHLB stock
Investment securities held to maturity
Investment securities available for sale
Loans receivable
Premises and equipment
OREO
Accrued interest receivable
BOLI
CDI
Servicing rights
  Other assets

Total assets

Liabilities assumed:

Deposits
Other liabilities and accrued expenses

Total liabilities assumed
Total identifiable net assets acquired
Goodwill recognized

At October 1, 2018
Fair Value 
Adjustment

Book Value

Estimated 
Fair Value

(Dollars in thousands)

$ 

35,170 

$ 

21,187  $ 
2,973 
205 
19,891 
5,022 
123,627 
3,225 
25 
554 
2,629 
— 
285 
1,087 
180,710 

— 
— 
— 
(189)   
— 
(2,083)   
112 
— 
— 
— 
2,483 

(4)   
(511)   
(192)   

21,187 
2,973 
205 
19,702 
5,022 
121,544 
3,337 
25 
554 
2,629 
2,483 
281 
576 
180,518 

151,378 
3,291 
154,669 
26,041  $ 

$ 

160 
— 
160 
(352)   

$ 

151,538 
3,291 
154,829 
25,689 
9,481 

The acquired loan portfolio was valued using Level 3 inputs (see Note 22) and included the use of present value techniques, 
including cash flow estimates and incorporated assumptions that the Company believes marketplace participants would use in 
estimating fair values. 

The operating results of the Company for the years ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 include the operating results produced 
by the net assets acquired in the South Sound Acquisition since the October 1, 2018 acquisition date.  The Company determined 

that the disclosure requirements related to the amounts of revenues and earnings from the net assets acquired in the South 
Sound Acquisition since the October 1, 2018 acquisition date is impracticable.  The financial activity and operating results of 
the net assets acquired in the South Sound Acquisition were commingled with the Company's financial activity and operating 
results as of the acquisition date.

During the year ended September 30, 2020, the Company incurred acquisition-related expenses of $2,000 related to the South 
Sound Acquisition.  During the year ended September 30, 2019, the Company incurred acquisition-related expenses of 
$462,000 related to the South Sound Acquisition, of which $317,000 is included in data processing and $145,000 is included in 

91

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Timberland Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary
September 30, 2020 and 2019

professional fees in the accompanying consolidated statement of income.  During the year ended September 30, 2018, the 
Company incurred acquisition-related expenses of $616,000 related to the South Sound Acquisition, which are all included in 
professional fees in the accompanying consolidated statement of income. South Sound Bank incurred acquisition-related 
expenses of $1,598,000 for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2018 related to the South Sound Acquisition. 

Note 3 - Restricted Assets

Federal Reserve regulations require that the Bank maintain certain minimum reserve balances on hand or on deposit with the 
FRB, based on a percentage of transaction account deposits.  In response to the COVID-19 pandemic the Federal Reserve 
reduced the reserve requirement ratio to zero percent, effective March 26, 2020. The amounts of the reserve requirement 
balances as of September 30, 2020 and 2019 were $0 and $1,898,000, respectively.

Note 4 - Investment Securities

Held to maturity and available for sale investment securities were as follows as of September 30, 2020 and 2019 (dollars in 
thousands):

Amortized
Cost

Gross
Unrealized
Gains

Gross
Unrealized
Losses

Estimated
Fair Value

September 30, 2020
Held to Maturity

Mortgage-backed securities ("MBS"):

U.S. government agencies
Private label residential

Bank issued trust preferred securities

Total

Available for Sale

MBS: U.S. government agencies

Total

September 30, 2019
Held to Maturity

MBS:

U.S. government agencies
Private label residential

U.S. Treasury and U.S. government agency securities

Total

Available for Sale

MBS: U.S. government agencies

Total

27,161  $ 
229 
500 
27,890  $ 

1,635  $ 
307 
— 
1,942  $ 

(3)  $ 
(1)   
(1)   
(5)  $ 

28,793 
535 
499 
29,827 

57,797  $ 
57,797  $ 

178  $ 
178  $ 

(68)  $ 
(68)  $ 

57,907 
57,907 

27,786  $ 
317 
2,999 
31,102  $ 

999  $ 
490 
— 
1,489  $ 

(2)  $ 
(1)   
(8)   
(11)  $ 

28,783 
806 
2,991 
32,580 

22,418  $ 
22,418  $ 

114  $ 
114  $ 

—  $ 
—  $ 

22,532 
22,532 

$ 

$ 

$ 
$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 
$ 

92

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Timberland Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary
September 30, 2020 and 2019

Held to maturity and available for sale investment securities with unrealized losses were as follows as of September 30, 2020 
(dollars in thousands):

Less Than 12 Months

12 Months or Longer

Total

Estimated
 Fair
 Value

Gross
Unrealized
Losses

Qty

Estimated
 Fair
 Value

Gross
Unrealized
Losses

Qty

Estimated
 Fair
 Value

Gross
Unrealized
Losses

Held to Maturity

MBS:

U.S. government 

agencies

Private label residential
Bank issued trust preferred 

securities

     Total

Available for Sale

MBS:

U.S. government 

agencies

     Total

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

5,130  $ 
7 

499 
5,636  $ 

(2)    4  $ 
  1 
— 

(1)    1 
(3)    6  $ 

39  $ 
11 

— 
50  $ 

(1)    4  $ 
(1)    2 

5,169  $ 
18 

  — 
— 
(2)    6  $ 

499 
5,686  $ 

21,464  $ 

(68)    11  $ 

—  $ 

— 

  —  $  21,464  $ 

21,464  $ 

(68)    11  $ 

—  $ 

— 

  —  $  21,464  $ 

(3) 
(1) 

(1) 
(5) 

(68) 

(68) 

Held to maturity investment securities with unrealized losses were as follows as of September 30, 2019 (dollars in thousands):

Less Than 12 Months

12 Months or Longer

Estimated
 Fair
 Value

Gross
Unrealized
Losses

Qty

Estimated
 Fair
 Value

Gross
Unrealized
Losses

Qty

Total

Estimated
 Fair
 Value

Gross
Unrealized
Losses

Held to Maturity

MBS:

U.S. government agencies $ 
Private label residential

291  $ 
— 

(1)    2  $ 
  — 
— 

76  $ 
23 

(1) 
(1) 

  6  $ 
  5 

367  $ 
23 

U.S. Treasury and U.S. 
government agency 
securities

     Total

— 
291  $ 

$ 

— 
  — 
(1)    2  $ 

2,991 
3,090  $ 

(8) 
(10) 

  1 
  12  $ 

2,991 
3,381  $ 

(2) 
(1) 

(8) 
(11) 

The Company has evaluated the investment securities in the above tables and has determined that the decline in their fair value 
is temporary.  The unrealized losses are primarily due to changes in market interest rates and spreads in the market for 
mortgage-related products.  The fair value of these securities is expected to recover as the securities approach their maturity 
dates and/or as the pricing spreads narrow on mortgage-related securities.  The Company has the ability and the intent to hold 
the investments until the fair value of these securities recovers.  Additional deterioration in market and economic conditions 
related to the COVID-19 pandemic may, however, have an adverse impact on credit quality in the future and result in OTTI 
charges.

The Company bifurcates OTTI into (1) amounts related to credit losses which are recognized through earnings and (2) amounts 
related to all other factors which are recognized as a component of other comprehensive income (loss).

To determine the component of the gross OTTI related to credit losses, the Company compared the amortized cost basis of the 
OTTI security to the present value of its revised expected cash flows, discounted using its pre-impairment yield. The revised 
expected cash flow estimates for individual securities are based primarily on an analysis of default rates, prepayment speeds and 

93

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Timberland Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary
September 30, 2020 and 2019

third-party analytic reports.  Significant judgment by management is required in this analysis that includes, but is not limited to, 
assumptions regarding the collectability of principal and interest, net of related expenses, on the underlying loans.

The following table presents a summary of the significant inputs utilized to measure management’s estimates of the credit loss 
component on OTTI securities as of September 30, 2020, 2019 and 2018:

September 30, 2020
Constant prepayment rate
Collateral default rate
Loss severity rate

September 30, 2019
Constant prepayment rate
Collateral default rate
Loss severity rate

September 30, 2018
Constant prepayment rate
Collateral default rate
Loss severity rate

Range

Minimum 

Maximum 

Weighted
Average 

 6.00% 
 2.17% 
 —% 

 6.00% 
 3.00% 
 —% 

 6.00% 
 —% 
 —% 

 15.00% 
 27.39% 
 11.27% 

 15.00% 
 19.70% 
 10.59% 

 15.00% 
 10.42% 
 75.00% 

 8.97% 
 14.37% 
 2.87% 

 10.67% 
 10.40% 
 4.07% 

 12.91% 
 5.03% 
 37.25% 

The following table presents the OTTI recoveries for the years ended September 30, 2020, 2019 and 2018 (dollars in 
thousands):

2020
Held To
Maturity

2019
Held To
Maturity

2018
Held To 
Maturity

$ 

$ 

120 

— 

120 

$ 

$ 

71 

$ 

(12) 

59 

$ 

73 

(5) 

68 

Total recoveries 
Adjustment for portion of OTTI transferred from other 
comprehensive income (loss) before income taxes (1)

Net recoveries recognized in earnings (2)

________________________

(1) Represents OTTI related to all other factors.
(2) Represents OTTI related to credit losses.

94

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Timberland Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary
September 30, 2020 and 2019

The following table presents a roll forward of the credit loss component of held to maturity and available for sale debt securities 
that have been written down for OTTI with the credit loss component recognized in earnings for the years ended September 30, 
2020, 2019 and 2018 (dollars in thousands):

Balance, beginning of year

Additions:
       Additional increases to the amount
          related to credit loss for which OTTI
          was previously recognized
Subtractions:
       Realized losses previously recorded
          as credit losses

Recovery of prior credit loss

Balance, end of year

2020

2019

2018

$ 

1,071  $ 

1,153  $ 

1,301 

3 

13 

14 

(66)   
(123)   
885  $ 

(23)   
(72)   
1,071  $ 

(80) 
(82) 
1,153 

$ 

During the year ended September 30, 2020, the Company recorded a $66,000 net realized loss (as a result of investment 
securities being deemed worthless) on nineteen held to maturity investment securities, all of which had been recognized 
previously as a credit loss. During the year ended September 30, 2019, the Company recorded a $23,000 net realized loss (as a 
result of investment securities being deemed worthless) on seventeen held to maturity investment securities, all of which had 
been recognized previously as a credit loss.  During the year ended September 30, 2018, the Company recorded an $80,000 net 
realized loss (as a result of investment securities being deemed worthless) on sixteen held to maturity investment securities, all 
of which had been recognized previously as a credit loss.

The recorded amount of investment securities pledged as collateral for public fund deposits, federal treasury tax and loan 
deposits and FHLB collateral totaled $81,028,000 and $18,587,000 at September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

The contractual maturities of debt securities at September 30, 2020 are as follows (dollars in thousands).  Expected maturities 
may differ from scheduled maturities due to the prepayment of principal or call provisions.

Due within one year
Due after one year to five years
Due after five years to ten years
Due after ten years

Total

Held to Maturity

Available for Sale

Amortized
Cost

Estimated
Fair
Value

Amortized
Cost

Estimated
Fair
Value

$ 

$ 

—  $ 
126 
7,157 
20,607 

27,890  $ 

—  $ 

831  $ 

130 
7,937 
21,760 

3,270 
18,507 
35,189 

29,827  $ 

57,797  $ 

830 
3,261 
18,491 
35,325 

57,907 

95

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Timberland Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary
September 30, 2020 and 2019

Note 5 - Loans Receivable and Allowance for Loan Losses

Loans receivable by portfolio segment consisted of the following at September 30, 2020 and 2019 (dollars in thousands):

Mortgage loans:

One- to four-family
Multi-family
Commercial
Construction – custom and owner/builder
Construction – speculative one- to four-family
Construction – commercial
Construction – multi-family
Construction – land development
Land

     Total mortgage loans
Consumer loans:

Home equity and second mortgage
Other

     Total consumer loans

Commercial loans:

Commercial business
U.S. Small Business Administration ("SBA") Paycheck Protection Program ("PPP") 

     Total commercial business and SBA PPP loans
      Total loans receivable
Less:

Undisbursed portion of construction loans in process
Deferred loan origination fees, net
Allowance for loan losses

Loans receivable, net

2020

2019

$  118,580  $  132,661 
76,036 
419,117 
128,848 
16,445 
39,566 
36,263 
2,404 
30,770 
882,110 

85,053 
453,574 
129,572 
14,592 
33,144 
34,476 
7,712 
25,571 
902,274 

32,077 
3,572 
35,649 

40,190 
4,312 
44,502 

69,540 
126,820 
196,360 
  1,134,283 

64,764 
— 
64,764 
991,376 

100,558 
6,436 
13,414 
120,408 

92,226 
2,798 
9,690 
104,714 
$ 1,013,875  $  886,662 

Loans receivable at September 30, 2020 and 2019 are reported net of unamortized discounts totaling $790,000 and $1,386,000, 
respectively.  

Significant Concentrations of Credit Risk

Most of the Company’s lending activity is with customers located in the state of Washington and involves real estate.  At 
September 30, 2020, the Company had $934,351,000 (including $100,558,000 of undisbursed construction loans in process) in 
loans secured by real estate, which represented 82.4% of total loans receivable.  The real estate loan portfolio is primarily 
secured by one- to four-family properties, multi-family properties, land, and a variety of commercial real estate property 
types.  At September 30, 2020, there were no concentrations of real estate loans to a specific industry or secured by a specific 
collateral type that equaled or exceeded 20% of the Company’s total loan portfolio, other than loans secured by one-to four-
family properties.  The ultimate collectability of a substantial portion of the loan portfolio is susceptible to changes in economic 
and market conditions in the region and the impact of those changes on the real estate market.  The Company typically 
originates real estate loans with loan-to-value ratios of no greater than 90%.  Collateral and/or guarantees are required for all 
loans.

96

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Timberland Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary
September 30, 2020 and 2019

Related Party Loans

Certain related parties of the Company, principally Bank directors and officers, are loan customers of the Bank in the ordinary 
course of business.  Such related party loans were performing according to their repayment terms at September 30, 2020 and 
2019.  Activity in related party loans during the years ended September 30, 2020, 2019 and 2018 was as follows (dollars in 
thousands):

Balance, beginning of year
New loans or borrowings
Repayments and reclassifications
Balance, end of year

Loan Segment Risk Characteristics

2020

94  $ 
178 
(24)   
248  $ 

2019
119  $ 
1 
(26)   
94  $ 

2018
741 
368 
(990) 
119 

$ 

$ 

The Company believes that its loan classes are the same as its loan segments.

