Titan Pharmaceuticals Inc.
Annual Report 2013

Plain-text annual report

UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION Washington, D.C. 20549 FORM 10-K (Mark One) x ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2013 or ¨ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the transition period from to . Commission file number 000-27436 TITAN PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) Delaware (State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization) 400 Oyster Point Blvd., Suite 505, South San Francisco, California (Address of principal executive offices) 94-3171940 (I.R.S. Employer Identification Number) 94080 (Zip code) Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (650) 244-4990 Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: None Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: Common Stock, $0.001 par value Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ¨ No x Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act. Yes ¨ No x Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to the filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No ¨ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). x Yes ¨ No Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (§ 229.405 of this chapter) is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. x Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer”, “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one): Large accelerated filer Accelerated filer Large accelerated filer Non-accelerated filer ¨ ¨ Accelerated filer ¨ Smaller Reporting Company x Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ¨ No x The aggregate market value of the 80,607,286 shares of voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates of the registrant based on the closing price on June 30, 2013 was $37.1 million. As of March 24, 2014, 89,052,722 shares of common stock, $0.001 par value, of the registrant were issued and outstanding. DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE: NONE PART I NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS Statements in this Annual Report on Form 10-K or in the documents incorporated by reference herein may contain “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Reference is made in particular to the description of our plans and objectives for future operations, assumptions underlying such plans and objectives and other forward-looking terminology such as “may,” “expects,” “believes,” “anticipates,” “intends,” “expects,” “projects,” or similar terms, variations of such terms or the negative of such terms. Forward-looking statements are based on management’s current expectations. Actual results could differ materially from those currently anticipated due to a number of factors, including but not limited to, uncertainties relating to financing and strategic agreements and relationships; difficulties or delays in the regulatory approval process; uncertainties relating to sales, marketing and distribution of our drug candidates that may be successfully developed and approved for commercialization; adverse side effects or inadequate therapeutic efficacy of our drug candidates that could slow or prevent product development or commercialization; dependence on third party suppliers; the uncertainty of protection for our patents and other intellectual property or trade secrets; and competition. We expressly disclaim any obligation or undertaking to release publicly any updates or revisions to any forward-looking statements contained herein to reflect any change in our expectations or any changes in events, conditions or circumstances on which any such statement is based. References herein to “we,” “us,” “Titan,” and “our company” refer to Titan Pharmaceuticals, Inc. unless the context otherwise requires. Probuphine® and ProNeura™ are trademarks of our company. This Annual Report on Form 10-K also includes trade names and trademarks of companies other than Titan. Item 1. Business Overview We are a specialty pharmaceutical company developing proprietary therapeutics for the treatment of serious medical disorders. Our product development programs focus primarily on important pharmaceutical markets with significant unmet medical needs and commercial potential. We are directly developing our product candidates and also utilize corporate, academic and government partnerships as appropriate. Such collaborations have helped to fund product development and have enabled us to retain significant economic interest in our products. Our principal asset is Probuphine®, the first slow release implant formulation of buprenorphine in development for the long term maintenance treatment of opioid dependence. It is designed to maintain a stable, around the clock blood level of the medicine in patients for six months following a single treatment. Upon completion of the Phase 3 clinical studies of Probuphine, we participated in a pre- NDA meeting with the FDA, and subsequently prepared and submitted the NDA in October 2012. On April 30, 2013, the FDA issued a complete response letter to our NDA stating that it cannot approve the application in its present form and outlining the FDA’s request for additional clinical data demonstrating adequate clinical benefit to patients from this treatment, data from human factors testing of the training program for insertion and removal of the implants, as well as recommendations regarding product labeling, Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy (“REMS”) and non-clinical safety data. We are committed to addressing these issues and have been working diligently with our commercialization partner in the United States and Canada, Braeburn Pharmaceuticals Sprl (“Braeburn”), and a team of proven, expert clinical and regulatory advisors with experience in assisting companies through similar regulatory processes. Following a meeting with the FDA on November 19, 2013 and subsequent discussions, we and Braeburn have agreed in principle with the FDA on a path forward, which along with other steps includes conducting an additional clinical study that is designed to provide a non-inferiority comparison of treatment with a dose of four Probuphine implants in stable patients undergoing maintenance treatment with 8mg or less per day of an FDA approved sublingual formulation of buprenorphine. The clinical study protocol has been submitted for FDA review and further details of the study and implementation plans will be available after completion of the FDA review. Pursuant to our license agreement with Braeburn, as amended to date (the “Agreement”), we are entitled to receive a $15 million milestone payment upon FDA approval of the Probuphine NDA and royalties on net sales ranging from the mid-teens to the low twenties. The Agreement also provides for up to $165 million in sales milestones and $35 million in regulatory milestones and entitles us to low single digit royalties on sales by Braeburn, if any, of future products in the addiction market. 2 Probuphine is the first product to utilize ProNeura™, our novel, proprietary, continuous drug delivery technology. Our ProNeura technology has the potential to be used in developing products for the treatment of other chronic conditions, such as Parkinson’s disease, where maintaining stable, around the clock blood levels of a dopamine agonist may benefit the patient and improve medical outcomes. We are currently evaluating drugs and disease settings for opportunities to develop this drug delivery technology for other potential treatment applications in situations where conventional treatment is limited by variability in blood drug levels and poor patient compliance. We do not currently have the financial resources to pursue these research and development programs beyond an initial stage and are dependent on our ability to secure the requisite financing, either through payments from Braeburn under the Agreement in the event the Probuphine NDA is approved or through other arrangements. We operate in only one business segment, the development of pharmaceutical products. Our Products Probuphine We are developing Probuphine for the maintenance treatment of opioid dependence. Probuphine is the first product specifically designed for the long-term treatment of opioid dependence and it utilizes ProNeura, our novel, proprietary, long-term drug delivery technology. See “Continuous Drug Delivery Technology (ProNeura)” below. Upon subdermal insertion in a patient, Probuphine is designed to release medication continuously and maintain a stable, around the clock blood level of the drug buprenorphine, an approved agent in a daily dosed formulation for the treatment of opioid dependence. If approved, Probuphine is expected to provide six months of medication following a single treatment. Probuphine has been evaluated in the following Phase 3 clinical studies: • • • Two six-month, double-blind, placebo-controlled safety and efficacy trials; one of which included an open label, active control (Suboxone). In both studies, Probuphine demonstrated superiority to placebo implants, and in the second study, established non- inferiority in comparison to Suboxone; Two six-month, open-label re-treatment safety trials; and A pharmacokinetic (relative bioavailability) safety study. The goal of any therapy for an addictive disorder is to reduce the use of the addictive substance over time and to engage the patient in treatment long enough for therapeutic gains to be consolidated. In a clinical study, the effectiveness of a treatment for opioid dependence is primarily evaluated by testing a patient’s urine samples for the presence of illicit opioids over the treatment period. In both placebo-controlled Phase 3 studies of Probuphine, every participant was required to provide urine samples three times a week, essentially on alternate days. Any missed sample was considered a positive result (i.e. urine testing positive for illicit opioid). In these studies, the primary effectiveness of the treatment with Probuphine (i.e. the primary endpoint) was established by comparing the negative urine results (i.e. urine testing negative for illicit opioid) between the Probuphine and placebo arms using a statistical technique, specifically ‘the cumulative distribution function of negative urines’, which basically performs a comparative analysis on the relative proportions of negative urines between treatment groups over the time period of treatment. The patients in the Probuphine arm showed statistically significant difference in the negative urines as compared to the placebo arm in both studies, i.e. the Probuphine patients had statistically more negative results than the placebo arm, demonstrating that the treatment with Probuphine was successful in reducing their usage of illicit opioids as compared to the treatment with placebo. These favorable results for Probuphine were also confirmed by a significant difference over the placebo arm in other secondary measures such as retention in treatment, withdrawal symptoms and craving for opioids, all of which are monitored by clinicians to see if a treatment is providing benefit to the patients. Results for the first double-blind, placebo-controlled safety and efficacy study have been published in the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA, October 2010) and results of the follow-on randomized three arm study with Probuphine, placebo and sublingual treatment have been published in the journal Addiction (Addiction, September 2013). Patients who completed the controlled studies were eligible for enrollment in the six-month re-treatment studies, which provided data on up to one full year of treatment. The pharmacokinetic safety study has provided important data on the level of buprenorphine in the blood during the treatment period and gives a good profile of the safety of Probuphine. Data from all of these studies was presented at several scientific meetings, including the International Society of Addiction Medicine Annual Meetings in November 2008 and September 2011, the American Society of Addiction Medicine Annual Meetings in May 2009 and 2012, American Society of Addiction Medicine Education Forum in October 2011, and the American College of Neuropharmacology in November 2009 and 2012. These studies are part of a registration directed program intended to obtain marketing approval of Probuphine for the treatment of opioid dependence in the U.S. and in Europe. We met with the FDA in October 2011 for a pre-NDA meeting and reviewed the clinical development program as well as the chemistry, manufacturing and controls (“CMC”) aspects of the NDA. Based on this interaction we completed the requirements for an NDA and subsequently prepared and submitted the NDA in October 2012. On April 30, 2013, the FDA issued a complete response letter to our NDA stating that it cannot approve the application in its present form and outlining the FDA’s request for additional clinical data demonstrating adequate clinical benefit to patients from this treatment, data from human factors testing of the training program for insertion and removal of the implant, as well as recommendations regarding product labeling, REMS and non-clinical safety data. We are committed to addressing these issues and have been working diligently with our partners at Braeburn along with a team of proven, expert clinical and regulatory advisors with experience in assisting companies through similar regulatory processes. Following a meeting with the FDA on November 19, 2013 and subsequent discussions, we and Braeburn have agreed in principle with the FDA on a path forward, which along with other steps includes conducting an additional clinical study that is designed to provide a non-inferiority comparison of treatment with a dose of four Probuphine implants in stable patients undergoing maintenance treatment with 8mg or less per day of an FDA approved sublingual formulation of buprenorphine. The clinical study protocol has been submitted for FDA review and further details of the approved sublingual formulation of buprenorphine. The clinical study protocol has been submitted for FDA review and further details of the study including size and the data analysis plan, and implementation plans will be available after completion of the FDA review. 3 Continuous Drug Delivery Technology (ProNeura) Our continuous drug delivery system consists of a small, solid rod made from a mixture of ethylene-vinyl acetate (“EVA”) and a drug substance. The resulting product is a solid matrix that is placed subdermally, normally in the upper arm in a simple office procedure, and is removed in a similar manner at the end of the treatment period. The drug substance is released continuously through the process of dissolution. This results in a steady rate of release similar to intravenous administration. We believe that such long-term, linear release characteristics are desirable by avoiding peak and trough level dosing that may pose problems for many disease settings. Our ProNeura technology was developed to address the need for a simple, practical method to achieve continuous long-term drug delivery, and potentially can provide treatment on an outpatient basis over extended periods of up to 6-12 months. This technology has been validated with the successful results to date with Probuphine, and if approved, its potential commercialization in the future is likely to further strengthen the appeal of this continuous drug delivery system. We continue to seek opportunities to develop this drug delivery technology for other potential treatment applications in which conventional treatment is limited by variability in blood drug levels and poor patient compliance (e.g. treatment of Parkinson disease with dopamine agonists). During 2012, with the support of an SBIR grant, we completed a non-clinical study with long-term delivery of dopamine agonists which supports the potential to develop an implant delivering ropinirole for treating Parkinson’s disease. We have also worked with scientific collaborators on delivering other therapeutic substances, including peptides, in non- clinical testing. Additional non-clinical testing will be required to develop an optimal formulation and evaluating toxicity prior to any clinical testing, however, with the limited resources available at the present time, only preliminary formulation development work can be done over the next year. Once adequate capital is available we can advance these projects into clinical testing. Fanapt ® (iloperidone) Fanapt (iloperidone) is an atypical antipsychotic approved by the FDA for the treatment of schizophrenia currently being marketed by Novartis in the U.S. Under a sublicense agreement with Novartis, we are entitled to a royalty of 8-10% of net sales, based on a U.S. patent that we licensed from Sanofi-Aventis. The U.S. patent expires in October 2016 (excluding a six-month pediatric extension). Vanda Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (“Vanda”) owns the development and commercialization rights to the oral and depot formulations of this product for the rest of the world. However, because patent coverage on the compound has now expired in the significant markets outside of the U.S. and no patent term extensions are possible since the product was not approved in these countries prior to patent expiration, we do not expect any royalties on any future sales in such markets. We have entered into several agreements with Deerfield, which entitle Deerfield to most of the future royalty revenues related to Fanapt in exchange for cash and debt considerations, the proceeds of which have been used to advance the development of Probuphine and for general corporate purposes. We have retained a portion of the royalty revenue from net sales of Fanapt in excess of specified annual threshold levels; however, based on sales levels to date, it is unlikely that we will ever receive any revenue from Fanapt. We do not incur any ongoing expenses associated with this product. License Agreements In December 2012, we entered into the Agreement with Braeburn pursuant to which we granted Braeburn an exclusive right and license to commercialize Probuphine in the United States of America and its territories, including Puerto Rico, and Canada (the “Territory”). Under the Agreement, Braeburn made a non-refundable up-front license fee payment of $15.75 million and agreed to pay us tiered royalties on net sales of Probuphine ranging from the mid-teens to the low twenties. Additionally, the Agreement provided for us to receive $45 million upon FDA approval of the NDA for Probuphine and at such time ownership of the NDA will transfer to Braeburn, as well as up to an additional $130 million upon the achievement of specified sales milestones and up to $35 million in regulatory milestones. We will retain all of the rights to Probuphine outside the Territory. Unless earlier terminated, the Agreement will expire on the later of (i) the 15th anniversary of the date of product launch in the Territory or (ii) the expiration of the last to expire patent in the Territory covered by the Agreement (the “Term”). Either party may terminate the Agreement prior to the expiration of the Term in the event of a material breach by the other party that remains uncured or in the event of the other party’s bankruptcy. We may terminate the Agreement if, for reasons other than force majeure, regulatory, safety, manufacturing or product quality issues, Braeburn discontinues commercial sale of the product and fails to resume sales within 30 days following notice or in the event Braeburn or any of its affiliates or sublicensees commences any legal proceeding seeking to challenge or dispute the validity or ownership of the licensed patents. Braeburn may terminate the Agreement in the event that Braeburn, notwithstanding good faith efforts to do so, is unable to enter into an agreement for the supply of EVA or if such a supply agreement is terminated by Braeburn due to a material breach by the supplier or the supplier fails to provide EVA to Braeburn for a period of at least three months. Braeburn may also terminate the Agreement (i) on a country by country basis upon six months’ notice following the occurrence of any “significant competition” in such country, as such term is defined in the Agreement; (ii) immediately upon notice if Braeburn determines in good faith that it is inadvisable to continue commercialization as a result of any actual or perceived safety issues. 4 In May 2013, we entered into an amendment to the Agreement (the “Amendment”) primarily to modify certain of the termination provisions of the Agreement. The Amendment gives Braeburn the right to terminate the Agreement in the event that (A) after May 28, 2013, based on written or oral communications from or with the FDA, Braeburn reasonably determines either that the FDA will require significant development to be performed before approval of the Probuphine™ NDA can be given, such as, but not limited to, one or more additional controlled clinical studies with a clinical efficacy endpoint, or substantial post-approval commitments that may materially impact the products financial returns or that the FDA will require one or more changes in the proposed label, which change(s) Braeburn reasonably determines will materially reduce the authorized prescribed patient base, or (B) the NDA has not been approved by the FDA on or before June 30, 2014. The Amendment also provides that we will share in legal and consulting expenses in excess of a specified amount prior to approval of the NDA. In July 2013, we entered into a second amendment to the Agreement (the “Second Amendment”) primarily to establish and provide the parameters for a committee comprised of representatives of Titan and Braeburn responsible for and with the authority to make all decisions regarding the development and implementation of a strategic plan to seek approval from the FDA of Probuphine® for subdermal use in the maintenance treatment of adult patients with opioid dependence, including development of the strategy for all written and oral communications with the FDA. The Second Amendment also makes Braeburn the primary contact for FDA communications regarding the Probuphine NDA. In November 2013, we entered into a stock purchase agreement pursuant to which Braeburn made a $5 million equity investment in our company and a third amendment to the Agreement (the “Third Amendment”) primarily to modify the amount and timing of the approval and sales milestone payments payable under the Agreement. Under the Third Amendment, we are entitled to receive a $15 million payment upon FDA approval of the NDA, up to $165 million in sales milestones and $35 in regulatory milestones. In addition, we are entitled to receive a low single digit royalty on sales by Braeburn, if any, of other continuous delivery treatments for opioid dependence as defined in the Third Amendment and can elect to receive a low single digit royalty on sales by Braeburn, if any, of other products in the addiction market in exchange for a similar reduction in the Company’s royalties on Probuphine. In January 1997, we acquired an exclusive worldwide license under U.S. and foreign patents and patent applications relating to the use of iloperidone for the treatment of psychiatric and psychotic disorders and analgesia from Sanofi-Aventis SA (“Sanofi-Aventis”) (formerly Hoechst Marion Roussel, Inc.). The Sanofi-Aventis agreement provides for the payment of royalties on future net sales. In November 1997, we granted a worldwide sublicense, exclusive of Japan, to Novartis under which Novartis continued, at its expense, all further development of iloperidone. In April 2001, that sublicense was extended to include Japan. Under this agreement, Novartis agreed to pay Titan a royalty on future net sales of the product equal to 8% of annual worldwide net sales up to $200 million and 10% of annual worldwide net sales above $200 million, in addition to royalty payments owed by us to Sanofi-Aventis. In June 2004, Novartis granted Vanda the worldwide rights to develop and commercialize iloperidone. In October 2009, Vanda and Novartis amended and restated their sub-license agreement whereby Novartis acquired the U.S. and Canadian rights to commercialize Fanapt, the oral formulation of iloperidone approved in the U.S. Novartis also acquired the U.S. and Canadian development and commercialization rights to the depot formulation previously under development by Vanda and retained the right of first negotiation to co-market Fanapt and the depot formulation in the rest of the world. All of our rights and economic interests in iloperidone, including royalties on sales, remained essentially unchanged under these agreements and, as previously stated, we have entered into several agreements with Deerfield, which entitle Deerfield to the future royalty revenues related to Fanapt in exchange for cash and debt considerations. In July 2005, we entered into an agreement with the University of Iowa Research Foundation. Under this agreement, we received an exclusive worldwide license to patent rights held by the University of Iowa Research Foundation covering the methods of treating biofilm formation, pseudomonas aeruginosa growth, human deficiency virus, and intracellular pathogens and pathogens causing chronic pulmonary infection using gallium maltolate. Under this agreement, we are required to pay a license issuance fee and certain minimum annual royalty payments. In addition, we are required to pay royalties based on net sales of products and processes incorporating the licensed technology. We will evaluate the utility of this license with respect to future product development programs and take action as appropriate. 5 Patents and Proprietary Rights Four patent applications have been filed which incorporate the use of specific compounds with the continuous delivery technology, including three applications related to Probuphine for the potential treatment of opioid addiction and chronic pain. In June 2010, the United States Patent and Trademark Office (“USPTO”) issued a patent covering methods of using Probuphine for the treatment of opiate addiction. Titan is the owner of this patent which claims a method for treating opiate addiction with a subdermally implanted device comprising buprenorphine and EVA, a biocompatible copolymer that releases buprenorphine continuously for extended periods of time. This patent will expire in April 2024. Patents covering use of Probuphine for the treatment of opiate addiction have also issued in Australia, India, Japan, Mexico and New Zealand. Further prosecution of Probuphine applications is currently proceeding at the USPTO and corresponding agencies in Europe, Canada, India and Hong Kong. Patents covering certain dopamine agonist implants have already been issued or allowed in Europe, Japan, Australia, Canada, South Korea, Mexico, New Zealand, South Africa, and Hong Kong, while prosecution of the patent application continues in the U.S., Israel, India, Japan, and China. We have filed additional patent applications for a heterogenous implant designed with some unique properties that may provide benefits to the structural integrity of the implants and potentially enhance drug delivery. We hold a license from Sanofi-Aventis under certain issued U.S. patents and certain issued foreign patents relating to iloperidone and its methods of use in the treatment of psychiatric disorders, psychotic disorders and analgesia. The term of the U.S. patent that covers certain aspects of our iloperidone product expires in October 2016, excluding a six month extension possible if an approval of pediatric indication is obtained. We are the licensee from the University of Iowa Research Foundation (“UIRF”) of two issued U.S. patents (expiring in 2016) relating to methods of use of gallium compounds to inhibit the growth of P. aeruginosa, and the treatment of infections by pathogens causing chronic pulmonary infection. We are also the licensee from UIRF of certain rights to patent applications covering the use of gallium complexes in preventing and also treating bacterial biofilm-based infections, for which patents have issued in Australia, Japan, Mexico, New Zealand, and South Africa, and prosecution in the U.S., Canada, Europe, China, Hong Kong, and India continues. Competition The pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries are characterized by rapidly evolving technology and intense competition. Many companies of all sizes, including major pharmaceutical companies and specialized biotechnology companies, are engaged in the development and commercialization of therapeutic agents designed for the treatment of the same diseases and disorders that we target. Many of our competitors have substantially greater financial and other resources, larger research and development staff and more experience in the regulatory approval process. Moreover, potential competitors have or may have patents or other rights that conflict with patents covering our technologies. For risks we face with respect to competition, see “Risk Factors—We face intense competition.” With respect to Probuphine, Reckitt Benckiser Group, PLC (“Reckitt”) markets globally a sublingual buprenorphine product (tablet and film formulations) for the treatment of opioid dependence. This product (Subutex®, Suboxone®) which is administered daily, will compete with our six-month implantable product for treating opioid dependence. In September 2012, Reckitt announced the discontinuation of the sublingual tablet formulation of Suboxone in favor of the sublingual film formulation which they will continue to market aggressively. In addition, during 2013, several generic and a proprietary sublingual tablet formulations of buprenorphine similar to Suboxone and Subutex were approved by the FDA which are expected to compete in the opioid addiction treatment market. Other forms of buprenorphine are also in development by other companies, including intramuscular injections, buccal delivery and intranasally delivered buprenorphine, which also might compete with our product. In 2010, Alkermes, Inc. received FDA approval to market Vivitrol®, a one month depot injection of naltrexone as a maintenance treatment for opioid dependent patients who have successfully achieved abstinence. We are aware of one month depot formulations of buprenorphine in early clinical development for the treatment of opioid dependence, but we are not aware of any six- month formulations being developed other than Probuphine. Manufacturing The manufacturing of Probuphine has primarily been conducted at DPT Laboratories, Inc., and we have expanded the manufacturing facility at this contract manufacturer to establish commercial scale capability to support the future market launch of Probuphine and ongoing demand following potential approval by the FDA. Government Regulation FDA Approval Process In the United States, pharmaceutical products are subject to extensive regulation by the FDA. The Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, or the FDC Act, and other federal and state statutes and regulations, govern, among other things, the research, development, testing, manufacture, storage, recordkeeping, approval, labeling, promotion and marketing, distribution, post-approval monitoring and reporting, sampling, and import and export of pharmaceutical products. Failure to comply with applicable U.S. requirements may subject a company to a variety of administrative or judicial sanctions, such as FDA refusal to approve pending new drug applications, or NDAs, warning letters, product recalls, product seizures, total or partial suspension of production or distribution, injunctions, fines, civil penalties, and criminal prosecution. 6 Pharmaceutical product development in the U.S. typically involves preclinical laboratory and animal tests, the submission to the FDA of either a notice of claimed investigational exemption or an investigational new drug application, or IND, which must become effective before clinical testing may commence, and adequate and well-controlled clinical trials to establish the safety and effectiveness of the drug for each indication for which FDA approval is sought. Satisfaction of FDA pre-market approval requirements typically takes many years and the actual time required may vary substantially based upon the type, complexity, and novelty of the product or disease. Preclinical tests include laboratory evaluation of product chemistry, formulation, and toxicity, as well as animal trials to assess the characteristics and potential safety and efficacy of the product. The conduct of the preclinical tests must comply with federal regulations and requirements, including good laboratory practices. The results of preclinical testing are submitted to the FDA as part of an IND along with other information, including information about product chemistry, manufacturing and controls, and a proposed clinical trial protocol. Long term preclinical tests, such as animal tests of reproductive toxicity and carcinogenicity, may continue after the IND is submitted. Clinical trials involve the administration of the investigational new drug to healthy volunteers or patients under the supervision of a qualified investigator. Clinical trials must be conducted: (i) in compliance with federal regulations; (ii) in compliance with good clinical practice, or GCP, an international standard meant to protect the rights and health of patients and to define the roles of clinical trial sponsors, administrators, and monitors; as well as (iii) under protocols detailing the objectives of the trial, the parameters to be used in monitoring safety, and the effectiveness criteria to be evaluated. Each protocol involving testing on U.S. patients and subsequent protocol amendments must be submitted to the FDA as part of the IND. The FDA may order the temporary, or permanent, discontinuation of a clinical trial at any time, or impose other sanctions if it believes that the clinical trial either is not being conducted in accordance with FDA requirements or presents an unacceptable risk to the clinical trial patients. The study protocol and informed consent information for patients in clinical trials must also be submitted to an institutional review board, or IRB, for approval. An IRB may also require the clinical trial at the site to be halted, either temporarily or permanently, for failure to comply with the IRB’s requirements, or may impose other conditions. Clinical trials to support NDAs for marketing approval are typically conducted in three sequential phases, but the phases may overlap. In Phase 1, the initial introduction of the drug into healthy human subjects or patients, the drug is tested to assess metabolism, pharmacokinetics, pharmacological actions, side effects associated with increasing doses, and, if possible, early evidence on effectiveness. Phase 2 usually involves trials in a limited patient population to determine the effectiveness of the drug for a particular indication, dosage tolerance, and optimum dosage, and to identify common adverse effects and safety risks. If a compound demonstrates evidence of effectiveness and an acceptable safety profile in Phase 2 evaluations, Phase 3 trials are undertaken to obtain the additional information about clinical efficacy and safety in a larger number of patients, typically at geographically dispersed clinical trial sites, to permit FDA to evaluate the overall benefit-risk relationship of the drug and to provide adequate information for the labeling of the drug. After completion of the required clinical testing, an NDA is prepared and submitted to the FDA. FDA approval of the NDA is required before marketing of the product may begin in the U.S. The NDA must include the results of all preclinical, clinical, and other testing and a compilation of data relating to the product’s pharmacology, chemistry, manufacture, and controls. The cost of preparing and submitting an NDA is substantial. Once the submission is accepted for filing, the FDA begins an in-depth review. Priority review can be applied to drugs that the FDA determines offer major advances in treatment, or provide a treatment where no adequate therapy exists. The FDA may refer applications for novel drug products, or drug products which present difficult questions of safety or efficacy, to an advisory committee – typically a panel that includes clinicians and other experts – for review, evaluation, and a recommendation as to whether the application should be approved. The FDA is not bound by the recommendation of an advisory committee, but it generally follows such recommendations. Before approving an NDA, the FDA will typically inspect one, or more, clinical sites to assure compliance with GCP. Additionally, the FDA will inspect the facility or the facilities at which the drug is manufactured. FDA will not approve the product unless compliance with current good manufacturing practices, or GMP – a quality system regulating manufacturing – is satisfactory and the NDA contains data that provide substantial evidence that the drug is safe and effective in the indication studied. After the FDA evaluates the NDA and the manufacturing facilities, it issues either an approval letter or a complete response letter. A complete response letter generally outlines the deficiencies in the submission and may require substantial additional testing, or information, in order for the FDA to reconsider the application. If, or when, those deficiencies have been addressed to the FDA’s satisfaction in a resubmission of the NDA, the FDA will issue an approval letter. An approval letter authorizes commercial marketing of the drug with specific prescribing information for specific indications. As a condition of NDA approval, the FDA may require a risk evaluation and mitigation strategy, or REMS, to help ensure that the benefits of the drug outweigh the potential risks. REMS can include medication guides, communication plans for healthcare professionals, and elements to assure safe use, or ETASU. ETASU can include, but are not limited to, special training or certification for prescribing or dispensing, dispensing only under certain circumstances, special monitoring, and the use of patient registries. The requirement for a REMS can materially affect the potential market and profitability of the drug. Moreover, product approval may require substantial post-approval testing and surveillance to monitor the drug’s safety or efficacy. Once granted, product approvals may be withdrawn if compliance with regulatory standards is not maintained or problems are identified following initial marketing. 