2017
Annual Report to Shareholders
April 25, 2018
To Our Fellow Shareholders,
In 2017, we continued to focus on our strategic goals to:
1. Expand our insurance operations as a leading provider of specialty insurance products, while maintaining
our strong underwriting standards and performance;
2. Grow and refine the investments held within Tiptree Capital; and
3. Generate enhanced, risk-adjusted investment returns.
In our insurance business, we took two key steps to support our growth objectives: 1) we established a presence
in Europe to expand our distribution channels, and 2) we refinanced a senior term credit facility with the
issuance of 40-year Junior Subordinated Notes to further enhance our capital base.
We present our non-insurance holdings as Tiptree Capital, where we invest across a broad spectrum of asset
types. In 2017, we continued to make significant progress toward our goals of simplifying our strategy,
improving the transparency of our financial reporting and better allocating our capital to areas we believe will
achieve higher returns. As a step toward achieving these goals, in April 2018, we completed a corporate
reorganization that eliminates our dual class stock structure.
In February of 2018, we completed the sale of Care Investment Trust (“Care”), our senior living business, to
Invesque (IVQ-U) in exchange for a net 16.4 million common shares, which we estimate will result in a $0.91
increase to our book value per share.1 As a large shareholder of the combined company we believe Invesque’s
scale and diversification will lead to improved capital markets access which will support its growth objectives.
We have confidence in the Invesque leadership and believe the long-term prospects of the senior living sector
remain favorable.
We also completed the sale of our commercial lending company and entered into an agreement to sell our
jumbo mortgage origination company. Lastly, during the year, we sold a significant portion of our CLO
subordinated notes, which resulted in the deconsolidation of our remaining CLOs.
Taken together, these steps have significantly reduced our leverage, added to our insurance company capital
base, provided available liquidity to support growth, and helped to simplify our structure and story, which we
believe positions us well to meet our long term strategic goals.
This year we earned $5.2 million of net income and $38.0 million of Adjusted EBITDA.2 Tiptree’s book value per-
share at year-end was $9.971, which combined with dividends, resulted in a total annualized return of 4.6% over
the past three years. Investors who participated in our initial capital raise in June 2007 have experienced a
compounded annualized total return of 9.7%3, compared to 8.0% for the S&P 500 and 7.6% for the Russell 2000
over the same period.
1 As exchanged.
2 For a reconciliation to GAAP financials, see “Non-GAAP Measures” beginning on p. 42 of the attached Form 10-K.
3 Total annualized return from June 2007 to December 2017 to original investors of Tiptree Financial Partners, L.P. and is defined as total dividends
received per share plus GAAP book value per share, as exchanged, as of December 31, 2017.
1
CONSOLIDATED RESULTS
GAAP FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS
(dollars in millions, except per share data)
Income before non-controlling interests
Net income attributable to Class A common stockholders
Diluted earnings per Class A share
Cash dividends paid per share
Total assets
Total investments and cash and cash equivalents
Debt
Total stockholders’ equity
NON-GAAP FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS 1
Adjusted EBITDA
Normalized EBITDA
Total Capital
Shares outstanding2
Book Value per share2
Total cash returned to investors
2017
2016
2015
$5.2
3.6
0.11
$0.12
$32.3
25.3
0.78
$0.10
$8.8
5.8
0.17
$0.10
$1,989.7 $2,890.1 $2,495.0
778.5
554.9
390.1
636.0
346.1
396.8
739.4
502.3
397.7
$38.0
60.9
641.1
37.9
9.97
11.8
$78.9
60.5
625.8
36.4
10.14
47.8
$58.4
53.1
598.1
42.9
8.90
8.2
In reporting our financial results, we have tried to clearly distinguish between our operating and investment
performance by disclosing non-GAAP measures such as Adjusted EBITDA and Normalized EBITDA. We have
historically reported unrealized investment gains and losses through our earnings because we believe it leads
to better transparency of our investment performance.
Normalized EBITDA, which excludes realized and unrealized investment gains and losses and stock based
compensation, is a primary measure we consider when evaluating the on-going earnings of our operations and
our long-term return on invested capital. This year Normalized EBITDA was $60.9 million, representing a 9.6%
return on total capital, relatively flat from last year but reflective of the consistency of our operating businesses.
This year, our Adjusted EBITDA, which does not eliminate the above exclusions, was significantly impacted by
unrealized investment losses of approximately $23.8 million on equity securities held in our Insurance
investment portfolio. Although one of our equity investments made in 2016 significantly underperformed our
expectations in 2017, over the long-term we continue to believe our actively managed equity investments will
deliver attractive returns. Also, in December, Congress made significant changes to our tax laws which
positively impacted our financial results by $15.2 million.
Our book value per share declined to $9.972 per share primarily attributable to the combination of unrealized
investment losses, the exercise of founders’ options issued in 2007, and acquisition earn-out payments which
together exceeded the total of our operational performance, share repurchases and the tax law benefit.
In previous communications we have mentioned that GAAP accounting requires us to depreciate our real estate
assets, which we believe creates a separation between intrinsic value of our assets and what is reported in our
1 For a reconciliation to GAAP financials, see “Non-GAAP Measures” beginning on p. 42 of the attached Form 10-K.
2 As exchanged.
2
book value. Accumulated depreciation has reduced our book value by $1.771 per share, and we estimate the sale
of Care will eliminate approximately half of this reduction.
SPECIALTY INSURANCE
We focus our products on providing niche and specialty coverages which we believe allows us to focus on
sectors of the insurance market that among other characteristics are underserved or require specialized product
knowledge. We generally like to focus on risk exposures that result in high frequency and low severity claims
activity and have limited exposure to catastrophic events. So in 2017, which was a record year for catastrophes,
our underwriting results were not materially impacted, as we have been able to maintain a high portion of fee
earnings and our combined ratios remained in the low 90s.
Our insurance operations had a strong year generating $53.3 million of Normalized EBITDA2 for the year, driven
by growth in both our credit protection and warranty products. With a larger capital base, we made the strategic
decision to increase the retention of the premiums we write going forward, and as such, both our net written
and earned premiums should continue to grow significantly, both organically and through acquisitions.
Our insurance investment portfolio has grown to $396 million. We believe our access to in-house investment
resources allows us to combine strong underwriting results with superior risk-adjusted returns as a result of our
access to alternative investment opportunities. As an example, our insurance investment portfolio includes
portions of the CLOs completed and managed by our asset management business, which significantly
improved investment yields. We also replaced certain low yielding municipal investments with real estate
assets that were managed by our Care business, enabling us to increase investment returns while being able to
maintain the same tax benefits.
TIPTREE CAPITAL
Tiptree Capital contributed $29.8 million of Normalized EBITDA to our financial results. During the year, we
made a strategic decision to decrease our overall exposure to the CLO credit markets. While this was a good
risk management decision, it significantly decreased our earnings from CLO distributions. As interest rates rose
during the year, our Mortgage business worked hard to mitigate declining industry origination volumes and
take advantage of improved margins.
1 As exchanged.
2 For a reconciliation to GAAP financials, see “Non-GAAP Measures” beginning on p. 42 of the attached Form 10-K.
3
CREATING LONG-TERM VALUE FOR OUR SHAREHOLDERS
We believe book value per share plus dividends paid is a fair measurement of the value we create for our
shareholders and if we perform as expected, we believe our stock price should trade above our book value per
share.1
In the last four years, we have repurchased $55.1 million of our stock at an approximate 30% discount to our
book value per share.1 We will always compare the benefits of buying back our stock at appropriate levels with
our ability to generate returns on capital. Repurchasing shares at a discount (not only to their intrinsic value,
but to their book value) is a benefit that is shared equally by all of our shareholders. We recently announced a
new $20 million share buy-back plan split evenly between open market purchases and opportunistic large block
purchases.
We have taken several actions that we believe will drive the future prospects of our company, position us for
growth and achieve consistent returns. Yet, our share price has not performed as we would like. We believe the
intrinsic value of our company is higher than our GAAP book value and is not reflected in our stock price.
However, over time, the gap between our intrinsic value and our stock price should shrink as we continue to
perform.
LOOKING AHEAD
Efficient deployment of your capital is a top priority for us. We aim to find the best use of capital to help us
create long-term value for our shareholders. We hope to achieve this through a combination of acquisitions,
additional investments in our existing businesses, opportunistic share repurchases and paying a consistent
dividend.
We will continually evaluate our performance in achieving our long-term objectives primarily by our ability to
provide consistent returns as measured by Normalized EBITDA2 and our shareholders’ total return as measured
by growth in book value per share and dividends received.
As significant shareholders ourselves, we make management decisions with our interests aligned with yours;
as of March 31st, 2018, directors, officers, employees and related trusts owned 22.6% of the Company. We
believe the actions we take to position our company for the future, combined with our ability to produce
consistent returns for our shareholders, should result in a stock price reflecting its appropriate value.
With best regards,
Michael Barnes
Executive Chairman
Jonathan Ilany
Chief Executive Officer
1 As exchanged.
2 For a reconciliation to GAAP financials, see “Non-GAAP Measures” beginning on p. 42 of the attached Form 10-K.
4
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
(Mark One)
Annual Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017
OR
Transition Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
For the transition period from to
Commission File Number: 001-33549
Tiptree Inc.
(Exact name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)
Maryland
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation of Organization)
780 Third Avenue, 21st Floor, New York, New York
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)
38-3754322
(IRS Employer Identification No.)
10017
(Zip Code)
(212) 446-1400
(Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code)
Securities Registered Pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each class
Class A Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share
Name of each exchange on which registered
Nasdaq Capital Market
Securities Registered Pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes
No
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes
No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding
12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes
No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted
and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required
to submit and post such files). Yes
No
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (§ 229.405) is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best
of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K.
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or emerging growth
company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange
Act.
Large accelerated filer
Non-accelerated filer
(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)
Accelerated filer
Smaller reporting company
Emerging Growth company
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised
financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.) Yes
No
As of June 30, 2017, the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter, the aggregate market value of the registrant’s voting and non-
voting common equity held by non-affiliates of the registrant was approximately $163,643,437, based upon the closing sales price of $7.05 per share as reported on the
Nasdaq Capital Market. For purposes of this calculation, all of the registrant’s directors and executive officers were deemed to be affiliates of the registrant.
As of March 13, 2018, there were 35,003,004 shares, par value $0.001, of the registrant’s Class A common stock outstanding (including 5,069,990 shares of Class A
common stock held by subsidiaries of the registrant) and 8,049,029 shares, par value $0.001, of the registrant’s Class B common stock outstanding.
Documents Incorporated by Reference
Certain information in the registrant’s definitive proxy statement to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission relating to the registrant’s 2018 Annual Meeting
of Stockholders is incorporated by reference into Part III.
TIPTREE INC.
Table of Contents
Annual Report on Form 10-K
December 31, 2017
ITEM
PART I
Item 1. Business
Item 1A. Risk Factors
Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments
Item 2. Properties
Item 3. Legal Proceedings
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
PART II
Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity
Securities
Item 6. Selected Financial Data
Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
Consolidated Balance Sheets for December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016
Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the three years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015
Consolidated Statement of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity for the three years ended December 31, 2017, 2016
and 2015
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the three years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(1) Organization
(2) Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
(3) Acquisitions
(4) Dispositions, Assets Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations
(5) Operating Segment Data
(6) Investments
(7) Notes and Accounts Receivable, net
(8) Reinsurance Receivable
(9) Goodwill and Intangible Assets, net
(10) Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedging
(11) Assets and Liabilities of Consolidated CLOs
(12) Debt, net
(13) Fair Value of Financial Instruments
(14) Liability for Unpaid Claims and Claim Adjustment Expenses
(15) Other Assets
(16) Other Liabilities and Accrued Expenses
(17) Other Income and Other Expenses
(18) Stockholders’ Equity
(19) Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
(20) Stock Based Compensation
(21) Related Party Transactions
2
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F- 6
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TIPTREE INC.
Table of Contents
Annual Report on Form 10-K
December 31, 2017
ITEM
(22) Income Taxes
(23) Commitments and Contingencies
(24) Earnings Per Share
(25) Summarized Quarterly Information (Unaudited)
(26) Subsequent Events
Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure
Item 9A. Controls and Procedures
Item 9B. Other Information
PART III
Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance
Item 11. Executive Compensation
Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters
Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence
Item 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services
PART IV
Item 15. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules
Item 16. Form 10-K Summary
Signatures
Page
Number
F- 65
F- 68
F- 69
F- 70
F- 72
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3
PART I
Forward-Looking Statements
Except for the historical information included and incorporated by reference in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, the information
included and incorporated by reference herein are “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities
Act and Section 21E of the Exchange Act. Forward-looking statements provide our current expectations or forecasts of future events
and are not statements of historical fact. These forward-looking statements include information about possible or assumed future
events, including, among other things, discussion and analysis of our future financial condition, results of operations and our strategic
plans and objectives. When we use words such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “seek,” “may,” “might,”
“plan,” “project,” “should,” “target,” “will,” or similar expressions, we intend to identify forward-looking statements.
Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and are subject to risks, uncertainties and other factors, many
of which are beyond our control, are difficult to predict and could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed or
forecasted in the forward-looking statements. Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking
statements as a result of various factors, including, but not limited to, those described in the section entitled “Risk Factors” and
elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K and in our other public filings with the SEC.
The factors described herein are not necessarily all of the important factors that could cause actual results or developments to differ
materially from those expressed in any of our forward-looking statements. Other unknown or unpredictable factors also could affect
our forward-looking statements. Consequently, our actual performance could be materially different from the results described or
anticipated by our forward-looking statements. Given these uncertainties, you should not place undue reliance on these forward-
looking statements. Except as required by the applicable law, we undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statements.
Market and Industry Data
Certain market data and industry data included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K were obtained from reports of governmental
agencies and industry publications and surveys. We believe the data from third-party sources to be reliable based upon our management’s
knowledge of the industry, but have not independently verified such data and as such, make no guarantees as to its accuracy,
completeness or timeliness.
Note to Reader
In reading this Annual Report on Form 10-K, references to:
“1940 Act” means the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended.
“Administrative Services Agreement” means the Administrative Services Agreement between Operating Company (as assignee of
TFP) and BackOffice Services Group, Inc., dated as of June 12, 2007.
“AUM” means assets under management.
“Care” means Care Investment Trust LLC.
“CFPB” means the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau.
“CLOs” means collateralized loan obligations.
“Code” means the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended.
“consolidated CLOs” means Telos 5, Telos 6 and Telos 7.
“Dodd-Frank Act” means the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act.
“EBITDA” means earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization.
“Exchange Act” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
“Fortress” means Fortress Credit Corp., as administrative agent, collateral agent and lead arranger, and affiliates of Fortress that are
lenders under the Credit Agreement among the Company, Fortress and the lenders party thereto.
“Fortegra” means Fortegra Financial Corporation.
“GAAP” means U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.
“Luxury” means Luxury Mortgage Corp.
“Mariner” means Mariner Investment Group LLC.
“NAIC” means the National Association of Insurance Commissioners.
“NPL” means nonperforming residential real estate mortgage loans.
“Operating Company” means Tiptree Operating Company, LLC.
“PFG” means Philadelphia Financial Group, Inc.
“Reliance” means Reliance First Capital, LLC.
“REO” means real estate owned.
4
“SEC” means the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.
“Securities Act” means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.
“Siena” means Siena Capital Finance LLC.
“TAMCO” means Tiptree Asset Management Company, LLC.
“Tax Act” means Public Law no. 115-97, commonly referred to as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act
“Telos” means Telos Asset Management, LLC.
“Telos 1” means Telos CLO 2006-1, Ltd.
“Telos 2” means Telos CLO 2007-2, Ltd.
“Telos 3” means Telos CLO 2013-3, Ltd.
“Telos 4” means Telos CLO 2013-4, Ltd.
“Telos 5” means Telos CLO 2014-5, Ltd.
“Telos 6” means Telos CLO 2014-6, Ltd.
“Telos 7” means Telos CLO 2016-7, Ltd.
“TFP” means Tiptree Financial Partners, L.P.
“Tiptree”, the “Company”, “we”, “its”, “us” and “our” means, unless otherwise indicated by the context, Operating Company and
its consolidated subsidiaries, together with the standalone net assets held by Tiptree Inc. (formerly known as Tiptree Financial Inc.)
“Transition Services Agreement” means the Transition Services Agreement among TAMCO, Tricadia and Operating Company (as
assignee of TFP), dated as of June 30, 2012.
“Tricadia” means Tricadia Holdings, L.P.
Item 1. Business
OVERVIEW
Our Business
Tiptree is a holding company that combines insurance operations with investment management expertise. Our principal operating
subsidiary is a leading provider of specialty insurance products and related services, including credit protection insurance, warranty
and service contract products, and insurance programs which underwrite niche personal and commercial lines of insurance. We also
allocate capital across a broad spectrum of investments, which we refer to as Tiptree Capital. Today, Tiptree Capital consists of asset
management operations, mortgage operations and other investments.
Our strategic objectives are focused on:
•
•
•
expanding our insurance operations, while continuing to be a leading provider of specialty insurance products and maintaining
our strong underwriting performance;
continuing to grow and expand the businesses and investments within Tiptree Capital; and
generating enhanced, risk adjusted investment returns.
When assessing potential acquisitions and investments, we look for opportunities that:
•
•
•
•
have strong and experienced management teams;
generate attractive and stable cash returns;
complement existing businesses or strategies; and
have sustainable and scalable business models.
Our financial goals are to generate consistent and growing earnings and to enhance shareholder value as measured by growth in book
value per share plus dividends.
As of December 31, 2017, Tiptree and its consolidated subsidiaries had 1,011 employees (of which 918 were full time employees),
26 of which were at corporate headquarters and are full time employees.
Significant Developments
On February 1, 2018, we sold our senior living operations to Invesque in exchange for 16.6 million common shares of Invesque. At
December 31, 2017, our senior living operations were carried as discontinued operations. The increase to Tiptree’s book value as a
result of the sale was approximately $0.91 per share, or a 9.1% increase to our December 31, 2017 book value per share, as exchanged.
The transaction is expected to be accretive to our 2018 GAAP earnings per share and Adjusted EBITDA. Through this transaction,
along with additional pending or closed sales in 2017, Tiptree’s debt was reduced by approximately $518 million. After giving effect
to these transactions, our leverage was reduced from 2.2x as of September 30, 2017 to less than 0.9x as of December 31, 2017.
5
On October 1, 2017, we sold our investment in Siena, for $2.5 million in cash and a seller note of $11.0 million. The seller note has
an interest rate of 10% and matures in November 2018. On December 12, 2017, we entered into a definitive agreement to sell our
investment in Luxury Mortgage. The agreement is subject to, among other things, regulatory approval, and is expected to close during
the second half of 2018.
Our Competitive Advantage
We believe our structure as a public company gives us the ability to have a long-term focus on maximizing returns to our shareholders.
We believe this long-term perspective provides us the flexibility when investing our capital to focus on strategy and profitability
through multiple market cycles, including those that may negatively affect the value of our holdings in the short term.
Competition
Our businesses face competition, as discussed under “Operating Businesses” below. In addition to the competition our businesses
face, we are subject to competition for acquisitions and investment opportunities. Our competitors include commercial and investment
banks, mortgage companies, specialty finance companies, insurance companies, asset managers, private equity funds, hedge funds,
family offices, real estate investment trusts, limited partnerships, business development companies and special purpose acquisition
vehicles. Many of our competitors are significantly larger, have greater access to capital and other resources and may possess other
competitive advantages.
Our businesses are subject to regulation as described under “Operating Businesses” below. The 1940 Act may limit the types and
nature of businesses that we engage in and assets that we may acquire. See “Risk Factors-Risks Related to Regulatory and Legal
Matters-Maintenance of our 1940 Act exemption will impose limits on our operations.”
OPERATING BUSINESSES
Specialty Insurance
Overview
Our specialty insurance segment is conducted through Fortegra Financial Corporation (together with its subsidiaries, “Fortegra”), an
insurance holding company incorporated in 1981. Our insurance business underwrites and administers specialty insurance products,
primarily in the United States, and is a leading provider of credit and asset protection products and administration services. Our diverse
range of products and services include credit protection insurance, warranty and service contract products, and underwriting of niche
personal and commercial lines of insurance.
Products and Services
Credit Protection Insurance Products - Our credit protection insurance products are designed to offer consumers protection from life
events that limit a borrower’s ability to make payments on outstanding loan balances. These products offer consumers the option to
protect credit card and installment loan balances or payments in the event of death, involuntary unemployment or disability.
Warranty and Service Contract Products - Our warranty and service contract products provide consumers with coverage on
automobiles, mobile devices, consumer electronics, appliances, and furniture and bedding, protecting them from certain covered
losses. These products offer replacement, service or repair coverage in the event of mechanical breakdown, accidental damage, theft
and water damage. Our warranty and service contract products are extensions of warranty coverage originally provided by original
equipment manufacturers.
Programs - Our program business is focused on fronting and underwriting certain niche commercial and personal lines insurance
coverages for general agents and other program managers that require broad licensure, an “A-” or better A.M. Best rating, and
specialized knowledge and expertise to distribute their products. We grant these general agents and program managers’ authority to
produce, underwrite and administer policies subject to our underwriting and pricing guidelines. We typically transfer all or a substantial
portion of the underwriting risk on these programs to third-party reinsurers for which we are paid a fee. We have a particular focus
on “short-duration” lines of business where the time between the issuance of a policy or contract and reporting and payment of the
claim tends to be shorter.
Services and Other - We have several other products which provide value-add services to Fortegra customers, including premium
finance and business processing services.
6
Marketing and Distribution
We distribute our products through distribution partnerships with our clients, including consumer finance companies, retailers,
automobile dealers, credit card issuers, credit unions and regional and community banks. We leverage our clients’ brand and customer
base to distribute multiple products and services. Our program insurance products are generally marketed through a network of
independent insurance brokers and managing general agencies. In each case, we pay a commission-based fee to our marketing partners.
We generally target markets that are niche and specialty in nature, which we believe are underserved by competitors and have high
barriers to entry. We focus on establishing quality client relationships and emphasizing customer service. This focus, along with our
ability to help clients enhance revenue and reduce costs, has enabled us to develop and maintain numerous long-term client relationships.
A significant portion of our marketing partnership commission agreements are on a retrospective commission basis, which allows us
to adjust commissions on the basis of claims experience. Under these types of arrangements, the compensation to our marketing
partners is based upon the actual losses incurred compared to premiums earned. We believe these types of contractual arrangements
align their economic interests with ours, help us to better manage our risk exposure and deliver more consistent profit margins with
respect to these types of arrangements.
Investment Portfolio
Our investment strategy is designed to achieve attractive risk-adjusted returns across select asset classes, sectors and geographies
while maintaining adequate liquidity to meet our claims payment obligations. We rely on conservative underwriting practices to
generate investable funds while minimizing our underwriting risk. We invest a majority of our investable assets in high quality
corporate, government and municipal bonds with relatively short durations, designed to deliver sufficient liquidity to meet claims as
incurred. The balance of our investable assets are invested in asset classes that we believe will produce higher risk- adjusted returns
over the long term, a significant portion of which are managed by us.
Risk Management
Consistent with standard industry practice for most insurance companies, we use reinsurance to manage our underwriting risk and
efficiently utilize capital. For example, a significant portion of our distribution partners of credit protection insurance products have
created captive reinsurance companies to assume the insurance risk on the products they distribute. These captive reinsurance companies
are known as producer owned reinsurance companies (“PORC”) and in most instances each PORC assumes almost all of the
underwriting risk associated with the insurance products they distribute. In these instances we act in a fronting and administrative
capacity on behalf of each PORC, providing underwriting and claims management services. We receive an administration fee that
compensates us for our expenses associated with underwriting and servicing the underlying policies and provide us with stable margins
for these services. We generally require cash collateral to secure the reinsurance recoverable in the event that a PORC is unable to
pay the claims it has assumed. In our insurance program business, our reinsurers tend to be highly rated, well-capitalized professional
third-party reinsurers.
Our Competitive Strengths
Specialty Focus
We have a history of operating in niche insurance markets that require specialized knowledge and expertise to profitably service and/
or underwrite policies or insurance coverages. Our expertise and focus, developed over Fortegra’s 35-year history, has contributed to
our position as one of the leading providers of credit insurance products in the United States. In addition, our “A-” (Excellent) (stable
outlook) rating by A.M. Best Company, Inc. (“A.M. Best”) and broad licensure provide us the opportunity to write niche commercial
and personal lines insurance programs through managing general agents and other program managers to whom we have granted
authority to produce, underwrite and administer policies that meet our underwriting and pricing guidelines. In the markets we serve,
we focus on underwriting small premium policies and contracts where we can utilize our technology and refined administration
processes to manage efficiently the high volume of policies and claims that result from serving large numbers of small policyholders
and contract holders. We believe these markets tend to have fewer competitors and higher barriers to entry than other segments of the
insurance market, providing us with greater flexibility on pricing and terms, and better, more consistent underwriting margins. We
expect to continue to expand into other niche markets where we believe we can capitalize on opportunities presented by our underwriting
expertise and operating platform.
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Broad Service Delivery Expertise
Over the years, we have invested resources and developed the expertise to provide a variety of products and services for our marketing
and distribution partners, including policy underwriting and issuance, back office processing and administration and claims
management. Integrated, proprietary technology delivers low cost, highly automated services to our clients, while our scalable
technology infrastructure affords us the opportunity to add new clients and services without significant additional expense. The breadth
of our capabilities enables us to provide multiple services to each client, thus creating the opportunity to generate more revenue and
establish more entrenched relationships with clients. We believe our broad capabilities are a key driver of our high client retention
rates. In our credit protection insurance products, our annual renewal rates are consistently in excess of 90%, which we believe is
among the highest in the industry and distinguishes us from many of our peers.
Significant Fee-based Revenue
We seek to complement our underwriting income with substantial fee-based revenues from the various value-added services we
provide our marketing and distribution partners. A significant portion of our revenues are derived from fees and are not solely dependent
upon the underwriting performance of our insurance products, resulting in more diversified and consistent earnings. Our fee based
revenues are primarily generated in both our regulated insurance entities as well as non-regulated service companies. We believe fees
generated outside of regulated insurance entities afford us greater financial flexibility than traditional insurance carriers.
Investment Capabilities
Our investment management operations provide access to extensive investment expertise and investment opportunities. We believe
our ability to source investments provides us access to a broader universe of investment opportunities, providing us the opportunity
to generate superior risk-adjusted investment returns over the long term compared to what a traditional insurer could produce on its
own, which we believe distinguishes us from many other insurance companies.
Market Opportunity
Credit Insurance
We are one of the leading providers of credit insurance protection products in the United States and believe we are well positioned
to increase our market share both organically and through acquisition. We believe our capabilities and reputation have allowed us to
better position ourselves competitively for business as we compete for new business and renewals in the marketplace. We also believe
our market position, capabilities and reputation will make us a preferred acquisition partner for smaller competitors that may choose
to exit the market or desire a partner with more resources.
Warranty Products
We believe we can significantly increase our market presence in the warranty sector. We entered the warranty market as a natural
extension of our business given it possesses similar attributes and distribution channels as our credit-insurance products. In 2012, our
insurance business acquired a provider of wireless-device protection plans and mobile services. Our warranty market gross premiums
grew to $110.3 million in the year ended December 31, 2017, a $47.9 million or 76.7% increase from the year ended December 31,
2016. We believe the demand from consumers for products such as automobile warranties and mobile device protection will continue
to drive long-term growth opportunities for us.
International Markets
We plan to selectively expand our product offerings to international markets such as Asia, Europe and Canada, where we believe
profitable opportunities exist. We believe our existing product offerings can be successfully distributed in these markets while
maintaining similar levels of underwriting performance as our core United States markets.
Competition
We operate in several markets, and believe that no single competitor competes against us in all of our business lines. The competition
in the markets in which we operate is a function of many factors, including price, industry knowledge, quality of client service, sales
force effectiveness, technology platforms and processes, the security and integrity of information systems, financial strength ratings,
breadth of products and services, brand recognition and reputation. Our credit protection products and warranty service contracts
compete with similar products of insurance companies, warranty companies and other insurance service providers. Many of our
competitors are significantly larger, have greater access to capital and may possess other competitive advantages. These products
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compete with several multi-national and regional insurance companies that may have expertise in our niche products. Our competitors
include: The Warranty Group, Inc., Assurant, Inc., eSecuritel Holdings, LLC, Asurion, LLC, AmTrust Financial Services, Inc., State
National Companies Inc. and several smaller regional companies.
Regulation
We are subject to federal, state, local and foreign regulation and supervision. Our insurance subsidiaries are generally restricted by
the insurance laws of their respective domiciles as to the amount of dividends they may pay without the prior approval of the respective
regulatory authorities. Generally, the maximum dividend that may be paid by an insurance subsidiary during any year without prior
regulatory approval is limited to a stated percentage of that subsidiary’s statutory surplus as of a certain date, or net income of the
subsidiary for the preceding year.
Our insurance company subsidiaries are domiciled in California, Delaware, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana and Wisconsin. The
regulation, supervision and administration by state departments of insurance relate, among other things, to: standards of solvency that
must be met and maintained, restrictions on the payment of dividends, changes in control of insurance companies, the licensing of
insurers and their agents and other producers, the types of insurance that may be written, privacy practices, the ability to enter and
exit certain insurance markets, the nature of and limitations on investments and premium rates, or restrictions on the size of risks that
may be insured under a single policy, reserves and provisions for unearned premiums, losses and other obligations, deposits of securities
for the benefit of policyholders, payment of sales compensation to third parties, approval of policy forms and the regulation of market
conduct, including underwriting and claims practices. As part of their routine regulatory oversight process, state insurance departments
conduct periodic detailed examinations of the books, records, accounts and operations of insurance companies that are domiciled in
their states.
Our insurance company subsidiaries are also subject to certain state regulations which require diversification of our investment
portfolios and concentration limits among asset classes. Failure to comply with these regulations would cause non-conforming
investments to be treated as non-admitted assets in the states in which we are licensed to sell insurance policies for purposes of
measuring statutory surplus and, in some instances, would require us to sell those investments. Such investment laws are generally
permissive with respect to federal, state and municipal obligations, and more restrictive with respect to corporate obligations,
particularly non-investment grade obligations, foreign investment, equity securities and real estate investments. Each insurance
company is therefore limited by the investment laws of its state of domicile from making excessive investments in any given security
(such as single issuer limitations) or in certain classes or riskier investments (such as aggregate limitation in non-investment grade
bonds).
The NAIC provides model insurance laws and regulations for adoption by the states and standardized insurance industry accounting
and reporting guidance. However, model insurance laws and regulations are only effective when adopted by the states, and statutory
accounting and reporting principles continue to be established by individual state laws, regulations and permitted practices. The NAIC
has adopted a model act with risk-based capital (“RBC”) formulas to be applied to insurance companies to measure the minimum
amount of capital appropriate for an insurance company to support its overall business operations in light of its size and risk profile.
State insurance regulators use RBC standards to determine appropriate actions relating to insurers that show signs of weak or
deteriorating conditions. The domiciliary states of our insurance company subsidiaries have adopted laws substantially similar to the
NAIC’s RBC model act.
Fortegra is subject to the respective state insurance holding company statutes which may require prior regulatory approval or non-
disapproval of material transactions between an insurance company and an affiliate or of an acquisition of control of a domestic insurer
and payments of extraordinary dividends or distributions.
Our reinsurance companies that are domiciled in Turks and Caicos must satisfy local regulatory requirements, such as filing annual
financial statements, filing annual certificates of compliance and paying annual fees.
We are also subject to federal and state laws and regulations related to the administration of insurance products on behalf of other
insurers. In order for us to process and administer insurance products of other companies, we are required to maintain licenses of a
third party administrator in the states where those insurance companies operate. We are also subject to the related federal and state
privacy laws and must comply with federal and state data protection and privacy laws. We are also subject to laws and regulations
related to call center services.
Seasonality
Our financial results historically have been, and we expect to continue to be, affected by seasonal variations. Revenues may fluctuate
seasonally based on consumer spending, which has historically been higher in September and December, corresponding to the back-
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to-school and holiday seasons. Accordingly, our revenues have historically been higher in the third and fourth quarters than in the
first half of the year. Member benefit claims on mobile device protection are typically more frequent in the summer months, and
accordingly, claims expense from those products have historically been higher in the second and third quarters than other times of the
year.
Intellectual Property
We own or license a number of trademarks, patents, trade names, copyrights, service marks, trade secrets and other intellectual property
rights that relate to our services and products. Although we believe that these intellectual property rights are, in the aggregate, of
material importance to our business, we also believe that our business is not materially dependent upon any particular trademark,
trade name, copyright, service mark, license or other intellectual property right. Our insurance subsidiaries have entered into
confidentiality agreements with their clients that impose restrictions on client use of our proprietary software and other intellectual
property rights.
Employees
At December 31, 2017, our specialty insurance segment employed 432 employees of which 374 were on a full time basis.
Tiptree Capital
Overview
Tiptree also allocates its capital across a broad spectrum of investments which we refer to as Tiptree Capital. As of February 1, 2018,
Tiptree Capital includes our Invesque common shares, asset management operations, mortgage operations and other non-operating
asset or security investments. We manage Tiptree Capital on a total return basis balancing current cash flow and long term value
appreciation.
As of February 1, 2018, Tiptree owned 16.6 million common shares of Invesque, a real estate investment company that specializes
in health care and senior living property investment throughout North America. Tiptree and Invesque are party to a Governance and
Investor Rights Agreement whereby Tiptree has the right to nominate one board member to Invesque’s Board of Directors as well as
customary Canadian demand and piggyback registrations rights. Tiptree is also subject to customary standstill voting and lock-up
restrictions. In future periods, Tiptree will report unrealized gains and losses and dividend income from ownership of the shares in
Other Investments as part of Tiptree Capital.
Asset Management
Our asset management operations are conducted through TAMCO, an SEC-registered investment adviser. We specialize in managing
credit related assets, on behalf of pension funds, hedge funds, other asset management firms, banks, insurance companies and other
types of institutional investors. We earn management fees based on the amount of AUM that we manage, incentive income based on
the performance of our funds or investment vehicles, and investment income from investments we make in our own funds and
investment vehicles. As of December 31, 2017, we managed $1.6 billion of fee earning AUM in CLOs. Our strategy is to grow our
fee earning AUM, and to the extent that market conditions warrant, to grow our business by offering new investment products.
Competitive Strengths
Experience - We have a history of hiring talented and experienced investment professionals. The depth and breadth of experience of
our management team enables us to source, structure, execute and monitor our investment products.
Alignment of Interests - As of December 31, 2017, we had approximately $22.8 million of capital invested in funds we manage for
others, which we believe aligns our interests with that of investors in our funds and investment vehicles. Additionally, senior members
of our investment teams have significant investments in some of the funds they manage.
Competition
We compete for business with other asset managers, including those affiliated with major commercial or investment banks and other
financial institutions. Many of these organizations offer products and services that are similar to, or compete with, those we may offer,
and many of these organizations have substantially more personnel and greater financial resources. Some of these competitors have
proprietary products and distribution channels that may make it more difficult for us to compete with them. Some competitors also
have greater portfolio management resources, greater name recognition, have had managed client accounts for longer periods of time,
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have greater experience over a wider range of products or have other competitive advantages. The factors considered by clients in
choosing us or a competitor include the past performance of the products managed, the background and experience of key personnel,
the experience in managing a particular product, overall reputation, investment advisory fees and the structural features of the
investment products offered.
Regulation
The asset management industry in the U.S. is subject to extensive regulation under federal and state securities laws as well as the rules
of self-regulatory organizations. TAMCO (collectively with Telos, the “Advisors”), is registered with the SEC as an investment adviser,
and its subsidiaries rely on TAMCO’s registration. The Advisers are also required to make notice filings in certain states. Virtually
all aspects of the asset management business, including related sales and distribution activities, are subject to various federal and state
laws and regulations and self-regulatory organization rules. These laws, rules and regulations are primarily intended to protect the
asset management clients and generally grant supervisory agencies and bodies broad administrative powers, including the power to
limit or restrict an investment advisor from conducting its asset management business in the event that it fails to comply with such
laws and regulations. In addition, investment vehicles managed by the Advisers are subject to various securities laws and other laws.
Employees
As of December 31, 2017, our asset management segment had 9 employees on a full time basis.
Mortgage
Our mortgage operations are conducted through Reliance Holdings, LLC. Our mortgage business originates residential mortgage
loans which are typically sold to secondary market investors. Revenues are generated from gain on sale of loans, net interest income
and loan fee income. The growth in our mortgage business is expected primarily to come from increased origination volume, new
products, and, to a lesser extent, through acquisition.
Competition
The residential mortgage market is highly competitive. There are a large number of institutions offering these products, including
many that operate on a national scale, as well as local savings banks, commercial banks, and other lenders. Many of our competitors
are larger and have access to greater financial resources. In addition, many of the largest competitors are banks or are affiliated with
banking institutions, the advantages of which include, but are not limited to, having access to financing with more favorable terms,
including lower interest rate bank deposits as a favorable source of funding.
Regulation
We are subject to extensive regulation by federal, state and local governmental authorities, including the CFPB, the Federal Trade
Commission and various state agencies that license, audit and conduct examinations. Our mortgage operations must comply with a
number of federal, state and local consumer protection and privacy laws including laws that apply to loan origination, fair lending,
debt collection, use of credit reports, safeguarding of non-public personally identifiable information about customers, foreclosure and
claims handling, investment of and interest payments on escrow balances and escrow payment features, and mandate certain disclosures
and notices to borrowers.
Employees
At December 31, 2017, our Mortgage operations had 401 employees of which 371 were on a full time basis.
Other Investments
Other Investments includes our investments directly in assets, securities, other alternative investments or immaterial operating
businesses. For the period ending December 31, 2017, our now divested commercial lending operation and the results from Luxury,
which is held for sale are included in Other Investments for reporting purposes. As noted above, we will report our investment in
Invesque as part of Other Investments.
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STRUCTURE
On an as exchanged basis, we had 37,854,482 shares of Class A common stock as of December 31, 2017 (which excludes 5,197,551
shares of Class A common stock held by consolidated subsidiaries of the Company). “As exchanged” assumes the full exchange of
the limited partnership units of TFP for Tiptree Class A common stock.
Tiptree’s Class A common stock trades on the Nasdaq Capital Market. All of Tiptree’s Class B common stock is owned by TFP on
behalf of limited partners of TFP. Tiptree’s Class B common stock has the same voting rights as the Class A, but no economic rights.
The limited partners of TFP (other than Tiptree itself) are able to exchange TFP partnership units for Tiptree Class A common stock
at a rate of 2.798 shares of Class A common stock per partnership unit.
The following chart is a simplified version of our organizational structure:
We were incorporated in Maryland in 2007. For more information on our ownership and structure, see Note-(1) Organization and
Note-(18) Stockholders’ Equity, within the accompanying consolidated financial statements.
AVAILABLE INFORMATION
We are required to file annual, quarterly and current reports, proxy statements and other information with the SEC. The public may
read and copy any materials that we file with the SEC at the SEC’s Public Reference Room at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C.
20549. Information on the operation of the Public Reference Room may be obtained by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. In
addition, the SEC maintains an Internet site that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding
issuers that file electronically with the SEC at http://www.sec.gov.
Our Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K, proxy statements and amendments
to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act, are also available free of charge on our
Internet site at www.tiptreeinc.com as soon as reasonably practicable after such reports are electronically filed with or furnished to
the SEC. The information on our website is not, and shall not be deemed to be, a part hereof or incorporated into this or any of our
other filings with the SEC.
Our Investor Relations Department can be contacted at Tiptree Inc., 780 Third Avenue, 21st Floor, New York, NY, 10017, Attn: Investor
Relations, telephone: (212) 446-1400, email: IR@tiptreeinc.com.
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Item 1A. Risk Factors
We are subject to certain risks and uncertainties in our business operations which are described below. The risks and uncertainties
described below are not the only risks we face. Additional risks and uncertainties that are not presently known or are currently deemed
immaterial may also impair our business, results of operations and financial condition.
Risks Related to our Businesses
A portion of our assets are illiquid or have limited liquidity, which may limit our ability to sell those assets at favorable
prices or at all and creates uncertainty in connection with valuing such assets.
Our assets include real estate, non-controlling interests in credit assets and related equity interests which may be illiquid or
have limited liquidity. It may be difficult for us to dispose of assets with limited liquidity rapidly, or at favorable prices, if at all. In
addition, assets with limited liquidity may be more difficult to value and may be sold at a substantial discount or experience more
volatility than more liquid assets. We may not be able to dispose of assets at the carrying value reflected in our financial statements.
Our results of operations and cash flows may be materially and adversely affected if our determinations regarding the fair value of
our illiquid assets are materially higher than the values ultimately realized upon their disposal.
Our investment in Invesque shares is subject to transfer restrictions, market volatility and the risk that Invesque changes
its dividend policy.
As of February 1, 2018, we owned 16.6 million shares, or approximately 34%, of Invesque, a real estate investment company
that specializes in health care real estate and senior living property investment throughout North America.
Pursuant to the Investor Rights Agreement, we have agreed to restrictions on the sale of our Invesque shares for a period
ranging from 6 months to 18 months. The value of our Invesque shares will be reported at fair market value on a quarterly basis and
may fluctuate. Invesque has historically paid monthly dividends but there can be no assurance that Invesque will continue to pay
dividends in the same frequency or amount.
A loss in the fair market value of our Invesque shares or a reduction or discontinuation in the dividends paid on our Invesque
shares could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.
We operate in highly competitive markets for business opportunities and personnel, which could impede our growth and
negatively impact our results of operations.
We operate in highly competitive markets for business opportunities in each of our areas of focus. Many of our competitors
have financial, personnel and other resource advantages relative to us and may be better able to react to market conditions. These
factors may place us at a competitive disadvantage in successfully competing for future business opportunities and personnel, which
could impede our growth and negatively impact our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We are exposed to risks associated with acquiring or divesting businesses or business operations.
We regularly evaluate strategic acquisition opportunities for growth. Acquired companies and operations may have unforeseen
operating difficulties and may require greater than expected financial and other resources. In addition, potential issues associated with
acquisitions could, among other things include:
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•
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our ability to realize the full extent of the benefits, synergies or cost savings that we expect to realize as a result of
the completion of an acquisition within the anticipated time frame, or at all;
receipt of necessary consents, clearances and approvals in connection with the acquisition;
diversion of management’s attention from other strategies and objectives;
motivating, recruiting and retaining executives and key employees; and
conforming and integrating financial reporting, standards, controls, procedures and policies, business cultures and
compensation structures.
If an acquisition is not successfully completed or integrated into our existing operations, our business, results of operations and
financial condition could be materially adversely effected.
We have also divested, and may in the future divest, businesses or business operations. Any divestitures may involve a number
of risks, including the diversion of management’s attention, significant costs and expenses, the loss of customer relationships and cash
flow, and the disruption of the affected business or business operations. Failure to timely complete or to consummate a divestiture
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may negatively affect the valuation of the affected business or business operations or result in restructuring charges.
The amount of statutory capital and reserve requirements applicable to our insurance subsidiaries can increase due to factors
outside of our control.
Our insurance subsidiaries are subject to statutory capital and reserve requirements established by applicable insurance regulators
based on risk-based capital formulas. In any particular year, these requirements may increase or decrease depending on a variety of
factors, most of which are outside our control, such as the amount of statutory income or losses generated, changes in equity market
levels, the value of fixed-income and equity securities in the subsidiary’s investment portfolio, changes in interest rates and foreign
currency exchange rates, as well as changes to the risk-based capital formulas used by insurance regulators. Increases in the amount
of additional statutory reserves that our insurance subsidiaries are required to hold may adversely affect our financial condition and
results of operations.
Our insurance subsidiaries’ actual claims losses may exceed their reserves for claims, which may require them to establish
additional reserves that may materially and adversely affect their business, results of operations and financial condition.
Our insurance subsidiaries maintain reserves to cover their estimated ultimate exposure for claims with respect to reported claims,
and incurred, but not reported, claims as of the end of each accounting period. Reserves, whether calculated under GAAP or statutory
accounting principles, do not represent an exact calculation of exposure. Instead, they represent our insurance subsidiaries’ best
estimates, generally involving actuarial projections, of the ultimate settlement and administration costs for a claim or group of claims,
based on our assessment of facts and circumstances known at the time of calculation. The adequacy of reserves will be impacted by
future trends in claims severity, frequency, judicial theories of liability and other factors. These variables are affected by external
factors such as changes in the economic cycle, unemployment, inflation, judicial trends, legislative changes, as well as changes in
claims handling procedures. Many of these items are not directly quantifiable, particularly on a prospective basis. Reserve estimates
are refined as experience develops. Adjustments to reserves, both positive and negative, are reflected in the statement of income of
the period in which such estimates are updated. Because the establishment of reserves is an inherently uncertain process involving
estimates of future losses, we can give no assurances that ultimate losses will not exceed existing claims reserves. In general, future
loss development could require reserves to be increased, which could have a material adverse effect on our insurance subsidiaries’
business, results of operations and financial condition.
We may need to raise additional capital in the future or may need to refinance existing indebtedness, but there is no assurance
that such capital will be available on a timely basis, on acceptable terms or at all.
We may need to raise additional funds or refinance our indebtedness in order to grow our business or fund our strategy or
acquisitions. Additional financing may not be available in sufficient amounts, if at all, or on terms acceptable to us and may be dilutive
to existing stockholders. Additionally, any securities issued to raise such funds may have rights, preferences and privileges senior to
those of our existing stockholders. If adequate funds are not available on a timely basis, if at all, or on acceptable terms, our ability
to expand, develop or enhance our subsidiaries’ services and products, enter new markets, consummate acquisitions or respond to
competitive pressures could be materially limited.
Our information systems may fail or their security may be compromised, which could damage our specialty insurance business
and materially and adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.
Our specialty insurance business is highly dependent upon the effective operation of our information systems and our ability
to store, retrieve, process and manage significant databases and expand and upgrade our information systems. Our specialty insurance
business relies on these systems for a variety of functions, including marketing and selling our products and services, performing our
services, managing our operations, processing claims and applications, providing information to clients, performing actuarial analyses
and maintaining financial records. The interruption or loss of our information processing capabilities through the loss of stored data,
programming errors, the breakdown or malfunctioning of computer equipment or software systems, telecommunications failure or
damage caused by weather or natural disasters or any other significant disruptions could harm our specialty insurance business by
hampering its ability to generate revenues and could negatively affect client relationships, competitive position and reputation. In
addition, our information systems may be vulnerable to physical or electronic intrusions, computer viruses or other attacks which
could disable our information systems and our security measures may not prevent such attacks. The failure of our systems as a result
of any security breaches, intrusions or attacks could cause significant interruptions to our operations, which could result in a material
adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.
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Our insurance business is dependent on independent financial institutions, lenders and retailers for distribution of its products
and services, and the loss of these distribution sources, or their failure to sell our insurance business’s products and services could
materially and adversely affect its business, results of operations and financial condition.
Our insurance business is dependent on financial institutions, lenders and retailers to distribute its products and services and its
revenue is dependent on the level of business conducted by such distributors as well as the effectiveness of their sales efforts, each
of which is beyond our insurance business’s control because such distributors typically do not have any minimum performance or
sales requirements. Further, although its contracts with these distributors are typically exclusive, they can be canceled on relatively
short notice. Therefore, our insurance business’s growth is dependent, in part, on its ability to identify and attract new distribution
relationships and successfully implement its information systems with those of its new distributors. The impairment of our insurance
business’s distribution relationships, the loss of a significant number of its distribution relationships, the failure to establish new
distribution relationships, the failure to offer increasingly competitive products, the increase in sales of competitors’ services and
products by these distributors or the decline in their overall business activity or the effectiveness of their sales of our insurance
business’s products could materially reduce our insurance business’s sales and revenues and have a material adverse effect on its
business, results of operations and financial condition.
Our insurance business may lose clients or business as a result of consolidation within the financial services industry.
There has been considerable consolidation in the financial services industry, driven primarily by the acquisition of small and
mid-size organizations by larger entities. We expect this trend to continue. Our insurance business may lose business or suffer decreased
revenues if one or more of its significant clients or distributors consolidate or align themselves with other companies. While our
insurance business has not been materially affected by consolidation to date, it may be affected by industry consolidation that occurs
in the future, particularly if any of its significant clients are acquired by organizations that already possess the operations, services
and products that it provides.
A downgrade in our insurance subsidiaries’ claims paying ability or financial strength ratings could increase policy surrenders
and withdrawals, adversely affecting relationships with distributors and reducing new policy sales.
Claims paying ability ratings, sometimes referred to as financial strength ratings, indicate a rating agency’s view of an insurance
company’s ability to meet its obligations to its policy holders. These ratings are therefore key factors underlying the competitive
position of insurers. Some distributors of insurance products may choose not to do business with insurance companies that are rated
below certain financial strength ratings. Our insurance subsidiaries currently have a rating of “A-” from A.M. Best Company, Inc.
Rating agencies can be expected to continue to monitor our insurance subsidiaries’ financial strength and claims paying ability, and
no assurances can be given that future ratings downgrades will not occur, whether due to changes in their performance, changes in
rating agencies’ industry views or ratings methodologies, or a combination of such factors. A ratings downgrade or the potential for
such a downgrade in a rating could, to the extent applicable to a particular type of policy, adversely affect relationships with distributors
of insurance products, reduce new policy sales and adversely affect our ability to compete in the insurance industry.
Our insurance subsidiaries may incur losses if reinsurers are unwilling or unable to meet their obligations under reinsurance
contracts.
Our insurance subsidiaries use reinsurance to reduce the severity and incidence of claims costs, and to provide relief with regard
to certain reserves. Under these reinsurance arrangements, other insurers assume a portion of our losses and related expenses; however,
we remain liable as the direct insurer on all risks reinsured. Consequently, reinsurance arrangements do not eliminate our obligation
to pay claims and we assume credit risk with respect to our ability to recover amounts due from reinsurers. The inability or unwillingness
of any reinsurer to meet its financial obligations could negatively affect our financial condition and results of operations.
Our insurance business’s reinsurance facilities are generally subject to annual renewal. Our insurance business may not be able
to maintain its current reinsurance facilities and its clients may not be able to continue to operate their captive reinsurance companies.