One- To Four-Family Residential Lending:  The Company originates both fixed-rate and adjustable-rate loans secured by 
one- to four-family residences.  A portion of the fixed-rate one- to four-family loans are sold in the secondary market for asset/
liability management purposes and to generate non-interest income.  The Company’s lending policies generally limit the 
maximum loan-to-value on one- to four-family loans to 90% of the lesser of the appraised value or the purchase 
price.  However, the Company usually obtains private mortgage insurance on the portion of the principal amount that exceeds 
80% of the appraised value of the property.

Multi-Family Lending: The Company originates loans secured by multi-family dwelling units (more than four units).  Multi-
family lending generally affords the Company an opportunity to receive interest at rates higher than those generally available 
from one- to four-family residential lending.  However, loans secured by multi-family properties usually are greater in amount, 
more difficult to evaluate and monitor and, therefore, involve a greater degree of risk than one- to four-family residential 
mortgage loans.  Because payments on loans secured by multi-family properties are often dependent on the successful operation 
and management of the properties, repayment of such loans may be affected by adverse conditions in the real estate market or 
economy.  The Company attempts to minimize these risks by scrutinizing the financial condition of the borrower, the quality of 
the collateral and the management of the property securing the loan.

Commercial Mortgage Lending: The Company originates commercial real estate loans secured by properties such as office 
buildings, retail/wholesale facilities, motels, restaurants, mini-storage facilities and other commercial properties.  Commercial 
real estate lending generally affords the Company an opportunity to receive interest at higher rates than those available from 
one- to four-family residential lending.  However, loans secured by such properties usually are greater in amount, more difficult 
to evaluate and monitor and, therefore, involve a greater degree of risk than one- to four-family residential mortgage loans. 
Because payments on loans secured by commercial properties are often dependent on the successful operation and management 
of the properties, repayment of these loans may be affected by adverse conditions in the real estate market or economy.  The 
Company attempts to mitigate these risks by generally limiting the maximum loan-to-value ratio to 80% and scrutinizing the 
financial condition of the borrower, the quality of the collateral and the management of the property securing the loan.

Construction Lending:  The Company currently originates the following types of construction loans: custom construction 
loans, owner/builder construction loans, speculative construction loans, commercial real estate construction loans, multi-family 
construction loans and land development loans. 

Construction lending affords the Company the opportunity to achieve higher interest rates and fees with shorter terms to 
maturity than does its single-family permanent mortgage lending.  Construction lending, however, is generally considered to 
involve a higher degree of risk than one- to four family residential lending because of the inherent difficulty in estimating both 
a property’s value at completion of the project and the estimated cost of the project.  The nature of these loans is such that they 
are generally more difficult to evaluate and monitor.  If the estimated cost of construction proves to be inaccurate, the Company 
may be required to advance funds beyond the amount originally committed to complete the project.  If the estimate of value 
upon completion proves to be inaccurate, the Company may be confronted with a project whose value is insufficient to assure 
full repayment, and the Company may incur a loss.  Projects may also be jeopardized by disagreements between borrowers and 
builders and by the failure of builders to pay subcontractors.  Loans to construct homes for which no purchaser has been 

97

 
 
 
 
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Timberland Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary
September 30, 2020 and 2019

identified carry more risk because the payoff for the loan depends on the builder’s ability to sell the property prior to the time 
that the construction loan is due.  The Company attempts to mitigate these risks by adhering to its underwriting policies, 
disbursement procedures and monitoring practices.

Construction Lending – Custom and Owner/Builder:  Custom construction and owner/builder construction loans are 
originated to home owners and are typically refinanced into permanent loans at the completion of construction.

Construction Lending – Speculative One- To Four-Family: Speculative one-to four-family construction loans are made to 
home builders and are termed “speculative” because the home builder does not have, at the time of the loan origination, a 
signed contract with a home buyer who has a commitment for permanent financing with the Company or another lender for the 
finished home.  The home buyer may be identified either during or after the construction period. 

Construction Lending – Commercial:  Commercial construction loans are originated to construct properties such as office 
buildings, hotels, retail rental space and mini-storage facilities.

Construction Lending – Multi-Family:  Multi-family construction loans are originated to construct apartment buildings and 
condominium projects.

Construction Lending - Land Development:  Land development loans are originated to real estate developers for the purpose 
of developing residential subdivisions.  The Company is currently originating land development loans on a limited basis.

Land Lending: The Company originates loans for the acquisition of land upon which the purchaser can then build or make 
improvements necessary to build or to sell as improved lots.  Loans secured by undeveloped land or improved lots involve 
greater risks than one- to four-family residential mortgage loans because these loans are more difficult to evaluate.  If the 
estimate of value proves to be inaccurate, in the event of default or foreclosure, the Company may be confronted with a 
property value which is insufficient to assure full repayment.  The Company attempts to minimize this risk by generally limiting 
the maximum loan-to-value ratio on land loans to 75%.

Consumer Lending – Home Equity and Second Mortgage:   The Company originates home equity lines of credit and second 
mortgage loans.  Home equity lines of credit and second mortgage loans have a greater credit risk than one- to four-family 
residential mortgage loans because they are secured by mortgages subordinated to the existing first mortgage on the property, 
which may or may not be held by the Company.  The Company attempts to mitigate these risks by adhering to its underwriting 
policies in evaluating the collateral and the credit-worthiness of the borrower.

Consumer Lending – Other: The Company originates other consumer loans, which include automobile loans, boat loans, 
motorcycle loans, recreational vehicle loans, savings account loans and unsecured loans.  Other consumer loans generally have 
shorter terms to maturity than mortgage loans.  Other consumer loans generally involve a greater degree of risk than do 
residential mortgage loans, particularly in the case of consumer loans that are unsecured or secured by rapidly depreciating 
assets such as automobiles.  In such cases, any repossessed collateral for a defaulted consumer loan may not provide an 
adequate source of repayment of the outstanding loan balance as a result of the greater likelihood of damage, loss or 
depreciation.  The Company attempts to mitigate these risks by adhering to its underwriting policies in evaluating the credit-
worthiness of the borrower.

Commercial Business Lending:  The Company originates commercial business loans which, excluding SBA PPP loans, are 
generally secured by business equipment, accounts receivable, inventory or other property.  The Company also generally 
obtains personal guarantees from the business owners based on a review of personal financial statements.  Commercial business 
lending generally involves risks that are different from those associated with residential and commercial real estate 
lending.  Real estate lending is generally considered to be collateral based lending with loan amounts based on predetermined 
loan to collateral values, and liquidation of 

the underlying real estate collateral is viewed as the primary source of repayment in the event of borrower default.  Although 
commercial business loans are often collateralized by equipment, inventory, accounts receivable or other business assets, the 
liquidation of collateral in the event of a borrower default is often an insufficient source of repayment, because accounts 
receivable may be uncollectible and inventories and equipment may be obsolete or of limited use.  Accordingly, the repayment 
of a commercial business loan depends primarily on the credit-worthiness of the borrower (and any guarantors), while the 
liquidation of collateral is a secondary and potentially insufficient source of repayment.  The Company attempts to mitigate 

98

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Timberland Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary
September 30, 2020 and 2019

these risks by adhering to its underwriting policies in evaluating the management of the business and the credit-worthiness of 
the borrowers and the guarantors.

SBA PPP:  The CARES Act, which was signed into law on March 27, 2020, authorized the SBA to temporarily guarantee 
loans under a new loan program called PPP.  As a qualified SBA lender, the Company was automatically authorized to 
originate PPP loans upon commencement of the program in April 2020 through the conclusion of the PPP on August 8, 2020.  
The SBA guarantees 100% of PPP loans made to eligible borrowers and the entire amount of the borrower's PPP loan, 
including any accrued interest, is eligible to be forgiven and repaid by the SBA.   PPP loans have: (a) an interest rate of 1%, (b) 
a two-year loan term to maturity for loans approved by the SBA prior to June 5, 2020 and a five-year maturity for loans 
approved thereafter; and (c) principal and interest payments deferred for at least six months from the date of disbursement.  

Allowance for Loan Losses

The following table sets forth information for the year ended September 30, 2020 regarding activity in the allowance for loan 
losses by portfolio segment (dollars in thousands):

Beginning
Allowance

Provision for 
(Recapture of) 
Loan Losses

Charge-
offs

Recoveries

Ending
Allowance

Mortgage loans:

  One- to four-family
  Multi-family
  Commercial
  Construction – custom and owner/builder
  Construction – speculative one- to four-family
  Construction – commercial
  Construction – multi-family
  Construction – land development
  Land

Consumer loans:

  Home equity and second mortgage
  Other

Commercial business loans
   Total

$ 

$ 

1,167  $ 
481 
4,154 
755 
212 
338 
375 
67 
697 

623 
99 
722 
9,690  $ 

(6)  $ 

237 
2,984 
72 
(54)   
82 
(137)   
66 
(145)   

(45)   
(19)   
665 
3,700  $ 

—  $ 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 

— 
(12)   
(15)   
(27)  $ 

2  $ 
— 
6 
5 
— 
— 
— 
— 
20 

15 
3 
— 
51  $ 

1,163 
718 
7,144 
832 
158 
420 
238 
133 
572 

593 
71 
1,372 
13,414 

99

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Timberland Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary
September 30, 2020 and 2019

The following table sets forth information for the year ended September 30, 2019 regarding activity in the allowance for loan 
losses by portfolio segment (dollars in thousands):

Beginning
Allowance

Provision for 
(Recapture of) 
Loan Losses

Charge-
offs

Recoveries

Ending
Allowance

Mortgage loans:

  One- to four-family
  Multi-family
  Commercial
  Construction – custom and owner/builder
  Construction – speculative one- to four-family
  Construction – commercial
  Construction – multi-family
  Construction – land development
  Land

Consumer loans:

  Home equity and second mortgage
  Other

Commercial business loans
   Total

$ 

$ 

1,086  $ 
433 
4,248 
671 
178 
563 
135 
49 
844 

649 
117 
557 
9,530  $ 

(23)  $ 
48 
(260) 
82 
34 
(225) 
240 
18 
(116) 

—  $ 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
(49)   

(21) 
(19) 
242 
— 

$ 

(5)   
(5)   
(102)   
(161)  $ 

104  $ 
— 
166 
2 
— 
— 
— 
— 
18 

— 
6 
25 

321  $ 

1,167 
481 
4,154 
755 
212 
338 
375 
67 
697 

623 
99 
722 
9,690 

The following table sets forth information for the year ended September 30, 2018 regarding activity in the allowance for loan 
losses by portfolio segment (dollars in thousands):

Beginning
Allowance

Provision for 
(Recapture of) 
Loan Losses

Charge-
offs

Recoveries

Ending
Allowance

Mortgage loans:

  One- to four-family
  Multi-family
  Commercial
  Construction – custom and owner/builder
  Construction – speculative one- to four-family
  Construction – commercial
  Construction – multi-family
  Construction – land development
  Land

Consumer loans:

  Home equity and second mortgage
  Other

Commercial business loans
   Total

$ 

$ 

1,082  $ 
447 
4,184 
699 
128 
303 
173 
— 
918 

983 
121 
515 
9,553  $ 

4  $ 

(14)   
92 
(28)   
37 
260 
(38)   
49 
(71)   

(334)   
1 
42 
—  $ 

—  $ 
— 
(28)   
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
(22)   

— 
(6)   
— 
(56)  $ 

—  $ 
— 
— 
— 
13 
— 
— 
— 
19 

— 
1 
— 
33  $ 

1,086 
433 
4,248 
671 
178 
563 
135 
49 
844 

649 
117 
557 
9,530 

100

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Timberland Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary
September 30, 2020 and 2019

The following table presents information on loans evaluated individually and collectively for impairment in the allowance for 
loan losses by portfolio segment at September 30, 2020 (dollars in thousands):

Allowance for Loan Losses

Recorded Investment in Loans

Individually
Evaluated 
for
Impairment

Collectively
Evaluated 
for
Impairment

Individually
Evaluated 
for
Impairment

Collectively
Evaluated 
for
Impairment

Total

Total

Mortgage loans:

$ 

One- to four-family
Multi-family
Commercial
Construction – custom and owner/ 

builder

Construction – speculative one- to 

four-family

Construction – commercial
Construction – multi-family
Construction – land development
Land

Consumer loans:

Home equity and second mortgage  
Other

Commercial business loans
SBA PPP loans
     Total

$ 

3  $ 
— 
— 

1,160  $  1,163  $ 

718 
7,144 

718 
7,144 

1,143  $ 
— 
3,242 

117,437  $  118,580 
85,053 
85,053 
  453,574 
450,332 

— 

— 
— 
— 
— 
— 

832 

158 
420 
238 
133 
572 

832 

158 
420 
238 
133 
572 

— 

— 
— 
— 
— 
394 

75,332 

75,332 

7,108 
20,927 
10,832 
4,739 
25,177 

7,108 
20,927 
10,832 
4,739 
25,571 

— 
— 
38 
— 
41  $ 

593 
71 
1,334 
— 

593 
71 
1,372 
— 

13,373  $  13,414  $ 

555 
9 
430 
— 

32,077 
31,522 
3,572 
3,563 
69,540 
69,110 
  126,820 
126,820 
5,773  $  1,027,952  $ 1,033,725 

The following table presents information on loans evaluated individually and collectively for impairment in the allowance for 
loan losses by portfolio segment at September 30, 2019 (dollars in thousands):

Allowance for Loan Losses

Recorded Investment in Loans

Individually
Evaluated 
for
Impairment

Collectively
Evaluated 
for
Impairment

Individually
Evaluated 
for
Impairment

Collectively
Evaluated 
for
Impairment

Total

Total

Mortgage loans:

One- to four-family
Multi-family
Commercial
Construction – custom and owner/ 

$ 

builder

Construction – speculative one- to 

four-family

Construction – commercial
Construction – multi-family
Construction – land development
Land

Consumer loans:

Home equity and second mortgage  
Other

Commercial business loans
     Total

$ 

—  $ 
— 
— 

1,167  $  1,167  $ 

481 
4,154 

481 
4,154 

1,192  $ 
— 
3,190 

131,469  $ 132,661 
  76,036 
  419,117 

76,036 
415,927 

— 

— 
— 
— 
— 
27 

— 
17 
128 
172  $ 

755 

212 
338 
375 
67 
670 

623 
82 
594 

755 

212 
338 
375 
67 
697 

623 
99 
722 

9,518  $  9,690  $ 

101

— 

— 
— 
— 
— 
204 

75,411 

  75,411 

10,779 
24,051 
19,256 
1,803 
30,566 

  10,779 
  24,051 
  19,256 
1,803 
  30,770 

603 
23 
725 
5,937  $ 

39,587 
4,289 
64,039 

  40,190 
4,312 
  64,764 
893,213  $ 899,150 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Timberland Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary
September 30, 2020 and 2019

The following table presents an analysis of loans by aging category and portfolio segment at September 30, 2020 (dollars in 
thousands):

30-59
Days
Past Due

60-89
Days
Past Due

Non-
Accrual(1)

Past Due
90 Days
or More
and Still
Accruing

Total

Past Due Current

Total
Loans

$ 

—  $ 
— 
— 

68  $ 
— 
519 

659  $ 
— 
858 

—  $ 
— 
— 

727  $  117,853  $  118,580 
85,053 
— 
  453,574 
1,377 

85,053 
  452,197 

— 

— 
— 
— 
— 
— 

— 

— 
— 
— 
38 
144 

— 

— 
— 
— 
— 
394 

— 

— 
— 
— 
— 
— 

— 

75,332 

75,332 

— 
— 
— 
38 
538 

7,108 
20,927 
10,832 
4,701 
25,033 

7,108 
20,927 
10,832 
4,739 
25,571 

Mortgage loans:

One- to four-family
Multi-family
Commercial
Construction – custom and owner/ 

builder

Construction – speculative one- to 

four-family

Construction – commercial
Construction – multi-family
Construction – land development
Land

Consumer loans:

Home equity and second mortgage  
Other

Commercial business loans
SBA PPP loans
   Total

$ 

— 
3 
49 
— 
52  $ 

22 
— 
— 
— 
791  $ 

555 
9 
430 
— 
2,905  $ 

577 
12 
479 
— 

32,077 
— 
3,572 
— 
69,540 
— 
  126,820 
— 
—  $  3,748  $ 1,029,977  $ 1,033,725 

31,500 
3,560 
69,061 
  126,820 

__________________
(1)

Includes non-accrual loans past due 90 days or more and other loans classified as non-accrual.

102

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Timberland Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary
September 30, 2020 and 2019

The following table presents an analysis of loans by aging category and portfolio segment at September 30, 2019 (dollars in 
thousands):

30-59
Days
Past Due

60-89
Days
Past Due

Non-
Accrual(1)

Past Due
90 Days
or More
and Still
Accruing

Total

Past Due Current

Total
Loans

$ 

—  $ 
— 
94 

286  $ 
— 
218 

699  $ 
— 
779 

—  $ 
— 
— 

985  $ 131,676  $ 132,661 
  76,036 
— 
  419,117 
1,091 

  76,036 
  418,026 

— 

— 
— 
— 
— 
5 

— 

— 
— 
— 
— 
193 

— 

— 
— 
— 
— 
204 

— 

— 
— 
— 
— 
— 

— 

  75,411 

  75,411 

— 
— 
— 
— 
402 

  10,779 
  24,051 
  19,256 
1,803 
  30,368 

  10,779 
  24,051 
  19,256 
1,803 
  30,770 

Mortgage loans:

One- to four-family
Multi-family
Commercial
Construction – custom and owner/ 

builder

Construction – speculative one- to 

four-family

Construction – commercial
Construction – multi-family
Construction – land development
Land

Consumer loans:

Home equity and second mortgage  
Other

Commercial business loans
   Total

$ 

94 
— 
— 
193  $ 

— 
— 
2 
699  $ 

603 
23 
725 
3,033  $ 

697 
23 
727 

  40,190 
— 
4,312 
— 
  64,764 
— 
—  $  3,925  $ 895,225  $ 899,150 

  39,493 
4,289 
  64,037 

___________________
(1)

Includes non-accrual loans past due 90 days or more and other loans classified as non-accrual.

Credit Quality Indicators

The Company uses credit risk grades which reflect the Company’s assessment of a loan’s risk or loss potential.  The Company 
categorizes loans into risk grade categories based on relevant information about the ability of borrowers to service their debt 
such as: current financial information, historical payment experience, credit documentation, public information and current 
economic trends, among other factors such as the estimated fair value of the collateral.  The Company uses the following 
definitions for credit risk ratings as part of the on-going monitoring of the credit quality of its loan portfolio:

Pass:  Pass loans are defined as those loans that meet acceptable quality underwriting standards.

Watch:  Watch loans are defined as those loans that still exhibit acceptable quality but have some concerns that justify greater 
attention.  If these concerns are not corrected, a potential for further adverse categorization exists.  These concerns could relate 
to a specific condition peculiar to the borrower, its industry segment or the general economic environment.

Special Mention: Special mention loans are defined as those loans deemed by management to have some potential weaknesses 
that deserve management’s close attention.  If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in the deterioration of the 
payment prospects of the loan.  

Substandard:  Substandard loans are defined as those loans that are inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying 
capacity of the obligor, or of the collateral pledged.  Loans classified as substandard have a well-defined weakness or 
weaknesses that jeopardize the repayment of the debt.  If the weakness or weaknesses are not corrected, there is the distinct 
possibility that some loss will be sustained.

Doubtful:  Loans in this classification have the weaknesses of substandard loans with the additional characteristic that the 
weaknesses make the collection or liquidation in full on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions and values questionable, 
and there is a high possibility of loss.  At September 30, 2020 and 2019, there were no loans classified as doubtful.

103

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Timberland Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary
September 30, 2020 and 2019

Loss:  Loans in this classification are considered uncollectible and of such little value that continuance as an asset is not 
warranted.  This classification does not mean that the loan has absolutely no recovery or salvage value, but rather it is not 
practical or desirable to defer writing off this loan even though partial recovery may be realized in the future.  At September 30, 
2020 and 2019, there were no loans classified as loss.

The following table presents an analysis of loans by credit quality indicator and portfolio segment at September 30, 2020 
(dollars in thousands): 

Loan Grades

Pass

Watch

Special 
Mention

Substandard

Total

Mortgage loans:

One- to four-family
Multi-family
Commercial
Construction – custom and owner / builder
Construction – speculative one- to four-family
Construction – commercial
Construction – multi-family
Construction – land development
Land

$  115,992  $ 
85,053 
441,037 
74,529 
7,108 
19,525 
10,832 
4,701 
23,290 

1,369  $ 
— 
7,712 
803 
— 
— 
— 
— 
1,518 

Consumer loans:

Home equity and second mortgage
Other

Commercial business loans
SBA PPP loans
        Total

31,344 
3,531 
68,904 
126,820 
$ 1,012,666  $ 

53 
32 
59 
— 
11,546  $ 

551  $ 
— 
3,447 
— 
— 
1,402 
— 
— 
370 

— 
— 
94 
— 
5,864  $ 

668  $  118,580 
85,053 
— 
453,574 
1,378 
75,332 
— 
7,108 
— 
20,927 
— 
10,832 
— 
4,739 
38 
25,571 
393 

680 
9 
483 
— 

32,077 
3,572 
69,540 
126,820 
3,649  $  1,033,725 

The following table presents an analysis of loans by credit quality indicator and portfolio segment at September 30, 2019 
(dollars in thousands):

Loan Grades

Pass

Watch

Special 
Mention

Substandard

Total

Mortgage loans:

One- to four-family
Multi-family
Commercial
Construction – custom and owner / builder
Construction – speculative one- to four-family
Construction – commercial
Construction – multi-family
Construction – land development
Land

$  129,748  $ 
76,036 
405,165 
75,178 
10,779 
24,051 
19,256 
1,659 
28,390 

296  $ 
— 
11,944 
233 
— 
— 
— 
— 
952 

562  $ 

— 
683 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
1,217 

2,055  $  132,661 
76,036 
419,117 
75,411 
10,779 
24,051 
19,256 
1,803 
30,770 

— 
1,325 
— 
— 
— 
— 
144 
211 

Consumer loans:

Home equity and second mortgage
Other

Commercial business loans
        Total

39,364 
4,257 
63,669 
$  877,552  $ 

41 
33 
232 
13,731  $ 

— 
— 
85 
2,547  $ 

785 
22 
778 

40,190 
4,312 
64,764 
5,320  $  899,150 

104

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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107

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Timberland Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary
September 30, 2020 and 2019

The CARES Act provided guidance around the modification of loans as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, which outlined, 
among other criteria, that short-term modifications made on a good faith basis to borrowers who were current as defined under 
the CARES Act prior to any relief, are not TDRs. This includes short-term (e.g. six months) modifications such as payment 
deferrals, fee waivers, extensions of repayment terms, or other delays in payment that are insignificant.  Borrowers are 
considered current under the CARES Act and related regulatory guidance if they are less than 30 days past due on their 
contractual payments at the time a modification program is implemented.  In response to requests from borrowers, the Company 
made payment deferral modifications (typically 90-day payment deferrals with interest continuing to accrue or scheduled to be 
paid monthly) on a number of loans.  The majority of these borrowers had resumed making payments as of September 30, 2020 
and only five loans totaling $5,870,000 remained on deferral status under COVID-19 loan modification forbearance agreements 
as of that date.  Loan modifications in accordance with the CARES Act and related regulatory guidance are still subject to an 
evaluation in regard to determining whether or not a loan is deemed to be impaired. 

The following table details the COVID-19 loan modifications, still on deferral status, as of September 30, 2020 (dollars in 
thousands):

COVID-19 Loan Modifications

Mortgage loans

     One- to four-family

     Commercial 

     Construction

          Total mortgage loans

Consumer loans

     Home equity and second mortgage

          Total consumer loans

Total COVID-19 Modifications

Number

Balance

Percent

1

2

1

4

1

1

5

$ 

467 

3,951 

1,402 

5,820 

50

50

 8.0% 

 67.2 

 23.9 

 99.1 

 0.9 

 0.9 

$ 

5,870 

 100.0% 

The Company had $3,071,000 in TDRs included in impaired loans at September 30, 2020 and had no commitments to lend 
additional funds on these loans.  The Company had $3,269,000 in TDRs included in impaired loans at September 30, 2019 and 
had no commitments to lend additional funds on these loans.  The allowance for loan losses allocated to TDRs at September 30, 
2020 and 2019 was $3,000 and $56,000, respectively.

The following tables set forth information with respect to the Company’s TDRs by interest accrual status as of September 30, 
2020 and 2019 (dollars in thousands):

2020
Non-
Accrual

Total

Accruing

$ 

$ 

483  $ 
— 
2,385 
— 

— 
2,868  $ 

—  $ 
— 
— 
130 

73 
203  $ 

483 
— 
2,385 
130 

73 
3,071 

Mortgage loans:

One- to four-family
Multi-family
Commercial
Land

Consumer loans:

Home equity and second mortgage

        Total

108

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Timberland Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary
September 30, 2020 and 2019

Mortgage loans:

One- to four-family
Commercial
Consumer loans:

Home equity and second mortgage

Commercial business loans
        Total

2019
Non-
Accrual

Total

141  $ 
— 

82 
143 
366  $ 

634 
2,410 

82 
143 
3,269 

Accruing

$ 

493  $ 

2,410 

— 
— 
2,903  $ 

$ 

There were no new TDRs recognized during the fiscal year ended September 30, 2020. There was one new TDR during the 
year ended September 30, 2019. There were three new TDRs during the year ended September 30, 2018.   The following tables 
set forth information with respect to the Company's TDRs, by portfolio segment, during the years ended September 30, 2019 
and 2018 (dollars in thousands):

2019
Home equity and second mortgage loans (1)

Total

2018

Land loans (2)

Commercial business loans (1)

          Total

Pre-
Modification
Outstanding
Recorded
Investment

Post- 
Modification
Outstanding
Recorded
Investment

End of
Period
Balance

Number of
Contracts

1 $ 
1 $ 

1 $ 

2  

3 $ 

85  $ 
85  $ 

85  $ 
85  $ 

82 
82 

244  $ 

155  $ 

183 

183 

427  $ 

338  $ 

153 

170 

323 

          (1) Modifications were a result of a reduction in interest rates or monthly payment amounts.

(2) Modification was a result of a reduction in principal balance.

There were no TDRs for which there was a payment default within the first 12 months of modification during the years ended 
September 30, 2020, 2019 or 2018.

Note 6 - Premises and Equipment

Premises and equipment consisted of the following at September 30, 2020 and 2019 (dollars in thousands):

Land
Buildings and improvements
Furniture and equipment
Property held for future expansion
Construction and purchases in progress

Less accumulated depreciation

Premises and equipment, net

109

2020
5,404  $ 

24,636 
9,978 
129 
138 
40,285 
17,250 
23,035  $ 

$ 

$ 

2019
5,404 
23,847 
9,012 
334 
338 
38,935 
16,105 
22,830 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Timberland Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary
September 30, 2020 and 2019

The Company leases certain premises under operating lease agreements.  Certain leases contain renewal options from five to ten 
years and escalation clauses.  Total rental expense was $377,000, $332,000 and $206,000 for the years ended September 30, 
2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively, which is included in premises and equipment expense in the accompanying consolidated 
statements of income. See Note 10 for additional information on the Company's leases.

Note 7 – OREO and Other Repossessed Assets

The following table presents the activity related to OREO and other repossessed assets for the years ended September 30, 2020 
and 2019 (dollars in thousands):

Balance, beginning of year
Addition due to South Sound Acquisition
Other additions 
Writedowns
Sales 

Balance, end of year

2020

2019

Amount
1,683 
— 

(173)   
(460)   
1,050 

$ 

$ 

Number

12  $ 
— 

— 
(6)   
6  $ 

Amount
1,913 
25 
293 
(24)   
(524)   
1,683 

Number
12 
1 
2 
— 
(3) 
12 

At September 30, 2020, OREO and other repossessed assets consisted of six OREO properties in Washington, with balances 
ranging from $79,000 to $702,000.   At September 30, 2019, OREO and other repossessed assets consisted of 12 OREO 
properties in Washington, with balances ranging from $13,000 to $874,000.  The Company recorded net gains on sales of 
OREO and other repossessed assets of $35,000, $89,000, and $229,000 for the years ended September 30, 2020, 2019 and 
2018, respectively. Gains and losses on sales of OREO and other repossessed assets are recorded in the OREO and other 
repossessed assets, net category in non-interest expense in the accompanying consolidated statements of income.