7 The Hatch-Waxman Act In seeking approval for a drug through an NDA, applicants are required to list with the FDA each patent whose claims cover the applicant’s product. Upon approval of a drug, each of the patents listed in the application for the drug is then published in the FDA’s Approved Drug Products with Therapeutic Equivalence Evaluations, commonly known as the Orange Book. Drugs listed in the Orange Book can, in turn, be cited by potential competitors in support of approval of an abbreviated new drug application, or ANDA. An ANDA provides for marketing of a drug product that has the same active ingredients in the same strengths and dosage form as the listed drug and has been shown through bioequivalence testing to be therapeutically equivalent to the listed drug. Other than the requirement for bioequivalence testing, ANDA applicants are not required to conduct, or submit results of, pre-clinical or clinical tests to prove the safety or effectiveness of their drug product. Drugs approved in this way are commonly referred to as “generic equivalents” to the listed drug, and can often be substituted by pharmacists under prescriptions written for the original listed drug. The ANDA applicant is required to certify to the FDA concerning any patents listed for the approved product in the FDA’s Orange Book. Specifically, the applicant must certify that: (i) the required patent information has not been filed; (ii) the listed patent has expired; (iii) the listed patent has not expired, but will expire on a particular date and approval is sought after patent expiration; or (iv) the listed patent is invalid or will not be infringed by the new product. A certification that the new product will not infringe the already approved product’s listed patents, or that such patents are invalid, is called a Paragraph IV certification. If the applicant does not challenge the listed patents, the ANDA application will not be approved until all the listed patents claiming the referenced product have expired. The ANDA application also will not be approved until any non-patent exclusivity listed in the Orange Book for the referenced product has expired. Federal law provides a period of five years following approval of a drug containing no previously approved active ingredients during which ANDAs for generic versions of those drugs cannot be submitted, unless the submission contains a Paragraph IV challenge to a listed patent - in which case the submission may be made four years following the original product approval. Federal law provides for a period of three years of exclusivity during which the FDA cannot grant effective approval of an ANDA based on the approval of a listed drug that contains previously approved active ingredients but is approved in a new dosage form, route of administration or combination, or for a new use; the approval of which was required to be supported by new clinical trials conducted by, or for, the applicant. Section 505(b)(2) New Drug Applications Most drug products obtain FDA marketing approval pursuant to an NDA or an ANDA. A third alternative is a special type of NDA, commonly referred to as a Section 505(b)(2) NDA, enables the applicant to rely, in part, on the FDA’s previous approval of a similar product, or published literature, in support of its application. Section 505(b)(2) permits the filing of an NDA where at least some of the information required for approval comes from studies not conducted by, or for, the applicant and for which the applicant has not obtained a right of reference. If the 505(b)(2) applicant can establish that reliance on the FDA’s previous approval is scientifically appropriate, it may eliminate the need to conduct certain preclinical or clinical studies of the new product. The FDA may also require companies to perform additional studies or measurements to support the change from the approved product. The FDA may then approve the new product candidate for all, or some, of the label indications for which the referenced product has been approved, as well as for any new indication sought by the Section 505(b)(2) applicant. Advertising and Promotion Once an NDA is approved, a product will be subject to certain post-approval requirements. For instance, the FDA closely regulates the post-approval marketing and promotion of drugs, including standards and regulations for direct-to-consumer advertising, off-label promotion, industry-sponsored scientific and educational activities and promotional activities involving the internet. Drugs may be marketed only for the approved indications and in accordance with the provisions of the approved labeling. Changes to some of the conditions established in an approved application, including changes in indications, labeling, or manufacturing processes or facilities, require submission and FDA approval of a new NDA or NDA supplement before the change can be implemented. An NDA supplement for a new indication typically requires clinical data similar to that in the original application, and the FDA uses the same procedures and actions in reviewing NDA supplements as it does in reviewing NDAs. 8 Adverse Event Reporting and GMP Compliance Adverse event reporting and submission of periodic reports is required following FDA approval of an NDA. The FDA also may require post-marketing testing, known as Phase 4 testing, risk minimization action plans, and surveillance to monitor the effects of an approved product, or the FDA may place conditions on an approval that could restrict the distribution or use of the product. In addition, quality-control, drug manufacture, packaging, and labeling procedures must continue to conform to current good manufacturing practices, or cGMPs, after approval. Drug manufacturers and certain of their subcontractors are required to register their establishments with FDA and certain state agencies. Registration with the FDA subjects entities to periodic unannounced inspections by the FDA, during which the agency inspects manufacturing facilities to assess compliance with cGMPs. Accordingly, manufacturers must continue to expend time, money, and effort in the areas of production and quality-control to maintain compliance with cGMPs. Regulatory authorities may withdraw product approvals or request product recalls if a company fails to comply with regulatory standards, if it encounters problems following initial marketing, or if previously unrecognized problems are subsequently discovered. Pediatric Information Under the Pediatric Research Equity Act, or PREA, NDAs or supplements to NDAs must contain data to assess the safety and effectiveness of the drug for the claimed indications in all relevant pediatric subpopulations and to support dosing and administration for each pediatric subpopulation for which the drug is safe and effective. The FDA may grant full or partial waivers, or deferrals, for submission of data. Unless otherwise required by regulation, PREA does not apply to any drug for an indication for which orphan designation has been granted. The Best Pharmaceuticals for Children Act, or BPCA, provides NDA holders a six-month extension of any exclusivity – patent or non- patent – for a drug if certain conditions are met. Conditions for exclusivity include the FDA’s determination that information relating to the use of a new drug in the pediatric population may produce health benefits in that population, the FDA making a written request for pediatric studies, and the applicant agreeing to perform, and reporting on, the requested studies within the statutory timeframe. Applications under the BPCA are treated as priority applications, with all of the benefits that designation confers. Physician Drug Samples As part of the sales and marketing process, pharmaceutical companies frequently provide samples of approved drugs to physicians. The Prescription Drug Marketing Act, or the PDMA, imposes requirements and limitations upon the provision of drug samples to physicians, as well as prohibits states from licensing distributors of prescription drugs unless the state licensing program meets certain federal guidelines that include minimum standards for storage, handling, and record keeping. In addition, the PDMA sets forth civil and criminal penalties for violations. Controlled Substances Manufacturers of controlled substances, including buprenorphine, are also subject to the licensing, quota, and regulatory requirements of the Controlled Substances Act. Failure to comply with the Controlled Substances Act and the regulations promulgated thereunder could subject companies to loss or suspension of those licenses and to civil or criminal penalties. Anti-Kickback, False Claims Laws & The Prescription Drug Marketing Act In addition to FDA restrictions on marketing of pharmaceutical products, several other types of state and federal laws have been applied to restrict certain marketing practices in the pharmaceutical industry in recent years. These laws include anti-kickback statutes and false claims statutes. The federal healthcare program anti-kickback statute prohibits, among other things, knowingly and willfully offering, paying, soliciting or receiving remuneration to induce; or in return for; purchasing, leasing, ordering or arranging for the purchase, lease or order of any healthcare item or service reimbursable under Medicare, Medicaid, or other federally financed healthcare programs. This statute has been interpreted to apply to arrangements between pharmaceutical manufacturers on the one hand and prescribers, purchasers, and formulary managers on the other. Violations of the anti-kickback statute are punishable by imprisonment, criminal fines, civil monetary penalties, and exclusion from participation in federal healthcare programs. Although there are a number of statutory exemptions and regulatory safe harbors protecting certain common activities from prosecution or other regulatory sanctions, the exemptions and safe harbors are drawn narrowly, and practices that involve remuneration intended to induce prescribing, purchases, or recommendations may be subject to scrutiny if they do not qualify for an exemption or safe harbor. Federal false claims laws prohibit any person from knowingly presenting, or causing to be presented, a false claim for payment to the federal government, or knowingly making, or causing to be made, a false statement to have a false claim paid. Recently, several pharmaceutical and other healthcare companies have been prosecuted under these laws for allegedly inflating drug prices they report to pricing services, which in turn were used by the government to set Medicare and Medicaid reimbursement rates, and for allegedly providing free product to customers with the expectation that the customers would bill federal programs for the product. In addition, certain marketing practices, including off-label promotion, may also violate false claims laws. The majority of states also have statutes or regulations similar to the federal anti-kickback law and false claims laws, which apply to items and services reimbursed under Medicaid and other state programs, or, in several states, apply regardless of the payor. 9 Foreign Regulatory Issues Sales of pharmaceutical products outside the United States are subject to foreign regulatory requirements that vary widely from country to country. Whether or not FDA approval has been obtained, approval of a product by a comparable regulatory authority of a foreign country must generally be obtained prior to the commencement of marketing in that country. Although the time required to obtain such approval may be longer or shorter than that required for FDA approval, the requirements for FDA approval are among the most detailed in the world and FDA approval generally takes longer than foreign regulatory approvals. Employees At December 31, 2013, we had 13 full-time employees. 10 Item 1A. Risk Factors Further delays in the FDA approval process for Probuphine or termination of the Agreement by Braeburn could materially adversely impact our liquidity and financial condition While an agreement in principle with respect to a path forward has been reached with the FDA, details of the required additional clinical study in support of the Probuphine NDA, including size and the data analysis plan, have not yet been established. Accordingly, we cannot predict the timing of commencement or completion of the study. At December 31, 2013, we had cash of approximately $11.8 million, which we believe is sufficient to fund our planned operations into April 2015. Under the Agreement, as amended, Braeburn has the right to terminate based on the requirement for an additional clinical study in support of the NDA. If Braeburn were to exercise its right to terminate the Agreement, we would not have sufficient funds available to us to complete the FDA regulatory process and, in the event of ultimate approval, commercialize Probuphine without raising additional capital. If we are unable to complete a debt or equity offering, or otherwise obtain sufficient financing in such event, our business and prospects would be materially adversely impacted. Furthermore, in light of the substantial reduction in the milestone payment payable to us if the FDA ultimately approves Probuphine under the Third Amendment we may be unable to continue our current Parkinson’s disease development program and will not be able to pursue any additional programs beyond the very initial stages without obtaining additional financing, either through the sale of debt or equity securities, a corporate partnership or otherwise. We cannot assure you that the financing we need will be available on acceptable terms. FDA approval of Probuphine may be denied. In April 2013, the FDA issued a complete response letter (the “CRL”) to the Probuphine NDA stating that it cannot approve the application in its present form and outlining the FDA’s request for additional data. While Titan and Braeburn have been engaged in ongoing communications with the FDA seeking to address the concerns and recommendations set forth in the CRL, there can be no assurance that the FDA will ultimately approve the NDA. The FDA may deny approval of Probuphine for many reasons, including: • • • • we may be unable to demonstrate to the satisfaction of the FDA that Probuphine is safe and effective for the treatment of opioid dependence in adults; the FDA may disagree with our interpretation of data from non-clinical studies or clinical trials; we may be unable to demonstrate that Probuphine’s clinical and other benefits outweigh any safety or other perceived risks; or the FDA may fail to approve the manufacturing processes or facilities of the third-party manufacturers with which we have contracted. If Probuphine fails to receive FDA approval, our business and prospects will be materially adversely impacted. The timing and amount of revenues from Probuphine, if any, will be wholly dependent on the efforts of third parties. We have granted an exclusive license to Braeburn for the commercialization of Probuphine in the United States and Canada. If approved by the FDA, Braeburn will be solely responsible for the marketing, manufacture and commercialization of Probuphine in the Territory and, accordingly, the timing and amount of any royalty revenues or sales milestones we receive from this product will be wholly dependent upon Braeburn’s ability to successfully launch and commercialize this product in the Territory. Braeburn is a recently formed company and does not have a track record upon which investors can rely on making an investment decision. Additionaly, our ability to generate revenues in the Territory from any additional indications for Probuphine, including chronic pain, depends on Braeburn’s ability to successfully develop, obtain regulatory approvals for and commercialize the product for additional indications. We do not have control over the amount and timing of resources that Braeburn will dedicate to these efforts, none of which have commenced to date. We will be similarly dependent on the development, regulatory and marketing efforts of third parties with respect to revenues, if any, from sales of Probuphine outside the Territory. To date, we have not entered into any collaborative arrangements or granted any rights with respect to Probuphine in the rest of the world. 11 If Probuphine or any other product candidate that we may successfully develop does not achieve broad market acceptance among physicians, patients, healthcare payors and the medical community, the revenues that it generates from their sales will be limited. Even if Probuphine or any other product candidate we may in the future develop receives regulatory approval, they may not gain market acceptance among physicians, patients, healthcare payors and the medical community. Coverage and reimbursement of our product candidates by third-party payors, including government payors, generally is also necessary for commercial success. The degree of market acceptance of any approved products will depend on a number of factors, including: • • • • • • • • • • the efficacy and safety as demonstrated in clinical trials; the clinical indications for which the product is approved; acceptance by physicians, operators of hospitals and clinics and patients of the product as a safe and effective product; the potential and perceived advantages of the product over alternative treatments; the safety of the product in broader patient groups, including its use outside of approved indications; the cost of treatment in relation to alternative treatments; the availability of adequate reimbursement and pricing by third parties and government authorities; the prevalence and severity of adverse events; the effectiveness of sales and marketing efforts; and unfavorable publicity relating to the product. If any product candidate is approved but does not achieve an adequate level of acceptance by physicians, hospitals and clinics, healthcare payors and patients, we may not generate significant revenue from such products. We must comply with extensive government regulations. The research, development, manufacture labeling, storage, record-keeping, advertising, promotion, import, export, marketing and distribution of pharmaceutical products are subject to an extensive regulatory approval process by the FDA in the U.S. and comparable health authorities in foreign markets. The process of obtaining required regulatory approvals for drugs is lengthy, expensive and uncertain. Approval policies or regulations may change and the FDA and foreign authorities have substantial discretion in the pharmaceutical approval process, including the ability to delay, limit or deny approval of a product candidate for many reasons. Despite the time and expense invested in clinical development of product candidates, regulatory approval is never guaranteed. Regulatory approval may entail limitations on the indicated usage of a drug, which may reduce the drug’s market potential. Even if regulatory clearance is obtained, post-market evaluation of the products, if required, could result in restrictions on a product’s marketing or withdrawal of the product from the market, as well as possible civil and criminal sanctions. Of the large number of drugs in development, only a small percentage successfully complete the regulatory approval process and are commercialized. We are dependent upon key collaborative relationships and license agreements. We will rely significantly on the resources of third parties to market and commercialize Probuphine, if approved, as well as any other products we may develop. For example, our ability to ultimately derive revenues from Probuphine in the Territory is dependent upon Braeburn implementing a successful marketing program for the treatment of opioid dependence in adults and pursuing development and commercialization of the product for other indications. Beyond any contractual rights, we cannot control the amount or timing of resources that any existing or future corporate partner devotes to product development and commercialization efforts for our product candidates. We depend on our ability to maintain existing collaborative relationships, to develop new collaborative relationships with third parties and potentially to acquire or in-license additional products and technologies for the development of new product candidates. 12 Our dependence on third party collaborators and license agreements subjects us to a number of risks, including: • • • our collaborators may not comply with applicable regulatory guidelines with respect to developing or commercializing our products, which could adversely impact sales or future development of our products; we and our collaborators could disagree as to future development plans and our collaborators may delay, fail to commence or stop future clinical trials or other development; and there may be disputes between us and our collaborators, including disagreements regarding the license agreements, that may result in the delay of or failure to achieve developmental, regulatory and commercial objectives that would result in milestone or royalty payments and/or the delay or termination of any future development or commercialization of our products. In addition, collaborators may, to the extent permitted by our agreements, develop products that divert resources from our products, preclude us from entering into collaborations with their competitors or terminate their agreements with us prematurely. Moreover, disagreements could arise with our collaborators or strategic partners over rights to our intellectual property and our rights to share in any of the future revenues from products or technologies resulting from use of our technologies, or our activities in separate fields may conflict with other business plans of our collaborators. We face risks associated with third parties conducting preclinical studies and clinical trials of our products; as well as our dependence on third parties to manufacture any products that we may successfully develop. We depend on third-party laboratories and medical institutions to conduct preclinical studies and clinical trials for our products and other third-party organizations to perform data collection and analysis, all of which must maintain both good laboratory and good clinical practices. We also depend upon third party manufacturers for the production of any products we may successfully develop to comply with current Good Manufacturing Practices of the FDA, which are similarly outside our direct control. If third party laboratories and medical institutions conducting studies of our products fail to maintain both good laboratory and clinical practices, the studies could be delayed or have to be repeated. Similarly, if the manufacturers of any products we develop in the future fail to comply with current Good Manufacturing Practices of the FDA, we may be forced to cease manufacturing such product until we have found another third party to manufacture the product. We face risks associated with product liability lawsuits that could be brought against us. Our liability insurance coverage may not be sufficient to cover claims that may be made against us in the event that the use or misuse of our product candidates causes, or merely appears to have caused, personal injury or death. Any claims against us, regardless of their merit, could severely harm our financial condition, strain our management and other resources or destroy the prospects for commercialization of the product which is the subject of any such claim. We may be unable to protect our patents and proprietary rights. Our future success will depend to a significant extent on our ability to: • • obtain and keep patent protection for our products and technologies on an international basis; enforce our patents to prevent others from using our inventions; • maintain and prevent others from using our trade secrets; and • operate and commercialize products without infringing on the patents or proprietary rights of others. We cannot assure you that our patent rights will afford any competitive advantages, and these rights may be challenged or circumvented by third parties. Further, patents may not be issued on any of our pending patent applications in the U.S. or abroad. Because of the extensive time required for development, testing and regulatory review of a potential product, it is possible that before a potential product can be commercialized, any related patent may expire or remain in existence for only a short period following commercialization, reducing or eliminating any advantage of the patent. If we sue others for infringing our patents, a court may determine that such patents are invalid or unenforceable. Even if the validity of our patent rights is upheld by a court, a court may not prevent the alleged infringement of our patent rights on the grounds that such activity is not covered by our patent claims. In addition, third parties may sue us for infringing their patents. In the event of a successful claim of infringement against us, we may be required to: • pay substantial damages; 13 • • • • stop using our technologies and methods; stop certain research and development efforts; develop non-infringing products or methods; and obtain one or more licenses from third parties. If required, we cannot assure you that we will be able to obtain such licenses on acceptable terms, or at all. If we are sued for infringement, we could encounter substantial delays in development, manufacture and commercialization of our product candidates. Any litigation, whether to enforce our patent rights or to defend against allegations that we infringe third party rights, will be costly, time consuming, and may distract management from other important tasks. We also rely in our business on trade secrets, know-how and other proprietary information. We seek to protect this information, in part, through the use of confidentiality agreements with employees, consultants, advisors and others. Nonetheless, we cannot assure you that those agreements will provide adequate protection for our trade secrets, know-how or other proprietary information and prevent their unauthorized use or disclosure. To the extent that consultants, key employees or other third parties apply technological information independently developed by them or by others to our proposed products, disputes may arise as to the proprietary rights to such information, which may not be resolved in our favor. We face intense competition. Competition in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries is intense. We face, and will continue to face, competition from numerous companies that currently market, or are developing, products for the treatment of the diseases and disorders we have targeted. Many of these entities have significantly greater research and development capabilities, experience in obtaining regulatory approvals and manufacturing, marketing, financial and managerial resources than we have. We also compete with universities and other research institutions in the development of products, technologies and processes, as well as the recruitment of highly qualified personnel. Our competitors may succeed in developing technologies or products that are more effective than the ones we have under development or that render our proposed products or technologies noncompetitive or obsolete. In addition, our competitors may achieve product commercialization or patent protection earlier than we will. Healthcare reform and restrictions on reimbursements may limit our financial returns. Braeburn’s ability to commercialize Probuphine in the Territory and our ability or the ability of any future collaborators to commercialize Probuphine outside the Territory or to commercialize any other products we may successfully develop will depend in part on the extent to which government health administration authorities, private health insurers and other organizations will reimburse consumers for the cost of these products. These third parties are increasingly challenging both the need for and the price of new drug products. Significant uncertainty exists as to the reimbursement status of newly approved therapeutics. Adequate third party reimbursement may not be available for our own or our collaborator’s drug products to enable us or them to maintain price levels sufficient to realize an appropriate return on their and our investments in research and product development. We may not be able to retain our key management and scientific personnel. As a company with a limited number of personnel, we are highly dependent on the services of our executive management and scientific staff, in particular Sunil Bhonsle and Marc Rubin, our President and Executive Chairman, respectively, and Katherine Glassman-Beebe our Executive Vice President and Chief Development Officer. The loss of one or more of such individuals could substantially impair ongoing research and development programs and could hinder our ability to obtain corporate partners. Our success depends in large part upon our ability to attract and retain highly qualified personnel. We compete in our hiring efforts with other pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies, as well as universities and nonprofit research organizations, and we may not be successful in our efforts to attract and retain personnel. Our stock price has been and will likely continue to be volatile. Our stock price has experienced substantial fluctuations and could continue to fluctuate significantly due to a number of factors, including: • • • • • • variations in our anticipated or actual operating results or prospects; sales of substantial amounts of our common stock; announcements about us or about our competitors, including introductions of new products; litigation and other developments relating to our patents or other proprietary rights or those of our competitors; conditions in the pharmaceutical or biotechnology industries; governmental regulation and legislation; and 14 • change in securities analysts’ estimates of our performance, or our failure to meet analysts’ expectations. Our common stock is deemed to be a “penny stock,” which may make it more difficult for investors to sell their shares due to suitability requirements. Our common stock is subject to Rule 15g-1 through 15g-9 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), which imposes certain sales practice requirements on broker-dealers which sell our common stock to persons other than established customers and “accredited investors” (generally, individuals with a net worth in excess of $1,000,000 or annual incomes exceeding $200,000 (or $300,000 together with their spouses)). For transactions covered by this rule, a broker-dealer must make a special suitability determination for the purchaser and have received the purchaser’s written consent to the transaction prior to the sale. This rule adversely affects the ability of broker-dealers to sell our common stock and the ability of our stockholders to sell their shares of common stock. Additionally, our common stock is subject to the SEC regulations for “penny stock.” Penny stock includes any equity security that is not listed on a national exchange and has a market price of less than $5.00 per share, subject to certain exceptions. The regulations require that prior to any non-exempt buy/sell transaction in a penny stock, a disclosure schedule set forth by the SEC relating to the penny stock market must be delivered to the purchaser of such penny stock. This disclosure must include the amount of commissions payable to both the broker- dealer and the registered representative and current price quotations for the common stock. The regulations also require that monthly statements be sent to holders of penny stock that disclose recent price information for the penny stock and information of the limited market for penny stocks. These requirements adversely affect the market liquidity of our common stock. Our net operating losses and research and development tax credits may not be available to reduce future federal and state income tax payments. At December 31, 2013, we had federal net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards of $225.6 million and $8.2 million, respectively, and state net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards of $157.7 million and $8.0 million, respectively, available to offset future taxable income, if any. Current federal and state tax laws include substantial restrictions on the utilization of net operating loss and tax credits in the event of an ownership change and we cannot assure you that our net operating loss and tax carryforwards will continue to be available. 15 Item 2. Properties Our executive offices are located in approximately 9,255 square feet of office space in South San Francisco, California that we occupy under a three-year operating lease expiring in June 2016. It is our intention to continue to be based in South San Francisco. Item 3. Legal Proceedings We are currently not a party to any material legal or administrative proceedings and are not aware of any pending or threatened legal or administrative proceedings against us. 16 PART II Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities. (a) Price Range of Securities Since June 2, 2010, our common stock has been quoted on the OTC Bulletin Board under the symbol TTNP.OB. The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, the high and low sales prices per share of our common stock as reported by the OTC Bulletin Board. The quotations reflect inter-dealer prices without retail markups, markdowns, or commissions and may not represent actual transactions. For current price information, stockholders are urged to consult publicly available sources. Fiscal 2013 Fourth Quarter Third Quarter Second Quarter First Quarter Fiscal 2012 Fourth Quarter Third Quarter Second Quarter First Quarter High Low $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 1.17 $ 0.70 $ 1.95 $ 2.48 $ 1.23 $ 1.05 $ 1.13 $ 1.40 $ 0.58 0.46 0.43 1.19 0.76 0.65 0.65 1.05 (b) Approximate Number of Equity Security Holders As of March 24, 2014, there were approximately 137 record holders of our common stock. (c) Dividends We have never paid a cash dividend on our common stock and anticipate that for the foreseeable future any earnings will be retained for use in our business and, accordingly, do not anticipate the payment of cash dividends. (d) The following table sets forth aggregate information regarding our equity compensation plans in effect as of December 31, 2013: Equity Compensation Plan Information Weighted- average exercise price of outstanding options, warrants and rights (b) Number of securities remaining available for future issuance under equity compensation plans (c) Number of securities to be issued upon exercise of outstanding options, warrant and rights (a) 4,170,153 $ 2,562,000 $ 6,732,153 $ 1.31 1.32 1.31 — — — Plan category Equity compensation plans approved by security holders Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders(1)(2)(3) Total (1) (2) In August 2002, we amended our 2001 Employee Non-Qualified Stock Option Plan. Pursuant to this amendment, a total of 1,750,000 shares of common stock were reserved and authorized for issuance for option grants to employees and consultants who are not officers or directors of Titan. At December 31, 2013, 1,199,500 of these non-qualified stock options remained outstanding. In October 2007, we granted 1,500,000 non-qualified stock options outside of our stock option plans to our Chief Executive Officer, at an exercise price of $2.40, vesting equally over 48 months from the date of grant. At December 31, 2013, 437,500 of these non-qualified stock options remained outstanding. 