As a result, even where highly desirable or necessary, our insurance business may not be able to obtain other reinsurance facilities in
adequate amounts and at favorable rates. If our insurance business is unable to renew its expiring facilities or to obtain or structure
new reinsurance facilities, either its net exposures would increase or, if it is unwilling to bear an increase in net exposures, it may
have to reduce the level of its underwriting commitments. Either of these potential developments could have a material adverse effect
on our results of operations and financial condition.
Due to the structure of some of our insurance business’s commissions, it is exposed to risks related to the creditworthiness
of some of its agents.
Our insurance business is subject to the credit risk of some of the agents with which it contracts to sell its products and services.
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Our insurance business typically advances agents’ commissions as part of its product offerings. These advances are a percentage of
the premiums charged. If our insurance business over-advances such commissions to agents, the agents may not be able to fulfill their
payback obligations, which could have a material adverse effect on our insurance business’s results of operations and financial
condition.
Our investable assets include NPLs, which have inherent risks that may be exacerbated due to geographic concentrations
and reliance on third parties.
We acquire NPLs where the borrower has failed to make timely payments of principal and/or interest. We purchase these
loans at a discount to face value of the loan, relying on the underlying value of the property as collateral for recovery of our investment.
If actual results are different from our assumptions in determining the prices for such loans, particularly if the market value of the
underlying property decreases significantly, we may incur a loss.
Our portfolio of NPLs may be concentrated by geography and borrower demographics, increasing the risk of loss to us if
the particular concentration in our NPL portfolio is subject to greater risks or undergoes adverse developments. A material decline in
the demand for housing in the areas where we will own assets may materially and adversely affect us.
In addition, we rely on various third parties to help us effectively run our NPL business. For example, we use a third party
asset manager to identify, evaluate and coordinate our NPL acquisitions as well as to manage our NPL portfolio, including loan
modifications and conversion to REO. Furthermore, we rely on third party servicers to service our NPLs, including managing
collections. If the servicers are not vigilant in encouraging borrowers to make their monthly payments, the borrowers may be far less
likely to make these payments. We also rely on our servicers to provide all of our property management and renovation management
services associated with the real properties we acquire upon conversion of NPLs to REO. If our agreements with any such third party
terminates and we are unable to obtain a suitable replacement at attractive costs, our ability to acquire, resolve or dispose of our NPLs
could be adversely affected.
Changes in CLO spreads and an adverse market environment could make it difficult for us to launch new CLOs thereby
reducing management fees paid to Telos, which could adversely affect our profitability.
Telos generates management and advisory fees based on the amount of assets managed, and, in certain cases, on the returns
generated by the assets managed. The ability to issue new CLOs is dependent, in part, on the amount of excess interest earned on a
new CLO’s investments over interest payable on its debt obligations. If the spread is not attractive to potential CLO equity investors
we may not be able to sponsor the issuance of new CLOs, which could have a material adverse impact on Telos’ business. A reduction
in fees paid to Telos, due to an inability to issue new CLOs at attractive terms, termination of existing management agreements,
reduction in assets managed (for example, as a result of exercise of optional call provisions by subordinated noteholders) or lower
than expected returns could adversely affect our results of operations.
In advance of issuing and managing a new CLO, we expect to enter into warehouse agreements which may expose us to
substantial risks.
In connection with our potential investment in and management of new CLOs, we expect to enter into warehouse lending
agreements with warehouse loan providers to finance the purchase of investments that will be ultimately included in a CLO. We
typically select the investments in the warehouse subject to the approval of the warehouse provider. If the relevant CLO transaction
is not issued, the warehouse investments may be liquidated, and we may experience a loss if the aggregate sale price of the collateral
is less than the warehouse loan amount. In addition, regardless of whether the CLO is issued or consummated, if any of the warehoused
investments are sold before such issuance or consummation, we may have to bear any resulting loss on the sale. The amount at risk
in connection with a warehouse agreement will vary and may not be limited to the amount, if any, that we invest in the related CLO
upon its issuance. Although we would expect to complete the issuance of a particular CLO within six to nine months after establishing
a related warehouse, we may not be able to complete the issuance within such expected time period or at all.
Some of our investments are made jointly with other persons or entities, which may limit our flexibility with respect to
such jointly owned investments and could, thereby, have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and
financial condition and our ability to sell these investments.
Some of our investments are made jointly with other persons or entities when circumstances warrant the use of such structures
and we may continue to do so in the future. Our participation in such joint investments is subject to the risks that:
• we could experience an impasse on certain decisions because we do not have sole decision-making authority, which could
require us to expend additional resources on resolving such impasses or potential disputes;
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•
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our partners could have investment goals that are not consistent with our investment objectives, including the timing, terms
and strategies for any investments;
our partners might become bankrupt, fail to fund their share of required capital contributions or fail to fulfill their obligations
as partners, which may require us to infuse our own capital into such venture(s) on behalf of the partner(s) despite other
competing uses for such capital;
our partners may have competing interests in our markets that could create conflict of interest issues;
any sale or other disposition of our interest in such a venture may require consents which we may not be able to obtain;
such transactions may also trigger other contractual rights held by a partner, lender or other third party depending on how
the transaction is structured; and
there may be disagreements as to whether consents and/or approvals are required in connection with the consummation of
a particular transaction with a partner, lender and/or other third party, or whether such transaction triggers other contractual
rights held by a partner, lender and/or other third party, and in either case, those disagreements may result in litigation.
The volume of our mortgage loan originations is subject to a variety of factors, which include the level of interest rates,
overall conditions in the housing market and general economic trends.
Changes in interest rates and the level of interest rates are key drivers that impact the volatility of our mortgage loan
originations. The historically low interest rate environment over the last several years has created strong demand for mortgages. The
Federal Reserve recently raised rates and has indicated an intention to continue raising rates in the near future. Further increases in
interest rates could result in us having lower revenue or profitability. The overwhelming majority of our mortgage loan originations
have historically been refinancing existing homeowner’s mortgage loans. With rates at or near historically low levels, we have been
able to continue to grow our mortgage loan originations by focusing on refinances. With rising interest rates, we may not be able to
continue to do so in the future.
Our mortgage business is highly dependent upon programs administered by GSEs, such as Fannie Mae and Freddie
Mac, and Ginnie Mae, to generate revenues through mortgage loan sales to institutional investors. Any changes in existing U.S.
government-sponsored mortgage programs could materially and adversely affect our mortgage businesses, financial condition
and results of operations.
There is uncertainty regarding the future of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, including with respect to how long they will
continue to be in existence, the extent of their roles in the market and what forms they will have. The future roles of Fannie Mae and
Freddie Mac could be reduced or eliminated and the nature of their guarantees could be limited or eliminated relative to historical
measurements. The elimination or modification of the traditional roles of Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac could adversely affect our
mortgage businesses, financial condition and results of operations. Furthermore, any discontinuation of, or significant reduction in,
the operation of these GSEs and Ginnie Mae, or any significant adverse change in the level of activity of these agencies in the primary
or secondary mortgage markets or in the underwriting criteria of these agencies could materially and adversely affect our business,
financial condition and results of operations.
We may be unable to obtain sufficient capital to meet the financing requirements of our mortgage business.
We fund substantially all of the loans which we originate through borrowings under warehouse financing and repurchase
facilities. Our borrowings are in turn repaid with the proceeds we receive from selling such loans through whole loan sales. As we
expand our operations, we will require increased financing.
There can be no assurance that such financing will be available on terms reasonably satisfactory to us or at all. An event of
default, an adverse action by a regulatory authority or a general deterioration in the economy that constricts the availability of credit-
similar to the market conditions experienced in recent years-may increase our cost of funds and make it difficult for us to obtain new,
or retain existing, warehouse financing facilities. If we fail to maintain, renew or obtain adequate funding under these warehouse
financing facilities or other financing arrangements, or there is a substantial reduction in the size of or increase in the cost of such
facilities, we would have to curtail our mortgage loan production activities, which could have a material adverse effect on our business,
financial condition and operating results in our mortgage business.
In our mortgage business, we may sustain losses and/or be required to indemnify or repurchase loans we originated, or
will originate, if, among other things, our loans fail to meet certain criteria or characteristics.
The contracts with purchasers of our whole loans contain provisions that require us to indemnify or repurchase the related
loans under certain circumstances. While our contracts vary, they contain provisions that require us to repurchase loans if:
•
our representations and warranties concerning loan quality and loan circumstances are inaccurate, including
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representations concerning the licensing of a mortgage broker;
• we fail to secure adequate mortgage insurance within a certain period after closing;
•
• we fail to comply, at the individual loan level or otherwise, with regulatory requirements in the current dynamic regulatory
a mortgage insurance provider denies coverage; or
environment.
We maintain reserves that we believe are appropriate to cover potential loan repurchase or indemnification losses, but there
can be no assurance that such reserves will, in fact, be sufficient to cover future repurchase and indemnification claims. If we are
required to indemnify or repurchase loans that we originate and sell that result in losses that exceed our reserve, this could adversely
affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Furthermore, in the ordinary course of our mortgage business, we are subject to claims made against us by borrowers and
private investors arising from, among other things, losses that are claimed to have been incurred as a result of alleged breaches of
fiduciary obligations, misrepresentations, errors and omissions of our employees, officers and agents (including our appraisers),
incomplete documentation and our failure to comply with various laws and regulations applicable to our business.
In addition, should the mortgage loans we originate sustain higher levels of delinquencies and/or defaults, we may lose the
ability to originate and/or sell FHA loans, or to do so profitably and investors to whom we currently sell our mortgage loans may
refuse to continue to do business with us, or may reduce the prices they are willing to purchase our mortgage loans and it may be
difficult or impossible to sell any of our mortgage loans in the future. Any of the foregoing risks could adversely affect our
business, financial condition and results of operations in our mortgage business.
We may be limited in the future in utilizing net operating losses incurred during prior periods to offset taxable income.
We previously incurred net operating losses. In the event that we experience an “ownership change” within the meaning of
Section 382 of the Code, our ability to use those net operating losses to offset taxable income could be subject to an annual limitation.
The annual limitation would be equal to a percentage of our equity value at the time the ownership change occurred. In general, such
an “ownership change” would occur if the percentage of our stock owned by one or more 5% stockholders (including certain groups
or persons acting in concert) were to increase by 50 percentage points during any three-year period. All stockholders that own less
than 5% of our stock are treated as a single 5% stockholder. In addition, the Treasury Regulations under Section 382 of the Code
contain additional rules the effect of which is to make it more likely that an ownership change could be deemed to occur. Accordingly,
our ability to use prior net operating losses to offset future taxable income would be subject to a limitation if we experience an
ownership change.
We leverage our assets and a decline in the fair value of such assets may adversely affect our financial condition and
results of operations.
We leverage our assets, including through borrowings, generally through warehouse credit facilities, secured loans,
securitizations (including the issuance of CLOs) and other borrowings. A rapid decline in the fair value of our leveraged assets may
adversely affect us. Lenders may require us to post additional collateral to support the borrowing. If we cannot post the additional
collateral, we may have to rapidly liquidate assets, which we may be unable to do on favorable terms or at all. Even after liquidating
assets, we may still be unable to post the required collateral, further harming our liquidity and subjecting us to liability to lenders for
the declines in the fair values of the collateral. A reduction in credit availability may adversely affect our business, financial condition
and results of operations.
Certain of our and our subsidiaries’ assets are subject to credit risk, market risk, interest rate risk, credit spread risk, call
and redemption risk and/or tax risk, and any one of these risks may materially and adversely affect the value of our assets, our
results of operations and our financial condition.
Some of our assets, including our direct investments, are subject to credit risk, interest rate risk, market risk, credit spread
risk, selection risk, call and redemption risk and refinancing risk.
Credit risk is the risk that the obligor will be unable to pay scheduled principal and/or interest payments. Defaults by third
parties in the payment or performance of their obligations could reduce our income and realized gains or result in the recognition of
losses. The fair value of our assets may be materially and adversely affected by increases in interest rates, downgrades in our direct
investments and by other factors that may result in the recognition of other-than-temporary impairments. Each of these events may
cause us to reduce the fair value of our assets.
Interest rate risk is the risk that general interest rates will rise or that the risk spread used in our financings will increase.
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Although interest rates have been at historically low levels for the last several years, the Federal Reserve recently raised rates and
has indicated an intention to continue raising rates in the coming months, and a period of sharply rising interest rates could have an
adverse impact on our business by negatively impacting demand for mortgages, corporate loans and value of our CLO holdings
and increasing our cost of borrowing to finance operations.
Market risk is the risk that one or more markets to which the assets relate will decline in value, including the possibility that
such markets will deteriorate sharply and unpredictably, which will likely impair the market value of the related instruments.
Credit spread risk is the risk that the market value of fixed income instruments will change in response to changes in perceived
or actual credit risk beyond changes that would be attributable to changes, if any, in interest rates.
Call and redemption risk is the risk that fixed income investments will be called or redeemed prior to maturity at a time when
yields on other debt instruments in which the call or redemption proceeds could be invested are lower than the yield on the called or
redeemed instrument.
Refinancing risk is the risk that we will be unable to refinance some or all of our indebtedness or that any refinancing will
not be on terms as favorable as those of our existing indebtedness, which could increase our funding costs, limit our ability to borrow,
or result in a sale of the leveraged asset on disadvantageous terms. Any one of these risks may materially and adversely affect the
value of our assets, our results of operations and our financial condition.
Our risk mitigation or hedging strategies could result in our experiencing significant losses that may materially adversely
affect us.
We pursue risk mitigation and hedging strategies to seek to reduce our exposure to losses from adverse credit events, interest
rate changes and other risks. These strategies have included short Treasury positions, interest rate swaps, foreign exchange derivatives,
credit derivatives and other derivative hedging instruments. Since we account for derivatives at fair market value, changes in fair
market value are reflected in net income other than derivative hedging instruments which are reflected in accumulated other
comprehensive income in stockholders’ equity. Some of these strategies could result in our experiencing significant losses that may
materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
The values we record for certain investments and liabilities are based on estimates of fair value made by our management,
which may cause our operating results to fluctuate and may not be indicative of the value we can realize on a sale.
Some of our investments and liabilities are not actively traded and the fair value of such investments and liabilities are not
readily determinable. Each of these carrying values is based on an estimate of fair value by our management. Management reports
the estimated fair value of these investments and liabilities quarterly, which may cause our quarterly operating results to fluctuate.
Therefore, our past quarterly results may not be indicative of our performance in future quarters. In addition, because such valuations
are inherently uncertain, in some cases based on internal models and unobservable inputs, may fluctuate over short periods of time
and may be based on estimates, our determinations of fair value may differ materially from the values that would have been used if
a ready market for these investments and liabilities existed. As such, we may be unable to realize the carrying value upon a sale of
these investments.
The accounting rules applicable to certain of our transactions are highly complex and require the application of significant
judgment and assumptions by our management. In addition, changes in accounting interpretations or assumptions could impact
our financial statements.
Accounting rules for consolidations, income taxes, business acquisitions, transfers of financial assets, securitization
transactions and other aspects of our operations are highly complex and require the application of judgment and assumptions by our
management. In addition, changes in accounting rules, interpretations or assumptions could materially impact the presentation,
disclosure and usability of our financial statements. For more information see Item 7. “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates”.
Risks Related to our Structure
Because we are a holding company, our ability to meet our obligations and pay dividends to stockholders will depend on
distributions from our subsidiaries that may be subject to restrictions and income from assets.
We are a holding company and do not have any significant operations of our own, other than our principal investments. Our
ability to meet our obligations will depend on distributions from our subsidiaries and income from assets. The amount of dividends
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and other distributions that our subsidiaries may distribute to us may be subject to restrictions imposed by state law, restrictions that
may be imposed by state regulators and restrictions imposed by the terms of any current or future indebtedness that these subsidiaries
may incur. Such restrictions would also affect our ability to pay dividends to stockholders, if and when we choose to do so.
Our insurance business Junior Subordinated Notes due 2057 restrict dividends to us based on the leverage ratio of our
insurance business and its subsidiaries. Our regulated insurance company subsidiaries are required to satisfy minimum capital and
surplus requirements according to the laws and regulations of the states in which they operate, which regulate the amount of dividends
and distributions we receive from them. In general, dividends in excess of prescribed limits are deemed “extraordinary” and require
insurance regulatory approval. Ordinary dividends, for which no regulatory approval is generally required, are limited to amounts
determined by a formula, which varies by state. Some states have an additional stipulation that dividends may only be paid out of
earned surplus. States also regulate transactions between our insurance company subsidiaries and us or our other subsidiaries, such
as those relating to shared services, and in some instances, require prior approval of such transactions within the holding company
structure. If insurance regulators determine that payment of an ordinary dividend or any other payments by our insurance company
subsidiaries to us or our other subsidiaries (such as payments for employee or other services) would be adverse to policyholders or
creditors, the regulators may block or otherwise restrict such payments that would otherwise be permitted without prior approval. In
addition, there could be future regulatory actions restricting the ability of our insurance company subsidiaries to pay dividends or
share services.
Some of our officers and directors currently or may in the future act as members, managers, officers, directors or employees
of entities with conflicting business strategies.
Some of our officers and directors currently or may in the future act as members, managers, officers, directors or employees
of entities with business strategies that may conflict with our business strategies. Michael Barnes, our Executive Chairman, is a
founding partner and Co-Chief Investment Officer of Tricadia. Tricadia’s subsidiaries include, and Mr. Barnes is Co-Chief Investment
officer of, companies that manage hedge funds, private equity funds and structured vehicles with business strategies that may compete
with ours. Jonathan Ilany, our Chief Executive Officer, is a limited partner of Mariner, which is a stockholder of Tiptree and provides
information technology services to Tiptree. Such positions may give rise to actual or potential conflicts of interest, which may not be
resolved in a manner that is in the best interests of the Company or the best interests of its stockholders.
We incur costs as a result of operating as a public company, and our management is required to devote substantial time
to these compliance activities.
As a public company, we incur significant legal, accounting and other costs. In addition, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002,
or the “Sarbanes-Oxley Act,” the Dodd-Frank Act, and the rules of the SEC and Nasdaq, impose various requirements on public
companies. Our management and other personnel devote a substantial amount of time to these compliance activities. Moreover, these
rules and regulations increase our legal and financial compliance costs and make some activities more time-consuming.
Furthermore, if we are not able to comply with the requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act in a timely manner,
the market price of our common stock could decline and we could be subject to potential delisting by Nasdaq and review by such
exchange, the SEC, or other regulatory authorities, which would require the expenditure by us of additional financial and management
resources. As a result, our stockholders could lose confidence in our financial reporting, which would harm our business and the
market price of our common stock.
Some provisions of our charter may delay, deter or prevent takeovers and business combinations that stockholders consider
in their best interests.
Our charter restricts any person that owns 9.8% or more of our capital stock, other than TFP and its affiliates or another
stockholder approved by applicable state insurance regulators, from voting in excess of 9.8% of our voting securities. This provision
is intended to satisfy the requirements of applicable state regulators in connection with insurance laws and regulations that prohibit
any person from acquiring control of a regulated insurance company without the prior approval of the insurance regulators. In addition,
our charter provides for the classification of our board of directors into three classes, one of which is to be elected each year. Our
charter also generally only permits stockholders to act without a meeting by unanimous consent. These provisions may delay, deter
or prevent takeovers and business combinations that stockholders consider in their best interests.
Maryland takeover statutes may prevent a change of our control, which could depress our stock price.
Maryland law provides that “control shares” of a corporation acquired in a “control share acquisition” will have no voting
rights except to the extent approved by a vote of two-thirds of the votes entitled to be cast on the matter under the Maryland Control
Share Acquisition Act. “Control shares” means voting shares of stock that, if aggregated with all other shares of stock owned by the
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acquirer or in respect of which the acquirer is able to exercise or direct the exercise of voting power (except solely by virtue of a
revocable proxy), would entitle the acquirer to exercise voting power in electing directors within one of the following ranges of voting
power: one-tenth or more but less than one-third; one-third or more but less than a majority; or a majority or more of all voting power.
A “control share acquisition” means the acquisition of issued and outstanding control shares, subject to certain exceptions.
Under Maryland law, “business combinations” between a Maryland corporation and an interested stockholder or an affiliate
of an interested stockholder are prohibited for five years after the most recent date on which such stockholder became an interested
stockholder. These business combinations include a merger, consolidation, share exchange or, in circumstances specified in the statute,
an asset transfer or issuance or reclassification of equity securities.
Our bylaws contain a provision exempting from the control share statute any and all acquisitions by any person of our shares
of stock. Our board of directors has also adopted a resolution which provides that any business combination between us and any other
person is exempted from the provisions of the business combination statute, provided that the business combination is first approved
by the board of directors. However, our board of directors may amend or eliminate this provision in our bylaws regarding the control
share statute or amend or repeal this resolution regarding the business combination statute. If our board takes such action in the future,
the control share and business combination statutes may prevent or discourage others from trying to acquire control of us and increase
the difficulty of consummating any offer, including potential acquisitions that might involve a premium price for our common stock
or otherwise be in the best interest of our stockholders.
Our holding company structure with multiple lines of business, may adversely impact the market price of our Class A
common stock and our ability to raise equity and debt capital.
Tiptree holds and manages multiple lines of business. Analysts, investors and lenders may have difficulty analyzing and
valuing a company with multiple lines of business, which could adversely impact the market price of our Class A common stock and
our ability to raise equity and debt capital at a holding company level. Moreover, our management is required to make decisions
regarding the allocation of capital among the different lines of business, and such decisions could materially and adversely affect our
business or one or more of our lines of business.
Risks Related to Regulatory and Legal Matters
Maintenance of our 1940 Act exemption imposes limits on our operations.
We conduct our operations so that we are not required to register as an investment company under the 1940 Act. Therefore,
we must limit the types and nature of businesses in which we engage and assets that we acquire. We monitor our compliance with the
1940 Act on an ongoing basis and may be compelled to take or refrain from taking actions, to acquire additional income or loss
generating assets or to forgo opportunities that might otherwise be beneficial or advisable, including, but not limited to selling assets
that are considered to be investment securities or forgoing the sale of assets that are not investment securities, in order to ensure that
we (or a subsidiary) may continue to rely on the applicable exceptions or exemptions. These limitations on our freedom of action
could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.
If we fail to maintain an exemption, exception or other exclusion from registration as an investment company, we could,
among other things, be required to substantially change the manner in which we conduct our operations either to avoid being required
to register as an investment company or to register as an investment company. If we were required to register as an investment company
under the 1940 Act, we would become subject to substantial regulation with respect to, among other things, our capital structure
(including our ability to use leverage), management, operations, transactions with affiliated persons (as defined in the 1940 Act),
portfolio composition, including restrictions with respect to diversification and industry concentration, and our financial condition
and results of operations may be adversely affected. If we did not register despite being required to do so, criminal and civil actions
could be brought against us, our contracts would be unenforceable unless a court were to require enforcement, and a court could
appoint a receiver to take control of us and liquidate our business.
A change in law, regulation or regulatory enforcement applicable to insurance products could adversely affect our financial
condition and results of operations.
A change in state or U.S. federal tax laws could materially affect our insurance businesses. Currently, our insurance business
does not collect sales or other related taxes on its services. Whether sales of our insurance business’s services are subject to state sales
and use taxes is uncertain, due in part to the nature of its services and the relationships through which its services are offered, as well
as changing state laws and interpretations of those laws. One or more states may seek to impose sales or use tax or other tax collection
obligations on our insurance business, whether based on sales by our insurance business or its resellers or clients, including for past
sales. A successful assertion that our insurance business should be collecting sales or other related taxes on its services could result
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in substantial tax liabilities for past sales, discourage customers from purchasing its services, discourage clients from offering or
billing for its services, or otherwise cause material harm to its business, financial condition and results of operations.
With regard to our insurance business’s payment protection products, there are federal and state laws and regulations that
govern the disclosures related to lenders’ sales of those products. Our insurance business’s ability to offer and administer these products
on behalf of financial institutions is dependent upon their continued ability to sell such products. To the extent that federal or state
laws or regulations change to restrict or prohibit the sale of these products, our insurance business’s revenues would be adversely
affected. For example, the CFPB’s enforcement actions have resulted in large refunds and civil penalties against financial institutions
in connection with their marketing of payment protection and other products. Due to such regulatory actions, some lenders may reduce
their sales and marketing of payment protection and other ancillary products, which may adversely affect our insurance business’s
revenues. The full impact of the CFPB’s oversight is unpredictable and continues to evolve. With respect to the property and casualty
insurance policies our insurance business underwrites, federal legislative proposals regarding national catastrophe insurance, if adopted,
could reduce the business need for some of the related products that our insurance business provides.
Compliance with existing and new regulations affecting our business in regulated industries may increase costs and limit
our ability to pursue business opportunities.
We are subject to extensive laws and regulations administered and enforced by a number of different federal and state
governmental authorities in the industries in which we operate. Regulation of such industries may increase. In the past several years,
there has been significant legislation affecting financial services, insurance and health care, including the Dodd-Frank Act and the
Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. In addition, the New York Department of Financial Services has adopted Cybersecurity
regulations applicable to our insurance and mortgage operations in New York. Accordingly, we cannot predict the impact that any
new laws and regulations will have on us. The costs to comply with these laws and regulations may be substantial and could have a
significant negative impact on us and limit our ability to pursue business opportunities. We can give no assurances that with changes
to laws and regulations, our businesses can continue to be conducted in each jurisdiction in the manner as we have in the past.
Our insurance subsidiaries are subject to regulation by state and, in some cases, foreign insurance authorities with respect
to statutory capital, reserve and other requirements. The laws of the various states in which our insurance businesses operate establish
insurance departments and other regulatory agencies with broad powers to preclude or temporarily suspend our insurance subsidiaries
from carrying on some or all of their activities or otherwise fine or penalize them in any jurisdiction in which they operate. Such
regulation or compliance could reduce our insurance businesses’ profitability or limit their growth by increasing the costs of compliance,
limiting or restricting the products or services they sell, or the methods by which they sell their services and products, or subjecting
their business to the possibility of regulatory actions or proceedings.
Due to the highly regulated nature of the residential mortgage industry, our mortgage subsidiaries are required to comply
with a wide array of federal, state and local laws and regulations that regulate licensing, allowable fees and loan terms, permissible
servicing and debt collection practices, limitations on forced-placed insurance, special consumer protections in connection with default
and foreclosure, and protection of confidential, nonpublic consumer information. In addition, mortgage servicers must comply with
U.S. federal, state and local laws and regulations that regulate, among other things, the manner in which they service our NPL mortgage
loans and manage our real property. These laws and regulations are constantly changing and the volume of new or modified laws and
regulations has increased in recent years as states and local cities and counties continue to enact laws that either restrict or impose
additional obligations in connection with certain loan origination, acquisition and servicing activities in those cities and counties.
These laws and regulations are complex and vary greatly among different states and localities, and in some cases, these laws are in
conflict with each other or with U.S. federal law. A failure by us or our servicers to comply with applicable laws or regulations could
subject our mortgage businesses and/or our mortgage servicers to lawsuits or governmental actions, which could result in the loss or
suspension of our licenses in the applicable jurisdictions where such violations occur and/or monetary fines or changes in our mortgage
operations. If we were to determine to change servicers, there is no assurance that we could find servicers that satisfy our requirements
or with whom we could enter into agreements on satisfactory terms. Any of these outcomes could materially and adversely affect our
mortgage businesses.
Changes to consumer protection laws or changes in their interpretation may impede collection efforts in connection with our
investments in NPLs, delaying and/or reducing our returns on these investments. The CFPB has specifically focused on servicing and
foreclosure practices, especially as it relates to the servicing of delinquent loans. Many of these laws and regulations are focused on
sub-prime borrowers and are intended to curtail or prohibit some industry standard practices. While we believe that our practices are
in compliance with these changes and enhanced regulations, certain of our collections methods could be prohibited in the future,
forcing us to revise our practices and implement more costly or less effective policies and procedures. Federal or state bankruptcy or
debtor relief laws could offer additional protection to borrowers seeking bankruptcy protection, providing a court greater leeway to
reduce or discharge amounts owed to us. As a result, some of these changes in laws and regulations could impact our expected returns
and/or ability to recover some of our investment.
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TAMCO is an asset management holding company registered with the SEC as an investment advisor and is subject to various
federal and state laws and regulations and rules of various securities regulators and exchanges. These laws and regulations primarily
are intended to protect clients and generally grant supervisory agencies broad administrative powers, including the power to limit or
restrict the carrying on of business for failure to comply with such laws and regulations. Possible sanctions that may be imposed
include the suspension of individual employees, limitations on engaging in business for specific periods, the revocation of the
registration as an investment adviser, censures and fines.
The final rules implementing the credit risk retention requirements of the Dodd-Frank Act became effective beginning on
December 24, 2016 with respect to CLOs (the “Risk Retention Rules”). The Risk Retention Rules generally require sponsors of asset-
backed securities transactions or their affiliates to retain not less than 5% of the credit risk of the assets collateralizing asset-backed
securities for the life of the vehicle. The Risk Retention Rules also generally prohibit hedging the credit risk that is required to be
retained. The Risk Retention Rules may impact our returns in the business, and thus our ability or desire to manage CLOs in the future.
We are exploring multiple alternatives for compliance with the Risk Retention Rules.
While the CFPB does not have direct jurisdiction over insurance products, it is possible that regulatory actions taken by the
CFPB may affect the sales practices related to these products and thereby potentially affect our insurance business or the clients that
it serves. In March 2015, the CFPB announced it is considering proposing rules under its unfair, deceptive and abusive acts and
practices rulemaking authority relating to consumer installment loans, among other things. If and when implemented CFPB rules
regarding consumer installment loans could adversely impact our insurance business’s volume of insurance products and services and
cost structure. In addition, the CFPB’s enforcement actions and examinations have resulted in large refunds and civil penalties against
financial institutions in connection with their marketing of payment protection and other products. Due to such regulatory actions,
some lenders may reduce their sales and marketing of payment protection and other ancillary products, which may adversely affect
our insurance business’s revenues.
Our businesses are subject to risks related to litigation and regulatory actions.
Over the last several years, businesses in many areas of the financial services industry have been subject to increasing amounts
of regulatory scrutiny. In addition, there has been an increase in litigation involving firms in the financial services industry and public
companies generally, some of which have involved new types of legal claims, particularly in the insurance industry. We may be
materially and adversely affected by judgments, settlements, fines, penalties, unanticipated costs or other effects of legal and
administrative proceedings now pending or that may be instituted in the future, including from investigations by regulatory bodies or
administrative agencies. An adverse outcome of any investigation by, or other inquiries from, any such bodies or agencies also could
result in non-monetary penalties or sanctions, loss of licenses or approvals, changes in personnel, increased review and scrutiny of
us by our clients, counterparties, regulatory authorities, potential litigants, the media and others, any of which could have a material
adverse effect on us.
Failure to protect our clients’ confidential information and privacy could result in the loss of our reputation and customers,
reduction in our profitability and subject us to fines, penalties and litigation and adversely affect our results of operations and
financial condition.
We and our subsidiaries retain confidential information in our information systems, and we are subject to a variety of privacy
regulations and confidentiality obligations. For example, some of the Company’s subsidiaries are subject to the privacy regulations
of the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act. We and certain of our subsidiaries also have contractual obligations to protect confidential information
we obtain from third parties. These obligations generally require us, in accordance with applicable laws, to protect such information
to the same extent that we protect our own confidential information. We have implemented physical, administrative and logical security
systems with the intent of maintaining the physical security of our facilities and systems and protecting our clients’ and their customers’
confidential information and personally-identifiable information against unauthorized access through our information systems or by
other electronic transmission or through misdirection, theft or loss of data. Despite such efforts, we may be subject to a breach of our
security systems that results in unauthorized access to our facilities and/or the information we are trying to protect. Anyone who is
able to circumvent our security measures and penetrate our information systems could access, view, misappropriate, alter or delete
any information in the systems, including personally identifiable customer information and proprietary business information. In
addition, most states require that customers be notified if a security breach results in the disclosure of personally-identifiable customer
information. Any compromise of the security of our or our subsidiaries’ information systems that results in inappropriate disclosure
of such information could result in, among other things, unfavorable publicity and damage to our and our subsidiaries’ reputation,
governmental inquiry and oversight, difficulty in marketing our services, loss of clients, significant civil and criminal liability, litigation
and the incurrence of significant technical, legal and other expenses, any of which may have a material adverse effect on our results
of operations and financial condition.
23
Cyberattacks targeting Tiptree’s process control networks or other digital infrastructure could have a material adverse
impact on the company’s business and results of operations
There are numerous and evolving risks to cybersecurity and privacy from cyber threat actors, including criminal hackers,
state-sponsored intrusions, industrial espionage and employee malfeasance. These cyber threat actors are becoming more
sophisticated and coordinated in their attempts to access the Company’s information technology (“IT”) systems and data, including
the IT systems of cloud providers and third parties with which the Company conducts business. Although the Company devotes
significant resources to prevent unwanted intrusions and to protect its systems and data, whether such data is housed internally or
by external third parties, the Company has experienced immaterial cyber incidents and will continue to experience cyber incidents
of varying degrees in the conduct of its business. Cyber threat actors could compromise the Company’s process control networks
or other critical systems and infrastructure, resulting in disruptions to its business operations, access to its financial reporting
systems, or loss, misuse or corruption of its critical data and proprietary information, including without limitation its business
information and that of its employees, customers, partners and other third parties. Cyber events could result in significant financial
losses, legal or regulatory violations, reputational harm, and legal liability and could ultimately have a material adverse effect on
the Company’s business and results of operations.
We have had a material weakness in internal control over financial reporting in the past and cannot assure you that
additional material weaknesses will not be identified in the future. Our failure to implement and maintain effective internal
control over financial reporting could result in material misstatements in our financial statements which could require us to
restate financial statements, cause investors to lose confidence in our reported financial information and have a negative effect
on our stock price.
As reported in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015, management and our independent
registered public accounting firm identified a material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting. We have
remediated this material weakness, by implementing corrective measures as described in Item 9A. Controls and Procedures of our
Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016.
We cannot assure you that additional material weaknesses or significant deficiencies in our internal control over financial
reporting will not be identified in the future. Any failure to maintain or implement required new or improved controls, or any
difficulties we encounter in their implementation, could result in additional material weaknesses or significant deficiencies, cause
us to fail to meet our periodic reporting obligations or result in material misstatements in our financial statements. Any such failure
could also adversely affect the results of periodic management evaluations regarding the effectiveness of our internal control over
financial reporting. The existence of a material weakness or significant deficiency could result in errors in our financial statements
that could result in a restatement of financial statements, cause us to fail to meet our reporting obligations and cause investors to
lose confidence in our reported financial information, leading to a decline in our stock price.
Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments
None.
Item 2. Properties
Our principal executive office is located at 780 Third Avenue, 21st Floor, New York, New York 10017. We and our subsidiaries lease
properties throughout the United States, all of which are used as administrative offices. We believe that the terms of their leases at
each of our subsidiaries are sufficient to meet our present needs and we do not anticipate any difficulty in securing additional space,
as needed, on acceptable terms.
As of December 31, 2017, the Company’s owned real estate properties consisted of 42 properties in our senior living operations (which
were all sold to Invesque in February 2018), which are located across 11 states primarily in the Mid-Atlantic and Southern United
States and 91 single family properties in our insurance segment consisting of REO properties resulting from our investments in non-
performing residential mortgage loans.
Item 3. Legal Proceedings
Litigation
Fortegra is a defendant in Mullins v. Southern Financial Life Insurance Co., which was filed in February 2006, in the Pike Circuit
Court, in the Commonwealth of Kentucky. A class was certified in June 2010. At issue is the duration or term of coverage under certain
disability and life credit insurance policies. The action alleges violations of the Consumer Protection Act and certain insurance statutes,
24
as well as common law fraud and seeks compensatory and punitive damages, attorney fees and interest. To date, the court has not
awarded sanctions in connection with Plaintiffs’ April 2012 Motion for Sanctions. In January 2015, the trial court issued an Order
denying Fortegra’s motion to decertify the class, which was upheld on appeal. Following a February 2017 hearing, the court denied
Fortegra’s Motion for Summary Judgment as to certain disability insurance policies. In January 2018, in response to a Plaintiffs’
Motion the court vacated its November 2017 order granting Fortegra’s Motion for Summary Judgment as to the life certificates at
issue with leave to refile. No trial or additional hearings are currently scheduled.
Tiptree considers such litigation customary in the insurance industry. In management's opinion, based on information available at this
time, the ultimate resolution of such litigation, which it is vigorously defending, should not be materially adverse to the financial
position of Tiptree. It should be noted that large punitive damage awards, bearing little relation to actual damages sustained by plaintiffs,
have been awarded in certain states against other companies in the credit insurance business. At this time, the Company cannot estimate
a range of loss that is reasonably possible.
Tiptree and its subsidiaries are parties to other legal proceedings in the ordinary course of business. Although Tiptree’s legal and
financial liability with respect to such proceedings cannot be estimated with certainty, Tiptree does not believe that these proceedings,
either individually or in the aggregate, are likely to have a material adverse effect on Tiptree’s financial position.
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
Not applicable.
PART II
Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
Market Information
Tiptree’s Class A common stock has traded on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the ticker symbol “TIPT” since August 9, 2013.
Holders
As of December 31, 2017, there were 104 Class A common stockholders of record. This number does not include beneficial owners
whose shares are held by nominees in street name.
Stock Price and Dividends
The following table sets forth the high and low stock prices per share of our Class A common stock and the dividends declared and
paid per share on our Class A common stock for the periods indicated.
2017
First Quarter
Second Quarter
Third Quarter
Fourth Quarter
2016
First Quarter
Second Quarter
Third Quarter
Fourth Quarter
High Price Low Price Dividends
0.030
$
0.030
$
0.030
$
0.030
$
6.00 $
5.80 $
5.69 $
5.75 $
7.45 $
7.60 $
7.20 $
7.23 $
High Price Low Price Dividends
0.025
$
0.025
$
0.025
$
0.025
$
6.78 $
6.82 $
6.16 $
7.15 $
5.33 $
4.74 $
5.03 $
5.53 $
Our Class B common stock is not listed nor traded on any stock exchange.
Our payment of dividends in the future will be determined by our Board of Directors and will depend on business conditions, our
earnings and other factors.
25
Item 6. Selected Financial Data
The following tables set forth our consolidated selected financial data for the periods and as of the dates indicated and are derived
from our audited Consolidated Financial Statements. The following consolidated financial data should be read in conjunction with
Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (“MD&A”) in ITEM 7 of this Form 10-K
and the consolidated financial statements and related notes included in Item 8 of this Form 10-K. All amounts pertaining to our results
of operations and financial condition are presented on a continuing operations basis. All acquisitions by Tiptree during the five years
ended December 31, 2017 are included in results of operations since their respective dates of acquisition.
Consolidated Statement of Operations Data:
(in thousands, except shares and per share amounts)
Total revenues
Total expenses
Net income (loss) attributable to consolidated CLOs
Income (loss) before taxes from continuing operations
Less: provision (benefit) for income taxes
Net income (loss) from continuing operations
Net income (loss) from discontinued operations
Net income (loss) before non-controlling interests
Less: net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests
Net income (loss) attributable to Tiptree Inc. Class A common stockholders
Net income (loss) per Class A common share:
Basic, continuing operations, net
Basic, discontinued operations, net
Basic earnings per share
Diluted, continuing operations, net
Diluted, discontinued operations, net
Diluted earnings per share
Weighted average number of Class A common shares:
Basic
Diluted
2017(1)
581,798
595,585
10,457
(3,330)
(12,562)
9,232
(3,998)
5,234
1,630
3,604
0.22
(0.10)
0.12
0.21
(0.10)
0.11
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
For the Years Ended December 31,
2015(1)(3)
2016(1)
506,423
477,537
20,254
49,140
12,515
36,625
(4,287)
32,338
7,018
25,320
0.88
(0.09)
0.79
0.86
(0.08)
0.78
$
$
$
$
$
2014(1)(2)(3)
51,032
$
72,940
19,525
(2,383)
5,317
(7,700)
12,284
4,584
6,294
(1,710) $
$
392,331
388,346
(6,889)
(2,904)
(753)
(2,151)
10,953
8,802
3,023
5,779
(0.01) $
0.18
0.17
(0.01)
0.18
0.17
$
(0.58) $
0.48
(0.10)
(0.58)
0.48
(0.10) $
2013(1)(4)
14,869
24,258
28,865
19,476
854
18,622
22,107
40,729
30,336
10,393
0.48
0.53
1.01
0.48
0.53
1.01
29,134,190
37,306,632
31,721,449
31,766,674
33,202,681
33,202,681
16,771,980
16,771,980
10,250,438
10,250,438
Cash dividends paid per common share
$
0.12
$
0.10
$
0.10
$
— $
0.175
Consolidated Balance Sheet Data: (in thousands)
Total assets (5)
Debt, net (6)
Total stockholders’ equity
Total Tiptree Inc. stockholders’ equity
2017
$ 1,989,742
2016
$ 2,890,050
As of December 31,
2015
$ 2,494,970
2014
$ 8,202,447
2013
$ 6,872,271
$
346,081
396,774
300,077
$
554,870
390,144
293,431
$
502,255
397,694
312,840
$
254,072
401,621
284,462
$
188,978
396,896
98,979
(1) Care revenues of $76.0 million, $60.7 million, $46.1 million, $29.3 million and $8.9 million and net income (loss) of $(4.0) million, $(4.3) million, $(11.7) million, $4.3 million and
$(2.9) million for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively, are included in Net income (loss) from discontinued operations, net.
(2) 2014 results reflects the impact of the acquisition of Fortegra in December 2014.
(3) PFG revenues of $40.5 million and $78.7 million and net income of $7.0 million and $7.9 million for the years ended December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively, and
gain on sale of $15.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2015 are included in Net income (loss) from discontinued operations, net.
(4) Reflects the combination of Tiptree Inc. and Care. Prior to July 1, 2013 Care was a public REIT and dividends reflect those paid by Care and Tiptree.
(5) Total assets on December 31, 2016, 2015, 2014, and 2013 include $989.5 million, $728.8 million, $1,978.1 million, and $1,405.4 million and of assets held by consolidated CLO
entities, respectively.
(6) Excludes debt of discontinued operations.
26
Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Our Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Conditions and Results of Operations is presented in this section as
follows:
• Overview
• Results of Operations
• Non-GAAP Reconciliations
• Liquidity and Capital Resources
• Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
• Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
OVERVIEW
Tiptree is a holding company that combines insurance operations with investment management expertise. Our principal operating
subsidiary is a leading provider of specialty insurance products and related services, including credit protection insurance, warranty
and service contract products, and insurance programs which underwrite niche personal and commercial lines of insurance. We also
allocate capital across a broad spectrum of investments, which we refer to as Tiptree Capital. Today, Tiptree Capital consists of asset
management operations, mortgage operations and other investments, which effective February 1, 2018, include our minority interest
in Invesque. When considering capital allocation decisions, we take a diversified approach, looking across sectors, geographies and
asset classes, all with a longer-term horizon. We evaluate our performance primarily by the comparison of our shareholder’s long-
term total return on capital, as measured by Adjusted EBITDA and growth in book value per share plus dividends.
During 2017 and early 2018, in furtherance of our strategy to grow sustainable earnings and Adjusted EBITDA, we executed on
several strategic objectives:
Insurance:
•
Specialty Insurance operations continued to grow and expand product offerings. Gross written premiums were $767
million, up 8.3%, driven by growth in warranty and credit products. Net written premiums were $418 million, up 24.0%,
driven by increase in retention of credit products and growth in warranty products.
In Q4'17, we completed the issuance of $125 million of 40 year Junior Subordinated Notes which refinanced existing
indebtedness and strengthened the capital position as part of our strategy to grow the insurance company.
•
Tiptree Capital:
• On February 1, 2018, we sold our senior living operations to Invesque in exchange for 16.6 million shares of Invesque
common stock. Tiptree’s increase to book value was approximately $0.91 per share, or a 9.1% increase over our
December 31, 2017 book value per share, as exchanged. The transaction is expected to be accretive to our 2018 GAAP
earnings per share and Adjusted EBITDA. At December 31, 2017, our senior living operations are carried as discontinued
operations.
• Through the Invesque transaction, along with additional pending or closed sales in 2017, Tiptree’s consolidated debt was
reduced by $518 million from September 30, 2017 to December 31, 2017. After giving effect to these transactions, the
Company’s debt to equity leverage was reduced from 2.2x to less than 0.9x.
• On October 1, 2017, we sold our investment in our commercial lending subsidiary for $13.5 million in a combination of
cash and a seller’s note.
• On December 12, 2017, we entered into a definitive agreement to sell Luxury Mortgage. The agreement is subject to,
among other things, regulatory approval, and is expected to close during the second half of 2018.
• Throughout 2017, we exited substantially all of our CLO subordinated note positions and related hedges for $3.9 million
in gains over our carrying value.
• As a result of the above divestitures, we have approximately $90 million of cash, net of cash at regulated insurance
subsidiaries, that can be used for investments and acquisitions.
• We returned $11.8 million to investors through $7.3 million of share buy-backs and $4.5 million of dividends paid.
Our results of operations are affected by a variety of factors including, but not limited to, general economic conditions and GDP
growth, market liquidity and volatility, consumer confidence, U.S. demographics, employment and wage growth, business confidence
and investment, inflation, interest rates and spreads, the impact of the regulatory environment, and the other factors set forth in Item
1A. “Risk Factors” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017. Generally, our businesses are
positively affected by a healthy U.S. consumer, stable to gradually rising interest rates, stable markets and business conditions and
the aging U.S. population. Conversely, rising unemployment, volatile markets, rapidly rising interest rates and slowing business
conditions can have a material adverse effect on our results of operations or financial condition.
Our specialty insurance business focuses on products which are low severity but high frequency loss profile and short-duration in
nature. Our insurance business has historically also generated a significant proportion of fee based revenues. In general, the types of
27
products we offer tend to have limited aggregation risk, and thus, limited catastrophic and residual risk. We mitigate our underwriting
risk through a combination of reinsurance and retrospective commission structures with our distribution partners and/or third party
reinsurers. Our insurance results primarily depend on our pricing, underwriting, risk retention and the accuracy of reserves, reinsurance
arrangements, returns on invested assets, and policy and contract renewals and run-off. While our insurance operations have historically
maintained a relatively stable combined ratio which support steady earnings, our initiatives to change our business mix along with
economic factors could generate different results than we have historically experienced. We believe there are additional growth
opportunities to expand our warranty and programs insurance business model to other niche products and markets.
Our insurance company investment portfolio primarily serves as a source to pay claims and secondarily as a source of income for our
operations. Our investments include fixed maturity securities, loans, credit investment funds, equity securities, CLOs, and senior
living related assets. Many of our investments are held at fair value. Changes in fair value for loans, credit investment funds, equity
securities and CLO assets and liabilities are reported quarterly as unrealized gains or losses in revenues and can be impacted by
changes in interest rates, credit risk, or market risk, including specific company or industry factors. When credit markets are performing
well, loans held in our CLOs and credit fund investments may prepay, subjecting those investments to reinvestment risk. In deteriorating
credit environments, default risk can impact the performance of our investments, as well as flowing through income as unrealized
losses. Our equity holdings are relatively concentrated. General equity market trends, along with company and industry specific
factors, can impact the fair value of our holdings and can result in unrealized gains and losses affecting our results. In addition, separate
from our insurance company investments, as of February 1, 2018, our common shares of Invesque will represent a significant asset
on our balance sheet. Any change in the fair value of Invesque’s common stock or Invesque’s dividend policy could have a significant
impact on our financial condition and results of operations.
Our business can also be impacted in various ways by changes in interest rates which can result in fluctuations in fair value of our
investments, revenues associated with floating rate loans, volume and revenues in our mortgage business and interest expense associated
with floating rate debt used to fund many of our operations.
On December 22, 2017, the U.S. government enacted the Tax Act, which, among other things, reduces the corporate federal income
tax rate from 35% to 21% effective January 1, 2018. As a result of the Tax Act, we remeasured our net deferred tax liabilities and
recognized a net tax benefit of $15.2 million. We estimate that our 2018 consolidated effective tax rate will be between 24% and 26%.
We do not expect a significant near-term impact on cash used to pay taxes.
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following is a summary of our consolidated financial results. Management uses Adjusted EBITDA and book value per share, as
exchanged, as measurements of operating performance which are non-GAAP measures. Management believes the use of Adjusted
EBITDA provides supplemental information useful to investors as it is frequently used by the financial community to analyze financial
performance, and to analyze a company’s ability to service its debt and to facilitate comparison among companies. Adjusted EBITDA
is also used in determining incentive compensation for the Company’s executive officers. Adjusted EBITDA is not a measurement
of financial performance or liquidity under GAAP and should not be considered as an alternative or substitute for GAAP net income.
Book value per share, as exchanged assumes full exchange of the limited partners units of TFP for Tiptree Class A common stock.
Management believes the use of this financial measure provides supplemental information useful to investors as it is frequently used
by the financial community to analyze company growth on a relative per share basis.
Selected Key Metrics
($ in thousands)
GAAP:
Total revenues
Net income before non-controlling interests
Net income attributable to Tiptree Inc. Class A common stockholders
Diluted earnings per share
Cash dividends paid per common share
$
$
Year Ended December 31,
2016
506,423
32,338
25,320
0.78
0.10
2017
581,798
5,234
3,604
0.11
0.12
$
2015
392,331
8,802
5,779
0.17
0.10
Non-GAAP: (1)
Adjusted EBITDA
Book value per share, as exchanged
37,988
9.97
$
78,916
10.14
58,419
8.90
(1) For further information relating to the Company’s Adjusted EBITDA and book value per share, as exchanged, including a reconciliation to GAAP financials, see “—Non-GAAP
Reconciliations.”
Revenues
28
The increase in revenues from 2016 to 2017 was $75.4 million, or 14.9%, driven by growth in earned premiums and net investment
income in our insurance operations, partially offset by reduced service and administrative fees, ceding commissions, and unrealized
losses on equities in our specialty insurance investment portfolio, as compared to prior period gains. This was consistent with our
strategy to grow written premiums of our insurance business which contributes to increased investable assets and investment income.
In addition to the growth in revenues, the combination of unearned premiums and deferred revenues on the balance sheet grew by
$93.0 million or 19.9%, as we continue to grow credit protection and warranty written premiums, which are earned over multiple
years.