At September 30, 2020, there were no foreclosed residential real estate properties held in OREO as a result of obtaining 
physical possession and there were no one- to four-family properties in the process of foreclosure. At September 30, 2019, there 
were no foreclosed residential real estate properties held in OREO as a result of obtaining physical possession and the amount 
of one- to four-family properties in the process of foreclosure totaled $150,000.

Note 8 -  Goodwill and CDI

Goodwill
There were no changes to the recorded amount of goodwill for both years ended September 30, 2020 and 2018. The following 
table presents the change in the recorded amount of goodwill for the year ended September 30, 2019 (dollars in thousands).  

Balance, beginning of year

Addition as a result of the South Sound Acquisition (see Note 2)

Balance, end of year

$ 

$ 

5,650 

9,481 

15,131 

CDI
During the year ended September 30, 2019, the Company recorded a CDI of $2,483,000 in connection with the South Sound 
Acquisition.  The CDI amortization expense totaled $406,000 and $452,000 for the years ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, 
respectively.

110

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Timberland Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary
September 30, 2020 and 2019

Amortization expense for the CDI for fiscal years ending subsequent to September 30, 2020 is estimated to be as follows 
(dollars in thousands):

2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
Thereafter
      Total

Note 9 - Servicing Rights

$ 

$ 

361 
316 
271 
226 
180 
271 
1,625 

The Company services one- to four-family mortgage loans for Freddie Mac and also provides servicing for secondary market 
purchasers of the guaranteed portion of SBA loans; such loans are not included in the accompanying consolidated balance 
sheets.  The principal amount of loans serviced for Freddie Mac at September 30, 2020, 2019 and 2018 was $418,559,000, 
$386,357,000 and $370,928,000, respectively.  The guaranteed principal amount of SBA loans serviced for others at 
September 30, 2020, 2019 and 2018 was $8,022,000, $12,765,000 and $754,000, respectively. 

The following is an analysis of the changes in Freddie Mac servicing rights for the years ended September 30, 2020, 2019 and 
2018 (dollars in thousands):

Balance, beginning of year
Additions
Amortization
Valuation allowance

Balance, end of year

2020
2,206  $ 
1,733 
(748)   
(211)   
2,980  $ 

2019
2,022  $ 
747 
(563)   
— 
2,206  $ 

2018
1,823 
687 
(488) 
— 
2,022 

$ 

$ 

At September 30, 2020, 2019 and 2018, the estimated fair value of Freddie Mac servicing rights totaled $3,120,000, $3,694,000 
and $4,171,000, respectively.  The Freddie Mac servicing rights' fair values at September 30, 2020, 2019 and 2018 were 
estimated using discounted cash flow analyses with average discount rates of 9.00%, 9.00% and 8.99%, respectively, and 
average conditional prepayment rates of 14.42%, 11.31% and 8.10%, respectively.  At September 30, 2020 there was a 
valuation allowance of  $211,000.  At both September 30, 2019 and 2018, there was no valuation allowance on the Freddie Mac 
servicing rights.

The following is an analysis of the changes in SBA servicing rights for the years ended September 30, 2020, 2019 and 2018 
(dollars in thousands):

Balance, beginning of year

Additions due to South Sound Acquisition

Other additions

Amortization

Valuation allowance - South Sound Acquisition

Valuation allowance

Balance, end of year

2020

2019

2018

$ 

202  $ 

6  $ 

— 

13 

(90)   

— 

(10)   

115  $ 

285 

2 

(83)   

(4)   

(4)   

202  $ 

$ 

2 

— 

7 

(3) 

— 

— 

6 

At September 30, 2020 and 2019, the estimated fair value of SBA servicing rights totaled $115,000 and $202,000, respectively. 
The SBA servicing rights' fair values at September 30, 2020 and 2019 were estimated using discounted cash flow analyses with 

111

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Timberland Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary
September 30, 2020 and 2019

average discount rates of 15.00% for both years and average conditional prepayment rates of 16.29% and 16.13% respectively.  
At September 30, 2020 and 2019, there were valuation allowances of $18,000 and $8,000, respectively, on SBA servicing 
rights. At September 30, 2018, the SBA servicing rights were insignificant.

Note 10 - Leases

The Company adopted ASC 842 on October 1, 2019 and began recording operating lease liabilities and operating lease ROU 
assets on the consolidated balance sheets.  The Company has operating leases for three retail bank branch offices.  The ROU 
assets totaled $2.89 million at October 1, 2019.  The Company's leases have remaining lease terms of 22 months to eleven 
years, some of which include options to extend the leases for up to five years.

The components of lease cost (included in the premises and equipment expense category in the consolidated statements of 
income) are as follows for the year ended September 30, 2020 (dollars in thousands):

Lease cost:

Operating lease cost

Total lease cost

$ 

$ 

377 

377 

The following table provides supplemental information to operating leases at or for the year ended September 30, 2020 (dollars 
in thousands):

Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:

Operating cash flows from operating leases

Weighted average remaining lease term-operating leases

Weighted average discount rate-operating leases

$ 

318 

9.24 years

 2.22% 

The Company's leases typically do not contain a discount rate implicit in the lease contract.  As an alternative, the weighted 
average discount rate used to value the future value of lease payments due in calculating the value of the ROU asset and lease 

liability was determined by utilizing the September 30, 2019 fixed-rate advances issued by the FHLB, for all leases entered into 
prior to the October 1, 2019 adoption date.

Maturities of operating lease liabilities at September 30, 2020 for future years are as follows (dollars in thousands):

2021

2022

2023

2024

2025

Thereafter

Total lease payments

Less imputed interest

Total

$ 

$ 

327,000 

342,000 

310,000 

313,000 

317,000 

1,322,000 

2,931,000 

301,000 

2,630,000 

112

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Timberland Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary
September 30, 2020 and 2019

Note 11 - Deposits

Deposits consisted of the following at September 30, 2020 and 2019 (dollars in thousands):

Non-interest-bearing demand
NOW checking
Savings
Money market
Certificates of deposit

Total

2020

2019
$  441,889  $  296,472 
297,055 
164,506 
144,539 
165,655 
$ 1,358,406  $  1,068,227 

376,899 
219,869 
161,225 
158,524 

Individual certificates of deposit in amounts of $250,000 or greater totaled $28,945,000 and $29,211,000 at September 30, 2020 
and 2019, respectively. The Company had brokered deposits totaling $11,303,000 and $19,327,000 at September 30, 2020 and 
2019, respectively.

Scheduled maturities of certificates of deposit for fiscal years ending subsequent to September 30, 2020 are as follows (dollars 
in thousands):

2021
2022
2023
2024
2025

Total

$  102,862 
29,355 
9,314 
8,664 
8,329 
$  158,524 

Interest expense on deposits by account type was as follows for the years ended September 30, 2020, 2019 and 2018 (dollars in 
thousands):

NOW checking
Savings
Money market
Certificates of deposit

Total

2020
882  $ 
188 
735 
2,830 
4,635  $ 

2019
840  $ 
106 
1,119 
2,500 
4,565  $ 

2018
451 
85 
722 
1,520 
2,778 

$ 

$ 

Note 12 – FHLB Borrowings and Other Borrowings

The Bank has long- and short-term borrowing lines with the FHLB with total credit on the lines equal to 45% of the Bank’s 
total assets, limited by available collateral.  The Bank had $10,000,000 of long-term FHLB borrowings outstanding at 
September 30, 2020. These borrowings consisted of two $5,000,000 borrowings, with scheduled maturities in March 2025 and 
March 2027, and which bear interest at 1.19% and 1.11%, respectively.  The Bank had no FHLB borrowings outstanding at 
September 30, 2019.  Under the Advances, Pledge and Security Agreement entered into with the FHLB ("FHLB Borrowing 
Agreement"), virtually all of the Bank’s assets, not otherwise encumbered, are pledged as collateral for borrowings. 

The Bank also maintains a short-term borrowing line with the FRB with total credit based on eligible collateral.  At 
September 30, 2020, the Bank had a borrowing capacity on this line of $71,900,000.  The Bank had no outstanding borrowings 
on this line at both September 30, 2020 and 2019.  

The Bank has a short-term $50,000,000 overnight borrowing line with Pacific Coast Bankers' Bank. The borrowing line may be 
reduced or withdrawn at any time.  The Bank had no outstanding borrowings on this line at both September 30, 2020 and 2019.

113

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Timberland Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary
September 30, 2020 and 2019

Note 13 - Other Liabilities and Accrued Expenses

Other liabilities and accrued expenses were comprised of the following at September 30, 2020 and 2019 (dollars in thousands):

Accrued deferred compensation, profit sharing plans and bonuses payable
Accrued interest payable on deposits
Accounts payable and accrued expenses - other

Total other liabilities and accrued expenses

Note 14 - Income Taxes

2020
3,110  $ 
274 
3,928 
7,312  $ 

2019
3,131 
333 
4,374 
7,838 

$ 

$ 

On December 22, 2017, the federal government enacted the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the "Tax Act").  The Tax Act significantly 
revised the future ongoing federal corporate income tax by, among other things, decreasing the federal corporate income tax 
rate to 21.0% from 35.0% effective January 1, 2018.  As the Company has a September 30 fiscal year-end, the lower corporate 
income tax rate was phased in, resulting in a blended federal income tax rate of approximately 24.5% for the Company's fiscal 
year ended September 30, 2018, and 21.0% for subsequent fiscal years.  In addition, the reduction of the corporate federal 
income tax rate required the Company to revalue its deferred tax assets and liabilities based on the lower federal income tax rate 
of 21.0%.

As a result of the Tax Act, during the year ended September 30, 2018, the Company recorded a one-time income tax expense of 
$548,000 in conjunction with remeasuring its net deferred tax assets.  The impact of using the 24.5% blended federal income 
tax rate for the year ended September 30, 2018 versus a 35.0% rate reduced the provision for income taxes by approximately 
$2.21 million, which was partially offset by the $548,000 one-time net deferred tax asset remeasurement. 

The components of the provision for income taxes for the years ended September 30, 2020, 2019 and 2018 were as follows 
(dollars in thousands):

Current:
     Federal
     State
Deferred
Provision for income taxes

2020

2019

2018

$ 

$ 

5,962  $ 
— 
76 
6,038  $ 

5,198  $ 
— 
703 
5,901  $ 

4,900 
4 
797 
5,701 

At September 30, 2020, the Company had income taxes receivable of $781,000, which is included in other assets in the 
accompanying 2020 consolidated balance sheet. At September 30, 2019, the Company had income taxes receivable of 
$1,210,000, which is included in other assets in the accompanying 2019 consolidated balance sheet.

114

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Timberland Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary
September 30, 2020 and 2019

The components of the Company’s deferred tax assets and liabilities at September 30, 2020 and 2019 were as follows (dollars 
in thousands):

Deferred Tax Assets

Allowance for loan losses
Allowance for OREO losses
OTTI credit impairment on investment securities
Accrued interest on loans
Deferred compensation and bonuses
Reserve for loan commitments
Lease liability
Other
Total deferred tax assets

Deferred Tax Liabilities

Goodwill
Servicing rights
Depreciation
Loan fees/costs
FHLB stock dividends
Prepaid expenses
Purchase accounting adjustment
Net unrealized gains on investment securities and investments in equity securities
Right of use asset
Total deferred tax liabilities

2020

2019

$ 

2,440  $ 
171 
64 
8 
372 
81 
552 
69 
3,757 

1,187 
650 
778 
428 
81 
98 
207 
23 
543 
3,995 

1,550 
218 
97 
76 
520 
51 
— 
82 
2,594 

1,187 
506 
494 
267 
82 
70 
110 
15 
— 
2,731 

Net deferred tax assets (liabilities) 

$ 

(238)  $ 

(137) 

Deferred tax liabilities are included in other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet.

The provision for income taxes for the years ended September 30, 2020, 2019 and 2018 differs from that computed at the 
federal statutory corporate tax rate as follows (dollars in thousands):

Expected federal income tax provision at statutory rate
Net impact of the Tax Act
BOLI income
Dividends on ESOP
Stock options tax effect
Other, net
Provision for income taxes

2020
6,365  $ 
— 
(124)   
(75)   
(33)   
(95)   
6,038  $ 

2019
6,283  $ 
— 
(345)   
(73)   
(87)   
123 
5,901  $ 

2018
5,500 
548 
(134) 
(71) 
(157) 
15 
5,701 

$ 

$ 

No valuation allowance for deferred tax assets was recorded as of September 30, 2020 and 2019, as management believes that it 
is more likely than not that all of the deferred tax assets will be realized based on management's expectations of future taxable 
income.

Note 15 - Employee Stock Ownership and 401(k) Plan 

The Timberland Bank Employee Stock Ownership and 401(k) Plan (“KSOP”) is comprised of two components, the ESOP and 
the 401(k) Plan.  The KSOP benefits employees with at least one year of service who are 18 years of age or older.  The Bank 

115

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Timberland Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary
September 30, 2020 and 2019

may fund the ESOP with contributions of cash or stock, and may fund the 401(k) Plan with contributions of cash.  Employee 
vesting occurs over six years.

ESOP

In January 1998, the ESOP borrowed $7,930,000 from the Company to purchase 1,058,000 shares of common stock of the 
Company.  The loan was repaid primarily from the Bank’s contributions to the ESOP and was fully repaid by March 31, 2019.  
The interest rate on the loan was 8.5%.  Interest expense on the ESOP debt was $9,000 and $53,000 for the years ended 
September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. 

The amount of the Bank's annual contribution was discretionary, except that it must have been sufficient to enable the ESOP to 
service its debt.  All dividends received by the ESOP were used to pay debt service through March 31, 2019.  The dividends 
received after March 31, 2019 have been paid directly to participants.  Dividends of $176,000 and $291,000 were used to 
service the debt during the years ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.  As the Plan made each payment of 
principal and interest, an appropriate percentage of stock was released and allocated annually to eligible employee accounts, in 
accordance with applicable regulations. As of September 30, 2020, an aggregate of 642,302 ESOP shares, which were 
previously released for allocation to participants, had been distributed to participants.