17 (3) In May 2009, we granted 615,000 and 310,000 non-qualified stock options outside of our stock option plans to our Executive Chairman and President, respectively, at an exercise price of $0.79, vesting equally over 48 months from the date of grant. Performance Graph The information contained in the Performance Graph shall not be deemed to be “soliciting material” or “filed” with the SEC or subject to the liabilities of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), except to the extent that we specifically incorporate it by reference into a document filed under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), or the Exchange Act. The following graph compares the cumulative total stockholder return on our common stock with the cumulative total stockholder return of (i) the NYSE MKT Index, and (ii) a peer group index consisting of companies reporting under the Standard Industrial Classification Code 2834 (Pharmaceutical Preparations). The graph assumes $100 invested on December 31, 2008 and assumes dividends reinvested. Measurement points are at the last trading day of the fiscal years ended December 31, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012 and 2013. The stock price performance on the following graph is not necessarily indicative of future stock price performance. COMPARE CUMULATIVE TOTAL RETURN AMONG TITAN PHARMACEUTICALS, INC., NYSE MKT INDEX AND SIC CODE INDEX 18 Item 6. Selected Financial Data. The selected financial data presented below summarizes certain financial data which has been derived from and should be read in conjunction with our financial statements and notes thereto included in the section beginning on page F-1. See also “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.” Years Ended December 31, 2013 2012 2011 (in thousands, except per share data) 2010 2009 Statement of Operations Data: Total revenue Operating expenses: Research and development General and administrative Other income (expense), net Net income (loss) Gain on retirement of preferred stock upon dissolution of subsidiary Net income (loss) applicable to common stockholders Basic net income (loss) per common share Diluted net income (loss) per common share Shares used in computing: Basic net income (loss) per common share Diluted net income (loss) per common share Balance Sheet Data: Cash Working capital (deficit) Total assets Total stockholders’ equity (deficit) 19 $ 10,481 $ 7,117 $ 4,068 $ 10,093 $ 79 8,309 3,063 10,602 9,711 — 10,610 4,877 (6,810) (15,180) — 11,206 3,368 (4,697) (15,203) — 2,456 3,438 (71) (5,886) — 9,711 $ (15,180) $ (15,203) $ (5,593) $ (5,886) (0.10) 0.12 $ (0.10) 0.10 $ 12,855 3,263 (809) (6,834) 1,241 (0.26) $ (0.28) $ (0.23) $ (0.23) $ (0.09) $ (0.09) $ $ $ $ 82,099 82,659 66,509 66,509 59,324 60,392 59,248 58,473 59,248 58,473 2013 2012 As of December 31, 2011 (in thousands) 2010 2009 $ 11,798 $ 18,102 $ 2,042 24,827 (23,128) 5,974 18,423 5,760 5,406 $ 4,839 10,217 (20,079) 3,180 $ (706) 4,752 (6,053) 3,300 2,069 3,726 (1,448) Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations. Forward-Looking Statements Statements in the following discussion and throughout this report that are not historical in nature are “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act and Section 21E of the Exchange Act. You can identify forward-looking statements by the use of words such as “expect,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “may,” “will,” “should,” “intend,” “believe,” and similar expressions. Although we believe the expectations reflected in these forward-looking statements are reasonable, such statements are inherently subject to risk and we can give no assurances that our expectations will prove to be correct. Actual results could differ from those described in this report because of numerous factors, many of which are beyond our control. These factors include, without limitation, those described under Item 1A “Risk Factors.” We undertake no obligation to update these forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date of this report or to reflect actual outcomes. Please see “Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” at the beginning of this Annual Report on Form 10- K. The following discussion of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our financial statements and the related notes thereto and other financial information appearing elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Overview We are a specialty pharmaceutical company developing proprietary therapeutics for the treatment of serious medical disorders. Our product development programs focus primarily on important pharmaceutical markets with significant unmet medical needs and commercial potential. We are directly developing our product candidates and also utilize corporate, academic and government partnerships as appropriate. Such collaborations have helped to fund product development and have enabled us to retain significant economic interest in our products. Our principal asset is Probuphine®, the first slow release implant formulation of buprenorphine in development for the long term maintenance treatment of opioid dependence. It is designed to maintain a stable, around the clock blood level of the medicine in patients for six months following a single treatment. Upon completion of the Phase 3 clinical studies of Probuphine, we participated in a pre- NDA meeting with the FDA, and subsequently prepared and submitted the NDA in October 2012. The Psychpharmacology Drug Advisory Committee of the FDA reviewed the Probuphine NDA at its meeting on March 21, 2013 and voted for approval (10 positive, 4 negative, 1 abstention) of the product. However, on April 30, 2013, the FDA issued a complete response letter to our NDA stating that it cannot approve the application in its present form and outlining the FDA’s request for additional clinical data demonstrating adequate clinical benefit to patients from this treatment, data from human factors testing of the training program for insertion and removal of the implants, as well as recommendations regarding product labeling, REMS and non-clinical safety data. Our efforts since receipt of the CRL have focused on working with Braeburn, a team of expert clinical and regulatory advisors and the FDA to establish a path forward for potential resubmission of the NDA with the additional information requested by the FDA. Following a meeting with the FDA on November 19, 2013 and subsequent discussions we and Braeburn have agreed in principle with the FDA on a path forward, which along with other steps includes conducting an additional clinical study that is designed to provide a non-inferiority comparison of treatment with a dose of four Probuphine implants in stable patients undergoing maintenance treatment with 8mg or less per day of an FDA approved sublingual formulation of buprenorphine. The clinical study protocol has been submitted for FDA review and further details of the study and implementation plans will be available after completion of the FDA review. Pursuant to our Agreement with Braeburn, as amended to date, we are entitled to receive a $15 million milestone payment upon FDA approval of the NDA and royalties on net sales ranging from the mid-teens to the low twenties. The Agreement also provides for up to $165 million in sales milestones and $35 million in regulatory milestones and entitles us to low single digit royalties on sales by Braeburn, if any, of future products in the addiction market. Probuphine is the first product to utilize ProNeura™, our novel, proprietary, continuous drug delivery technology. Our ProNeura technology has the potential to be used in developing products for the treatment of other chronic conditions, such as Parkinson’s disease, where maintaining stable, around the clock blood levels of a dopamine agonist may benefit the patient and improve medical outcomes. We are currently evaluating drugs and disease settings for opportunities to develop this drug delivery technology for other potential treatment applications in situations where conventional treatment is limited by variability in blood drug levels and poor patient compliance. We do not currently have the financial resources to pursue these research and development programs beyond an initial stage and are dependent on our ability to secure the requisite financing, either through payments from Braeburn under the Agreement in the event the Probuphine NDA is ultimately approved or through other arrangements. We operate in only one business segment, the development of pharmaceutical products. 20 Critical Accounting Policies and the Use of Estimates The preparation of our financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in our financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates. We believe the following accounting policies for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012 to be applicable: Revenue Recognition We generate revenue principally from royalty payments, collaborative research and development arrangements, technology licenses, and government grants. Consideration received for revenue arrangements with multiple components is allocated among the separate units of accounting based on their respective selling prices. The selling price for each unit is based on vendor-specific objective evidence, or VSOE, if available, third party evidence if VSOE is not available, or estimated selling price if neither VSOE nor third party evidence is available. The applicable revenue recognition criteria are then applied to each of the units. Revenue is recognized when the four basic criteria of revenue recognition are met: (1) a contractual agreement exists; (2) transfer of technology has been completed or services have been rendered; (3) the fee is fixed or determinable; and (4) collectibility is reasonably assured. For each source of revenue, we comply with the above revenue recognition criteria in the following manner: • • • • Royalties earned are based on third-party sales of licensed products and are recorded in accordance with contract terms when third- party results are reliably measurable and collectibility is reasonably assured. Pursuant to certain license agreements, we earn royalties on the sale of Fanapt™ by Novartis in the U.S. As described in Note 4, Agreement with Sanofi-Aventis SA and Note 8, Royalty Liability, we are obligated to pay royalties on such sales to Sanofi-Aventis and Deerfield. As we have no performance obligations under the license agreements, we have recorded the royalties earned, net of royalties we are obligated to pay, as revenue in our Statement of Operations. Collaborative arrangements typically consist of non-refundable and/or exclusive technology access fees, cost reimbursements for specific research and development spending, and various milestone and future product royalty payments. If the delivered technology does not have stand-alone value, the amount of revenue allocable to the delivered technology is deferred. Non- refundable upfront fees with stand-alone value that are not dependent on future performance under these agreements are recognized as revenue when received, and are deferred if we have continuing performance obligations and have no evidence of fair value of those obligations. Cost reimbursements for research and development spending are recognized when the related costs are incurred and when collections are reasonably expected. Payments received related to substantive, performance-based “at-risk” milestones are recognized as revenue upon achievement of the clinical success or regulatory event specified in the underlying contracts, which represent the culmination of the earnings process. Amounts received in advance are recorded as deferred revenue until the technology is transferred, costs are incurred, or a milestone is reached. Technology license agreements typically consist of non-refundable upfront license fees, annual minimum access fees or royalty payments. Non-refundable upfront license fees and annual minimum payments received with separable stand-alone values are recognized when the technology is transferred or accessed, provided that the technology transferred or accessed is not dependent on the outcome of our continuing research and development efforts. Government grants, which support our research efforts in specific projects, generally provide for reimbursement of approved costs as defined in the notices of grants. Grant revenue is recognized when associated project costs are incurred. Share-Based Payments We recognize compensation expense for all share-based awards made to employees and directors. The fair value of share-based awards is estimated at the grant date based on the fair value of the award and is recognized as expense, net of estimated pre-vesting forfeitures, ratably over the vesting period of the award. We use the Black-Scholes option pricing model to estimate the fair value method of our awards. Calculating stock-based compensation expense requires the input of highly subjective assumptions, including the expected term of the share- based awards, stock price volatility, and pre-vesting forfeitures. We estimate the expected term of stock options granted for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011 based on the historical experience of similar awards, giving consideration to the contractual terms of the share-based awards, vesting schedules and the expectations of future employee behavior. We estimate the volatility of our common stock at the date of grant based on the historical volatility of our common stock. The assumptions used in calculating the fair value of stock-based awards represent our best estimates, but these estimates involve inherent uncertainties and the application of management judgment. As a result, if factors change and we use different assumptions, our stock-based compensation expense could be materially different in the future. In addition, we are required to estimate the expected pre-vesting forfeiture rate and only recognize expense for those shares expected to vest. We estimate the pre-vesting forfeiture rate based on historical experience. If our actual forfeiture rate is materially different from our estimate, our stock-based compensation expense could be significantly different from what we have recorded in the current period. 21 Income Taxes We make certain estimates and judgments in determining income tax expense for financial statement purposes. These estimates and judgments occur in the calculation of certain tax assets and liabilities, which arise from differences in the timing of recognition of revenue and expense for tax and financial statement purposes. As part of the process of preparing our financial statements, we are required to estimate our income taxes in each of the jurisdictions in which we operate. This process involves us estimating our current tax exposure under the most recent tax laws and assessing temporary differences resulting from differing treatment of items for tax and accounting purposes. We assess the likelihood that we will be able to recover our deferred tax assets. We consider all available evidence, both positive and negative, expectations and risks associated with estimates of future taxable income and ongoing prudent and feasible tax planning strategies in assessing the need for a valuation allowance. If it is not more likely than not that we will recover our deferred tax assets, we will increase our provision for taxes by recording a valuation allowance against the deferred tax assets that we estimate will not ultimately be recoverable. Clinical Trial Accrual We also record accruals for estimated ongoing clinical trial costs. Clinical trial costs represent costs incurred by clinical research organizations (“CROs”) and clinical sites. These costs are recorded as a component of research and development expenses. Under our agreements, progress payments are typically made to investigators, clinical sites and CROs. We analyze the progress of the clinical trials, including levels of patient enrollment, invoices received and contracted costs when evaluating the adequacy of accrued liabilities. Significant judgments and estimates must be made and used in determining the accrued balance in any accounting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates under different assumptions. Revisions are charged to expense in the period in which the facts that give rise to the revision become known. The actual clinical trial costs for the Probuphine studies conducted in the past three years have not differed materially from the estimated projection of expenses. Warrants Issued in Connection with Equity Financing We generally account for warrants issued in connection with equity financings as a component of equity, unless there is a deemed possibility that we may have to settle warrants in cash. For warrants issued with deemed possibility of cash settlement, we record the fair value of the issued warrants as a liability at each reporting period and record changes in the estimated fair value as a non-cash gain or loss in the Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss). Liquidity and Capital Resources As of December 31: Cash Working capital Current ratio Years Ended December 31: Cash (used in) provided by operating activities Cash used in investing activities Cash provided by financing activities 2013 2012 (in thousands) 2011 11,798 $ 5,974 $ 1.6:1 18,102 $ 2,042 $ 1.1:1 5,406 4,839 1.9:1 (9,799) $ (318) $ 3,813 $ 1,830 $ (1,154) $ 12,020 $ (14,476) (234) 16,936 $ $ $ $ $ We have funded our operations since inception primarily through sales of our debt and equity securities, as well as with proceeds from warrant and option exercises, corporate licensing and collaborative agreements, and government-sponsored research. At December 31, 2013, we had approximately $11.8 million of cash compared to approximately $18.1 million at December 31, 2012. Our operating activities used approximately $9.8 million during the year ended December 31, 2013. This consisted primarily of approximately $1.9 million related to a non-cash gain on the settlement of long-term debt, approximately $9.0 million related to a non-cash gain on the termination of our royalty repurchase agreement with Deerfield, approximately $1.7 million related to net non-cash losses on changes in the fair value of warrants and approximately $9.1 million related to deferred revenue in connection with the license agreement with Braeburn. This was offset in part by the net income for the period of approximately $9.7 million, approximately $107,000 related to depreciation, and approximately $0.7 million related to stock-based compensation expenses and approximately $1.3 million related to net changes in operating assets and liabilities. Uses of cash in operating activities were primarily to fund product development programs and administrative expenses. The license agreement with Sanofi-Aventis requires us to pay royalties on future product sales. 22 Net cash used in investing activities of approximately $0.3 million during the year ended December 31, 2013 was primarily related to purchases of equipment. Our financing activities provided approximately $3.8 million during the year ended December 31, 2013. This consisted primarily of approximately $4.9 million related to sale of common stock, $1.3 million in proceeds from the exercise of warrants and approximately $0.1 million in proceeds from the exercise of stock options. This was offset in part by approximately $2.5 million related to payments on our long- term debt. On March 15, 2011, we entered into several agreements with entities affiliated with Deerfield pursuant to which Deerfield agreed to provide $20.0 million in funding to us. Pursuant to the terms of a facility agreement, we issued Deerfield 8.5% promissory notes in the aggregate principal amount of $20.0 million. We paid Deerfield a facility fee of $0.5 million and issued them warrants to purchase 6,000,000 shares of our common stock (the “Deerfield Warrants”). Under a royalty agreement, in exchange for $3.0 million that was recorded as royalty liability, we agreed to pay Deerfield 2.5% of the aggregate royalties on net sales of Fanapt, subsequent to the funding date, constituting a portion of the royalty revenue we receive from Novartis. The agreements with Deerfield also provided us with the option to repurchase the royalty rights for $40.0 million. On November 14, 2011, we entered into several agreements with Deerfield pursuant to which we agreed to pay them a substantial portion of the remaining future royalties on the sales of Fanapt in exchange for $5.0 million in cash that was recorded as royalty liability, a $10.0 million reduction in the principal amount owed to Deerfield under the existing facility agreement and a revised principal repayment schedule of $2.5 million per year for four years commencing in April 2013 to retire the remaining long-term debt of $10.0 million. Deerfield is entitled to the balance of our portion of the royalties on Fanapt (5.5% to 7.5% of net sales, net of the 2.5% we previously agreed to pay to Deerfield) up to specified threshold levels of net sales of Fanapt and 40% of the royalties above the threshold level. In February 2013, we amended the terms of the Deerfield Warrants to permit payment of the exercise price through the reduction of the outstanding loan. In February and March 2013, Deerfield exercised all of the Deerfield Warrants resulting in a $7.5 million reduction of our outstanding indebtedness. In April 2013, we made the last $2.5 million installment payment and our debt obligation to Deerfield was satisfied in full. On March 28, 2013, we amended the agreements with Deerfield terminating our option to repurchase the royalty rights. As a result, we recognized a gain on the extinguishment of the royalty liability of $9.0 million, which was recorded in other income, because we are no longer required to account for it as a liability. Additionally, we no longer recognize royalty income related to the Fanapt royalty payments received from Novartis. On November 12, 2013, we entered into a stock purchase agreement pursuant to which Braeburn made a $5 million equity investment in our company and the Third Amendment primarily to modify the amount and timing of the approval and sales milestone payments payable under the Agreement. While an agreement in principle with respect to a path forward has been reached with the FDA, details of the required additional clinical study in support of the Probuphine NDA, including size and the data analysis plan, have not yet been established. Accordingly, we cannot predict the timing of commencement or completion of the study. At December 31, 2013, we had cash of approximately $11.8 million, which we believe is sufficient to fund our planned operations into April 2015. Under the Agreement, as amended, Braeburn has the right to terminate based on the requirement for an additional clinical study in support of the NDA. If Braeburn were to exercise its right to terminate the Agreement, we would not have sufficient funds available to us to complete the FDA regulatory process and, in the event of ultimate approval, commercialize Probuphine without raising additional capital. If we are unable to complete a debt or equity offering, or otherwise obtain sufficient financing in such event, our business and prospects would be materially adversely impacted. Furthermore, in light of the substantial reduction in the milestone payment payable to us if the FDA ultimately approves Probuphine under the Third Amendment we may be unable to continue our current Parkinson’s disease development program and will not be able to pursue any additional programs beyond the very initial stages without obtaining additional financing, either through the sale of debt or equity securities, a corporate partnership or otherwise. We cannot assure you that the financing we need will be available on acceptable terms. The following table sets forth the aggregate contractual cash obligations as of December 31, 2013 (in thousands): Contractual obligations Operating leases Total contractual cash obligations Total < 1 year Payments Due by Period 1-3 years 3-5 years 5 years+ $ $ 525 $ 525 $ 208 $ 208 $ 317 $ 317 $ — $ — $ — — 23 Results of Operations Year Ended December 31, 2013 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2012 License revenues of approximately $9.1 million and $2.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012 reflect the amortization of the upfront license fee received from Braeburn in December 2012. Royalty revenues for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012 reflect royalties paid on sales of Fanapt, all of which were paid to Deerfield in accordance with our royalty sales agreement. We no longer recognize Fanapt royalty revenues since all of such royalties are paid to third parties. We generated no grant revenue during the year ended December 31, 2013 compared with $42,000 of NIH grant revenue during the year ended December 31, 2012 relating to our Probuphine program. Research and development expenses for 2013 were approximately $8.3 million compared to approximately $10.6 million in 2012, a decrease of approximately $2.3 million, or 22%. The decrease in research and development costs was primarily associated with a decrease in external research and development expenses related to completion of the product development program and preparation and review of the NDA for our Probuphine product with the FDA. External research and development expenses include direct expenses such as CRO charges, investigator and review board fees, patient expense reimbursements, expenses for NDA preparation and contract manufacturing expenses. During 2013, our external research and development expenses relating to our Probuphine product development program were approximately $3.5 million compared to approximately $5.4 million for 2012. Other research and development expenses include internal operating costs such as clinical research and development personnel-related expenses, clinical trials related travel expenses, and allocation of facility and corporate costs. As a result of the risks and uncertainties inherently associated with pharmaceutical research and development activities described elsewhere in this report, we are unable to estimate the specific timing and future costs of our clinical development programs or the timing of material cash inflows, if any, from our product candidates. General and administrative expenses for 2013 were approximately $3.1 million, compared to approximately $4.9 million in 2012, a decrease of approximately $1.8 million, or 37%. The decrease in general and administrative expenses was primarily related to decreases in non-cash stock compensation costs of approximately $1.3 million, employee-related costs of approximately $0.2 million and consulting and professional fees of approximately $0.3 million. Net other income for the year ended December 31, 2013 was approximately $10.6 million, compared to net other expense of approximately $6.8 million in the comparable period in 2012. The increase in net other income during the year ended December 31, 2013 was primarily related to approximately $9.0 million of other income generated by the termination of our royalty repurchase agreement with Deerfield, an approximately $1.9 million gain resulting from the $7.5 million settlement of our indebtedness to Deerfield as a result of Deerfield’s exercise of all of the Deerfield Warrants, a decrease in interest expense of approximately $3.3 million related to the Deerfield loans and approximately $3.5 million related to non-cash gains on changes in the fair value of warrants. This was offset in part by approximately $0.5 million of other expense related to unamortized transaction fees related to the initial Deerfield debt transaction. Our net income applicable to common stockholders for the year ended December 31, 2013 was approximately $9.7 million, or approximately $0.12 per share, compared to our net loss applicable to common stockholders of approximately $15.2 million, or approximately $0.23 per share, for the comparable period in 2012. Year Ended December 31, 2012 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2011 Our net loss applicable to common stockholders for 2012 was approximately $15.2 million, or approximately $0.23 per share, compared to our net loss applicable to common stockholders of approximately $15.2 million, or approximately $0.26 per share, for 2011. Our net loss for 2012 includes a non-cash loss of approximately $1.8 million resulting from increases in the fair value of warrants issued as part of the March 2011 Deerfield transaction and the April 2012 financing transaction. We generated royalty revenues during 2012 of approximately $4.8 million compared to approximately $3.6 million during 2011. We generated grant revenues during 2012 of approximately $42,000 compared to approximately $0.5 million during 2011. We generated licensing revenues of approximately $2.3 million during 2012. The licensing revenue consisted of approximately $1.7 million related to the premium paid on our common stock as part of the September 2012 stock purchase and option agreement with an affiliate of Braeburn and approximately $0.6 million related to the amortization of the non-refundable up-front license fee of $15.75 million (approximately $15.0 million, net of expenses) related to our licensing agreement with Braeburn. There were no revenues from licensing agreements in 2011. Royalty revenues during 2012 and 2011 consisted of royalties on sales of Fanapt. Grant revenues during 2012 and 2011 consisted of proceeds from NIH grants related to our Probuphine and ProNeura related programs. 24 Research and development expenses for 2012 were approximately $10.6 million compared to approximately $11.2 million in 2011, a decrease of approximately $0.6 million, or 5%. The decrease in research and development costs was primarily associated with a decrease in external research and development expenses related to the Phase 3 clinical trials of our Probuphine product which were completed in 2011. This was offset by expenses related to the preparation and submission of an NDA for a Probuphine product with the FDA in October 2012. External research and development expenses include direct expenses such as clinical research organization charges, investigator and review board fees, patient expense reimbursements and contract manufacturing expenses. During 2012, our external research and development expenses relating to our Probuphine product development program were approximately $5.4 million compared to approximately $7.7 million for 2011. Other research and development expenses include internal operating costs such as clinical research and development personnel- related expenses, clinical trials-related travel expenses, and allocation of facility and corporate costs. As a result of the risks and uncertainties inherently associated with pharmaceutical research and development activities described elsewhere in this report, we are unable to estimate the specific timing and future costs of our clinical development programs or the timing of material cash inflows, if any, from our products or product candidates. General and administrative expenses for 2012 were approximately $4.9 million, compared to approximately $3.4 million in 2011, an increase of approximately $1.5 million, or 44%. The increase in general and administrative expenses was primarily related to increases in non- cash stock compensation costs of approximately $0.8 million, employee-related costs of approximately $0.3 million, consulting and professional fees of approximately $0.3 million, fees paid to members of our board of Directors of approximately $0.1 million and facilities- related costs of approximately $0.1 million. This was offset in part by decreases in travel-related costs of approximately $0.1 million. Net other expense for 2012 was approximately $6.8 million, compared to approximately $4.7 million in 2011. The increase in net other expense during 2012 was primarily related to interest expense, net of approximately $4.9 million on the Deerfield long-term debt and a $1.8 million non-cash loss related to increases in the fair value of the warrants issued to Deerfield and the warrants issued as part of the April 2012 financing transaction. Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements We have never entered into any off-balance sheet financing arrangements and we have never established any special purpose entities. We have not guaranteed any debt or commitments of other entities or entered into any options on non-financial assets. Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk We held no marketable securities at December 31, 2013 and 2012. Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data. The response to this item is included in a separate section of this Report. See “Index to Financial Statements” on Page F-1. Item 9. Changes and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure. None. Item 9A. Controls and Procedures. (a) Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures: Our principal executive and financial officers reviewed and evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(e)) as of the end of the period covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Based on that evaluation, our principal executive and financial officers concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures are effective in timely providing them with material information relating to the Company, as required to be disclosed in the reports we file under the Exchange Act. (b) Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting: Internal control over financial reporting refers to the process designed by, or under the supervision of, our Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer, and effected by our board of directors, management and other personnel, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and includes those policies and procedures that: (1) Pertain to the maintenance of records that in reasonable detail accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of our assets; (2) Provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that our receipts and expenditures are being made only in accordance with authorization of our management and directors; and (3) Provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisitions, use or disposition of our assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements. 25 Internal control over financial reporting cannot provide absolute assurance of achieving financial reporting objectives because of its inherent limitations. Internal control over financial reporting is a process that involves human diligence and compliance and is subject to lapses in judgment and breakdowns resulting from human failures. Internal control over financial reporting also can be circumvented by collusion or improper management overrides. Due to such limitations, there is a risk that material misstatements may not be prevented or detected on a timely basis by internal control over financial reporting. However, these inherent limitations are known features of the financial reporting process. Therefore, it is possible to design into the process safeguards to reduce, though not eliminate, this risk. Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting for the company. Management has used the framework set forth in the report entitled Internal Control—Integrated Framework published by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission, known as COSO, to evaluate the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Based on this assessment, management has concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2013. The attestation report concerning the effectiveness of our internal controls over financial reporting as of December 31, 2013 issued by OUM & Co. LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, appears in Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. (c) Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting: There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13(a)-15(f) and 15(d)-15(f) under the Securities Act of 1934) during our most recent fiscal quarter that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting. Item 9B. Other Information. None. 26 Item 10. Directors; Executive Officers and Corporate Governance PART III Set forth below are the name, age and position and a brief account of the business experience of each of our executive officers and directors: Name Marc Rubin (1) Sunil Bhonsle Victor J. Bauer (2)(3) Eurelio M. Cavalier (1)(3)(4) M. David MacFarlane (2)(4) Ley S. Smith (1)(2)(4) (1) Member of Executive Committee (2) Member of Audit Committee (3) Member of Compensation Committee (4) Member of Nominating Committee Age 59 64 78 81 73 79 Office Director Since Executive Chairman of the Board President and Director Director Director Director Director November 2007 February 2004 November 1997 September 1998 May 2002 July 2000 Marc Rubin, M.D. served as our President and Chief Executive from October 2007 until December 2008 and was re-engaged as our Executive Chairman in May 2009. Until February 2007, Dr. Rubin served as Head of Global Research and Development for Bayer Schering Pharma, as well as a member of the Executive Committee of Bayer Healthcare and the Board of Management of Bayer Schering Pharma. Prior to the merger of Bayer Pharmaceuticals and Schering AG in June 2006, Dr. Rubin was a member of the Executive Board of Schering AG since joining the Company in October 2003, as well as Chairman of Schering Berlin Inc. and President of Berlex Pharmaceuticals, a division of Schering AG. From 1990 until August 2003, Dr. Rubin was employed by GlaxoSmithKline where he held positions of increasing responsibility in global clinical and commercial development overseeing programs in the United States, Europe, Asia and Latin America. From 2001 through 2003, he was Senior Vice President of Global Clinical Pharmacology & Discovery Medicine. Dr. Rubin holds an M.D. from Cornell University Medical College. Dr. Rubin currently serves on the board of directors of Curis Inc. and Galectin Therapeutics. Sunil Bhonsle served as our Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer from September 1995 until December 2008 and was re-engaged as our President in May 2009. Mr. Bhonsle served in various positions, including Vice President and General Manager— Plasma Supply and Manager—Inventory and Technical Planning, at Bayer Corporation from July 1975 until April 1995. Mr. Bhonsle holds an M.B.A. from the University of California at Berkeley and a B.Tech. in chemical engineering from the Indian Institute of Technology. Victor J. Bauer, Ph.D. serves as the President of Concordia Pharmaceuticals, LLC, a company he co-founded in 2004. From February 1997 through March 2003, Dr. Bauer was employed by Titan, most recently as our Executive Director of Corporate Development. From April 1996 until its merger into Titan, Dr. Bauer also served as a director and Chairman of Theracell, Inc. Since December 1992 Dr. Bauer has been a self-employed consultant to companies in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries. Prior to that time, Dr. Bauer was with Hoechst- Roussel Pharmaceuticals Inc., where he served as President from 1988 through 1992. Dr. Bauer holds an SB from MIT and a Ph.D. from the University of Wisconsin, and served as a Research Fellow at Harvard University. Eurelio M. Cavalier was employed in various capacities by Eli Lilly & Co. from 1958 until his retirement in 1994, serving as Vice President Sales from 1976 to 1982 and Group Vice President U.S. Pharmaceutical Business Unit from 1982 to 1993. 27 M. David MacFarlane, Ph.D. served as Vice President and Responsible Head of Regulatory Affairs of Genentech, Inc. from 1989 until his retirement in August 1999. Prior to joining Genentech, Inc., he served in various positions with Glaxo Inc., last as Vice President of Regulatory Affairs. Ley S. Smith served in various positions with The Upjohn Company and Pharmacia & Upjohn from 1958 until his retirement in November 1997. From 1991 to 1993 he served as Vice Chairman of the Board of The Upjohn Company, and from 1993 to 1995 he was President and Chief Operating Officer of The Upjohn Company. At the time of his retirement, Mr. Smith was Executive Vice President of Pharmacia & Upjohn, and President of Pharmacia & Upjohn’s U.S. Pharma Product Center. As indicated above, each of our directors has extensive management and operational experience in one or more facets of the pharmaceutical industry, including research, product development, clinical and regulatory affairs, manufacturing and sales and marketing, providing our company with the leadership needed by a biotechnology company in all stages of its development. Directors serve until the next annual meeting or until their successors are elected and qualified. Officers serve at the discretion of the board of directors, subject to rights, if any, under contracts of employment. See “Item 6. Executive Compensation—Employment Agreements.” Board Leadership Structure Currently, our principal executive officer and chairman of the board positions are held separately by Sunil Bhonsle and Marc Rubin, respectively. Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance Section 16(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), requires our executive officers, directors and persons who beneficially own more than 10% of a registered class of our equity securities to file with the Securities and Exchange Commission initial reports of ownership and reports of changes in ownership of our common stock and other equity securities. Such executive officers, directors, and greater than 10% beneficial owners are required by SEC regulation to furnish us with copies of all Section 16(a) forms filed by such reporting persons. Based solely on our review of such forms furnished to us and written representations from certain reporting persons, we believe that all filing requirements applicable to our executive officers, directors and greater than 10% beneficial owners were complied with during 2013. Code of Ethics We have adopted a Code of Business Conduct and Ethics (the “Code”) that applies to our directors, officers and employees, including our principal executive officer and principal financial and accounting officer, respectively. The Code is incorporated by reference into this annual report. A written copy of the Code will be provided upon request at no charge by writing to our Chief Financial Officer, Titan Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 400 Oyster Point Boulevard, Suite 505, South San Francisco, California 94080. Changes in Director Nomination Process for Stockholders None. Formation of Audit Committee and Financial Expert The Audit Committee (which is formed in compliance with Section 3(a)(58)(A) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) consists of Ley S. Smith, M. David MacFarlane and Victor J. Bauer, each of whom meets the independence requirements and standards currently established by the NYSE Amex (formerly the American Stock Exchange) and the SEC. In addition, the Board of Directors has determined that Mr. Ley Smith is an “audit committee financial expert” and “independent” as defined under the relevant rules of the SEC and the NYSE Amex. Item 11. Executive Compensation Compensation Committee Report The Compensation Committee has reviewed and discussed with management the following discussion and analysis of our executive compensation included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Based on such review and discussion with management, the Compensation Committee recommended to the board of directors that the following disclosure be included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2013. 28 The Compensation Committee: Eurelio M. Cavalier Victor J. Bauer Overview During 2013, Dr. Rubin and Mr. Bhonsle continued as our Executive Chairman and President, respectively, with compensation packages structured to reflect our current level of operations and resources. The key objectives for 2013 were to support the review by the FDA of the Probuphine NDA, and if approved, support Braeburn in the commercial launch of the product. The FDA issued a CRL on April 30, 2013 thereby delaying potential approval of Probuphine until additional clinical and other requirements are met (See Item 7: Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations). Efforts subsequent to receipt of the CRL have focused on working with Braeburn and the FDA to establish a path forward for potential resubmission of the NDA with the additional information requested by the FDA. This compensation discussion describes the material elements of compensation awarded to, earned by, or paid to each of our executive officers who served as named executive officers during the year ended December 31, 2013. This compensation discussion focuses on the information contained in the following tables and related footnotes and narrative for primarily the last completed fiscal year; however, we also describe compensation actions taken before or after the last completed fiscal year to the extent it enhances the understanding of our executive compensation disclosure. Compensation Program Objectives and Philosophy Our Compensation Committee currently oversees the design and administration of our executive compensation program. It reviews and approves all elements of compensation for each of our named executive officers taking into consideration recommendations from our principal executive officer (for compensation other than his own), as well as competitive market guidance. We define our competitive markets for executive talent to be the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries in northern California. To date, we have utilized the Radford Biotechnology Surveys, a third party market specific compensation survey, and, when applicable, other independent third-party compensation consultants to benchmark our executive compensation. The principal elements of our executive compensation program have historically been base salary, annual cash incentives, long-term equity incentives in the form of stock options, other benefits and perquisites, post-termination severance and acceleration of stock option vesting for certain named executive officers upon termination and/or a change in control. Our other benefits and perquisites have consisted of life, health and disability insurance benefits, and a qualified 401(k) savings plan. Our philosophy has been to position the aggregate of these elements at a level that is competitive within the industry and commensurate with our size and performance recognizing operational needs and limited financial resources during this period. During 2013, our operations continued to focus on efforts to realize maximum shareholder value from activities associated with our Probuphine and ProNeura development programs. Accordingly, our Compensation Committee continued a compensation plan which provides base salary and potential earnings through stock option and restricted stock awards. Base Salaries During 2013, the base salary of our named executives was reflective of the availability of resources and level of continuing operations. Dr. Rubin received an annual salary of $210,000 and Mr. Bhonsle received an annual salary of $300,000 pursuant to employment agreements, the compensation provisions of which expired by their terms on December 31, 2013. We have not determined what, if any changes there will be to the compensation agreements and Dr. Rubin and Mr. Bhonsle are currently continuing their employment at the same respective compensation levels. See “Employment Agreements” below. As we continue to evaluate the strategic alternatives for us going forward and our related human resource requirements, our Compensation Committee will continue to review appropriate base salaries for our executive officers. In making its determination, the Compensation Committee will consider the time commitment necessary and the roles our executives will play in implementing our plans. Long-term Equity Incentives We provide the opportunity for our named executive officers and other executives to earn a long-term equity incentive award. Long-term incentive awards provide employees with the incentive to stay with us for longer periods of time, which in turn, provides us with greater stability. Equity awards also are less costly to us in the short term than cash compensation. We review long-term equity incentives for our named executive officers and other executives annually. 29 Historically, for our named executive officers, our stock option grants were of a size and term determined and approved by the Compensation Committee in consideration of the range of grants in the Radford Survey, generally falling within the 50-75% range outlined in the survey. We have traditionally used stock options as our form of equity compensation because stock options provide a relatively straightforward incentive for our executives, result in less immediate dilution of existing shareholders’ interests and, prior to our adoption of FAS 123(R), resulted in less compensation expense for us relative to other types of equity awards. Generally, all grants of stock options to our employees were granted with exercise prices equal to or greater than the fair market value of our common stock on the respective grant dates. For a discussion of the determination of the fair market value of these grants, see “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Critical Accounting Policies and the Use of Estimates.” We do not time stock option grants to executives in coordination with the release of material non-public information. Our stock option grants have a 10-year contractual exercise term. In general, the option grants are also subject to the following post-termination and change in control provisions: Event • Termination by us for Reason Other than Cause, Disability or Death Award Vesting • Forfeit Unvested Options • Termination for Disability, Death or • Forfeit Unvested Options Retirement Exercise Term • Earlier of: (1) 90 days or (2) Remaining Option Period • Earlier of: (1) 2 years or (2) Remaining Option Period • Termination for Cause • Forfeit Vested and Unvested • Expire Options • Other Termination • Forfeit Unvested Options • Earlier of: (1) 90 days or (2) Remaining Option Period • Change in Control • Accelerated* • * * The Compensation Committee may provide that, in the event of a change in control, any outstanding awards that are unexercisable or otherwise unvested will become fully vested and immediately exercisable. If there is a termination of employment, the applicable termination provisions regarding exercise term will apply. The vesting of certain of our named executive officers’ stock options is accelerated pursuant to the terms of their employment agreements in certain change in control or other material events. These terms are more fully described in “—Employment Agreements” and “—Potential Payments upon Termination or Change in Control.” There were no long-term equity incentive awards to executive officers during 2013. In February 2014, Dr. Rubin and Mr. Bhonsle each received a restricted stock award of 100,000 shares, of which 25,000 vested immediately and the balance will vest on the first anniversary of the grant date. Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation Members of our Compensation Committee of the board of directors are Eurelio M. Cavalier and Victor J. Bauer. No member of our Compensation Committee was, or has been, an officer or employee of Titan or any of our former subsidiaries, except for Victor J. Bauer, who was employed by Titan from February 1997 through March 2003 as our Executive Director of Corporate Development and from April 1996 until its merger into Titan, Dr. Bauer also served as a Director and Chairman of a former subsidiary. Dr. Hubert Huckel served as a member of the Compensation Committee until his resignation from the board effective May 1, 2013. No member of the Compensation Committee has a relationship that would constitute an interlocking relationship with executive officers or directors of the Company or another entity. SUMMARY COMPENSATION TABLE The following table shows information concerning the annual compensation for services provided to us by our Chief Executive Officer, our Chief Financial Officer and our other executive officers for the periods set forth. Name and Principal Position Marc Rubin, M.D. Executive Chairman Sunil Bhonsle President and Chief Financial Officer Year Salary ($) Bonus ($) Options(1) Awards ($) Stock Awards(1) ($) All Other Compensation ($) Total Compensation ($) 2013 $ 210,000 $ 2012 $ 210,000 — $ 53,000 — $ 273,450 2013 300,000 — — 2012 300,000 75,000 328,140 — $ — — — — $ — $ 210,000 536,450 — 300,000 — 703,140 30 (1) Amounts shown represent the grant date fair value computed in accordance with FASB ASC 718. The assumptions used by us with respect to the valuation of option grants and stock awards are set forth in “Titan Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Financial Statements—Notes to Financial Statements—Note 12—Stock Plans.” For a description of the material terms of employment agreements with our current and former named executive officers, see “— Employment Agreements.” There were no grants of plan based awards to any named executive officer during the year ended December 31, 2013. Employee Benefits Plans The principal purpose of our stock incentive plans is to attract, motivate, reward and retain selected employees, consultants and directors through the granting of stock-based compensation awards. The stock option plans provides for a variety of awards, including non-qualified stock options, incentive stock options (within the meaning of Section 422 of the Code), stock appreciation rights, restricted stock awards, performance-based awards and other stock-based awards. 2002 Stock Incentive Plan In July 2002, we adopted the 2002 Stock Incentive Plan, or the 2002 Plan. Under the 2002 Plan, as amended, a total of approximately 7.4 million shares of our common stock were authorized for issuance to employees, officers, directors, consultants, and advisers. The 2002 Plan expired by its terms in July 2012. Options to purchase an aggregate of 4,170,153 shares of our common stock are currently outstanding under the 2002 Plan. 2001 Stock Option Plan In August 2001, we adopted the 2001 Employee Non-Qualified Stock Option Plan, or the 2001 NQ Plan, pursuant to which 1,750,000 shares of common stock were authorized for issuance for option grants to employees and consultants who are not officers or directors of Titan. The 2001 Stock Option Plan expired by its terms in August 2011. Options to purchase an aggregate of 1,199,500 shares of our common stock are currently outstanding under the 2001 NQ Plan. 2014 Incentive Plan On February 11, 2014, our board adopted the 2014 Incentive Plan, or the 2014 Plan, pursuant to which 2,500,000 shares of our common stock were authorized for issuance to employees, directors, officers, consultants and advisors. We intend to submit the 2014 Plan for approval by our stockholders within one year from the adoption date. On February 12, 2014, an aggregate of 617,000 shares of restricted stock were granted under the 2014 Plan to officers and employees, including 100,000 shares to each of Dr. Rubin and Mr. Bhonsle. On such date, we also granted options to purchase an aggregate of 200,000 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $0.66 per share. 31 OUTSTANDING EQUITY AWARDS AT FISCAL YEAR-END The following table summarizes the number of securities underlying outstanding plan awards for each named executive officer as of December 31, 2013. Name Marc Rubin, M.D. Sunil Bhonsle Option Awards Number of Securities Underlying Unexercised Options (#) Exercisable Number of Securities Underlying Unexercised Options (#) Unexercisable Option Exercise Price ($) 437,500 2,500 5,000 615,000 100,000 5,000 10,000 285,000 150,000 250,000 60,000 70,000 80,137 11,250 76,666 5,000 310,000 100,000 10,000 390,000 200,000 300,000 — $ — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 2.40 1.52 1.52 0.79 0.79 0.79 0.79 0.79 1.40 1.15 3.69 2.62 1.40 2.35 3.13 1.52 0.79 0.79 0.79 0.79 1.40 1.15 Option Expiration Date 10/01/2017 5/30/2018 5/30/2018 5/17/2019 5/17/2019 5/17/2019 5/17/2019 5/17/2019 4/15/2021 1/3/2022 2/9/2014 2/7/2015 1/3/2016 8/29/2016 1/3/2017 5/30/2018 5/17/2019 5/17/2019 5/17/2019 5/17/2019 4/15/2021 1/3/2022 The following table summarizes the option exercises by our named executive officers during 2013. Name Sunil Bhonsle Number of Shares Acquired on Exercise Value Realized on Exercise (1) 50,000 19,500 (1) Represents the amounts realized based on the difference between the market price of our common stock on the date of exercise and the exercise price. Pension Benefits We do not sponsor any qualified or non-qualified defined benefit plans. Nonqualified Deferred Compensation We do not maintain any non-qualified defined contribution or deferred compensation plans. The Compensation Committee, which is comprised solely of “outside directors” as defined for purposes of Section 162(m) of the Code, may elect to provide our officers and other employees with non-qualified defined contribution or deferred compensation benefits if the Compensation Committee determines that doing so is in our best interests. We sponsor a tax qualified defined contribution 401(k) plan in which Dr. Rubin and Mr. Bhonsle participated. 32 Employment Agreements During the year ended December 31, 2013, we were parties to employment agreements with Dr. Rubin and Mr. Bhonsle providing for base annual salaries of $210,000 and $300,000, respectively. Such agreements expired by their terms on December 31, 2013. Summary of Director Compensation DIRECTOR COMPENSATION The following table summarizes compensation that our directors earned during 2013 for services as members of our board. Name Victor J. Bauer, Ph.D. Eurelio M. Cavalier Hubert E. Huckel, M.D. (1) M. David MacFarlane, Ph.D. Ley S. Smith Fees Earned or Paid in Cash ($) $ 32,000 $ 32,000 5,000 32,500 31,500 Stock Awards ($) Options Awards ($) Non-Equity Incentive Plan Compensation ($) Nonqualified Deferred Compensation Earnings ($) All Other Compensation ($) Total ($) — $ — — — — — $ — — — — — $ — — — — — $ — — — — — $ — — — — 32,000 32,000 5,000 32,500 31,500 (1) Dr. Huckel resigned from his board position effective May 1, 2013. Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters. The following table sets forth, as of March 24, 2014, certain information concerning the beneficial ownership of our common stock by (i) each stockholder known by us to own beneficially five percent or more of our outstanding common stock; (ii) each director; (iii) each named executive officer; and (iv) all of our executive officers and directors as a group, and their percentage ownership and voting power. Name and Address of Beneficial Owner(1) Victor J. Bauer, Ph.D. Sunil Bhonsle Eurelio M. Cavalier M. David MacFarlane, Ph.D. Marc Rubin, M.D. Ley S. Smith Braeburn Pharmaceuticals BVBA SPRL All executive officers and directors as a group (6) persons Shares Beneficially Owned(2) Percent of Shares Beneficially Owned 311,144(3) 1,994,310(4) 452,500(5) 342,500(6) 2,467,200(7) 382,500(8) 9,650,000(9) 5,950,154 * 2.2% * * 2.7% * 10.8% 6.4% Less than one percent. * (1) Unless otherwise indicated, the address of such individual is c/o Titan Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 400 Oyster Point Boulevard, Suite 505, South San Francisco, California 94080. In computing the number of shares beneficially owned by a person and the percentage ownership of a person, shares of our common stock subject to options held by that person that are currently exercisable or exercisable within 60 days of March 24, 2014 are deemed outstanding. Such shares, however, are not deemed outstanding for purposes of computing the percentage ownership of each other person. Except as indicated in the footnotes to this table and pursuant to applicable community property laws, the persons named in the table have sole voting and investment power with respect to all shares of common stock. Includes 275,000 shares issuable upon exercise of outstanding options. Includes (i) 1,553,053 shares issuable upon exercise of outstanding options and (ii) 300,757 shares held in a family trust for which he serves as trustee. Includes 270,000 shares issuable upon exercise of outstanding options. Includes 220,000 shares issuable upon exercise of outstanding options. Includes 1,860,000 shares issuable upon exercise of outstanding options. Includes 270,000 shares issuable upon exercise of outstanding options. (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) 33 (9) Derived from a Schedule 13D filed by Braeburn, Apple Tree Consolidated BVBA Sprl (“ATC”), Apple Tree Investments S.a.r.l (“ATI”), Apple Tree Partners IV, L.P. (“ATP IV”), ATP III GP, Ltd. (“ATP GP”) and Seth L. Harrison (“Harrison”). ATP GP is the sole general partner of ATP IV. Harrison is the sole owner and director of ATP GP. As the sole owner of Braeburn, ATC may be deemed to own beneficially such shares. As the sole owner of ATC, ATI may be deemed to own beneficially such shares. As the sole owner of ATI, ATP IV may be deemed to own beneficially such shares. As the sole general partner of ATP IV, ATP GP may be deemed to own beneficially such shares. As the sole owner and director of ATP GP, Harrison may be deemed to own beneficially such shares. Each of the foregoing persons except Braeburn, disclaims beneficial ownership of such shares except to the extent of their pecuniary interest therein, if any. The address of the principal business office of Braeburn is Brugmannlaan 147, 1190 Vorst, Belgium. Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence The following members of our board of directors, representing a majority of our board, meet the independence requirements and standards currently established by the NYSE MKT: Victor J. Bauer, Eurelio M. Cavalier, M. David MacFarlane and Ley S. Smith. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions. None. Director Independence. The following members of our board of directors meet the independence requirements and standards currently established by the NYSE MKT: Victor J. Bauer, Eurelio M. Cavalier, M. David MacFarlane, and Ley S. Smith. During the fiscal year ended December 31, 2013, the Board of Directors met nine times and no director attended fewer than 75% of the meetings of the board and board committees of which the director was a member. Compensation Committee. The Compensation Committee makes recommendations to the Board of Directors concerning salaries and incentive compensation for our officers, including our Chief Executive Officer, and employees and administers our stock option plans. The Compensation Committee consists of Eurelio M. Cavalier, and Victor J. Bauer, each of whom meets the independence requirements and standards currently established by the NYSE MKT. The Compensation Committee did not meet or take action by written consent during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2013. Nominating Committee. The purpose of the Nominating Committee is to assist the Board of Directors in identifying qualified individuals to become board members, in determining the composition of the Board of Directors and in monitoring the process to assess Board effectiveness. The Nominating Committee consists of Eurelio M. Cavalier, M. David MacFarlane and Ley S. Smith, each of whom meets the independence requirements and standards currently established by the NYSE MKT. The Nominating Committee did not meet or take action by written consent during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2013. Audit Committee. The Audit Committee (which is formed in compliance with Section 3(a)(58)(A) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) consists of Ley S. Smith, M. David MacFarlane and Victor J. Bauer, each of whom meets the independence requirements and standards currently established by the NYSE MKT and the SEC. In addition, the board of directors has determined that Mr. Ley S. Smith is an “audit committee financial expert” and “independent” as defined under the relevant rules of the SEC and the NYSE MKT. The Audit Committee assists the board by overseeing the performance of the independent auditors and the quality and integrity of Titan’s internal accounting, auditing and financial reporting practices. The Audit Committee is responsible for retaining (subject to stockholder ratification) and, as necessary, terminating, the independent auditors, annually reviews the qualifications, performance and independence of the independent auditors and the audit plan, fees and audit results, and pre-approves audit and non-audit services to be performed by the auditors and related fees. During the fiscal year ended December 31, 2013, the Audit Committee met four times. Item 14. Principal Accounting Fees and Services. Aggregate fees billed by OUM & Co. LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, during the fiscal years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012 were as follows: Audit Fees Audit-Related Fees Tax Fees All Other Fees Total 2013 2012 161,500 $ — 18,990 — 180,490 $ 177,000 50,000 36,395 — 263,395 $ $ 34 Audit Fees—This category includes aggregate fees billed by our independent auditors for the audit of our annual financial statements, audit of management’s assessment and effectiveness of internal controls over financial reporting, review of financial statements included in our quarterly reports on Form 10-Q and services that are normally provided by the auditor in connection with statutory and regulatory filings for those fiscal years. Audit-Related Fees—This category consists of services by our independent auditors that, including accounting consultations on transaction related matters, are reasonably related to the performance of the audit or review of our financial statements and are not reported above under Audit Fees. Tax Fees—This category consists of professional services rendered for tax compliance and preparation of our corporate tax returns and other tax advice. All Other Fees—During the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012, OUM & Co. LLP did not incur any fees for other professional services. The Audit Committee reviewed and approved all audit and non-audit services provided by OUM & Co. LLP and concluded that these services were compatible with maintaining its independence. The Audit Committee approved the provision of all non-audit services by OUM & Co. LLP. Of the total number of hours expended during OUM & Co. LLP’s engagement to audit the Company’s financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2013, none of the hours were attributed to work performed by persons other than permanent, full-time employees of OUM & Co. LLP. Pre-Approval Policies and Procedures In accordance with the SEC’s auditor independence rules, the Audit Committee has established the following policies and procedures by which it approves in advance any audit or permissible non-audit services to be provided to us by our independent auditor. Prior to the engagement of the independent auditors for any fiscal year’s audit, management submits to the Audit Committee for approval lists of recurring audit, audit-related, tax and other services expected to be provided by the independent auditors during that fiscal year. The Audit Committee adopts pre-approval schedules describing the recurring services that it has pre-approved, and is informed on a timely basis, and in any event by the next scheduled meeting, of any such services rendered by the independent auditor and the related fees. The fees for any services listed in a pre-approval schedule are budgeted, and the Audit Committee requires the independent auditor and management to report actual fees versus the budget periodically throughout the year. The Audit Committee will require additional pre-approval if circumstances arise where it becomes necessary to engage the independent auditor for additional services above the amount of fees originally pre-approved. Any audit or non-audit service not listed in a pre-approval schedule must be separately pre-approved by the Audit Committee on a case-by-case basis. Every request to adopt or amend a pre-approval schedule or to provide services that are not listed in a pre-approval schedule must include a statement by the independent auditors as to whether, in their view, the request is consistent with the SEC’s rules on auditor independence. The Audit Committee will not grant approval for: • • • any services prohibited by applicable law or by any rule or regulation of the SEC or other regulatory body applicable to us; provision by the independent auditors to us of strategic consulting services of the type typically provided by management consulting firms; or the retention of the independent auditors in connection with a transaction initially recommended by the independent auditors, the tax treatment of which may not be clear under the Internal Revenue Code and related regulations and which it is reasonable to conclude will be subject to audit procedures during an audit of our financial statements. Tax services proposed to be provided by the auditor to any director, officer or employee of Titan who is in an accounting role or financial reporting oversight role must be approved by the Audit Committee on a case-by-case basis where such services are to be paid for by us, and the Audit Committee will be informed of any services to be provided to such individuals that are not to be paid for by us. In determining whether to grant pre-approval of any non-audit services in the “all other” category, the Audit Committee will consider all relevant facts and circumstances, including the following four basic guidelines: • whether the service creates a mutual or conflicting interest between the auditor and us; 35 • • • whether the service places the auditor in the position of auditing his or her own work; whether the service results in the auditor acting as management or an employee of our company; and whether the service places the auditor in a position of being an advocate for our company. PART IV Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statements Schedules. (a) 1. Financial Statements An index to Financial Statements appears on page F-1. 2. Schedules All financial statement schedules are omitted because they are not applicable, not required under the instructions or all the information required is set forth in the financial statements or notes thereto. 36 TITAN PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Reports of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2013 and 2012 Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011 Statements of Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit) for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011 Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011 Notes to Financial Statements Page F-2 F-4 F-5 F-6 F-7 F-8 F-1 REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM The Board of Directors and Stockholders of Titan Pharmaceuticals, Inc. We have audited the accompanying balance sheets of Titan Pharmaceuticals, Inc. as of December 31, 2013 and 2012, the related statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss), stockholders’ equity (deficit) and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2013. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits. We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit also includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion. In our opinion, the financial statements audited by us present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Titan Pharmaceuticals, Inc. at December 31, 2013 and 2012, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2013, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. /s/ OUM & Co. LLP San Francisco, California March 31, 2014 F-2 TITAN PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. BALANCE SHEETS Assets Current assets: Cash Receivables Prepaid expenses and other current assets Total current assets Property and equipment, net Total Assets Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit) Current liabilities: Accounts payable Accrued clinical trials expenses Other accrued liabilities Deferred contract revenue Current portion of long-term debt Total current liabilities Warrant liability Royalty liability Long-term debt, net of discount Total Liabilities Commitments and contingencies Stockholders’ equity (deficit): Preferred stock, $0.001 par value per share; 5,000,000 shares authorized, none issued and outstanding at December 31, 2013 and 2012. Common stock, at amounts paid-in, $0.001 par value per share; 125,000,000 shares authorized, 88,794,222 and 75,215,713 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively. Additional paid-in capital Accumulated deficit Total stockholders’ equity (deficit) Total Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit) See accompanying notes to financial statements. F-3 December 31, 2013 2012 (in thousands, except share and per share data ) $ $ $ 11,798 $ 4,818 204 16,820 1,603 18,423 $ 5,118 $ 118 293 5,317 — 10,846 1,817 — — 12,663 18,102 4,646 687 23,435 1,392 24,827 3,767 532 219 14,375 2,500 21,393 8,240 8,962 9,360 47,955 — — 284,485 21,692 (300,417) 5,760 18,423 $ 265,986 21,014 (310,128) (23,128) 24,827 $ TITAN PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) Years ended December 31, 2013 2012 (in thousands, except per share amount) 2011 Revenue: License revenue Royalty revenue Grant revenue Total revenue Operating expenses: Research and development General and administrative Total operating expenses Loss from operations Other income (expense): $ Interest expense, net Other income (expense), net Non-cash gain (loss) on changes in the fair value of warrants Other income (expense), net Net income (loss) and comprehensive income (loss) applicable to common stockholders $ $ Basic net income (loss) per common share Diluted net income (loss) per common share $ Weighted average shares used in computing basic net income (loss) per common share Weighted average shares used in computing diluted net income (loss) per common share See accompanying notes to financial statements. F-4 9,057 $ 1,424 — 10,481 8,309 3,063 11,372 (891) (1,568) 10,433 1,737 10,602 9,711 $ 0.12 $ 0.10 $ 82,099 2,325 $ 4,750 42 7,117 10,610 4,877 15,487 (8,370) (4,861) (183) (1,766) (6,810) (15,180) $ (0.23) $ (0.23) $ 66,509 — 3,585 483 4,068 11,206 3,368 14,574 (10,506) (6,430) (129) 1,862 (4,697) (15,203) (0.26) (0.28) 59,324 82,659 66,509 60,392 TITAN PHARMACEUTICALS, INC STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT) (in thousands) Common Stock Shares Amount Additional Paid-In Capital Accumulated Deficit 59,248 $ 256,436 $ 17,256 $ (279,745) $ (15,203) Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Total Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit) (6,053) (15,203) — $ 139 59,387 256,436 9,917 5,762 4,653 4,897 150 75,216 265,986 6,250 75 7,253 4,925 113 13,461 88,794 $ 284,485 $ 1,177 18,433 2,581 21,014 (294,948) (15,180) — (310,128) 9,711 — 678 21,692 $ (300,417) $ — $ — 1,177 (20,079) (15,180) 4,653 4,897 — 2,581 (23,128) 9,711 4,925 113 13,461 678 5,760 Balances at December 31, 2010 Net loss Issuance of common stock upon vesting of restricted stock awards Compensation related to stock options Balances at December 31, 2011 Net loss Issuance of common stock, net of issuance costs Issuance of common stock upon exercise of warrants Issuance of common stock upon vesting of restricted stock awards, net Compensation related to stock options Balances at December 31, 2012 Net income Issuance of common stock, net of issuance costs Issuance of common stock upon exercise of options Issuance of common stock upon exercise of warrants Compensation related to stock options Balances at December 31, 2013 See accompanying notes to financial statements. F-5 TITAN PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS Cash flows from operating activities: Net income (loss) Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash used in operating activities: Depreciation and amortization Non-cash gain on settlement of long-term debt Non-cash gain on termination of royalty purchase agreement Amortization of discount on long-term debt Interest on royalty liability Non-cash (gain) loss on changes in fair value of warrants Stock-based compensation Changes in operating assets and liabilities: Receivables Prepaid expenses and other assets Accounts payable Other accrued liabilities Deferred contract revenue Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities Cash flows from investing activities: Purchases of furniture and equipment Disposals of furniture and equipment Net cash used in investing activities Cash flows from financing activities: Proceeds from issuance of common stock from the exercise of stock options Proceeds from issuance of common stock and warrants, net of issuance costs Proceeds from the exercise of warrants, net of issuance costs Proceeds from royalty financing Proceeds from long-term debt, net Payments on long-term debt Net cash provided by financing activities Net increase (decrease) in cash Cash at beginning of period Cash at end of period Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information Interest paid Schedule of non-cash transactions Settlement of long-term debt Fair value of warrants at the time of exercise $ $ $ $ See accompanying notes to financial statements. F-6 Years ended December 31, 2013 2012 (in thousands) 2011 $ 9,711 $ (15,180) $ (15,203) 107 (1,860) (8,962) — — (1,737) 678 (172) 483 1,351 (340) (9,058) (9,799) (318) — (318) 113 4,925 1,275 — — (2,500) 3,813 (6,304) 18,102 11,798 $ 17 — — — (347) 1,766 2,581 (926) 149 (1,022) 417 14,375 1,830 (1,154) — (1,154) — 7,516 4,897 — — (393) 12,020 12,696 5,406 18,102 $ 32 — — 1,520 1,309 (1,862) 1,177 (2,495) (542) 2,332 (744) — (14,476) (236) 2 (234) — — — 8,000 16,500 (7,564) 16,936 2,226 3,180 5,406 1,568 $ 2,576 $ 1,652 7,500 $ 4,686 $ — $ — $ — — TITAN PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 1. Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies The Company We are a specialty pharmaceutical company developing proprietary therapeutics for the treatment of serious medical disorders. Our product development programs focus primarily on important pharmaceutical markets with significant unmet medical needs and commercial potential. We are directly developing our product candidates and also utilize corporate, academic and government partnerships as appropriate. Such collaborations have helped to fund product development and have enabled us to retain significant economic interest in our products. We operate in only one business segment, the development of pharmaceutical products. Our principal asset is Probuphine®, the first slow release implant formulation of buprenorphine in development for the long term maintenance treatment of opioid dependence. It is designed to maintain a stable, around the clock blood level of the medicine in patients for six months following a single treatment. Upon completion of the Phase 3 clinical studies of Probuphine, we participated in a pre- NDA meeting with the FDA, and subsequently prepared and submitted the NDA in October 2012. On April 30, 2013, the FDA issued a complete response letter to our NDA stating that it cannot approve the application in its present form and outlining the FDA’s request for additional clinical data demonstrating adequate clinical benefit to patients from this treatment, data from human factors testing of the training program for insertion and removal of the implants, as well as recommendations regarding product labeling, Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy and non-clinical safety data. We are committed to addressing these issues and have been working diligently with our commercialization partner in the United States and Canada, Braeburn Pharmaceuticals Sprl (“Braeburn”), and a team of proven, expert clinical and regulatory advisors with experience in assisting companies through similar regulatory processes. Following a meeting with the FDA on November 19, 2013 and subsequent discussions, we and Braeburn have agreed in principle with the FDA on a path forward, which along with other steps includes conducting an additional clinical study that is designed to provide a non-inferiority comparison of treatment with a dose of four Probuphine implants in stable patients undergoing maintenance treatment with 8mg or less per day of an FDA approved sublingual formulation of buprenorphine. The clinical study protocol has been submitted for FDA review and further details of the study and implementation plans will be available after completion of the FDA review. In December 2012, we entered into a license agreement with Braeburn Pharmaceuticals Sprl that grants Braeburn exclusive commercialization rights to Probuphine in the United States and Canada. We received a non-refundable up-front license fee of $15.75 million (approximately $15.0 million, net of expenses) and will receive a $15 million milestone payment upon approval by the FDA of the NDA. Additionally, we will be eligible to receive up to $165 million upon achievement of specified sales milestones and up to $35 million in regulatory milestones for additional indications, including chronic pain and tiered royalties on net sales ranging from the mid-teens to the low twenties. The accompanying financial statements have been prepared assuming we will continue as a going concern. At December 31, 2013, we had cash of approximately $11.8 million, which we believe is sufficient to fund our planned operations into April 2015. While an agreement in principle with respect to a path forward has been reached with the FDA, details of the required additional clinical study in support of the Probuphine NDA, including size and the data analysis plan, have not yet been established. Accordingly, we cannot predict the timing of commencement or completion of the study. Under the Agreement, as amended, Braeburn has the right to terminate based on the requirement for an additional clinical study in support of the NDA. If Braeburn were to exercise its right to terminate the Agreement, we would not have sufficient funds available to us to complete the FDA regulatory process and, in the event of ultimate approval, commercialize Probuphine without raising additional capital. If we are unable to complete a debt or equity offering, or otherwise obtain sufficient financing in such event, our business and prospects would be materially adversely impacted. Furthermore, in light of the substantial reduction in the milestone payment payable to us if the FDA ultimately approves Probuphine under the Third Amendment we may be unable to continue our current Parkinson’s disease development program and will not be able to pursue any additional programs beyond the very initial stages without obtaining additional financing, either through the sale of debt or equity securities, a corporate partnership or otherwise. We cannot assure you that the financing we need will be available on acceptable terms. F-7 TITAN PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued) Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Stock-Based Compensation We recognize compensation expense using a fair-value based method, for all stock-based payments including stock options and restricted stock awards and stock issued under an employee stock purchase plan. These standards require companies to estimate the fair value of stock-based payment awards on the date of grant using an option pricing model. See Note 12 “Stock Plans,” for a discussion of our stock- based compensation plans. Our non-cash stock-based compensation expense related to employees and non-employee members of our board of directors totaled $0.7 million, $2.6 million and $1.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, respectively. Warrants Issued in Connection with Equity Financing We generally account for warrants issued in connection with equity financings as a component of equity, unless there is a deemed possibility that we may have to settle warrants in cash. For warrants issued with deemed possibility of cash settlement, we record the fair value of the issued warrants as a liability at each reporting period and record changes in the estimated fair value as a non-cash gain or loss in the Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss). Cash, Cash Equivalents and Marketable Securities Our investment policy emphasizes liquidity and preservation of principal over other portfolio considerations. We select investments that maximize interest income to the extent possible given these two constraints. We satisfy liquidity requirements by investing excess cash in securities with different maturities to match projected cash needs and limit concentration of credit risk by diversifying our investments among a variety of high credit-quality issuers and limit the amount of credit exposure to any one issuer. The estimated fair values have been determined using available market information. We do not use derivative financial instruments in our investment portfolio. All investments with original maturities of three months or less are considered to be cash equivalents. Marketable securities, consisting primarily of high-grade debt securities including money market funds, U.S. government and corporate notes and bonds, and commercial paper, are classified as available-for-sale at time of purchase and carried at fair value. If the fair value of a security is below its amortized cost and we plan to sell the security before recovering its cost, the impairment is considered to be other-than-temporary. Other-than-temporary declines in fair value of our marketable securities are charged against interest income. We did not have cash equivalents or marketable securities as of December 31, 2013 and 2012 and for any of the periods presented. Property and Equipment Property and equipment are recorded at cost and depreciated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets ranging from three to five years. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of the lease term or the estimated useful life of the assets. F-8 TITAN PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued) Revenue Recognition We generate revenue principally from collaborative research and development arrangements, technology licenses, and government grants. Consideration received for revenue arrangements with multiple components is allocated among the separate units of accounting based on their respective selling prices. The selling price for each unit is based on vendor-specific objective evidence, or VSOE, if available, third party evidence if VSOE is not available, or estimated selling price if neither VSOE nor third party evidence is available. The applicable revenue recognition criteria are then applied to each of the units. Revenue is recognized when the four basic criteria of revenue recognition are met: (1) a contractual agreement exists; (2) transfer of technology has been completed or services have been rendered; (3) the fee is fixed or determinable; and (4) collectibility is reasonably assured. For each source of revenue, we comply with the above revenue recognition criteria in the following manner: • • • • Royalties earned are based on third-party sales of licensed products and are recorded in accordance with contract terms when third- party results are reliably measurable and collectibility is reasonably assured. Pursuant to certain license agreements, we earn royalties on the sale of Fanapt™ by Novartis in the U.S. As described in Note 4, “Agreement with Sanofi-Aventis SA” and Note 8, “Royalty Liability”, we are obligated to pay royalties on such sales to Sanofi-Aventis and Deerfield. As we have no performance obligations under the license agreements, we have recorded the royalties earned, net of royalties we are obligated to pay, as revenue in our Statement of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss). Collaborative arrangements typically consist of non-refundable and/or exclusive technology access fees, cost reimbursements for specific research and development spending, and various milestone and future product royalty payments. If the delivered technology does not have stand-alone value, the amount of revenue allocable to the delivered technology is deferred. Non- refundable upfront fees with stand-alone value that are not dependent on future performance under these agreements are recognized as revenue when received, and are deferred if we have continuing performance obligations and have no evidence of fair value of those obligations. Cost reimbursements for research and development spending are recognized when the related costs are incurred and when collections are reasonably expected. Payments received related to substantive, performance-based “at-risk” milestones are recognized as revenue upon achievement of the clinical success or regulatory event specified in the underlying contracts, which represent the culmination of the earnings process. Amounts received in advance are recorded as deferred revenue until the technology is transferred, costs are incurred, or a milestone is reached. Technology license agreements typically consist of non-refundable upfront license fees, annual minimum access fees or royalty payments. Non-refundable upfront license fees and annual minimum payments received with separable stand-alone values are recognized when the technology is transferred or accessed, provided that the technology transferred or accessed is not dependent on the outcome of our continuing research and development efforts. Government grants, which support our research efforts in specific projects, generally provide for reimbursement of approved costs as defined in the notices of grants. Grant revenue is recognized when associated project costs are incurred. Research and Development Costs and Related Accrual Research and development expenses include internal and external costs. Internal costs include salaries and employment related expenses, facility costs, administrative expenses and allocations of corporate costs. External expenses consist of costs associated with outsourced clinical research organization activities, sponsored research studies, product registration, patent application and prosecution, and investigator sponsored trials. We also record accruals for estimated ongoing clinical trial costs. Clinical trial costs represent costs incurred by CROs, and clinical sites. These costs are recorded as a component of research and development expenses. Under our agreements, progress payments are typically made to investigators, clinical sites and CROs. We analyze the progress of the clinical trials, including levels of patient enrollment, invoices received and contracted costs when evaluating the adequacy of accrued liabilities. Significant judgments and estimates must be made and used in determining the accrued balance in any accounting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates under different assumptions. Revisions are charged to expense in the period in which the facts that give rise to the revision become known. F-9 TITAN PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued) Net Income (Loss) Per Share Basic net income (loss) per share excludes the effect of dilution and is computed by dividing net income (loss) by the weighted-average number of shares outstanding for the period. Diluted net income (loss) per share reflects the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue shares were exercised into shares. In calculating diluted net income (loss) per share, the numerator is adjusted for the change in the fair value of the warrant liability (only if dilutive) and the denominator is increased to include the number of potentially dilutive common shares assumed to be outstanding during the period using the treasury stock method. The following table sets forth the reconciliation of the numerator and denominator used in the computation of basic and diluted net income (loss) per common share for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011: (in thousands, except per share amounts) Numerator: Net income (loss) used for basic earnings per share Less change in fair value of warrant liability Net (loss) income used for diluted earnings per share Denominator: Basic weighted-average outstanding common shares Effect of dilutive potential common shares resulting from options Effect of dilutive potential common shares resulting from warrants Weighted-average shares outstanding—diluted Net income (loss) per common share: Basic Diluted Years ended December 31, 2013 2012 2011 $ $ $ $ 9,711 $ 1,737 7,974 $ (15,180) $ — (15,180) $ 82,099 493 67 82,659 66,509 — — 66,509 0.12 $ 0.10 $ (0.23) $ (0.23) $ (15,203) 1,862 (17,065) 59,234 906 162 60,392 (0.26) (0.28) The table below presents common shares underlying stock options and warrants that are excluded from the calculation of the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding used for the calculation of diluted net income (loss) per common share. These are excluded from the calculation due to their anti-dilutive effect for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011: (in thousands) Weighted-average anti-dilutive common shares resulting from options Weighted-average anti-dilutive common shares resulting from warrants Comprehensive Income (Loss) Years ended December 31, 2013 2012 2011 2,628 675 3,303 4,213 3,011 7,224 2,399 1,841 4,240 Comprehensive income and loss for the periods presented is comprised solely of our net income and loss. Comprehensive income for the year ended December 31, 2013 was $9.7 million. Comprehensive loss for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011 was $15.2 million. Recent Accounting Pronouncements In July 2013, the FASB issued ASU No. 2013-11, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Presentation of an Unrecognized Tax Benefit When a Net Operating Loss Carryforward, a Similar Tax Loss, or a Tax Credit Carryforward Exists, providing guidance on the presentation of unrecognized tax benefits in the financial statements as either a reduction to a deferred tax asset or either a liability to better reflect the manner in which an entity would settle at the reporting date any additional income taxes that would result from the disallowance of a tax position when net operating loss carryforwards, similar tax losses or tax credit carryforwards exist. The amendments in this ASU do not require new recurring disclosures. The amendments in this ASU are effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2013. The amendments in this ASU should be applied prospectively to all unrecognized tax benefits that exist at the effective date. We do not expect the adoption of the amendments in this ASU will have a significant impact on our financial statements. F-10 TITAN PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued) Subsequent Events We have evaluated events that have occurred subsequent to December 31, 2013 and through the date that the financial statements are issued. Fair Value Measurements We measure the fair value of financial assets and liabilities based on authoritative guidance which defines fair value, establishes a framework consisting of three levels for measuring fair value, and requires disclosures about fair value measurements. Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. There are three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value: Level 1 – quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities; Level 2 – quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets or inputs that are observable; Level 3 – inputs that are unobservable (for example cash flow modeling inputs based on assumptions). Financial instruments, including cash, receivables, accounts payable and accrued liabilities are carried at cost, which we believe approximates fair value due to the short-term nature of these instruments. Our warrant liabilities are classified within level 3 of the fair value hierarchy because the value is calculated using significant judgment based on our own assumptions in the valuation of these liabilities. During the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012, as a result of the fair value adjustment of the warrant liabilities, we recorded a non-cash gain on a decrease in the fair value of $1,737,000 and a non-cash loss on an increase in the fair value of $1,766,000, respectively, in our statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss). See Note 9, “Warrant Liability” for further discussion on the calculation of the fair value of the warrant liability. F-11 TITAN PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued) The following table rolls forward the fair value of the Company’s warrant liability, the fair value of which is determined by Level 3 inputs for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012 (in thousands): Fair value, beginning of period Issuance of warrants Exercise of warrants Change in fair value Fair value, end of period 2. Property and Equipment December 31, 2013 2012 $ $ 8,240 $ — (4,686) (1,737) 1,817 $ 3,611 2,863 — 1,766 8,240 Property and equipment consisted of the following at December 31, 2013 and 2012 (in thousands): Furniture and office equipment Leasehold improvements Laboratory equipment Computer equipment Less accumulated depreciation and amortization Property and equipment, net 2013 2012 388 $ 408 2,318 1,043 4,157 (2,554) 1,603 $ 388 408 2,047 996 3,839 (2,447) 1,392 $ $ Depreciation and amortization expense was $107,000, $17,000 and $32,000 for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, respectively. 3. Research and License Agreements We have entered into various agreements with research institutions, universities, clinical research organizations and other entities for the performance of research and development activities and for the acquisition of licenses related to those activities. Expenses under these agreements totaled approximately $3,000, $3,000, and $36,000 in the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, respectively. We have no annual payment requirements to maintain our current licenses after 2015. Certain licenses provide for the payment of royalties by us on future product sales, if any. In addition, in order to maintain these licenses and other rights during product development, we must comply with various conditions including the payment of patent-related costs. 4. Agreement with Sanofi-Aventis SA In 1997, we entered into an exclusive license agreement with Sanofi-Aventis. The agreement gave us a worldwide license to the patent rights and know-how related to the antipsychotic agent iloperidone, including the ability to develop, use, sublicense, manufacture and sell products and processes claimed in the patent rights. We are required to make additional benchmark payments as specific milestones are met. Upon commercialization of the product, the license agreement provides that we will pay royalties based on net sales. F-12 TITAN PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued) 5. Iloperidone Sublicense to Novartis Pharma AG We are party to an agreement with Novartis, which, as amended, grants Novartis a worldwide sublicense to iloperidone (Fanapt®) in exchange for tiered royalties on net sales ranging from 8% to 10% and assumption of responsibility for all clinical development, registration, manufacturing and marketing of the product. Novartis currently has the right to commercialize Fanapt in the United States and Canada. Pursuant to agreements entered into during 2011,we sold substantially all of our remaining future royalties on the sales of Fanapt® to Deerfield, and accordingly the future royalty payments owed to us by Novartis will continue to be transmitted to Deerfield upon receipt from Novartis per the terms of the agreement with Deerfield. See Note 8, “Royalty Liability” for further discussion of our royalty liabilities. 6. Braeburn License In December 2012, we entered into the Agreement with Braeburn granting Braeburn exclusive commercialization rights to Probuphine in the United States and its territories, including Puerto Rico, and Canada. As part of the Agreement, we received a non-refundable up-front license fee of $15.75 million (approximately $15.0 million, net of expenses), and would have received $45.0 million upon approval by the FDA of the NDA as well as up to an additional $130.0 million upon achievement of specified sales milestones and up to $35.0 million in regulatory milestones for additional indications, including chronic pain. We would have received tiered royalties on net sales of Probuphine ranging from the mid-teens to the low twenties. On May 28, 2013, we entered into the Amendment to the Agreement primarily to modify certain of the termination provisions of the Agreement. The Amendment gives Braeburn the right to terminate the Agreement in the event that (A) after May 28, 2013, based on written or oral communications from or with the FDA, Braeburn reasonably determines either that the FDA will require significant development to be performed before approval of the Probuphine™ NDA can be given, such as, but not limited to, one or more additional controlled clinical studies with a clinical efficacy endpoint, or substantial post-approval commitments that may materially impact the product’s financial returns or that the FDA will require one or more changes in the proposed label, which change(s) Braeburn reasonably determines will materially reduce the authorized prescribed patient base, or (B) the NDA has not been approved by the FDA on or before June 30, 2014. The Amendment also provides that we will share in legal and consulting expenses in excess of a specified amount prior to approval of the NDA. On July 2, 2013, we entered into the Second Amendment to the Agreement primarily to establish and provide the parameters for a committee comprised of representatives of Titan and Braeburn responsible for and with the authority to make all decisions regarding the development and implementation of a strategic plan to seek approval from the FDA of Probuphine® for subdermal use in the maintenance treatment of adult patients with opioid dependence, including development of the strategy for all written and oral communications with the FDA. The Second Amendment also makes Braeburn the primary contact for FDA communications regarding the Probuphine NDA. On November 12, 2013, we entered into the stock purchase agreement pursuant to which Braeburn made a $5 million equity investment in our company and the Third Amendment primarily to modify the amount and timing of the approval and sales milestone payments payable under the Agreement. Under the Third Amendment, we are entitled to receive a $15 million payment upon FDA approval of the NDA, up to $165 million in sales milestones and $35 million in regulatory milestones. In addition, we are entitled to receive a low single digit royalty on sales by Braeburn, if any, of other continuous delivery treatments for opioid dependence as defined in the Third Amendment and can elect to receive a low single digit royalty on sales by Braeburn, if any, of other products in the addiction market in exchange for a similar reduction in our royalties on Probuphine. We have evaluated the revenue components of the agreement, which includes multiple elements, to determine whether the components of the arrangement represent separate units of accounting. We have determined that the non-refundable, up-front license fee of $15.75 million (approximately $15.0 million, net of expenses) and our costs up to the PDUFA date to be one deliverable which will be accounted for as a single unit of accounting. This amount will be recognized on a straight-line basis over the estimated period to reach FDA approval and meet the contract deliverables, including the transition of production and supply services of the product to Braeburn. Based on our understanding of subsequent steps to be performed following the PDUFA date related to the completion of the transition of production and supply services to Braeburn, we estimated the revenue recognition period from the up-front payment to be approximately 12 months from the date of the agreement. Accordingly, we recognized revenue for the up-front payment ratably from December 14, 2012, the date of the agreement, through March 31, 2013 at an amount equal to approximately $1.25 million per month. Following the receipt of the CRL in April 2013, we estimated the revenue recognition period for the up-front payment would be approximately 18 months from the date of the agreement. Accordingly, we recognized the remaining revenue from the up-front payment ratably from April 1, 2013 through September 30, 2013 at an amount equal to approximately $733,000 per month. Following our meeting with the FDA in November 2013 and subsequent discussions in which an agreement in principle with respect to a path forward has been reached with the FDA, we estimate the revenue recognition period for the up- front payment to be approximately 30 months from the date of the agreement. Accordingly, we will recognize the remaining revenue from the up-front payment ratably from September 30, 2013 at an amount equal to approximately $304,000 per month. As of December 31, 2013, we have recognized approximately $9.7 million in license revenue and recorded deferred revenues of $5.3 million related to the up-front payment. Internal and external research and development costs related to this product will be expensed in the period incurred. F-13 TITAN PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued) Under the Agreement, we will receive a $15.0 million milestone payment from Braeburn within 10 days following the achievement of FDA approval of the product NDA. As such, upon receipt of FDA approval our obligation will be fulfilled. As the milestone payment relates solely to past performance, i.e. FDA approval, we will recognize the $15.0 million regulatory milestone payment from Braeburn on the date of achievement of FDA approval in accordance with the milestone method of revenue recognition. Following FDA approval, we will be reimbursed by Braeburn for any development services and activities performed by us at Braeburn’s request. The Agreement also provides for a development committee. The duties of the development committee are to periodically report to each other, exchange information, and confer with and review the clinical development of the product and matters pertaining to regulatory approval. The development committee has no authority to approve or direct either party to take action, approve or withhold approval for any plan, budget, timeline or strategies, amend, modify or waive compliance with the Agreement, create new obligations or alter, increase or expand, or waive compliance with the Agreement, create new obligations not specified in the Agreement, or alter, increase or expand, or waive compliance by a party with obligations under the Agreement. The development committee can be disbanded upon mutual agreement of the parties and shall automatically disband six years after the NDA transfer date. Based on the above, we have determined that participation in the development committee is perfunctory and inconsequential, and is not considered a separate deliverable in the Agreement. 7. Commitments and Contingencies Financing Agreements On March 15, 2011, we entered into several agreements pursuant to which Deerfield agreed to provide $20.0 million in funding to us. Funding occurred on April 5, 2011 and we used approximately $7.6 million of proceeds from the Deerfield funding to repay a prior lender in full, including required final payments aggregating $480,000. Pursuant to the terms of a facility agreement, we issued Deerfield promissory notes in the aggregate principal amount of $20.0 million. The long-term debt bears interest at 8.5% per annum, payable quarterly, and was originally repayable over five years, with 10% of the principal amount due on the first anniversary, 15% due on the second anniversary, and 25% due on each of the next three anniversaries. We paid Deerfield a facility fee of $0.5 million. The long-term debt is secured by our assets and has a provision for pre-payment. Deerfield has the right to have the long-term debt repaid at 110% of the principal amount in the event we complete a major transaction, which includes, but was not limited to, a merger or sale of our company or the sale of Probuphine. In connection with the facility agreement, we issued Deerfield six-year warrants to purchase 6,000,000 shares of our common stock at an exercise price of $1.57 per share (See Note 9, “Warrant Liability” for further discussion). As a result of our April 2012 subscription agreements, and pursuant to the terms of the Deerfield Warrants, the exercise price of the Deerfield Warrants was adjusted to $1.25 per share. (see Note 11, “Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit)” for further discussion). We also entered into a royalty agreement with Deerfield in exchange for $3.0 million (see Note 8, “Royalty Liability” for further discussion). We recorded the promissory notes with an aggregate principal amount of $20.0 million at its face value less a note discount consisting of (i) $3.0 million cash discount, (ii) a $500,000 loan fee, and (iii) the $5.5 million fair value of the associated warrants. The note discount totaling $9.0 million was amortized using the interest method. On November 14, 2011, we entered into several agreements with Deerfield pursuant to which we agreed to pay a substantial portion of the remaining future royalties on the sales of Fanapt to Deerfield in exchange for $5.0 million in cash that was recorded as royalty liability (see Note 8, “Royalty Liability” for further discussion), a $10.0 million reduction in the principal amount owed to Deerfield under the existing facility agreement and a revised principal repayment schedule of $2.5 million per year for four years commencing in April 2013 to retire the remaining long-term debt of $10.0 million. We evaluated the November 2011 principal reduction and other amendments to the $20.0 million facility agreement and determined that the modifications should be accounted for as a troubled debt restructuring on a prospective basis. As a result, we recognized the difference between the carrying value of the long-term debt and the total required future principal and interest payments as interest expense over the remaining term using the interest method. On February 6, 2013, the facility agreement was amended to provide that the exercise price of the Deerfield Warrants could be satisfied through a reduction in the principal amount of our outstanding indebtedness to Deerfield. In February and March 2013, Deerfield exercised all of the Deerfield Warrants resulting in a reduction of our outstanding indebtedness to Deerfield of $7.5 million and, accordingly, cancellation of our obligation to make the 2014, 2015 and 2016 installment payments under the Facility Agreement. This resulted in a gain of $1.9 million which was recorded in Other Income (Expense). On April 1, 2013, we made the final principal payment of $2.5 million under the facility agreement. F-14 TITAN PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued) Lease Commitments We lease facilities under operating leases that expire at various dates through June 2016. Rent expense was $210,000, $203,000, and $214,000 for years ended December 31, 2013, 2012, and 2011, respectively. The following is a schedule of future minimum lease payments at December 31, 2013 (in thousands): 2014 2015 2016 and thereafter $ $ 208 211 106 525 Legal Proceedings There are no ongoing legal proceedings against our company. 