For the year ended December 31, 2016, the Company reported revenues of $506.4 million, an increase of $114.1 million or 29.1% from
the year ended December 31, 2015. The primary drivers of the increase in revenues were increases in earned premiums, service and
administrative fees and investment income in our specialty insurance segment, increases in management incentive fees and returns
on associated investments in our asset management segment, and increased mortgage volume.
Net Income (Loss) before non-controlling interests
For the year ended December 31, 2017, net income before non-controlling interests was $5.2 million compared to net income of $32.3
million in the 2016 period, a decrease of $27.1 million, or 83.8%. The decline was primarily a result of the unrealized losses on equities
in our insurance investment portfolio, compared to unrealized gains in the prior period. Increased stock-based compensation expense
in specialty insurance and increased earn-out expense associated with our Reliance acquisition also contributed to the decline. We
also reduced our exposure to CLO subordinated notes throughout 2017 which resulted in less distributions compared to 2016. Those
factors were partially offset by a net tax benefit of $15.2 million driven by remeasurement of our net deferred tax liabilities as a result
of the Tax Act’s change in federal income tax rate from 35% to 21% and decreases in corporate expenses.
For the year ended December 31, 2016, net income before non-controlling interests was $32.3 million compared to $8.8 million in
2015. The key drivers of the $23.5 million increase were improved profitability in our specialty insurance segment driven by higher
revenues and investment income, including unrealized gains on equities, increased profits from our asset management segment as a
result of incentive fees and higher CLO subordinated note returns, increased rental income in our senior living operations impacting
discontinued operations, and increases in mortgage volume and margins due to improving market conditions. This increased income
was partially offset by higher corporate expenses from increased performance related incentive compensation and costs associated
with our effort to improve our controls and financial reporting infrastructure. In addition, in 2015, we recorded $22.6 million of
earnings from discontinued operations of PFG, which included the one-time net gain on the sale of $15.6 million, which did not repeat
in 2016. Finally, a tax benefit of $4.0 million was recognized in the first quarter of 2016, which was driven by the tax reorganization
effective January 1, 2016.
Net Income (Loss) Available to Class A Common Stockholders
For the year ended December 31, 2017, net income available to Class A common stockholders was $3.6 million, a decrease of $21.7
million from the prior year period. For the year ended December 31, 2016, net income available to Class A common stockholders was
$25.3 million, an increase of $19.5 million, from the prior year period. The key drivers of net income available to Class A common
stockholders were the same factors which impacted the net income before non-controlling interests.
Adjusted EBITDA - Non GAAP
Total Adjusted EBITDA for the year ended December 31, 2017 was $38.0 million compared to $78.9 million for the 2016 period, a
decrease of $40.9 million, or 51.8%. The key drivers of the change in Adjusted EBITDA were the same as those which impacted our
net income before non controlling interests, excluding the increase in the Reliance earn-out expense, the change in the tax provision
and non-recurring expenses which were added back to Adjusted EBITDA. See “— Non-GAAP Reconciliations” for a reconciliation
to GAAP net income.
Total Adjusted EBITDA for the year ended December 31, 2016 was $78.9 million compared to $58.4 million for 2015, an increase
of $20.5 million or 35.1%. The key drivers of the change in Adjusted EBITDA were the same as those which impacted our net income
before non controlling interests. See “— Non-GAAP Reconciliations” for a reconciliation to GAAP net income.
Book Value per share, as exchanged - Non GAAP
Total stockholders’ equity was $396.8 million as of December 31, 2017 compared to $390.1 million as of December 31, 2016, primarily
driven by 2017 net income and the net increase in equity outstanding as a result of an option exercise, net of the share re-purchase.
As exchanged book value per share for the period ended December 31, 2017 was $9.97, a decrease from $10.14 as of December 31,
2016. The key drivers of the period-over-period impact were increases in net income that drove 2017 diluted earnings per share of
$0.11 and the purchase of 1.0 million shares at an average 28% discount to book value. Those increases were more than offset by
29
dividends paid of $0.12, officer and director compensation share issuances, and the exercise of an option in June 2017, the latter of
which resulted in 1.5 million shares being issued at $5.36 per share. Given the strike price of the option, the impact was a $0.19
reduction to book value per share. In 2017, Tiptree returned $11.8 million to shareholders through share repurchases and dividends
paid.
The increase in book value per share from 2015 to 2016 was driven by increases in net income that drove 2016 diluted earnings per
share of $0.78, and purchases of 6.8 million shares at an average 30% discount to book value. Those increases were partially offset
by dividends paid of $0.10 and officer and director compensation share issuances. In 2016, Tiptree returned $47.8 million to shareholders
through share repurchases and dividends paid.
Key Non-Cash Drivers of Results
The table below highlights certain key non-cash drivers impacting our consolidated results presented on a pre-tax basis. Our investments
are focused on a longer term investment horizon. In addition, our equity securities holdings are relatively concentrated, and are carried
at fair value and marked to market through unrealized gains and losses. As a result, we expect our earnings relating to these securities
to be relatively volatile between periods in contrast to our fixed income securities, which are marked to market through accumulated
other comprehensive income (“AOCI”) in stockholders equity.
Since a significant portion of our stock based compensation is performance based, and vests over multiple years, we believe that
providing this information separately to investors allows them to evaluate the alignment of non-cash compensation to management
with our overall performance trends.
A portion of the purchase price for Reliance was contingent upon performance in the three years ending June 30, 2018. Increases or
decreases in the contingent purchase price liability flow through our income statement each period, and are not deductible for tax
purposes. Given Reliance’s performance over the latest performance measurement period, the fair value of the Tiptree shares issued
for the second performance period were treated as an expense in 2017. As of December 31, 2017, the fair value of the remaining
liability was zero.
Lastly, depreciation and amortization has increased, primarily as a result of property acquisitions in our senior living operations,
partially offset by a reduction in value of business acquired (“VOBA”) at Fortegra. Because we carry our real estate assets at original
cost, not at fair value, we believe that highlighting the impact depreciation and amortization have on Tiptree’s overall results period-
over-period, and on the carrying value of our real estate assets, is useful additional information for investors.
($ in thousands)
Unrealized & realized gains (losses) on equity securities
Stock-based compensation
Reliance contingent earn-out liability (1)
Depreciation and amortization (1)(2)
Year Ended December 31,
2016
2015
2017
$
(23,753) $
(6,560)
(3,039)
(29,486)
$
11,694
(2,584)
(1,277)
(28,468)
141
(437)
1,300
(45,124)
(1) Added back to Adjusted EBITDA. For a reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA to GAAP financials, see “—Non-GAAP Reconciliations.”
(2)
Includes depreciation and amortization from continuing and discontinued operations. Depreciation and amortization associated with Care was $15.6 million for 2017, $14.2 million
for 2016, and $14.5 million for 2015.
Results by Segment
Tiptree is a holding company that combines insurance operations with investment management expertise. In addition to our specialty
insurance operations, we allocate our capital across our investments in other companies and assets which we refer to as Tiptree Capital.
As of December 31, 2017, Tiptree Capital consists of asset management operations, mortgage operations and other investments. As
such, we classify our business into three reportable segments– specialty insurance, asset management and mortgage. Corporate activities
include holding company interest expense, employee compensation and benefits, and other expenses.
As of December 31, 2017, the Company sold its interests in Siena and classified Care and Luxury as held for sale. At the time of such
classification, the pending sale of Care also met the requirements to be classified as a discontinued operation. Each of these divestitures
are no longer considered operating segments. As a result of these divestitures, our reportable segments dropped from four to three,
with the elimination of Senior Living segment and renaming Specialty Finance to Mortgage. The following table presents the
components of total pre-tax income including continuing and discontinued operations.
30
Pre-tax Income
($ in thousands)
Specialty insurance
Tiptree Capital:
Asset management
Mortgage
Other
Corporate
Pre-tax income (loss) from continuing operations
Pre-tax income (loss) from discontinued operations (1)
(1)
Includes PFG for 2015 and Care for 2015, 2016, 2017. Includes $15.6 million net gain on sale of PFG in 2015.
Total Capital and Adjusted EBITDA - Non-GAAP (1)
$
$
$
2017
Year Ended December 31,
2016
46,804
5,404
$
$
2015
32,012
14,245
2,090
4,001
(29,070)
(3,330) $
(6,222) $
25,264
4,882
6,996
(34,806)
49,140
$
(5,824) $
(6,753)
2,464
3,475
(34,102)
(2,904)
16,879
Management evaluates the return on Invested Capital and Total Capital, which are non-GAAP financial measures, when making
capital investment decisions. Invested Capital represents its total cash investment, including any re-investment of earnings, and
acquisition costs, net of tax. Total Capital represents Invested Capital plus Corporate Debt. Management believes the use of these
financial measures provide supplemental information useful to investors as they are frequently used by the financial community to
analyze how the Company has allocated capital over-time and provide a basis for determining the return on capital to shareholders.
Management uses both of these measures when making capital investment decisions, including reinvesting cash, and evaluating the
relative performance of its businesses and investments. The following table presents the components of Total Capital and Adjusted
EBITDA.
($ in thousands)
Year Ended December 31,
Specialty Insurance
Tiptree Capital
Asset management
Mortgage
Other (2)
Corporate
Discontinued Operations (PFG)
Total Tiptree
2017
$ 441,317
161,825
4,977
30,725
126,123
37,965
—
$ 641,107
Total Capital
2016
$ 410,190
215,262
73,173
25,257
116,832
393
—
$ 625,845
2015
$ 331,799
210,125
98,849
21,479
89,797
56,161
—
$ 598,085
$
$
$
$
Adjusted EBITDA
2016
60,526
49,954
25,265
6,671
18,018
(31,564)
—
78,916
2017
26,961
35,430
14,245
5,677
15,508
(24,403)
—
37,988
$
$
2015
43,349
5,406
(6,753)
1,406
10,753
(22,837)
32,501
58,419
(1) For further information relating to the Company’s Total Capital and Adjusted EBITDA, including a reconciliation to GAAP total stockholders equity and pre-tax income, see “—Non-
(2)
GAAP Reconciliations.”
Includes discontinued operations related to Care. As of February 1, 2018, invested capital from Care discontinued operations is represented by our investment in Invesque common
shares. For more information, see ““Note—(4) Dispositions, Assets Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations.”
Specialty Insurance
Our principal operating subsidiary is a provider of specialty insurance products and related services, including credit protection
insurance, warranty and service contract products, and insurance programs which front and underwrite niche personal and commercial
lines of insurance. We also offer administration and fronting services for our self-insured clients who own captive producer owned
reinsurance companies (“PORCs”). We generate income from insurance underwriting operations and our investment portfolio.
Insurance underwriting operations revenues are primarily generated from net earned premiums, service and administrative fees and
ceding commissions. We measure insurance underwriting operations performance by adjusted underwriting margin, combined ratio
and Adjusted EBITDA. The investment portfolio income consists of investment income, gains and losses and is measured by net
portfolio income which is the equivalent of Adjusted EBITDA.
Net earned premiums
Net earned premiums are the earned portion of net written premiums during a certain period. These consist of premiums directly
written by us and premiums assumed by us as a result of reinsurance agreements. Whether direct or assumed, the premium is earned
over the life of the respective policy using methods appropriate to the pattern of losses for the type of business. Our net earned premiums
are partially offset by commission expenses and policy and contract benefits. The principal factors affecting net earned premiums are:
the proportion of the risk assumed by our partners and reinsurers as defined in the applicable reinsurance treaty; increases and decreases
in written premiums; the pattern of losses by type of business; increases and decreases in policy cancellation rates; the average duration
31
of the policies written; and changes in regulation that would modify the earning patterns for the policies underwritten and administered.
We generally limit the underwriting risk we assume through the use of both reinsurance (e.g., quota share and excess of loss) and
retrospective commission agreements with our partners (e.g., commissions paid adjusted based on the actual underlying loss incurred),
which manage and mitigate our risk.
Service and administrative fees
We earn service and administrative fees for administering specialty insurance and asset protection programs on behalf of our clients.
Service fee revenue is recognized as the services are performed and the administrative fees are recognized consistent with the earnings
recognition pattern of the underlying policies. Our asset protection products are sold as complementary products to consumer retail
and credit transactions and are thus subject to the volatility of the volume of consumer purchase and credit activities.
Ceding commissions
We also earn ceding commissions on our debt protection products through risk sharing agreements. We elect to cede to reinsurers
under reinsurance arrangements a significant portion of the credit insurance that we distribute on behalf of our clients. Ceding
commissions we earn under reinsurance agreements are based on contractual formulas that take into account, in part, underwriting
performance and investment returns experienced by the assuming companies.
Investment portfolio income
We generate net investment income and net realized and unrealized gains (losses) from our investment portfolio.
Discontinued Operations
The results of PFG, which was sold on June 30, 2015, are presented in discontinued operations for the year ended December 31, 2015,
and are not included in the specialty insurance segment results.
The following tables present the specialty insurance segment results for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015.
Operating Results
($ in thousands)
Gross written premiums
Net written premiums
Revenues:
Net earned premiums
Service and administrative fees
Ceding commissions
Net investment income
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses)
Other income
Total revenues
Expenses:
Policy and contract benefits
Commission expense
Employee compensation and benefits
Interest expense
Depreciation and amortization expenses
Other expenses
Total expenses
Pre-tax income (loss)
Results
$
$
$
$
$
Year Ended December 31,
2016
708,287
337,171
2017
766,889
418,020
$
$
2015
686,007
182,096
371,700
95,160
8,770
16,286
(16,503)
3,552
478,965
123,959
241,835
41,300
15,072
12,799
38,596
473,561
5,404
$
$
$
$
229,436
109,348
24,784
12,981
14,762
2,859
394,170
106,784
147,253
37,937
9,244
13,184
32,964
347,366
46,804
$
$
$
$
166,265
106,525
43,217
5,455
1,065
8,361
330,888
86,312
105,751
38,786
6,968
29,673
31,386
298,876
32,012
Our specialty insurance operations are currently expanding product lines in an effort to increase written premiums. As part of this
process, the business is investing to grow warranty and programs, while maintaining a leading position in our credit protection markets.
That, combined with the earnings performance of the investment portfolio, are key drivers in comparing 2017 versus 2016 results.
The growth in written premiums combined with extending the duration of our products has resulted in an increase of unearned premiums
and deferred revenue on the balance sheet of 19.9% from $467.2 million as of December 31, 2016 to $560.2 million as of December
31, 2017.
32
In the fourth quarter of 2016, our captive reinsurance subsidiary replaced a third party reinsurer of certain credit protection products,
thus avoiding reinsurance costs and gaining additional investment flexibility. This transaction was consistent with our strategy to grow
underwriting and investment profits. As a result, several income statement line items increased for the year ended December 31, 2017
when compared to prior periods including net earned premiums, commission expense and policy and contract benefits, partially offset
by the decline in ceding commissions.
The application of push-down accounting for the Fortegra acquisition resulted in purchase price accounting adjustments (VOBA)
whereby deferred service and administrative fees and costs associated with deferred commission expense on acquired contracts were
recognized differently from those related to newly originated contracts. For the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, the VOBA
impacts on pre-tax income were $1.2 million and $1.8 million, respectively. Where significant to the period-over-period comparisons
of revenue and expense, VOBA impacts are discussed separately below.
Pre-tax income was $5.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2017, a decrease of $41.4 million, over the prior year financial
results. The primary drivers of the decline were period-over-period reductions in net realized and unrealized gains and losses of $31.3
million related to equities held in the portfolio, increases in interest expense of $5.8 million primarily associated with asset-based
interest expense in the investment portfolio, partially offset by increases in net investment income of $3.3 million. Insurance operations
results declined versus prior year driven primarily by increases in stock-based compensation expense of $2.8 million and increased
other expenses of $5.6 million primarily related to premium taxes which increased consistent with growth in written premiums, which
was partially offset by increased underwriting margin of $4.4 million.
Pre-tax income increased by $14.8 million from 2015 to 2016, primarily driven by improvement of $18.9 million in earnings related
to the investment portfolio which included increased net investment income, realized and unrealized gains on equities which were
slightly offset by higher asset-based interest expense. Insurance operations declined from 2015 to 2016 by $4.1 million primarily
driven by competitive pressures in the mobile protection product and increased operating costs as the business continues to invest in
additional product offerings.
Revenues
Revenues are generated by the sale of the following products: credit protection, warranty, programs, services and other. Credit protection
products include credit life, credit disability, credit property, involuntary unemployment, and accidental death and dismemberment.
Warranty products include auto service contracts, furniture and appliance service contracts and mobile device protection. Programs
are primarily personal and commercial lines and other property-casualty products.
For the year ended December 31, 2017, total revenues were $479.0 million, up $84.8 million, or 21.5%, over the prior year period.
The increase was primarily driven by an increase in earned premiums of $142.3 million, which was partially offset by decreases in
service and administrative fees of $14.2 million and ceding commissions of $16.0 million. Revenues increased by $63.3 million from
2015 to 2016 primarily driven by increases in earned premiums. For both periods, the increase in earned premiums was driven by
growth in our credit protection and warranty products with the primary driver being our captive reinsurance subsidiary replacing a
third party as reinsurer of certain credit protection products. Ceding commissions declines are consistent with this strategy to retain
a higher portion of written business which results in less revenues from experience refunds. Service and administrative fees are lower
period-over-period primarily from a reduction in fee-related revenues on our mobile protection and roadside assistance products.
For the year ended December 31, 2017, revenues on the investment portfolio, including net investment income and realized and
unrealized gains, were a loss of $0.2 million compared to $27.7 million of income in the 2016 period, a decrease of $28.0 million.
This was primarily driven by unrealized losses on equities of $23.8 million in 2017 compared to unrealized gains of 7.3 million in
2016. From 2015 to 2016, revenues on the investment portfolio increased by $21.2 million, going from $6.5 million in the 2015 period
to $27.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2016. This was consistent with the strategy to grow investable assets and selectively
use alternative investments in increase yield over the long-term. See “—Specialty Insurance Investment Portfolio” for further discussion
of the investment results.
Expenses
Total expenses include policy and contract benefits, commissions expense and operating expenses. For the year ended December 31,
2017, total expenses were $473.6 million compared to $347.4 million in the 2016 period. The primary drivers of the increase were
policy and contract benefits and commission expense as net written premiums increased over the 2016 period.
There are two types of expenses for claims payments under insurance and warranty service contracts which are included in policy
and contract benefits: member benefit claims and net losses and loss adjustment expenses. Member benefit claims represent the costs
of services and replacement devices incurred in warranty protection and car club service contracts. Net losses and loss adjustment
expenses represent actual insurance claims paid, changes in unpaid claim reserves, net of amounts ceded, and the costs of administering
33
claims for credit life and other insurance lines. Incurred claims are impacted by loss frequency, which is a measure of the number of
claims per unit of insured exposure, and loss severity, which is based on the average size of claims. Loss occurrences in our insurance
products are characterized by low severity and high frequency. Factors affecting loss frequency and loss severity include changes in
claims reporting patterns, claims settlement patterns, judicial decisions, economic conditions, morbidity patterns and the attitudes of
claimants towards settlements. For the year ended December 31, 2017, policy and contract benefits were $124.0 million, up $17.2
million from the prior year primarily as a result of increased retention in our credit protection and program products. The increase in
net losses over the prior year period was a function of growth in earned premiums, including the contract assumptions mentioned
above, partially offset by lower claims in mobile devices consistent with the decline in written premiums.
Commission expense is incurred on most product lines, the majority of which are retrospective commissions paid to distributors and
retailers selling our products, including credit insurance policies, warranty and mobile device protection service contracts, and motor
club memberships. Credit insurance commission rates are, in many cases, set by state regulators and are also impacted by market
conditions and retention levels. Total commission expense for year ended December 31, 2017 was $241.8 million compared to $147.3
million in 2016. The primary drivers of the increase were the commission expense associated with the higher retention rate on our
credit protection products along with VOBA purchase accounting impacts. Commission expense, excluding the impacts of VOBA,
was $244.1 million for 2017, up $86.1 million, driven primarily by the increase in retention of credit insurance products, partially
offset by declines in commissions related to the mobile protection and other warranty products.
Operating expenses include employee compensation and benefits, interest expense, depreciation and amortization expenses and other
expenses. For 2017, total employee compensation and benefits were $41.3 million, up $3.4 million from 2016 primarily as a result
of increased stock based compensation expense. Interest expense of $15.1 million in 2017 increased by $5.8 million versus the prior
year, primarily from one quarter of interest expense on the Junior Subordinated Notes and increased asset based borrowings on certain
investments within the investment portfolio. Other expenses for the year ended December 31, 2017 were $38.6 million, up $5.6 million
from 2016 primarily as a result of increased premium taxes as written and earned premiums grew. Depreciation and amortization
expense was lower period-over-period as a result of the decline in VOBA purchase accounting impact from the amortization of the
fair value attributed to the insurance policies and contracts acquired, which was $0.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2017
versus $3.3 million for the prior year period. This was partially offset by increases in amortization of other intangibles including
customer relationships, trade names and software licensing.
For the year ended December 31, 2016, total expenses were $347.4 million compared to $298.9 million in 2015. The primary drivers
of the increase were policy and contract benefits and commission expense as net written premiums increased over 2015. For 2016,
policy and contract benefits were $106.8 million, up $20.5 million from the prior year primarily as a result of increased net written
business in our credit protection and program products. Total commission expense for year ended December 31, 2016 was $147.3
million compared to $105.8 million in 2015. The primary drivers of the increase was the impact of VOBA on commission expense
along with the commission expense associated with the credit business re-assumed in October 2016.
The primary driver of the period-over-period decrease in operating expenses from 2015 to 2016 was attributable to lower depreciation
and amortization expense as a result of the decline in VOBA purchase accounting impact from the amortization of the fair value
attributed to the insurance policies and contracts acquired, which was $3.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2016 versus $19.3
million in the comparable 2015 period. In addition, employee compensation and benefits were $37.9 million for 2016, down $0.8
million from 2015 as a result of actions taken throughout 2015 to reduce headcount. Interest expense of $9.2 million in 2016 increased
by $2.3 million versus the prior year, primarily from increased asset based borrowings on certain investments within the investment
portfolio. Other expenses for the year ended December 31, 2016 were $33.0 million, up $1.6 million from 2015 primarily as a result
of increased premium taxes as written and earned premiums grew.
Key Operating Metrics and Non-GAAP Operating Results
Gross & Net Written Premiums
Gross written premiums represents total premiums from insurance policies and warranty service contracts that we write during a
reporting period based on the effective date of the individual policy. Net written premiums are gross written premiums less that portion
of premiums that we cede to third party reinsurers or the PORCs under reinsurance agreements. The amount ceded to each reinsurer
is based on the contractual formula contained in the individual reinsurance agreements. Net earned premiums are the earned portion
of our net written premiums. At the end of each reporting period, premiums written that are not earned are classified as unearned
premiums, which are earned in subsequent periods over the remaining term of the policy.
34
Written Premium Metrics
Specialty Insurance Products:
Credit protection
Warranty
Programs
Services and Other
Total Specialty Insurance
Year Ended December 31,
Gross Written Premiums
2016
$ 488,183
62,433
157,649
22
$ 708,287
2015
$ 527,452
50,545
107,977
33
$ 686,007
2017
$ 512,298
110,309
144,253
29
$ 766,889
Net Written Premiums
2016
$ 257,601
46,076
33,494
—
$ 337,171
2015
$ 121,737
42,004
18,355
—
$ 182,096
2017
$ 328,936
60,330
28,754
—
$ 418,020
Total gross written premiums for the year ended December 31, 2017 were $766.9 million, which represented an increase of $58.6
million, or 8.3%, from the prior year period. The amount of business retained was 54.5%, up from 47.6% in the prior year period.
Total net premiums written for 2017 were $418.0 million, up $80.8 million, or 24.0%. The increase in retention and net written
premiums was consistent with our strategy and largely driven by our captive reinsurer retaining credit protection products as discussed
above. Warranty and service contract net written premiums were $60.3 million, up $14.3 million from 2016 and specialty program
products were $28.8 million, down $4.7 million from the 2016 period. Warranty increases were driven by increases in our furniture,
appliances and auto products. The amount of warranty product ceded period-over-period increased as we expand into new products
and continue to build our underwriting performance and relationships with distributors. Programs written premiums declined as we
discontinued certain specialty programs that did not meet underwriting performance standards. We believe there are additional
opportunities to expand our warranty and programs insurance business through both organic and inorganic growth.
Total net premiums written for the year ended December 31, 2016 were $337.2 million, up $155.1 million or 85.2% period-over-
period. The largest driver of the increase was related to the transaction mentioned earlier where we re-assumed contracts of $138.7
million which were previously reinsured by a third party. Credit protection net premiums written for the year ended December 31,
2016 were $257.6 million, higher than the previous year period by $135.9 million primarily as a result of this assumed business in
October 2016. For 2016, warranty product net written premiums were $46.1 million, up $4.1 million from 2015 and program products
were $33.5 million, up $15.1 million from 2015.
Product Underwriting Margin - Non-GAAP
The following table presents product specific revenue and expenses within the specialty insurance operations. We generally limit the
underwriting risk we assume through the use of both reinsurance (e.g., quota share and excess of loss) and retrospective commission
agreements with our partners (e.g., commissions paid are adjusted based on the actual underlying losses incurred), which manage and
mitigate our risk. Period-over-period comparisons of revenues are often impacted by the PORCs and distribution partners choice as
to whether to retain risk, specifically with respect to the relationship between service and administration expenses and ceding
commissions, both components of revenue, and the offsetting policy and contract benefits and commissions paid to our partners and
reinsurers. Generally, when losses are incurred, the risk which is retained by our partners and reinsurers is reflected in a reduction in
commissions paid. In order to better explain to investors the net financial impact of the risk retained by the Company of the insurance
contracts written and the impact on profitability, we use the Non-GAAP metric - Adjusted Underwriting Margin. For the same reasons
that we adjust our combined ratio for the effects of purchase accounting, VOBA can also impact the actual relationship between
revenues earned and the offsetting reductions in commissions paid, and thus the period-over-period net financial impact of the risk
retained by the Company. As such, we believe that presenting underwriting margin provides useful information to investors and aligns
more closely to how management measures the underwriting performance of the business.
Adjusted Revenues and Underwriting Margin - Non-GAAP
Year Ended December 31,
Specialty Insurance Products:
Credit protection
Warranty
Programs
Services and Other
Total Specialty Insurance
Adjusted Revenues
2016
$ 231,938
87,928
42,001
10,612
$ 372,479
2015
$ 203,197
112,086
20,353
11,661
$ 347,297
2017
$ 352,760
80,648
36,880
9,915
$ 480,203
$
$
Adjusted Underwriting Margin
2015
2016
2017
61,353
64,769
67,356
31,845
23,813
25,919
5,539
9,095
9,841
11,330
10,022
8,984
$ 110,067
$ 107,699
$ 112,100
$
(1) For further information relating to the Company’s adjusted underwriting margin, including a reconciliation to GAAP financials, see “—Non-GAAP Reconciliations.”
Adjusted underwriting margin for the year ended December 31, 2017 was $112.1 million, up from $107.7 million in 2016. Credit
35
protection adjusted underwriting margin was $67.4 million, an increase from 2016 results by $2.6 million, or 4.0%. Credit protection
products continue to provide opportunities for steady growth through a combination of expanded product offerings and new clients.
Adjusted underwriting margin for warranty products was $25.9 million for 2017, up $2.1 million, or 8.8%, from 2016. The effects
experienced in previous periods from our mobile protection products has slowed, and was more than offset by growth in furniture,
appliances, and auto warranty business. Programs adjusted underwriting margin for 2017 was $9.8 million, down 8.2% from 2016,
as certain non-standard auto programs were exited over the last year. We believe our warranty service contracts and light commercial
programs provide opportunity for growth through expanded product offerings, new clients and geographic expansion. Services and
other contributed $9.0 million in 2017, down $1.0 million from 2016 as certain business processing services are in run-off.
Adjusted underwriting margin for the year ended December 31, 2016 was $107.7 million, down from $110.1 million in 2015. Credit
protection as adjusted underwriting margin was $64.8 million, an increase from 2015 results by $3.4 million or 5.6%. Credit protection
products continue to provide opportunities for steady growth through a combination of expanded product offerings and new clients.
Adjusted underwriting margin for warranty products was $23.8 million for 2016, down $8.0 million or 25.2% from 2015. For the
2016 period, we experienced dampening effects from our mobile protection products given competitive pressures. Programs as adjusted
underwriting margin for 2016 was $9.1 million, up 64.2% from 2015, due to increased earned premiums and service and administrative
fees. Services and other contributed $10.0 million in 2016, down $1.3 million from 2015 as certain business processing services are
in run-off.
Invested Capital, Total Capital, Adjusted EBITDA and Insurance Operating Ratios
We use the combined ratio as an operating metric to evaluate our insurance underwriting performance, both overall and relative to
peers. Expressed as a percentage, it represents the relationship of policy and contract benefits, commission expense (net of ceding
commissions), employee compensation and benefits, and other expenses to net earned premiums, service and administrative fees, and
other income. Investors use this ratio to evaluate our ability to profitably underwrite the risks we assume over time and manage our
operating costs. A combined ratio less than 100% indicates an underwriting profit, while a combined ratio greater than 100% reflects
an underwriting loss. Since VOBA purchase accounting adjustments impact revenues and expenses related to acquired contracts
differently from newly originated, we also show the combined ratio on an adjusted basis, eliminating the accounting effects of VOBA.
Management believes showing an adjusted combined ratio provides useful information to investors to compare period-over-period
operating results. The below table outlines the insurance operating ratios, capital invested and the drivers of Adjusted EBITDA split
between underwriting and investments for the past three years as management evaluates the return on the investment portfolio separately
from the returns from underwriting activities.
Invested Capital, Total Capital, Adjusted EBITDA and Operating Ratios - Non-GAAP(1)
($ in thousands)
Invested Capital(1)
Total Capital(1)
Adjusted EBITDA drivers:
Underwriting
Investments - Net Portfolio Income (Loss)
Specialty Insurance Adjusted EBITDA(1)
Key drivers of Adjusted EBITDA:
Unrealized gains (losses)
Stock-based compensation expense
Insurance operating ratios:
Combined ratio
Adjusted Combined ratio - Non-GAAP (1)
$
$
$
$
$
$
Year Ended December 31,
2016
269,690
410,190
2017
281,317
441,317
$
$
$
$
2015
205,299
331,799
33,803
(6,842)
26,961
(22,318)
3,934
$
$
$
$
35,938
24,588
60,526
10,042
1,108
$
$
$
$
37,661
5,688
43,349
1,633
—
92.9%
93.2%
87.9%
89.5%
77.9%
87.4%
(1) For further information relating to the Company’s Adjusted EBITDA, Invested and Total Capital, adjusted combined ratio, and Net Portfolio Income (Loss), including a reconciliation to
GAAP financials, see “—Non-GAAP Reconciliations.”
The combined ratio was 92.9% for the year ended December 31, 2017, compared to 87.9% for the prior year period. The increase
was primarily driven by VOBA purchase accounting impacts which are outlined in the “Specialty Insurance - Adjusted Underwriting
Margin - Non-GAAP” table below.
36
The adjusted combined ratio was 93.2% for the year ended December 31, 2017, compared to 89.5% for prior year period. The increases
across both years were driven primarily by the higher retention impacting underwriting margins and higher premium tax, and increased
stock based compensation. Increased stock-based compensation expense which is a result of time and performance based stock grants
contributed to 0.6% of the combined ratio increase from 2016 to 2017 and 0.3% from 2015 to 2016.
Underwriting Adjusted EBITDA declined by $2.1 million from 2016 to 2017 and by $1.7 million from 2015 to 2016. The declines
were driven by the same factors discussed above under “Results.” See “—Specialty Insurance Investment Portfolio” for further
discussion of the investment results and “—Non-GAAP Reconciliations” for a reconciliation to GAAP pre-tax income.
Insurance Investment Portfolio
The investment portfolio of our regulated insurance companies, captive reinsurance company and warranty business are subject to
different regulatory considerations, including with respect to types of assets, concentration limits, affiliate transactions and the use of
leverage. Our investment strategy is designed to achieve attractive risk-adjusted returns over the entire investment horizon across
select asset classes, sectors and geographies while maintaining adequate liquidity to meet our claims payment obligations. As such,
volatility from realized and unrealized gains and losses may impact period-over-period performance.Unrealized gains and losses on
equity securities and loans impact current period net income, while unrealized gains and losses on available for sale securities impact
AOCI.
In managing our investment portfolio we analyze net investments and net portfolio income, which are non-GAAP measures. Our
presentation of net investments equals total investments plus cash and cash equivalents minus asset based financing related to certain
investments. Our presentation of net portfolio income equals net investment income plus realized and unrealized gains and losses,
excluding unrealized gains and losses on securities which are taken to AOCI, and minus interest expense associated with asset based
financing of investments. Net investments and net portfolio income are used to calculate average annualized yield, which is one of
the measures management uses to analyze the profitability of our investment portfolio. Management believes this information on a
cumulative basis is useful since it allows investors to evaluate the performance of our investment portfolio based on the capital at risk
and on a non-consolidated basis. Our calculation of net investments and net portfolio income may differ from similarly titled non-
GAAP financial measures used by other companies. Net investments and net portfolio income are not measures of financial performance
or liquidity under GAAP and should not be considered a substitute for total investments or net investment income. See “—Non-GAAP
Reconciliations” for a reconciliation to GAAP total investments and investment income.
Specialty Insurance Investment Portfolio - Non-GAAP
($ in thousands)
Cash and cash equivalents (1)
Available for sale securities, at fair value
Equity securities, trading, at fair value
Loans, at fair value (2)
Real estate, net
Other investments
Net investments
$
$
$
Year Ended December 31,
2016
31,723
146,171
48,612
103,937
23,579
3,957
357,979
2017
53,904
182,448
25,536
83,869
35,282
15,438
$ 396,477
$
$
2015
9,010
184,703
3,786
60,078
2,197
4,191
263,965
(1) Cash and cash equivalents, plus restricted cash, net of due from/due to brokers on consolidated loan funds, see “—Non-GAAP Reconciliations”, for a reconciliation to GAAP
financials.
(2) Loans, at fair value, net of asset based debt, see “—Non-GAAP Reconciliations”, for a reconciliation to GAAP financials.
Specialty Insurance Net Investment Portfolio Income - Non-GAAP
($ in thousands)
Net investment income
Realized gains (losses)
Unrealized gains (losses)
Interest expense
Net portfolio income (loss)
Average Annualized Yield % (1)
$
$
$
Year Ended December 31,
2016
12,981
4,720
10,042
(3,155)
24,588
2017
16,286
5,815
(22,318)
(6,625)
(6,842)
$
$
$
2015
5,455
(568)
1,633
(832)
5,688
(1.9)%
8.0%
2.5%
(1) Average Annualized Yield % represents the ratio of annualized net investment income, realized and unrealized gains (losses) less investment portfolio interest expense to the average of
the prior two quarters total investments less investment portfolio debt plus cash, but does not reflect the cumulative return on the portfolio.
Net investments of $396.5 million have grown 10.8% from December 31, 2016 through a combination of internal growth and increased
37
retention of premiums written. From December 31, 2015 to December 31, 2017, invested assets have grown by $132.5 million, or
50.2% which was through a combination of internal growth, increased retention of premiums written, and assets contributed by Tiptree
in 2016 to further capitalize Fortegra.
Our net investment income includes interest, dividends and rental income, net of investment expenses, on our invested assets. Our
loans, at fair value, generally earn LIBOR plus a spread. Generally, our interest income on those loans will increase in a rising interest
rate environment, or decrease in a declining rate environment, subject to any LIBOR floors. Our held to maturity investments generally
carry fixed coupons, which can impact our returns on investment. We report net realized gains and losses on our investments separately
from our net investment income. Net realized gains occur when we sell our investment securities for more than their costs or amortized
costs, as applicable. Net realized losses occur when we sell our investment securities for less than their costs or amortized costs, as
applicable, or we write down the investment securities as a result of other-than-temporary impairment. We report net unrealized gains
(losses) on securities classified as available-for-sale separately within accumulated other comprehensive income on our balance sheet.
For loans, at fair value, and equity securities classified as trading securities, we report unrealized gains (losses) within net realized
gains (losses) on investment on the consolidated statement of income. The treatment of loans at fair value, primarily related to our
credit asset investments and non-performing loans, and equity securities, is currently different from most other insurance companies.
For the year ended December 31, 2017, the net investment portfolio loss was $6.8 million compared to $24.6 million of income in
the comparable 2016 period. The average annualized yield for the nine months declined from 8.0% in 2016 to (1.9)% in 2017 as a
result of year to date unrealized losses of $22.3 million, primarily related to investments in equities, compared to unrealized gains of
$10.0 million in 2016. For 2017, fair market valuation on equities resulted in $23.8 million of unrealized losses compared to $7.3
million of unrealized gains in 2016. In addition, interest expense increased by $3.5 million as a result of increased borrowings on
credit asset investments and non-performing loans. Those factors were partially offset by increases in net investment income of $3.3
million, as interest income improved period-over-period, and realized gains improved by $1.1 million, primarily from gains on sales
of our non-performing residential loans.
For the year ended December 31, 2016 net investment portfolio income was $24.6 million compared to $5.7 million in 2015. The
average annualized yield improvement from 2.5% in 2015 to 8.0% in 2016 was primarily driven by increases in net investment income
of $7.5 million, realized gains of $5.3 million, and unrealized gains of $8.4 million related to loans and equities.
Tiptree Capital
We allocate capital across a broad spectrum of investments, which we refer to as Tiptree Capital. As of December 31, 2017, Tiptree
Capital includes our asset management operations, mortgage operations (both reportable segments), and other investments. As of
February 1, 2018, Tiptree Capital also includes our Invesque common shares. We manage Tiptree Capital on a total return basis
balancing current cash flow and long term value appreciation.
In the fourth quarter 2017, we sold our interest in our commercial lending business and signed an agreement to exit our interest in
Luxury Mortgage. As of December 31, 2017, we exited our investments in the subordinated notes of Telos 5, 6 and 7 and settled
related credit derivatives thus deconsolidating each CLO. We have re-balanced our exposure to subordinated notes by retaining vertical
tranches of our newly issued CLOs in the insurance company investment portfolio including Telos 3 (August 2017) and Telos 4
(January 2018). In the fourth quarter 2017, we entered into an agreement to sell Care, our Senior Living operations, to Invesque. On
February 1, 2018, we completed the sale of Care. In exchange for the sale, we received consideration of 16.6 million shares of which
13.5 million shares are held in other investments as part of Tiptree Capital, 2.9 million shares are held in the insurance investment
portfolio and 0.3 million shares were paid as compensation to former Care employees. We classified Care as held for sale as of
December 31, 2017. At the time of such classification, the pending sale also met the requirements to be classified as a discontinued
operation.
As a result of these divestitures, our reportable segments reduced from four to three, with the elimination of Senior Living as a segment
and renaming Specialty Finance to Mortgage.
38
Operating Results
($ in thousands)
Revenues:
Asset Management
Mortgage
Other
Expenses:
Asset Management
Mortgage
Other
Asset Management - Net income attributable to consolidated CLOs
Pre-tax income:
Asset Management
Mortgage
Other
Discontinued operations (Care)
Year Ended December 31,
2016
2015
2017
$
$
$
$
$
9,741
56,571
36,521
$
13,114
56,294
42,845
6,770
22,934
31,739
(5,953) $
(54,481)
(32,520)
(8,104) $
(51,412)
(35,849)
(6,634)
(20,470)
(28,264)
10,457
$
20,254
(6,889)
$
14,245
2,090
4,001
(6,222)
$
25,264
4,882
6,996
(5,824)
(6,753)
2,464
3,475
(9,535)
Tiptree Capital earns revenues from net interest income, fees and gain on sale of mortgages originated and sold to investors; management
fees from CLOs under management (both consolidated and deconsolidated); distributions from investments; realized and unrealized
gains on the Company’s investment holdings (historically, primarily CLO subordinated notes and related CLO warehouses); and rental
and related income from senior housing triple net lease properties and Managed Properties (classified as discontinued operations).
Asset Management Results
The decline in pre-tax income from 2016 to 2017 was driven by reduced income from consolidated CLOs, primarily related to
reductions in distributions on the subordinated notes as a result of our sales of those notes, and reduced management and incentive
fees as discussed below. Total investment in CLO subordinated notes, management fee participation rights, and related derivatives,
at fair market value, as of December 31, 2017 was $2.7 million, down from $68.9 million as of December 31, 2016 and $96.4 million
as of December 31, 2015. This contributed to the decline in revenues and income for the 2017 period compared to the prior year. From
2015 to 2016 pre-tax income from asset management increased by $32.0 million which was driven primarily by unrealized gains on
CLO investments of $2.6 million, compared to unrealized and realized losses in 2015 of $29.1 million.
Management and incentive fee income, including management fees on consolidated CLOs, were $9.5 million for 2017 compared to
$12.3 million for 2016. The decline was driven by reduced fee-earning AUM and lower incentive fees on older CLOs (Telos 1 & 2).
As of December 31, 2017, total fee earning AUM was $1.6 billion, which declined from $1.9 billion as of December 31, 2016 as the
run-off in our older CLOs have not been replaced with new AUM. Management fee income for 2016 increased by $1.7 million from
$10.7 million in 2015 primarily from increased incentive fees on older CLOs.
The sale of CLO subordinated notes resulted in decreased distributions which were $6.9 million in 2017 compared to $15.7 million
in 2016. Realized and unrealized gains associated with the CLO subordinated notes and related derivatives were $3.9 million in 2017
compared to $2.6 million in 2016. From 2015 to 2016, distributions on CLOs increased by $1.0 million, primarily as a result of
increased incentive fees and the issuance of Telos 7.
Mortgage Results
Pre-tax income for the year ended December 31, 2017 was $2.1 million compared to $4.9 million in 2016. The decline was primarily
driven by the increase in contingent earn-out of $1.8 million associated with the Reliance acquisition. Revenues on mortgages held
for sale in 2017 were $56.6 million compared to $56.3 million in 2016. The slight increase was driven by expanding gain on sale
margins and interest income associated with holding the loans while in the warehouse which was substantially offset by reduced
volumes which were $957.4 million for the 2017 period compared to $999.2 million for the 2016 period. Expenses, excluding the
earn-out expense, were $51.4 million for 2017, which was flat to the prior year period.
Pre-tax income was $4.9 million in 2016, compared to $2.5 million in 2015. Reliance was acquired in July 2015 and was included in
our financial results for six months of the year. In addition to the incremental six months of income, the 2016 versus 2015 increase
was driven by expanding gain on sale margins and increased volume from $397.6 million for the six month period in 2015 to $999.2
39
million for the full year in 2016. The impact of the earn-out for the 2016 period was a $1.3 million expense compared to $1.3 million
of income for the 2015 period. The contingent purchase price is carried as a liability on our balance sheet and is re-valued in each
period until paid out in Tiptree shares. Increases or decreases in each period flow through the income statement, and are not deductible
for tax purposes.
Other Results
Pre-tax income from other investments includes Luxury Mortgage, our commercial lending operations through its sale date in December
2017, and legacy principal investments. Revenues and pre-tax income declined in 2017 as realized gains from the sale of certain
legacy investments in 2016 did not repeat. These declines were partially offset by a $2.0 million gain on the sale of our commercial
lending business. Pre-tax income from 2015 to 2016 increased by $3.5 million primarily driven by the gain on sale of the legacy
investments.
Discontinued Operations Results - Care
Discontinued Operations includes the results from our investment in Care, previously reported in the Senior Living segment. For the
year ended December 31, 2017, the pre-tax loss was $6.2 million compared to a loss of $5.8 million in 2016. The higher loss was
driven by $1.2 million of deal related expenses and $1.5 million of incremental depreciation and amortization associated with properties
acquired in the 2017 period, partially offset by higher revenues from acquired properties. Total gross accumulated depreciation and
amortization on the Care properties as of December 31, 2017 was $54.2 million, which net of non controlling interests and tax
approximates the estimated increase to book value of $34.4 million as of February 1, 2018. In 2018, the results from our investment
in Invesque shares (as a result of the Care sale) will be dividends received and unrealized gains and losses impacting our financial
results. This will be reported in “Other” as part of Tiptree Capital.
Tiptree Capital Operating Results - Non-GAAP (1)
Year Ended December 31,
($ in thousands)
Asset management - fees, net(2)
Asset management - credit investments
Mortgage
Other
Care - Discontinued Operations(3)
Tiptree Capital
Invested Capital (1)
2016
2017
2015
Adjusted EBITDA (1)
2016
2017
2015
$
2,247
2,730
30,725
6,619
119,504
$ 161,825
$
4,308
68,865
25,257
16,031
100,801
$ 215,262
$
2,451
96,398
21,479
15,233
74,564
$ 210,125
$
3,514
10,731
5,677
4,927
10,581
$ 35,430
$
4,794
20,470
6,671
7,549
10,469
$ 49,953
$
$
4,560
(11,313)
1,406
4,163
6,590
5,406
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses)(4)
$
3,824
$
5,883
$ (29,833)
(1) For further information relating to Invested Capital and Adjusted EBITDA, including a reconciliation to GAAP financials, see “—Non-GAAP Reconciliations.”
(2) Includes management and incentive fees net of operating expenses including compensation.
(3) Includes discontinued operations related to Care. For more information, see “—FN 4 Dispositions, Assets Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations.”
(4) Excludes unrealized and realized gains (losses) from mortgage operations. Included within the number are unrealized gains (losses) on consolidated CLO of $3,559, $2,510, $(25,480)
for 2017, 2016, 2015. respectively.
Invested Capital
Invested Capital declined from $215.3 million as of December 31, 2016 to $161.8 million as of December 31, 2017. As a result of
the asset sales in 2017, cash held at Tiptree corporate increased from $8.5 million as of December 31, 2016 to $66.1 million as of
December 31, 2017.
In January 2017, we sold our investment in Telos 5 for consideration of $15.9 million which resulted in deconsolidation for the 2017
period. In August 2017, we liquidated Telos 7 for $21.9 million which resulted in deconsolidation as of that date. For risk retention
purposes, we purchased a vertical tranche of Telos 3 in the insurance investment portfolio. In November 2017, the Company sold its
investment in Telos 6 for consideration of $16.3 million which resulted in deconsolidation as of that date. Over 2017, Tiptree invested
in 13 senior living properties for approximately $91.0 million of aggregate purchase price which were included in the sale to Invesque,
and is now reported as held for sale on the consolidated balance sheet for all periods presented.
Adjusted EBITDA
Adjusted EBITDA for Tiptree Capital declined from $50.0 million in 2016 to $35.4 million in 2017. The decline was primarily driven
by a $11.0 million reduction in asset management income as a result of reduced CLO distributions and lower incentive fees on older
40
CLOs. Mortgage Adjusted EBITDA also declined period-over-period by $1.0 million as volume declined from the 2016 period.
Adjusted EBITDA for our senior housing investments that are carried in discontinued operations were flat period-over-period. Several
of the recent recent acquisitions included properties that were being renovated in an effort to grow revenue and to allow them to
operate more efficiently. These upgrades were completed in the first quarter of 2017, but occupancy and rental income had not yet
stabilized.
Corporate
($ in thousands)
Employee compensation and benefits
Interest expense
Depreciation and amortization expenses
Other expenses
Total expenses
Results
Year Ended December 31,
2016
2015
2017
14,178
4,812
248
9,832
29,070
$
13,400
4,730
248
16,428
34,806
$
14,002
5,630
145
14,325
28,264
$
Corporate expenses include holding company interest expense, employee compensation and benefits, and other expenses. Corporate
employee compensation and benefits expense includes the expense of management, legal and accounting staff. Other expenses primarily
consisted of audit and professional fees, insurance, office rent and other related expenses.
Employee compensation and benefits increased $0.8 million from 2016 to 2017 as corporate staff increased as a result of improvements
to our reporting and controls infrastructure, which was partially offset by lower accrued incentive compensation. Employee
compensation and benefits in 2015 included a non-recurring severance expense of $6.5 million.
Interest expense remained flat period-over-period as reduced borrowings were partially offset by increases in LIBOR. As of December
31, 2017 the outstanding borrowings were $28.5 million compared to $58.5 million at year-end 2016. Interest expense increased in
the 2017 and 2016 periods compared to 2015 as a result of increased borrowings on the facility.
Other expenses were $9.8 million for 2017 as compared to $16.4 million in 2016 a reduction of $6.6 million, or 40.2%. The period-
over-period decrease was driven by reduced audit fees and external consulting expenses as a result of our improved reporting and
controls infrastructure. Included within the 2017 results were approximately $1.3 million of expenses related to the delayed filing of
the first quarter Form 10-Q and deal related expenses. For 2017, approximately 42% of other expenses were associated with audit,
Sarbanes-Oxley compliance and tax professional fees as compared to 58% for 2016.
Provision for income taxes
Provision for income taxes - Total Operations
On December 22, 2017, the U.S. government enacted the Tax Act, which, among other things, reduces the federal income tax rate
from 35% to 21% effective January 1, 2018, and requires mandatory deemed repatriation of foreign earnings. As a result of the Tax
Act, we re-measured our net deferred tax liabilities and recognized a net tax benefit of $15.2 million. We estimate that our 2018
consolidated effective tax rate will be between 24% and 26%. We do not expect a significant near-term impact on cash paid for taxes
nor any impact from the mandatory deemed repatriation, as the Company does not have significant foreign operations.
The total income tax benefit of $14.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2017, expense of $11.0 million for the year ended
December 31, 2016, and expense of $1.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2015 is reflected as a component of net income.
For the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company’s effective tax rate was equal to 154.8%, which does not bear a customary
relationship to the statutory income tax rates. The effective rate for the year ended December 31, 2017 is higher than the U.S. federal
statutory rate of 35%, primarily due to a $15.2 million benefit for the revaluation of net deferred tax liabilities due to the reduction
of the federal tax rate effective January 1, 2018.
Provision for income taxes - Continuing Operations
The Company had a tax benefit from continuing operations of $12.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 as compared to
a tax expense of $12.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2016. The effective tax rate on income from continuing operations
for the year ended December 31, 2017 was approximately 377.2% compared to 25.5% for the year ended December 31, 2016.
Differences from the statutory income tax rates are primarily the result of the tax law change signed on December 22, 2017 effective
41
January 1, 2018, which required revaluing the net deferred tax liability for a significant benefit of approximately $15.2 million.