Shares held by the ESOP as of September 30, 2020, 2019 and 2018 were classified as follows:

Unallocated shares
Shares released for allocation
Total ESOP shares

2020
— 
415,698 
415,698 

2019
— 
425,281 
425,281 

2018
17,639 
451,644 
469,283 

The approximate fair market value of the ESOP’s unallocated shares at September 30, 2018 was $551,000.  There was no 
compensation expense recognized for the ESOP for the year ended September 30, 2020. Compensation expense recognized for 
the ESOP for the years ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 was $318,000, and $823,000, respectively.

401(k) Plan

Eligible employees may contribute a portion of their wages to the 401(k) Plan up to the maximum established under the Internal 
Revenue Code.  Contributions by the Bank are at the discretion of the Board except for a safe harbor contribution of 3% of 
eligible employees' wages, which is mandatory according to the plan document.  Bank contributions totaled $908,000, $743,000 
and $379,000 for the years ended September 30, 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

Note 16 - Stock Compensation Plans

Under the Company’s 2003 Stock Option Plan, the Company was able to grant options for up to 300,000 shares of common 
stock to employees, officers, directors and directors emeriti.  Under the Company's 2014 Equity Incentive Plan, the Company is 
able to grant options and awards of restricted stock (with or without performance measures) for up to 352,366 shares of 
common stock to employees, officers, directors and directors emeriti.  Under the Company's 2019 Equity Incentive Plan, which 
was approved by shareholders on January 28, 2020, the Company is able to grant options and awards or restricted stock (with or 
without performance measures) for up to 350,000 shares of common stock, of which 300,000 share are reserved to be awarded 
to employees and officers and 50,000 shares are reserved to be awarded to directors and directors emeriti. Shares issued may be 
purchased in the open market or may be issued from authorized and unissued shares.  The exercise price of each option equals 
the fair market value of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant.  Generally, options and restricted stock vest in 20% 
annual installments on each of the five anniversaries from the date of the grant, and options generally have a maximum 
contractual term of ten years from the date of the grant.  At September 30, 2020, there were 25,556 shares of common stock 
available which may be awarded as options or restricted stock pursuant to future grants under the 2014 Equity Incentive Plan.  
At September 30, 2020 there were 299,500 shares of common stock available which may be awarded as options or restricted 
stock pursuant to future grants under the 2019 Equity Incentive Plan.

At both September 30, 2020 and 2019, there were no unvested restricted stock awards.  There were no restricted stock grants 
awarded during the years ended September 30, 2020, 2019 and 2018.

116

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Timberland Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary
September 30, 2020 and 2019

Stock option activity for the years ended September 30, 2020, 2019 and 2018 is summarized as follows:

Number of
Shares

Outstanding September 30, 2017
Options granted
Options exercised
Options forfeited
Outstanding September 30, 2018

Options granted
Options exercised
Options forfeited
Outstanding September 30, 2019

Options granted
Options exercised
Options forfeited
Outstanding September 30, 2020

Weighted 
Average
Exercise 
Price
13.23 
31.80 
7.92 
13.39 
16.03 

27.14 
9.14 
19.89 
18.15 

17.01 
10.31 
25.36 
18.45 

380,120  $ 
45,950 
(40,100)   
(5,150)   

380,820 

46,840 
(43,856)   
(5,500)   

378,304 

69,150 
(37,975)   
(14,130)   
395,349  $ 

The aggregate intrinsic value of options exercised during the years ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 was $640,000 and 
$864,000, respectively.

The Company uses the Black-Scholes option pricing model to estimate the fair value of stock-based awards with the weighted 
average assumptions noted in the following table.  The risk-free interest rate is based on the rate of a U.S. Treasury security 
with a similar term as the expected life of the stock option at the particular grant date.  The expected life is based on historical 
data, vesting terms and estimated exercise dates.  The expected dividend yield is based on the most recent quarterly dividend on 
an annualized basis in effect at the time the options were granted, adjusted, if appropriate, for management's expectations 
regarding future dividends.  The expected volatility is based on historical volatility of the Company’s stock price.  There were 
45,950 options granted during the year ended September 30, 2018 with an aggregate grant date fair value of $206,000. There 
were 46,840 options granted during the year ended September 30, 2019 with an aggregate grant date fair value of $240,000.  
There were 69,150 options granted during the year ended September 30, 2020 with an aggregate grant date fair value of 
$187,000. 

The weighted average assumptions for options granted during the years ended September 30, 2020, 2019 and 2018 were as 
follows:

Expected volatility
Expected life (in years)
Expected dividend yield
Risk free interest rate
Grant date fair value per share

2020
 33% 
5
 5.36% 
 0.28% 

2019
 29% 
5
 3.28% 
 1.53% 

2018
 17% 
5
 2.61% 
 2.97% 

$  2.70 

$  5.12 

$  4.48 

There were 58,548 options that vested during the year ended September 30, 2020 with a total fair value of $176,000.  There 
were 77,540 options that vested during the year ended September 30, 2019 with a total fair value of $203,000. There were 
76,450 options that vested during the year ended September 30, 2018 with a total fair value of $181,000. 

At September 30, 2020, there were 159,192 unvested options with an aggregate grant date fair value of $571,000, all of which 
the Company assumes will vest.  The unvested options had an aggregate intrinsic value of $99,000 at September 30, 2020.  At 
September 30, 2019, there were 160,750 unvested options with an aggregate grant date fair value of $605,000.

117

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Timberland Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary
September 30, 2020 and 2019

Additional information regarding options outstanding at September 30, 2020 is as follows:

Range of
Exercise
Prices ($)

-  6.00 

-  10.71 
-  16.87 
-  27.14 

$ 4.01
5.86
   9.00
 10.26
 15.67
 26.50
 29.69   
 31.80

Options Outstanding

Options Exercisable

Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price 
4.01 
5.97 
9.00 
10.59 
16.41 
27.13 
29.69 
31.80 
18.45 

Number

1,000  $ 
19,100 
37,425 
89,064 
110,150 
45,240 
51,800 
41,570 
395,349  $ 

Weighted
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Life (Years)

1.2  
2.1  
3.1  
4.6  
8.5  
9.0  
7.0  
8.0  
6.6  

Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price
4.01 
5.97 
9.00 
10.59 
15.67 
27.14 
29.69 
31.80 
15.31 

Weighted
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Life (Years)
1.2
2.1
3.1
4.6
6.0
9.0
7.0
8.0
5.1

Number

1,000  $ 
19,100 
37,425 
89,064 
32,500 
8,848 
31,400 
16,820 
236,157  $ 

The aggregate intrinsic value of options outstanding at September 30, 2020, 2019 and 2018 was $1,416,000, $3,854,000, and 
$5,813,000, respectively.

As of September 30, 2020, unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested stock options was $595,000, which is 
expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 2.36 years.

Note 17 - Commitments and Contingencies

In the normal course of business the Company is party to financial instruments with off-balance-sheet risk to meet the financing 
needs of its customers.  These financial instruments include commitments to extend credit.  These instruments involve, to 
varying degrees, elements of credit risk not recognized in the consolidated balance sheets.  The Company’s exposure to credit 
loss in the event of nonperformance by the other party to the financial instrument for commitments to extend credit is 
represented by the contractual amount of those instruments.  The Bank uses the same credit policies in making commitments as 
it does for on-balance-sheet instruments.

Commitments to extend credit are agreements to lend to a customer as long as there is no violation of any condition established 
in the contract.  Since commitments may expire without being drawn upon, the total commitment amounts do not necessarily 
represent future cash requirements.  The Company evaluates each customer’s credit-worthiness on a case-by-case basis.  The 
amount of collateral obtained, if deemed necessary by the Company upon extension of credit, is based on management’s credit 
evaluation of the party.  However, such loan to value ratios will subsequently change, based on increases and decreases in the 
supporting collateral values.  Collateral held varies, but may include accounts receivable, inventory, property and equipment, 
residential real estate, land and income-producing commercial properties.

A summary of the Company’s commitments at September 30, 2020 and 2019 is as follows (dollars in thousands):

Undisbursed portion of construction loans in process (see Note 5)
Undisbursed lines of credit
Commitments to extend credit

2020

$  100,558  $ 
103,030 
38,581 

2019
92,226 
80,184 
16,578 

The Company maintains a separate reserve for losses related to unfunded loan commitments.  Management estimates the 
amount of probable losses related to unfunded loan commitments by applying the loss factors used in the allowance for loan 
loss methodology to an estimate of the expected amount of funding and applies this adjusted factor to the unused portion of 
unfunded loan commitments.  The reserve for unfunded loan commitments totaled $384,000 and $241,000 at September 30, 
2020 and 2019, respectively.  These amounts are included in other liabilities and accrued expenses in the accompanying 

118

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Timberland Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary
September 30, 2020 and 2019

consolidated balance sheets.  Increases (decreases) in the reserve for unfunded loan commitments are recorded in non-interest 
expense in the accompanying consolidated statements of income.

The Bank has an employee severance compensation plan which expires in 2027 and which provides severance pay benefits to 
eligible employees in the event of a change in control of Timberland Bancorp or the Bank (as defined in the plan).  In general, 
all employees with two or more years of service will be eligible to participate in the plan.  Under the plan, in the event of a 
change in control of Timberland Bancorp or the Bank, eligible employees who are terminated or who terminate employment 
(but only upon the occurrence of events specified in the plan) within 12 months of the effective date of a change in control 
would be entitled to a payment based on years of service or officer rank with the Bank.  The maximum payment for any eligible 
employee would be equal to 18 months of the employee’s current compensation.

The Company has employment agreements with the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer which provide for 
a severance payment and other benefits if the officers are involuntarily terminated following a change in control of the 
Company or the Bank.  The maximum value of the severance benefits under the employment agreements is 2.99 times the 
officer's average annual compensation during the five-year period prior to the effective date of the change in control.

Because of the nature of its activities, the Company is subject to various pending and threatened legal actions which arise in the 
ordinary course of business.  In the opinion of management, liabilities arising from these claims, if any, will not have a material 
effect on the consolidated financial position of the Company.

Note 18 - Regulatory Matters

The Bank, as a state-chartered, federally insured savings bank, is subject to the capital requirements established by the FDIC. 
Under the FDIC's capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, the Bank must meet 
specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of the Bank's assets, liabilities and certain off-balance-sheet items 
as calculated under regulatory accounting practices.  The Bank's capital amounts and classification are also subject to 
qualitative judgments by the regulators about components, risk weighting and other factors.  Failure to meet minimum capital 
requirements can initiate certain mandatory and possibly additional discretionary actions by bank regulators that, if undertaken, 
could have a direct material effect on the Company's consolidated financial statements. 

The minimum requirements are a common equity Tier 1 ("CET1") capital ratio of 4.5%, a Tier 1 capital ratio of 6.0%, a total 
capital ratio of 8.0% and a leverage ratio of 4.0%.  In addition to the minimum regulatory capital ratios, the Bank is required to 
maintain a capital conservation buffer consisting of additional CET1 capital greater than 2.5% of risk-weighted assets above the 
required minimum levels in order to avoid limitations on paying dividends, engaging in share repurchases, and paying 
discretionary bonuses based on percentages of retained income that could be utilized for such actions.  At September 30, 2020, 
the Bank's CET1 capital exceeded the required capital conservation buffer.

At September 30, 2020 and 2019, the Bank exceeded all regulatory capital requirements.  The Bank was categorized as "well 
capitalized" at September 30, 2020 and 2019 under the regulations of the FDIC.  The following tables compare the Bank’s 
actual capital amounts at September 30, 2020 and 2019 to its minimum regulatory capital requirements and "Well Capitalized" 
regulatory capital at those dates (dollars in thousands):

September 30, 2020

Actual

Regulatory Minimum 
To Be "Adequately 
Capitalized"

Regulatory MinimumTo 
Be "Well Capitalized" 
Under Prompt Corrective 
Action Provisions

Leverage Capital Ratio:
Tier 1 capital
Risk-based Capital Ratios:
Common equity Tier 1 capital
Tier 1 capital
Total capital

Amount

Ratio

Amount

Ratio

Amount

Ratio

$  168,937 

 11.1%  $  60,993 

 4.0%  $ 

76,241 

 5.0% 

  168,937 
  168,937 
  179,671 

 19.7 
 19.7 
 21.0 

38,504 
51,339 
68,452 

 4.5 
 6.0 
 8.0 

55,618 
68,452 
85,566 

 6.5 
 8.0 
 10.0 

119

 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Timberland Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary
September 30, 2020 and 2019

September 30, 2019

Actual

Regulatory Minimum 
To Be "Adequately 
Capitalized"

Amount

Ratio

Amount

Ratio

Regulatory Minimum To 
Be "Well Capitalized" 
Under Prompt Corrective 
Action Provisions
Ratio

Amount

Leverage Capital Ratio:
Tier 1 capital
Risk-based Capital Ratios:
Common equity Tier 1 capital
Tier 1 capital
Total capital

$  152,926 

 12.5%  $  49,044 

 4.0%  $ 

61,305 

 5.0% 

  152,926 
  152,926 
  162,857 

 18.1 
 18.1 
 19.3 

38,019 
50,692 
67,589 

 4.5 
 6.0 
 8.0 

54,916 
67,589 
84,487 

 6.5 
 8.0 
 10.0 

Timberland Bancorp is a bank holding company registered with the Federal Reserve.  Bank holding companies are subject to 
capital adequacy requirements of the Federal Reserve under the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956, as amended, and the 
regulations of the Federal Reserve.  For a bank holding company with less than $3.0 billion in assets, the capital guidelines 
apply on a bank only basis, and the Federal Reserve expects the holding company's subsidiary bank to be well capitalized under 
the prompt corrective action regulations.  If Timberland Bancorp were subject to regulatory guidelines for bank holding 
companies with $3.0 billion or more in assets at September 30, 2020, Timberland Bancorp would have exceeded all regulatory 
requirements. 