8. Royalty Liability On March 15, 2011, under the royalty agreement with Deerfield, in exchange for $3.0 million that was recorded as royalty liability, we agreed to pay Deerfield 2.5% of the net sales of Fanapt, constituting a portion of the royalty revenue that we are entitled to under our sublicense agreement with Novartis. The agreements with Deerfield also provided us with the option to repurchase the royalty rights for $40.0 million. The $3.0 million received under the royalty agreement was recorded as a royalty liability in accordance with the appropriate accounting guidance as the related agreement includes a provision which allowed us to repurchase the royalty rights from Deerfield through a payment of a lump sum. Interest on the royalty liability was recognized using the interest method based on the estimated future royalties expected to be paid under the Royalty Agreement. Under the November 14, 2011 amended and restated royalty agreement, in exchange for an additional $5.0 million royalty liability, Deerfield is entitled to our portion of the royalties on Fanapt (5.5% to 7.5% of net sales, net of the 2.5% previously agreed to have been provided to Deerfield) up to specified threshold levels of net sales of Fanapt and 40% of the royalties above the threshold level. We retain 60% of the royalties on net sales of Fanapt above the threshold levels. The $5.0 million received was recorded as a royalty liability in accordance with the appropriate accounting guidance as the related agreement included a provision which allowed us to repurchase the royalty rights from Deerfield through a payment of a lump sum. Interest on this royalty obligation was recognized using the interest method based on the estimated future royalties expected to be paid under the royalty agreement. On March 28, 2013, we amended the agreements with Deerfield terminating our option to repurchase the royalty rights. As a result, we recognized a gain on the extinguishment of the royalty liability of approximately $9.0 million, which was recorded in other income, because we are no longer required to account for it as a liability. Additionally, we will no longer recognize royalty income related to the Fanapt royalty payments received from Novartis unless Fanapt sales exceed certain thresholds. 9. Warrant Liability On March 15, 2011, in connection with the facility agreement, we issued Deerfield six-year warrants to purchase 6,000,000 shares of our common stock at an initial exercise price of $1.57 per share. As a result of our April 2012 sale of equity, and pursuant to the terms of the Deerfield Warrants, the exercise price of the Deerfield Warrants was adjusted to $1.25 per share. The Deerfield Warrants contain a provision where the warrant holder has the option to receive cash, equal to the Black-Scholes fair value of the remaining unexercised portion of the warrant, as cash settlement in the event that there is a fundamental transaction (contractually defined to include various merger, acquisition or stock transfer activities). Due to this provision, ASC 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity requires that these warrants be classified as liabilities. The fair values of these warrants have been determined using the Binomial Lattice (“Lattice”) valuation model, and the changes in the fair value are recorded in the Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss). The Lattice model provides for assumptions regarding volatility and risk-free interest rates within the total period to maturity. F-15 On February 6, 2013, the facility agreement was amended to provide that the exercise price of the Deerfield Warrants could be satisfied through a reduction in the principal amount of our outstanding indebtedness to Deerfield. In February and March 2013, Deerfield exercised all of the Deerfield Warrants resulting in a $7.5 million reduction in the amount owed to Deerfield. On April 9, 2012, in connection with subscription agreements with certain institutional investors for the purchase and sale of 6,517,648 shares of our common stock, we issued (i) six-year warrants (“Series A Warrants”) to purchase 6,517,648 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $1.15 per share and (ii) six-month warrants (“Series B Warrants”) to purchase 6,517,648 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $0.85 per share. The Series A Warrants and Series B Warrants contain a provision where the warrant holder has the option to receive cash, equal to the Black Scholes fair value of the remaining unexercised portion of the warrant, as cash settlement in the event that there is a fundamental transaction (contractually defined to include various merger, acquisition or stock transfer activities). Due to this provision, ASC 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity requires that these warrants be classified as liabilities. The fair values of these warrants have been determined using the Lattice valuation model, and the changes in the fair value are recorded in the Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss). The Lattice model provides for assumptions regarding volatility and risk-free interest rates within the total period to maturity. During the year ended December 31, 2012, Series B Warrants to purchase 5,761,765 shares of common stock were exercised at a price of $0.85 per share. The remaining Series B Warrants to purchase 755,883 shares of common stock expired in October 2012. During the year ended December 31, 2013, Series A Warrants to purchase 1,109,010 shares of common stock were exercised resulting in gross proceeds of approximately $1,275,000. The remaining Series A Warrants to purchase 5,408,638 shares of common stock will expire in April 2018. The key assumptions used to value the Series A Warrants were as follows: Assumption Expected price volatility Expected term (in years) Risk-free interest rate Dividend yield Weighted-average fair value of warrants F-16 December 31, 2013 90% 4.27 1.4% 0.00% 0.34 $ TITAN PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued) 10. Guarantees and Indemnifications As permitted under Delaware law and in accordance with our Bylaws, we indemnify our officers and directors for certain events or occurrences while the officer or director is or was serving at our request in such capacity. The term of the indemnification period is for the officer’s or director’s lifetime. The maximum amount of potential future indemnification is unlimited; however, we have a director and officer insurance policy that limits our exposure and may enable us to recover a portion of any future amounts paid. We believe the fair value of these indemnification agreements is minimal. Accordingly, we have not recorded any liabilities for these agreements as of December 31, 2013. In the normal course of business, we have commitments to make certain milestone payments to various clinical research organizations in connection with our clinical trial activities. Payments are contingent upon the achievement of specific milestones or events as defined in the agreements, and we have made appropriate accruals in our financial statements for those milestones that were achieved as of December 31, 2013. We also provide indemnifications of varying scope to our CROs and investigators against claims made by third parties arising from the use of our products and processes in clinical trials. Historically, costs related to these indemnification provisions were immaterial. We also maintain various liability insurance policies that limit our exposure. We are unable to estimate the maximum potential impact of these indemnification provisions on our future results of operations. 11. Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit) Common Stock In November 2013, we entered into a stock purchase agreement with Braeburn pursuant to which we sold 6,250,000 shares of our common stock for an aggregate purchase price of $5.0 million, or $0.80 per share. In April 2013, 144,499 shares of common stock were issued to a former lender upon the cashless net exercise of 287,356 warrants in accordance with the terms of the warrants. In January and March 2013, Series A Warrants to purchase 1,109,010 shares of common stock were exercised resulting in gross proceeds of approximately $1,275,000. On February 6, 2013, the facility agreement with Deerfield was amended to provide that the exercise price of the Deerfield Warrants could be satisfied through a reduction in the principal amount of our outstanding indebtedness to Deerfield. In February and March 2013, Deerfield exercised the 6,000,000 Deerfield Warrants resulting in a $7.5 million reduction in the amount owed to Deerfield. In October 2012, Series B Warrants to purchase 4,627,941 shares of common stock were exercised resulting in gross proceeds of approximately $3,934,000. In September 2012, Series B Warrants to purchase 1,133,824 shares of common stock were exercised resulting in gross proceeds of approximately $964,000. In September 2012, we entered into a stock purchase and option agreement with an affiliate of Braeburn pursuant to which we sold 3,400,000 shares of our common stock for an aggregate purchase price of $4.25 million, or $1.25 per share, and agreed to an exclusive option period for execution of the proposed license agreement. The $1.7 million premium, or $0.50 per share, has been allocated to the fair value of the option agreement and was recorded as license revenue in 2012. F-17 TITAN PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued) In April 2012, we entered into subscription agreements with certain institutional investors for the purchase and sale, in a registered direct offering, of (i) 6,517,648 shares of our common stock, (ii) 6,517,648 Series A Warrants and (iii) 6,517,648 Series B Warrants for gross proceeds of $5,540,000 (the “Offering”). As a result of the Offering, and pursuant to the terms of the Deerfield Warrants, the exercise price of the Deerfield Warrants (See Note 9, “Warrant Liability” for further discussion) was adjusted to $1.25 per share. We recorded the gross proceeds from the Offering, net of (i) issuance costs of $0.5 million and (ii) the fair value of the Warrants of $2.9 million (see Note 9, “Warrant Liability”), as common stock paid-in in the Balance Sheets. As of December 31, 2013, warrants to purchase shares of common stock consisted of the following (in thousands, except per share price): Date Issued 12/18/2009 04/13/2012 Expiration Date 12/18/2014 04/13/2018 Exercise Price 2.13 $ 1.15 $ Outstanding at December 31, 2013 42 5,409 5,451 Shares Reserved for Future Issuance As of December 31, 2013, shares of common stock reserved by us for future issuance consisted of the following (in thousands): Stock options outstanding Shares issuable upon the exercise of warrants 12. Stock Plans 6,732 5,451 12,183 In July 2002, we adopted the 2002 Stock Incentive Plan (“2002 Plan”). The 2002 Plan assumed the options which remained available for grant under our option plans previously approved by stockholders. Under the 2002 Plan and predecessor plans, a total of 7.4 million shares of our common stock were authorized for issuance to employees, officers, directors, consultants, and advisers. In August 2005, we adopted an amendment to the 2002 Stock Incentive Plan (“2002 Plan”) to (i) permit the issuance of shares of restricted stock and stock appreciation rights to participants under the 2002 Plan, and (ii) increase the number of shares issuable pursuant to grants under the 2002 Plan from 2,000,000 to 3,000,000. Options granted under the 2002 Plan and predecessor plans may either be incentive stock options within the meaning of Section 422 of the Internal Revenue Code and/or options that do not qualify as incentive stock options; however, only employees are eligible to receive incentive stock options. Options granted under the option plans generally expire no later than ten years from the date of grant. Option vesting schedule and exercise price are determined at time of grant by the board of directors or compensation committee. Historically, the exercise prices of options granted under the 2002 Plan were 100% of the fair market value of our common stock on the date of grant. The 2002 Plan expired by its terms in July 2012. On December 31, 2013, options to purchase an aggregate of 4,280,153 shares of our common stock were outstanding under the 2002 Plan. In August 2001, we adopted the 2001 Employee Non-Qualified Stock Option Plan (“2001 NQ Plan”) pursuant to which 1,750,000 shares of common stock were authorized for issuance for option grants to employees and consultants who are not officers or directors of Titan. Options granted under the option plans generally expire no later than ten years from the date of grant. Option vesting schedule and exercise price were determined at time of grant by the board of directors or compensation committee. Historically, the exercise prices of options granted under the 2001 NQ Plan were 100% of the fair market value of our common stock on the date of grant. The 2001 Stock Option Plan expired by its terms in August 2011. On December 31, 2013, options to purchase an aggregate of 1,199,500 shares of our common stock were outstanding under the 2001 NQ Plan. F-18 TITAN PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued) Activity under our stock plans, as well as non-plan activity, is summarized below (shares in thousands): Balance at December 31, 2010 Options granted Options cancelled and expired Options forfeited Awards granted Awards issued Balance at December 31, 2011 Options granted Options cancelled and expired Awards issued Expiration of option plan Balance at December 31, 2012 Options exercised Options cancelled and expired Balance at December 31, 2013 Shares or Awards Available For Grant Number of Options and Awards Outstanding Weighted Average Exercise Price 3,393 (734) 45 55 (181) — 2,578 (1,718) 290 — (1,150) — — — — 5,115 $ 734 $ (241) $ (55) $ 181 $ (139) $ 5,595 $ 1,718 $ (290) $ (181) $ — $ 6,842 $ (75) $ (35) $ 6,732 $ 2.29 1.44 15.01 1.77 0.00 0.00 1.56 1.14 5.54 0.00 0.00 1.33 1.50 3.29 1.31 The 2002 Plan and the 2001 NQ Plan allow for stock options issued as the result of a merger or consolidation of another entity, including the acquisition of the minority interest of our former subsidiaries, to be added to the maximum number of shares provided for in the plan (“Substitute Options”). Consequently, Substitute Options are not returned to the shares reserved under the plan when cancelled. During 2013, 2012 and 2011, the number of Substitute Options cancelled was immaterial. F-19 TITAN PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued) Options for 6.7 million and 6.0 million shares were exercisable at December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively. The options outstanding at December 31, 2013 have been segregated into four ranges for additional disclosure as follows (options in thousands): Options Outstanding Weighted Average Remaining Life (Years) Options Exercisable Weighted Average Exercise Price Number Exercisable Weighted Average Exercise Price 6.32 $ 3.85 $ 3.27 $ 0.11 $ 5.75 $ 1.05 2.19 2.52 3.70 1.31 5,422 $ 601 $ 643 $ 62 $ 6,728 $ 1.05 2.19 2.52 3.70 1.31 Number Outstanding 5,423 604 643 62 6,732 Range of Exercise Prices $0.69 - $1.53 $1.54 - $2.38 $2.39 - $3.22 $3.23 - $4.06 $0.69 - $4.06 We use the Black-Scholes-Merton option-pricing model with the following assumptions to estimate the stock-based compensation expense for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011: Years Ended December 31, 2013 2012 2011 Weighted-average risk-free interest rate Expected dividend payments Expected holding period (years)(1) Weighted-average volatility factor(2) Estimated forfeiture rates for options granted to management(3) Estimated forfeiture rates for options granted to non-management(3) 0.92% — 3.9 1.38 23% 41% 0.91% — 5.1 1.75 23% 41% 2.3% — 5.4 1.71 23% 41% (1) Expected holding period is based on historical experience of similar awards, giving consideration to the contractual terms of the stock- based awards, vesting schedules and the expectations of future employee behavior. (2) Weighted average volatility is based on the historical volatility of our common stock. (3) Estimated forfeiture rates are based on historical data. No options or awards were granted during the year ended December 31, 2013. Based upon the above methodology, the weighted- average fair value of options and awards granted during the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011 was $1.09 and $1.38, respectively. F-20 TITAN PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued) The following table summarizes the stock-based compensation expense and impact on our basic and diluted loss per share for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011: (in thousands, except per share amounts) Research and development General and administrative Total stock-based compensation expenses Increase in basic net income (loss) per share Increase in diluted net income (loss) per share Years Ended December 31, 2012 2011 2013 $ $ $ $ 378 $ 300 678 $ (0.01) $ (0.01) $ 1,560 $ 1,021 2,581 $ (0.04) $ (0.04) $ 371 806 1,177 (0.02) (0.02) No tax benefit was recognized related to stock-based compensation expense since we have incurred operating losses and we have established a full valuation allowance to offset all the potential tax benefits associated with our deferred tax assets. No options to purchase common stock were granted to employees, directors and consultants during the year ended December 31, 2013. The following table summarizes option activity for the year ended December 31, 2013: (in thousands, except per share amounts) Outstanding at January 1, 2012 Exercised Cancelled Outstanding at December 31, 2013 Exercisable at December 31, 2013 Shares 6,842 $ (75) (35) 6,732 $ 6,728 $ Weighted Average Exercise Price Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term Aggregate Intrinsic Value 133 1.50 3.29 1.31 1.31 5.75 $ 5.75 $ — — As of December 31, 2013, there was approximately $2,000 of total unrecognized compensation expense related to non-vested stock options. This expense is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 0.24 years. There were no awards of restricted stock during the year ended December 31, 2013. There were no outstanding awards of restricted stock at December 31, 2013 that had not vested. F-21 TITAN PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued) 13. Income Taxes As of December 31, 2013, we had net operating loss carryforwards for federal income tax purposes of approximately $225.6 million that expire at various dates through 2033, and federal research and development tax credits of approximately $8.2 million that expire at various dates through 2033. We also had net operating loss carryforwards for California income tax purposes of approximately $157.7 million that expire at various dates through 2033 and state research and development tax credits of approximately $8.0 million which do not expire. Approximately $12.4 million of federal and state net operating loss carryforwards represent stock option deductions arising from activity under our stock option plans, the benefit of which will increase additional paid in capital when realized. Current federal and California tax laws include substantial restrictions on the utilization of net operating losses and tax credits in the event of an ownership change of a corporation. We have performed a change in ownership analysis through December 31, 2013 and, accordingly, all of our net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards are available to offset future taxable income, if any. Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes and operating loss and credit carryforwards. Significant components of our deferred tax assets are as follows (in thousands): Deferred tax assets: Net operating loss carryforwards Research credit carryforwards Other, net Deferred revenue Total deferred tax assets Valuation allowance Net deferred tax assets December 31, 2013 2012 $ $ 85,912 $ 13,481 3,962 2,116 105,471 (105,471) — $ 81,127 12,750 4,190 5,749 103,816 (103,816) — Realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon future earnings, if any, the timing and amount of which are uncertain. Accordingly, the net deferred tax assets have been fully offset by a valuation allowance. The valuation allowance increased by $1.7 million during 2013, increased by $3.1 million during 2012 and decreased by $1.3 million during 2011. Under ASC 718, the deferred tax asset for net operating losses as of December 31, 2013 excludes deductions for excess tax benefits related to stock based compensation. F-22 TITAN PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued) The provision for income taxes consists of state minimum taxes due. The effective tax rate of our provision (benefit) for income taxes differs from the federal statutory rate as follows (in thousands): Computed at 34% State taxes Book gains (losses) not currently benefited Other Disallowed interest expense Income from debt restructuring Revaluation of warrant liability Research and development credits Non-cash gain from termination of royalty purchase agreement Non-cash gain on settlement of long-term debt Total Year Ending December 31, 2012 2013 2011 3,301 $ 213 1,656 (476) 160 — (591) (583) (3,047) (632) 1 $ (5,134) $ (234) 3,120 1,901 1,363 (1,615) 600 — — — 1 $ (5,168) (228) (1,264) 2,746 1,457 2,462 — — — — 5 $ $ We had no unrecognized tax benefits or any amounts accrued for interest and penalties for the three year period ended December 31, 2013. Our policy will be to recognize interest and penalties related to income taxes as a component of income tax expense. We file tax returns in the U.S. Federal jurisdiction and some state jurisdictions. We are subject to the U.S. federal and state income tax examination by tax authorities for such years 1995 through 2013, due to net operating losses that are being carried forward for tax purposes. The Credit for Increasing Research Activities expired for amounts incurred after December 31, 2011. However, The American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012, which was signed into law on January 2, 2013, extended the credit for amounts incurred before January 1, 2014. The Act also retroactively restored the credit for amounts incurred in 2012. However, since the Act was not signed until January 2, 2013 the amount of credit generated in 2012 was not reflected in the deferred tax amounts as of December 31, 2012. The amount of this credit that was generated in 2012 was approximately $340,000. The deferred tax asset for this credit was increased by this amount in 2013. 14. Quarterly Financial Data (Unaudited) 2013 Total revenue Net income (loss) Basic net income (loss) per share Diluted net income (loss) per share 2012 Total revenue Net loss Basic net loss per share Diluted net loss per share 15. Subsequent events First Quarter Second Quarter Third Quarter Fourth Quarter (in thousands, except per share amount) $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 5,174 $ 6,001 $ 0.08 $ 0.07 $ 1,270 $ (5,163) $ (0.09) $ (0.09) $ 2,198 $ 5,064 $ 0.06 $ 0.00 $ 1,360 $ (1,724) $ (0.03) $ (0.06) $ 2,198 $ (1,145) $ (0.01) $ (0.01) $ 1,228 $ (8,013) $ (0.12) $ (0.12) $ 911 (209) (0.00) (0.00) 3,259 (280) (0.00) (0.00) In February 2014, we adopted the 2014 Incentive Plan (“2014 Plan”). Under the 2014 Plan, a total of 2.5 million shares of our common stock were authorized for issuance to employees, officers, directors, consultants, and advisers. F-23 (b) Exhibits No. 3.1 3.2 3.3 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 Description Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Registrant, as amended9 By-laws of the Registrant1 Certificate of Designations of Junior Participating Preferred Stock of Titan Pharmaceuticals, Inc.15 Registration Rights Agreement dated as of December 17, 20072 Registration Rights Agreement dated as of December 8, 20099 Warrant to Purchase Common Stock dated December 23, 2009 issued to Oxford Finance Corporation9 Form of Warrant13 Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of March 15, 201113 Form of Series A Warrant18 1998 Stock Option Plan3 2001 Non-Qualified Employee Stock Option Plan4 2002 Stock Option Plan5 Employment Agreement between the Registrant and Sunil Bhonsle, dated May 16, 2009, as amended by agreements dated February 17, 2010, December 30, 2011 and December 31, 20129, 16, 19 10.5 Employment Agreement between the Registrant and Marc Rubin, dated May 16, 2009, as amended by agreements dated February 17, 2010, December 30, 2011 and December 31, 2012,9 16, 19 10.6 10.7 10.8* 10.9* 10.10 10.11 10.12 Lease for the Registrant’s facilities, amended as of October 1, 20046 Amendments to lease for Registrant’s facilities dated May 21, 2007 and March 12, 20099 License Agreement between the Registrant and Sanofi-Aventis SA effective as of December 31, 19967 Sublicense Agreement between the Registrant and Novartis Pharma AG dated November 20, 19978 Loan and Security Agreement between the Registrant and Oxford Finance Corporation dated December 18, 20099 Stock Purchase Agreement between the Registrant and certain investors dated December 8, 20099 Amendment to Employment Agreement dated June 15, 2010 between the Registrant and Marc Rubin10 37 No. 10.13 10.14 Description Amendment to Employment Agreement dated June 15, 2010 between the Registrant and Sunil Bhonsle10 Amendment to lease for Registrant’s facilities dated June 15, 201011 10.15 Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement between the Registrant and Oxford Finance Corporation dated September 27, 201012 10.16 Facility Agreement, dated as of March 15, 2011, by and among the Company, Deerfield Private Design Fund II, L.P., Deerfield Private Design International II, L.P., Deerfield Special Situations Fund, L.P., and Deerfield Special Situations Fund International Limited13 10.17 Security Agreement, dated as of March 15, 2011, by and among the Company, Deerfield Private Design Fund II, L.P., Deerfield Private Design International II, L.P., Deerfield Special Situations Fund, L.P., and Deerfield Special Situations Fund International Limited13 10.18 Royalty Purchase Agreement, dated November 14, 2011, by and among the Company, Deerfield Private Design Fund II, L.P., Deerfield Special Situations Fund, L.P. and Horizon Sante TTNP SARL14 10.19 Amended and Restated Royalty Agreement, dated November 14, 2011 by and among the Company, Deerfield Private Design Fund II, L.P., Deerfield Special Situations Fund, L.P. and Horizon Sante TTNP SARL14 10.20 Amended and Restated Royalty Repurchase Agreement, dated November 14, 2011, by and among the Company, Deerfield Private Design Fund II, L.P., and Horizon Sante TTNP SARL14 10.21 Cash Management Agreement, dated November 14, 2011, by and among the Company, Deerfield Private Design Fund II, L.P., Deerfield Special Situations Fund, L.P. and Horizon Sante TTNP SARL14 10.22 Paying Agent Agreement, dated November 14, 2011, by and among the Company, Deerfield Management Company, L.P. and U.S. Bank National Association14 10.23 Agreement, dated as of November 14, 2011, by and among the Company, Deerfield Private Design Fund II, L.P., Deerfield Private Design International II, L.P., Deerfield Special Situations Fund, L.P., and Deerfield Special Situations Fund International Limited14 10.24 Form of Subscription Agreement dated April 9, 201218 10.25* License Agreement by and between Titan Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and Braeburn Pharmaceuticals Sprl, dated December 14, 201220 10.26 Amendment dated May 28, 2013 to License Agreement by and between Titan Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and Braeburn Pharmaceuticals Sprl 21 10.27 Second Amendment dated July 2, 2013 to License Agreement by and between Titan Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and Braeburn Pharmaceuticals Sprl 22 10.28 Third Amendment dated November 12, 2013 to License Agreement by and between Titan Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and Braeburn Pharmaceuticals Sprl 23 10.29 Stock Purchase Agreement dated November 12, 2013 by and between Titan Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and Braeburn Pharmaceuticals Sprl 23 10.30 2014 Incentive Plan 14.1 23.1 31.1 Code of Business Conduct and Ethics 24 Consent of OUM & Co., LLP, Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm Certification of the Principal Executive and Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13(a)-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 32.1 Certification of the Principal Executive and Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 101.INS** XBRL Instance Document 101.SCH** XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document 38 No. Description 101.CAL** XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document 101.DEF** XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document 101.LAB** XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document 101.PRE** XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) (18) (19) (20) (21) (22) (23) (24) * ** Incorporated by reference from the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form SB-2 (File No. 33-99386). Incorporated by reference from the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated December 27, 2007. Incorporated by reference from the Registrant’s definitive Proxy Statement filed on July 28, 2000. Incorporated by reference from the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2001. Incorporated by reference from the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2002. Incorporated by reference from the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2005. Incorporated by reference from the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-KSB for the year ended December 31, 1996. Incorporated by reference from the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-42367). Incorporated by reference from the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form 10. Incorporated by reference from the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2003. Incorporated by reference from the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended June 30, 2010. Incorporated by reference from the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended September 30, 2010. Incorporated by reference from the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on March 18, 2011. Incorporated by reference from the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on November 17, 2011. Incorporated by reference from the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on December 21, 2011. Incorporated by reference from the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on January 4, 2012. Incorporated by reference from the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2011. Incorporated by reference from the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on April 10, 2013. Incorporated by reference from the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on January 2, 2013. Incorporated by reference from the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K/A filed on February 28, 2013. Incorporated by reference from the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated May 29, 2013. Incorporated by reference from the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated July 5, 2013. Incorporated by reference from the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated November 13, 2013. Incorporated by reference from the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2012. Confidential treatment has been granted with respect to portions of this exhibit. Pursuant to Rule 406T of Regulation S-T, the interactive files on Exhibit 101.1 hereto are deemed not filed or part of a registration statement or prospectus for purposes of Sections 11 or 12 of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, are deemed not filed for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and otherwise are not subject to liability under those sections. 