Continuing operations excludes the Care segment since it is included in discontinued operations as of year-end 2017.
For the year ended December 31, 2016, the Company’s effective tax rate on income from continuing operations was equal to 25.5%,
which does not bear a customary relationship to statutory income tax rates. The effective tax rate for the year ended December 31,
2016 is lower than the U.S. federal statutory income tax rate of 35.0%, primarily due to $4.0 million of discrete tax benefits for the
period which related to the tax restructuring that resulted in a consolidated corporate tax group effective January 1, 2016.
For the year ended December 31, 2015, the Company’s effective tax rate on income from continuing operations was equal to 25.9%,
which does not bear a customary relationship to statutory income tax rates. The effective tax rate for the year ended December 31,
2015 is lower than the U.S. statutory income tax rate of 35.0%, primarily due to taxable losses allocated to non-controlling interests,
offset by a decrease in the valuation allowance on certain deferred tax assets, state tax benefits, and other permanent items.
Balance Sheet Information - as of December 31, 2017 compared to the year ended December 31, 2016
Tiptree’s total assets were $2.0 billion as of December 31, 2017, compared to $2.9 billion as of December 31, 2016. The $900.2 million
decrease in assets is primarily attributable to the deconsolidation of three CLOs, due to the sale of subordinated notes during the year
ended December 31, 2017. Additionally, loans at fair value and amortized cost and equity securities decreased, partially offset by
increases in assets held for sale, notes and accounts receivable and reinsurance receivable in our specialty insurance operations. In
addition, the combination of unearned premiums and deferred revenues increased as a result of growth in written premiums and
extending contract durations in the insurance business.
Total Tiptree Inc. stockholders’ equity was $300.1 million as of December 31, 2017 compared to $293.4 million as of December 31,
2016, primarily driven by 2017 net income and the net increase in equity outstanding as a result of the Tricadia Option, net of the
share re-purchase. As of December 31, 2017 there were 29,805,453 shares of Tiptree Class A common stock outstanding, net of
Treasury shares held at a subsidiary, as compared to 28,387,616 as of December 31, 2016.
NON-GAAP RECONCILIATIONS
EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA - Non-GAAP
The Company defines EBITDA as GAAP net income of the Company adjusted to add consolidated interest expense, consolidated
income taxes and consolidated depreciation and amortization expense as presented in its financial statements and Adjusted EBITDA
as EBITDA adjusted to (i) subtract interest expense on asset-specific debt incurred in the ordinary course of its subsidiaries’ business
operations, (ii) adjust for the effect of purchase accounting, (iii) adjust for non-cash fair value adjustments, and (iv) any significant
non-recurring expenses.
($ in thousands)
Net income (loss) available to Class A common stockholders
Add: net (loss) income attributable to noncontrolling interests
Less: net income from discontinued operations
Income (loss) from continuing operations
Consolidated interest expense
Consolidated income tax expense (benefit)
Consolidated depreciation and amortization expense
EBITDA from Continuing Operations
Asset-based interest expense(1)
Effects of purchase accounting (2)
Non-cash fair value adjustments (3)
Non-recurring expenses (4)
Adjusted EBITDA from Continuing Operations
Income (loss) from discontinued operations
Consolidated interest expense
Consolidated income tax expense (benefit)
Consolidated depreciation and amortization expense
EBITDA from discontinued operations
Asset based interest expense(1)
Non-recurring expenses (4)
Adjusted EBITDA from discontinued operations
Total Adjusted EBITDA
42
Year Ended December 31,
2017
2016
2015
$
3,604
1,630
(3,998)
9,232
$
25,562
(12,562)
13,841
36,073
$
(12,724)
(1,433)
3,547
1,944
$
$
$
$
$
25,320
7,018
(4,287)
36,625
21,010
12,515
14,302
84,452
(10,492)
(5,054)
1,277
(1,736)
27,407
$
68,447
$
(3,998)
$
(4,287)
$
13,068
(2,224)
15,645
8,691
(1,537)
14,166
22,491
$
17,033
$
(13,068)
1,158
10,581
37,988
$
$
(8,691)
2,127
10,469
78,916
$
$
5,779
3,023
10,953
(2,151)
16,695
(753)
30,578
44,369
(5,065)
(24,166)
(1,300)
5,489
19,327
10,953
12,022
5,926
15,408
44,309
(6,796)
1,579
39,092
58,419
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
(3,330)
(6,222)
38,630
29,486
58,564
(25,792)
(1,433)
3,547
3,102
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
The consolidated asset-based interest expense is subtracted from EBITDA to arrive at Adjusted EBITDA. This includes interest expense associated with asset-specific debt at
subsidiaries in the specialty insurance, asset management, mortgage and other operations.
Following the purchase accounting adjustments, current period expenses associated with deferred costs were more favorably stated and current period income associated with
deferred revenues were less favorably stated. Thus, the purchase accounting effect related to Fortegra increased EBITDA above what the historical basis of accounting would
have generated. The impact of this purchase accounting adjustments have been reversed to reflect an adjusted EBITDA without such purchase accounting effect.
For Reliance, within our mortgage operations, Adjusted EBITDA excludes the impact of changes in contingent earn-outs. For our specialty insurance operations, depreciation
and amortization on senior living real estate that is within net investment income is added back to Adjusted EBITDA.
Acquisition, start-up and disposition costs including legal, taxes, banker fees and other costs. Also includes payments pursuant to a separation agreement, dated as of November
10, 2015.
EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA - Non-GAAP
The tables below present EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA by business component.
($ in thousands)
Specialty
insurance
Asset
Management
Mortgage
Other
Discontinued
Operations(1)
Tiptree
Capital
Corporate
Expenses
Total
Year Ended December 31, 2017
Tiptree Capital
Pre-tax income/(loss) from continuing ops
$
5,404
$
14,245
$
2,090
$
4,001
$
— $
20,336
$
(29,070)
$
Pre-tax income/(loss) from discontinued ops
—
Add back:
Interest expense
Depreciation and amortization expenses
15,072
12,799
—
12
—
—
1,034
548
—
(6,222)
(6,222)
—
4,632
246
13,068
15,645
18,746
16,439
4,812
248
EBITDA
EBITDA adjustments:
Asset-specific debt interest
Effects of purchase accounting
Non-cash fair value adjustments
Non-recurring expenses
Adjusted EBITDA
$
33,275
$
14,257
$
3,672
$
8,879
$
22,491
$
49,299
$
(24,010)
$
(7,046)
(1,433)
508
1,657
(12)
—
—
—
(1,034)
(4,632)
(13,068)
(18,746)
—
3,039
—
—
—
679
—
—
1,158
—
3,039
1,837
—
—
—
(392)
$
26,961
$
14,245
$
5,677
$
4,926
$
10,581
$
35,429
$
(24,402)
$
37,988
(1) Includes discontinued operations related to Care. For more information, see “—FN 4 Dispositions, Assets Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations.”
Year Ended December 31, 2016
Tiptree Capital
($ in thousands)
Specialty
insurance
Asset
Management
Mortgage
Other
Discontinued
Operations(1)
Tiptree
Capital
Corporate
Expenses
Total
Pre-tax income/(loss) from continuing ops
$
46,804
$
25,264
$
4,882
$
6,996
$
— $
37,142
$
(34,806)
$
Pre-tax income/(loss) from discontinued ops
—
Add back:
Interest expense
Depreciation and amortization expenses
9,244
13,184
—
746
—
—
1,195
512
—
(5,824)
(5,824)
—
5,095
358
8,691
14,166
15,727
15,036
4,730
248
49,140
(5,824)
29,701
28,468
EBITDA
EBITDA adjustments:
Asset-specific debt interest
Effects of purchase accounting
Non-cash fair value adjustments
Non-recurring expenses
Adjusted EBITDA
$
69,232
$
26,010
$
6,589
$
12,449
$
17,033
$
62,081
$
(29,828)
$
101,485
(3,652)
(5,054)
—
—
(746)
(1,195)
(4,899)
(8,691)
(15,531)
—
—
—
—
1,277
—
—
—
—
—
1,416
711
—
2,693
711
—
—
—
(1,736)
$
60,526
$
25,264
$
6,671
$
7,550
$
10,469
$
49,954
$
(31,564)
$
(19,183)
(5,054)
2,693
(1,025)
78,916
(1) Includes discontinued operations related to Care. For more information, see “—FN 4 Dispositions, Assets Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations.”
($ in thousands)
Specialty
insurance
Asset
Management
Mortgage
Other
Discontinued
Operations(1)
Tiptree
Capital
Corporate
Expenses
Total
Year Ended December 31, 2015
Tiptree Capital
Pre-tax income/(loss) from continuing ops
$
32,012
$
(6,753)
$
2,464
$
3,475
$
— $
(814)
$
(34,102)
$
Pre-tax income/(loss) from discontinued ops
—
Add back:
Interest expense
Depreciation and amortization expenses
6,968
29,673
—
539
—
—
436
242
—
(9,535)
(9,535)
—
3,121
518
6,796
14,546
10,892
15,306
5,631
145
EBITDA
EBITDA adjustments:
Asset-specific debt interest
Effects of purchase accounting
Non-cash fair value adjustments
Non-recurring expenses
Adjusted EBITDA
$
68,653
$
(6,214)
$
3,142
$
7,114
$
11,807
$
15,849
$
(28,326)
$
(1,138)
(24,166)
—
—
(539)
—
—
—
(436)
—
(1,300)
—
—
—
—
(2,952)
(6,796)
(10,723)
—
—
1,579
6,590
$
—
(1,300)
1,579
5,405
—
—
—
5,489
$
(22,837)
$
$
43,349
$
(6,753)
$
1,406
$
4,162
$
(2,904)
(9,535)
23,491
45,124
56,176
(11,861)
(24,166)
(1,300)
7,068
25,917
(1) Includes discontinued operations related to Care. For more information, see “—FN 4 Dispositions, Assets Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations.”
43
Book Value per share, as exchanged - Non-GAAP
Book value per share, as exchanged assumes full exchange of the limited partners units of TFP for Tiptree Class A common stock.
Management believes the use of this financial measure provides supplemental information useful to investors as book value is frequently
used by the financial community to analyze company growth on a relative per share basis. The following table provides a reconciliation
between total stockholders’ equity and total shares outstanding, net of treasury shares.
($ in thousands, except per share information)
Total stockholders’ equity
Less non-controlling interest - other
Total stockholders’ equity, net of non-controlling interests - other
Total Class A shares outstanding (1)
Total Class B shares outstanding
Total shares outstanding
Book value per share, as exchanged
Year Ended December 31,
2017
2016
2015
$
$
$
$
$
396,774
19,203
377,571
29,805
8,049
37,854
$
$
390,144
20,636
369,508
28,388
8,049
36,437
9.97
$
10.14
$
397,694
15,576
382,118
34,900
8,049
42,949
8.90
(1) As of December 31, 2017, excludes 5,197,551 shares of Class A common stock held by a consolidated subsidiary of the Company. See Note 23—Earnings per Share, for further
discussion of potential dilution from warrants
Invested & Total Capital - Non-GAAP
Invested Capital represents its total cash investment, including any re-investment of earnings, and acquisition costs, net of tax.
Total Capital represents Invested Capital plus Corporate Debt.
($ in thousands)
Total stockholders’ equity
Less non-controlling interest - other
Total stockholders’ equity, net of non-controlling interests - other
Plus Specialty Insurance accumulated depreciation and amortization, net of tax
Plus Care accumulated depreciation and amortization - discontinued operations, net of tax and NCI
Plus acquisition costs
Invested Capital
Plus corporate debt
Total Capital
Year Ended December 31,
2017
2016
2015
$
$
$
$
$
396,774
19,203
377,571
36,088
30,521
8,427
452,607
188,500
641,107
$
$
$
$
$
390,144
20,636
369,508
28,497
21,528
7,311
426,844
199,000
625,844
$
$
$
$
$
397,694
15,576
382,118
21,010
13,545
6,412
423,085
175,000
598,085
Specialty Insurance - Adjusted Underwriting Margin - Non-GAAP
Underwriting margin is a measure of the underwriting profitability of our specialty insurance operations. It represents net earned
premiums, service and administrative fees, ceding commissions and other income less policy and contract benefits and commission
expense. We use the combined ratio as an insurance operating metric to evaluate our underwriting performance, both overall and
relative to peers. Expressed as a percentage, it represents the relationship of policy and contract benefits, commission expense (net
of ceding commissions), employee compensation and benefits, and other expenses to net earned premiums, service and administrative
fees, and other income. The following table provides a reconciliation between adjusted underwriting margin and pre-tax income for
the following periods:
44
($ in thousands)
Revenues:
Net earned premiums
Service and administrative fees
Ceding commissions
Other income
Less underwriting expenses:
Policy and contract benefits
Commission expense
Year Ended December 31,
2017
GAAP
2016
Non-GAAP adjustments
Non-GAAP - Adjusted
2015
2017
2016
2015
2017
2016
2015
$ 371,700
$ 229,436
$ 166,265
$
— $
— $
— $ 371,700
$ 229,436
$ 166,265
95,160
109,348
106,525
8,770
3,552
24,784
2,859
43,217
8,361
123,959
241,835
106,784
147,253
86,312
105,751
968
53
—
—
5,638
416
—
—
19,518
3,410
—
—
2,309
10,745
45,166
96,128
114,986
126,043
8,823
3,552
25,200
2,859
46,627
8,361
123,959
244,144
106,784
157,998
86,312
150,917
Underwriting Margin - Non-GAAP
$ 113,388
$ 112,390
$ 132,305
$ (1,288)
$ (4,691)
$ (22,238)
$ 112,100
$ 107,699
$ 110,067
Less operating expenses:
Employee compensation and benefits
Other expenses
Combined Ratio
Plus investment revenues:
Net investment income
Net realized and unrealized gains
Less other expenses:
Interest expense
Depreciation and amortization expenses
41,300
38,596
37,937
32,964
38,786
31,386
92.9%
87.9%
77.9%
16,286
(16,503)
15,072
12,799
12,981
14,762
9,244
13,184
5,455
1,065
6,968
29,673
—
144
—
—
—
—
—
363
—
—
—
—
—
1,928
41,300
38,740
37,937
33,327
38,786
33,314
—
—
—
—
93.2%
89.5%
87.4%
16,286
(16,503)
12,981
14,762
15,072
12,614
9,244
9,902
5,455
1,065
6,968
10,353
(185)
(3,282)
(19,320)
Pre-tax income (loss)
$
5,404
$ 46,804
$ 32,012
$ (1,247)
$ (1,772)
$ (4,846)
$
4,157
$ 45,032
$ 27,166
Specialty Insurance Investment Portfolio - Non-GAAP
The following table provides a reconciliation between total investments and net investments for the following periods:
($ in thousands)
Total Investments
Investment portfolio debt (1)
Cash and cash equivalents
Restricted cash (2)
Receivable due from brokers (3)
Liability due to brokers (3)
Net investments - Non-GAAP
Year Ended December 31,
2017
2016
2015
$
454,032
$
472,800
$
(111,459)
(146,544)
38,095
24,219
259
(8,669)
26,020
12,133
2,027
(8,457)
308,965
(54,011)
13,909
2,166
3,058
—
$
396,477
$
357,979
$
274,087
(1) Consists of asset-based financing on loans, at fair value including certain credit investments and NPLs, net of deferred financing costs, see Note 11 - Debt, net for further details.
(2) Restricted cash available to invest within certain credit investment funds which are consolidated under GAAP.
(3) Receivable due from and Liability due to brokers for unsettled trades within certain credit investment funds which are consolidated under GAAP.
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
Our principal sources of liquidity are unrestricted cash, cash equivalents and other liquid investments and distributions from operating
subsidiaries, including income from our investment portfolio and sales of investments. We intend to use our cash resources to continue
to fund our operations and grow our businesses. We may seek additional sources of cash to fund acquisitions or investments. These
additional sources of cash may take the form of debt or equity and may be at the parent, subsidiary or asset level. We are a holding
company and our liquidity needs are primarily for interest payments on the Fortress credit facility, compensation, professional fees,
office rent and insurance costs.
Our subsidiaries’ ability to generate sufficient net income and cash flows to make cash distributions will be subject to numerous
business and other factors, including restrictions contained in our subsidiaries’ financing agreements, regulatory restrictions,
availability of sufficient funds at such subsidiaries, general economic and business conditions, tax considerations, strategic plans,
financial results and other factors such as target capital ratios and ratio levels anticipated by rating agencies to maintain or improve
current ratings. We expect our cash and cash equivalents and distributions from operating subsidiaries and our subsidiaries’ access to
financing to be adequate to fund our operations for at least the next 12 months.
As of December 31, 2017, we had cash and cash equivalents, excluding restricted cash, of $110.7 million, compared to $49.8 million
at December 31, 2016, an increase of $60.9 million.
Our mortgage businesses rely on short term uncommitted sources of financing as a part of their normal course of operations. To date,
we have been able to obtain and renew uncommitted warehouse credit facilities. If we were not able to obtain financing, then we may
need to draw on other sources of liquidity to fund our mortgage business. See Note—(12) Debt, net for additional information regarding
our mortgage warehouse borrowings.
45
For purposes of determining enterprise value and Adjusted EBITDA, we consider secured corporate credit agreements and preferred
trust securities, which we refer to as corporate debt, as corporate financing and associated interest expense is added back. The below
table outlines this amount by debt outstanding and interest expense at the insurance company and corporate level.
Corporate Debt
($ in thousands)
Specialty insurance
Corporate
Total
Corporate Debt outstanding
as of December 31,
2016
2017
Interest expense for the year
ended December 31,
2016
2017
$
$
160,000
28,500
188,500
$
$
140,500
58,500
199,000
$
$
8,026
4,812
12,838
$
$
5,592
4,730
10,322
Our intermediate holding company has a credit facility with Fortress which carries a rate of LIBOR (with a minimum LIBOR rate of
1.25%), plus a margin of 6.50% per annum. We are required to make quarterly principal payments of $0.5 million, subject to adjustment
based on the Net Leverage Ratio (as defined in the credit agreement) at the end of each fiscal quarter. The outstanding debt under the
Fortress credit agreement was $28.5 million as of December 31, 2017 compared to $58.5 million as of December 31, 2016. All
remaining principal, and any unpaid interest, under the Fortress credit agreement is payable on maturity at September 18, 2018. We
intend to extend or refinance the Fortress credit agreement but we may not be able to do so on terms satisfactory to us. If we are unable
to extend or refinance, we expect to use available cash, asset sales and/or distributions from our operating subsidiaries to make the
required payments.
On October 16, 2017, Fortegra completed an offering of $125 million Junior Subordinated Notes due 2057. This credit agreement
contains customary Financial covenants that require, among other items, maximum leverage and limitations on restricted payments
under certain circumstances. As a result, in certain adverse circumstances, such limitations could restrict our ability to grow, or limit
the dividends to the holding company to pay our obligations. Substantially all of the net proceeds from the Notes were used to repay
existing indebtedness. We believe these funds will reposition Fortegra’s balance sheet, strengthen the Company’s positioning with
industry rating agencies, and generate a source of long term capital. See Note—(12) Debt, net for additional information of our debt
and that of our subsidiaries.
Consolidated Comparison of Cash Flows
Summary Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - Year Ended December 31, 2017, December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015
($ in thousands)
Operating activities
Operating activities - (excluding VIEs)
Operating activities - VIEs
Total cash provided by (used in) operating activities
Investing activities
Investing activities - (excluding VIEs)
Investing activities - VIEs
Total cash provided by (used in) investing activities
Financing activities
Financing activities - (excluding VIEs)
Financing activities - VIEs
Total cash provided by (used in) financing activities
Year ended December 31,
2016
2017
2015
$
$
49,873
(2,954)
46,919
45,274
(8,631)
36,643
$
(34,463)
25,008
(9,455)
(19,640)
225,317
205,677
(244,491)
(75,494)
(319,985)
(251,408)
33,613
(217,795)
28,987
(223,393)
(194,406)
77,525
199,427
276,952
235,090
8,573
243,663
Net increase (decrease) in cash
$
58,190
$
(6,390) $
16,413
46
Year Ended December 31, 2017
Operating Activities
Cash provided by operating activities (excluding VIEs) was $49.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2017. The primary sources
of cash from operating activities included mortgage sales outpacing originations in our loan origination business and increases in
unearned premiums, reinsurance payable and policy liabilities in our specialty insurance segment. The primary uses of cash from
operating activities including increases in reinsurance receivables and notes and account receivable in our specialty insurance segment.
Cash used in operating activities - VIEs was $3.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2017.
Investing Activities
Cash used in investing activities (excluding VIEs) was $19.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2017. The primary uses of cash
from investing activities were investments in senior living real estate properties in our senior living business. The primary sources of
cash from investing activities were proceeds from sales and maturities of investments exceeding purchases of investments, specifically
the sale of NPLs and corporate loans, as well as the sales and redemption of our subordinated note investments in our consolidated
CLOs.
Cash provided by investing activities - VIEs was $225.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2017. The primary drivers of the
cash from investing activities - VIEs were sales of investments and loan prepayments in Telos 7.
Financing Activities
Cash provided by financing activities (excluding VIEs) was $29.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2017. The primary sources
of cash from financing activities were new borrowings in our senior living business to fund our investments in real estate, new
borrowings exceeding principal paydowns on debt facilities in our loan origination business, and origination of new borrowings in
our specialty insurance business.
Cash used in financing activities - VIEs was $223.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 driven primarily by principal
payments on debt in Telos 7.
Year Ended December 31, 2016
Operating Activities
Cash provided by operating activities (excluding VIEs) was $45.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2016. The primary sources
of cash from operating activities included mortgage sales outpacing originations in our loan origination business, and increases in
unearned premiums and policy liabilities in our specialty insurance business. The primary uses of cash from operating activities
included increases in notes and accounts receivable and reinsurance receivables, and decreases in deferred revenue and reinsurance
payables in our specialty insurance business.
Cash used in operating activities - VIEs was $8.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2016 driven primarily by increases in
accrued interest receivable on loans.
Investing Activities
Cash used in investing activities (excluding VIEs) was $244.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2016. The primary uses of
cash from investing activities included investments in NPLs and corporate loans in our specialty insurance business, investments in
real estate properties in our senior living business and increase in loans in our loan origination business.
Cash used in investing activities - VIEs was $75.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2016 driven primarily by the purchase of
loans in Telos 7 during the ramp up period as it converted from a warehouse to a CLO during the second quarter of 2016.
Financing Activities
Cash provided by financing activities (excluding VIEs) was $77.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2016. The primary sources
of cash from financing activities were from borrowings in our senior living business to fund investments in real estate, borrowings
in our loan origination business to fund loan growth, increased debt in our specialty insurance business for working capital, and an
increase in borrowings in our specialty insurance business to grow our corporate loan portfolio and fund additional investments in
NPLs. The primary drivers of the cash used included paydown of the Telos 7 warehouse debt and repurchases of common stock.
47
Cash provided by financing activities - VIEs was $199.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2016 driven primarily by the senior
notes issued upon the conversion of Telos 7 from a warehouse to a CLO.
Year Ended December 31, 2015
Operating Activities
Cash used in continuing operations (excluding VIEs) was $34.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2015. The primary uses of
cash from operating activities included increased balances in mortgage loans as a result of higher volume in our loan origination
business, and increases in deferred acquisition costs and reinsurance receivables in our specialty insurance business. The primary
sources of cash included operating cash generated in our senior living business, and increases in unearned premiums, deferred revenue,
reinsurance payables and policy liabilities in our specialty insurance business.
Cash provided by operating activities - VIEs was $25.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2015 driven primarily by the net
gains on sale of loans in the CLOs.
Investing Activities
Cash used in investing activities (excluding VIEs) was $251.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2015. The primary uses of
cash from investing activities included the acquisition of senior living properties in our senior living business, purchases of corporate
loans and NPLs, and increases in outstanding loans at amortized cost. Cash provided by investing activities was primarily driven by
the sale of PFG.
Cash provided by investing activities - VIEs was $33.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2015 driven primarily by repayments
and sales of investments in loans in the CLOs, partially offset by the investment in new loans.
Financing Activities
Cash provided by financing activities (excluding VIEs) was $235.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2015. The primary
sources of cash from financing activities included increased borrowings at Siena to fund loan growth, borrowings on mortgage
warehouse lines and increases in borrowings in our senior living business to fund property acquisitions.
Cash provided by financing activities - VIEs was $8.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2015 driven primarily by a net increase
in debt on the CLOs.
Contractual Obligations
The table below summarizes Tiptree’s consolidated contractual obligations by period for payments that are due as of December 31,
2017:
($ in thousands)
Corporate Debt
Asset Based
Total Debt
Operating lease obligations (2)
Total
Less than
1 year
1-3 years
3-5 years
More than
5 years
$
$
$
28,500
60,727
89,227
4,599
93,826
$
$
$
— $
— $
5,449
5,449
15,043
20,492
$
$
101,428
101,428
8,861
110,289
$
$
160,000
—
160,000
11,342
171,342
$
$
$
Total
188,500
167,604
356,104
39,845
395,949
(1) See Note —(12) Debt, net, in the accompanying consolidated financial statements for additional information.
(2) Minimum rental obligation for Tiptree, Reliance, Luxury and Fortegra office leases. The total rent expense for the Company for the year ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 was
$6.8 million and $6.3 million, respectively.
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES
The Company’s significant accounting policies are described in Note—(2) Summary of Significant Accounting Policies. As
disclosed in Note 2, the preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”)
requires management to make estimates and assumptions about future events that affect the amounts reported in the financial
statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ significantly from those estimates. The Company believes that
the following discussion addresses the Company’s most critical accounting policies, which are those that are most important to
the portrayal of the Company’s financial condition and results of operations and require management’s most difficult , subjective
48
and complex judgments. Further information can be found in the notes to the consolidated financial statements related to the
following: valuation of assets where quoted market prices are not available can be found under “Fair Value Measurement” in
Note—(2) Summary of Significant Accounting Policies; policies related to goodwill and intangible assets can be found in Note
—(2) Summary of Significant Accounting Policies—Goodwill and Identifiable Intangible Assets, Net; and additional information
on income taxes can be found under Note—(22) Income Taxes. The consolidated financial statements are prepared under GAAP
for all periods presented. All intercompany items have been eliminated for these periods.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) Topic 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures, defines fair value, describes
the framework for measuring fair value, and addresses fair value measurement disclosures. Fair value is defined as the price
that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the
measurement date.
ASC Topic 820 establishes a three level valuation hierarchy for disclosure of fair value measurements. The valuation hierarchy
is based upon the transparency of inputs to the valuation of an asset or liability as of the measurement date. The three levels,
from highest to lowest, are defined as follows:
Level 1 - Unadjusted, quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that Tiptree has the ability to access at the
measurement date.
Level 2 - Significant inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly
through corroboration with observable market data. Level 2 inputs include quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets,
and inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability.
The types of financial assets and liabilities carried at Level 2 are valued based on one or more of the following:
a) Quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets;
b) Quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in nonactive markets;
c) Pricing models whose inputs are observable for substantially the full term of the asset or liability; and
d) Pricing models whose inputs are derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data through correlation
or other means for substantially the full term of the asset or liability.
Level 3 - Significant inputs that are unobservable inputs for the asset or liability, including Tiptree’s own data and assumptions
that are used in pricing the asset or liability.
The availability of observable inputs can vary depending on the financial asset or liability and is affected by a wide variety of
factors, including, for example, the type of product, whether the product is new, whether the product is traded on an active
exchange or in the secondary market, and the current market conditions. To the extent that valuation is based on models or inputs
that are less observable or unobservable in the market, the determination of fair value requires more judgment. Accordingly, the
degree of judgment exercised by the Company in determining fair value is greatest for instruments categorized within Level 3
of the fair value hierarchy. In certain cases, the inputs used to measure fair value may fall into different levels of the fair value
hierarchy. In such cases, for disclosure purposes, the level in the fair value hierarchy within which the fair value measurement
in its entirety is determined based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety. Tiptree’s
assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement in its entirety requires judgment and the
consideration of factors specific to the asset. From time to time, Tiptree’s assets and liabilities will transfer between one level
to another level. It is Tiptree’s policy to recognize transfers between different levels at the end of each reporting period.
Tiptree utilizes both observable and unobservable inputs into its valuation methodologies. Observable inputs include benchmark
yields, reported trades, broker-dealer quotes, issuer spreads, benchmark securities, bids, offers and reference data. In addition,
specific issuer information and other market data is used. For broker quotes, quotes are obtained from sources recognized to be
market participants. Unobservable inputs may include expected cash flow streams, default rates, supply and demand
considerations and market volatility.
Reserves
Insurance Reserves
Unpaid claims are reserve estimates that are established in accordance with U.S. GAAP using generally accepted actuarial
methods. Credit life and AD&D unpaid claims reserves include claims in the course of settlement and incurred but not reported
49
(“IBNR”). Credit disability unpaid claims reserves also include continuing claim reserves for open disability claims. For all
other Fortegra product lines, unpaid claims reserves are bulk reserves and are entirely IBNR. The Company uses a number of
algorithms in establishing its unpaid claims reserves. These algorithms are used to calculate unpaid claims as a function of paid
losses, earned premium, target loss ratios, in-force amounts, unearned premium reserves, industry recognized morbidity tables
or a combination of these factors.
In arriving at the unpaid claims reserves, the Company conducts an actuarial analysis on a basis gross of reinsurance. The same
estimates used as a basis in calculating the gross unpaid claims reserves are then used as the basis for calculating the net unpaid
claims reserves, which take into account the impact of reinsurance. Anticipated future loss development patterns form a key
assumption underlying these analyses. Our claims are generally reported and settled quickly, resulting in consistent historical
loss development patterns. From the anticipated loss development patterns, a variety of actuarial loss projection techniques are
employed, such as the chain ladder method, the Bornhuetter-Ferguson method and expected loss ratio method.
The unpaid claims reserves represent the Company's best estimates, generally involving actuarial projections at a given time.
Actual claim costs are dependent upon a number of complex factors such as changes in doctrines of legal liabilities and damage
awards. These factors are not directly quantifiable, particularly on a prospective basis. The Company periodically reviews and
updates its methods of making such unpaid claims reserve estimates and establishing the related liabilities based on our actual
experience. The Company has not made any changes to its methodologies for determining unpaid claims reserves in the periods
presented.
Deferred Acquisition Costs
The Company defers certain costs of acquiring new and renewal insurance policies and other products within the Company’s
specialty insurance segment.
Insurance Policy Related
Insurance policy related deferred acquisition costs are limited to direct costs that resulted from successful contract transactions
and would not have been incurred by the Company's insurance company subsidiaries had the transactions not occurred. These
capitalized costs are amortized as the related premium is earned.
The Company evaluates whether insurance related deferred acquisition costs are recoverable at year-end, and considers
investment income in the recoverability analysis. As a result of the Company's evaluations, no write-offs for unrecoverable
insurance related deferred acquisition costs were recognized during the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015,
respectively.
Non-insurance Policy Related
Other deferred acquisition costs are limited to prepaid direct costs, typically commissions and contract transaction fees, that
resulted from successful contract transactions and would not have been incurred by the Company had the transactions not
occurred. These capitalized costs are amortized as the related service and administrative fees are earned.
The Company evaluates whether deferred acquisition costs - non-insurance policy related are recoverable at year-end. As a result
of the Company's evaluations, no write-offs for unrecoverable deferred acquisition costs were recognized during the years ended
December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively.
Revenue Recognition
The Company earns revenues from a variety of sources:
Earned Premiums, net
Net earned premium is from direct and assumed earned premium consisting of revenue generated from the direct sale of insurance
policies by the Company's distributors and premiums written for insurance policies by another carrier and assumed by the
Company. Whether direct or assumed, the premium is earned over the life of the respective policy using methods appropriate
to the pattern of losses for the type of business. Methods used include the Rule of 78's, pro rata, and other actuarial methods.
Management selects the appropriate method based on available information, and periodically reviews the selections as additional
information becomes available. Direct and assumed premiums are offset by premiums ceded to the Company's reinsurers,
including PORCs, earned in the same manner. The amount ceded is proportional to the amount of risk assumed by the reinsurer.
50
Service and Administrative Fees
The Company earns service and administrative fees from a variety of activities. Such fees are typically positively correlated
with transaction volume and are recognized as revenue as they become both realized and earned.
Service Fees. Service fee revenue is recognized as the services are performed. These services include fulfillment, software
development, and claims handling for our customers. Collateral tracking fee income is recognized when the service is performed
and billed. Management reviews the financial results under each significant contract on a monthly basis. Any losses that may
occur due to a specific contract would be recognized in the period in which the loss is determined probable. During the years
ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively, the Company did not incur a loss with respect to a specific significant
service fee contract.
Administrative Fees. Administrative fee revenue includes the administration of premium associated with our producers and their
PORCs. In addition, we also earn fee revenue from debt cancellation programs, motor club programs, and warranty programs.
Related administrative fee revenue is recognized consistent with the earnings recognition pattern of the underlying insurance
policies, debt cancellation contracts and motor club memberships being administered, using Rule of 78's, modified Rule of 78's,
pro rata, or other methods as appropriate for the contract. Management selects the appropriate method based on available
information, and periodically reviews the selections as additional information becomes available.
Ceding Commissions
Ceding commissions earned under reinsurance agreements are based on contractual formulas that take into account, in part,
underwriting performance and investment returns experienced by the assuming companies. As experience changes, adjustments
to the ceding commissions are reflected in the period incurred and are based on the claim experience of the related policy. The
adjustment is calculated by adding the earned premium and investment income from the assets held in trust for the Company's
benefit less earned commissions, incurred claims and the reinsurer's fee for the coverage.
Commissions Payable and Expense
Commissions are paid to distributors and retailers selling credit insurance policies, motor club memberships, mobile device
protection, and warranty service contracts, and are generally deferred and expensed in proportion to the earning of related
revenue. Credit insurance commission rates, in many instances, are set by state regulators and are also impacted by market
conditions. In certain instances, credit insurance commissions are subject to retrospective adjustment based on the profitability
of the related policies. Under these retrospective commission arrangements, the producer of the credit insurance policies receives
a retrospective commission if the premium generated by that producer in the accounting period exceeds the costs associated
with those policies, which includes the Company's administrative fees, claims, reserves, and premium taxes. The Company
analyzes the retrospective commission calculation periodically for each producer and, based on the analysis associated with
each such producer, the Company records a liability for any positive net retrospective commission earned and due to the producer
or, conversely, records a receivable, net of allowance, for amounts due from such producer for instances where the net result of
the retrospective commission calculation is negative.
Share-Based Compensation
The Company measures compensation cost for share-based awards at fair value and recognizes compensation over the service
period for awards expected to vest. The fair value of restricted stock is based on the number of shares granted and the quoted
price of our common stock at the time of grant. In addition, the estimation of share-based awards that will ultimately vest requires
judgment, and to the extent actual results or updated estimates differ from our current estimates, such amounts will be recorded
as a cumulative adjustment in the period that the estimates are revised. The Company considers many factors when estimating
expected forfeitures, including types of awards, employee class, and historical experience. Actual results, and future changes in
estimates, may differ substantially from our current estimates.
Income Taxes
The Company accounts for income taxes under the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized
for the future tax consequences attributable to the differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets
and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to
apply to taxable income in the years in which the temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled.
51
The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in the tax rates is recognized in earnings in the period that includes
the enactment date. Additionally, taxing jurisdictions could retroactively disagree with our tax treatment of certain items, and
some historical transactions have income tax effects going forward. Accounting guidance requires these future effects to be
evaluated using current laws, rules and regulations, each of which can change at any time and in an unpredictable manner.
The Company establishes valuation allowances for deferred tax assets when, in its judgment, it concludes that it is more likely
than not that the deferred tax assets will not be realized. These judgments are based on projections of future income, including
tax-planning strategies, by individual tax jurisdictions. Changes in economic conditions and the competitive environment may
impact the accuracy of the Company’s projections. On a quarterly basis, the Company assesses the likelihood that its deferred
tax assets will be realized and determines if adjustments to the Company’s valuation allowance is appropriate. As a result of this
assessment, as of December 31, 2017, the consolidated valuation allowance for Tiptree was $4.3 million. The increase and/or
decrease in valuation allowance could have a significant negative or positive impact on our current and future earnings. In 2017,
the Company recorded a net increase of valuation allowances of $2.3 million as compared to an increase of $1.0 million in 2016.
Acquisition Accounting
In connection with our acquisitions, assets acquired and liabilities assumed are recorded at fair value as of the acquisition date.
The accounting for acquisitions requires the identification and measurement of all acquired tangible and intangible assets and
assumed liabilities at their respective fair values as of the acquisition date. In measuring the fair value of net tangible and identified
intangible assets acquired, management uses information obtained as a result of pre-acquisition due diligence, marketing, leasing
activities and independent appraisals. The determination of fair value involved the use of significant judgment and estimation.
Goodwill and Intangible Assets
The initial measurement of goodwill and intangibles requires judgment concerning estimates of the fair value of the acquired
assets and liabilities. Goodwill (and indefinite-lived intangible assets) are not amortized but subject to tests for impairment
annually or if events or circumstances indicate it is more likely than not they may be impaired. Other intangible assets are
amortized over their estimated useful lives and are subject to impairment if events or circumstances indicate a possible inability
to realize the carrying amount.
GAAP also requires that an interim test be done whenever events or circumstances occur that may indicate that it is more likely
than not that the fair value of any reporting unit might be less than its carrying value. No such events or circumstances have
occurred during the years ended December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively. 2015 had an impairment charge.
During the fourth quarter of 2016, the Company changed the date of its annual impairment test of goodwill from December 31
to October 1. The Company believes the change in goodwill impairment date does not result in a material change in the method
of applying the accounting principle. This change provides the Company additional time to complete the annual impairment
test of goodwill in advance of our year end reporting. The Company will continue to perform interim impairment testing should
circumstances or events require. This change does not result in a delay, acceleration, or avoidance of an impairment charge. This
change was applied prospectively in 2017 because it was impracticable to apply it retrospectively due to the difficulty in making
estimates and assumptions without using hindsight.
Key judgments in accounting for intangibles include useful life and classification between goodwill and indefinite-lived
intangibles or other intangibles requiring amortization. Indefinite-lived intangible assets are evaluated for impairment at least
annually by comparing their fair values, estimated using discounted cash flow analyses, to their carrying values. Other amortizing
intangible assets are evaluated for impairment if events and circumstances indicate a possible impairment. Such evaluation of
other intangible assets is initially based on undiscounted cash flow projections. See Note—(2) Summary of Significant Accounting
Policies, in the accompanying consolidated financial statements for further detail.
Significant Accounting Policies Related to Dispositions, Assets Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations
Reserves
Loan Reserves (Siena)
Certain loans originated by the Company within its commercial lending business are asset backed loans held for investment and
are carried at amortized cost. An allowance for loan losses is a valuation allowance for probable incurred credit losses. Loan
losses are charged against the allowance when the Company believes the uncollectibility of a loan balance is confirmed.
Management reviews its methodology for its calculation of its loss provision as deemed necessary which is at least on an annual
52
basis.
Although we sell substantially all of the loans we originate in our mortgage business, we remain subject to claims for repurchases
or indemnities related to mortgage loans we originate in the event of early payment defaults or breaches of representations and
warranties regarding loan quality, compliance and certain other loan characteristics. A reserve estimated for probable claims are
based on historical experience and is calculated as a reduction to gain on sale on all of the loans we originate. Management
reviews its methodology annually or more often if representation and warranty claims patterns change.
Revenue Recognition
Rental Revenue (Care)
Rental revenue from residents in Managed Properties are recognized monthly as services are provided, as lease periods for
residents are short-term in nature. The Company recognizes rental revenue from NNN properties on a straight-line basis over
the non-cancelable term of the lease unless another systematic and rational basis is more representative of the time pattern in
which the use benefit is derived from the leased property. Renewal options in leases with rental terms that are higher than those
in the primary term are excluded from the calculation of straight-line rent if the renewals are not reasonably assured. The Company
commences rental revenue recognition when the tenant takes control of the leased space. The Company recognizes lease
termination payments as a component of rental revenue in the period received, provided that there are no further obligations
under the lease.
Recently Issued Accounting Standards
For a discussion of recently issued accounting standards see Note—(2) Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, in the
accompanying consolidated financial statements.
OFF-BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS
In the normal course of business, we enter into various off-balance sheet arrangements including entering into derivative financial
instruments and hedging transactions, operating leases and sponsoring and owning interests in consolidated and non-consolidated
variable interest entities.
Further disclosure on our off-balance sheet arrangements as of December 31, 2017 is presented in the “Notes to Consolidated Financial
Statements” in “Part II. Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” of this filing as follows:
• Note —(10) Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedging
• Note —(11) Assets and Liabilities of Consolidated CLOs
• Note —(23) Commitments and Contingencies
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Interest Rate Risk
We are exposed to interest rate risk related to borrowings in various businesses. These risks result primarily from changes in
LIBOR rates and the spread over LIBOR rates related to the credit risks of our businesses.
For fixed rate debt, interest rate fluctuations generally affect the fair value of our liabilities, but do not impact our earnings.
Therefore, interest rate risk does not have a significant impact on our fixed rate debt obligations until such obligations mature
or until we elect to prepay and refinance such obligations. If interest rates have risen at the time our fixed rate debt matures or
is refinanced, our future earnings could be adversely affected by additional borrowing costs. Conversely, lower interest rates at
the time of maturity or refinancing may lower our overall interest expense. As of December 31, 2017, the Company had $125
million of a general purpose fixed-rate debt outstanding maturing in 2057.
For general purpose floating rate debt, interest rate fluctuations primarily affect interest expense and cash flows. If market interest
rates rise, our earnings could be adversely affected by an increase in interest expense. In contrast, lower interest rates may reduce
our interest expense and improve our earnings, except to the extent that our borrowings are subject to interest rate floors. The
floating interest rate risk of asset-based financing is generally offset as the financing and the purchased financial asset are
generally subject to the same interest rate risk. For floating rate risk of other asset-based financing such as borrowings to finance
acquisitions of real estate, we generally hedge our exposure to the variability of the benchmark index with an interest rate swap.
53
As of December 31, 2017, we had $28.5 million of general purpose floating rate debt with a weighted average rate of 7.9%. A
100 basis point change in interest rates would increase interest expense by $0.3 million and decrease interest rate expense by
$0.0 million (including the effect of applicable floors) on an annualized basis. As of December 31, 2016, we had $164 million
of general purpose floating rate debt with a weighted average rate of 5.0%. A 100 basis point change in interest rates would
increase interest expense by $1.4 million and decrease interest rate expense by $0.8 million (including the effect of applicable
floors) on an annualized basis.
Credit Risk
For the purposes of the analysis of credit and market risk related to investments in consolidated CLO entities, the Company
assesses its risk on its direct investment in such entities. We are exposed to credit risk related to the following investments:
Investments
Subordinated notes and related participations in management fees
Levered loan fund
Non-performing loans
Business
Asset Management
Specialty Insurance
Specialty Insurance
As of December 31,
2017
2016
$
— $
157,661
37,666
$ 195,327
57,317
175,558
74,923
$ 307,798
An increase in the default rate by 1% of investments in such loans would result in estimated credit losses, net of anticipated
recoveries of approximately $0.8 million and $4.7 million as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Non-performing
loans are collateralized by residential property values which are subject to volatility and may be affected adversely by a number
of factors, including, but not limited to, national, regional and local economic conditions and local real estate market conditions.
Our specialty insurance business also has exposure to credit risk in the form of fixed income securities which are primarily
invested in high-grade government, municipal and corporate debt securities.
As of December 31, 2016 we were exposed to a certain amount of market risk in our asset management business through the
purchase of index swaps which are intended to reduce the risk of credit losses related to subordinated notes under certain market
distress scenarios. A 100 basis point change in the credit index underlying such swaps would have resulted in income or loss of
approximately $0.4 million as of December 31, 2016. There was no similar exposure as of December 31, 2017.
In addition, our mortgage business also underwrites mortgage loans for the purpose of selling them into the secondary market.
Due to the relatively short holding period, the credit risk associated with mortgage loans held for sale is not expected to be
significant.
See Note—(6) Investments to the consolidated financial statements for more information regarding our investments in loans by
type.
Market Risk
We are primarily exposed to market risk related to the following investments:
Investments
Equity securities
Subordinated notes and related participations in management fees
Total
Business
Specialty Insurance
Asset Management
As of December 31,
2016
2017
$
$
25,536
—
25,536
$
48,612
57,317
$ 105,929
A 10% increase or decrease in the fair value of such investments would result in $2.6 million and $10.6 million of unrealized
gains and losses as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. As of February 1, 2018, we own 16.6 million shares of Invesque,
see “Risk Factors — Risks Related to our Business - Our investment in Invesque shares is subject to transfer restrictions, market
volatility and the risk that Invesque changes its dividend policy”.
Counterparty Risk
We are subject to counterparty risk to the extent that we engage in derivative activities for hedging or other purposes. As of
December 31, 2017 and 2016, the total fair value of derivatives assets subject to counterparty risk, including the effect of any
legal right of offset, totaled $5.0 million and $6.6 million. We generally manage our counterparty risk to derivative counterparties
by entering into contracts with counterparties of high credit quality.
54
Reinsurance receivables were $353.0 million and $296.2 million as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Of those
amounts, $203 million and $165 million relates to contracts where we hold collateral or receive letters of credit in excess of the
receivables balance. The remainder is held with high quality reinsurers, substantially all of which have a rating of A or better
by A.M. Best. No counterparty constituted more than 10% of any uncollateralized reinsurance receivable exposure as of December
31, 2017.
We were also exposed to counterparty risk of approximately $68.1 million and $59.2 million as of December 31, 2017 and 2016,
respectively, related to our retrospective commission arrangements; associated risks are offset by the Company’s contractual
ability to withhold future commissions against the retrospective balances. In addition, we are exposed to counterparty risk of
approximately $12.2 million and $20.6 million as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively, related to our premium financing
business. The risk associated with such arrangements is mitigated by the fact that we have the contractual ability to cancel the
insurance policy and have premiums refunded to us by the insurer in the event of a counterparty default.
55
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
Index to Consolidated Financial Statements
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2017 and 2016
Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and
2015
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity for the years ended December 31, 2017,
2016 and 2015
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Page
F- 2
F- 5
F- 6
F- 7
F- 8
F- 10
F- 12
F- 1
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Stockholders and the Board of Directors of
Tiptree Inc.
Opinion on the Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheet of Tiptree Inc. and subsidiaries (the "Company") as
of December 31, 2017, the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income (loss), changes in
stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for the year then ended, and the related notes and the schedule listed in the Index
at Item 15 (collectively referred to as the "financial statements"). In our opinion, the financial statements present
fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2017, and the results of its
operations and its cash flows for the year then ended, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted
in the United States of America.
We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United
States) (PCAOB), the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2017, based on criteria
established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations
of the Treadway Commission and our report dated March 14, 2018, expressed an unqualified opinion on the Company's
internal control over financial reporting.
Basis for Opinion
These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an
opinion on the Company's financial statements based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with
the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal
securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and
perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material
misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audit included performing procedures to assess the risks of material
misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to
those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in
the financial statements. Our audit also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates
made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our
audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
/s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP
New York, New York
March 14, 2018
We have served as the Company's auditor since 2017.
F- 2
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Stockholders and the Board of Directors of
Tiptree Inc.
Opinion on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
We have audited the internal control over financial reporting of Tiptree Inc. and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of
December 31, 2017, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the
Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). In our opinion, the Company
maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2017, based
on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by COSO.
We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United
States) (PCAOB), the consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2017, of the
Company and our report dated March 14, 2018, expressed an unqualified opinion on those financial statements.
Basis for Opinion
The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and
for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying
Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on
the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered
with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal
securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and
perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting
was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over
financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating
effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered
necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding
the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance
with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those
policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly
reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that
transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally
accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance
with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding
prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could
have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements.
Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become
inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may
deteriorate.
/s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP
New York, New York
March 14, 2018
F- 3
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
The Board of Directors and Stockholders
Tiptree Inc.:
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheet of Tiptree Inc. and subsidiaries as of December 31,
2016, and the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income (loss), changes in
stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the two-year period ended
December 31, 2016 and the schedule listed in the Index at Item 15. These consolidated financial statements and
financial statement schedule are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express
an opinion on these consolidated financial statements and financial statement schedule based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board
(United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about
whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis,
evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the
accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall
financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the
financial position of Tiptree Inc. and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2016, and the results of their operations and
their cash flows for each of the years in the two-year period ended December 31, 2016, in conformity with U.S.
generally accepted accounting principles. Also in our opinion, the related financial statement schedule, when
considered in relation to the basic consolidated financial statements taken as a whole, present fairly, in all material
respects, the information set forth therein.