The following table presents the regulatory capital ratios for Timberland Bancorp at September 30, 2020 and 2019 assuming 
Timberland Bancorp was subject to regulatory guidelines for bank holding companies with $3.0 billion or more in assets 
(dollars in thousands):

Leverage Capital Ratio:
Tier 1 capital
Risk-based Capital Ratios:
Common equity Tier 1 capital
Tier 1 capital
Total capital

2020

2019

Amount

Ratio

Amount

Ratio

$  172,000 

 11.3% 

$  155,468 

 12.7% 

  172,000 
  172,000 
  182,805 

 20.1 
 20.1 
 21.3 

  155,468 
  155,468 
  165,399 

 18.4 
 18.4 
 19.6 

Note 19 - Condensed Financial Information - Parent Company Only
Condensed Balance Sheets - September 30, 2020 and 2019 
(dollars in thousands)

Assets

Cash and cash equivalents:

Cash and due from financial institutions
Interest-bearing deposits in banks
      Total cash and cash equivalents

Investment securities held to maturity, at amortized cost (estimated fair value $499)
Investment in Bank
Other assets
Total assets

Liabilities and shareholders’ equity

Accrued expenses
Shareholders’ equity
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity

120

2020

2019

$ 

505  $ 

2,128 
2,633 

336 
2,555 
2,891 

500 
184,567 
23 

— 
168,525 
15 
$  187,723  $  171,431 

$ 

93  $ 

364 
171,067 
$  187,723  $  171,431 

187,630 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Timberland Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary
September 30, 2020 and 2019

Condensed Statements of Income - Years Ended September 30, 2020, 2019 and 2018 
(dollars in thousands)

Operating income

Interest on deposits in banks
Interest on loan receivable from ESOP
Interest on investment securities
Dividends from Bank
Total operating income

Operating expenses

Income before income taxes and equity in undistributed
    income of Bank
Benefit for income taxes

Income before undistributed income of Bank

Equity in undistributed income of Bank    
Net income

2020

2019

2018

$ 

26  $ 
— 
5 
8,762 
8,793 

67  $ 
9 
— 
6,607 
6,683 

554 

525 

8,239 
(186)   

6,158 
(169)   

8,425 

6,327 

37 
53 
— 
4,429 
4,519 

591 

3,928 
(198) 

4,126 

15,844 
24,269  $ 

17,693 
24,020  $ 

12,595 
16,721 

$ 

Condensed Statements of Cash Flows - Years Ended September 30, 2020, 2019 and 2018 
(dollars in thousands)

Cash flows from operating activities

Net income 

  Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
     Equity in undistributed income of Bank

Earned ESOP shares
Stock option compensation expense
Other, net
Net cash provided by operating activities

Cash flows from investing activities

Investment in Bank
Purchase of investment securities held to maturity
Principal repayments on loan receivable from ESOP
Cash acquired, net of cash consideration paid in business combination
Net cash used in investing activities

Cash flows from financing activities

Proceeds from exercise of stock options
Repurchase of common stock
Payment of dividends
Net cash used in financing activities

2020

2019

2018

$ 

24,269  $ 

24,020  $ 

16,721 

(15,844)   

31 
182 
(279)   
8,359 

(17,693)   
441 
159 
9 
6,936 

(12,595) 
882 
172 
280 
5,460 

(187)   
(500)   
— 
— 
(687)   

(14,915)   

— 
285 
14,284 

(346)   

391 
(1,238)   
(7,083)   
(7,930)   

401 
(499)   
(6,495)   
(6,593)   

(1,271) 
— 
536 
— 
(735) 

318 
— 
(4,431) 
(4,113) 

Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents

(258)   

(3)   

612 

Cash and cash equivalents

Beginning of year
End of year

2,891 
2,633  $ 

2,894 
2,891  $ 

2,282 
2,894 

$ 

121

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Timberland Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary
September 30, 2020 and 2019

Note 20 - Net Income Per Common Share

Information  regarding  the  calculation  of  basic  and  diluted  net  income  per  common  share  for  the  years  ended  September  30, 
2020, 2019 and 2018 is as follows (dollars in thousands, except per share amounts):

Basic net income per common share computation

Numerator - net income 

2020

2019

2018

$ 

24,269  $ 

24,020  $ 

16,721 

  Denominator - weighted average common shares outstanding

  8,326,600 

  8,318,928 

  7,334,577 

Basic net income per common share

$ 

2.91  $ 

2.89  $ 

2.28 

Diluted net income per common share computation

Numerator - net income 

  Denominator - weighted average common shares outstanding

Effect of dilutive stock options (1)

$ 

24,269  $ 

24,020  $ 

16,721 

  8,326,600 
95,886 

  8,318,928 
149,298 

  7,334,577 
191,767 

  Weighted average common shares outstanding-assuming dilution

  8,422,486 

  8,468,226 

  7,526,344 

Diluted net income per common share

$ 

2.88  $ 

2.84  $ 

2.22 

___________________
(1) For the years ended September 30, 2020, 2019 and 2018, average options to purchase 131,186, 102,920 and 29,581 shares 
of common stock, respectively, were outstanding but not included in the computation of diluted net income per common share 
because their effect would have been anti-dilutive. 

Note 21 - Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

The changes in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) ("AOCI") by component during the years ended September 30, 
2020, 2019 and 2018 are as follows (dollars in thousands):

Changes in fair 
value of available for 
sale securities [1]

Changes in OTTI on 
held to maturity 
securities [1]

Total [1]

2020
Balance of AOCI at the beginning of period

Other comprehensive income (loss)
Balance of AOCI at the end of period

2019
Balance of AOCI at the beginning of period

Other comprehensive income

Adoption of ASU 2016-01

Balance of AOCI at the end of period

2018
Balance of AOCI at the beginning of period

Other comprehensive income (loss)

Balance of AOCI at the end of period

___________________
[1] All amounts are net of income taxes.

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

122

90 
(3) 
87 

$ 

$ 

(58)  $ 

85 

63 

90 

$ 

$ 

(19)  $ 

(39) 

(58)  $ 

(40)  $ 
14 
(26)  $ 

(71)  $ 

31 

—  $ 

(40)  $ 

(105)  $ 

34 

(71)  $ 

50 
11 
61 

(129) 

116 

63 

50 

(124) 

(5) 

(129) 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Timberland Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary
September 30, 2020 and 2019

Note 22 - Fair Value Measurements

Fair value is defined under GAAP as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (exit 
price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market 
participants on the measurement date.  GAAP requires that valuation techniques maximize the use of observable inputs and 
minimize the use of unobservable inputs.  GAAP also establishes a fair value hierarchy which prioritizes the valuation inputs 
into three broad levels.  Based on the underlying inputs, each fair value measurement in its entirety is reported in one of three 
levels.  These levels are:

Level 1: Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the reporting entity has the 
ability to access at the measurement date.

Level 2: Significant observable inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1, such as quoted prices for 
similar (as opposed to identical) assets or liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or 
liabilities in markets that are not active, and inputs other than quoted prices that are observable or can be corroborated 
by observable market data.

Level 3: Significant unobservable inputs that reflect a company’s own assumptions about the assumptions market 
participants would use in pricing an asset or liability based on the best information available in the circumstances.

The Company's assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis consist of investment securities available for sale and 
investments in equity securities.  The estimated fair values of MBS are based upon market prices of similar securities or 
observable inputs (Level 2).  The estimated fair values of mutual funds are based upon quoted market prices (Level 1).

The Company had no liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis at September 30, 2020 and 2019.  The Company's 
assets measured at estimated fair value on a recurring basis at September 30, 2020 and 2019 are as follows (dollars in 
thousands):

September 30, 2020
Available for sale investment securities
MBS: U.S. government agencies

Investments in equity securities

Mutual funds

Total

September 30, 2019
Available for sale investment securities
     MBS: U.S. government agencies
Investments in equity securities
     Mutual funds
Total

Level 1

Estimated Fair Value
Level 3
Level 2

Total

—  $ 

57,907  $ 

—  $ 

57,907 

977 
977  $ 

— 
57,907  $ 

— 
—  $ 

977 
58,884 

—  $ 

22,532  $ 

—  $ 

22,532 

958 
958  $ 

— 
22,532  $ 

— 
—  $ 

958 
23,490 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

There were no transfers among Level 1, Level 2 and Level 3 during the years ended September 30, 2020 and 2019.

The Company may be required, from time to time, to measure certain assets and liabilities at fair value on a non-recurring basis 
in accordance with GAAP.  These include assets that are measured at the lower of cost or market value that were recognized at 
fair value below cost at the end of the period.

The Company uses the following methods and significant assumptions to estimate fair value on a non-recurring basis:

Impaired Loans: The estimated fair value of impaired loans is calculated using the collateral value method or on a 
discounted cash flow basis.  The specific reserve for collateral dependent impaired loans is based on the estimated fair 
value of the collateral less estimated costs to sell, if applicable.  In some cases, adjustments are made to the appraised 
values due to various factors including age of the appraisal, age of comparables included in the appraisal and known 

123

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Timberland Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary
September 30, 2020 and 2019

changes in the market and in the collateral. Such adjustments may be significant and typically result in a Level 3 
classification of the inputs for determining fair value. Impaired loans are evaluated on a quarterly basis for additional 
impairment and adjusted accordingly.

Investment Securities Held to Maturity: The estimated fair value of investment securities held to maturity is based 
upon the assumptions market participants would use in pricing the investment security.  Such assumptions include 
quoted market prices (Level 1), market prices of similar securities or observable inputs (Level 2) and unobservable 
inputs such as dealer quotes, discounted cash flows or similar techniques (Level 3).

OREO and Other Repossessed Assets, net:  OREO and other repossessed assets are recorded at estimated fair value 
less estimated costs to sell.  Estimated fair value is generally determined by management based on a number of factors, 
including third-party appraisals of estimated fair value in an orderly sale.  Estimated costs to sell are based on standard 
market factors.  The valuation of OREO and other repossessed assets is subject to significant external and internal 
judgment (Level 3).

The following table summarizes the balances of assets measured at estimated fair value on a non-recurring basis at September 
30, 2020 (dollars in thousands):

Impaired loans:

Mortgage loans:

One- to four-family
Commercial business loans
Total impaired loans

Investment securities – held to maturity:

MBS - Private label residential

OREO and other repossessed assets
Total

Estimated Fair Value

Level 1

Level 2

Level 3

$ 

$ 

— 
— 
— 

— 
— 
— 

$ 

$ 

— 
— 
— 

8 
— 
8 

$ 

$ 

481 
210 
691 

— 
1,050 
1,741 

The following table presents quantitative information about Level 3 fair value measurements for financial instruments measured 
at fair value on a non-recurring basis as of September 30, 2020 (dollars in thousands):

Estimated 
Fair Value

 Valuation 
Technique(s)

Unobservable Input(s)

Range

Impaired loans

$ 

691  Market approach

OREO and other repossessed 
assets

1,050  Market approach

Appraised value less estimated 
selling costs

Lower of appraised value or
listing price less estimated selling 
costs

NA

NA

124

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Timberland Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary
September 30, 2020 and 2019

The following table summarizes the balances of assets measured at estimated fair value on a non-recurring basis at September 
30, 2019 (dollars in thousands):

Impaired loans:

Mortgage loans:
Land

Consumer loans:
Other

Commercial business loans
Total impaired loans

Investment securities – held to maturity:

MBS - Private label residential

OREO and other repossessed assets
Total

Level 1

Estimated Fair Value
Level 2

Level 3

$ 

— 

$ 

— 

$ 

— 
— 
— 

— 
— 
— 

$ 

— 
— 
— 

2 
— 
2 

$ 

$ 

114 

6 
408 
528 

— 
1,683 
2,211 

The following table presents quantitative information about Level 3 fair value measurements for financial instruments measured 
at fair value on a non-recurring basis as of September 30, 2019 (dollars in thousands):

Estimated 
Fair Value

 Valuation 
Technique(s)

Unobservable Input(s)

 Range

Impaired loans

$ 

528  Market approach

OREO and other repossessed 
assets

1,683  Market approach

Appraised value less estimated 
selling costs

Lower of appraised value or
listing price less estimated selling 
costs

NA

NA

GAAP requires disclosure of estimated fair values for financial instruments.  Such estimates are subjective in nature, and 
significant judgment is required regarding the risk characteristics of various financial instruments at a discrete point in 
time.  Therefore, such estimates could vary significantly if assumptions regarding uncertain factors were to change.  In addition, 
as the Company normally intends to hold the majority of its financial instruments until maturity, it does not expect to realize 
many of the estimated amounts disclosed.  The disclosures also do not include estimated fair value amounts for certain items 
which are not defined as financial instruments but which may have significant value.  The Company does not believe that it 
would be practicable to estimate a fair value for these types of items as of September 30, 2020 and 2019.  Because GAAP 
excludes certain items from fair value disclosure requirements, any aggregation of the fair value amounts presented would not 
represent the underlying value of the Company.  Additionally, in accordance with ASU 2016-01, which the Company adopted 
on October 1, 2018 on a prospective basis, the Company uses the exit price notion in calculating the fair values of financial 
instruments not measured at fair value on a recurring basis.

125

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Timberland Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary
September 30, 2020 and 2019

The recorded amounts and estimated fair values of financial instruments were as follows as of September 30, 2020 (dollars in 
thousands):

 Recorded
Amount

Estimated 
Fair Value

Fair Value Measurements Using:

 Level 1

Level 2

 Level 3

Financial Assets

Cash and cash equivalents
CDs held for investment
Investment securities
Investments in equity securities
FHLB stock
Other investments
Loans held for sale
Loans receivable, net
Accrued interest receivable

Financial Liabilities

Certificates of deposit
Accrued interest payable

$  314,452  $  314,452  $  314,452  $ 
65,545 
87,734 
977 
1,922 
3,000 
4,664 
  1,034,876 
4,484 

65,545 
85,797 
977 
1,922 
3,000 
4,509 
  1,013,875 
4,484 

65,545 
— 
977 
1,922 
3,000 
4,664 
— 
4,484 

—  $ 
— 
87,235 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 

— 
— 
499 
— 
— 
— 
— 
  1,034,876 
— 

158,524 
274 

160,921 
274 

— 
274 

— 
— 

160,921 
— 

The recorded amounts and estimated fair values of financial instruments were as follows as of September 30, 2019 (dollars in 
thousands):

 Recorded
Amount

Estimated 
Fair Value

Fair Value Measurements Using:

 Level 1

Level 2

 Level 3

Financial Assets

Cash and cash equivalents
CDs held for investment
Investment securities
Investment in equity securities 
FHLB stock
Other investments
Loans held for sale
Loans receivable, net
Accrued interest receivable

Financial Liabilities

Certificates of deposit
Accrued interest payable

$  143,015  $  143,015  $  143,015  $ 
78,346 
55,112 
958 
1,437 
3,000 
6,260 
892,495 
3,598 

78,346 
53,634 
958 
1,437 
3,000 
6,071 
886,662 
3,598 

78,346 
3,949 
958 
1,437 
3,000 
6,260 
— 
3,598 

—  $ 
— 
51,163 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 

— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
892,495 
— 

165,655 
333 

166,852 
333 

— 
333 

— 
— 

166,852 
— 

The Company assumes interest rate risk (the risk that general interest rate levels will change) as a result of its normal 
operations.  As a result, the estimated fair value of the Company’s financial instruments will change when interest rate levels 
change, and that change may either be favorable or unfavorable to the Company.  Management attempts to match maturities of 
assets and liabilities to the extent believed necessary to appropriately manage interest rate risk.  However, borrowers with fixed 
interest rate obligations are less likely to prepay in a rising interest rate environment and more likely to prepay in a falling 
interest rate environment.  Conversely, depositors who are receiving fixed interest rates are more likely to withdraw funds 
before maturity in a rising interest rate environment and less likely to do so in a falling interest rate environment.  Management 
monitors interest rates and maturities of assets and liabilities, and attempts to manage interest rate risk by adjusting terms of 
new loans and deposits and by investing in securities with terms that mitigate the Company’s overall interest rate risk.