39 SIGNATURES Pursuant to the requirements of Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized. Date: March 31, 2014 TITAN PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. By: Name: Sunil Bhonsle Title: President /S/ SUNIL BHONSLE Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates stated. Signature /s/ Marc Rubin, M.D. Marc Rubin, M.D. /s/ Sunil Bhonsle Sunil Bhonsle /s/ Victor J. Bauer, Ph.D. Victor J. Bauer, Ph.D. /s/ Eurelio M. Cavalier Eurelio M. Cavalier /s/ Hubert E. Huckel, M.D. Hubert E. Huckel, M.D. /s/ M. David MacFarlane, Ph.D. M. David MacFarlane, Ph.D. /s/ Ley S. Smith Ley S. Smith /s/ Brian Crowley Brian Crowley Title Date Executive Chairman March 31, 2014 President and Director March 31, 2014 (principal executive officer and principal financial officer) Director Director Director Director Director Vice President, Finance (principal accounting officer) 40 March 31, 2014 March 31, 2014 March 31, 2014 March 31, 2014 March 31, 2014 March 31, 2014 No. 3.1 3.2 3.3 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 10.6 10.7 10.8* 10.9* 10.10 10.11 10.12 EXHIBIT INDEX Exhibits Description Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Registrant, as amended9 By-laws of the Registrant1 Certificate of Designations of Junior Participating Preferred Stock of Titan Pharmaceuticals, Inc.15 Registration Rights Agreement dated as of December 17, 20072 Registration Rights Agreement dated as of December 8, 20099 Warrant to Purchase Common Stock dated December 23, 2009 issued to Oxford Finance Corporation9 Form of Warrant13 Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of March 15, 201113 Form of Series A Warrant18 1998 Stock Option Plan3 2001 Non-Qualified Employee Stock Option Plan4 2002 Stock Option Plan5 Employment Agreement between the Registrant and Sunil Bhonsle, dated May 16, 2009, as amended by agreements dated February 17, 2010, December 30, 2011 and December 31, 20129, 16, 19 Employment Agreement between the Registrant and Marc Rubin, dated May 16, 2009, as amended by agreements dated February 17, 2010, December 30, 2011 and December 31, 2012,9 16, 19 Lease for the Registrant’s facilities, amended as of October 1, 20046 Amendments to lease for Registrant’s facilities dated May 21, 2007 and March 12, 20099 License Agreement between the Registrant and Sanofi-Aventis SA effective as of December 31, 19967 Sublicense Agreement between the Registrant and Novartis Pharma AG dated November 20, 19978 Loan and Security Agreement between the Registrant and Oxford Finance Corporation dated December 18, 20099 Stock Purchase Agreement between the Registrant and certain investors dated December 8, 20099 Amendment to Employment Agreement dated June 15, 2010 between the Registrant and Marc Rubin10 41 No. 10.13 10.14 Amendment to Employment Agreement dated June 15, 2010 between the Registrant and Sunil Bhonsle10 Amendment to lease for Registrant’s facilities dated June 15, 201011 Description 10.15 Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement between the Registrant and Oxford Finance Corporation dated September 27, 201012 10.16 Facility Agreement, dated as of March 15, 2011, by and among the Company, Deerfield Private Design Fund II, L.P., Deerfield Private Design International II, L.P., Deerfield Special Situations Fund, L.P., and Deerfield Special Situations Fund International Limited13 10.17 Security Agreement, dated as of March 15, 2011, by and among the Company, Deerfield Private Design Fund II, L.P., Deerfield Private Design International II, L.P., Deerfield Special Situations Fund, L.P., and Deerfield Special Situations Fund International Limited13 10.18 Royalty Purchase Agreement, dated November 14, 2011, by and among the Company, Deerfield Private Design Fund II, L.P., Deerfield Special Situations Fund, L.P. and Horizon Sante TTNP SARL14 10.19 Amended and Restated Royalty Agreement, dated November 14, 2011 by and among the Company, Deerfield Private Design Fund II, L.P., Deerfield Special Situations Fund, L.P. and Horizon Sante TTNP SARL14 10.20 Amended and Restated Royalty Repurchase Agreement, dated November 14, 2011, by and among the Company, Deerfield Private Design Fund II, L.P., and Horizon Sante TTNP SARL14 10.21 Cash Management Agreement, dated November 14, 2011, by and among the Company, Deerfield Private Design Fund II, L.P., Deerfield Special Situations Fund, L.P. and Horizon Sante TTNP SARL14 10.22 Paying Agent Agreement, dated November 14, 2011, by and among the Company, Deerfield Management Company, L.P. and U.S. Bank National Association14 10.23 Agreement, dated as of November 14, 2011, by and among the Company, Deerfield Private Design Fund II, L.P., Deerfield Private Design International II, L.P., Deerfield Special Situations Fund, L.P., and Deerfield Special Situations Fund International Limited14 10.24 Form of Subscription Agreement dated April 9, 201218 10.25* License Agreement by and between Titan Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and Braeburn Pharmaceuticals Sprl, dated December 14, 201220 10.26 Amendment dated May 28, 2013 to License Agreement by and between Titan Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and Braeburn Pharmaceuticals Sprl 21 10.27 Second Amendment dated July 2, 2013 to License Agreement by and between Titan Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and Braeburn Pharmaceuticals Sprl 22 10.28 Third Amendment dated November 12, 2013 to License Agreement by and between Titan Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and Braeburn Pharmaceuticals Sprl 23 10.29 Stock Purchase Agreement dated November 12, 2013 by and between Titan Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and Braeburn Pharmaceuticals Sprl 23 10.30 2014 Incentive Plan 14.1 23.1 31.1 Code of Business Conduct and Ethics 24 Consent of OUM & Co., LLP, Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm Certification of the Principal Executive and Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13(a)-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 32.1 Certification of the Principal Executive and Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 42 No. Description 101.INS** XBRL Instance Document 101.SCH** XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document 101.CAL** XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document 101.DEF** XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document 101.LAB** XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document 101.PRE** XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) (18) (19) (20) (21) (22) (23) (24) * ** Incorporated by reference from the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form SB-2 (File No. 33-99386). Incorporated by reference from the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated December 27, 2007. Incorporated by reference from the Registrant’s definitive Proxy Statement filed on July 28, 2000. Incorporated by reference from the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2001. Incorporated by reference from the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2002. Incorporated by reference from the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2005. Incorporated by reference from the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-KSB for the year ended December 31, 1996. Incorporated by reference from the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-42367). Incorporated by reference from the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form 10. Incorporated by reference from the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2003. Incorporated by reference from the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended June 30, 2010. Incorporated by reference from the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended September 30, 2010. Incorporated by reference from the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on March 18, 2011. Incorporated by reference from the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on November 17, 2011. Incorporated by reference from the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on December 21, 2011. Incorporated by reference from the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on January 4, 2012. Incorporated by reference from the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2011. Incorporated by reference from the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on April 10, 2013. Incorporated by reference from the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on January 2, 2013. Incorporated by reference from the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K/A filed on February 28, 2013. Incorporated by reference from the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated May 29, 2013. Incorporated by reference from the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated July 5, 2013. Incorporated by reference from the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated November 13, 2013. Incorporated by reference from the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2012. Confidential treatment has been granted with respect to portions of this exhibit. Pursuant to Rule 406T of Regulation S-T, the interactive files on Exhibit 101.1 hereto are deemed not filed or part of a registration statement or prospectus for purposes of Sections 11 or 12 of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, are deemed not filed for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and otherwise are not subject to liability under those sections. 43 TITAN PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. 2014 INCENTIVE PLAN Table Of Contents ARTICLE I PURPOSE ARTICLE II DEFINITIONS ARTICLE III EFFECTIVE DATE OF PLAN ARTICLE IV ADMINISTRATION Section 4.1 Section 4.2 Section 4.3 Section 4.4 Composition of Committee Powers Additional Powers Committee Action ARTICLE V STOCK SUBJECT TO PLAN AND LIMITATIONS THEREON Section 5.1 Section 5.2 Stock Grant and Award Limits Stock Offered ARTICLE VI ELIGIBILITY FOR AWARDS; TERMINATION OF EMPLOYMENT, DIRECTOR STATUS OR CONSULTANT STATUS Section 6.1 Section 6.2 Section 6.3 Section 6.4 Section 6.5 Eligibility Termination of Employment or Director Status Termination of Consultant Status Special Termination Rule Termination for Cause ARTICLE VII OPTIONS Section 7.1 Section 7.2 Section 7.3 Section 7.4 Section 7.5 Section 7.6 Section 7.7 Section 7.8 Option Period Limitations on Exercise of Option Special Limitations on Incentive Stock Options Option Agreement Option Price and Payment Stockholder Rights and Privileges Options and Rights in Substitution for Stock Options Granted by Other Corporations Prohibition Against Repricing ARTICLE VIII RESTRICTED STOCK AWARDS Section 8.1 Section 8.2 Section 8.3 Section 8.4 Restriction Period to be Established by Committee Other Terms and Conditions Payment for Restricted Stock Restricted Stock Award Agreements ARTICLE IX UNRESTRICTED STOCK AWARDS ARTICLE X RESTRICTED STOCK UNIT AWARDS Section 10.1 Section 10.2 Terms and Conditions Payments Page 1 1 7 7 7 7 8 8 8 8 9 9 9 9 10 11 11 11 11 11 12 12 13 13 13 13 14 14 14 15 15 15 15 15 15 Table Of Contents (continued) ARTICLE XI PERFORMANCE UNIT AWARDS Section 11.1 Section 11.2 Terms and Conditions Payments ARTICLE XII PERFORMANCE SHARE AWARDS Section 12.1 Section 12.2 Terms and Conditions Stockholder Rights and Privileges ARTICLE XIII DISTRIBUTION EQUIVALENT RIGHTS Section 13.1 Section 13.2 Terms and Conditions Interest Equivalents ARTICLE XIV STOCK APPRECIATION RIGHTS Section 14.1 Section 14.2 Terms and Conditions Tandem Stock Appreciation Rights ARTICLE XV RECAPITALIZATION OR REORGANIZATION Section 15.1 Section 15.2 Section 15.3 Section 15.4 Section 15.5 Adjustments to Common Stock Recapitalization Other Events Powers Not Affected No Adjustment for Certain Awards ARTICLE XVI AMENDMENT AND TERMINATION OF PLAN ARTICLE XVII MISCELLANEOUS Section 17.1 Section 17.2 Section 17.3 Section 17.4 Section 17.5 Section 17.6 Section 17.7 Section 17.8 Section 17.9 Section 17.10 Section 17.11 Section 17.12 Section 17.13 Section 17.14 Section 17.15 Section 17.16 Section 17.17 No Right to Award No Rights Conferred Other Laws; No Fractional Shares; Withholding No Restriction on Corporate Action Restrictions on Transfer Beneficiary Designations Rule 16b-3 Section 162(m) Section 409A Indemnification Other Plans Limits of Liability Governing Law Severability of Provisions No Funding Headings Terms of Award Agreements Page 16 16 16 16 16 16 17 17 17 17 17 18 19 19 19 19 19 20 20 20 20 21 21 21 22 22 22 23 23 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 ii TITAN PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. 2014 INCENTIVE PLAN ARTICLE I PURPOSE The purpose of this Titan Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 2014 Incentive Plan (the “Plan”) is to benefit the stockholders of Titan Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), by assisting the Company to attract, retain and provide incentives to key employees and directors of, and nonemployee consultants to, the Company and its Affiliates, and to align the interests of such employees, directors and nonemployee consultants with those of the Company’s stockholders. Accordingly, the Plan provides for the granting of Distribution Equivalent Rights, Incentive Stock Options, Non-Qualified Stock Options, Performance Share Awards, Performance Unit Awards, Restricted Stock Awards, Restricted Stock Unit Awards, Stock Appreciation Rights, Tandem Stock Appreciation Rights, Unrestricted Stock Awards or any combination of the foregoing, as may be best suited to the circumstances of the particular Employee, Director or Consultant as provided herein. ARTICLE II DEFINITIONS The following definitions shall be applicable throughout the Plan unless the context otherwise requires: “Affiliate” shall mean any corporation which, with respect to the Company, is a “subsidiary corporation” within the meaning of Section 424(f) of the Code. “Award” shall mean, individually or collectively, any Distribution Equivalent Right, Option, Performance Share Award, Performance Unit Award, Restricted Stock Award, Restricted Stock Unit Award, Stock Appreciation Right or Unrestricted Stock Award. “Award Agreement” shall mean a written agreement between the Company and the Holder with respect to an Award, setting forth the terms and conditions of the Award, and each of which shall constitute a part of the Plan. “Board” shall mean the Board of Directors of the Company. “Cause” shall mean (i) if the Holder is a party to an employment or similar agreement with the Company or an Affiliate which agreement defines “Cause” (or a similar term) therein, “Cause” shall have the same meaning as provided for in such agreement, or (ii) for a Holder who is not a party to such an agreement, “Cause” shall mean termination by the Company or an Affiliate of the employment (or other service relationship) of the Holder by reason of the Holder’s (A) intentional failure to perform reasonably assigned duties, (B) dishonesty or willful misconduct in the performance of the Holder’s duties, (C) involvement in a transaction which is materially adverse to the Company or an Affiliate, (D) breach of fiduciary duty involving personal profit, (E) willful violation of any law, rule, regulation or court order (other than misdemeanor traffic violations and misdemeanors not involving misuse or misappropriation of money or property), (F) commission of an act of fraud or intentional misappropriation or conversion of any asset or opportunity of the Company or an Affiliate, or (G) material breach of any provision of the Plan or the Holder’s Award Agreement or any other written agreement between the Holder and the Company or an Affiliate, in each case as determined in good faith by the Board, the determination of which shall be final, conclusive and binding on all parties. “Change of Control” shall mean (i) for a Holder who is a party to an employment or consulting agreement with the Company or an Affiliate which agreement defines “Change of Control” (or a similar term) therein, “Change of Control” shall have the same meaning as provided for in such agreement, or (ii) for a Holder who is not a party to such an agreement, “Change of Control” shall mean the satisfaction of any one or more of the following conditions (and the “Change of Control” shall be deemed to have occurred as of the first day that any one or more of the following conditions shall have been satisfied): (a) Any person (as such term is used in paragraphs 13(d) and 14(d)(2) of the Exchange Act, hereinafter in this definition, “Person”), other than the Company or an Affiliate or an employee benefit plan of the Company or an Affiliate, becomes the beneficial owner (as defined in Rule 13d-3 under the Exchange Act), directly or indirectly, of securities of the Company representing more than fifty percent (50%) of the combined voting power of the Company’s then outstanding securities; (b) The closing of a merger, consolidation or other business combination (a “Business Combination”) other than a Business Combination in which holders of the Common Stock immediately prior to the Business Combination have substantially the same proportionate ownership of common stock of the surviving corporation immediately after the Business Combination as immediately before; (c) The closing of an agreement for the sale or disposition of all or substantially all of the Company’s assets to any entity that is not an Affiliate; (d) The approval by the holders of shares of Common Stock of a plan of complete liquidation of the Company other than a liquidation of the Company into any subsidiary or a liquidation a result of which persons who were stockholders of the Company immediately prior to such liquidation have substantially the same proportionate ownership of shares of common stock of the surviving corporation immediately after such liquidation as immediately before; or (e) Within any twenty-four (24) month period, the Incumbent Directors shall cease to constitute at least a majority of the Board or the board of directors of any successor to the Company; provided, however, that any director elected to the Board, or nominated for election, by a majority of the Incumbent Directors then still in office, shall be deemed to be an Incumbent Director for purposes of this paragraph (e), but excluding, for this purpose, any such individual whose initial assumption of office occurs as a result of either an actual or threatened election contest with respect to the election or removal of directors or other actual or threatened solicitation of proxies or consents by or on behalf of an individual, entity or “group” other than the Board (including, but not limited to, any such assumption that results from paragraphs (a), (b), (c), or (d) of this definition). 2 Notwithstanding the foregoing, a “Change of Control” shall not be deemed to occur if the Company files for bankruptcy, liquidation or reorganization under the United States Bankruptcy Code. “Code” shall mean the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. Reference in the Plan to any section of the Code shall be deemed to include any amendments or successor provisions to any section and any regulation under such section. “Committee” shall mean a committee comprised of not less than three (3) members of the Board who are selected by the Board as provided in Section 4.1. “Common Stock” shall mean the common stock, par value $0.001 per share, of the Company. “Company” shall mean Titan Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a Delaware corporation, and any successor thereto. “Consultant” shall mean any non-Employee (individual or entity) advisor to the Company or an Affiliate who or which has contracted directly with the Company or an Affiliate to render bona fide consulting or advisory services thereto. “Director” shall mean a member of the Board or a member of the board of directors of an Affiliate, in either case. “Distribution Equivalent Right” shall mean an Award granted under Article XIII of the Plan which entitles the Holder to receive bookkeeping credits, cash payments and/or Common Stock distributions equal in amount to the distributions that would have been made to the Holder had the Holder held a specified number of shares of Common Stock during the period the Holder held the Distribution Equivalent Right. “Distribution Equivalent Right Award Agreement” shall mean a written agreement between the Company and a Holder with respect to a Distribution Equivalent Right Award. “Effective Date” shall mean February 11, 2014. “Employee” shall mean any employee, including officers, of the Company or an Affiliate. “Exchange Act” shall mean the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. 3 “Fair Market Value” shall mean, as determined consistent with the applicable requirements of Sections 409A and 422 of the Code, as of any specified date, the closing price for such date (or, in the event that the Common Stock is not traded on such date, on the immediately preceding trading date) on the Nasdaq Stock Market or a domestic or foreign national securities exchange (including London’s Alternative Investment Market) on which the Common Stock may be listed, as reported in The Wall Street Journal or The Financial Times. If the Common Stock is not listed on the Nasdaq Stock Market or on a national securities exchange, but is quoted on the OTC Bulletin Board or by the National Quotation Bureau, the Fair Market Value of the Common Stock shall be the mean of the high bid and low asked prices per share of the Common Stock for such date. If the Common Stock is not quoted or listed as set forth above, Fair Market Value shall be determined by the Board in good faith by any fair and reasonable means (which means, with respect to a particular Award grant, may be set forth with greater specificity in the applicable Award Agreement). The Fair Market Value of property other than Common Stock shall be determined by the Board in good faith by any fair and reasonable means, and consistent with the applicable requirements of Sections 409A and 422 of the Code. “Family Member” shall mean any child, stepchild, grandchild, parent, stepparent, spouse, former spouse, sibling, niece, nephew, mother-in-law, father-in-law, son-in-law, daughter-in-law, brother-in-law or sister-in-law, including adoptive relationships, any person sharing the Holder’s household (other than a tenant or employee of the Holder), a trust in which such persons have more than fifty percent (50%) of the beneficial interest, a foundation in which such persons (or the Holder) control the management of assets, and any other entity in which such persons (or the Holder) own more than fifty percent (50%) of the voting interests. “Holder” shall mean an Employee, Director or Consultant who has been granted an Award or any such individual’s beneficiary, estate or representative, to the extent applicable. “Incentive Stock Option” shall mean an Option which is intended by the Committee to constitute an “incentive stock option” under Section 422 of the Code. “Incumbent Director” shall mean, with respect to any period of time specified under the Plan for purposes of determining whether or not a Change of Control has occurred, the individuals who were members of the Board at the beginning of such period. “Non-Qualified Stock Option” shall mean an Option which is not an Incentive Stock Option. “Option” shall mean an Award granted under Article VII of the Plan of an option to purchase shares of Common Stock and includes both Incentive Stock Options and Non-Qualified Stock Options. 4 “Option Agreement” shall mean a written agreement between the Company and a Holder with respect to an Option. “Performance Criteria” shall mean the criteria that the Committee selects for purposes of establishing the Performance Goal(s) for a Holder for a Performance Period. “Performance Goals” shall mean, for a Performance Period, the written goal or goals established by the Committee for the Performance Period based upon the Performance Criteria. “Performance Period” shall mean one or more periods of time, which may be of varying and overlapping durations, selected by the Committee, over which the attainment of one or more Performance Goals or other business objectives shall be measured for purposes of determining a Holder’s right to, and the payment of, a Qualified Performance-Based Award. “Performance Share Award” shall mean an Award granted under Article XII of the Plan under which, upon the satisfaction of predetermined individual and/or Company (and/or Affiliate) performance goals and/or objectives, shares of Common Stock are paid to the Holder. “Performance Share Award Agreement” shall mean a written agreement between the Company and a Holder with respect to a Performance Share Award. “Performance Unit” shall mean a Unit awarded to a Holder pursuant to a Performance Unit Award. “Performance Unit Award” shall mean an Award granted under Article XI of the Plan under which, upon the satisfaction of predetermined individual and/or Company (and/or Affiliate) performance goals and/or objectives, a cash payment shall be made to the Holder, based on the number of Units awarded to the Holder. “Performance Unit Award Agreement” shall mean a written agreement between the Company and a Holder with respect to a Performance Unit Award. “Plan” shall mean this Titan Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 2014 Incentive Plan, as amended from time to time, together with each of the Award Agreements utilized hereunder. “Qualified Performance-Based Award” shall mean an Award intended to qualify as “performance-based” compensation under Section 162(m) of the Code. “Restricted Stock Award” shall mean an Award granted under Article VIII of the Plan of shares of Common Stock, the transferability of which by the Holder shall be subject to Restrictions. “Restricted Stock Award Agreement” shall mean a written agreement between the Company and a Holder with respect to a Restricted Stock Award. 5 “Restricted Stock Unit Award” shall mean an Award granted under Article X of the Plan under which, upon the satisfaction of predetermined individual service-related vesting requirements, a cash payment shall be made to the Holder, based on the number of Units awarded to the Holder. “Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement” shall mean a written agreement between the Company and a Holder with respect to a Restricted Stock Unit Award. “Restriction Period” shall mean the period of time for which shares of Common Stock subject to a Restricted Stock Award shall be subject to Restrictions, as set forth in the applicable Restricted Stock Award Agreement. “Restrictions” shall mean forfeiture, transfer and/or other restrictions applicable to shares of Common Stock awarded to an Employee, Director or Consultant under the Plan pursuant to a Restricted Stock Award and set forth in a Restricted Stock Award Agreement. “Rule 16b-3” shall mean Rule 16b-3 promulgated by the Securities and Exchange Commission under the Exchange Act, as such may be amended from time to time, and any successor rule, regulation or statute fulfilling the same or a substantially similar function. “Stock Appreciation Right” shall mean an Award granted under Article XIV of the Plan of a right, granted alone or in connection with a related Option, to receive a payment on the date of exercise. “Stock Appreciation Right Award Agreement” shall mean a written agreement between the Company and a Holder with respect to a Stock Appreciation Right. “Tandem Stock Appreciation Right” shall mean a Stock Appreciation Right granted in connection with a related Option, the exercise of which shall result in termination of the otherwise entitlement to purchase some or all of the shares of Common Stock under the related Option, all as set forth in Section 14.2. “Ten Percent Stockholder” shall mean an Employee who, at the time an Incentive Stock Option is granted to him or her, owns stock possessing more than ten percent (10%) of the total combined voting power of all classes of stock of the Company or of any parent corporation or subsidiary corporation thereof (both as defined in Section 424 of the Code), within the meaning of Section 422(b)(6) of the Code. “Total and Permanent Disability” shall mean the inability to engage in any substantial gainful activity by reason of any medically determinable physical or mental impairment which can be expected to result in death or which has lasted or can be expected to last for a continuous period of not less than twelve (12) months, all as described in Section 22(e)(3) of the Code. “Units” shall mean bookkeeping units, each of which represents such monetary amount as shall be designated by the Committee in each Performance Unit Award Agreement, or represents one (1) share of Common Stock for purposes of each Restricted Stock Unit Award. 6 “Unrestricted Stock Award” shall mean an Award granted under Article IX of the Plan of shares of Common Stock which are not subject to Restrictions. “Unrestricted Stock Award Agreement” shall mean a written agreement between the Company and a Holder with respect to an Unrestricted Stock Award. ARTICLE III EFFECTIVE DATE OF PLAN The Plan shall be effective as of the Effective Date. ARTICLE IV ADMINISTRATION Section 4.1 Composition of Committee. The Plan shall be administered by the Committee, which shall be appointed by the Board. At any time that the Common Stock is registered under Section 12 of the Exchange Act, the Committee shall consist solely of three (3) or more Directors who are each (i) “outside directors” within the meaning of Section 162(m) of the Code (“Outside Directors”), (ii) “non- employee directors” within the meaning of Rule 16b-3 (“Non-Employee Directors”) and (iii) “independent” for purposes of any applicable listing requirements; provided, however, that the Board or the Committee may delegate to a committee of one or more members of the Board who are not (x) Outside Directors, the authority to grant Awards to eligible persons who are not (A) then “covered employees” within the meaning of Section 162(m) of the Code and are not expected to be “covered employees” at the time of recognition of income resulting from such Award, or (B) persons with respect to whom the Company wishes to comply with the requirements of Section 162(m) of the Code, and/or (y) Non-Employee Directors, the authority to grant Awards to eligible persons who are not then subject to the requirements of Section 16 of the Exchange Act. If a member of the Committee shall be eligible to receive an Award under the Plan, such Committee member shall have no authority hereunder with respect to his or her own Award. Section 4.2 Powers. Subject to the provisions of the Plan, the Committee shall have the sole authority, in its discretion, to make all determinations under the Plan, including but not limited to determining which Employees, Directors or Consultants shall receive an Award, the time or times when an Award shall be made (the date of grant of an Award shall be the date on which the Award is awarded by the Committee), what type of Award shall be granted, the term of an Award, the date or dates on which an Award vests (including acceleration of vesting), the form of any payment to be made pursuant to an Award, the terms and conditions of an Award (including the forfeiture of the Award (and/or any financial gain) if the Holder of the Award violates any applicable restrictive covenant thereof), the Restrictions under a Restricted Stock Award and the number of shares of Common Stock which may be issued under an Award, all as applicable. In making such determinations the Committee may take into account the nature of the services rendered by the respective Employees, Directors and Consultants, their present and potential contribution to the Company’s (or the Affiliate’s) success and such other factors as the Committee in its discretion shall deem relevant. 7 Section 4.3 Additional Powers. The Committee shall have such additional powers as are delegated to it under the other provisions of the Plan. Subject to the express provisions of the Plan, the Committee is authorized to construe the Plan and the respective Award Agreements executed hereunder, to prescribe such rules and regulations relating to the Plan as it may deem advisable to carry out the intent of the Plan, and to determine the terms, restrictions and provisions of each Award, including such terms, restrictions and provisions as shall be requisite in the judgment of the Committee to cause designated Options to qualify as Incentive Stock Options, and to make all other determinations necessary or advisable for administering the Plan. The Committee may correct any defect or supply any omission or reconcile any inconsistency in any Award Agreement in the manner and to the extent it shall deem expedient to carry it into effect. The determinations of the Committee on the matters referred to in this Article IV shall be conclusive and binding on the Company and all Holders. Section 4.4 Committee Action. In the absence of specific rules to the contrary, action by the Committee shall require the consent of a majority of the members of the Committee, expressed either orally at a meeting of the Committee or in writing in the absence of a meeting. No member of the Committee shall have any liability for any good faith action, inaction or determination in connection with the Plan. ARTICLE V STOCK SUBJECT TO PLAN AND LIMITATIONS THEREON Section 5.1 Stock Grant and Award Limits. The Committee may from time to time grant Awards to one or more Employees, Directors and/or Consultants determined by it to be eligible for participation in the Plan in accordance with the provisions of Article VI. Subject to Article XV, the aggregate number of shares of Common Stock that may be issued under the Plan shall not exceed two million five hundred thousand (2,500,000) shares. Shares shall be deemed to have been issued under the Plan solely to the extent actually issued and delivered pursuant to an Award. To the extent that an Award lapses, expires, is canceled, is terminated unexercised or ceases to be exercisable for any reason, or the rights of its Holder terminate, any shares of Common Stock subject to such Award shall again be available for the grant of a new Award. Notwithstanding any provision in the Plan to the contrary, the maximum number of shares of Common Stock that may be subject to Awards of Options under Article VII and/or Stock Appreciation Rights under Article XIV, in either or both cases granted to any one Employee during any calendar year, shall be five hundred thousand (500,000) shares (subject to adjustment in the same manner as provided in Article XV with respect to shares of Common Stock subject to Awards then outstanding). The limitation set forth in the preceding sentence shall be applied in a manner which shall permit compensation generated in connection with the exercise of Options or Stock Appreciation Rights to constitute “performance-based” compensation for purposes of Section 162(m) of the Code, including, but not limited to, counting against such maximum number of shares, to the extent required under Section 162(m) of the Code, any shares subject to Options or Stock Appreciation Rights that are canceled or repriced. 8 Section 5.2 Stock Offered. The stock to be offered pursuant to the grant of an Award may be authorized but unissued Common Stock, Common Stock purchased on the open market or Common Stock previously issued and outstanding and reacquired by the Company. ARTICLE VI ELIGIBILITY FOR AWARDS; TERMINATION OF EMPLOYMENT, DIRECTOR STATUS OR CONSULTANT STATUS Section 6.1 Eligibility. Awards made under the Plan may be granted solely to persons or entities who, at the time of grant, are Employees, Directors or Consultants. An Award may be granted on more than one occasion to the same Employee, Director or Consultant, and, subject to the limitations set forth in the Plan, such Award may include, a Non-Qualified Stock Option, a Restricted Stock Award, an Unrestricted Stock Award, a Distribution Equivalent Right Award, a Performance Stock Award, a Performance Unit Award, a Stock Appreciation Right, a Tandem Stock Appreciation Right, any combination thereof or, solely for Employees, an Incentive Stock Option. Section 6.2 Termination of Employment or Director Status. Except to the extent inconsistent with the terms of the applicable Award Agreement and/or the provisions of Section 6.4 or 6.5, and except as the Committee, in its sole discretion and consistent with Section 409A of the Code, may determine otherwise, the following terms and conditions shall apply with respect to the termination of a Holder’s employment with, or status as a Director of, the Company or an Affiliate, as applicable, for any reason, including, without limitation, Total and Permanent Disability or death: (a) The Holder’s rights, if any, to exercise any then exercisable Incentive Stock Options, Non-Qualified Stock Options and/or Stock Appreciation Rights, as applicable, shall terminate: after the date of such termination of employment or after the date of such termination of Director status; (i) If such termination is for a reason other than the Holder’s Total and Permanent Disability or death, three (3) months termination of employment or Director status; or (ii) If such termination is on account of the Holder’s Total and Permanent Disability, one (1) year after the date of such (iii) If such termination is on account of the Holder’s death, one (1) year after the date of the Holder’s death. Upon such applicable date the Holder (and such Holder’s estate, designated beneficiary or other legal representative) shall forfeit any rights or interests in or with respect to any such Incentive Stock Options, Non-Qualified Stock Options and Stock Appreciation Rights. 9 (b) If a Holder’s employment with, or status as a Director of, the Company or an Affiliate, as applicable, terminates for any reason prior to the actual or deemed satisfaction and/or lapse of the Restrictions, vesting requirements, terms and conditions applicable to a Restricted Stock Award and/or Restricted Stock Unit Award, such Restricted Stock and/or Restricted Stock Units shall immediately be canceled, and the Holder (and such Holder’s estate, designated beneficiary or other legal representative) shall forfeit any rights or interests in and with respect to any such Restricted Stock and/or Restricted Stock Units. The immediately preceding sentence to the contrary notwithstanding, the Committee, in its sole discretion, may determine, prior to or within thirty (30) days after the date of such termination of employment or Director status, that all or a portion of any such Holder’s Restricted Stock and/or Restricted Stock Units shall not be so canceled and forfeited. Section 6.3 Termination of Consultant Status. Except to the extent inconsistent with the terms of the applicable Award Agreement and/or the provisions of Section 6.4 or 6.5, the following terms and conditions shall apply with respect to the termination of a Holder’s status as a Consultant, for any reason: (a) The Holder’s rights, if any, to exercise any then exercisable Non-Qualified Stock Options and/or Stock Appreciation Rights shall terminate: or (i) If such termination is for a reason other than the Holder’s death, three (3) months after the date of such termination; (ii) If such termination is on account of the Holder’s death, one (1) year after the date of the Holder’s death. (b) If the status of a Holder as a Consultant terminates for any reason prior to the actual or deemed satisfaction and/or lapse of the Restrictions, vesting requirements, terms and conditions applicable to a Restricted Stock Award and/or Restricted Stock Unit Award, such Restricted Stock and/or Restricted Stock Units shall immediately be canceled, and the Holder (and such Holder’s estate, designated beneficiary or other legal representative) shall forfeit any rights or interests in and with respect to any such Restricted Stock and/or Restricted Stock Units. The immediately preceding sentence to the contrary notwithstanding, the Committee, in its sole discretion, may determine, prior to or within thirty (30) days after the date of such termination of such a Holder’s status as a Consultant, that all or a portion of any such Holder’s Restricted Stock and/or Restricted Stock Units shall not be so canceled and forfeited. 