/s/ KPMG LLP
New York, New York
March 13, 2017, except for Notes 4B and 4C, as to which the date is March 14, 2018
F- 4
TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Balance Sheets
(in thousands, except share data)
Assets:
Investments:
Available for sale securities, at fair value
Loans, at fair value
Loans at amortized cost, net
Equity securities, trading, at fair value
Other investments
Total investments
Cash and cash equivalents
Restricted cash
Notes and accounts receivable, net
Reinsurance receivables
Deferred acquisition costs
Goodwill
Intangible assets, net
Other assets
Assets of consolidated CLOs
Assets held for sale
Total assets
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
Liabilities:
Debt, net
Unearned premiums
Policy liabilities and unpaid claims
Deferred revenue
Reinsurance payable
Other liabilities and accrued expenses
Liabilities of consolidated CLOs
Liabilities held for sale
Total liabilities
Commitments and contingencies (see Note 23)
Stockholders’ Equity:
Preferred stock: $0.001 par value, 100,000,000 shares authorized, none issued or outstanding
Common stock - Class A: $0.001 par value, 200,000,000 shares authorized, 35,003,004 and 34,983,616
shares issued and outstanding, respectively
Common stock - Class B: $0.001 par value, 50,000,000 shares authorized, 8,049,029 and 8,049,029
shares issued and outstanding, respectively
Additional paid-in capital
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax
Retained earnings
Class A common stock held by subsidiaries, 5,197,551 and 6,596,000 shares, respectively
Class B common stock held by subsidiaries, 8,049,029 and 8,049,029 shares, respectively
Total Tiptree Inc. stockholders’ equity
Non-controlling interests - TFP
Non-controlling interests - Other
Total stockholders’ equity
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
F- 5
As of December 31,
2016
2017
$
182,448
258,173
—
25,536
59,142
525,299
110,667
31,570
186,422
352,967
147,162
91,562
64,017
31,584
—
448,492
$ 1,989,742
$
146,171
373,089
113,138
48,612
47,724
728,734
49,786
24,472
153,638
296,234
126,608
92,767
73,658
31,489
989,495
323,169
$ 2,890,050
$
346,081
503,446
112,003
56,745
90,554
121,321
—
362,818
$ 1,592,968
$
554,870
414,960
103,391
52,254
70,588
124,241
931,969
247,633
$ 2,499,906
$
— $
35
—
35
8
295,582
966
38,079
(34,585)
(8)
300,077
77,494
19,203
396,774
$ 1,989,742
8
297,391
555
37,974
(42,524)
(8)
293,431
76,077
20,636
390,144
$ 2,890,050
TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Statements of Operations
(in thousands, except share data)
Year Ended December 31,
2016
2015
2017
Revenues:
Earned premiums, net
Service and administrative fees
Ceding commissions
Net investment income
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses)
Other revenue
Total revenues
Expenses:
Policy and contract benefits
Commission expense
Employee compensation and benefits
Interest expense
Depreciation and amortization
Other expenses
Total expenses
Other income:
Income attributable to consolidated CLOs
Expenses attributable to consolidated CLOs
Net income (loss) attributable to consolidated CLOs
Total other income
Income (loss) before taxes from continuing operations
Less: provision (benefit) for income taxes
Net income (loss) from continuing operations
Discontinued operations:
Income (loss) before taxes from discontinued operations
Gain on sale of discontinued operations
Less: Provision (benefit) for income taxes
Net income (loss) from discontinued operations
Net income (loss) before non-controlling interests
Less: net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests - TFP
Less: net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests - Other
Net income (loss) attributable to Tiptree Inc. Class A common stockholders
Net income (loss) per Class A common share:
Basic, continuing operations, net
Basic, discontinued operations, net
Basic earnings per share
Diluted, continuing operations, net
Diluted, discontinued operations, net
Diluted earnings per share
Weighted average number of Class A common shares:
Basic
Diluted
$
$
$
$
$
371,700
95,160
8,770
16,286
47,607
42,275
581,798
123,959
241,835
115,949
25,562
13,841
74,439
595,585
24,903
14,446
10,457
10,457
(3,330)
(12,562)
9,232
(6,222)
—
(2,224)
(3,998)
5,234
748
882
3,604
0.22
(0.10)
0.12
0.21
(0.10)
0.11
$
$
$
$
$
229,436
109,348
24,784
12,981
87,300
42,574
506,423
106,784
147,253
115,612
21,010
14,302
72,576
477,537
53,577
33,323
20,254
20,254
49,140
12,515
36,625
(5,824)
—
(1,537)
(4,287)
32,338
6,432
586
25,320
0.88
(0.09)
0.79
0.86
(0.08)
0.78
$
$
$
$
$
166,265
106,525
43,217
5,455
31,469
39,400
392,331
86,312
105,751
89,331
16,695
30,578
59,679
388,346
23,613
30,502
(6,889)
(6,889)
(2,904)
(753)
(2,151)
1,260
27,220
17,527
10,953
8,802
2,630
393
5,779
(0.01)
0.18
0.17
(0.01)
0.18
0.17
29,134,190
37,306,632
31,721,449
31,766,674
33,202,681
33,202,681
Dividends declared per common share
$
0.12
$
0.10
$
0.10
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
F- 6
TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss)
(in thousands)
Year Ended December 31,
2016
2015
2017
Net income (loss) before non-controlling interests
$
5,234
$
32,338
$
8,802
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
Unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale securities:
Unrealized holding gains (losses) arising during the period
Related tax (expense) benefit
Reclassification of (gains) losses included in net income
Related tax expense (benefit)
Unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale securities, net of tax
Interest rate swaps (cash flow hedges):
Unrealized gains (losses) on interest rate swaps
Related tax (expense) benefit
Reclassification of (gains) losses included in net income
Related tax expense (benefit)
Unrealized (losses) gains on interest rate swaps from cash flow hedges, net of tax
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax
Comprehensive income (loss)
Less: Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests - TFP
Less: Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests - Other
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to Tiptree Inc. Class A common stockholders $
806
(284)
(435)
153
240
282
(92)
184
(59)
315
289
(103)
(1,026)
362
(478)
2,210
(658)
121
(25)
1,648
555
5,789
842
932
4,015
$
1,170
33,508
6,560
962
25,986
$
(134)
43
99
(35)
(27)
(326)
112
274
(95)
(35)
(62)
8,740
2,630
393
5,717
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
F- 7
TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity
(in thousands, except shares)
Number of Shares
Par Value
Common Stock held by subsidiaries
Class A
Class B
Class A
Class B
Additional
paid in
capital
Accumulated
other
comprehensive
income (loss)
Retained
earnings
Class A
Shares
Class A
Amount
Class B
Shares
Class B
Amount
Total
stockholders’
equity to
Tiptree Inc.
Non-
controlling
interests -
TFP
Non-
controlling
interests -
Other
Total
stockholders'
equity
31,830,174
9,770,367
$
32
$
10
$ 271,090
$
(49) $ 13,379
$
— $
— $
— $
— $
284,462
$
90,144
$ 27,015
$
401,621
299,411
—
—
—
2,357
—
1,721,338
(1,721,338)
—
—
—
—
1,625,000
(576,090)
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
2
—
—
—
—
2
(1)
—
—
—
—
(2)
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
11,958
(3,981)
—
15,639
—
—
—
(50)
—
—
—
—
—
—
(12)
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
(3,313)
5,779
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
34,899,833
8,049,029
$
35
$
8
$ 297,063
$
(111) $ 15,845
— $
197,296
101,845
—
—
—
(215,358)
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
2,102
550
—
—
—
(1,230)
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
666
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
F- 8
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
2,357
—
—
—
—
302
2,357
—
(62)
302
—
(12)
—
(934)
(730)
(1,664)
(5,313)
—
(5,313)
—
—
—
1,861
13,821
—
(3,982)
(7,765)
(7,765)
(17,237)
(5,500)
—
2,630
—
393
(7,110)
(3,313)
8,802
—
(50)
—
—
—
11,960
(3,982)
—
15,627
(3,313)
5,779
— $
— $
312,840
$
69,278
$ 15,576
$
397,694
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
2,102
550
666
—
—
—
—
128
—
—
—
376
6,452
2,102
550
1,170
6,452
(803)
(2,195)
(2,998)
(1,230)
—
—
(1,230)
Balance at December 31,
2014
Stock-based compensation
to directors, employees and
other persons for services
rendered
Class A shares issued and
Class B shares redeemed
due to TFP unit
redemptions
Other comprehensive loss,
net of tax
Non-controlling interest
contributions
Non-controlling interest
distributions
Non-controlling interest
tax distributions
Purchase of majority
ownership of subsidiary
Shares purchased under
stock purchase plan
Reduction in non-
controlling interest due to
PFG disposition
Net changes in non-
controlling interest
Dividends declared
Net income
Balance at December 31,
2015
Stock-based compensation
to directors and employees
Shares issued to settle
contingent consideration
Other comprehensive
income, net of tax
Non-controlling interest
contributions
Non-controlling interest
distributions
Shares purchased under
stock purchase plan
TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity
(in thousands, except shares)
Number of Shares
Par Value
Common Stock held by subsidiaries
Class A
Class B
Class A
Class B
Additional
paid in
capital
Accumulated
other
comprehensive
income (loss)
Retained
earnings
Class A
Shares
Class A
Amount
Class B
Shares
Class B
Amount
Total
stockholders’
equity to
Tiptree Inc.
Non-
controlling
interests -
TFP
Non-
controlling
interests -
Other
Total
stockholders'
equity
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
(1,094)
—
—
—
—
—
—
— (6,596,000)
(42,524)
(8,049,029)
(8)
(42,532)
—
(3,191)
25,320
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
(1,094)
(3,191)
25,320
—
1,042
—
6,432
—
(159)
—
586
(42,532)
(211)
(3,191)
32,338
34,983,616
8,049,029
$
35
$
8
$ 297,391
$
555
$ 37,974
(6,596,000) $(42,524)
(8,049,029) $
(8) $
293,431
$
76,077
$ 20,636
$
390,144
—
19,388
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
2,139
(588)
(76)
(1,371)
—
—
—
—
(1,913)
—
—
—
—
—
—
411
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
131,483
—
854
756,046
4,914
— 1,510,920
9,471
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
— (1,000,000)
(7,300)
—
(3,499)
3,604
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
2,139
266
4,838
8,100
411
—
—
(7,300)
(1,913)
(3,499)
3,604
—
—
—
—
94
3,346
5,485
266
4,838
8,100
555
—
—
50
2,464
2,464
(966)
(2,002)
(2,968)
—
—
1,541
(6,173)
—
748
—
882
(7,300)
(6,545)
(3,499)
5,234
35,003,004
8,049,029
$
35
$
8
$ 295,582
$
966
$ 38,079
(5,197,551) $(34,585)
(8,049,029) $
(8) $
300,077
$
77,494
$ 19,203
$
396,774
Shares acquired by
subsidiaries
Net changes in non-
controlling interest
Dividends declared
Net income
Balance at December 31,
2016
Amortization of share-
based incentive
compensation
Vesting of share-based
incentive compensation
Shares issued to settle
contingent consideration
Issuance of common stock
for cash upon exercise of
stock options
Other comprehensive
income, net of tax
Non-controlling interest
contributions
Non-controlling interest
distributions
Shares acquired by
subsidiaries
Net changes in non-
controlling interest
Dividends declared
Net income
Balance at December 31,
2017
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
F- 9
TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(in thousands)
Operating Activities:
Net income (loss) available to common stockholders
Net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests - TFP
Net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests - Other
Net income (loss)
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities
Net realized and unrealized (gains) losses
Net (gain) on sale of subsidiary
Net unrealized loss (gain) on interest rate swaps
Realized (gain) on cash flow hedge
Change in fair value of contingent consideration
Impairment of goodwill
Non cash compensation expense
Amortization/accretion of premiums and discounts
Depreciation and amortization expense
Provision for doubtful accounts
Amortization of deferred financing costs
Loss on extinguishment of debt
Deferred tax expense (benefit)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Mortgage loans originated for sale
Proceeds from the sale of mortgage loans originated for sale
(Increase) decrease in notes and accounts receivable
(Increase) decrease in reinsurance receivables
(Increase) decrease in deferred acquisition costs
(Increase) decrease in other assets
Increase (decrease) in unearned premiums
Increase (decrease) in policy liabilities and unpaid claims
Increase (decrease) in deferred revenue
Increase (decrease) in reinsurance payable
Increase (decrease) in other liabilities and accrued expenses
Operating activities from consolidated CLOs
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities
Investing Activities:
Purchases of investments
Proceeds from sales and maturities of investments
(Increase) decrease in loans owned, at amortized cost, net
Purchases of real estate capital expenditures
Proceeds from the sale of real estate
Purchases of corporate fixed assets
Proceeds from the sale of subsidiaries
Proceeds from notes receivable
Issuance of notes receivable
(Increase) decrease in restricted cash
Deposits returned for future real estate acquisitions
Business and asset acquisitions, net of cash and deposits
Distributions from equity method investments
Investing activities from consolidated CLOs
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities
Year ended December 31,
2016
2015
2017
$
3,604
$
25,320
$
748
882
5,234
(47,607)
(1,944)
—
(877)
3,192
—
6,560
1,316
29,992
1,019
2,770
1,163
(11,249)
6,432
586
32,338
(87,300)
—
22
—
(313)
—
2,584
1,386
28,543
1,719
2,037
—
6,447
5,779
2,630
393
8,802
(31,318)
(15,619)
—
(852)
(2,503)
699
443
2,596
46,724
933
1,441
—
(17,107)
(1,592,726)
(1,767,622)
(1,137,623)
1,658,646
1,833,273
1,139,333
(48,085)
(53,256)
(20,554)
(4,849)
87,880
5,729
4,082
19,966
3,471
(2,954)
46,919
(13,692)
(35,185)
(3,540)
(253)
25,261
22,728
(7,182)
4,748
(725)
(8,631)
36,643
(33,500)
(88,232)
(50,361)
(6,339)
89,873
5,009
17,099
45,253
(9,214)
25,008
(9,455)
(219,955)
(269,894)
(382,502)
296,855
(37,166)
(1,141)
14,035
(1,747)
14,089
50,175
(41,861)
(7,098)
—
205,141
(62,024)
(5,679)
5,376
(1,480)
—
36,891
(44,860)
(5,694)
—
(85,826)
(102,268)
—
(75,494)
86,363
(16,710)
(2,165)
92
(4,066)
142,837
44,342
(32,645)
(11,047)
(125)
(78,057)
2,275
33,613
(319,985)
(217,795)
—
225,317
205,677
F- 10
Year ended December 31,
2016
2015
2017
(3,499)
2,464
(2,224)
—
(9,588)
(3,191)
3,339
(2,998)
—
(3,830)
(3,313)
2,163
(6,977)
(2,953)
(1,865)
1,857,571
2,085,142
1,442,756
(1,816,537)
(1,957,183)
(1,190,739)
8,100
(7,300)
(223,393)
(194,406)
58,190
49,786
13,224
121,200
10,533
—
(43,754)
199,427
276,952
(6,390)
60,677
8,723
63,010
13,224
$
110,667
$
49,786
$
—
(3,982)
8,573
243,663
16,413
52,053
934
69,400
8,723
60,677
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
34,113
5,049
765,603
729,597
8,178
11,000
2,049
4,838
7,585
15,033
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
— $
— $
— $
27,164
6,176
$
$
55,077
38,739
— $
— $
— $
— $
— $
— $
— $
15,132
$
— $
— $
— $
—
—
—
—
—
—
52,836
2,289
39,728
2,200
11,960
TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (continued)
(in thousands)
Financing Activities:
Dividends paid
Non-controlling interest contributions
Non-controlling interest distributions
Change in non-controlling interest
Payment of debt issuance costs
Proceeds from borrowings and mortgage notes payable
Principal paydowns of borrowings and mortgage notes payable
Proceeds from the exercise of options for common stock
Repurchases of common stock
Financing activities from consolidated CLOs
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents – beginning of period
Cash and cash equivalents – beginning of period - held for sale
Cash and cash equivalents – end of period
Less: Reclassification of cash to assets held for sale
Cash and cash equivalents – end of period
Supplemental Disclosure of Cash Flow Information:
Cash paid during the period for interest expense
Cash paid during the period for income taxes
Supplemental Schedule of Non-Cash Investing and Financing Activities:
Assets of consolidated CLOs deconsolidated due to sale and redemption
Liabilities of consolidated CLOs deconsolidated due to sale and redemption
Real estate acquired through asset acquisition
Seller provided financing related to the sale of Siena
Intangible assets related to in-place leases acquired through asset acquisition
Settlement of contingent consideration payable with Class A common stock
Debt assumed through acquisitions
Acquired real estate properties through, or in lieu of, foreclosure of the related loan
Re-issuance of notes payable to third party upon deconsolidation of CLOs
Recognized contingent consideration at fair value
Issuance of common stock
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
F- 11
TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2017
(in thousands, except share data)
(1) Organization
Tiptree Inc. (together with its consolidated subsidiaries, collectively, Tiptree, the Company, or we) is a Maryland Corporation
that was incorporated on March 19, 2007. Tiptree is a holding company that combines specialty insurance operations with
investment management expertise. We allocate our capital across our insurance operations and investments in other companies
and assets which are managed as part of Tiptree Capital. As of December 31, 2017, Tiptree Capital consists of asset management
operations, mortgage operations and other investments. As such, we classify our business into three reportable segments: specialty
insurance, asset management and mortgage.
Tiptree’s Class A common stock has been traded on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “TIPT” beginning in August
of 2013. Tiptree’s primary asset is its ownership of Tiptree Financial Partners, L.P. (TFP) an intermediate holding company
through which Tiptree operates its businesses.
As of December 31, 2017 and 2016, Tiptree directly owned approximately 81% of TFP. The remaining 19% is owned by various
limited partners and reported as non-controlling interest. All of Tiptree’s Class B common stock is owned by TFP and is accounted
for as treasury stock. Tiptree’s Class B common stock has the same voting rights as the Class A common stock but no economic
rights.
The limited partners of TFP (other than Tiptree itself) have the ability to exchange TFP partnership units for Tiptree Class A
common stock at a rate of 2.798 shares of Class A common stock per partnership unit. The total number of Class A shares issuable
on exchange of TFP units equal to the number of shares of Class B common stock outstanding. For every share of Class A
common stock exchanged in this manner, a share of Class B common stock is canceled.
The percentage of TFP owned by Tiptree may increase in the future to the extent TFP’s limited partners exchange their limited
partnership units of TFP for Class A common stock of Tiptree. Changes in Tiptree’s ownership of TFP, as a result of such
exchanges, will be accounted for as equity transactions, which increase Tiptree’s ownership of TFP and reduce non-controlling
interest in TFP without changing total stockholders’ equity of Tiptree.
(2) Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation
The accompanying consolidated financial statements of Tiptree have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted
accounting principles in the United States of America (GAAP) and include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries.
The consolidated financial statements are presented in U.S. dollars, the main operating currency of the Company.
Tiptree consolidates those entities in which it has an investment greater than 50% of voting rights or has control over significant
operating, financial and investing decisions of the entity as well as variable interest entities (VIEs) in which Tiptree is determined
to be the primary beneficiary. VIEs are defined as entities in which equity investors do not have the characteristics of a controlling
financial interest or do not have sufficient equity risk for the entity to finance its activities without additional subordinated
financial support from other parties.
A VIE is required to be consolidated only by its primary beneficiary, which is defined as the party who has the power to direct
the activities of a VIE that most significantly impact its economic performance and who has the obligation to absorb losses or
the right to receive benefits from the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE. Generally, Tiptree’s consolidated VIEs
are entities which Tiptree is considered the primary beneficiary through its controlling financial interests.
Non-controlling interests on the consolidated statements of operations represent the ownership interests in certain consolidated
subsidiaries held by entities or persons other than Tiptree. Accounts and transactions between consolidated entities have been
eliminated.
As a result of changes in presentation, certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current presentation.
These reclassifications had no effect on the reported results of operations. The primary difference in the presentation of the
consolidated financial statements from the prior year is the reclassification of Care, our senior living business, to discontinued
operations in the consolidated statement of operations. The assets and liabilities of Care have been reclassed to assets and
liabilities held for sale on the consolidated balance sheet for all periods presented. As of December 31, 2017, the assets and
F- 12
TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2017
(in thousands, except share data)
liabilities of Luxury, which is part of our mortgage origination business have been reclassed to assets and liabilities held for sale
on the consolidated balance sheet. Cash flows from discontinued operations are no longer presented separately in the consolidated
statement of cash flows but are disclosed in the footnote. See (4) Dispositions, Assets Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations
for additional information. In addition certain immaterial balances have been combined.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of the Company’s consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make
estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the Company’s consolidated financial statements and accompanying
notes. Management makes estimates and assumptions that include, but are not limited to, the determination of the following
significant items:
Fair value of financial assets and liabilities, including, but not limited to, securities, loans and derivatives
•
• Value of acquired assets and liabilities;
• Carrying value of goodwill and other intangibles, including estimated amortization period and useful lives;
• Reserves for unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses, estimated future claims and losses, potential litigation and
other claims;
• Valuation of contingent share issuances for compensation and purchase consideration, including estimates of number
of shares and vesting schedules;
• Revenue recognition including, but not limited to, the timing and amount of insurance premiums, service, administration
fees, and loan origination fees; and
• Other matters that affect the reported amounts and disclosure of contingencies in the consolidated financial statements
Although these and other estimates and assumptions are based on the best available estimates, actual results could differ materially
from management’s estimates.
Business Combination Accounting
The Company accounts for business combinations by applying the acquisition method of accounting. The acquisition method
requires, among other things, that the assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a business combination be measured at fair value
as of the closing date of the acquisition. The net assets acquired may consist of tangible and intangible assets and the excess of
purchase price over the fair value of identifiable net assets acquired, or goodwill. The determination of estimated useful lives
and the allocation of the purchase price to the intangible assets requires significant judgment and affects the amount of future
amortization and possible impairment charges. Contingent consideration, if any, is measured at fair value on the date of acquisition.
The fair value of any contingent consideration liability is remeasured at each reporting date with any change recorded in other
expense in the consolidated statements of operations. Acquisition and transaction costs are expensed as incurred.
In certain instances, the Company may acquire less than 100% ownership of an entity, resulting in the recording of a non-
controlling interest. The measurement of assets and liabilities acquired and non-controlling interest is initially established at a
preliminary estimate of fair value, which may be adjusted during the measurement period, primarily due to the results of valuation
studies applicable to the business combination.
Acquisitions that do not meet the criteria for the acquisition method of accounting are accounted for as acquisitions of assets.
Dispositions, Assets Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations
The results of operations of a business that has either been disposed of or are classified as held for sale are reported in discontinued
operations if the disposal of the business represents a strategic shift that has (or will have) a major effect on an entity’s operations
and financial results. The Company carries assets and liabilities held for sale at the lower of carrying value on the date the asset
is initially classified as held for sale or fair value less costs to sell. At the time of reclassification to held for sale, the Company
ceases the recording of depreciation and amortization on assets transferred.
Accounting policies specific to our dispositions, assets held for sale and discontinued operations are described in more detail in
(4) Dispositions, Assets Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations.
F- 13
TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2017
(in thousands, except share data)
Fair Value Measurement
Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction
between market participants at the measurement date.
The valuation hierarchy is based upon the transparency of inputs to the valuation of an asset or liability as of the measurement
date. The three levels, from highest to lowest, are defined as follows:
• Level 1 – Unadjusted, quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the Company has the ability
to access at the measurement date.
• Level 2 – Significant inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or
indirectly through corroboration with observable market data. Level 2 inputs include quoted prices for similar instruments
in active markets, and inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability. The types of financial
assets and liabilities carried at level 2 are valued based on one or more of the following:
a) Quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets;
b) Quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in nonactive markets;
c) Pricing models whose inputs are observable for substantially the full term of the asset or liability;
d) Pricing models whose inputs are derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data through
correlation or other means for substantially the full term of the asset or liability.
• Level 3 – Significant inputs that are unobservable inputs for the asset or liability, including the Company’s own data
and assumptions that are used in pricing the asset or liability.
Fair Value Option
In addition to the financial instruments the Company is required to measure at fair value, the Company has elected to make an
irrevocable election to utilize fair value as the initial and subsequent measurement attribute for certain eligible financial assets
and liabilities. Unrealized gains and losses on items for which the fair value option has been elected are reported in Net realized
and unrealized gains (losses) within the consolidated statements of operations. The decision to elect the fair value option is
determined on an instrument-by-instrument basis and must be applied to an entire instrument and is irrevocable once elected.
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value pursuant to this guidance are reported separately in our consolidated balance sheets
from those instruments using another accounting method.
Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedging
From time to time, derivative instruments are used in the overall strategy to manage exposure to market risks primarily related
to fluctuations in interest rates. As a matter of policy, derivatives are not used for speculative purposes. Derivative instruments
are measured at fair value on a recurring basis and are included in other investments or other liabilities and accrued expenses
in the consolidated balance sheets.
Derivative Instruments Designated as Cash Flow Hedging Instruments
The Company uses cash flow hedges to reduce the exposure to variability of cash flows from floating rate borrowings. If a
derivative instrument meets certain cash flow hedge accounting criteria, it is recorded on the consolidated balance sheet at its
fair value, as either an asset or a liability, with offsetting changes in fair value recognized in accumulated other comprehensive
income (AOCI). The effective portion of the changes in fair value of derivatives are reported in AOCI and amounts previously
recorded in AOCI are recognized in earnings in the period in which the hedged transaction affects earnings. Any ineffective
portions of the change in fair value of the derivative are recognized in current earnings.
Stock Based Compensation
The Company accounts for equity based compensation issued to employees, directors, and affiliates of the Company using the
current fair value based methodology.
F- 14
TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2017
(in thousands, except share data)
The Company initially measures the cost of restricted stock unit and restricted stock awards at fair value on the date of grant
and subsequently recognizes the cost of such awards over the vesting period using the straight-line method. The compensation
costs are charged to expense over the vesting period with a corresponding credit to additional paid-in capital.
Compensation cost is recognized for stock options issued to employees, based on the fair value of these awards at the date of
grant. Compensation cost is recognized over the required service period, generally defined as the vesting period.
Grants of subsidiary RSUs exchangeable into Class A common stock of the Company were initially accounted for as liabilities
based upon their expected settlement method. Changes in fair value of the awards were recognized in earnings for the relative
amount of cumulative compensation cost. The Company used the straight-line method to recognize compensation expense for
the time vesting RSUs over the requisite service periods, beginning on the grant date. In June of 2017 when sufficient shares
were made available, we accounted for these RSUs under the fair value method and ceased marking the shares to market. The
Company uses the graded-vesting method to recognize compensation expense for the performance vesting RSUs. Changes in
fair value of shares underlying liability awards are recognized in earnings to the extent of the accumulated amortization.
Compensation expense will be recognized to the extent that it is probable that the performance condition will be achieved. The
Company reassesses the probability of satisfaction of the performance condition for the performance vesting RSUs for each
reporting period.
Income Taxes
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined using the asset and liability method. Under this method, deferred tax assets
and liabilities are established for future tax consequences of temporary differences between the financial statement carrying
amounts of assets and liabilities and their tax basis. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates
expected to apply to taxable income in the year in which those temporary differences are expected to reverse. A valuation
allowance is established when necessary to reduce a deferred tax asset to the amount expected to be realized. Several of the
Company’s subsidiaries, file both federal and state tax returns on a standalone basis. These U.S. federal and state income tax
returns, when filed, will be subject to examination by the Internal Revenue Service and state departments of revenue. See Note
—(22) Income Taxes.
The Company evaluates tax positions taken or expected to be taken in the course of preparing its tax returns to determine whether
the tax positions are “more likely than not” of being sustained by the applicable tax authority. The Company’s tax benefit or tax
expense is adjusted accordingly for tax positions not deemed to meet the more likely than not threshold. The Company’s policy
is to account for interest as a component of interest expense and penalties as a component of other expense.
Earnings Per Share
The Company presents both basic and diluted earnings per Class A common share in its consolidated financial statements and
footnotes thereto. Basic earnings per Class A common share (Basic EPS) excludes dilution and is computed by dividing net
income or loss available to common stock holders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding, including
vested restricted share units, for the period. Diluted earnings per Class A common share (Diluted EPS) reflects the potential
dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue common shares were exercised or converted into common shares
where such exercise or conversion would result in a lower earnings per share amount.
The Company calculates EPS using the two-class method, which is an earnings allocation formula that determines EPS for
common shares and participating securities. Unvested restricted share units contain non-forfeitable rights to distributions or
distribution equivalents (whether paid or unpaid) and are participating securities that are included in the computation of EPS
using the two-class method. Accordingly, all earnings (distributed and undistributed) are allocated to common shares and
participating securities based on their respective rights to receive distributions. The participating securities do not have a
contractual obligation to absorb losses and are only allocated in periods where there is income from continuing operations.
See Note—(24) Earnings Per Share, for EPS computations.
Investments
The Company records all investment transactions on a trade date basis. Realized gains (losses) are determined using the specific-
identification method. The Company classifies its investments as trading, available-for-sale, or held-to-maturity based on the
F- 15
TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2017
(in thousands, except share data)
Company’s intent to sell the security or, for a debt security, the Company’s intent and ability to hold the debt security to maturity.
The Company did not have any held-to-maturity securities at December 31, 2017 and 2016.
Available for Sale Securities, at Fair Value (AFS)
AFS are securities that are not classified as trading or held-to-maturity and are intended to be held for indefinite periods of time.
AFS securities include those debt and equity securities that management may sell as part of its asset/liability management strategy
or in response to changes in interest rates, resultant prepayment risk or other factors. AFS securities are held at fair value on the
consolidated balance sheet with changes in fair value, net of related tax effects, recorded in the accumulated other comprehensive
income (AOCI) component of stockholders’ equity in the period of change. Upon the disposition of an AFS security, the Company
reclassifies the gain or loss on the security from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) to net realized and unrealized
gains (losses) on the consolidated statements of operations.
The Company regularly reviews AFS securities, held-to-maturity and cost investments with unrealized losses in order to evaluate
whether the impairment is other-than-temporary. Under the guidance for debt securities, other-than-temporary impairment (OTTI)
is recognized in earnings in the consolidated statements of operations for debt securities that the Company has an intent to sell
or that it believes it is more likely than not that it will be required to sell prior to recovery of the amortized cost basis. For those
securities that the Company does not intend to sell nor expect to be required to sell, credit-related impairment is recognized in
earnings, with the non-credit-related impairment recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income (AOCI). An unrealized
loss exists when the current fair value of an individual security is less than its amortized cost basis. Unrealized losses that are
determined to be temporary in nature are recorded, net of tax, in AOCI for AFS securities.
Management’s estimate of OTTI includes, among other things: (i) the duration of time and the relative magnitude to which fair
value of the security has been below cost; (ii) the financial condition and near term prospects of the issuer of the investment;
(iii) extraordinary events, including negative news releases and rating agency downgrades, with respect to the issuer of the
investment; (iv) the Company’s ability and intent to hold an equity security for a period of time sufficient to allow for any
anticipated recovery; (v) whether it is more likely than not that the Company will sell a security before recovery of its amortized
cost basis; (vi) whether a debt security exhibits cash flow deterioration; and (vii) whether the security’s decline is attributable
to specific conditions, such as conditions in an industry or in a geographic location.
Loans, at Fair Value
Loans, at fair value is substantially comprised of (i) non-performing residential loans (NPLs), (ii) middle market leveraged loans
held by the Company and (iii) loans originated by the Company’s mortgage finance business. Changes in their fair value are
reported within net realized and unrealized gains (losses) in our consolidated statements of operations. In addition, substantially
all investments within assets of consolidated CLOs consist of loans at fair value.
Corporate Loans
Corporate loans are comprised of diversified portfolio of middle market leveraged loans which are carried at fair value. In
general, the fair value of leveraged loans are obtained from an independent pricing service which provides coverage of secondary
market participants. The values represent a composite of mark-to-market bid/offer prices. In certain circumstances the Company
will make its own determination of fair value of leveraged loans based on internal models and other unobservable inputs.
Mortgage Loans Held for Sale
Mortgage loans held for sale represent loans originated and held until sold to secondary market investors. Such loans are typically
warehoused for a period after origination or purchase before sale into the secondary market. Loans are sold either servicing
released, or in select instances, servicing maintained into the secondary loan market. The Company has elected to measure all
mortgage loans held for sale at fair value. These loans are considered sold when the Company surrenders control to the purchaser.
The gains or losses on sales of such loans, net of any accrual for standard representations and warranties, are reported in operating
results as a component of net realized and unrealized gains (losses) in the consolidated statement of operations in the period
when the sale occurs.
F- 16
TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2017
(in thousands, except share data)
Non-Performing Loans (NPLs)
The Company has purchased portfolios of NPLs which consist of residential mortgage loans. Such loans are carried at fair value,
which is measured on an individual loan basis. We seek to either (i) convert such loans into real estate owned property (REO)
through foreclosure or another resolution process that can then be sold, or (ii) modify and resell them at higher prices if
circumstances warrant.
The Company has elected the fair value option for NPLs as we have concluded that fair value timely reflects the results of our
investment performance. As substantially all of our loans were non-performing when acquired, we generally look to the estimated
fair value of the underlying property collateral to assess the recoverability of our investments. We primarily utilize the local
broker price opinion (BPO) but also consider any other comparable home sales or other market data, as considered necessary,
in estimating a property’s fair value. For further discussion on the observable and unobservable inputs to the model and
determination of fair value of NPLs, see Note—(13) Fair Value of Financial Instruments.
Certain non-performing loans are loans that are delinquent on obligated payments of principal and interest. Certain other non-
performing loans are making some payments, generally as a result of a modification or a workout plan.
The fair value of NPLs are determined using a discounted cash flow model. As such, both the changes in fair value and the net
periodic cash flows related to NPLs are recorded in net realized and unrealized gains (losses) in the consolidated statement of
operations.
Equity Securities, Trading, at Fair Value
Equity securities, trading, at fair value are investments consisting of equity securities that are purchased principally for the
purpose of selling them in the near term. Changes in fair value are recorded in net realized and unrealized gains (losses) on
investments on the consolidated statements of operations in the period of change.
Other Investments
Foreclosed Residential Real Estate Property (REO)
NPLs are reclassified to REO once the Company has obtained legal title to the property upon completion of a foreclosure sale
or the borrower has conveyed all interest in the property to satisfy that loan through completion of a deed in lieu of foreclosure.
Because the company elected the fair value option for NPLs, upon recognition as REO the property fair value is estimated using
market values and, if the property meets held-for-sale criteria, it is initially recorded at fair value less costs to sell as its new cost
basis. Subsequently, the property is carried at (i) the fair value of the asset minus the estimated costs to sell the asset or (ii) the
initial REO value, whichever is lower. Adjustments to the carrying value of REOs are recorded in net realized and unrealized
gains (losses).
Cash and Cash Equivalents
The Company considers all highly liquid investments of sufficient credit quality purchased with an initial maturity of three months
or less to be cash equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents consist of U.S. denominated cash on hand, cash held in banks and
investments in money market funds.
Restricted Cash
The Company’s restricted cash primarily consists of cash for unremitted premiums received from agents and insurers, fiduciary
cash for reinsurers and pledged assets for the protection of policy holders in various state jurisdictions. Restricted cash also
includes cash posted as collateral under credit facilities to maintain borrowing base sufficiency and for quarterly waterfall
payments, borrower escrow funds for taxes, insurance, rate-lock fees and servicing related escrow funds and collateral on
warehouse borrowings.
F- 17
TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2017
(in thousands, except share data)
Notes and Accounts Receivable, Net
Notes Receivable, Net
The Company’s notes receivable, net includes receivables related to the specialty insurance business for its premium financing
programs.
The Company accrues interest income on its notes receivable based on the contractual terms of the respective note. The Company
monitors all notes receivable for delinquency and provides for estimated losses for specific receivables that are not likely to be
collected. In addition to allowances for bad debt for specific notes receivable, a general provision for bad debt is estimated for
the Company’s notes receivable based on history. Account balances are generally charged against the allowance when the
Company believes it is probable that the note receivable will not be recovered, and has exhausted its contractual and legal
remedies.
Generally, receivables overdue more than 120 days are written off when the Company determines it has exhausted reasonable
collection efforts and remedies, see Note—(7) Notes and Accounts Receivable, net.
Accounts and Premiums Receivable, Net
Accounts and premiums receivable, net are primarily trade receivables from the specialty insurance business that are carried at
their approximate fair value. Accounts and premiums receivable from the Company’s specialty insurance business consist
primarily of advance commissions and agents' balances in course of collection and billed but not collected policy premiums,
presented net of the allowance for doubtful accounts. For policy premiums that have been billed but not collected, the Company
records a receivable on its balance sheet for the full amount of the premium billed, with a corresponding liability, net of its
commission, to insurance carriers. The Company earns interest on the premium cash during the period of time between receipt
of the funds and payment of these funds to insurance carriers. The Company maintains an allowance for doubtful accounts based
on an estimate of uncollectible accounts.
Other Receivables
Other receivables primarily represent amounts due to the Company from its business partners for retrospective commissions,
net of allowance and for motor club membership fees.
Reinsurance Receivables
Through the specialty insurance business, the Company has various reinsurance agreements in place whereby the amount of
risk in excess of its retention goals is reinsured by unrelated domestic and foreign insurance companies. The Company is required
to pay losses even if a reinsurer fails to meet its obligations under the applicable reinsurance agreement. Reinsurance receivables
include amounts related to paid benefits, unpaid benefits and prepaid reinsurance premiums. Reinsurance receivables are based
upon estimates and are reported on the consolidated balance sheets separately as assets, as reinsurance does not relieve the
Company of its legal liability to policyholders. Management continually monitors the financial condition and agency ratings of
the Company’s reinsurers and believes that the reinsurance receivables accrued are collectible. Balances recoverable from
reinsurers and amounts ceded to reinsurers relating to the unexpired portion of reinsured policies are presented as assets.
Experience refunds from reinsurers are recognized based on the underwriting experience of the underlying contracts.
Deferred Acquisition Costs
The Company defers certain costs of acquiring new and renewal insurance policies and other products within the Company’s
specialty insurance business. Amortization of deferred acquisition costs was $221,362, $142,337 and $81,537 for the years ended
December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively.
Insurance Policy Related
Insurance policy related deferred acquisition costs are limited to direct costs that resulted from successful contract transactions
and would not have been incurred by the Company's insurance company subsidiaries had the transactions not occurred. These
capitalized costs are amortized as the related premium is earned.
F- 18
TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2017
(in thousands, except share data)
The Company evaluates whether insurance related deferred acquisition costs are recoverable at year-end, and considers
investment income in the recoverability analysis. As a result of the Company's evaluations, no write-offs for unrecoverable
insurance related deferred acquisition costs were recognized during the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015,
respectively.
Non-insurance Policy Related
Other deferred acquisition costs are limited to prepaid direct costs, typically commissions and contract transaction fees, that
resulted from successful contract transactions and would not have been incurred by the Company had the transactions not
occurred. These capitalized costs are amortized as the related service and administrative fees are earned.
The Company evaluates whether deferred acquisition costs - non-insurance policy related are recoverable at year-end. As a result
of the Company's evaluations, no write-offs for unrecoverable deferred acquisition costs were recognized during the years ended
December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively.
Goodwill and Intangible Assets, Net
The initial measurement of goodwill and intangibles requires judgment concerning estimates of the fair value of the acquired
assets and liabilities. Goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets are not amortized but subject to tests for impairment annually
or if events or circumstances indicate it is more likely than not they may be impaired. Other intangible assets are amortized over
their estimated useful lives and are subject to impairment if events or circumstances indicate a possible inability to realize the
carrying amount. The Company carries intangible assets, which represent customer and agent relationships, trade names,
insurance licenses (certificates of authority granted by individual state departments of insurance), the value of in-force insurance
policies acquired, software acquired or internally developed, and leases in-place. Management has deemed the insurance licenses
to have indefinite useful life. Costs incurred to renew or maintain insurance licenses are recorded as operating costs in the period
in which they arise. See Note —(9) Goodwill and Intangible Assets, net.
Other Assets
Other assets consists of prepaid expenses, deposits for future acquisitions, inventory, and furniture, fixtures and equipment, net.
See Note—(15) Other Assets.
Debt, net
Debt is carried on the consolidated balance sheets at an amount equal to the unpaid principal balance, net of any remaining
unamortized discount or premium and direct and any incremental costs attributable to issuance. Discounts, premiums and direct
and incremental costs are amortized as a component of interest expense in the consolidated statements of operations over the
life of the debt.
Unearned Premiums
Premiums written are earned over the life of the respective policy using the Rule of 78's, pro rata, or other actuarial methods as
appropriate for the type of business. Unearned premiums represent the portion of premiums that will be earned in the future. A
premium deficiency reserve is recorded if anticipated losses, loss adjustment expenses, deferred acquisition costs and policy
maintenance costs exceed the recorded unearned premium reserve and anticipated investment income. As of December 31, 2017
and December 31, 2016, no deficiency reserves were recorded.
Policy Liabilities and Unpaid Claims
Policyholder account balances relate to investment-type individual annuity contracts in the accumulation phase. Policyholder
account balances are carried at accumulated account values, which consist of deposits received, plus interest credited, less
withdrawals and assessments. Minimum guaranteed interest credited to these contracts ranges from 3.0% to 4.0%.
The Company’s claims are generally reported and settled quickly, resulting in consistent historical loss development patterns. The
Company’s actuaries apply a variety of generally accepted actuarial methods to the historical loss development patterns, to derive
F- 19
TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2017
(in thousands, except share data)
cumulative development factors. These cumulative development factors are applied to reported losses for each accident quarter
to compute ultimate losses. The indicated required reserve is the difference between the ultimate losses and the reported losses.
The actuarial methods used include but are not limited to the chain ladder method, the Bornhuetter-Ferguson method, and the
expected loss ratio method. The actuarial analyses are performed on a basis gross of ceded reinsurance, and the resulting factors
and estimates are then used in calculating the net loss reserves which take into account the impact of reinsurance. The Company
has not made any changes to its methodologies for determining claim reserves in the periods presented.
Credit life and accidental death and dismemberment (AD&D) unpaid claims reserves include claims in the course of settlement
and incurred but not reported (IBNR). Credit disability unpaid claims reserves also include continuing claim reserves for open
disability claims. For all other product lines, unpaid claims reserves include case reserves for reported claims and bulk reserves
for IBNR claims. The Company uses a number of algorithms in establishing its unpaid claims reserves. These algorithms are
used to calculate unpaid claims as a function of paid losses, earned premium, reported incurred losses, target loss ratios, and in-
force amounts or a combination of these factors.
Anticipated future loss development patterns form a key assumption underlying these analyses. Generally, unpaid claims reserves,
and associated incurred losses, are impacted by loss frequency, which is the measure of the number of claims per unit of insured
exposure, and loss severity, which is based on the average size of claims. Factors affecting loss frequency and loss severity may
include changes in claims reporting patterns, claims settlement patterns, judicial decisions, legislation, economic conditions,
morbidity patterns and the attitudes of claimants towards settlements.
The unpaid claims reserves represent the Company's best estimates at a given time, based on the projections and analyses
discussed above. Actual claim costs are dependent upon a number of complex factors such as changes in doctrines of legal
liabilities and damage awards. These factors are not directly quantifiable, particularly on a prospective basis. The Company
periodically reviews and updates its methods of making such unpaid claims reserve estimates and establishing the related
liabilities based on our actual experience. The Company has not made any changes to its methodologies for determining unpaid
claims reserves in the periods presented.
In accordance with applicable statutory insurance company regulations, the Company’s recorded unpaid claims reserves are
evaluated by appointed independent third-party actuaries, who perform this function in compliance with the Standards of Practice
and Codes of Conduct of the American Academy of Actuaries. The independent actuaries perform their actuarial analyses annually
and prepare opinions, statements, and reports documenting their determinations. In addition, this documentation and the
Company’s actuarial work products are made available to the Company’s independent auditors for their separate review of
reserves. For December 31, 2017 and 2016, both parties found the Company’s reserves to be adequate.
Deferred Revenue
Deferred revenues represent the portion of income that will be earned in the future attributable to motor club memberships,
mobile device protection plans, and other non-insurance service contracts that are earned over the respective contract periods
using Rule of 78's, modified Rule of 78's, pro rata, or other methods as appropriate for the contract. A deficiency reserve would
be recorded if anticipated contract benefits, deferred acquisition costs and contract service costs exceed the recorded deferred
revenues and anticipated investment income. As of December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively, no deficiency reserves were
recorded.
Revenue Recognition
The Company earns revenues from a variety of sources:
Earned Premiums, Net
Net earned premium is from direct and assumed earned premium consisting of revenue generated from the direct sale of insurance
policies by the Company's distributors and premiums written for insurance policies by another carrier and assumed by the
Company. Whether direct or assumed, the premium is earned over the life of the respective policy using methods appropriate
to the pattern of losses for the type of business. Methods used include the Rule of 78's, pro rata, and other actuarial methods.
Management selects the appropriate method based on available information, and periodically reviews the selections as additional
information becomes available. Direct and assumed premiums are offset by premiums ceded to the Company's reinsurers,
including producer owned reinsurance companies (PORCs), earned in the same manner. The amount ceded is proportional to
F- 20
TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2017
(in thousands, except share data)
the amount of risk assumed by the reinsurer.
Service and Administrative Fees
The Company earns service and administrative fees from a variety of activities. Such fees are typically positively correlated
with transaction volume and are recognized as revenue as they become both realized and earned.
Service Fees. Service fee revenue is recognized as the services are performed. These services include fulfillment, software
development, and claims handling for our customers. Collateral tracking fee income is recognized when the service is
performed and billed. Management reviews the financial results under each significant contract on a monthly basis. Any
losses that may occur due to a specific contract would be recognized in the period in which the loss is determined probable.
During the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively, the Company did not incur a loss with respect to
a specific significant service fee contract.
Administrative Fees. Administrative fee revenue includes the administration of premium associated with our producers and
their PORCs. In addition, we also earn fee revenue from debt cancellation programs, motor club programs, and warranty
programs. Related administrative fee revenue is recognized consistent with the earnings recognition pattern of the underlying
insurance policies, debt cancellation contracts and motor club memberships being administered, using Rule of 78's, modified
Rule of 78's, pro rata, or other methods as appropriate for the contract. Management selects the appropriate method based
on available information, and periodically reviews the selections as additional information becomes available.
Ceding Commissions
Ceding commissions earned under reinsurance agreements are based on contractual formulas that take into account, in part,
underwriting performance and investment returns experienced by the assuming companies. As experience changes, adjustments
to the ceding commissions are reflected in the period incurred and are based on the claim experience of the related policy. The
adjustment is calculated by adding the earned premium and investment income from the assets held in trust for the Company's
benefit less earned commissions, incurred claims and the reinsurer's fee for the coverage.
Management Fee Income
The Company earns management and incentive fees from the CLOs it manages. These management fees are paid periodically
in accordance with the terms of the individual management agreements for as long as the Company manages the funds.
Management fees typically consist of fees based on the amount of assets held in the CLOs. Management fees are recognized as
revenue when earned. The Company does not recognize incentive fees until all contractual contingencies have been removed.
Management fee income is recorded in other revenue.
Policy and Contract Benefits
Member Benefit Claims
Member benefit claims represent claims paid on behalf of contract holders directly to third party providers for roadside assistance
and for the repair or replacement of covered products. Claims can also be paid directly to contract holders as a reimbursement
payment, provided supporting documentation of loss is submitted to the Company. Claims are recognized as expense when
incurred.
Net Losses and Loss Adjustment Expenses
Net losses and loss adjustment expenses represent losses and related claim adjudication and processing costs on insurance
contract claims, net of amounts ceded. Net losses include actual claims paid and the change in unpaid claim reserves.
Commissions Payable and Expense
Commissions are paid to distributors and retailers selling credit insurance policies, motor club memberships, mobile device
protection, and warranty service contracts, and are generally deferred and expensed in proportion to the earning of related
revenue. Credit insurance commission rates, in many instances, are set by state regulators and are also impacted by market
F- 21
TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2017
(in thousands, except share data)
conditions. In certain instances, credit insurance commissions are subject to retrospective adjustment based on the profitability
of the related policies. Under these retrospective commission arrangements, the producer of the credit insurance policies receives
a retrospective commission if the premium generated by that producer in the accounting period exceeds the costs associated
with those policies, which includes the Company's administrative fees, claims, reserves, and premium taxes. The Company
analyzes the retrospective commission calculation periodically for each producer and, based on the analysis associated with
each such producer, the Company records a liability for any positive net retrospective commission earned and due to the producer
or, conversely, records a receivable, net of allowance, for amounts due from such producer for instances where the net result of
the retrospective commission calculation is negative. Commissions payable are included in other liabilities and accrued expenses.
Recent Accounting Standards
Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements
In January 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-01, Income Statement - Extraordinary and Unusual Items (Subtopic 225-20):
Simplifying Income Statement Presentation by Eliminating the Concept of Extraordinary Items. The pronouncement eliminates
the concept of extraordinary items from GAAP. However, the presentation and disclosure guidance for items that are unusual
in nature or occur infrequently will be retained and will be expanded to include items that are both unusual in nature and
infrequently occurring. ASU 2015-01 was effective for the Company for the annual and interim periods beginning after December
15, 2015. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
In April 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-03, Simplifying the Presentation of Debt Issuance Costs, which requires that debt
issuance costs related to a recognized debt liability to be presented in the balance sheet as a direct deduction from the carrying
amount of that debt liability and consistent with debt discounts. ASU 2015-03 requires retrospective adoption and was effective
for the Company on January 1, 2016. Accordingly, “Debt, net” is reported net of deferred financing costs as of December 31,
2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively, in the consolidated balance sheets. See Note—(12) Debt, net.
In April 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-05, Intangibles -Goodwill and Other - Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40),
which will help entities evaluate the accounting for fees paid by a customer in a cloud computing arrangement by providing
guidance as to whether an arrangement includes the sale or license of software. ASU 2015-05 was effective for the Company
on January 1, 2016. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements.
In May 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-08, Business Combinations (Topic 805): Pushdown Accounting—Amendments to SEC
Paragraphs Pursuant to Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 115 (SEC Update). ASU 2015-08 removes references to the SEC’s SAB
Topic 5.J on pushdown accounting from ASC 805-50. The Commission’s Staff Accounting Bulletin, "SAB" 115 had superseded
the guidance in SAB Topic 5.J in connection with the FASB’s November 2014 release of ASU 2014-17. The amendments in
ASU 2015-08 therefore conform to the FASB’s guidance on pushdown accounting with the SEC’s. The amendments were
effective upon issuance (May 12, 2015). The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the Company's
consolidated financial statements.
In May 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-09, Financial Services—Insurance (Topic 944): Disclosures about Short-Duration
Contracts, which expands the disclosure requirements for insurance companies that issue short-duration contracts (typically one
year or less) to provide users with additional disclosures about the liability for unpaid claims and claim adjustment expenses
and to increase the transparency of the significant estimates management makes in measuring those liabilities. In addition, the
disclosures will serve to increase insight into an insurance entity’s ability to underwrite and anticipate costs associated with
claims as well as provide users of the financial statements a better understanding of the amount and uncertainty of cash flows
arising from insurance liabilities, the nature and extent of risks on short-duration contracts and the timing of cash flows arising
from insurance liabilities. ASU 2015-09 was effective for the Company for the annual period beginning after December 15,
2015, and for interim periods within annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016. The adoption of this standard did not
have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.
In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-05, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Effect of Derivative Contract Novations
on Existing Hedge Accounting Relationships, which clarifies that a change in the counterparty to a derivative instrument that
has been designated as the hedging instrument under Topic 815, does not, in and of itself, require dedesignation of that hedging
relationship provided that all other hedge accounting criteria continue to be met. ASU 2016-05 was effective for the Company
for the annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2016. The adoption of this standard did not have a material
impact on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements.