126

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Timberland Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary
September 30, 2020 and 2019

Note 23 - Selected Quarterly Financial Data (Unaudited)

The following selected financial data is presented for the quarters ended (dollars in thousands, except per share amounts):

Interest and dividend income
Interest expense
Net interest income

Provision for loan losses
Non-interest income
Non-interest expense (1)

Income before income taxes

Provision for income taxes
Net income

Net income per common share

Basic (2)
Diluted 

$ 

September 30,
2020
13,593  $ 
(1,073)   
12,520 

June 30,
2020
13,668  $ 
(1,188)   
12,480 

March 31,
2020
14,131  $ 
(1,251)   
12,880 

December 31,
2019
14,191 
(1,189) 
13,002 

500 
4,715 
(8,743)   

1,000 
4,855 
(8,661)   

2,000 
3,680 
(8,286)   

7,992 

7,674 

6,274 

1,635 
6,357  $ 

1,463 
6,211  $ 

1,225 
5,049  $ 

200 
3,938 
(8,373) 

8,367 

1,715 
6,652 

0.76  $ 
0.76  $ 

0.75  $ 
0.74  $ 

0.61  $ 
0.60  $ 

0.80 
0.78 

$ 

$ 
$ 

__________________________________________
(1) During the quarters ended December 31, 2019, March 31, 2020, June 30, 2020 and September 30, 2020, the Company 
incurred expenses related to the acquisition of South Sound Bank of $0, $2, $0, and $0, respectively.
(2) The net income per common share amounts for the quarters do not add to the total for the fiscal year due to rounding.

Interest and dividend income
Interest expense
Net interest income

Non-interest income
Non-interest expense (1)

Income before income taxes

Provision for income taxes
Net income

Net income per common share

Basic 
Diluted (2)

$ 

September 30,
2019
14,384  $ 
(1,233)   
13,151 

June 30,
2019
14,185  $ 
(1,248)   
12,937 

March 31,
2019
13,841  $ 
(1,113)   
12,728 

December 31,
2018
13,315 
(971) 
12,344 

3,597 
(8,774)   

3,538 
(8,967)   

3,940 
(9,277)   

7,974 

7,508 

7,391 

1,639 
6,335  $ 

1,552 
5,956  $ 

1,277 
6,114  $ 

3,266 
(8,562) 

7,048 

1,433 
5,615 

0.76  $ 
0.75  $ 

0.71  $ 
0.70  $ 

0.74  $ 
0.72  $ 

0.68 
0.66 

$ 

$ 
$ 

__________________________________________
(1) During the quarters ended December 31, 2018, March 31, 2019, June 30, 2019, and September 30, 2019, the Company 
incurred expenses related to the acquisition of South Sound Bank of $64, $55, $328, and $15, respectively.
(2) The net income per common share amounts for the quarters do not add to the total for the fiscal year due to rounding.

127

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Timberland Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary
September 30, 2020 and 2019

Note 24 - Revenue from Contracts with Customers

In accordance with ASC 606, revenues are recognized when control of promised goods or services is transferred to customers in 
an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services.  To 
determine revenue recognition for arrangements that the Company determines are within the scope of ASC 606, the Company 
performs the following five steps: (i) identify the contract(s) with a customer; (ii) identify the performance obligations in the 
contract; (iii) determine the transaction price; (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; 
and (v) recognize revenue when (or as) the Company satisfies a performance obligation.  The Company only applies the five-
step model to contracts when it is probable that the Company will collect the consideration it is entitled to in exchange for the 
goods or services it transfers to the customer.  At contract inception, once the contract is determined to be within the scope of 
ASC 606, the Company assesses the goods or services that are promised within each contract and identifies those that contain 
performance obligations, and assesses whether each promised good or service is distinct. The Company then recognizes as 
revenue the amount of the transaction price that is allocated to the respective performance obligation when (or as) the 
performance obligation is satisfied. 

ASC 606 applies to all contracts with customers to provide goods or services in the ordinary course of business, except for 
contracts that are specifically excluded from its scope.  The majority of the Company's revenues are composed of interest 
income, deferred loan fee accretion, premium/discount accretion, gains on sales of loans and investments, BOLI net earnings, 
servicing income on loans sold and other loan fee income, which are not in the scope of ASC 606.  Revenue reported as service 
charges on deposits, ATM and debit card interchange transaction fees, merchant services fees, non-deposit investment fees and 
escrow fees are within the scope of ASC 606.  All of the Company's revenue from contracts with customers in the scope of 
ASC 606 is recognized in non-interest income with the exception of gains on sale of OREO and gains on sales/disposition of 
premises and equipment, which are included in non-interest expense.  For the year ended September 30, 2020, the Company 
recognized $4,147,000 in services charges on deposits, $4,378,000 in ATM and debit card interchange fees, $273,000 in escrow 
fees and $22,000 in fee income from non-deposit investment sales, all considered within the scope of ASC 606. For the year 
ended September 30, 2019, the Company recognized $4,904,000 in service charges on deposits, $4,036,000 in ATM and debit 
card interchange fees, $197,000 in escrow fees and $46,000 in fee income from non-deposit investment sales, all considered 
within the scope of ASC 606.

Descriptions of the Company's revenue-generating activities that are within the scope of ASC 606 are as follows:

•

•

•

•

Service Charges on Deposits: The Company earns fees from its deposit customers from a variety of deposit products 
and services.  Non-transaction based fees such as account maintenance fees and monthly statement fees are considered 
to be provided to the customer under a day-to-day contract with ongoing renewals.  Revenue for these non-transaction 
fees are earned over the course of a month, representing the period over which the Company satisfies the performance 
obligation.  Transaction-based fees such as non-sufficient fund charges, stop payment charges and wire fees are 
recognized at the time the transaction is executed as the contract duration does not extend beyond the service 
performed.

ATM and Debit Card Interchange Transaction Fees: The Company earns fees from cardholder transactions 
conducted through third party payment network providers which consist of interchange fees earned from the payment 
networks as a debit card issuer.  These fees are recognized when the transaction occurs, but may settle on a daily or 
monthly basis.

Escrow Fees: The Company earns fees from real estate escrow contracts with customers.  The Company receives and 
disburses money and/or property per the customer's contract. Fees are recognized when the escrow contract closes.

Fee income from Non-Deposit Investment Sales: The Company earns fees from contracts with customers for 
investment activities.  Revenues are generally recognized on a monthly basis and are generally based on a percentage 
of the customer's assets under management or based on investment solutions that are implemented for the customer.

128

Item 9.  Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure

None.

Item 9A.  Controls and Procedures

(a)           Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures: An evaluation of the Company’s disclosure controls and 
procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”)) was carried out under 
the supervision and with the participation of the Company’s Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer and several other 
members  of  the  Company’s  senior  management  as  of  the  end  of  the  period  covered  by  this  annual  report.    The  Company’s 
Chief  Executive  Officer  and  Chief  Financial  Officer  concluded  that  as  of  September  30,  2020  the  Company’s  disclosure 
controls and procedures were effective in ensuring that the information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports 
it files or submits under the Exchange Act is (i) accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management (including the 
Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer) in a timely manner, and (ii) recorded, processed, summarized and reported 
within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms.

(b)           Changes in Internal Controls:  There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as 
defined  in  13a-15(f)  of  the  Exchange  Act)  that  occurred  during  the  quarter  ended  September  30,  2020,  that  have  materially 
affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.  The Company continued, 
however,  to  implement  suggestions  from  its  internal  auditor  and  independent  auditor  on  ways  to  strengthen  existing 
controls.    The  Company  does  not  expect  that  its  disclosure  controls  and  procedures  and  internal  controls  over  financial 
reporting will prevent all errors and fraud.  A control procedure, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only 
reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control procedure are met.  Because of the inherent limitations in 
all control procedures, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if 
any, within the Company have been detected.  These inherent limitations include the realities that judgments in decision-making 
can  be  faulty,  and  that  breakdowns  in  controls  or  procedures  can  occur  because  of  simple  error  or  mistake.    Additionally, 
controls can be circumvented by the individual acts of some persons, by collusion of two or more people, or by management 
override of the control.  The design of any control procedure is based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of 
future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future 
conditions;  over  time,  controls  become  inadequate  because  of  changes  in  conditions,  or  the  degree  of  compliance  with  the 
policies or procedures may deteriorate.  Because of the inherent limitations in a cost-effective control procedure, misstatements 
due to error or fraud may occur and not be detected.

Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

Management of Timberland Bancorp, Inc. (the “Company”) is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate 
internal control over financial reporting as defined in Rule 13(a)-15(f) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.  The Company's 
internal  control  over  financial  reporting  is  designed  to  provide  reasonable  assurance  regarding  the  reliability  of  financial 
reporting  and  the  preparation  of  financial  statements  for  external  purposes  in  accordance  with  generally  accepted  accounting 
principles.

To  comply  with  the  requirements  of  Section  404  of  the  Sarbanes-Oxley  Act  of  2002,  the  Company  designed  and 
implemented a structured and comprehensive assessment process to evaluate its internal control over financial reporting across 
the  enterprise.  The  assessment  of  the  effectiveness  of  the  Company's  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  was  based  on 
criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of 
the Treadway Commission.

The  Company's  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  includes  policies  and  procedures  that  (i)  pertain  to  the 
maintenance    of  records  that,  in  reasonable  detail,  accurately  and  fairly  reflect  the  transactions  of  the  Company;  (ii)  provide 
reasonable  assurance  that  transactions  are  recorded  as  necessary  to  permit  preparation  of  financial  statements  in  accordance 
with  generally  accepted  accounting  principles,  and  that  receipts  and  expenditures  of  the  Company  are  being  made  only  in 
accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the Company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding 
prevention  or  timely  detection  of  unauthorized  acquisition,  use,  or  disposition  of  the  Company's  assets  that  could  have  a 
material effect on the financial statements.

A control procedure, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance 
that  the  objectives  of  the  control  system  are  met.    Also,  because  of  the  inherent  limitations  in  all  control  procedures,  no 
evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within the Company 
have been detected.  Additionally, in designing disclosure controls and procedures, our management was required to apply its 

129

judgment  in  evaluating  the  cost-benefit  relationship  of  possible  disclosure  controls  and  procedures.    The  design  of  any 
disclosure  controls  and  procedures  is  also  based  in  part  upon  certain  assumptions  about  the  likelihood  of  future  events,  and 
there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions.  As a 
result  of  these  inherent  limitations,  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  may  not  prevent  or  detect  misstatements.  
Furthermore,  projections  of  any  evaluation  of  effectiveness  to  future  periods  are  subject  to  risk  that  controls  may  become 
inadequate because of changes in conditions or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

Based on its assessment, management has concluded that the Company's internal control over financial reporting was 

effective as of September 30, 2020.

The  management  of  the  Company  has  assessed  the  Company's  compliance  with  the  Federal  laws  and  regulations 
pertaining  to  insider  loans  and  the  Federal  and,  if  applicable,  State  laws  and  regulations  pertaining  to  dividend  restrictions 
during  the  fiscal  year  that  ended  on  September  30,  2020.    Management  has  concluded  that  the  Company  complied  with  the 
Federal laws and regulations pertaining to insider loans and the Federal and, if applicable, State laws and regulations.

Date: December 9, 2020

/s/ Michael R. Sand
Michael R. Sand 
President and Chief Executive Officer

/s/ Dean J. Brydon
Dean J. Brydon
Chief Financial Officer

130

Item 9B.  Other Information

None.

Item 10.  Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance

PART III

The information required by this item is contained under the section captioned “Proposal I - Election of Directors” in 
the  Company’s  Definitive  Proxy  Statement  for  the  2020  Annual  Meeting  of  Stockholders  (“Proxy  Statement”)  and  is 
incorporated herein by reference.

For  information  regarding  the  executive  officers  of  the  Company  and  the  Bank,  see  “Item  1.    Business  -  Executive 

Officers of the Registrant.”

Compliance with Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act

The information required by this item is contained under the section captioned “Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership 

Reporting Compliance” included  in the Company’s Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference.

Audit Committee Matters and Audit Committee Financial Expert

The Company has a separately designated standing Audit Committee, which as of September 30, 2020 was composed 
of Directors Stoney, Smith, and Davis.  Each member of the Audit Committee is “independent” as defined in the Nasdaq Stock 
Market listing standards.  The Company’s Board of Directors has designated Director Stoney as the Audit Committee financial 
expert, as defined in the SEC’s Regulation S-K.  Directors Stoney, Smith,and Davis are independent as that term is used in Item 
7(c) of Schedule 14A promulgated under the Exchange Act.

Code of Ethics

The Board of Directors ratified its Code of Ethics for the Company’s officers (including its senior financial officers), 
directors  and  employees  during  the  year  ended  September  30,  2020.    The  Code  of  Ethics  requires  the  Company’s  officers, 
directors and employees to maintain the highest standards of professional conduct.  The Company’s Code of Ethics was filed as 
an  exhibit  to  its  Annual  Report  on  Form  10-K  for  the  year  ended  September  30,  2003  and  is  available  on  our  website  at 
www.timberlandbank.com.

Nomination Procedures

There  have  been  no  material  changes  to  the  procedures  by  which  stockholders  may  recommend  nominees  to  the 

Company’s Board of Directors.