F- 22
TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2017
(in thousands, except share data)
In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-07, Investments -Equity Method and Joint Ventures (Topic 323), which eliminates
the requirement in Topic 323 that an entity retroactively adopt the equity method of accounting if an investment qualifies for
use of the equity method as a result of an increase in the level of ownership or degree of influence. The amendments require
that the equity method investor add the cost of acquiring the additional interest in the investee to the current basis of the investor’s
previously held interest and adopt the equity method of accounting as of the date the investment becomes qualified for equity
method accounting. The standard was effective for the Company for the annual period beginning after December 15, 2016 and
was prospectively applied upon the effective date to increases in the level of ownership interest or degree of influence that
resulted in the adoption of the equity method. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the Company’s
condensed consolidated financial statements.
In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-09, Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based
Payment Accounting, which simplifies several aspects of the accounting for employee share-based payment transactions,
including the income tax consequences, classification of awards as either equity or liabilities, and classification on the statement
of cash flows. Some of the areas for simplification apply only to nonpublic entities. In addition, the amendments in this Update
eliminate the guidance in Topic 718 that was indefinitely deferred shortly after the issuance of FASB Statement No. 123 (revised
2004), Share-Based Payment. The standard was effective for the Company for the annual and interim periods beginning after
December 15, 2016. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the Company’s condensed consolidated
financial statements.
In October 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-16, Income Taxes (Topic 740) - Intra- Entity Transfers of Assets Other Than
Inventory (ASU 2016-16), which requires that an entity should recognize the income tax consequences of an intra-entity transfer
of an asset other than inventory when the transfer occurs. Consequently, the amendments in this standard eliminate the exception
for an intra-entity transfer of an asset other than inventory. The amendments in this standard do not include new disclosure
requirements; however, existing disclosure requirements might be applicable. The Company elected to early adopt this standard
during the quarter ended December 31, 2016. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the Company’s
consolidated financial statements.
In October 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-17, Consolidation (Topic 810): Interests Held Through Related Parties that Are
Under Common Control, which amends the consolidation guidance on how a reporting entity, that is the single decision maker
of a VIE, evaluates whether it is the primary beneficiary of a VIE. ASU 2016-17 was effective for the Company for the annual
and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2016. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the
Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements.
In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-01, Business Combinations (Topic 805) Clarifying the Definition of a Business,
which clarifies the definition of a business with the objective of adding guidance to assist entities with evaluating whether
transactions should be accounted for as acquisitions (or disposals) of assets or businesses. The definition of a business affects
many areas of accounting including the treatment of acquisitions, disposals, goodwill, and consolidation. There are no disclosures
required for a change in accounting principle at transition. Early adoption is permitted for transactions (i.e., acquisitions or
dispositions) that occurred before the issuance date or effective date of the standard if the transactions were not reported in
financial statements that have been issued or made available for issuance. The Company elected to early adopt this standard,
effective for transactions on or after October 1, 2016. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the
Company’s consolidated financial statements.
In July 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-11, Earnings Per Share (Topic 260), Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity (Topic
480) and Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): I. Accounting for Certain Financial Instruments with Down Round Features;
II. Replacement of the Indefinite Deferral for Mandatorily Redeemable Financial Instruments of Certain Nonpublic Entities
and Certain Mandatorily Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests with a Scope Exception. Part I of this update addresses the
complexity of accounting for certain financial instruments with down round features. Down round features are features of certain
equity-linked instruments (or embedded features) that result in the strike price being reduced on the basis of the pricing of future
equity offerings. Current accounting guidance creates cost and complexity for entities that issue financial instruments (such as
warrants and convertible instruments) with down round features that require fair value measurement of the entire instrument or
conversion option. Part II of this update addresses the difficulty of navigating Topic 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity,
because of the existence of extensive pending content in the FASB Accounting Standards Codification. This pending content is
the result of the indefinite deferral of accounting requirements about mandatorily redeemable financial instruments of certain
nonpublic entities and certain mandatorily redeemable noncontrolling interests. The amendments in Part II of this update do not
F- 23
TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2017
(in thousands, except share data)
have an accounting effect. The Company elected to early adopt this standard as of December 31, 2017. The adoption of this
standard did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements, Not Yet Adopted
In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606). The amendments in this
standard affects any entity that either enters into contracts with customers to transfer goods and services or enters into contracts
for the transfer of nonfinancial assets unless those contracts are within the scope of other standards. The core principle of the
guidance is that an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of goods or services to customers in an amount that
reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods and services. On July 9, 2015,
the FASB decided to delay the effective date of ASU 2014-09 by one year. Reporting entities may choose to adopt the standard
as of the original effective date. The deferral results in ASU 2014-09 being effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within
those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2017. A substantial majority of the Company’s non-investment related revenues
are comprised of revenues from insurance contracts that are accounted for under Financial Services-Insurance (Topic 944) or
certain financial services products (e.g. gains upon the origination of mortgages) that are not within the scope of the new standard.
The Company’s remaining revenues that are within the scope of Topic 606 are primarily comprised of revenues from contracts
with customers for monthly membership dues for motor clubs, monthly administration fees for services provided for premiums,
claims and reinsurance processing revenues, vehicle service contracts and warranty coverage revenues for household goods and
appliances (collectively “remaining contracts”). The Company has chosen the modified-retrospective method of adopting Topic
606, and has assessed these remaining contracts and concluded that changes in accounting and revenue recognition upon adoption
of Topic 606 was not material to the Company’s financial position as of January 1, 2018, and is not expected to be material to
the Company’s results of operations in future periods.
In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-01, Financial Instruments-Overall (Subtopic 825-10): Recognition and
Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities, which makes targeted improvements to the recognition, measurement,
presentation and disclosure of certain financial instruments. ASU 2016-01 focuses primarily on the accounting for equity
investments, financial liabilities under the fair value option, and the presentation and disclosure requirements for certain financial
instruments. Among its provisions for public business entities, ASU 2016-01 eliminates the requirement to disclose the method(s)
and significant assumptions used to estimate the fair value of financial instruments measured at amortized cost, requires the use
of the exit price notion when measuring the fair value of financial instruments for disclosure purposes, requires the separate
presentation in other comprehensive income of the change in fair value of a liability due to instrument-specific credit risk for a
liability for which the reporting entity has elected the fair value option, requires separate presentation of financial assets and
financial liabilities by measurement category and form of financial asset (that is, securities or loans and receivables) and clarifies
guidance related to the valuation allowance assessment when recognizing deferred tax assets resulting from unrealized losses
on available-for-sale debt securities. ASU 2016-01 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, including
interim periods within those fiscal years. Early application is permitted for a limited number of provisions. The Company believes
that the adoption of ASU 2016-01 will not have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.
In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), which sets out the principles for the recognition,
measurement, presentation and disclosure of leases for both parties to a contract (i.e., lessees and lessors). The new standard
requires lessees to apply a dual approach, classifying leases as either finance or operating leases based on the principle of whether
or not the lease is effectively a financed purchase by the lessee. This classification will determine whether lease expense is
recognized based on an effective interest method or on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. A lessee is also required
to record a right-of-use asset and a lease liability for all leases with a term of greater than 12 months regardless of their
classification. Leases with a term of 12 months or less will be accounted for similar to existing guidance for operating leases
today. The new standard requires lessors to account for leases using an approach that is substantially equivalent to existing
guidance for sales-type leases, direct financing leases and operating leases. ASU 2016-02 supersedes the previous leases standard,
Leases (Topic 840). The standard is effective on January 1, 2019, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently
evaluating the effect on its consolidated financial statements.
In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-08, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Principal versus Agent
Considerations (Reporting Revenue Gross versus Net), which clarify the implementation guidance on principal versus net
considerations. The effective date and transition requirements for this standard are the same as the effective date and transition
requirements of ASU 2014-09. See discussion of the impact of ASU 2014-09 above which addresses the total impact of Topic
606.
F- 24
TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2017
(in thousands, except share data)
In April 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-10, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Identifying Performance
Obligations and Licensing, which clarifies guidance related to identifying performance obligations and licensing implementation
guidance contained in the new revenue recognition standard. The Update includes targeted improvements based on input the
FASB received from the Transition Resource Group for Revenue Recognition and other stakeholders. The Update seeks to
proactively address areas in which diversity in practice potentially could arise, as well as to reduce the cost and complexity of
applying certain aspects of the guidance both at implementation and on an ongoing basis. The effective date and transition
requirements for the amendments in this Update are the same as the effective date and transition requirements in Topic 606 (and
any other Topic amended by Update 2014-09). See discussion of the impact of ASU 2014-09 above which addresses the total
impact of Topic 606.
In May 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-11, Revenue Recognition (Topic 606) and Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815):
Rescission of SEC Guidance Because of Accounting Standards Updates 2014-09 and 2014-16 Pursuant to Staff Announcements
at the March 3, 2016 EITF Meeting, which rescinds SEC paragraphs pursuant to the SEC Staff Announcement, “Rescission of
Certain SEC Staff Observer Comments upon Adoption of Topic 606,” and the SEC Staff Announcement, “Determining Whether
the Host Contract in a Hybrid Financial Instrument Issued in the Form of a Share Is More Akin to Debt or Equity,” announced
at the March 3, 2016 Emerging Issues Task Force (EITF) meeting. The Company believes that that the adoption of ASU 2016-11
will not have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.
In May 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-12, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Narrow-Scope Improvements
and Practical Expedients, which provides guidance on collectability, noncash consideration, and completed contracts at transition.
Additionally, the amendments in this Update provide a practical expedient for contract modifications at transition and an
accounting policy election related to the presentation of sales taxes and other similar taxes collected from customers. The
effective date and transition requirements for the amendments in this Update are the same as the effective date and transition
requirements for Topic 606 (and any other Topic amended by Update 2014-09). The Company is currently evaluating the effect
on its consolidated financial statements. See discussion of the impact of ASU 2014-09 above which addresses the total impact
of Topic 606.
In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13 Financial Instruments -Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses
on Financial Instruments, which amends guidance on reporting credit losses for assets held at amortized cost basis and available
for sale debt securities. For assets held at amortized cost basis, Topic 326 eliminates the probable initial recognition threshold
in current GAAP and, instead requires an entity to reflect its current estimate of all expected credit losses. The allowance for
credit losses is a valuation account that is deducted from the amortized cost basis of the financial assets to present the net amount
expected to be collected. For available for sale debt securities, credit losses should be measured in a manner similar to current
GAAP, however Topic 326 will require that credit losses be presented as an allowance rather than as a write-down. This Update
affects entities holding financial assets and net investment in leases that are not accounted for at fair value through net income.
The amendments in ASU 2016-13 are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods
within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted as of the fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including
interim periods within those fiscal years. The amendments will affect loans, debt securities, trade receivables, net investments
in leases, off balance sheet credit exposures, reinsurance receivables, and any other financial assets not excluded from the scope
that have the contractual right to receive cash. The Company is currently evaluating the effect on its consolidated financial
statements.
In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts
and Cash Payments, which addresses the following eight specific cash flow issues: Debt prepayment or debt extinguishment
costs; settlement of zero-coupon debt instruments or other debt instruments with coupon interest rates that are insignificant in
relation to the effective interest rate of the borrowing; contingent consideration payments made after a business combination;
proceeds from the settlement of insurance claims; proceeds from the settlement of corporate-owned life insurance policies
(COLIs) (including bank-owned life insurance policies (BOLIs)); distributions received from equity method investees; beneficial
interests in securitization transactions; and separately identifiable cash flows and application of the predominance principle. The
standard is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017 and interim periods
within those annual periods. Early adoption is permitted, including the adoption in an interim period. The amendments in this
Update should be applied using a retrospective transition method to each period presented. The Company believes that the
adoption of ASU 2016-15 will not have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.
In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-18, Restricted Cash (a consensus of the FASB Emerging Issues Task Force),
which addresses classification and presentation of changes in restricted cash on the statement of cash flows. ASU 2016-18
F- 25
TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2017
(in thousands, except share data)
requires an entity’s reconciliation of the beginning-of-period and end-of-period total amounts shown on the statement of cash
flows to include in cash and cash equivalents amounts generally described as restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents.
The ASU does not define restricted cash or restricted cash equivalents, but an entity will need to disclose the nature of the
restrictions. ASU 2016-18 is effective for public business entities for annual and interim periods in fiscal years beginning after
December 15, 2017. Early adoption is permitted, including adoption in an interim period. The adoption of ASU 2016-18 will
result in reclassification of restricted cash balances into cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash on the consolidated statements
of cash flows in the first quarter of 2018.
In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment. ASU 2017-04 does not change
the qualitative assessment; however, it removes “the requirements for any reporting unit with a zero or negative carrying amount
to perform a qualitative assessment and, if it fails that qualitative test, to perform Step 2 of the goodwill impairment test.” Instead,
all reporting units, even those with a zero or negative carrying amount will apply the same impairment test. Therefore, as the
FASB notes in the ASU’s Basis for Conclusions, the goodwill of reporting units with zero or negative carrying values will not
be impaired, even when conditions underlying the reporting unit indicate that goodwill is impaired. Entities will, however, be
required to disclose any reporting units with zero or negative carrying amounts and the respective amounts of goodwill allocated
to those reporting units. The amendments in ASU 2017-04 are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019,
including interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted for interim or annual goodwill impairment
tests performed on testing dates after January 1, 2017.The Company is currently evaluating the effect on its consolidated financial
statements.
In February 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-05, Other Income-Gains and Losses from the Derecognition of Nonfinancial
Assets (Subtopic 610-20) Clarifying the Scope of Asset Derecognition Guidance and Accounting for Partial Sales of Nonfinancial
Assets. The new guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017 and interim periods within those years.
Early adoption is permitted for interim or annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016. The guidance may be
applied retrospectively for all periods presented or retrospectively with a cumulative-effect adjustment at the date of adoption.
The new guidance clarifies the scope and accounting of a financial asset that meets the definition of an “in-substance nonfinancial
asset” and defines the term, “in-substance nonfinancial asset.” The ASU also adds guidance for partial sales of nonfinancial
assets. The Company believes that the adoption of ASU 2017-05 will not have a material impact on its consolidated financial
statements.
In March 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-08, Receivables-Nonrefundable Fees and Other Costs (Subtopic 310-20): Premium
Amortization on Purchased Callable Debt Securities. The new guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15,
2018 and interim periods within those years. Early adoption is permitted for interim or annual reporting periods beginning after
December 15, 2017. The guidance is to be applied on a modified retrospective basis through a cumulative-effect adjustment
directly to retained earnings as of the beginning of the period of adoption. The guidance shortens the amortization period for
certain callable debt securities held at a premium, requiring the premium to be amortized to the earliest call date. The Company
believes that the adoption of ASU 2017-08 will not have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.
In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-09, Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Scope of Modification
Accounting, which provided clarity as to what changes to the terms or conditions of share-based payment awards require an
entity to apply modification accounting in Topic 718. ASU 2017-09 is effective for the Company for interim and annual periods
beginning after December 15, 2017, with early adoption permitted, and is applied prospectively to changes in terms or conditions
of awards occurring on or after the adoption date. The Company will consider the impact that this standard may have on future
stock-based payment award modifications should they occur.
In August 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-12, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Targeted Improvements to Accounting
for Hedging Activities, which amends the guidance on hedge accounting. The amendment will make more financial and
nonfinancial hedging strategies eligible for hedge accounting and amend the presentation and disclosure requirements. It is
intended to more closely align hedge accounting with companies’ risk management strategies, simplify the application of hedge
accounting, and increase transparency as to the scope and results of hedging programs. ASU 2017-12 can be adopted immediately
in any interim or annual period. The mandatory effective date for calendar year-end public companies is January 1, 2019. The
Company is currently evaluating the effect on its consolidated financial statements.
(3) Acquisitions
Acquisitions during the year ended December 31, 2015
F- 26
TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2017
(in thousands, except share data)
Mortgage
On July 1, 2015, the Company completed the acquisition of Reliance for total consideration of $24,441, which was comprised
of cash of $10,281, a total of 1,625,000 shares of its Class A common stock (market value of $11,960 at the time of issuance),
and an earn-out to issue additional shares valued at $2,200 in exchange for 100% ownership. The results of Reliance, from its
closing date, are included in the Company’s mortgage segment and was considered an acquisition of a business in accordance
with ASC 805. For the period from acquisition until December 31, 2015, revenue and net income were $22,934 and $2,019,
respectively.
Specialty Insurance - Purchase of Non-controlling Interests
On January 1, 2015, Fortegra exercised an option to purchase the remaining 37.6% ownership interest in ProtectCELL. Upon
exercising the option, Fortegra made an initial payment of $3,000 and made an additional payment of $4,100 in 2016 which
was previously accrued.
(4) Dispositions, Assets Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations
A. Dispositions
On January 18, 2017 and November 7, 2017, the Company sold its ownership in the subordinated notes of Telos 5 and Telos 6
(“Disposed CLOs”). As a result of the sales, the Company determined that it no longer had the controlling interest in such entities.
The Company, therefore, deconsolidated its ownership in the subordinated notes of the Disposed CLOs and is no longer reporting
the assets and liabilities of the Disposed CLOs in its consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2017. The operations of the
Disposed CLOs were consolidated in the Company’s consolidated financial statements through the respective dates.
On August 10, 2017, the Company’s ownership in the subordinated notes of Telos 7 was redeemed for cash as part of the complete
liquidation of the CLO. The operations of Telos 7 were consolidated in the Company’s consolidated financial statements through
the redemption date.
The Company sold Siena on October 1, 2017. Consideration consisted of $2,500 in cash and $11,000 of seller provided financing
at the time of sale. The financing has an interest rate of 10% and matures on November 18, 2018. The balance of the financing
and accrued interest is included within other investments and interest income is included within net investment income. The
gain on the sale was approximately $1,994, which is included within other revenue. The sale of Siena did not meet the requirements
to be classified as a discontinued operation.
The Company entered into a purchase agreement on November 16, 2017 to sell all of the issued and outstanding membership
interests of Care. See (26) Subsequent Events for details from the completion of the sale. The Company classified Care, previously
the senior living segment, as held for sale as of December 31, 2017. At the time of such classification, the pending sale of Care
also met the requirements to be classified as a discontinued operation. As a result, the Company has reclassified the income and
expenses attributable to Care to net income (loss) from discontinued operations for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016
and 2015. Assets and liabilities attributable to Care have been reclassified to assets held for sale and liabilities held for sale,
respectively, as of December 31, 2017 and 2016.
The Company has committed to a plan to sell Luxury and has classified Luxury as held for sale as of December 31, 2017. The
sale of Luxury did not meet the requirements to be classified as a discontinued operation. Assets and liabilities attributable to
Luxury have been reclassified to assets held for sale and liabilities held for sale, respectively, as of December 31, 2017.
As of December 31, 2017, the Company did not record any impairment losses with respect to assets held for sale or discontinued
operations.
The sale of Philadelphia Financial Group (PFG) was completed on June 30, 2015. Consideration consisted of $142,837 in cash
at the time of sale and two future payments on the first and second anniversary of closing totaling approximately $7,341. The
gain on the sale net of tax, was approximately $15,619, which is classified as a gain on sale from discontinued operations. As
a result, the Company has reclassified the income and expenses attributable to PFG to income from discontinued operations,
net for the years ended December 31, 2015.
F- 27
TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2017
(in thousands, except share data)
B. Assets Held for Sale
The following table represents detail of assets and liabilities held for sale in the consolidated balance sheets for the following
periods:
Assets
Investments:
Loans, at fair value
Loans at amortized cost, net
Real estate, net of accumulated depreciation of $26,823 and $17,765 (1)
Other investments
Total Investments
Cash and cash equivalents
Notes and accounts receivable, net
Intangible assets, net of accumulated amortization of $26,944 and $20,413
Other assets
Assets held for sale
Liabilities
Debt, net
Other liabilities and accrued expenses
Liabilities held for sale
(1) Previously disclosed within Real Estate, net.
C. Discontinued Operations
As of December 31,
2017
Luxury
Total
2016
Care
57,255
57,255 $
—
700
— 347,303
2,530
677
407,788
57,932
10,533
2,217
5,581
263
17,417
—
7,173
665
61,077 $ 448,492
$
—
700
285,778
1,388
287,866
13,224
3,862
11,820
6,397
$ 323,169
Care
$
— $
700
347,303
1,853
349,856
8,316
5,318
17,417
6,508
$ 387,415 $
$ 296,868 $
10,693
$ 307,561 $
53,835 $ 350,703
1,422
12,115
55,257 $ 362,818
$ 238,139
9,494
$ 247,633
The following table represents detail of revenues and expenses of discontinued operations in the consolidated statements of
operations for the following periods:
Revenues:
Service and administrative fees
Separate account fees
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses)
Rental and related revenue
Other revenue
Total revenues
Expenses:
Policy and contract benefits
Commission expense
Employee compensation and benefits
Interest expense
Depreciation and amortization
Other expenses
Total expenses
Net income (loss) before taxes from discontinued operations
Gain on sale of discontinued operations
Less: provision (benefit) for income taxes
Net income (loss) from discontinued operations
2017
Care
— $
—
—
74,386
1,583
75,969
—
—
30,215
13,068
15,645
23,263
82,191
(6,222)
—
(2,224)
(3,998) $
$
$
F- 28
Year ended December 31,
2016
Care
Care
2015
PFG
— $
—
—
59,636
1,095
60,731
—
—
24,000
8,691
14,166
19,698
66,555
(5,824)
—
(1,537)
(4,287) $
— $
—
(194)
45,372
950
46,128
—
—
18,479
6,796
14,546
15,842
55,663
(9,535)
—
2,130
(11,665) $
25,385 $
12,706
151
—
2,217
40,459
7,765
1,723
9,086
5,226
862
5,002
29,664
10,795
27,220
15,397
22,618 $
Total
25,385
12,706
(43)
45,372
3,167
86,587
7,765
1,723
27,565
12,022
15,408
20,844
85,327
1,260
27,220
17,527
10,953
TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2017
(in thousands, except share data)
The following table presents the cash flows from discontinued operations for the periods indicated:
Year ended December 31,
2017
Care
2016
Care
Care
2015
PFG
Total
Net cash provided by (used in):
Operating activities
Investing activities (1)
Financing activities
Net cash flows provided by discontinued operations
$ 16,805
(74,325)
50,569
$ 15,595
(96,679)
74,155
$ (6,951) $ (6,929) $ (10,878) $
$ 16,859 $ (6,198) $ 10,661
(74,889)
54,018
668 $ (10,210)
(86,755)
59,018
11,866
(5,000)
(1) Amount excludes $7,765 of non-controlling interests sold in connection with the sale of PFG in 2015.
D. Significant Accounting Policies Related to Dispositions, Assets Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations
Except as noted below, Siena, Care, Luxury and PFG adhered to the Significant Accounting Policies as described in Note 2.
Investments
Loans, at Amortized Cost, Net
Certain loans originated by Siena are asset backed loans held for investment and are carried at amortized cost. The Company
periodically reviews these loans for impairment. Impairment losses are taken for impaired loans based on the fair value of
collateral on an individual loan basis. When it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect all amounts contractually
due, the loan would be considered impaired.
An allowance for loan losses is a valuation allowance for probable incurred credit losses. Loan losses are charged against the
allowance when the Company believes the uncollectibility of a loan balance is confirmed. Management reviews its methodology
for its calculation of its loss provision as deemed necessary which is at least on an annual basis.
Interest income related to loans at amortized cost is generally recognized using the effective interest method or on a basis
approximating a level rate of return over the term of the loan. Nonaccrual loans are those on which the accrual of interest has
been suspended. Loans are placed on nonaccrual status and considered nonperforming when full payment of principal and interest
is in doubt, or when principal or interest is 90 days or more past due and collateral, if any, is insufficient to cover principal and
interest. Interest accrued but not collected at the date a loan is placed on nonaccrual status is reversed against interest income.
In addition, the amortization of net deferred loan fees is suspended. Interest income on nonaccrual loans may be recognized
only to the extent it is received in cash. However, where there is doubt regarding the ultimate collectability of loan principal,
cash receipts on such nonaccrual loans are applied to reduce the carrying value of such loans. Nonaccrual loans may be returned
to accrual status when repayment is reasonably assured and there has been demonstrated performance under the terms of the
loan or, if applicable, the restructured terms of such loan.
The Company defers nonrefundable loan origination and commitment fees collected on originated loans and amortizes the net
amount as an adjustment of the interest income over the contractual life of the loan. If a loan is prepaid, the net deferred amount
is recognized in loan fee income within the consolidated statements of operations in the period. Loan fee income includes
prepayment fees and late charges collected.
Real Estate, Net
Investments in real estate, net are carried at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is calculated on a straight-line
basis using estimated useful lives not to exceed 40 years for buildings and 9 years for building improvements and other fixed
assets. Real estate associated with our Care business is classified as a discontinued operation.
Real estate properties are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying
amount of the assets may not be recoverable. If such reviews indicate that the asset is impaired, the asset’s carrying amount is
written down to its fair value. There were no material impairments on the Company’s real estate investments for the years ended
December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively.
F- 29
TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2017
(in thousands, except share data)
During the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 subsidiaries in our senior living business, which is classified as
discontinued operations, entered into acquisition and asset purchase agreements to buy multiple senior living properties and
communities. Total consideration for these acquisitions was $82,806, $94,038, and $83,787, respectively. For the period from
acquisition until December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, revenues for the managed properties acquired were $6,206, $10,878,
$11,802 and the net losses were $2,653, $2,416 and $2,496, respectively, which is included in results from discontinued operations.
Assets and Liabilities of Consolidated CLOs
The Company measures both the financial assets and the financial liabilities of its CLOs in its consolidated financial statements
using the more observable of the fair value of the financial assets or the fair value of the financial liabilities. The liabilities of
consolidated CLOs primarily consist of notes payable which are measured using the fair value of the financial assets. As a result,
the notes were measured as (i) the sum of the fair value of the financial assets and the carrying value of any nonfinancial assets
held temporarily, less (ii) the sum of the fair value of any beneficial interests retained by the Company (other than those that
represent compensation for services) and the Company’s carrying value of any beneficial interests that represent compensation
for services.
Revenue Recognition
Rental and Related Revenue
Rental revenue from residents in properties owned by Care but managed by a management company pursuant to a management
agreement (Managed Properties) are recognized monthly as services are provided, as lease periods for residents are short-term
in nature. The Company recognizes rental revenue from triple net leases on a straight-line basis over the non-cancelable term
of the lease unless another systematic and rational basis is more representative of the time pattern in which the use benefit is
derived from the leased property. Renewal options in leases with rental terms that are higher than those in the primary term are
excluded from the calculation of straight-line rent if the renewals are not reasonably assured. The Company commences rental
revenue recognition when the tenant takes control of the leased space. The Company recognizes lease termination payments as
a component of rental revenue in the period received, provided that there are no further obligations under the lease. Revenue
related to rental revenue is primarily attributable to services provided to the occupants of our senior living properties.
(5) Operating Segment Data
Tiptree is a holding company that combines specialty insurance operations with investment management expertise. We allocate
our capital across our insurance operations and investments in other companies and assets which are managed as part of Tiptree
Capital. Today, Tiptree Capital consists of asset management operations, mortgage operations and other investments. As such,
we classify our business into three reportable segments– specialty insurance, asset management and mortgage. Corporate
activities include holding company interest expense, employee compensation and benefits, and other expenses.
As of December 31, 2017, the Company sold its interests in Siena and classified Care and Luxury as held for sale. At the time
of such classification, the pending sale of Care also met the requirements to be classified as a discontinued operation. Each of
these divestitures are no longer considered operating segments. As a result of these divestitures, our reportable segments dropped
from four to three, with the elimination of Senior Living segment and renaming Specialty Finance to Mortgage. This
reclassification had no impact on the allocation of goodwill to reporting units. None of these changes impacts the Company’s
previously reported consolidated net income or earnings per share.
Each reportable segment’s income (loss) is reported before income taxes, discontinued operations and non-controlling interests.
Segment results incorporate the revenues and expenses of these subsidiaries since they commenced operations or were acquired.
Descriptions of each of our reportable segments are as follows:
Insurance:
Specialty Insurance operations are conducted through Fortegra Financial Corporation (Fortegra), an insurance holding company.
Fortegra underwrites and provides specialty insurance products, primarily in the United States, and is a leading provider of credit
insurance and asset protection products. Fortegra’s diverse range of products and services include credit protection insurance,
warranty and service contract products, and insurance programs which front and underwrite niche personal and commercial
F- 30
TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2017
(in thousands, except share data)
lines of insurance. We also offer various other insurance related products and services throughout the U.S. through our non-
regulated subsidiaries.
Tiptree Capital:
Asset Management operations are primarily conducted through Telos Asset Management LLC’s (Telos) management of CLOs.
Telos is a subsidiary of Tiptree Asset Management Company, LLC (TAMCO), an SEC-registered investment advisor owned by
the Company. Results include net income (loss) from consolidated CLOs.
Mortgage operations are conducted through Reliance. The Company’s mortgage origination business originated loans for sale
to institutional investors, including GSEs and FHA/VA.
Other includes operations and investments that are not considered reportable segments. This includes Siena, which was sold on
October 1, 2017, and Luxury which was classified as held for sale as of December 31, 2017.
The tables below present the components of revenue, expense, pre-tax income (loss), and segment assets for each of the operating
segments for the following period.
Total revenue
Total expense
Net income (loss) attributable to consolidated CLOs
Corporate expense
Year Ended December 31, 2017
Tiptree Capital
Specialty
insurance
Asset
management Mortgage
Other
Total
$
478,965
$
9,741
$
56,571
$
36,521
$
581,798
(473,561)
—
—
(5,953)
10,457
—
(54,481)
(32,520)
(566,515)
—
—
—
—
10,457
(29,070)
Net income (loss) before taxes from continuing operations
$
5,404
$
14,245
$
2,090
$
4,001
$
(3,330)
Less: provision (benefit) for income taxes
Net income (loss) from discontinued operations
Net income (loss) before non-controlling interests
Less: net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests
Net income (loss) attributable to Tiptree Inc. Class A common stockholders
(12,562)
(3,998)
5,234
1,630
3,604
$
$
Total revenue
Total expense
Net income (loss) attributable to consolidated CLOs
Corporate expense
Year Ended December 31, 2016
Tiptree Capital
Specialty
insurance
Asset
management Mortgage
Other
Total
$
394,170
$
13,114
$
56,294
$
42,845
$
506,423
(347,366)
—
—
(8,104)
20,254
—
(51,412)
(35,849)
(442,731)
—
—
—
—
20,254
(34,806)
Net income (loss) before taxes from continuing operations
$
46,804
$
25,264
$
4,882
$
6,996
$
49,140
Less: provision (benefit) for income taxes
Net income (loss) from discontinued operations
Net income (loss) before non-controlling interests
Less: net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests
Net income (loss) attributable to Tiptree Inc. Class A common stockholders
12,515
(4,287)
32,338
7,018
25,320
$
$
Total revenue
Total expense
Year Ended December 31, 2015
Tiptree Capital
Specialty
insurance
Asset
management Mortgage
Other
Total
$
330,888
$
6,770
$
22,934
$
31,739
$
392,331
(298,876)
(6,634)
(20,470)
(28,264)
(354,244)
F- 31
TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2017
(in thousands, except share data)
Net income (loss) attributable to consolidated CLOs
Corporate expense
Year Ended December 31, 2015
Tiptree Capital
Specialty
insurance
Asset
management Mortgage
Other
Total
—
—
(6,889)
—
—
—
—
—
(6,889)
(34,102)
Net income (loss) before taxes from continuing operations
$
32,012
$
(6,753) $
2,464
$
3,475
$
(2,904)
Less: provision (benefit) for income taxes
Net income (loss) from discontinued operations
Net income (loss) before non-controlling interests
Less: net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests
Net income (loss) attributable to Tiptree Inc. Class A common stockholders
(753)
10,953
8,802
3,023
5,779
$
$
The following table presents the segment assets for the following periods:
Segment assets
Assets held for sale
Total assets
Segment assets
Assets of consolidated CLOs
Assets held for sale
Total assets
Segment Assets as of December 31, 2017
Tiptree Capital
Specialty
insurance
Asset
management
Mortgage
Other
Total
$
1,367,437
$
5,537
$
90,260
$
78,016
$
1,541,250
—
—
—
448,492
448,492
$
1,989,742
Segment Assets as of December 31, 2016
Tiptree Capital
Specialty
insurance
Asset
management
Mortgage
Other
Total
$
1,268,152
$
17,427
$
86,191
$
205,616
$
1,577,386
—
—
989,495
—
—
—
—
323,169
989,495
323,169
$
2,890,050
F- 32
TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2017
(in thousands, except share data)
(6) Investments
Available for Sale Securities, at fair value
All of the Company’s investments in available for sale securities as of December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 are held by
subsidiaries in the specialty insurance business. The following tables present the Company's investments in available for sale
securities:
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S.
government authorities and agencies
Obligations of state and political subdivisions
Corporate securities
Asset backed securities
Certificates of deposit
Equity securities
Obligations of foreign governments
Total
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S.
government authorities and agencies
Obligations of state and political subdivisions
Corporate securities
Asset backed securities
Certificates of deposit
Equity securities
Obligations of foreign governments
Total
Amortized
cost
As of December 31, 2017
Gross
Gross
unrealized losses
unrealized gains
Fair value
48,399
47,211
62,125
23,369
896
595
562
183,157
$
$
20
190
195
182
—
10
9
606
$
$
(474) $
(420)
(345)
(58)
—
(17)
(1)
(1,315) $
47,945
46,981
61,975
23,493
896
588
570
182,448
Amortized
cost
As of December 31, 2016
Gross
Gross
unrealized losses
unrealized gains
Fair value
27,149
57,425
58,769
1,459
895
818
733
147,248
$
$
27
107
204
1
—
3
3
345
$
$
(377) $
(598)
(402)
—
—
(37)
(8)
(1,422) $
26,799
56,934
58,571
1,460
895
784
728
146,171
$
$
$
$
F- 33
TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2017
(in thousands, except share data)
The following tables summarize the gross unrealized losses on available for sale securities in an unrealized loss position:
As of December 31, 2017
Less Than or Equal to One Year
Gross
unrealized
losses
# of
Securities
Fair value
More Than One Year
Gross
unrealized
losses
Fair
value
# of
Securities
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of
U.S. government authorities and agencies $
37,918
$
Obligations of state and political
subdivisions
Corporate securities
Asset-backed securities
Equity securities
Obligations of foreign governments
Total
24,165
37,573
1,297
295
371
$ 101,619
$
(291)
(135)
(179)
(58)
(15)
(1)
(679)
115
$
7,584
$
(183)
96
295
2
3
1
512
7,294
6,568
—
63
—
$ 21,509
$
(285)
(166)
—
(2)
—
(636)
56
48
127
—
2
—
233
As of December 31, 2016
Less Than or Equal to One Year
Gross
unrealized
losses
# of
Securities
Fair value
More Than One Year
Gross
unrealized
losses
Fair
value
# of
Securities
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of
U.S. government authorities and agencies $
20,979
$
(376)
115
$
16
$
Obligations of state and political
subdivisions
Corporate securities
Asset-backed securities
Equity securities
Obligations of foreign governments
Total
41,639
29,856
706
736
338
94,254
$
$
(597)
(400)
—
(35)
(8)
(1,416)
170
279
1
5
4
574
$
1,334
253
—
19
—
1,622
$
(1)
(1)
(2)
—
(2)
—
(6)
5
3
3
—
2
—
13
The Company does not intend to sell the investments that were in an unrealized loss position as of December 31, 2017, and
management believes that it is more likely than not that the Company will be able to hold these securities until full recovery of
their amortized cost basis for fixed maturity securities or cost for equity securities. The unrealized losses were attributable to
changes in interest rates and not credit-related issues. As of December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, based on the Company's
review, none of the fixed maturity or equity securities were deemed to be other-than-temporarily impaired based on the Company's
analysis of the securities and its intent to hold the securities until recovery.
The amortized cost and fair values of investments in debt securities, by contractual maturity date, are shown below. Expected
maturities may differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or
without call or prepayment penalties. Excluded from this table are equity securities since they have no contractual maturity.
Due in one year or less
Due after one year through five years
Due after five years through ten years
Due after ten years
Asset-backed securities
Total
As of
December 31, 2017
December 31, 2016
Amortized
Cost
$
$
26,399
86,287
41,442
5,065
23,369
182,562
Fair Value
26,363
85,852
41,085
5,067
23,493
181,860
$
$
Amortized
Cost
$
$
22,846
66,063
49,036
7,026
1,459
146,430
Fair Value
22,833
65,841
48,381
6,872
1,460
145,387
$
$
Pursuant to certain reinsurance agreements and statutory licensing requirements, the Company has deposited invested assets in
custody accounts or insurance department safekeeping accounts. The Company cannot remove invested assets from these
F- 34
TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2017
(in thousands, except share data)
accounts without prior approval of the contractual party or regulatory authority, as applicable. The following table presents the
Company's restricted investments included in the Company's available for sale securities:
Fair value of restricted investments for special deposits required by state insurance departments $
Fair value of restricted investments in trust pursuant to reinsurance agreements
Total fair value of restricted investments
$
The following table presents additional information on the Company’s available for sale securities:
As of December 31,
2016
2017
6,101
10,175
16,276
$
$
10,111
7,573
17,684
Year Ended December 31,
2016
2015
2017
Purchases of available for sale securities
$ 117,735
Proceeds from maturities, calls and prepayments of available for sale securities
$
32,157
Gains (losses) realized on maturities, calls and prepayments of available for sale
securities
Gross proceeds from sales of available for sale securities
Gains (losses) realized on sales of available for sale securities
Investment in Loans
$
$
$
5
48,252
430
$
$
$
$
$
24,652
27,859
87
66,891
938
$
$
$
$
$
75,275
39,062
(62)
20,353
4
The following tables present the Company’s investments in loans, measured at fair value:
As of December 31, 2017
Unpaid
principal
balance
(UPB)
Fair value
exceeds /
(below)
UPB
Fair value
As of December 31, 2016
Unpaid
principal
balance
(UPB)
Fair value
exceeds /
(below)
UPB
Fair value
$
157,661
Loans, at fair value
Corporate loans (2)
Mortgage loans held for sale (1)
Non-performing loans (3)
Other loans receivable
(1,250)
3,277
(38,969)
—
(36,942)
(1) The items previously disclosed for businesses the Company has designated as a discontinued operation or held for sale are disclosed in (4) Dispositions,
Assets Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations.
(173) $
2,082
(15,206)
—
(13,297) $
52,872
—
271,470
74,923
1,169
373,089
113,892
1,169
410,031
37,666
—
258,173
Total loans, at fair value
121,439
175,558
118,162
176,808
157,834
62,846
60,764
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
(2) The UPB of these loans approximates cost basis.
(3) The cost basis of NPLs was approximately $32,398 and $70,990 at December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.
The following table presents the Company’s investments in loans, measured at fair value pledged as collateral:
Corporate loans
Mortgage loans held for sale
(1)
Non-performing loans
Total fair value of loans pledged as collateral
As of December 31,
2016
2017
$
$
154,279
62,212
30,703
175,365
117,734
60,409
$
247,194
$
353,508
(1) The items previously disclosed for businesses the Company has designated as a discontinued operation or held for sale are disclosed in (4) Dispositions,
Assets Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations.
F- 35
TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2017
(in thousands, except share data)
As of December 31, 2017 and 2016, there were no mortgage loans held for sale 90 days or more past due.
The following table presents the Company’s investments in loans, measured at amortized cost:
Loans at amortized cost, net
Asset backed loans and other loans, net (1)
Less: Allowance for loan losses
Total loans at amortized cost, net
As of December 31,
2016
2017
$
$
— $
—
— $
114,333
1,195
113,138
Net deferred loan origination fees included in asset backed loans
(1) The items previously disclosed for businesses the Company has designated as a discontinued operation or held for sale are disclosed in (4) Dispositions,
Assets Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations.
— $
5,244
$
The following table presents additional information on the Company’s asset backed loans:
Pledged as collateral
Loans receivable, net
As of December 31,
2016
2017
119,558
— $
— $
113,138
$
$
Collateral for asset-backed loan receivables, as of December 31, 2016, consisted primarily of inventory, equipment and accounts
receivable. In the fourth quarter of 2017 the Company sold its commercial lending subsidiary involved in originating asset
backed loans.
Other Investments
The following table contains information regarding the Company’s other investments as of the following periods:
Other investments
Real estate, net (1) (2)
Foreclosed residential real estate property
Seller financing (3)
Derivative assets
Debentures
Other (2)
Total other investments
As of December 31,
2016
2017
19,226
16,056
11,275
5,013
4,163
3,409
59,142
$
10,279
13,366
—
19,148
3,957
974
47,724
$
(1) Net of accumulated depreciation of $440 and $57, respectively.
(2) The items previously disclosed for businesses the Company has designated as a discontinued operation or held for sale are disclosed in (4) Dispositions,
Assets Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations.
(3) Seller provided financing related to the sale of Siena. See (4) Dispositions, Assets Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations.
Net Investment Income
Net investment income represents income primarily from the following sources:
Interest income, and dividends related to available for sale securities, at fair value;
Interest income related to loans, at fair value;
•
•
• Dividend income from equity securities, trading, at fair value;
• Rental and related revenue from real estate, net; and
• Earnings from other investments.
F- 36
The following table presents the components of net investment income related to our specialty insurance business recorded on
the consolidated statements of operations:
Net investment income
Available for sale securities, at fair value
Loans, at fair value
Equity securities, trading, at fair value
Other investments
Total investment income
Less: investment expenses
Net investment income
Year Ended December 31,
2016
2015
2017
$
$
3,490
11,073
2,043
1,366
17,972
1,686
16,286
$
$
3,075
7,999
2,981
468
14,523
1,542
12,981
$
$
3,166
2,426
369
286
6,247
792
5,455
The following table presents the components of net realized and unrealized gains (losses) recorded on the consolidated statements
of operations:
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses)
Net realized gains (losses)
Net unrealized gains (losses)
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses)
Year Ended December 31,
2016
2015
2017
$
$
64,425
(16,818)
47,607
$
$
70,811
16,489
87,300
$
32,088
(619)
31,469
The following table presents the net gain on the sale of mortgage loans and the cumulative net unrealized gains (losses) on equity
securities, trading, at fair value recorded on the consolidated statements of operations:
Year Ended December 31,
2016
2015
2017
Net realized gain on sale of mortgage loans (1)
Cumulative net unrealized gains (losses) on equity securities, trading, at fair value
held at the reporting date
(1) Related to the Company’s mortgage business.
$
$
64,296
$
68,181
33,849
(23,753) $
6,032
256
(7) Notes and Accounts Receivable, net
The following table summarizes the total notes and accounts receivable, net:
Premium financing program (1)
Other
Notes receivable, net
Accounts and premiums receivable, net
Retrospective commissions receivable
Trust receivables
Other receivables (2)
Total
(1) Related to the Company’s specialty insurance business.
$
$
As of December 31,
2016
2017
$
$
12,225
—
12,225
59,946
68,064
29,060
17,127
20,615
298
20,913
45,041
59,175
10,074
18,435
$
186,422
$
153,638
(2) The items previously disclosed for businesses the Company has designated as a discontinued operation or held for sale are disclosed in (4) Dispositions,
Assets Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations.
F- 37
TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2017
(in thousands, except share data)
Notes Receivable, net
The Company has established an allowance for uncollectible amounts against its notes receivable of $66 and $1,444 as of
December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively. As of December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, there were $416
and $2,188 in balances classified as 90 days plus past due, respectively.
Accounts and premiums receivable, net, Retrospective commissions receivable, Trust receivables and Other receivables
Accounts and premiums receivable, net, retrospective commissions receivable, trust receivables and other receivables are
primarily trade receivables from the specialty insurance business that are carried at their approximate fair value. The Company
has established a valuation allowance against its accounts and premiums receivable of $196 and $225 as of December 31, 2017
and December 31, 2016, respectively.
(8) Reinsurance Receivables
The following table presents the effect of reinsurance on premiums written and earned by our specialty insurance business for
the following periods:
Direct
amount
Ceded to
other
companies
Assumed
from other
companies
Net amount
Percentage of
amount -
assumed to net
For the Year ended December 31, 2017
Premiums written:
Life insurance
Accident and health insurance
Property and liability insurance
Total premiums written
Premiums earned:
Life insurance
Accident and health insurance
Property and liability insurance
Total premiums earned
For the Year ended December 31, 2016
Premiums written:
Life insurance
Accident and health insurance
Property and liability insurance
Total premiums written
Premiums earned:
Life insurance
Accident and health insurance
Property and liability insurance
Total premiums earned
For the Year ended December 31, 2015
Premiums written:
Life insurance
Accident and health insurance
Property and liability insurance
Total premiums written
Premiums earned:
Life insurance
Accident and health insurance
Property and liability insurance
Total premiums earned
32,358
79,278
238,614
350,250
30,567
76,549
201,576
308,692
34,044
79,396
257,677
371,117
30,015
79,754
343,820
453,589
36,826
88,342
378,744
503,912
25,739
78,954
325,176
429,869
$
$
$
$
$
$
2,011
3,247
27,480
32,738
1,942
3,198
15,435
20,575
2,522
3,335
15,270
21,127
2,543
3,262
6,034
11,839
3,000
3,095
7,102
13,197
3,011
3,051
3,409
9,471
$
$
$
$
$
$
32,849
43,196
341,977
418,022
33,155
37,773
300,772
371,700
33,630
40,800
262,740
337,170
34,449
36,355
158,632
229,436
33,590
39,615
108,891
182,096
34,475
36,571
95,219
166,265
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
63,196
119,227
553,111
735,534
61,780
111,124
486,913
659,817
65,152
116,861
505,147
687,160
61,921
112,847
496,418
671,186
67,416
124,862
480,533
672,811
57,203
112,474
416,986
586,663
F- 38
6.1%
7.5%
8.0%
7.8%
5.9%
8.5%
5.1%
5.5%
7.5%
8.2%
5.8%
6.3%
7.4%
9.0%
3.8%
5.2%
8.9%
7.8%
6.5%
7.2%
8.7%
8.3%
3.6%
5.7%
TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2017
(in thousands, except share data)
The following table presents the components of policy and contract benefits, including the effect of reinsurance on losses and
loss adjustment expenses ("LAE") incurred:
For the Year ended December 31, 2017
Losses Incurred
Life insurance
Accident and health insurance
Property and liability insurance
Total losses incurred
For the Year ended December 31, 2016
Losses Incurred
Life insurance
Accident and health insurance
Property and liability insurance
Total losses incurred
For the Year ended December 31, 2015
Losses Incurred
Life insurance
Accident and health insurance
Property and liability insurance
Total losses incurred
Direct
amount
Ceded to
other
companies
Assumed
from other
companies
Net amount
Percentage of
amount -
assumed to
net
$
$
33,068
17,512
198,484
249,064
$
18,388
14,421
118,262
151,071
879
752
8,915
10,546
Member benefit claims (1)
Total policy and contract benefits
$
$
32,574
19,250
219,538
271,362
$
16,945
16,339
158,520
191,804
1,184
871
3,337
5,392
Member benefit claims (1)
Total policy and contract benefits
$
$
27,583
16,613
132,775
176,971
$
12,468
13,555
98,700
124,723
1,163
860
2,297
4,320
Member benefit claims (1)
Total policy and contract benefits
$
$
$
$
$
$
15,559
3,843
89,137
108,539
15,420
123,959
16,813
3,782
64,355
84,950
21,834
106,784
16,278
3,918
36,372
56,568
29,744
86,312
5.6%
19.6%
10.0%
9.7%
7.0%
23.0%
5.2%
6.3%
7.1%
21.9%
6.3%
7.6%
(1) - Member benefit claims are not covered by reinsurance.
The following table presents the components of the reinsurance receivables:
Prepaid reinsurance premiums:
Life (1)
Accident and health (1)
Property (2)
Total
Ceded claim reserves:
Life
Accident and health
Property
Total ceded claim reserves recoverable
Other reinsurance settlements recoverable
Reinsurance receivables
As of December 31,
2016
2017
$
$
65,218
56,729
131,735
253,682
2,988
9,575
61,406
73,969
25,316
352,967
$
$
64,621
53,999
94,091
212,711
2,929
10,435
49,917
63,281
20,242
296,234
(1) Including policyholder account balances ceded.
(2) The December 31, 2016 amount includes a non-cash transaction, as part of a reinsurance contract cancellation that resulted in a reduction of $92,854 in
reinsurance receivable, offset by an increase of $88,857 in assets and a decrease of $3,997 in liabilities.
F- 39
TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2017
(in thousands, except share data)
The following table presents the aggregate amount included in reinsurance receivables that is comprised of the three largest
receivable balances from unrelated reinsurers:
Total of the three largest receivable balances from unrelated reinsurers
As of
December 31,
2017
$
81,939
At December 31, 2017, the three unrelated reinsurers from whom our specialty insurance business has the largest receivable
balances were: London Life Reinsurance Corporation (A. M. Best Rating: A rated), MFI Insurance Company, LTD (A. M. Best
Rating: Not rated) and Frandisco Property and Casualty Insurance Company (A. M. Best Rating: Not rated). The related
receivables of these reinsurers are collateralized by assets on hand, assets held in trust accounts and letters of credit. At
December 31, 2017, the Company does not believe there is a risk of loss due to the concentration of credit risk in the reinsurance
program given the collateralization.
(9) Goodwill and Intangible Assets, net
The following table presents identifiable finite and indefinite-lived intangible assets, accumulated amortization, and goodwill
by operating segment and/or reporting unit, as appropriate:
As of December 31, 2017
As of December 31, 2016
Tiptree Capital
Tiptree Capital
Specialty
insurance Mortgage
Other
Total
Specialty
insurance Mortgage
Other
Total
Customer relationships
$ 50,500
$
— $ — $ 50,500
$ 50,500
$
— $ — $ 50,500
Accumulated amortization
Trade names
Accumulated amortization
Software licensing
Accumulated amortization
Insurance policies and contracts acquired
Accumulated amortization
Insurance licensing agreements(1)
Leases in place (2)
Accumulated amortization
Intangible assets, net
Goodwill
(12,081)
6,500
(2,182)
8,500
(5,242)
36,500
(35,433)
13,761
2,324
(142)
63,005
89,854
—
800
(200)
640
(228)
—
—
—
—
—
1,012
1,708
— (12,081)
—
—
—
—
—
7,300
(2,382)
9,140
(5,470)
36,500
(4,614)
6,500
(1,484)
8,500
(3,542)
36,500
— (35,433)
(34,184)
—
—
—
—
—
13,761
2,324
(142)
64,017
91,562
13,000
1,317
(18)
72,475
89,854
—
800
(120)
640
(137)
—
—
—
—
—
1,183
1,708
—
—
—
—
—
—
(4,614)
7,300
(1,604)
9,140
(3,679)
36,500
— (34,184)
—
—
—
—
1,205
13,000
1,317
(18)
73,658
92,767
Total goodwill and intangible assets, net
$ 152,859
$
2,720
$ — $155,579
$ 162,329
$
2,891
$ 1,205
$166,425
(1) Represents intangible assets with an indefinite useful life. Impairment tests are performed at least annually on these assets.
(2) The items previously disclosed for businesses the Company has designated as a discontinued operation or held for sale are disclosed in (4) Dispositions,
Assets Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations.
Goodwill
The following table presents the activity in goodwill, by operating segment and/or reporting unit, as appropriate, and includes
the adjustments made to the balance of goodwill to reflect the effect of the final valuation adjustments made for acquisitions,
as well as the reduction to any goodwill attributable to discontinued operations or impairment related charges:
F- 40
TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2017
(in thousands, except share data)
Tiptree Capital
Balance at December 31, 2014
Goodwill acquired in 2015
Goodwill impairment charges
Balance at December 31, 2015
Balance at December 31, 2016
Goodwill divested (1)
Balance at December 31, 2017
Accumulated impairments
Specialty
insurance Mortgage
$
$
— $
89,854
—
—
89,854
89,854
—
89,854
1,708
—
1,708
1,708
—
1,708
$
$
$
$
$
$
Other
$
$
$
1,904
—
(699)
1,205
1,205
(1,205)
— $
Total
91,758
1,708
(699)
92,767
92,767
(1,205)
91,562
— $
— $
699
$
699
$
$
$
$
(1) This is related to the sale of Siena. See (4) Dispositions, Assets Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations.
The Company’s impairment testing for each period did not indicate any goodwill impairment as each of the Company’s reporting
units with goodwill had a fair value that was substantially in excess of its carrying value. During the fourth quarter of 2016, the
Company changed the date of its annual impairment test of goodwill from December 31 to October 1. The Company believes
the change in goodwill impairment date does not result in a material change in the method of applying the accounting principle.
This change provides the Company additional time to complete the annual impairment test of goodwill in advance of our year
end reporting. The Company will continue to perform interim impairment testing should circumstances or events require. This
change does not result in a delay, acceleration, or avoidance of an impairment charge. This change was applied prospectively
in 2017 because it was impracticable to apply it retrospectively due to the difficulty in making estimates and assumptions without
using hindsight.
For the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, no impairment was recorded on the Company’s goodwill or intangibles. As
of December 31, 2015, the Company recorded an impairment of $699 associated with Luxury as a result of qualitative and
quantitative procedures associated with our annual impairment testing.
Intangible Assets, net
The following table presents the activity, by operating segment and/or reporting unit, as appropriate, in finite and indefinite-
lived other intangible assets and includes the adjustments made to the balance to reflect the effect of any final valuation adjustments
made for acquisitions, as well as any reduction attributable to discontinued operations or impairment-related charges:
Balance at December 31, 2014
Intangible assets acquired in 2015
Less: amortization expense
Balance at December 31, 2015
Intangible assets acquired in 2016
Less: amortization expense
Balance at December 31, 2016
Intangible assets acquired in 2017
Less: amortization expense
Balance at December 31, 2017
Specialty
insurance Mortgage
$
$
— $
110,847
—
(28,170)
82,677
1,317
(11,519)
72,475
1,768
(11,238)
63,005
1,440
(86)
1,354
—
(171)
1,183
—
(171)
1,012
$
$
$
$
$
$
Total (1)
110,847
1,440
(28,256)
84,031
1,317
(11,690)
73,658
1,768
(11,409)
64,017
(1) The items previously disclosed for businesses the Company has designated as a discontinued operation or held for sale are disclosed in (4) Dispositions,
Assets Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations.
During the year ended December 31, 2017 a subsidiary in our specialty insurance business acquired 100% of the outstanding
stock of an insurance company licensed in several states but having no operations and no net insurance exposures. The purpose
of this transaction was to acquire additional licenses to expand the Company’s direct writing capabilities to New York and
Wisconsin. The transaction was accounted for as an asset acquisition, resulting in $761 recorded as an indefinite life intangible
asset for the cost attributed to the insurance licenses.
F- 41
TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2017
(in thousands, except share data)
The following table presents the amortization expense on finite-lived intangible assets for the following periods:
Amortization expense on intangible assets
$
Year Ended December 31,
2016
11,690
2017
11,409
$
$
2015
28,256
The following table presents the amortization expense on finite-lived intangible assets for the next five years by operating
segment and/or reporting unit, as appropriate:
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023 and thereafter
Total
Specialty
insurance
(VOBA)
As of December 31, 2017
Specialty
insurance
(other)
Mortgage
$
465
217
123
82
54
126
$
9,271
$
7,703
5,221
4,445
3,789
17,748
$
171
171
171
171
126
202
$
1,067
$
48,177
$
1,012
$
Total
9,907
8,091
5,515
4,698
3,969
18,076
50,256
(10) Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedging
The Company utilizes derivative financial instruments as part of its overall investment and hedging activities. Derivative contracts
are subject to additional risk that can result in a loss of all or part of an investment. The Company’s derivative activities are
primarily classified by underlying credit risk and interest rate risk. In addition, the Company is also subject to additional
counterparty risk should it’s counterparties fail to meet the contract terms. The derivative financial instruments are located within
derivative assets at fair value and are reported in other investments. Derivative liabilities are reported within other liabilities and
accrued expenses.
Derivatives, at fair value
Credit Derivatives
Credit derivatives are generally defined as over the counter contracts between a buyer and seller of protection against the risk
of default on a set of obligations issued by a specified reference entity. Credit Default Swap Indices (CDX) are credit derivatives
that reference multiple names through underlying baskets or portfolios of single name credit default swaps. The Company entered
into these contracts as both a buyer of protection and seller of protection to manage the credit risk exposure of its investment
portfolio. At inception of the investment into the CDX position, the Company was required to deposit cash collateral for these
positions equal to an initial 2.25% of the notional amount of the sold protection side subject to increase based on additional
maintenance margin as a result of decreases in value.
The Company’s investment in CDX was settled during December 2017.
Interest Rate Lock Commitments
The Company enters into interest rate lock commitments (IRLCs) with customers in connection with its mortgage banking
activities to fund residential mortgage loans with certain terms at specified times in the future. IRLCs that relate to the origination
of mortgage loans that will be classified as held-for-sale are considered derivative instruments under applicable accounting
guidance. As such, these IRLCs are recorded at fair value with changes in fair value typically resulting in recognition of a gain
when the Company enters into IRLCs. In estimating the fair value of an IRLC, the Company assigns a probability that the loan
commitment will be exercised and the loan will be funded (“pull through”). The fair value of the commitments is derived from
the fair value of related mortgage loans, net of estimated costs to complete. Outstanding IRLCs expose the Company to the risk
that the price of the loans underlying the commitments might decline from inception of the rate lock to funding of the loan. To
manage this risk, the Company utilizes forward delivery contracts and TBA mortgage backed securities to economically hedge
F- 42
TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2017
(in thousands, except share data)
the risk of potential changes in the value of the loans that would result from the commitments.
Forward Delivery Contracts and TBA Mortgage Backed Securities
The Company enters into forward delivery contracts with loan aggregators and other investors as one of the tools to manage the
interest rate risk associated with IRLCs and loans held for sale. In addition, the Company enters into to be announced (TBA)
mortgage backed securities which facilitate hedging and funding by allowing the Company to prearrange prices for mortgages
that are in the process of originating. The Company utilizes these hedging instruments for Agency (Fannie Mae and Freddie
Mac) and FHA/VA (Ginnie Mae) eligible IRLCs.
Interest Rate Swaps
The Company uses interest rate swaps to hedge the variability of floating rate borrowings. Cash flow hedge accounting was
applied to the floating rate borrowings in its specialty insurance business, and during the second quarter of 2016, the Company
elected to apply cash flow hedge accounting to such transactions in its senior living business. These swaps were primarily used
in our senior living business, which is classified as a discontinued operation. This is included in assets held for sale in the
consolidated balance sheets.
The following table summarizes the gross notional and fair value amounts of derivatives (on a gross basis) categorized by
underlying risk:
As of December 31, 2017
Asset
derivatives
Liability
derivatives
Notional
values
As of December 31, 2016
Asset
derivatives
Liability
derivatives
Notional
values
Credit risk:
Credit derivatives sold protection
Credit derivatives bought
protection
Sub-total
Foreign currency risk:
Foreign currency forward contracts
Interest rate risk:
Interest rate lock commitments
Forward delivery contracts
TBA mortgage backed securities
Interest rate swaps (1)
Sub-total
Total
$
— $
— $
— $
297,612
$
28,731
$
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
190,645
71,152
197,000
—
458,797
458,797
$
$
4,808
30
175
—
5,013
5,013
$
—
—
—
—
—
117
—
117
117
298,173
595,785
—
28,731
14,501
14,501
965
—
3
203,815
66,731
249,750
35,000
555,296
$ 1,152,046
$
4,872
—
1,678
—
6,550
35,281
$
—
84
269
397
750
15,254
(1) The items previously disclosed for businesses the Company has designated as a discontinued operation or held for sale are disclosed in (4) Dispositions,
Assets Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations.
The Company nets the credit derivative assets and liabilities as these credit derivatives are subject to legally enforceable netting
arrangements with the same party. The following table presents derivative instruments that are subject to offset by a master
netting agreement:
Derivatives subject to netting arrangements:
Credit default swap indices sold protection
Credit default swap indices bought protection
Gross assets recognized
Cash collateral
Net assets recognized (included in other investments)
F- 43
As of December 31,
2016
2017
$
$
— $
—
—
—
— $
28,731
(14,501)
14,230
(1,632)
12,598
TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2017
(in thousands, except share data)
Derivatives Designated as Cash Flow Hedging Instruments
A subsidiary in our specialty insurance business had an IRS with a counterparty, pursuant to which the subsidiary swapped the
floating rate portion of its outstanding preferred trust securities to a fixed rate. This IRS was designated as a cash flow hedge
and expired in June 2017.
The following table presents the fair value and the related outstanding notional amounts of the Company's cash flow hedging
derivative instruments and indicates where the Company records each amount in its consolidated balance sheets:
Balance Sheet
Location
As of December 31,
2017
2016
Derivatives designated as cash flow hedging instruments:
Notional value
Fair value of interest rate swap (1)
Fair value of interest rate swap (1)
Unrealized gain (loss), net of tax, on the fair value of interest rate
swaps
Other investments
Other liabilities and
accrued expenses
AOCI
$
$
$
$
Variable rate on interest rate swap
Fixed rate on interest rate swap
— $
— $
35,000
—
— $
397
2,074
$
1,759
N/A
N/A
0.96%
3.47%
(1) The items previously disclosed for businesses the Company has designated as a discontinued operation or held for sale are disclosed in (4) Dispositions,
Assets Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations.
The following table presents the pretax impact of the cash flow hedging derivative instruments on the consolidated financial
statements for the following periods:
Year Ended December 31,
2016
2015
2017
Gains (losses) recognized in AOCI on the derivative-effective portion
(Gains) losses reclassified from AOCI into income-effective portion
Gains (losses) recognized in income on the derivative-ineffective portion
$
$
$
282
184
$
$
— $
2,210
121
240
$
$
$
(326)
274
—
F- 44
TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2017
(in thousands, except share data)
(11) Assets and Liabilities of Consolidated CLOs
The CLOs are considered variable interest entities (VIE) and the Company consolidates entities when it is determined to be the
primary beneficiary under current VIE accounting guidance.
During 2017 the Company exited all consolidated CLOs. See (4) Dispositions, Assets Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations .
The table below represents the assets and liabilities of the consolidated CLOs that are included in the Company’s consolidated
balance sheets as of the dates indicated:
Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents
Loans, at fair value (1)
Other assets
Total assets of consolidated CLOs
Liabilities:
Debt
Other liabilities and accrued expenses
Total liabilities of consolidated CLOs
As of December 31,
2017
2016
$
$
$
$
— $
—
—
— $
— $
—
— $
45,589
928,240
15,666
989,495
912,034
19,935
931,969
Net
(1) The unpaid principal balance for these loans is $952,225 and the difference between their fair value and UPB is $23,985 at December 31, 2016.
— $
$
57,526
The Company’s beneficial interests and maximum exposure to loss related to the consolidated CLOs are limited to (i) ownership
in the subordinated notes and related participations in subordinated management fees of the CLOs and (ii) accrued management
fees. Although these beneficial interests are eliminated upon consolidation, the application of the measurement alternative results
in the net amount of the CLOs shown above to be equivalent to the beneficial interests retained by the Company as illustrated
in the below table:
Beneficial interests:
Subordinated notes and related participations in subordinated management fees
Accrued management fees
Total beneficial interests
As of December 31,
2016
2017
$
$
— $
—
— $
56,820
706
57,526
The following table represents revenue and expenses of the consolidated CLOs included in the Company’s consolidated
statements of operations for the periods indicated:
Year Ended December 31,
2016
2015
2017
Income:
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses)
$
2,364
$
1,865
Interest income
Total income
Expenses:
Interest expense
Other expense
Total expense
22,539
24,903
13,386
1,060
14,446
51,712
53,577
31,033
2,290
33,323
Net income (loss) attributable to consolidated CLOs
$
10,457
$
20,254
$
F- 45
$ (27,569)
51,182
$
$
23,613
29,143
1,359
30,502
(6,889)
TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2017
(in thousands, except share data)
As summarized in the table below, the application of the measurement alternative results in the consolidated net income
summarized above to be equivalent to the Company’s own economic interests in the CLOs which are eliminated upon
consolidation:
Economic interests:
Distributions received
$
2017
Year Ended December 31,
2016
14,825
5,757
$
$
2015
14,676
Realized and unrealized gains (losses) on subordinated notes held by the
Company, net
Total
Management fee income
Total economic interests
(12) Debt, net
3,559
9,316
1,141
2,510
17,335
2,919
$
10,457
$
20,254
$
(25,696)
(11,020)
4,131
(6,889)
The following table summarizes the balance of the Company’s debt obligations, net of discounts and deferred financing costs,
excluding notes payable of consolidated CLOs (See Note—(11) Assets and Liabilities of Consolidated CLOs).
Maximum
borrowing
capacity as of
Stated maturity
date
Stated interest rate
or range of rates
December 31,
2017
As of December 31,
2017
2016
Debt Type
Corporate debt
Secured corporate credit agreements
September 2018 -
December 2018
LIBOR + 1.00% to
6.50%
$
155,000
$
28,500
$
164,000
Junior subordinated notes
Preferred trust securities
Total corporate debt
Asset based debt (1)
October 2057
8.50%
June 2037
LIBOR + 4.10%
125,000
35,000
125,000
35,000
188,500
—
35,000
199,000
Asset based revolving financing (2) (3)
Residential mortgage warehouse
borrowings (4)
September 2018 -
August 2022
LIBOR + 2.25% to
5.75%
March 2018 -
August 2018
LIBOR + 2.50% to
3.25%
Total asset based debt
Subordinated debt
Preferred notes payable
Total debt, face value
Unamortized discount, net
Unamortized deferred financing costs
Total debt, net
215,000
118,794
250,557
76,000
48,810
167,604
—
—
101,402
351,959
8,500
1,232
356,104
560,691
(191)
(9,832)
(435)
(5,386)
$
346,081
$
554,870
(1) The items previously disclosed for businesses the Company has designated as a discontinued operation or held for sale are disclosed in (4) Dispositions,
Assets Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations.
(2) Asset based revolving financing is generally recourse only to specific assets and related cash flows.
(3) The weighted average coupon rate for asset based revolving financing was 4.17% and 3.53% at December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively.
(4) The weighted average coupon rate for residential mortgage warehouse borrowings was 4.27% and 3.51% at December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016,
respectively.
The table below presents the amount of interest expense the Company incurred on its debt for the following periods:
Interest expense on debt
$
25,597
$
20,913
$
17,132
F- 46
Year Ended December 31,
2016
2015
2017
TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2017
(in thousands, except share data)
The following table presents the future maturities of the unpaid principal balance on the Company’s debt as of:
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
Thereafter
Total
December 31,
2017
$
$
94,676
—
—
—
101,428
160,000
356,104
The following narrative is a summary of certain of the terms of our debt agreements for the years ended December 31, 2017
and December 31, 2016:
Corporate Debt
Secured Corporate Credit Agreements
On June 24, 2016, the Company entered into a Fourth Amendment to the Credit Agreement entered into on September 18, 2013.
The Fourth Amendment provides for additional term loans in an aggregate principal amount of $15,000 and provides the ability
to prepay loans under the Credit Agreement, subject to payment of a make-whole premium until the one year anniversary of the
Fourth Amendment. The obligations under the Credit Agreement are secured by liens on substantially all of the otherwise
unencumbered assets of the Company. The principal amount of the loan is to be repaid in quarterly installments, the amount of
which may be adjusted based on the net leverage ratio (as defined in the Credit Agreement) at the end of each fiscal quarter. The
Credit Agreement is subject to a LIBOR floor of 1.25% and matures on September 22, 2018. Borrowings may not be reborrowed
after principal payments are made. As of December 31, 2017 and 2016, the maximum borrowing capacity under the agreement
was $125,000 and the outstanding balance was $28,500 and $58,500, respectively.
On December 4, 2014, a subsidiary in our specialty insurance business and its subsidiaries entered into an amended and restated
$140,000 secured credit agreement which is secured by liens on substantially all of the assets of the specialty insurance business.
A portion of the proceeds from the Junior Subordinated Notes issued on October 16, 2017 were used to repay this credit facility,
which was terminated thereafter.
On December 21, 2017, a subsidiary in our specialty insurance business entered into a $30,000 revolving line of credit which
bears interest at a rate equal to the 30-day LIBOR rate plus 1.00%. The facility is secured by substantially all the assets of the
subsidiary and matures on December 20, 2018. It contains terms and conditions typical for a transaction of this type, such as
maximum debt incurrence and restricted payments. As of December 31, 2017 the outstanding amount borrowed was $0.
Junior Subordinated Notes
On October 16, 2017, a subsidiary in our specialty insurance business issued $125,000 of 8.50% Fixed Rate Resetting Junior
Subordinated Notes due October 2057. Substantially all of the net proceeds were used to repay the existing secured credit
agreement, which was terminated thereafter. The notes are unsecured obligations of the subsidiary and rank in right of payment
and upon liquidation, junior to all of the subsidiaries current and future senior indebtedness. The notes are not obligations of or
guaranteed by any subsidiaries of the subsidiary, or any other Tiptree entities. So long as no event of default has occurred and
is continuing, all or part of the interest payments on the notes can be deferred on one or more occasions for up to five consecutive
years per deferral period. This credit agreement contains customary Financial covenants that require, among other items,
maximum leverage and limitations on restricted payments under certain circumstances.
Preferred Trust Securities
A subsidiary in our specialty insurance business has $35,000 of preferred trust securities due June 15, 2037. Interest is payable
quarterly. The Company may redeem the preferred trust securities, in whole or in part, at a price equal to the full outstanding
principal amount of such preferred trust securities outstanding plus accrued and unpaid interest.
Asset Based Debt
Asset Backed Revolving Financing
F- 47
TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2017
(in thousands, except share data)
The Company has financed purchases of certain investments in corporate loans with asset-based leverage. These investments
are held in our specialty insurance business. Such borrowings are generally recourse only to the specific investments. Repayment
is based upon a specific maturity date of August 28, 2022 with a maximum borrowings of $150,000. As of December 31, 2017
and 2016, a total of $101,428 and $121,172, respectively, was outstanding under the financing agreement.
The Company has financed purchases of NPLs with asset-based leverage. These investments are held in our specialty insurance
business. Such borrowings are generally recourse only to the specific investments. Repayment is based upon the earlier of
September, 2018 or an amount of approximately 120% of the cash realization events plus an amount dependent on the balance
of the interest reserve account, for a maximum borrowing of $40,000. As of December 31, 2017 and 2016, a total of $11,917
and $27,934, respectively, was outstanding under the financing agreement. The loan is subject to a LIBOR floor of 0.40%.
In addition, our former commercial lending subsidiary had outstanding borrowings which were recourse to the loan portfolio.
Total outstanding borrowings under such facility totaled approximately $93,627 as of December 31, 2016. The loan was subject
to a LIBOR floor of 0.50%. The Company sold this subsidiary on October 1, 2017.
An asset backed revolving borrowing in our specialty insurance premium finance business with a maximum borrowing capacity
of $15,000 matured in April 2017. A new borrowing maturing in April 2019 with an interest rate of LIBOR plus 2.60% and a
maximum borrowing capacity of $25,000 was used to pay off the matured borrowing.
Residential Mortgage Warehouse Borrowings
The Company, through a subsidiary in its mortgage business has three warehouse borrowings with a total borrowing capacity
at December 31, 2017 of $76,000. Such warehouse facilities are recourse to the assets of the subsidiary and are secured by liens
on cash escrow and the loans held for sale in the warehouse. These credit agreements contain customary financial covenants
that require, among other items, minimum amounts of tangible net worth, profitability, maximum indebtedness ratios, and
minimum liquid assets. As of December 31, 2017 and 2016, a total of $48,810 and $48,659, respectively, was outstanding under
such financing agreements.
Luxury has three warehouse borrowings with a total borrowing capacity at December 31, 2017 of $95,000. As of December 31,
2017 and 2016, a total of $53,835 and $52,743, respectively, was outstanding under such financing agreements. At December
31, 2017 the debt for this subsidiary was included within liabilities held for sale.
As of December 31, 2017, the Company is in compliance with the representations and covenants for outstanding borrowings or
has obtained waivers for any events of non-compliance.
(13) Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The Company maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs to the extent possible to
measure a financial instrument’s fair value. Observable inputs reflect the assumptions market participants would use in pricing
an asset or liability, and are affected by the type of product, whether the product is traded on an active exchange or in the
secondary market, as well as current market conditions. To the extent that valuation is based on models or inputs that are less
observable or unobservable in the market, the determination of fair value requires more judgment. In certain cases, the inputs
used to measure fair value may fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy. In such cases, for disclosure purposes, the
level in the fair value hierarchy within which the fair value measurement in its entirety falls is determined based on the lowest
level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety. Fair value is estimated by applying the hierarchy
discussed in Note—(2) Summary of Significant Accounting Policies which prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value into
three levels and bases the categorization within the hierarchy upon the lowest level of input that is available and significant to
the fair value measurement. Accordingly, the degree of judgment exercised by the Company in determining fair value is greatest
for instruments categorized within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.
The Company’s fair value measurement is based primarily on a market approach, which utilizes prices and other relevant
information generated by market transactions involving identical or comparable financial instruments. Sources of inputs to the
market approach include third-party pricing services, independent broker quotations and pricing matrices. Management analyzes
the third party valuation methodologies and its related inputs to perform assessments to determine the appropriate level within
the fair value hierarchy and to assess reliability of values. Further, management has a process in place to review all changes in
fair value that occurred during each measurement period. Any discrepancies or unusual observations are followed through to
F- 48
TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2017
(in thousands, except share data)
resolution through the source of the pricing as well as utilizing comparisons, if applicable, to alternate pricing sources. In addition,
the Company utilizes an income approach to measure the fair value of NPLs, as discussed below.
The Company utilizes observable and unobservable inputs within its valuation methodologies. Observable inputs may include:
benchmark yields, reported trades, broker-dealer quotes, issuer spreads, benchmark securities, bids, offers and reference data.
In addition, specific issuer information and other market data is used. Broker quotes are obtained from sources recognized to
be market participants. Unobservable inputs may include: expected cash flow streams, default rates, supply and demand
considerations and market volatility.
Available for Sale Securities
Available for sale securities are generally classified within either Level 1 or Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy and are based
on prices provided by an independent pricing service and a third party investment manager who provide a single price or quote
per security.
The following details the methods and assumptions used to estimate the fair value of each class of available for sale securities
and the applicable level each security falls within the fair value hierarchy:
U.S Treasury Securities, Obligations of U.S. Government Authorities and Agencies, Obligations of State and Political
Subdivisions, Corporate Securities, Asset-Backed Securities, and Obligations of Foreign Governments: Fair values were obtained
from an independent pricing service and a third party investment manager. The prices provided by the independent pricing
service are based on quoted market prices, when available, non-binding broker quotes, or matrix pricing and fall under Level 2
of the fair value hierarchy.
Certificates of Deposit: The estimated fair value of certificates of deposit approximate carrying value and fall under Level 1 of
the fair value hierarchy.
Equity Securities: The fair values of publicly traded common and preferred stocks were obtained from market value quotations
provided by an independent pricing service and fall under Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy. The fair values of non-publicly
traded common and preferred stocks were based on prices obtained from an independent pricing service using unobservable
inputs and fall under Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.
Loans, at fair value
Corporate Loans (including those of consolidated CLOs): These loans are comprised of a diversified portfolio of middle market
and broadly syndicated leveraged loans and are generally classified within either Level 2 or Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy.
The Company has evaluated each loan’s respective liquidity and has additionally performed valuation benchmarking. The key
characteristics which were evaluated as part of this determination were liquidity ratings, price changes to index benchmarks,
depth of quotes, credit ratings and industry trends.
Mortgage Loans Held for Sale: Mortgage loans held for sale are generally classified as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy and
fair value is based upon forward sales contracts with third party investors, including estimated loan costs, and reserves.
Nonperforming Loans and REO: The Company determines the purchase price for NPLs at the time of acquisition and for each
subsequent valuation by using a discounted cash flow valuation model and considering alternate loan resolution probabilities,
including modification, liquidation, or conversion to REO. The significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement
of our NPLs are discount rates, loan resolution timeline, and the value of underlying properties. The fair values of NPLs which
are making payments (generally based on a modification or a workout plan) are primarily based upon secondary market transaction
prices, which are expressed as a percentage of unpaid principal balance (UPB). Observable inputs to the model include loan
amounts, payment history, and property types. Our NPLs are on nonaccrual status at the time of purchase as it is probable that
principal or interest is not fully collectible. NPLs are included in loans, at fair value and fall under Level 3 of the fair value
hierarchy.
NPLs that have become REOs were measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis during the year ended December 31, 2017
and the year ended December 31, 2016. The carrying value of REOs at December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 was $16,056
and $13,366, respectively. Upon conversion to REO, the fair value is estimated using broker price opinion (BPO). BPOs are
subject to judgments of a particular broker formed by visiting a property, assessing general home values in an area, reviewing
F- 49
TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2017
(in thousands, except share data)
comparable listings, and reviewing comparable completed sales. These judgments may vary among brokers and may fluctuate
over time based on housing market activities and the influx of additional comparable listings and sales. REO is included in other
investments. Subsequent to conversion, REOs are carried at lower of cost or market.
Derivative Assets and Liabilities
Derivatives are comprised of credit default swaps (CDS), index credit default swaps (CDX), interest rate lock commitments
(IRLC), to be announced mortgage backed securities (TBA) and interest rate swaps (IRS). The fair value of these instruments
is based upon valuation pricing models, which represent the amount the Company would expect to receive or pay at the balance
sheet date to exit the position. Prior to final settlement in December 2017, the fair value of CDSs and CDXs were based on
dealer quotes. Because significant inputs, other than unadjusted quoted prices in active markets are used to determine the dealer
quotes, such as price volatility, the Company classified them as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy. The fair value of IRS is based
upon either valuation pricing models, which represent the amount the Company would expect to pay at the balance sheet date
if the contracts were exited, or by obtaining broker or counterparty quotes. Because there are observable inputs used to arrive
at these prices, the Company has classified IRS within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. Our mortgage origination subsidiaries
issue IRLCs to its customers, which are carried at estimated fair value on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet. The
estimated fair values of these commitments are generally calculated by reference to the value of the underlying loan associated
with the IRLC net of costs to produce and an expected fall out assumption. The fair values of these commitments generally
result in a Level 3 classification. Our mortgage origination subsidiaries manage their exposure by entering into forward delivery
commitments with loan investors. For loans not locked with investors under a forward delivery commitment, the Company
enters into hedge instruments, primarily TBAs, to protect against movements in interest rates. The fair values of TBA mortgage
backed securities and forward delivery contracts generally result in a Level 2 classification.
The following tables present the Company’s fair value hierarchies for financial assets and liabilities, including the balances
associated with the consolidated CLOs, measured on a recurring basis:
Assets:
Available for sale securities, at fair value:
Equity securities
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government authorities
and agencies
Obligations of state and political subdivisions
Obligations of foreign governments
Certificates of deposit
Asset backed securities
Corporate securities
Total available for sale securities
Loans, at fair value:
Corporate loans
Mortgage loans held for sale
Non-performing loans
Total loans, at fair value
As of December 31, 2017
Quoted prices
in
active markets
Level 1
Other significant
observable
inputs
Level 2
Significant
unobservable
inputs
Level 3
Fair value
$
541
$
— $
47
$
588
—
—
—
896
—
—
1,437
—
—
—
—
47,945
46,981
570
—
23,493
61,975
180,964
40,925
62,846
—
103,771
—
—
—
—
—
—
47
116,736
—
37,666
154,402
47,945
46,981
570
896
23,493
61,975
182,448
157,661
62,846
37,666
258,173
Equity securities, trading, at fair value
25,536
—
—
25,536
Other investments:
Derivative assets:
Forward delivery contracts
Interest rate lock commitments
TBA mortgage backed securities
Total derivative assets
CLOs
Debentures
Total other investments, at fair value
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
30
—
175
205
—
4,163
4,368
—
4,808
—
4,808
3,409
—
8,217
30
4,808
175
5,013
3,409
4,163
12,585
F- 50
TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2017
(in thousands, except share data)
As of December 31, 2017
Quoted prices
in
active markets
Level 1
Other significant
observable
inputs
Level 2
Significant
unobservable
inputs
Level 3
Fair value
Total
Liabilities:
Derivative liabilities:
TBA mortgage backed securities
Total derivative liabilities (included in other liabilities and accrued
expenses)
Contingent consideration payable
Total
$
$
$
26,973
$
289,103
$
162,666
$
478,742
— $
—
—
— $
117
$
117
—
117
$
— $
—
—
— $
117
117
—
117
Assets:
Available for sale securities, at fair value:
Equity securities
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government authorities
and agencies
Obligations of state and political subdivisions
Obligations of foreign governments
Certificates of deposit
Asset backed securities
Corporate bonds
Total available for sale securities, at fair value
Loans, at fair value:
Corporate loans
Mortgage loans held for sale (1)
Non-performing loans
Other loans receivable
Total loans, at fair value
Equity securities, trading, at fair value
Other investments:
Derivative assets:
Interest rate lock commitments
TBA mortgage backed securities
Credit derivatives
Total derivative assets
CLOs
Debentures
Total other investments, at fair value
As of December 31, 2016
Quoted prices
in
active markets
Level 1
Other significant
observable
inputs
Level 2
Significant
unobservable
inputs
Level 3
Fair value
$
736
$
— $
48
$
784
—
—
—
895
—
—
1,631
—
—
—
—
—
48,612
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
26,799
56,934
728
—
1,460
58,571
144,492
46,352
121,439
—
—
167,791
—
—
1,678
12,598
14,276
—
3,957
18,233
—
—
—
—
—
—
48
129,206
—
74,923
1,169
205,298
—
4,872
—
—
4,872
974
—
5,846
26,799
56,934
728
895
1,460
58,571
146,171
175,558
121,439
74,923
1,169
373,089
48,612
4,872
1,678
12,598
19,148
974
3,957
24,079
Total financial instruments attributable to non-CLOs included in
consolidated assets
50,243
330,516
211,192
591,951
Financial instruments included in assets of consolidated CLOs:
Loans, at fair value
Total financial instruments included in assets of consolidated
CLOs
Total
Liabilities:
Derivative liabilities:
Interest rate swaps (1)
—
—
342,370
585,870
928,240
342,370
585,870
928,240
50,243
$
672,886
$
797,062
$
1,520,191
— $
397
$
— $
397
$
$
F- 51
TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2017
(in thousands, except share data)
As of December 31, 2016
Quoted prices
in
active markets
Level 1
Other significant
observable
inputs
Level 2
Significant
unobservable
inputs
Level 3
Fair value
Forward delivery contracts
TBA mortgage backed securities
Foreign currency forward contracts
Total derivative liabilities (included in other liabilities and
accrued expenses)
Contingent consideration payable
Preferred notes payable
Total financial instruments attributable to Non-CLOs included
in consolidated liabilities
Financial instruments included in liabilities of consolidated CLOs:
Notes payable of CLOs
Total financial instruments included in liabilities of consolidated
CLOs
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
84
269
3
753
—
—
753
—
—
—
—
—
—
1,852
1,232
3,084
84
269
3
753
1,852
1,232
3,837
912,034
912,034
912,034
912,034
Total
$
— $
753
$
915,118
$
915,871
(1) The items previously disclosed for businesses the Company has designated as a discontinued operation or held for sale are disclosed in (4) Dispositions,
Assets Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations.
The following table represents additional information about assets that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis for which
the Company has utilized Level 3 inputs to determine fair value for the following periods:
Balance at January 1,
Net realized gains (losses)
Net unrealized gains (losses)
Origination of IRLC
Purchases
Sales (1)
Issuances
Transfer into Level 3 (2)
Transfer adjustments (out of) Level 3 (2)
Deconsolidation of CLOs due to sale
Conversion to real estate owned
Conversion to mortgage held for sale
Warehouse transfer to CLO
Transfer to assets held for sale
Balance at December 31,
Changes in unrealized gains (losses) included in earnings related to assets
still held at period end
Year Ended December 31,
2017
2016 (3)
Non-CLO
assets
CLO assets
Non-CLO
assets
CLO assets
$
$
$
211,192
8,835
923
73,554
64,718
(102,725)
683
—
(9,089)
2,817
(15,033)
(72,519)
—
(690)
162,666
$
$
$
585,870
(1,668)
89
—
76,123
(193,205)
675
17,601
(23,427)
(462,058)
—
—
—
—
— $
239,944
5,440
5,334
53,083
147,920
(76,196)
2,179
23,184
(18,872)
—
(15,132)
(51,594)
(104,098)
—
211,192
$
$
520,892
159
25,994
—
222,218
(154,524)
2,074
7,619
(142,660)
—
—
—
104,098
—
585,870
3,809
$
— $
3,597
$
16,276
Included within the CLO assets amount are sales related to the liquidation of a consolidated CLO during the year ended December 31, 2017.
(1)
(2) All transfers are deemed to occur at end of period. Transfers between Level 2 and 3 were a result of subjecting third-party pricing on both CLO and Non-
CLO assets to various liquidity, depth, bid-ask spread and benchmarking criteria as well as assessing the availability of observable inputs affecting their
fair valuation.
(3) Items within the Level 3 rollforward have been restated to reflect assets purchased during a period as purchases rather than transfers. The presentation of
gross origination of IRLC’s and gross conversion to mortgage held for sale have also been restated to show the break out from net realized and unrealized
gains and losses, conversion to real estate owned, and transfers out of Level 3 assets. These changes have no impact on the total amount of Level 3 assets.
F- 52
TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2017
(in thousands, except share data)
The following table represents additional information about liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis for
which the Company has utilized Level 3 inputs to determine fair value for the following periods:
Balance at January 1,
Net unrealized (gains) losses
Issuances
Settlements (1)
Dispositions
FV adjustment
Deconsolidation of CLOs due to sale
Balance at December 31,
Changes in unrealized (gains) losses included in earnings related to
liabilities still held at period end
Year Ended December 31,
2017
2016
Non-CLO
liabilities
CLO
liabilities
Non-CLO
liabilities
CLO
liabilities
$
3,084
—
—
(4,838)
—
1,754
—
— $
$
912,034
(1,377)
—
(155,194)
(49,011)
—
(706,452)
— $
2,498
(314)
—
(377)
—
1,277
—
3,084
$
$
683,827
25,823
225,000
—
(22,616)
—
—
912,034
— $
— $
(314) $
53,880
$
$
$
(1)
Included within the CLO liabilities amount are settlements related to the liquidation of a consolidated CLO during the year ended December 31, 2017.
The following is quantitative information about Level 3 significant unobservable inputs used in fair valuation.
Fair Value as of
Actual or Range
(Weighted average)
December 31,
2017
December 31,
2016
Valuation
technique
Unobservable
input(s)
December 31,
2017
December 31,
2016
$
$
4,808
$
4,872
Internal model
Pull through rate
50% - 95%
45% - 95%
37,666
42,474
$
74,923
79,795
Discounted cash
flow
See table below (1)
See table
below
See table
below
Assets
Interest rate lock
commitments
NPLs
Total
(1) Significant changes in any of these inputs in isolation could result in a significant change to the fair value measurement. A decline in the discount rate in
isolation would increase the fair value. A decrease in the housing pricing index in isolation would decrease the fair value. Individual loan characteristics,
such as location and value of underlying collateral, affect the loan resolution timeline. An increase in the loan resolution timeline in isolation would
decrease the fair value. A decrease in the value of underlying properties in isolation would decrease the fair value.
The following table sets forth quantitative information about the significant unobservable inputs used to measure the fair value
of our NPLs. For NPLs that are not making payments, discount rate, loan resolution time-line, value of underlying properties,
holdings costs and liquidation costs are the primary inputs used to measure fair value. For NPLs that are making payments, note
rate and secondary market transaction prices/UPB are the primary inputs used to measure fair value.
Unobservable inputs
Discount rate
Loan resolution time-line (Years)
Value of underlying properties
Holding costs
Liquidation costs
Note rate
Secondary market transaction prices/UPB
As of December 31, 2017
Low
16.0%
0.5
$40
5.3%
8.4%
3.0%
75.5%
Average(1)
23.5%
1.3
$306
7.6%
9.4%
4.8%
83.4%
High
30.0%
2.3
$1,775
22.0%
16.8%
6.0%
88.5%
As of December 31, 2016
Low
16.0%
0.5
$32
5.4%
8.5%
3.0%
75.5%
Average(1)
22.9%
1.2
$234
8.3%
9.6%
4.8%
83.7%
High
30.0%
2.3
$1,800
24.1%
25.0%
6.0%
88.5%
(1) Weighted based on value of underlying properties (excluding the value of underlying properties line item).
F- 53
TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2017
(in thousands, except share data)
Fair Value as of
Actual or Range (Weighted
average)
Liabilities (1)
December 31,
2017
December 31,
2016
Valuation
technique
Unobservable
input(s)
December 31,
2017
December 31,
2016
Forecast EBITDA
$1,300 - $6,400
$951 - $6,005
Contingent
consideration
payable - Reliance (2)
$
Contingent
consideration
payable - Luxury
Preferred notes
payable
— $
1,800
Cash Flow
model (3)
Book value growth
rate
—
—
Asset volatility
Projected cash
available for
distribution
Discount rate
52
Cash Flow
model
Cash Flow
model
1,232
3,084
Total
$
— $
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
5.0%
1.4% - 23.7%
$1,059 - $1,316
12.0%
(1) Not included in this table are the debt obligations of consolidated CLOs, measured and leveled on the basis of the fair value of the (more observable)
financial assets of the consolidated CLOs. See Note—(11) Assets and Liabilities of Consolidated CLOs.
(2) Settled in Q3 2017 with Class A common shares. See Note—(18) Stockholders’ Equity.
(3) Monte Carlo simulation is run, as needed.
The following table presents the carrying amounts and estimated fair values of financial assets and liabilities that are not recorded
at fair value and their respective levels within the fair value hierarchy:
As of December 31, 2017
As of December 31, 2016
Level within
fair value
hierarchy
Fair value
Carrying
value
Level within
fair value
hierarchy
Fair value
Carrying
value
Assets:
Notes and accounts receivable, net
Total assets
Liabilities:
Debt, net
Total liabilities
2
3
$
$
$
$
12,225
12,225
356,537
356,537
$
$
$
$
12,225
12,225
355,913
355,913
2
3
$
$
$
$
24,870
24,870
559,024
559,024
$
$
$
$
24,870
24,870
559,024
559,024
Notes and Accounts Receivable: To the extent that carrying amounts differ from fair value, fair value is determined based on
contractual cash flows discounted at market rates for similar credits. Categorized as Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.
Debt: The carrying value represents the total debt balance at face value excluding the unamortized discount. The fair value of
notes payable is determined based on contractual cash flows discounted at market rates for mortgage notes payable and either
dealer quotes or contractual cash flows discounted at market rates for other notes payable. Categorized as Level 3 of the fair
value hierarchy.
Additionally, the following financial assets and liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets are not carried at fair value, but
whose carrying amounts approximate their fair value:
Loans Owned, at Amortized Cost: The fair value of loans owned, at amortized cost approximates its carrying value because the
interest rates on the loans are based on a variable market interest rate. Categorized as Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.
Cash and Cash Equivalents: The carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents are carried at cost which approximates fair
value. Categorized as Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy.
Accounts and Premiums Receivable, net, retrospective commissions receivable and other receivables: The carrying amounts
approximate fair value since no interest rate is charged on these short duration assets. Categorized as Level 2 of the fair value
hierarchy. See Note—(7) Notes and Accounts Receivable, net.
F- 54
TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2017
(in thousands, except share data)
Due from Brokers, Dealers, and Trustees and Due to Brokers, Dealers and Trustees: The carrying amounts are included in other
assets and other liabilities and accrued expenses and approximate their fair value due to their short term nature. Categorized as
Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.
(14) Liability for Unpaid Claims and Claim Adjustment Expenses
The following tables present undiscounted information about incurred and paid claims development as of December 31, 2017,
net of reinsurance, as well as cumulative claim frequency and the total of incurred-but-not-reported liabilities plus expected
development on reported claims included within the net incurred claims amounts.
This information is presented in the aggregate for all short-duration contracts, due to the commonality of claims characteristics.
The tables reflect three years of information because historically over 99% of incurred losses have been paid within three years
of the accident period.
The information about incurred and paid claims development for the year ended December 31, 2015 is presented as supplementary
information and is unaudited.
Roll forward of Claim Liability
The following table presents the activity in the net liability for unpaid losses and allocated loss adjustment expenses of short-
duration contracts for the following periods:
Year Ended December 31,
$
2017
103,391
(17,417)
(91)
85,883
(63,112)
(208)
22,563
2016
80,663
(19,037)
(116)
61,510
(42,341)
(163)
19,006
103,306
3,347
106,653
84,493
22,254
106,747
22,469
73,778
224
96,471
15,474
58
112,003
$
84,178
(1,599)
82,579
62,989
16,033
79,022
22,563
63,112
208
85,883
17,417
91
103,391
$
$
Policy liabilities and unpaid claims balance as of January 1
Less : liabilities of policy-holder accounts balances, gross
Less : non-insurance warranty benefit claim liabilities
Gross liabilities for unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses
Less : reinsurance recoverable on unpaid losses - short duration
Less : other lines, gross
Net balance as of January 1, short duration
Incurred (short duration) related to:
Current year
Prior years
Total incurred
Paid (short duration) related to:
Current year
Prior years
Total paid
Net balance as of December 31, short duration
Plus : reinsurance recoverable on unpaid losses - short duration
Plus : other lines, gross
Gross liabilities for unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses
Plus : liabilities of policy-holder accounts balances, gross
Plus : non-insurance warranty benefit claim liabilities
Policy liabilities and unpaid claims balance as of December 31,
F- 55
TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2017
(in thousands, except share data)
The following schedule reconciles the total on short duration contracts per the table above to the amount of total losses incurred
as presented in the consolidated statement of operations, excluding the amount for member benefit claims:
Total incurred
Other lines incurred
Unallocated loss adjustment expense
Total losses incurred
Year Ended December 31,
2016
82,579
2017
$ 106,653
$
$
2015
55,427
123
1,763
277
2,094
296
845
$ 108,539
$
84,950
$
56,568
For the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company’s specialty insurance business experienced an increase in prior year case
development of $3,347. This included $2,345 in non-standard auto and $1,466 in warranty. This development was partially
offset by favorable development in its credit lines of business. The warranty and credit lines of business are primarily in
retrospective commission arrangements that cause loss development to minimally impact the operating income of the Company.
For the year ended December 31, 2016, the Company’s specialty insurance business experienced a decrease in prior year case
development of $1,599. This decrease was due to the favorable development in credit lines of business. This development was
partially offset by increased case development of $1,940 in non-standard auto and $1,436 in warranty. The warranty and credit
lines of business are primarily in retrospective commission arrangements that cause loss development to minimally impact the
operating income of the Company.
Incurred and Paid Development
The following table presents information about incurred and paid loss development and average claim duration as of December 31,
2017, net of reinsurance, as well as cumulative claim frequency and the total of incurred-but-not-reported liabilities plus expected
development on reported claims included within the net incurred claims amounts. The cumulative number of reported claims
represents open claims, claims closed with payment, and claims closed without payment. It does not include an estimated count
of unreported claims. The number of claims is measured by claim event. The Company considers a claim that does not result
in a liability as a claim closed without payment.
Incurred Losses and Allocated Loss Adjustment Expenses, Net of Reinsurance
As of December 31, 2017
For the Years Ended December 31,
2015 (1)
2016
2017
$
59,579 $
57,470 $
84,178
Total $
57,588
87,290
103,306
248,184
$
$
$
Total of Incurred-
but-Not-Reported
Liabilities Plus
Expected
Development of
Reported Claims
113
1,592
16,232
Cumulative Number
of Reported Claims
178
255
247
Accident Year
2015
2016
2017
Cumulative Paid Losses and Allocated Loss Adjustment Expenses, Net of Reinsurance
Accident Year
2015
2016
2017
2015 (1)
For the Years Ended December 31,
2016
2017
$
41,578 $
56,445 $
62,989
Total $
All outstanding liabilities before 2015, net of reinsurance
Liabilities for loss and loss adjustment expenses, net of reinsurance
$
(1) - The information presented for 2015 is presented as unaudited supplemental information.
57,130
84,185
84,493
225,808
93
22,469
F- 56
TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2017
(in thousands, except share data)
Duration
The following table presents supplementary information about average historical claims duration as of December 31, 2017 for
short-duration contracts:
Average Annual Percentage Payout of Incurred Claims by Age, Net of Reinsurance
Years
Short duration
Reconciliation of Reserves to Balance Sheet
1
75.4%
2
25.0%
3
1.2%
The following table presents a reconciliation of net outstanding liabilities for unpaid loss and loss adjustment expenses of short-
duration contracts to the balance sheet value of policy liabilities and unpaid claims:
Net outstanding liabilities:
Short duration
Insurance lines other than short-duration
Total liabilities for unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses, net of reinsurance
Reinsurance recoverable on unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses:
Short duration
Other insurance lines
Total reinsurance recoverable on unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses
Total gross liability for unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses
Liabilities of policy-holder accounts balances, gross
Non-insurance warranty benefit claim liabilities
Total policy liabilities and unpaid claims
(15) Other Assets
The following table presents the components of other assets as reported in the consolidated balance sheets:
As of
December 31,
2017
$
$
22,469
33
22,502
73,778
191
73,969
96,471
15,474
58
112,003
Due from brokers
Furniture, fixtures and equipment, net
Prepaid expenses
Accrued interest receivable
Management fee receivable
Other fee receivable
Income tax receivable
Other
Total other assets
As of December 31,
2016
2017
$
$
261
4,304
7,297
2,248
2,247
—
9,588
5,639
31,584
$
$
2,027
5,837
4,743
1,888
4,308
5,022
4,842
2,822
31,489
The items previously disclosed for businesses the Company has designated as a discontinued operation or held for sale are disclosed in (4) Dispositions, Assets
Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations.
The following table presents the depreciation expense related to furniture, fixtures and equipment for the following periods:
Depreciation expense related to furniture, fixtures and equipment
$
2,555
$
2,531
2,098
F- 57
Year Ended December 31,
2016
2015
2017
TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2017
(in thousands, except share data)
(16) Other Liabilities and Accrued Expenses
The following table presents the components of other liabilities and accrued expenses as reported in the consolidated balance
sheets:
Accounts payable and accrued expenses
Deferred tax liabilities, net
Due to brokers
Commissions payable
Accrued interest payable
Escrow payable
Derivative liabilities, at fair value
Other liabilities
Total other liabilities and accrued expenses
As of December 31,
2016
2017
52,032
22,744
8,669
14,185
3,393
6,753
117
13,428
121,321
$
$
60,777
32,296
8,457
7,466
1,533
1,508
753
11,451
124,241
$
$
The items previously disclosed for businesses the Company has designated as a discontinued operation or held for sale are disclosed in (4) Dispositions, Assets
Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations.
(17) Other Revenue and Other Expenses
The following table presents the components of other revenue as reported in the consolidated statement of operations, primarily
comprised of interest income and loan fee income related to both loans at fair value and loans at amortized costs, net, and
management fees from our asset management business:
Year Ended December 31,
2016
2015
2017
Interest income
Loan fee income
Management fee income
Gain on sale of subsidiary (1)
Other
Total other revenue
$
$
16,229
11,602
8,314
1,994
4,136
42,275
$
$
18,809
13,217
9,400
—
1,148
42,574
$
$
12,317
9,373
6,524
—
11,186
39,400
The items previously disclosed for businesses the Company has designated as a discontinued operation or held for sale are disclosed in (4) Dispositions, Assets
Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations.
(1) This is related to the sale of Siena. See (4) Dispositions, Assets Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations.
The following table presents the components of other expenses as reported in the consolidated statement of operations:
Year Ended December 31,
2016
2015
2017
Professional fees
General and administrative
Premium taxes
Mortgage origination expenses
Rent and related
Loss on extinguishment of debt
Other
Total other expense
$
$
16,245
14,800
11,658
8,822
10,379
1,163
11,372
74,439
$
$
21,923
14,567
8,244
8,079
10,115
—
9,648
72,576
$
$
20,471
12,918
4,468
3,960
9,282
—
8,580
59,679
The items previously disclosed for businesses the Company has designated as a discontinued operation or held for sale are disclosed in (4) Dispositions, Assets
Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations.