Item 11.    Executive Compensation

The  information  required  by  this  item  is  contained  under  the  sections  captioned  “Executive  Compensation”  and 

“Directors’ Compensation” included in the Company’s Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference.

Item 12.    Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters

(a)

Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners.

The  information  required  by  this  item  is  contained  under  the  section  captioned  “Security  Ownership  of  Certain  Beneficial 
Owners and Management” included in the Company’s Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference.

(b)

Security Ownership of Management.

The  information  required  by  this  item  is  contained  under  the  sections  captioned  “Security  Ownership  of  Certain  Beneficial 
Owners  and  Management”  and  “Proposal  I  -  Election  of  Directors”  included  in  the  Company’s  Proxy  Statement  and  is 
incorporated herein by reference.

131

(c)

Changes In Control.

The  Company  is  not  aware  of  any  arrangements,  including  any  pledge  by  any  person  of  securities  of  the  Company,  the 
operation of which may at a subsequent date result in a change in control of the Company.

(d)

Equity Compensation Plan Information.

Equity Compensation Plan Information

The following table summarizes share and exercise price information about the Company’s equity compensation plans 

as of September 30, 2020:

Number of securities to be 
issued upon exercise of 
outstanding options, 
warrants and rights
(a)

Weighted-average exercise 
price of outstanding 
options, warrants and 
rights
(b)

Number of securities 
remaining available for 
future issuance under 
equity compensation plans 
(excluding securities 
reflected in column (a))
(c)

Plan category

Equity compensation plans
 approved by security holders:
2003 Stock Option Plan

Timberland Bancorp, Inc. 2014
 Equity Incentive Plan:

Timberland Bancorp, Inc. 2019 
Equity Incentive Plan:
Equity compensation plans
 not approved by security holders

69,525 

$  

275,324 

50,500 

— 

8.33 

21.29 

16.87 

— 

18.45 

— 

25,556 

299,500 

— 

325,056 

Total

395,349 

$  

Item 13.    Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence

The  information  required  by  this  item  is  contained  under  the  sections  captioned  “Meetings  and  Committees  of  the  Board  of 
Directors  And  Corporate  Governance  Matters  -  Corporate  Governance  -  Related  Party  Transactions”  and  “Meetings  and 
Committees  of  the  Board  of  Directors  and  Corporate  Governance  Matters  -  Corporate  Governance  -  Director  Independence” 
included in the Company's Proxy Statement and are incorporated herein by reference.

Item 14.  Principal Accounting Fees and Services

The  information  required  by  this  item  is  contained  under  the  section  captioned  “Proposal  3  -  Ratification  of  Selection  of 
Independent Auditor” included in the Company’s Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference.

132

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Item 15.  Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules

(a) 

Exhibits

PART IV

2.1

Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of May 22, 2018, by and between Timberland Bancorp, Timberland 
Bank and South Sound Bank (1)
Articles of Incorporation of the Registrant (2)
Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Registrant (3)
Form of Certificate of Timberland Bancorp, Inc. Common Stock (4)
Description of Capital Stock of Timberland Bancorp, Inc. (5)

3.1
3.2
4.1
4.2
Employee Severance Compensation Plan, as revised (6)
10.1
Employee Stock Ownership Plan (6)
10.2
2003 Stock Option Plan (7)
10.3
Form of Incentive Stock Option Agreement (7)
10.4
Form of Non-qualified Stock Option Agreement (8)
10.5
Form of Management Recognition and Development Award Agreement (8)
10.6
Employment Agreement with Michael R. Sand (9)
10.7
Employment Agreement with Dean J. Brydon (9)
10.8
10.9
Timberland Bancorp, Inc. 2014 Equity Incentive Plan (10)
10.10 Timberland Bancorp, Inc. 2019 Equity Incentive Plan (11)
10.11
Form of Incentive Stock Option Agreement (12)
10.12
Form of Non-qualified Stock Option Agreement (12)
10.13
Form of Restricted Stock Grant Agreement (12) 
14
Code of Ethics (13)
21
Subsidiaries of the Registrant*
23.1
31.1
31.2
32
101

Consent of Delap LLP*
Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act*
Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act* 
Certification Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act*

The following materials from Timberland Bancorp, Inc.’s  Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended 
September 30, 2020, formatted in Extensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL): (a) Consolidated Balance 
Sheets; (b) Consolidated Statements of Income; (c) Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income; (d) 
Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity; (e) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows; and (f) Notes to 
Consolidated Financial Statements 

___________
*          Copies of these exhibits are available  upon written request to Dean J. Brydon, Secretary, Timberland Bancorp, Inc., 
            624 Simpson Avenue, Hoquiam, Washington 98550 
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)

Incorporated by reference to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K filed May 23, 2018.
Filed as an exhibit to the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form S-1 (333-35817) and incorporated by reference.
Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed October 1, 2018.
Filed as an exhibit to the Registrant's Statement on Form S-1 (333-35817) and incorporated by reference.
Incorporated by reference to the Registrant's Annual Report on Form 10-K for year ended September 30, 2019.
Incorporated by reference to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K filed April 16, 2007.
Incorporated by reference to the Registrant's 2004 Annual Meeting Proxy Statement dated December 24, 2003.
Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.2 included in the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form
S-8(333-116163).
Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Current Report of Form 8-K filed on March 29, 2013.
Attached as Appendix A to the Registrant's Annual Meeting Proxy Statement filed on December 19, 2014.
Attached as Appendix A to the Registrant's Annual Meeting Proxy Statement filed on December 18, 2019.
Incorporated by reference and included in the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form S-8 (333-240040).
Incorporated by reference to the Registrant's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended September 30, 2003.

(9)
(10)
(11)
(12)
(13)

Item 16. Form 10-K Summary

None.

133

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly 

caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

SIGNATURES

TIMBERLAND BANCORP, INC.

Date: December 9, 2020

By:

 /s/Michael R. Sand
Michael R. Sand
President and Chief Executive Officer

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the 

following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

SIGNATURES

/s/Michael R. Sand
Michael R. Sand

/s/Jon C. Parker
Jon C. Parker

/s/Dean J. Brydon
Dean J. Brydon

/s/Andrea M. Clinton
Andrea M. Clinton

/s/James A. Davis
James A. Davis

/s/Larry D. Goldberg
Larry D. Goldberg

 /s/Kathy D. Leodler
Kathy D. Leodler

/s/David A. Smith
David A. Smith

/s/Michael J. Stoney
Michael J. Stoney

/s/Kelly A. Suter
Kelly A. Suter

TITLE

President, Chief Executive Officer and
Director
(Principal Executive Officer)

Chairman of the Board

Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

Director

Director

Director

Director

Director

Director

Director

DATE

December 9, 2020

December 9, 2020

December 9, 2020

December 9, 2020

December 9, 2020

December 9, 2020

December 9, 2020

December 9, 2020

December 9, 2020

December 9, 2020

134

[This page intentionally left blank.] 

[This page intentionally left blank.] 

DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS 
TIMBERLAND BANCORP, INC.

OFFICERS: 

Michael R. Sand
President and Chief Executive Officer

Edward C. Foster
Executive Vice President

Marci A. Basich
Senior Vice President

Dean J. Brydon
Executive Vice President

Robert A. Drugge
Executive Vice President

Jonathan A. Fischer
Executive Vice President

DIRECTORS:
DIRECTORS:

Jon C. Parker is Chairman of the Board of the Company and the Bank.  Mr. Parker is the majority 
Jon C. Parker is Chairman of the Board of the Company and the Bank.  Mr. Parker is the majority 
shareholder/owner of the law firm Parker, Winkelman & Parker, P.S., Hoquiam, Washington, which serves 
shareholder/owner of the law firm Parker, Winkelman & Parker, P.S., Hoquiam, Washington, which serves 
as general counsel to the Bank and the Company.
as general counsel to the Bank and the Company.

Michael R. Sand has been affiliated with the Bank since 1977 and has served as President of the Bank 
Michael R. Sand has been affiliated with the Bank since 1977 and has served as President of the Bank 
and the Company since January 23, 2003.  On September 30, 2003, he was appointed as Chief Executive 
and the Company since January 23, 2003.  On September 30, 2003, he was appointed as Chief Executive 
Officer of the Bank and Company.  Prior to appointment as President and Chief Executive Officer, Mr. 
Officer of the Bank and Company.  Prior to appointment as President and Chief Executive Officer, Mr. 
Sand had served as Executive Vice President of the Bank since 1993 and as Executive Vice President of 
Sand had served as Executive Vice President of the Bank since 1993 and as Executive Vice President of 
the Company since its formation in 1997.
the Company since its formation in 1997.

Andrea M. Clinton, an interior designer, is the owner of AMC Interiors at Home and AMC Interiors, 
Andrea M. Clinton, an interior designer, is the owner of AMC Interiors at Home and AMC Interiors, 
both of which are located in Olympia, Washington.
both of which are located in Olympia, Washington.

James A. Davis is retired, having served as Chief Executive Officer of Verified Person, a background 
James A. Davis is retired, having served as Chief Executive Officer of Verified Person, a background 
verification company from 2006 until its acquisition in 2016. 
verification company from 2006 until its acquisition in 2016. 

Larry D. Goldberg is the retired principal partner of Goldberg Furniture Company, Aberdeen, 
Larry D. Goldberg is the retired principal partner of Goldberg Furniture Company, Aberdeen, 
Washington.  
Washington.  

Kathy D. Loedler is the founder and Chief Executive Officer of the Rampart Group LLC, a business 
Kathy D. Loedler is the founder and Chief Executive Officer of the Rampart Group LLC, a business 
consulting company based in Silverdale, Washington that provides security, consulting and investigation 
consulting company based in Silverdale, Washington that provides security, consulting and investigation 
and litigation support services to corporations, law-firms, small- and medium-sized businesses, and 
and litigation support services to corporations, law-firms, small- and medium-sized businesses, and 
individuals.
individuals.

David A. Smith is a pharmacist and the former owner of Harbor Drug, Inc., a retail pharmacy located in 
David A. Smith is a pharmacist and the former owner of Harbor Drug, Inc., a retail pharmacy located in 
Hoquiam, Washington.
Hoquiam, Washington.

Michael J. Stoney, a Certified Public Accountant, is a member of the accounting firm Easter & Stoney, 
Michael J. Stoney, a Certified Public Accountant, is a member of the accounting firm Easter & Stoney, 
P.S., with offices in Elma and Aberdeen, Washington. 
P.S., with offices in Elma and Aberdeen, Washington. 

Kelly A. Suter, is a former technology executive with over 25 years of experience in software, data 
Kelly A. Suter, is a former technology executive with over 25 years of experience in software, data 
management and digital transformation.  Since late 2017, she has been an independent consultant and 
management and digital transformation.  Since late 2017, she has been an independent consultant and 
prior to that she was the Chief Operating Officer at Calico Energy Services, which provided services to 
prior to that she was the Chief Operating Officer at Calico Energy Services, which provided services to 
large investor-owned utilities.  She began her career as an auditor at Price Waterhouse and is a Certified 
large investor-owned utilities.  She began her career as an auditor at Price Waterhouse and is a Certified 
Public Accountant (inactive status).
Public Accountant (inactive status).

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CORPORATE INFORMATION

MAIN OFFICE 

INDEPENDENT AUDITORS

624 Simpson Avenue 
Hoquiam, Washington 98550 
Telephone: (360) 533-4747 

GENERAL COUNSEL 

Parker, Winkelman & Parker, PS 
Hoquiam, Washington 

TRANSFER AGENT

Delap LLP 
Lake Oswego, Oregon

SPECIAL COUNSEL

Breyer & Associates PC
McLean, Virginia

For shareholder inquiries concerning dividend checks, transferring ownership, address changes or lost or 
stolen certificates please contact our transfer agent:

American Stock Transfer & Trust Company
6201 15th Avenue
Brooklyn, NY 11219
(800) 937-5449

ANNUAL MEETING

The Annual Meeting of Shareholders will be a virtual meeting on Tuesday, January 26, 2021 at 1:00 p.m., 
Pacific Time.

 
 
 
 
 
 
Hoquiam 
624 Simpson Ave.
Hoquiam, WA  98550
(360) 533-4747

South Aberdeen 
300 N. Boone St. 
Aberdeen, WA 98520
(360) 533-6440

Ocean Shores 
361 Damon Rd. 
Ocean Shores, WA  98569
(360) 289-2476

Montesano 
210 S. Main St.
Montesano, WA 98563
(360) 249-4021

Downtown Aberdeen 
117 N. Broadway 
Aberdeen, WA 98520
(360) 533-4500

Elma
313 W. Waldrip 
Elma, WA 98541
(360) 482-3333

Toledo
101 Ramsey Way
Toledo, WA 98591
(360) 864-6102

Winlock
209 NE 1st St. 
Winlock, WA 98596
(360) 785-3552

Chehalis
714 W. Main St.
Chehalis, WA 98532
(360) 740-0770

Tumwater 
801 Trosper Rd. SW 
Tumwater, WA 98512
(360) 705-2863

Olympia
423 Washington St. SE
Olympia, WA 98501
(360) 943-5496

West Olympia
2850 Harrison Ave. NW
Olympia, WA 98502
(360) 705-4200

PLANT

YOUR

FutureHERE

2020 Annual Report

Panorama
1751 Circle Lane SE
Lacey, WA 98503
(360) 413-3891

Lacey
1201 Marvin Rd. NE
Lacey, WA 98516
(360) 438-1400

Downtown Lacey
4530 Lacey Blvd SE
Lacey, WA 98503
(360) 528-4200

Yelm 
101 Yelm Ave. W.
Yelm, WA 98597
(360) 458-2221

Bethel Station
2419 224th St. E.
Spanaway, WA 98387
(253) 875-4250

Puyallup (South Hill)
12814 Meridian E.
Puyallup, WA 98373
(253) 841-4980

Edgewood (North Hill)
2418 Meridian E. 
Edgewood, WA 98371
(253) 845-0999

Auburn
202 Auburn Way S.
Auburn, WA 98002
(253) 804-6177

Tacoma 
7805 S. Hosmer St. 
Tacoma, WA 98408
(253) 472-4465

Gig Harbor 
3105 Judson St.
Gig Harbor, WA 98335 
(253) 851-1188

Silverdale
2401 NW Bucklin Hill Rd.
Silverdale, WA 98383
(360) 337-7727

Poulsbo 
20464 Viking Way NW
Poulsbo, WA 98370 
(360) 598-5801

www.timberlandbank.com