F- 58
TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2017
(in thousands, except share data)
(18) Stockholders’ Equity
All shares of our Class A common stock have equal rights as to earnings, assets, dividends and voting. Shares of Class B common
stock have the same voting rights as the Class A common stock but no economic rights (including no right to receive dividends
or other distributions upon liquidation, dissolution or otherwise).
TFP owns a warrant to purchase 652,500 shares of Class A common stock at $11.33 per share which is immediately exercisable
and expires on September 30, 2018. Such an exercise would be accounted for as treasury stock held at TFP and would have no
impact on the Company’s financial statements.
In connection with the June 30, 2012 internalization of TFP’s management, TFP issued warrants to acquire 750,000 TFP LP
units at $23.73 per unit, subject to an anti-dilution provision, which is immediately exercisable and expires on June 30, 2022.
As of December 31, 2017 warrant holders had the right to acquire 805,986 TFP LP Units at $21.232 per unit. If the warrant is
exercised, an aggregate of 2,255,149 shares of Class A common stock would be issuable upon exchange of the TFP units.
On June 5, 2017, in settlement of an option, TFP delivered 1,510,920 shares of the Company’s Class A common stock to Tricadia
(a related party) for total consideration of approximately $8,100. These shares were delivered using shares accounted for as
treasury stock.
On June 21, 2017, a subsidiary of the Company purchased 1,000,000 shares of Class A common stock of the Company for
aggregate consideration of $7,300. The shares acquired are accounted for as treasury shares and therefore are not outstanding
for accounting or voting purposes.
On August 10, 2017, the Company settled a contingent consideration payable related to the acquisition of Reliance in 2015 with
756,046 shares of Class A common stock. These shares were delivered from shares accounted for as treasury stock.
The Company declared cash dividends per share for the following periods presented below:
First Quarter
Second Quarter
Third Quarter
Fourth Quarter
Total cash dividends declared
Dividends per share for
Year Ended December 31,
2017
2016
$
$
$
0.030
0.030
0.030
0.030
0.120
$
0.025
0.025
0.025
0.025
0.100
Statutory Reporting and Insurance Company Subsidiaries Dividend Restrictions
The Company's regulated insurance company subsidiaries may pay dividends to our insurance holding company, subject to
statutory restrictions. Payments in excess of statutory restrictions (extraordinary dividends) to our insurance holding company
are permitted only with prior approval of the insurance department of the applicable state of domicile. The Company eliminated
all dividends from its subsidiaries in the consolidated financial statements. The following table presents the dividends paid to
our insurance holding company by its regulated insurance company subsidiaries for the following periods:
Ordinary dividends
Extraordinary dividends
Total dividends
Year Ended December 31,
2017
2016
$
$
— $
—
— $
3,081
532
3,613
The following table presents the combined statutory capital and surplus of the Company's insurance company subsidiaries, the
required minimum statutory capital and surplus, as required by the laws of the states in which they are domiciled, and the
combined amount available for ordinary dividends of the Company's insurance company subsidiaries for the following periods:
F- 59
TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2017
(in thousands, except share data)
Combined statutory capital and surplus of the Company's insurance company subsidiaries
Required minimum statutory capital and surplus
Amount available for ordinary dividends of the Company's insurance company subsidiaries
As of December 31,
2017
105,989
19,200
10,115
$
$
$
2016
100,920
17,200
9,049
$
$
$
At December 31, 2017, the maximum amount of dividends that our regulated insurance company subsidiaries could pay under
applicable laws and regulations without regulatory approval was approximately $10,115. The Company may seek regulatory
approval to pay dividends in excess of this permitted amount, but there can be no assurance that the Company would receive
regulatory approval if sought.
Under the National Association of Insurance Commissioners (NAIC) Risk-Based Capital Act of 1995, a company's Risk-Based
Capital (RBC) is calculated by applying certain risk factors to various asset, claim and reserve items. If a company's adjusted
surplus falls below calculated RBC thresholds, regulatory intervention or oversight is required. The Company's insurance
company subsidiaries' RBC levels, as calculated in accordance with the NAIC’s RBC instructions, exceeded all RBC thresholds
as of December 31, 2017.
The following table presents the net income of the Company’s statutory insurance companies for the following periods:
Year Ended December 31,
2016
2015
2017
Net income of statutory insurance companies
$
9,135
$
12,369
$
10,805
(19) Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
The following table presents the activity in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (AOCI), net of tax, for the following
periods:
Unrealized gains (losses) on
Available for
sale
securities
Interest rate
swaps (1)
Amount attributable to
noncontrolling interests
Total AOCI
TFP
Other
Total AOCI
to Tiptree
Inc.
Balance at December 31, 2014
Other comprehensive (losses) before
reclassifications
Amounts reclassified from AOCI
Period change
Balance at December 31, 2015
Other comprehensive income
(losses) before reclassifications
Amounts reclassified from AOCI
Period change
Balance at December 31, 2016
Other comprehensive income
(losses) before reclassifications
Amounts reclassified from AOCI
Period change
Balance at December 31, 2017
$
$
$
$
(195) $
146
$
(49) $
— $
— $
(49)
(91)
64
(27)
(214)
179
(35)
(305)
243
(62)
—
—
—
—
—
—
(222) $
111
$
(111) $
— $
— $
186
(664)
(478)
1,552
96
1,648
1,738
(568)
1,170
(128)
—
(128)
(376)
—
(376)
(700) $
1,759
$
1,059
$
(128) $
(376) $
522
(282)
240
190
125
315
712
(157)
555
(94)
—
(94)
(50)
—
(50)
(460) $
2,074
$
1,614
$
(222) $
(426) $
(305)
243
(62)
(111)
1,234
(568)
666
555
568
(157)
411
966
(1) Items related to discontinued operations or held for sale have not been removed.
F- 60
TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2017
(in thousands, except share data)
The following table presents the reclassification adjustments out of AOCI included in net income and the impacted line items
on the consolidated statement of operations for the following periods:
Components of AOCI
Unrealized gains (losses) on available for sale securities
Related tax (expense) benefit
Net of tax
Unrealized gains (losses) on interest rate swaps
Related tax (expense) benefit
Net of tax
$
$
$
$
Year Ended December 31,
2015
2016
2017
Affected line item in
consolidated statement of
operations
435
$
1,026
$
(99)
Net realized and unrealized gains
(losses)
(153)
282
$
(362)
664
35 Provision for income tax
(64)
(184) $
(121)
(274) Interest expense
59
(125) $
25
(96)
95 Provision for income tax
(179)
(20) Stock Based Compensation
Equity Plans
2007 Manager Equity Plan
The Care Investment Trust Inc. Manager Equity Plan (Manager Plan) was adopted in June 2007. On June 6, 2017, all of the
134,629 remaining shares of Class A common stock available for issuance under the Manager Plan was rolled into the 2017
Equity Plan and the Manager Plan was simultaneously terminated.
2013 Omnibus Incentive Plan
The Tiptree 2013 Omnibus Incentive Plan (2013 Equity Plan) was adopted on August 8, 2013. On June 6, 2017, the 7,359
remaining shares of Class A common stock available for issuance under the 2013 Equity Plan was rolled into the 2017 Equity
Plan and the 2013 Equity Plan was simultaneously terminated.
2017 Omnibus Incentive Plan
The Company adopted the Tiptree 2017 Omnibus Incentive Plan (2017 Equity Plan) on June 6, 2017, which permits the grant
of stock units, stock, and stock options up to a maximum of 6,100,000 shares of Class A common stock. The general purpose
of the 2017 Equity Plan is to attract, motivate and retain selected employees and directors for the Company and its subsidiaries,
to provide them with incentives and rewards for performance and to better align their interests with the interests of the Company’s
stockholders. Unless otherwise extended, the 2017 Equity Plan terminates automatically on June 6, 2027. The table below
summarizes changes to the issuances under the Company’s 2013 and 2017 Equity Plan for the periods indicated:
2013 Equity Plan
Available for issuance as of December 31, 2014
Awards issued and granted
Awards forfeited
Available for issuance as of December 31, 2015
Awards issued and granted
Available for issuance as of December 31, 2016
Awards granted
Awards rolled into 2017 Equity Plan
Available for issuance as of December 31, 2017
2017 Equity Plan
Available for issuance as of December 31, 2016
Available from 2017 Equity Plan (1) (2)
Awards granted
Available for issuance as of December 31, 2017
(1) Excludes awards granted under the Company’s subsidiary incentive plans that are exchangeable for Tiptree Class A common stock.
F- 61
Number of
shares (1)
1,930,979
(354,978)
6,338
1,582,339
(620,689)
961,650
(954,291)
(7,359)
—
Number of
shares (1)
—
6,100,000
(82,988)
6,017,012
TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2017
(in thousands, except share data)
(2) Includes remaining awards from Manager Plan and 2013 Equity Plan.
Restricted Stock Units (RSUs)
Generally, the Tiptree RSUs vest and become nonforfeitable with respect to one-third of Tiptree shares granted on each of the
first, second and third anniversaries of the date of the grant, and expensed using the straight-line method over the requisite
service period.
The following table summarizes changes to the issuances of Class A common stock and RSUs under the 2017 Equity Plan for
the periods indicated:
Unvested units as of December 31, 2014
Granted
Vested
Forfeited
Unvested units as of December 31, 2015
Granted
Vested
Unvested units as of December 31, 2016
Granted (1)
Vested
Unvested units as of December 31, 2017
Number of
shares issuable
12,126
143,599
(21,064)
(6,338)
128,323
369,452
(197,958)
299,817
466,652
(167,587)
598,882
Weighted
average grant
date fair value
7.18
7.68
7.51
6.88
7.68
5.71
6.13
6.27
6.60
6.43
6.48
$
$
$
(1) Includes grants of 39,164 shares of Class A common stock to directors.
The Company values RSUs at their grant-date fair value as measured by Tiptree’s common stock price. Included in vested shares
for 2017 are 16,716 shares surrendered to pay taxes on behalf of the employees with shares vesting. During the year ended
December 31, 2017, the Company granted 427,488 RSUs to employees of the Company. 142,175 shares vest ratably over a
period of three years that began in February 2017 and the remaining 285,313 shares will cliff vest in February 2020.
Subsidiary Incentive Plans
Certain of the Company’s subsidiaries have established RSU programs under which they are authorized to issue RSUs or their
equivalents, representing equity of such subsidiaries to certain of their employees. Such awards are accounted for as equity.
These RSUs are subject to performance-vesting criteria based on the performance of the subsidiary (performance vesting RSUs)
and time-vesting subject to continued employment (time vesting RSUs). Following the service period, such vested RSUs may
be exchanged at fair market value, at the option of the holder, for Tiptree Class A common stock under the 2017 Equity Plan.
The Company has the option, but not the obligation to settle the exchange right in shares or cash.
F- 62
TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2017
(in thousands, except share data)
The following table summarizes changes to the issuances of subsidiary RSU’s under the subsidiary incentive plans for the periods
indicated:
Unvested balance as of December 31, 2014
Granted
Unvested balance as of December 31, 2015
Granted
Vested
Fair value adjustment
Unearned
Unvested balance as of December 31, 2016
Granted
Vested
Grant value adjustment (1)
Performance Assumption Adjustment
Unearned
Unvested balance as of December 31, 2017
Grant date fair
value of equity
shares issuable
—
$
874
874
7,339
(97)
119
(146)
8,089
2,669
(2,436)
(210)
680
—
8,792
$
$
The vested and unvested balance translates to 2,334,492 shares of Class A common stock if converted as of December 31, 2017.
(1) Due to the approval of the 2017 Equity Plan, the Company changed the classification of the subsidiary RSU’s during the year ended December 31, 2017
from liability to equity awards because the Company expects to settle these awards in stock.
Stock Options
Option awards have been granted to the Executive Committee with an exercise price equal to the fair market value of our common
stock on the date of grant. The option awards have a 10-year term and are subject the recipient’s continuous service, a market
requirement, and vest one third on each of the third, fourth and fifth anniversary of the grant date. Options granted during the
year ended December 31, 2016 contained a market requirement that, at any time during the option term, the 20-day volume
weighted average stock price must exceed the December 31, 2015 book value per share. Options granted in 2017 contained a
market requirement that, at any time during the option term, the 20-day volume weighted average stock price plus the sum of
actual cash dividends paid must exceed the December 31, 2016 as exchanged book value per share. The market requirement
may be met any time before the option expires and it only needs to be met once for the option to remain exercisable for the
remainder of its term. If the service condition is met, the full amount of the compensation expense will be recognized over the
appropriate vesting period whether the market requirement is met or not.
The fair value option grants are estimated on the date of grant using a Black-Scholes-Merton option pricing formula embedded
within a Monte Carlo model used to simulate the future stock prices of the Company, which assumes that the market requirement
is achieved. Historical volatility was computed based on historical daily returns of the Company’s stock between the grant date
and July 1, 2013, the date of the business combination through which Tiptree became a public company. The valuation is done
under a risk-neutral framework using the 10-year zero-coupon risk-free interest rate derived from the Treasury Constant Maturities
yield curve on the grant date. The current quarterly dividend rates in effect as of the date of the grant are used to calculate a spot
dividend yield as of the date of grant for use in the model.
The following table presents the assumptions used to estimate the fair values of the stock options granted for the following
period:
Valuation Input
Historical volatility
Risk-free rate
Dividend yield
Expected term (years)
Assumption
Year Ended December 31, 2017
Average
N/A
47.20%
2.44%
1.80%
N/A
N/A
6.5
F- 63
TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2017
(in thousands, except share data)
The following table presents the Company's stock option activity for the current period:
Balance, December 31, 2015
Granted
Balance, December 31, 2016
Granted
Balance, December 31, 2017
Weighted
average
exercise price
(in dollars per
stock option)
Weighted
average grant
date value (in
dollars per
stock option)
Options
outstanding
Options
exercisable
— $
— $
251,237
251,237
570,627
821,864
$
$
5.69
5.69
6.65
6.36
$
$
—
2.62
2.62
2.91
2.82
—
—
—
—
—
Weighted average remaining contractual term at December 31,
2017 (in years)
8.8
Stock-based Compensation Expense
The following table presents total stock-based compensation expense and the related income tax benefit recognized on the
consolidated statements of operations:
Year Ended December 31,
2016
2017
2015
Employee compensation and benefits
Professional fees (1)
Income tax benefit
Net stock-based compensation expense
$
6,560
$
2,441
$
—
(2,316)
4,244
$
143
(912)
1,672
$
$
304
133
(154)
283
(1) Professional fees consist of the value of restricted stock units and options granted to our Executive Chairman providing services to the Company under
the TSA. See (21) Related Party Transactions.
Additional information on total non-vested stock-based compensation is as follows:
Unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested awards
Weighted - average recognition period (in years)
(21) Related Party Transactions
As of December 31,
2017
Stock options
Restricted
stock awards
and RSUs
$
1,643
$
2.9
7,871
1.4
On June 30, 2012, TAMCO, TFP and Tricadia Holdings LP (Tricadia) entered into the Transition Services Agreement (TSA) in
connection with the internalization of the management of the Company. Pursuant to the TSA, in 2017, Tricadia provides the
Company with the services of its Executive Chairman and office space and in 2016, information technology services as well as
the 2017 services. Payments to Tricadia for the services of our Executive Chairman are included in employee compensation and
benefits.
Payments under the TSA in the year ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 were not material.
See Note 18—Stockholder’s Equity for information on the settlement of an option with a related party.
F- 64
TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2017
(in thousands, except share data)
(22) Income Taxes
The Company’s provision (benefit) for income taxes is reflected as a component of income (loss) from continuing and
discontinued operations and consists of the following:
Year Ended December 31,
2016
2015
2017
Current tax expense (benefit):
Federal
State
Total current tax expense (benefit)
Deferred tax expense (benefit):
Federal
State
Total deferred tax (benefit)
Total income tax expense (benefit) from continuing operations
Income tax (benefit) from discontinued operations
Total tax expense (benefit)
$
$
$
(1,559) $
246
(1,313)
6,268
455
6,723
(13,755)
2,506
(11,249)
(12,562) $
6,736
(944)
5,792
12,515
(2,224)
(14,786) $
(1,537)
10,978
$
$
$
20,008
2,350
22,358
(21,633)
(1,478)
(23,111)
(753)
17,527
16,774
The Company accounts for its income taxes receivable or payable on a gross basis with offsetting permitted for balances booked
by a filing entity in a single jurisdictional basis. The Company’s income taxes receivable as of December 31, 2017 of $9,588 is
offset with an income tax payable balance of $1,142, resulting in a consolidated net receivable of $8,446. The Company’s income
taxes receivable as of December 31, 2016 were $4,842 offset with an income tax payable balance of $1,617 resulting in a
consolidated net receivable of $3,225.
The Company’s primary tax jurisdiction is the United States, which currently has a statutory income tax rate equal to 35%. On
December 22, 2017, the U.S. government enacted Public Law no. 115-97, commonly referred to as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act
(Tax Act), which, among other things, reduces the federal income tax rate from 35% to 21% effective January 1, 2018, and
requires mandatory deemed repatriation of foreign earnings. As a result of the Tax Act, we re-measured our net deferred tax
liabilities and recognized a net tax benefit of $15,238. We estimate that our 2018 consolidated effective tax rate will be between
24% and 26%. We do not expect a significant near-term impact on cash paid for taxes, nor any impact from the mandatory
deemed repatriation, as the Company does not have significant foreign operations.
The Company also operates in several state jurisdictions that have an average combined statutory rate equal to
approximately 6.0%. Both the U.S. federal rate and the state statutory rates are before the consideration of rate reconciling items.
A reconciliation of the expected federal income tax expense on income from continuing operations using the 35% federal statutory
income tax rate to the actual income tax expense and resulting effective income tax rate is as follows for the periods indicated
below:
F- 65
TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2017
(in thousands, except share data)
Income (loss) before income taxes from continuing operations
Federal statutory income tax rate
Expected federal income tax expense at 35%
Effect of change in U.S. federal tax rate effective 2018
Effect of Reliance contingent liability valuation
Effect of state income tax expense, net of federal benefit
Effect of permanent differences
Effect of changes in valuation allowance
Effect of change in tax status
Effect of deferred true-ups
Effect of income (loss) allocated to non-controlling interests
Effect of return-to-accrual and other items
Tax (benefit) on income from continuing operations
Year Ended December 31,
2016
49,140
$
$
$
2017
(3,330)
35.0%
(1,166)
(15,238)
1,018
219
(144)
2,314
—
(5)
(400)
840
$ (12,562)
35.0%
17,199
—
446
(18)
228
(641)
(4,044)
118
(380)
(393)
12,515
$
$
2015
(2,904)
35.0%
(1,016)
—
(637)
(48)
58
(1,142)
—
(897)
2,331
598
(753)
Effective tax rate
377.2%
25.5%
25.9%
For the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company’s effective tax rate on income from continuing operations was equal
to 377.2%, which does not bear a customary relationship to statutory income tax rates. The effective tax rate for the year ended
December 31, 2017 is higher than the U.S. statutory income tax rate of 35.0% primarily due to the $15,238 discrete tax benefit
of the U.S. federal tax law change and resulting revaluation of the net deferred tax liability, partially offset by an increase in the
valuation allowance on certain deferred tax assets and the impact of the Reliance contingent liability revaluation.
For the year ended December 31, 2016, the Company’s effective tax rate on income from continuing operations was equal
to 25.5%, which does not bear a customary relationship to statutory income tax rates. The effective tax rate for the year ended
December 31, 2016 is lower than the U.S. statutory income tax rate of 35.0% primarily due to $4,044 of discrete tax benefits
for the period, primarily related to the tax restructuring that resulted in a consolidated corporate tax group effective January 1,
2016.
For the year ended December 31, 2015, the Company’s effective tax rate on income from continuing operations was equal to
25.9%, which does not bear a customary relationship to statutory income tax rates. The effective tax rate for the year ended
December 31, 2015 is lower than the U.S. statutory income tax rate of 35.0%, primarily due to taxable losses allocated to non-
controlling interests, offset by a decrease in the valuation allowance on certain deferred tax assets, state tax benefits, and other
permanent items.
F- 66
TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2017
(in thousands, except share data)
The table below presents the components of the Company’s net deferred tax assets and liabilities as of the respective balance
sheet dates:
Deferred tax assets:
Net operating loss carryforwards
Unrealized losses
Accrued expenses
Unearned premiums
Deferred revenue
Other deferred tax assets
Total deferred tax assets
Less: Valuation allowance
Total net deferred tax assets
Deferred tax liabilities:
Property
Unrealized gains
Other deferred tax liabilities
Deferred acquisition cost
Advanced commissions
Intangibles
Total deferred tax liabilities
Net deferred tax liability
As of December 31,
2016
2017
$
$
20,018
4,647
3,059
11,300
4,682
2,007
45,713
(4,303)
41,410
6,504
4,700
769
32,423
14,265
5,493
64,154
22,744
$
$
22,741
8,513
6,790
15,326
5,899
3,669
62,938
(1,991)
60,947
5,845
10,855
363
46,425
16,438
13,317
93,243
32,296
As of January 2016, Tiptree has established a U.S. federal consolidated income tax group and as such files on a consolidated
basis, with certain exceptions such a Fortegra life insurance company and Luxury. Tiptree consolidated, and certain subsidiaries
on a separate basis, file returns in various state jurisdictions, and as such may have state tax obligations. Additionally, as needed
the Company will take all necessary steps to comply with any income tax withholding requirements.
As of December 31, 2017, the Company had total U. S. Federal net operating loss carryforwards (NOLs) of $65.8 million arising
from continuing operations. The following table presents the U.S. Federal NOLs by tax year of expiration:
Tax Year of Expiration
2026
2027
2028
2029
2030
2031
2032
2033
2034
2035
2036
2037
Total
December 31, 2017
$
$
86
568
246
286
149
150
189
182
1,893
1,629
47,537
12,889
65,804
In addition to the U.S. Federal NOL, Tiptree and its subsidiaries have NOLs in various state jurisdictions totaling $6.2 million.
Valuation allowances have been established for net operating loss carryforwards and other deferred tax assets generated by
Luxury, and certain state NOLs of $3,764, since management has concluded it is more likely than not they will expire unutilized
based on existing positive and negative evidence. Management believes it is more likely than not the remaining NOLs and
deferred tax assets will be utilized prior to their expiration dates. As a result of this assessment, as of December 31, 2017, the
total consolidated valuation allowance for Tiptree was $4,303. As of December 31, 2016, the consolidated valuation allowance
F- 67
TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2017
(in thousands, except share data)
for Tiptree was $1,991. In 2017, the Company recorded a net increase in its valuation allowances equal to $2,312, compared
with an increase in its valuation allowance of $1,026 in 2016.
As of December 31, 2017, the Company had no material unrecognized tax benefits or accrued interest and penalties. This is
consistent with the tax years ending December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015 as well. Federal tax years 2014 through 2017
were open for examination as of December 31, 2017.
(23) Commitments and Contingencies
Contractual Obligations
The table below summarizes the Company’s contractual obligations by period that payments are due:
Operating lease obligations (1)
Total
As of December 31, 2017
Less than
one year
1-3 years
3-5 years
More than 5
years
Total
$
$
4,599
4,599
$
$
15,043
15,043
$
$
8,861
8,861
$
$
11,342
11,342
$
$
39,845
39,845
(1) Minimum rental obligations for Tiptree, Luxury, Reliance and Fortegra office leases.
The following table presents rent expense for the Company’s office leases recorded on the consolidated statements of operations:
Year Ended December 31,
2016
2015
2017
Rent expense for office leases
$
6,816
$
6,322
$
5,721
In August 2017, Tiptree entered into a lease for office space. The terms of the lease are $2,322 per annum for five years starting
on the one year anniversary of the commencement date. Upon the six year anniversary of the commencement date, the lease
escalates to $2,520 per annum for five years. The expected commencement date is July 1, 2018.
Litigation
The Company is a defendant in Mullins v. Southern Financial Life Insurance Co., which was filed in February 2006, in the Pike
Circuit Court, in the Commonwealth of Kentucky. A class was certified in June 2010. At issue is the duration or term of coverage
under certain disability and life credit insurance policies. The action alleges violations of the Consumer Protection Act and
certain insurance statutes, as well as common law fraud and seeks compensatory and punitive damages, attorney fees and interest.
To date, the court has not awarded sanctions in connection with Plaintiffs’ April 2012 Motion for Sanctions. In January 2015,
the trial court issued an Order denying the Company’s motion to decertify the class, which was upheld on appeal. Following a
February 2017 hearing, the court denied the Company’s Motion for Summary Judgment as to certain disability insurance policies.
In January 2018, the court vacated its November 2017 order granting Company’s Motion for Summary Judgment as to the life
certificates at issue with leave to refile. No trial or additional hearings are currently scheduled.
The Company considers such litigation customary in the insurance industry. In management's opinion, based on information
available at this time, the ultimate resolution of such litigation, which it is vigorously defending, should not be materially adverse
to the financial position of the Company. It should be noted that large punitive damage awards, bearing little relation to actual
damages sustained by plaintiffs, have been awarded in certain states against other companies in the credit insurance business.
At this time, the Company cannot estimate a range of loss that is reasonably possible.
The Company and its subsidiaries are parties to other legal proceedings in the ordinary course of business. Although the
Company’s legal and financial liability with respect to such proceedings cannot be estimated with certainty, the Company does
not believe that these proceedings, either individually or in the aggregate, are likely to have a material adverse effect on the
Company’s financial position.
F- 68
TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2017
(in thousands, except share data)
(24) Earnings Per Share
The Company calculates basic net income per Class A common share based on the weighted average number of Class A common
shares outstanding (inclusive of vested restricted share units). The unvested restricted share units have the non-forfeitable right
to participate in dividends declared and paid on the Company’s common stock on an as vested basis and are therefore considered
a participating security. The Company calculates basic earnings per share using the “two-class” method, and for the year ended
December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, the income available to common stockholders was allocated to the unvested
restricted stock units.
Diluted net income per Class A common shares for the period includes the effect of potential equity of subsidiaries as well as
potential Class A common stock, if dilutive. For the year ended December 31, 2015 the assumed exercise of all dilutive instruments
were anti-dilutive, and therefore, were not included in the diluted net income per Class A common share calculation.
The following table presents a reconciliation of basic and diluted net income per common share for the following periods:
Year Ended December 31,
2016
2015
2017
Net income (loss) from continuing operations
$
9,232
$
36,625
$
(2,151)
Less:
Net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests
Net income allocated to participating securities
Net income (loss) from continuing operations attributable to Tiptree Inc. Class A common
shares
2,603
123
8,370
252
(1,715)
—
6,506
28,003
(436)
Net income (loss) from discontinued operations
(3,998)
(4,287)
10,953
Less:
Net income (loss) from discontinued operations attributable to non-controlling interests
Net income allocated to participating securities
(973)
(56)
(1,352)
(28)
Net income (loss) from discontinued operations attributable to Tiptree Inc. Class A common
shares
(2,969)
(2,907)
Net income (loss) attributable to Tiptree Inc. Class A common shares - basic
$
3,537
$
25,096
$
Effect of Dilutive Securities:
Securities of subsidiaries
Adjustments to income relating to exchangeable interests, net of tax
(128)
736
(279)
—
4,738
—
6,215
5,779
—
—
Net income (loss) attributable to Tiptree Inc. Class A common shares - diluted
$
4,145
$
24,817
$
5,779
Weighted average number of shares of Tiptree Inc. Class A common stock outstanding -
basic
29,134,190
31,721,449
33,202,681
Weighted average number of incremental shares of Tiptree Inc. Class A common stock
issuable from exchangeable interests and contingent considerations
8,172,442
45,225
—
Weighted average number of shares of Tiptree Inc. Class A common stock outstanding -
diluted
37,306,632
31,766,674
33,202,681
Basic:
Net income (loss) from continuing operations
Net income (loss) from discontinued operations
Net income (loss) attributable to Tiptree Inc. Class A common shares
Diluted:
Net income (loss) from continuing operations
Net income (loss) from discontinued operations
Net income (loss) attributable to Tiptree Inc. Class A common shares
$
$
$
$
0.22
(0.10)
0.12
0.21
(0.10)
0.11
$
$
$
$
0.88
(0.09)
0.79
0.86
(0.08)
0.78
$
$
$
$
(0.01)
0.18
0.17
(0.01)
0.18
0.17
F- 69
TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2017
(in thousands, except share data)
(25) Summarized Quarterly Information (Unaudited)
Total revenues
Total expenses
Total other income
Income (loss) before taxes from continuing operations
Less: provision (benefit) for income taxes
Net income (loss) from continuing operations
Income (loss) before taxes from discontinued operations
Less: Provision (benefit) for income taxes
Net income (loss) from discontinued operations
Net income (loss) before non-controlling interests
Less: net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests
Net income (loss) attributable to Tiptree Inc. Class A common
stockholders
Net (loss) income per Class A common share:
Basic, continuing operations, net
Basic, discontinued operations, net
Basic earnings per share
Diluted, continuing operations, net
Diluted, discontinued operations, net
Diluted earnings per share
2017 (1)
First
Quarter
Second
Quarter
Third
Quarter
Fourth
Quarter
$
146,189
146,066
3,915
4,038
1,568
2,470
$
$
139,245
147,045
2,895
(4,905)
(1,305)
(3,600)
144,936
151,414
2,583
(3,895)
(1,541)
(2,354)
151,428
151,060
1,064
1,432
(11,284)
12,716
(1,530)
(402)
(1,128)
1,342
242
(2,294)
(570)
(1,724)
(5,324)
(881)
(1,535)
(511)
(1,024)
(3,378)
(264)
(863)
(741)
(122)
12,594
2,533
1,100
$
(4,443) $
(3,114) $
10,061
0.07
(0.03)
0.04
0.06
(0.03)
0.03
$
$
$
$
(0.11) $
(0.04)
(0.15) $
(0.11) $
(0.04)
(0.15) $
(0.08) $
(0.03)
(0.11) $
(0.08) $
(0.03)
(0.11) $
0.34
(0.01)
0.33
0.32
(0.01)
0.31
$
$
$
$
$
$
Weighted average number of Class A common shares:
Basic
Diluted
28,424,824
36,749,956
28,832,975
28,832,975
29,455,462
29,455,462
29,804,802
37,853,831
(1) Certain previously reported amounts have been recasted to reflect the impact of discontinued operations.
F- 70
TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2017
(in thousands, except share data)
Total revenues
Total expenses
Total other income
Income (loss) before taxes from continuing operations
Less: provision (benefit) for income taxes
Net income (loss) from continuing operations
Income (loss) before taxes from discontinued operations
Less: Provision (benefit) for income taxes
Net income (loss) from discontinued operations
Net income (loss) before non-controlling interests
Less: net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests
Net income (loss) attributable to Tiptree Inc. Class A common
stockholders
Net (loss) income per Class A common share:
Basic, continuing operations, net
Basic, discontinued operations, net
Basic earnings per share
Diluted, continuing operations, net
Diluted, discontinued operations, net
Diluted earnings per share
2016 (1)
First
Quarter
Second
Quarter
Third
Quarter
Fourth
Quarter
$
$
$
116,848
109,119
1,105
8,834
(1,301)
10,135
117,542
110,253
4,912
12,201
3,921
8,280
116,465
108,474
4,032
12,023
3,532
8,491
155,568
149,691
10,205
16,082
6,363
9,719
(3,859)
(1,138)
(2,721)
7,414
1,859
(1,155)
104
(1,259)
7,021
888
(473)
180
(653)
7,838
1,933
(337)
(683)
346
10,065
2,338
5,555
$
6,133
$
5,905
$
7,727
0.21
(0.05)
0.16
0.20
(0.04)
0.16
$
$
$
$
0.20
(0.02)
0.18
0.20
(0.03)
0.17
$
$
$
$
0.22
(0.02)
0.20
0.21
(0.02)
0.19
$
$
$
$
0.26
0.01
0.27
0.24
0.01
0.25
$
$
$
$
$
$
Weighted average number of Class A common shares:
Basic
Diluted
34,976,485
35,084,505
34,456,096
34,528,977
29,143,470
37,230,650
28,374,850
36,630,783
(1) Certain previously reported amounts have been recasted to reflect the impact of discontinued operations.
F- 71
(26) Subsequent Events
The sale of our senior living operations was completed on February 1, 2018. The Company received approximately 16.6 million
shares with an estimated fair value of $134.1 million at the time of sale, which gives the Company an ownership of approximately
34% of the acquiring company at the time of sale. These shares will be held at fair value within equity securities, trading, at fair
value. The pre-tax gain on the sale, was approximately $44.3 million, which will primarily be classified as a gain on sale from
discontinued operations.
On March 13, 2018, the Company’s board of directors declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.03 per share to Class A stockholders
with a record date of March 26, 2018, and a payment date of April 2, 2018.
F- 72
Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure
Not applicable.
Item 9A. Controls and Procedures
(a) Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
The Company’s management, with the participation of its Executive Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial
Officer, have evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as
defined in Rule 13a-15(e) or 15d-15(e) of the Exchange Act) as of December 31, 2017. Based upon that evaluation, the Company’s
Executive Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls
and procedures were effective as of December 31, 2017.
The Company is committed to maintaining a strong internal control environment which is accompanied by management’s ongoing
focus on processes and related controls to achieve accurate and reliable financial reporting. However, all systems of internal
control, no matter how well designed, have inherent limitations. Therefore, even those systems deemed to be effective can provide
only reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement preparation and presentation. Projections of the effectiveness of
internal control to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions,
or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
(b) Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is
defined in Rule 13a-15(f) of the Exchange Act. The Company conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of its internal control
over financial reporting based upon the framework established in the Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by
the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”).
Our internal control over financial reporting includes policies and procedures that pertain to the maintenance of records that, in
reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect transactions and dispositions of assets; provide reasonable assurances that
transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with U.S. generally accepted
accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures are made only in accordance with the authorization of management and
the Boards of Directors of the Company; and provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized
acquisition, use, or disposition of the Company’s assets that could have a material effect on our financial statements.
If the Company identifies any material weaknesses, the COSO Framework does not allow the Company to conclude that our
internal control over financial reporting is effective. A material weakness is a deficiency, or combination of deficiencies, in
internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of the Company’s
annual or interim consolidated financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis.
Based upon its assessment, management concluded that the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December
31, 2017 was effective using the COSO Framework.
The effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2017 has been audited by Deloitte
& Touche LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm that audited the Company’s consolidated financial statements
as of and for the year ended December 31, 2017, as stated in their report, included in Item 8 of this Form 10-K, which expresses
an unqualified opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2017.
(c) Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There were no changes in internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under
the Exchange Act) during the three months ended December 31, 2017 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to
materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
Item 9B. Other Information
None.
56
PART III
Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance
Information concerning our executive officers is incorporated herein by reference to information included in the Proxy Statement for
the Company’s 2018 Annual Meeting of Stockholders.
Information with respect to our directors and the nomination process is incorporated herein by reference to information included in
the Proxy Statement for the Company’s 2018 Annual Meeting of Stockholders.
Information regarding our audit committee and our audit committee financial experts is incorporated herein by reference to information
included in the Proxy Statement for the Company’s 2018 Annual Meeting of Stockholders.
Information required by Item 405 of Regulation S-K is incorporated herein by reference to information included in the Proxy Statement
for the Company’s 2018 Annual Meeting of Stockholders.
Item 11. Executive Compensation
Information with respect to executive compensation is incorporated herein by reference to information included in the Proxy
Statement for the Company’s 2018 Annual Meeting of Stockholders.
Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters
Information with respect to security ownership of certain beneficial owners and management is incorporated herein by reference to
information included in the Proxy Statement for the Company’s 2018 Annual Meeting of Stockholders.
Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence
Information with respect to such contractual relationships and independence is incorporated herein by reference to the information in
the Proxy Statement for the Company’s 2018 Annual Meeting of Stockholders.
Item 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services
Information with respect to principal accounting fees and services and pre-approval policies are incorporated herein by reference to
information included in the Proxy Statement for the Company’s 2018 Annual Meeting of Stockholders.
PART IV
Item 15. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules
The following documents are filed as a part of this Form 10-K:
(a)(1) All Financial Statements
Index to Financial Statements:
Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2017 and 2016
Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(a)(2) Financial Statement Schedules
Page
F- 5
F- 6
F- 7
F- 8
F- 10
F- 12
Schedule II—“Condensed Financial Information of Registrant”, is filed as part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K and should
be read in conjunction with the financial statements and notes thereto contained in Item 8—“Financial Statements and
Supplementary Data.”
57
All other financial statements and financial statement schedules for which provision is made in the applicable accounting
regulations of the SEC are not required under the related instruction, are not material or are not applicable and, therefore, have
been omitted.
(a)(3) Exhibits
Exhibit
No.
Description
Fourth Articles of Amendment and Restatement of the Registrant, effective July 1, 2013 (previously filed as
Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-33549), filed on July 2, 2013 and
herein incorporated by reference).
Fourth Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Registrant (previously filed as Exhibit 3.2 to the Registrant’s
Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-33549), filed on January 4, 2017 and herein incorporated by
reference).
Articles Supplementary of the Registrant, dated December 29, 2014 (previously filed as Exhibit 3.1 to the
Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-33549), filed on December 29, 2014 and herein
incorporated by reference).
Articles of Amendment of the Registrant, effective as of December 30, 2016 (previously filed as Exhibit 3.1 to
the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-33549), filed on January 4, 2017 and herein
incorporated by reference).
Form of Certificate for Class A Common Stock (previously filed as Exhibit 4.1 to the Registrant’s Current
Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-33549), filed on January 4, 2017 and herein incorporated by reference.
Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement of Tiptree Operating Company, LLC, dated July
1, 2013 (previously filed as Exhibit 4.2 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-33549),
filed on July 2, 2013 and herein incorporated by reference).
First Amendment to the Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement of Tiptree Operating
Company, LLC, dated January 1, 2016 (previously filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on
Form 8-K (File No. 001-33549), filed on January 7, 2016 and herein incorporated by reference).
Registration Rights Agreement, dated July 1, 2013, between the Registrant and Tiptree Financial Partners, L.P.
(previously filed as Exhibit 4.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-33549), filed on
July 2, 2013 and herein incorporated by reference).
Registration Rights Agreement by and between the Registrant and Tiptree Financial Partners, L.P., dated as of
March 16, 2010 (previously filed as Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No.
001-33549), filed on March 16, 2010 and herein incorporated by reference).
Warrant to Purchase Common Stock, dated as of September 30, 2008 (previously filed as Exhibit 10.2 to the
Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-33549), filed on October 2, 2008 and herein
incorporated by reference).
Registrant’s 2017 Omnibus Incentive Plan (previously filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Form S-8
Registration Statement (File No. 333-218827), filed on June 19, 2017 and herein incorporated by reference).**
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
10.1
10.2
10.3
Form of Non-Qualified Stock Option Agreement under the Registrant’s 2017 Omnibus Incentive Plan **
10.4
Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement under the Registrant’s 2017 Omnibus Incentive Plan (annual vesting).
**
58
Exhibit
No.
Description
10.5
Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement under the Registrant’s 2017 Omnibus Incentive Plan (cliff vesting). **
10.6
Form of Indemnification Agreement (previously filed as Exhibit 10.9 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement
on Form S-11, as amended (File No. 333-141634), filed on June 7, 2007 and herein incorporated by reference).
10.7
10.8
10.9
10.1
10.11
10.12
10.13
10.14
10.15
10.16
16.1
Transition Services Agreement, dated as of June 30, 2012, among Tiptree Asset Management Company, LLC,
Tricadia Holdings, L.P. and Tiptree Operating Company, LLC (as assignee of Tiptree Financial Partners, L.P.)
(previously filed as Exhibit 10.6 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (File No. 001-33549), filed
on August 13, 2013 and herein incorporated by reference).
Credit Agreement, dated as of September 18, 2013, between Tiptree Operating Company, LLC and Fortress
Credit Corp. as Lender, Administrative Agent, Collateral Agent and Lead Arranger (previously filed as Exhibit
10.1 to Form 8-K (File No. 001-33549), filed September 20, 2013 and herein incorporated by reference).
First Amendment to Credit Agreement, dated January 26, 2015, by and among Tiptree Operating Company,
LLC, Fortress Credit Corp. as Administrative Agent, Collateral Agent and Lead Arranger, and the lenders party
thereto (previously filed as Exhibit 10.1 to Form 8-K (File No. 001-33549), filed January 27, 2015 and herein
incorporated by reference).
Second Amendment to Credit Agreement, dated August 3, 2015, by and among Tiptree Operating Company,
LLC, Fortress Credit Corp. as Administrative Agent, Collateral Agent and Lead Arranger, and the lenders party
thereto (previously filed as Exhibit 10.1 to Form 8-K (File No. 001-33549), filed August 7, 2015 and herein
incorporated by reference).
Third Amendment to Credit Agreement, dated January 14, 2016, by and among Tiptree Operating Company,
LLC, Fortress Credit Corp. as Administrative Agent, Collateral Agent and Lead Arranger, and the lenders party
thereto (previously filed as Exhibit 10.1 to Form 8-K (File No. 001-33549), filed January 14, 2016 and herein
incorporated by reference).
Fourth Amendment to Credit Agreement, dated June 24, 2016, by and among Tiptree Operating Company, LLC,
Fortress Credit Corp. as Administrative Agent, Collateral Agent and Lead Arranger, and the lenders party
thereto (previously filed as Exhibit 10.1 to Form 8-K (File No. 001-33549), filed June 24, 2016 and herein
incorporated by reference).
Stock Purchase Agreement, dated June 23, 2016, by and among Caroline Holdings LLC, the Registrant, New
York Marine and General Insurance Company, Gotham Insurance Co., South West Marine & General Insurance
Co. and ProSight Specialty Insurance Group, Inc. (previously filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Current
Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-33549), filed on June 23, 2016 and herein incorporated by reference).
Stock Purchase Agreement, dated September 14, 2016, by and among Caroline Holdings LLC, the Registrant
and Nomura Securities Co., Ltd. (previously filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-
K (File No. 001-33549), filed on September 14, 2016 and herein incorporated by reference).
Stock Purchase Agreement, dated June 21, 2017, by and among Caroline Holdings LLC, the Registrant and
Nomura Securities Co., Ltd. (previously filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K
(File No. 001-33549), filed on June 23, 2017 and herein incorporated by reference).
Purchase Agreement, dated as of November 16, 2017, by and among Mainstreet Health Investments Inc. (now
Invesque Inc.), Mainstreet Health Holdings, LP (now Invesque Holdings, LP) and Tiptree Operating Company,
LLC (previously filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-33549),
filed on November 17, 2017 and herein incorporated by reference).
Letter of KPMG, dated May 10, 2017 addressed to the Securities and Exchange Commission regarding change
in certifying accountant (previously filed as Exhibit 16.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K/A
(File No. 001-33549), filed on May 10, 2017 and herein incorporated by reference).
59
Exhibit
No.
Description
21.1
23.1
23.2
31.1
31.2
31.3
32.1
32.2
32.3
Subsidiaries of the Registrant (filed herewith).
Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (filed herewith).
Consent of KPMG LLP (filed herewith)
Certification of Executive Chairman pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (filed herewith).
Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (filed herewith).
Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (filed herewith).
Certification of Executive Chairman pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (furnished
herewith).
Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (furnished
herewith).
Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (furnished
herewith).
101.INS XBRL Instance Document*
101.SCH XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document*
101.CAL XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document*
101.LAB XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document*
101.PRE XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document*
101.DEF XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document*
* Attached as Exhibit 101 to this Annual Report on Form 10-K are the following materials, formatted in XBRL (eXtensible
Business Reporting Language): (i) the Consolidated Balance Sheets (audited) for December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016,
(ii) the Consolidated Statements of Operations (audited) for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, (iii) the
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (audited) for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, (iv) the
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity (audited) for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015,
(v) the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (audited) for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 and (vi) the
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (audited).
** Denotes a management contract or compensatory plan, contract or arrangement.
Item 16. Form 10-K Summary
None.
60
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, Tiptree Inc. has duly caused this
Report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
Date:
March 14, 2018
Tiptree Inc.
By:/s/ Jonathan Ilany
Jonathan Ilany
Chief Executive Officer
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this Report has been signed by the following persons on
behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated:
Signature
Title
Date
/s/ Jonathan Ilany
Jonathan Ilany
/s/ Sandra Bell
Sandra Bell
/s/ Timothy Schott
Timothy Schott
/s/ Michael G. Barnes
Michael G. Barnes
/s/ Paul M. Friedman
Paul M. Friedman
/s/ Lesley Goldwasser
Lesley Goldwasser
/s/ John E. Mack
John E. Mack
/s/ Bradley E. Smith
Bradley E. Smith
Chief Executive Officer and
Director
(Principal Executive Officer)
Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial Officer)
Principal Accounting Officer
(Principal Accounting Officer)
March 14, 2018
March 14, 2018
March 14, 2018
Executive Chairman and Director
March 14, 2018
March 14, 2018
March 14, 2018
March 14, 2018
March 14, 2018
Director
Director
Director
Director
61
Schedule II — Condensed Financial Information of Registrant
TIPTREE INC.
PARENT COMPANY ONLY CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
(All Amounts in Thousands)
Revenues
Interest income(1)
Other income
Total revenues
Expenses
Other expenses
Total expenses
Equity in earnings (losses) of subsidiaries, net of tax(1)
Income (loss) before taxes from continuing operations
Less: provision (benefit) for income taxes
Net income (loss) from continuing operations
Discontinued operations:
Income from discontinued operations, net of tax and non-controlling interest
Gain on sale of discontinued operations, net of tax and non-controlling interest
Discontinued operations, net of tax and non-controlling interest
Net income (loss) attributable to Tiptree Inc. Class A common stockholders
(1) Eliminated in consolidation
Years Ended December 31,
2015
2016
2017
$
$
$
$
417
5
422
—
—
$
29
—
29
—
—
—
118
118
31
31
6,370
29,111
(9,051)
6,792
163
6,629
29,140
885
$ 28,255
(3,025)
—
(3,025)
3,604
(2,935)
—
(2,935)
$ 25,320
(8,964)
(8,528)
(436)
(3,009)
9,224
6,215
5,779
$
$
TIPTREE INC.
PARENT COMPANY ONLY CONDENSED BALANCE SHEETS
(All Amounts in Thousands)
Assets
Investment in subsidiaries (1)
Cash and cash equivalents
Notes receivable(1)
Other assets
Total assets
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
Other liabilities
Total liabilities
Stockholders' Equity
Preferred stock: $0.001 par value, 100,000,000 shares authorized, none issued or outstanding
Common stock - Class A: $0.001 par value, 200,000,000 shares authorized, 35,0003,004 and
34,983,616 shares issued and outstanding, respectively
Common stock - Class B: $0.001 par value, 50,000,000 shares authorized, 8,049,029 and 8,049,029
shares issued and outstanding, respectively
Additional paid-in capital
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax
Retained earnings
Class A common stock held by subsidiaries, 5,197,551 and 6,596,000 shares, respectively
Class B common stock held by subsidiaries, 8,049,029 and 8,049,029 shares, respectively
Total stockholders’ equity
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity
(1)
Eliminated in consolidation
62
As of December 31,
2017
2016
$ 300,916
565
5,306
9,304
$ 316,091
$ 286,349
—
5,306
3,015
$ 294,670
$ 16,014
$ 16,014
$
$
1,239
1,239
$
— $
35
—
35
8
295,582
966
38,079
(34,585)
(8)
300,077
$ 316,091
8
297,391
555
37,974
(42,524)
(8)
293,431
$ 294,670
TIPTREE INC.
PARENT COMPANY ONLY CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(All Amounts in Thousands)
Operating Activities:
Net income (loss) attributable to Tiptree Inc. Class A common stockholders
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities
Equity in earnings of subsidiaries(1)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities
Changes in other operating assets and liabilities
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities
Financing Activities:
Dividends paid
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period
Cash paid for income taxes
(1)
Eliminated in consolidation
Note 1. Basis of Presentation
Years Ended December 31,
2015
2016
2017
$
3,604
$ 25,320
$
5,779
(3,345)
(26,176)
2,836
3,805
4,064
(3,499)
(3,499)
565
—
565
3,669
$
$
4,030
3,174
(3,191)
(3,191)
(17)
17
— $
(5,566)
3,049
(3,313)
(3,313)
(264)
281
17
14
$ 20,510
$
$
Tiptree Inc. (Tiptree or the Company) is a Maryland Corporation that was incorporated on March 19, 2007. Tiptree is a holding
company that combines a specialty insurance platform with investment management expertise. Tiptree’s principal operating subsidiary
is a leading provider of specialty insurance underwriting products and services. Tiptree also allocates its capital across private operations
and investments which we refer to as Tiptree Capital. Today, Tiptree Capital consists of asset management operations, mortgage
operations and other investments. Tiptree’s Class A common stock is traded on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “TIPT”.
Tiptree’s primary asset is its ownership of Tiptree Financial Partners, L.P. (TFP) an intermediate holding company through which
Tiptree operates its businesses.
Pursuant to the terms discussed in Note—(12) Debt, net in the notes to consolidated financial statements, a secured corporate credit
agreement of a subsidiary of TFP restricts the ability to pay or make any dividend or distribution to Tiptree Inc. In addition, certain
other subsidiaries activity are regulated, or subject to specific restriction on transfers as a result of financing arrangements. As a result
of these restrictions, these Condensed Financial Statements of the Registrant have been prepared in accordance with Rule 12-04 of
Regulation S-X, as restricted net assets of the Company's subsidiaries (as defined in Rule 4-08(e)(3) of Regulation S-X) exceed 25%
of the Company's consolidated net assets as of December 31, 2017.
The Company is a holding company without any operations of its own. These condensed financial statements have been prepared on
a "parent-only" basis. Under a parent-only presentation, the Parent Company's investments in subsidiaries are presented under the
equity method of accounting. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in
accordance with U.S. GAAP have been condensed or omitted. Stock-based compensation expense associated with equity incentive
awards issued by the Parent Company and the related tax effects are recorded at the subsidiary level where the employees provide
the services. The accompanying condensed financial information should be read in conjunction with the Tiptree, Inc. consolidated
financial statements and related Notes thereto.
Note 2. Dividends Received
The Company received dividends of $3,499, $3,191, and $23,559 for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively.
63