10 Section 6.4 Special Termination Rule. Except to the extent inconsistent with the terms of the applicable Award Agreement, and notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this Article VI, if a Holder’s employment with, or status as a Director of, the Company or an Affiliate shall terminate, and if, within ninety (90) days of such termination, such Holder shall become a Consultant, such Holder’s rights with respect to any Award or portion thereof granted thereto prior to the date of such termination may be preserved, if and to the extent determined by the Committee in its sole discretion, as if such Holder had been a Consultant for the entire period during which such Award or portion thereof had been outstanding. Should the Committee effect such determination with respect to such Holder, for all purposes of the Plan, such Holder shall not be treated as if his or her employment or Director status had terminated until such time as his or her Consultant status shall terminate, in which case his or her Award, as it may have been reduced in connection with the Holder’s becoming a Consultant, shall be treated pursuant to the provisions of Section 6.3; provided, however, that any such Award which is intended to be an Incentive Stock Option shall, upon the Holder’s no longer being an Employee, automatically convert to a Non-Qualified Stock Option. Should a Holder’s status as a Consultant terminate, and if, within ninety (90) days of such termination, such Holder shall become an Employee or a Director, such Holder’s rights with respect to any Award or portion thereof granted thereto prior to the date of such termination may be preserved, if and to the extent determined by the Committee in its sole discretion, as if such Holder had been an Employee or a Director, as applicable, for the entire period during which such Award or portion thereof had been outstanding, and, should the Committee effect such determination with respect to such Holder, for all purposes of the Plan, such Holder shall not be treated as if his or her Consultant status had terminated until such time as his or her employment with the Company or an Affiliate, or his or her Director status, as applicable, shall terminate, in which case his or her Award shall be treated pursuant to the provisions of Section 6.2. Section 6.5 Termination for Cause. Notwithstanding anything in this Article VI or elsewhere in the Plan to the contrary, and unless a Holder’s Award Agreement specifically provides otherwise, should a Holder’s employment, Director status or engagement as a Consultant with or for the Company or an Affiliate be terminated by the Company or Affiliate for Cause, all of such Holder’s then outstanding Awards shall expire immediately and be forfeited in their entirety upon such termination. ARTICLE VII OPTIONS Section 7.1 Option Period. The term of each Option shall be as specified in the Option Agreement; provided, however, that except as set forth in Section 7.3, no Option shall be exercisable after the expiration of ten (10) years from the date of its grant. Section 7.2 Limitations on Exercise of Option. An Option shall be exercisable in whole or in such installments and at such times as specified in the Option Agreement. 11 Section 7.3 Special Limitations on Incentive Stock Options. To the extent that the aggregate Fair Market Value (determined at the time the respective Incentive Stock Option is granted) of Common Stock with respect to which Incentive Stock Options are exercisable for the first time by an individual during any calendar year under all plans of the Company and any parent corporation or subsidiary corporation thereof (both as defined in Section 424 of the Code) which provide for the grant of Incentive Stock Options exceeds One Hundred Thousand Dollars ($100,000) (or such other individual limit as may be in effect under the Code on the date of grant), the portion of such Incentive Stock Options that exceeds such threshold shall be treated as Non-Qualified Stock Options. The Committee shall determine, in accordance with applicable provisions of the Code, Treasury Regulations and other administrative pronouncements, which of a Holder’s Options, which were intended by the Committee to be Incentive Stock Options when granted to the Holder, will not constitute Incentive Stock Options because of such limitation, and shall notify the Holder of such determination as soon as practicable after such determination. No Incentive Stock Option shall be granted to an Employee if, at the time the Incentive Stock Option is granted, such Employee is a Ten Percent Stockholder, unless (i) at the time such Incentive Stock Option is granted the Option price is at least one hundred ten percent (110 %) of the Fair Market Value of the Common Stock subject to the Incentive Stock Option, and (ii) such Incentive Stock Option by its terms is not exercisable after the expiration of five (5) years from the date of grant. No Incentive Stock Option shall be granted more than ten (10) years from the date on which the Plan is approved by the Company’s stockholders. The designation by the Committee of an Option as an Incentive Stock Option shall not guarantee the Holder that the Option will satisfy the applicable requirements for “incentive stock option” status under Section 422 of the Code. Section 7.4 Option Agreement. Each Option shall be evidenced by an Option Agreement in such form and containing such provisions not inconsistent with the provisions of the Plan as the Committee from time to time shall approve, including, but not limited to, provisions intended to qualify an Option as an Incentive Stock Option. An Option Agreement may provide for the payment of the Option price, in whole or in part, by the delivery of a number of shares of Common Stock (plus cash if necessary) that have been owned by the Holder for at least six (6) months and having a Fair Market Value equal to such Option price, or such other forms or methods as the Committee may determine from time to time, in each case, subject to such rules and regulations as may be adopted by the Committee. Each Option Agreement shall, solely to the extent inconsistent with the provisions of Sections 6.2, 6.3, 6.4 and 6.5, as applicable, specify the effect of termination of employment, Director status or Consultant status on the exercisability of the Option. Moreover, without limited the generality of the foregoing, an Option Agreement may provide for a “cashless exercise” of the Option, in whole or in part, by (a) establishing procedures whereby the Holder, by a properly-executed written notice, directs (i) an immediate market sale or margin loan as to all or a part of the shares of Common Stock to which he is entitled to receive upon exercise of the Option, pursuant to an extension of credit by the Company to the Holder of the Option price, (ii) the delivery of the shares of Common Stock from the Company directly to a brokerage firm and (iii) the delivery of the Option price from sale or margin loan proceeds from the brokerage firm directly to the Company, or (b) reducing the number of shares of Common Stock to be issued upon exercise of the Option by the number of such shares having an aggregate Fair Market Value equal to the Option price (or portion thereof to be so paid) as of the date of the Option’s exercise. Each Option Agreement shall, solely to the extent inconsistent with the provisions of Sections 6.2, 6.3, 6.4 and 6.5, as applicable, specify the effect of the termination of the Holder’s employment, Director status or Consultant status on the exercisability of the Option. An Option Agreement may also include provisions relating to (i) subject to the provisions hereof, accelerated vesting of Options, including but not limited to upon the occurrence of a Change of Control, (ii) tax matters (including provisions covering any applicable Employee wage withholding requirements and requiring additional “gross-up” payments to Holders to meet any excise taxes or other additional income tax liability imposed as a result of a payment made upon a Change of Control resulting from the operation of the Plan or of such Option Agreement) and (iii) any other matters not inconsistent with the terms and provisions of the Plan that the Committee shall in its sole discretion determine. The terms and conditions of the respective Option Agreements need not be identical. 12 Section 7.5 Option Price and Payment. The price at which a share of Common Stock may be purchased upon exercise of an Option shall be determined by the Committee; provided, however, that such Option price (i) shall not be less than the Fair Market Value of a share of Common Stock on the date such Option is granted, and (ii) shall be subject to adjustment as provided in Article XV. The Option or portion thereof may be exercised by delivery of an irrevocable notice of exercise to the Company. The Option price for the Option or portion thereof shall be paid in full in the manner prescribed by the Committee as set forth in the Plan and the applicable Option Agreement, which manner, with the consent of the Committee, may include the withholding of shares of Common Stock otherwise issuable in connection with the exercise of the Option, for purposes of Section 7.4(b). Separate stock certificates shall be issued by the Company for those shares of Common Stock acquired pursuant to the exercise of an Incentive Stock Option and for those shares of Common Stock acquired pursuant to the exercise of a Non-Qualified Stock Option. Section 7.6 Stockholder Rights and Privileges. The Holder of an Option shall be entitled to all the privileges and rights of a stockholder of the Company solely with respect to such shares of Common Stock as have been purchased under the Option and for which certificates of stock have been registered in the Holder’s name. Section 7.7 Options and Rights in Substitution for Stock Options Granted by Other Corporations. Options may be granted under the Plan from time to time in substitution for stock options held by individuals employed by entities who become Employees as a result of a merger or consolidation of the employing entity with the Company or any Affiliate, or the acquisition by the Company or an Affiliate of the assets of the employing entity, or the acquisition by the Company or an Affiliate of stock of the employing entity with the result that such employing entity becomes an Affiliate. Section 7.8 Prohibition Against Repricing. At any time that the Common Stock is registered under Section 12 of the Exchange Act, the Committee shall not have the power or authority to reduce, whether through amendment or otherwise, the exercise price under any outstanding Option or Stock Appreciation right, or to grant any new Award or make any payment of cash in substitution for or upon the cancellation of Options and/or Stock Appreciation Rights previously granted except to the extent (i) approved in advance by holders of a majority of the shares of the Company entitled to vote generally in the election of directors, excluding any shares of the Company voted by any Holder, or (ii) as a result of any Change of Control or any adjustment as provided in Article XV. 13 ARTICLE VIII RESTRICTED STOCK AWARDS Section 8.1 Restriction Period to be Established by Committee. At the time a Restricted Stock Award is made, the Committee shall establish the Restriction Period applicable to such Award. Each Restricted Stock Award may have a different Restriction Period, in the discretion of the Committee. The Restriction Period applicable to a particular Restricted Stock Award shall not be changed except as permitted by Section 8.2. Section 8.2 Other Terms and Conditions. Common Stock awarded pursuant to a Restricted Stock Award shall be represented by a stock certificate registered in the name of the Holder of such Restricted Stock Award. If provided for under the Restricted Stock Award Agreement, the Holder shall have the right to vote Common Stock subject thereto and to enjoy all other stockholder rights, including the entitlement to receive dividends on the Common Stock during the Restriction Period, except that (i) the Holder shall not be entitled to delivery of the stock certificate until the Restriction Period shall have expired, (ii) the Company shall retain custody of the stock certificate during the Restriction Period (with a stock power endorsed by the Holder in blank), (iii) the Holder may not sell, transfer, pledge, exchange, hypothecate or otherwise dispose of the Common Stock during the Restriction Period and (iv) a breach of the terms and conditions established by the Committee pursuant to the Restricted Stock Award Agreement shall cause a forfeiture of the Restricted Stock Award. At the time of such Award, the Committee may, in its sole discretion, prescribe additional terms and conditions or restrictions relating to Restricted Stock Awards, including, but not limited to, rules pertaining to the effect of termination of employment, Director status or Consultant status prior to expiration of the Restriction Period. Such additional terms, conditions or restrictions shall, to the extent inconsistent with the provisions of Sections 6.2, 6.3 and 6.4, as applicable, be set forth in a Restricted Stock Award Agreement made in conjunction with the Award. Such Restricted Stock Award Agreement may also include provisions relating to (i) subject to the provisions hereof, accelerated vesting of Awards, including but not limited to accelerated vesting upon the occurrence of a Change of Control, (ii) tax matters (including provisions covering any applicable Employee wage withholding requirements and requiring additional “gross-up” payments to Holders to meet any excise taxes or other additional income tax liability imposed as a result of a payment made in connection with a Change of Control resulting from the operation of the Plan or of such Restricted Stock Award Agreement) and (iii) any other matters not inconsistent with the terms and provisions of the Plan that the Committee shall in its sole discretion determine. The terms and conditions of the respective Restricted Stock Agreements need not be identical. All shares of Common Stock delivered to a Holder as part of a Restricted Stock Award shall be delivered and reported by the Company or the Affiliate, as applicable, to the Holder by no later than by the fifteenth (15th) day of the third (3rd) calendar month next following the end of the Company’s fiscal year in which the Holder’s entitlement to such shares becomes vested. 14 Section 8.3 Payment for Restricted Stock. The Committee shall determine the amount and form of any payment from a Holder for Common Stock received pursuant to a Restricted Stock Award, if any, provided that in the absence of such a determination, a Holder shall not be required to make any payment for Common Stock received pursuant to a Restricted Stock Award, except to the extent otherwise required by law. Section 8.4 Restricted Stock Award Agreements. At the time any Award is made under this Article VIII, the Company and the Holder shall enter into a Restricted Stock Award Agreement setting forth each of the matters contemplated hereby and such other matters as the Committee may determine to be appropriate. ARTICLE IX UNRESTRICTED STOCK AWARDS Pursuant to the terms of the applicable Unrestricted Stock Award Agreement, a Holder may be awarded (or sold) shares of Common Stock which are not subject to Restrictions, in consideration for past services rendered thereby to the Company or an Affiliate or for other valid consideration. ARTICLE X RESTRICTED STOCK UNIT AWARDS Section 10.1 Terms and Conditions. The Committee shall set forth in the applicable Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement the individual service-based vesting requirement which the Holder would be required to satisfy before the Holder would become entitled to payment pursuant to Section 10.2 and the number of Units awarded to the Holder. Such payment shall be subject to a “substantial risk of forfeiture” under Section 409A of the Code. At the time of such Award, the Committee may, in its sole discretion, prescribe additional terms and conditions or restrictions relating to Restricted Stock Unit Awards, including, but not limited to, rules pertaining to the effect of termination of employment, Director status or Consultant status prior to expiration of the applicable vesting period. The terms and conditions of the respective Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreements need not be identical. Section 10.2 Payments. The Holder of a Restricted Stock Unit shall be entitled to receive a cash payment equal to the Fair Market Value of a share of Common Stock, or one (1) share of Common Stock, as determined in the sole discretion of the Committee and as set forth in the Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement, for each Restricted Stock Unit subject to such Restricted Stock Unit Award, if the Holder satisfies the applicable vesting requirement. Such payment shall be made no later than by the fifteenth (15th) day of the third (3rd) calendar month next following the end of the calendar year in which the Restricted Stock Unit first becomes vested. 15 ARTICLE XI PERFORMANCE UNIT AWARDS Section 11.1 Terms and Conditions. The Committee shall set forth in the applicable Performance Unit Award Agreement the performance goals and objectives (and the period of time to which such goals and objectives shall apply) which the Holder and/or the Company would be required to satisfy before the Holder would become entitled to payment pursuant to Section 11.2, the number of Units awarded to the Holder and the dollar value assigned to each such Unit. Such payment shall be subject to a “substantial risk of forfeiture” under Section 409A of the Code. At the time of such Award, the Committee may, in its sole discretion, prescribe additional terms and conditions or restrictions relating to Performance Unit Awards, including, but not limited to, rules pertaining to the effect of termination of employment, Director status or Consultant status prior to expiration of the applicable performance period. The terms and conditions of the respective Performance Unit Award Agreements need not be identical. Section 11.2 Payments. The Holder of a Performance Unit shall be entitled to receive a cash payment equal to the dollar value assigned to such Unit under the applicable Performance Unit Award Agreement if the Holder and/or the Company satisfy (or partially satisfy, if applicable under the applicable Performance Unit Award Agreement) the performance goals and objectives set forth in such Performance Unit Award Agreement. If achieved, such payment shall be made no later than by the fifteenth (15th) day of the third (3rd) calendar month next following the end of the Company’s fiscal year to which such performance goals and objectives relate. ARTICLE XII PERFORMANCE SHARE AWARDS Section 12.1 Terms and Conditions. The Committee shall set forth in the applicable Performance Share Award Agreement the performance goals and objectives (and the period of time to which such goals and objectives shall apply) which the Holder and/or the Company would be required to satisfy before the Holder would become entitled to the receipt of shares of Common Stock pursuant to such Holder’s Performance Share Award and the number of shares of Common Stock subject to such Performance Share Award. Such payment shall be subject to a “substantial risk of forfeiture” under Section 409A of the Code and, if such goals and objectives are achieved, the distribution of such Common Shares shall be made no later than by the fifteenth (15th) day of the third (3rd) calendar month next following the end of the Company’s fiscal year to which such goals and objectives relate. At the time of such Award, the Committee may, in its sole discretion, prescribe additional terms and conditions or restrictions relating to Performance Share Awards, including, but not limited to, rules pertaining to the effect of termination of the Holder’s employment, Director status or Consultant status prior to the expiration of the applicable performance period. The terms and conditions of the respective Performance Share Award Agreements need not be identical. Section 12.2 Stockholder Rights and Privileges. The Holder of a Performance Share Award shall have no rights as a stockholder of the Company until such time, if any, as the Holder actually receives shares of Common Stock pursuant to the Performance Share Award. 16 ARTICLE XIII DISTRIBUTION EQUIVALENT RIGHTS Section 13.1 Terms and Conditions. The Committee shall set forth in the applicable Distribution Equivalent Rights Award Agreement the terms and conditions applicable to such Award, including whether the Holder is to receive credits currently in cash, is to have such credits reinvested (at Fair Market Value determined as of the date of reinvestment) in additional shares of Common Stock or is to be entitled to choose among such alternatives. Such receipt shall be subject to a “substantial risk of forfeiture” under Section 409A of the Code and, if such Award becomes vested, the distribution of such cash or shares of Common Stock shall be made no later than by the fifteenth (15th) day of the third (3rd) calendar month next following the end of the Company’s fiscal year in which the Holder’s interest in the Award vests. Distribution Equivalent Rights Awards may be settled in cash or in shares of Common Stock, as set forth in the applicable Distribution Equivalent Rights Award Agreement. A Distribution Equivalent Rights Award may, but need not be, awarded in tandem with another Award, whereby, if so awarded, such Distribution Equivalent Rights Award shall expire, terminate or be forfeited by the Holder, as applicable, under the same conditions as under such other Award. Section 13.2 Interest Equivalents. The Distribution Equivalent Rights Award Agreement for a Distribution Equivalent Rights Award may provide for the crediting of interest on a Distribution Rights Award to be settled in cash at a future date (but in no event later than by the fifteenth (15th) day of the third (3rd) calendar month next following the end of the Company’s fiscal year in which such interest was credited), at a rate set forth in the applicable Distribution Equivalent Rights Award Agreement, on the amount of cash payable thereunder. ARTICLE XIV STOCK APPRECIATION RIGHTS Section 14.1 Terms and Conditions. The Committee shall set forth in the applicable Stock Appreciation Right Award Agreement the terms and conditions of the Stock Appreciation Right, including (i) the base value (the “Base Value”) for the Stock Appreciation Right, which for purposes of a Stock Appreciation Right which is not a Tandem Stock Appreciation Right, shall be not less than the Fair Market Value of a share of the Common Stock on the date of grant of the Stock Appreciation Right, (ii) the number of shares of Common Stock subject to the Stock Appreciation Right, (iii) the period during which the Stock Appreciation Right may be exercised; provided, however, that no Stock Appreciation Right shall be exercisable after the expiration of ten (10) years from the date of its grant, and (iv) any other special rules and/or requirements which the Committee imposes upon the Stock Appreciation Right. Upon the exercise of some or all of a Stock Appreciation Right, the Holder shall receive a payment from the Company, in cash or in the form of shares of Common Stock having an equivalent Fair Market Value or in a combination of both, as determined in the sole discretion of the Committee, equal to the product of: 17 (a) The excess of (i) the Fair Market Value of a share of the Common Stock on the date of exercise, over (ii) the Base Value, multiplied by; (b) The number of shares of Common Stock with respect to which the Stock Appreciation Right is exercised. Section 14.2 Tandem Stock Appreciation Rights. If the Committee grants a Stock Appreciation Right which is intended to be a Tandem Stock Appreciation Right, the Tandem Stock Appreciation Right shall be granted at the same time as the related Option, and the following special rules shall apply: (a) The Base Value shall be equal to or greater than the per share exercise price under the related Option; (b) The Tandem Stock Appreciation Right may be exercised for all or part of the shares of Common Stock which are subject to the related Option, but solely upon the surrender by the Holder of the Holder’s right to exercise the equivalent portion of the related Option (and when a share of Common Stock is purchased under the related Option, an equivalent portion of the related Tandem Stock Appreciation Right shall be cancelled); (c) The Tandem Stock Appreciation Right shall expire no later than the date of the expiration of the related Option; (d) The value of the payment with respect to the Tandem Stock Appreciation Right may be no more than one hundred percent (100%) of the difference between the per share exercise price under the related Option and the Fair Market Value of the shares of Common Stock subject to the related Option at the time the Tandem Stock Appreciation Right is exercised, multiplied by the number of shares of Common Stock with respect to which the Tandem Stock Appreciation Right is exercised; and (e) The Tandem Stock Appreciation Right may be exercised solely when the Fair Market Value of a share of Common Stock subject to the related Option exceeds the per share exercise price under the related Option. 18 ARTICLE XV RECAPITALIZATION OR REORGANIZATION Section 15.1 Adjustments to Common Stock. The shares with respect to which Awards may be granted under the Plan are shares of Common Stock as presently constituted; provided, however, that if, and whenever, prior to the expiration or distribution to the Holder of shares of Common Stock underlying an Award theretofore granted, the Company shall effect a subdivision or consolidation of shares of Common Stock or the payment of a stock dividend on Common Stock without receipt of consideration by the Company, the number of shares of Common Stock with respect to which such Award may thereafter be exercised or satisfied, as applicable, (i) in the event of an increase in the number of outstanding shares, shall be proportionately increased, and the purchase price per share of the Common Stock shall be proportionately reduced, and (ii) in the event of a reduction in the number of outstanding shares, shall be proportionately reduced, and the purchase price per share of the Common Stock shall be proportionately increased. Notwithstanding the foregoing or any other provision of this Article XV, any adjustment made with respect to an Award (x) which is an Incentive Stock Option, shall comply with the requirements of Section 424(a) of the Code, and in no event shall any adjustment be made which would render any Incentive Stock Option granted under the Plan to be other than an “incentive stock option” for purposes of Section 422 of the Code, and (y) which is a Non-Qualified Stock Option, shall comply with the requirements of Section 409A of the Code, and in no event shall any adjustment be made which would render any Non- Qualified Stock Option granted under the Plan to become subject to Section 409A of the Code. Section 15.2 Recapitalization. If the Company recapitalizes or otherwise changes its capital structure, thereafter upon any exercise or satisfaction, as applicable, of a previously granted Award, the Holder shall be entitled to receive (or entitled to purchase, if applicable) under such Award, in lieu of the number of shares of Common Stock then covered by such Award, the number and class of shares of stock and securities to which the Holder would have been entitled pursuant to the terms of the recapitalization if, immediately prior to such recapitalization, the Holder had been the holder of record of the number of shares of Common Stock then covered by such Award. Section 15.3 Other Events. In the event of changes to the outstanding Common Stock by reason of extraordinary cash dividend, reorganization, mergers, consolidations, combinations, split-ups, spin-offs, exchanges or other relevant changes in capitalization occurring after the date of the grant of any Award and not otherwise provided for under this Article XV, any outstanding Awards and any Award Agreements evidencing such Awards shall be adjusted by the Board, in such manner as the Board shall deem equitable or appropriate taking into consideration the applicable accounting and tax consequences, as to the number and price of shares of Common Stock or other consideration subject to such Awards. In the event of any adjustment pursuant to Sections 15.1, 15.2 or this Section 15.3, the aggregate number of shares available under the Plan pursuant to Section 5.1 (and the Code Section 162(m) limit set forth therein) may be appropriately adjusted by the Board, the determination of which shall be conclusive. In addition, the Committee may make provision for a cash payment to a Participant or a person who has an outstanding Award. The number of shares of Common Stock subject to any Award shall be rounded to the nearest whole number. Section 15.4 Powers Not Affected. The existence of the Plan and the Awards granted hereunder shall not affect in any way the right or power of the Board or of the stockholders of the Company to make or authorize any adjustment, recapitalization, reorganization or other change of the Company’s capital structure or business, any merger or consolidation of the Company, any issue of debt or equity securities ahead of or affecting Common Stock or the rights thereof, the dissolution or liquidation of the Company or any sale, lease, exchange or other disposition of all or any part of its assets or business or any other corporate act or proceeding. 19 Section 15.5 No Adjustment for Certain Awards. Except as hereinabove expressly provided, the issuance by the Company of shares of stock of any class or securities convertible into shares of stock of any class, for cash, property, labor or services, upon direct sale, upon the exercise of rights or warrants to subscribe therefor or upon conversion of shares or obligations of the Company convertible into such shares or other securities, and in any case whether or not for fair value, shall not affect previously granted Awards, and no adjustment by reason thereof shall be made with respect to the number of shares of Common Stock subject to Awards theretofore granted or the purchase price per share, if applicable. ARTICLE XVI AMENDMENT AND TERMINATION OF PLAN The Plan shall continue in effect, unless sooner terminated pursuant to this Article XVI, until the tenth (10th) anniversary of the date on which it is adopted by the Board (except as to Awards outstanding on that date). The Board in its discretion may terminate the Plan at any time with respect to any shares for which Awards have not theretofore been granted; provided, however, that the Plan’s termination shall not materially and adversely impair the rights of a Holder with respect to any Award theretofore granted without the consent of the Holder. The Board may without shareholder approval, in its sole discretion make (i) amendments to the Plan of a housekeeping nature; (ii) a change to the vesting provisions of an Award or the Plan; (iii) a change to the termination provisions of an Award or the Plan which does not entail an extension beyond the original expiry date, except as contemplated in the Plan; and (iv) the addition of a cashless exercise feature, payable in cash or securities, which provides for a full deduction of the number of underlying securities from the Plan reserve; provided, however, that without the approval by a majority of the votes cast at a meeting of shareholders at which a quorum representing a majority of the shares of the Company entitled to vote generally in the election of directors is present in person or by proxy, excluding any shares of the Company voted by any Holder, no amendment or modification of the Plan may (A) increase the benefits accruing to Holders, (B) except as otherwise expressly provided in Article XV, increase the number of shares of Common Stock subject to the Plan or the individual Award Agreements specified in Article V, (C) modify the requirements for participation in the Plan, or (D) amend, modify or suspend Section 7.8 (repricing prohibitions) or this Article XVI. In addition, no change in any Award theretofore granted may be made which would materially and adversely impair the rights of a Holder with respect to such Award without the consent of the Holder (unless such change is required in order to cause the benefits under the Plan to qualify as “performance-based” compensation within the meaning of Section 162(m) of the Code or to exempt the Plan or any Award from Section 409A of the Code). ARTICLE XVII MISCELLANEOUS Section 17.1 No Right to Award. Neither the adoption of the Plan by the Company nor any action of the Board or the Committee shall be deemed to give an Employee, Director or Consultant any right to an Award except as may be evidenced by an Award Agreement duly executed on behalf of the Company, and then solely to the extent and on the terms and conditions expressly set forth therein. 20 Section 17.2 No Rights Conferred. Nothing contained in the Plan shall (i) confer upon any Employee any right with respect to continuation of employment with the Company or any Affiliate, (ii) interfere in any way with any right of the Company or any Affiliate to terminate the employment of an Employee at any time, (iii) confer upon any Director any right with respect to continuation of such Director’s membership on the Board, (iv) interfere in any way with any right of the Company or an Affiliate to terminate a Director’s membership on the Board at any time, (v) confer upon any Consultant any right with respect to continuation of his or her consulting engagement with the Company or any Affiliate, or (vi) interfere in any way with any right of the Company or an Affiliate to terminate a Consultant’s consulting engagement with the Company or an Affiliate at any time. Section 17.3 Other Laws; No Fractional Shares; Withholding. The Company shall not be obligated by virtue of any provision of the Plan to recognize the exercise of any Award or to otherwise sell or issue shares of Common Stock in violation of any laws, rules or regulations, and any postponement of the exercise or settlement of any Award under this provision shall not extend the term of such Award. Neither the Company nor its directors or officers shall have any obligation or liability to a Holder with respect to any Award (or shares of Common Stock issuable thereunder) (i) that shall lapse because of such postponement, or (ii) for any failure to comply with the requirements of any applicable law, rules or regulations, including but not limited to any failure to comply with the requirements of Section 409A of this Code. No fractional shares of Common Stock shall be delivered, nor shall any cash in lieu of fractional shares be paid. The Company shall have the right to deduct in cash (whether under this Plan or otherwise) in connection with all Awards any taxes required by law to be withheld and to require any payments required to enable it to satisfy its withholding obligations. In the case of any Award satisfied in the form of shares of Common Stock, no shares shall be issued unless and until arrangements satisfactory to the Company shall have been made to satisfy any tax withholding obligations applicable with respect to such Award. Subject to such terms and conditions as the Committee may impose, the Company shall have the right to retain, or the Committee may, subject to such terms and conditions as it may establish from time to time, permit Holders to elect to tender, Common Stock (including Common Stock issuable in respect of an Award) to satisfy, in whole or in part, the amount required to be withheld. Section 17.4 No Restriction on Corporate Action. Nothing contained in the Plan shall be construed to prevent the Company or any Affiliate from taking any corporate action which is deemed by the Company or such Affiliate to be appropriate or in its best interest, whether or not such action would have an adverse effect on the Plan or any Award made under the Plan. No Employee, Director, Consultant, beneficiary or other person shall have any claim against the Company or any Affiliate as a result of any such action. 21 Section 17.5 Restrictions on Transfer. No Award under the Plan or any Award Agreement and no rights or interests herein or therein, shall or may be assigned, transferred, sold, exchanged, encumbered, pledged or otherwise hypothecated or disposed of by a Holder without the approval of the Committee except by will or by the laws of descent and distribution. An Award may be exercisable during the lifetime of the Holder only by such Holder or by the Holder’s guardian or legal representative. Section 17.6 Beneficiary Designations. Each Holder may, from time to time, name a beneficiary or beneficiaries (who may be contingent or successive beneficiaries) for purposes of receiving any amount which is payable in connection with an Award under the Plan upon or subsequent to the Holder’s death. Each such beneficiary designation shall serve to revoke all prior beneficiary designations, be in a form prescribed by the Company and be effective solely when filed by the Holder in writing with the Company during the Holder’s lifetime. In the absence of any such written beneficiary designation, for purposes of the Plan, a Holder’s beneficiary shall be the Holder’s estate. Section 17.7 Rule 16b-3. It is intended that the Plan and any Award made to a person subject to Section 16 of the Exchange Act shall meet all of the requirements of Rule 16b-3. If any provision of the Plan or of any such Award would disqualify the Plan or such Award under, or would otherwise not comply with the requirements of, Rule 16b-3, such provision or Award shall be construed or deemed to have been amended as necessary to conform to the requirements of Rule 16b-3. 22 Section 17.8 Section 162(m). It is intended that the Plan shall comply fully with and meet all the requirements of Section 162(m) of the Code so that Awards hereunder which are made to Holders who are “covered employees” (as defined in Section 162(m) of the Code) shall constitute “performance-based” compensation within the meaning of Section 162(m) of the Code. Any Performance Goal(s) applicable to Qualified Performance-Based Awards shall be objective, shall be established not later than ninety (90) days after the beginning of any applicable Performance Period (or at such other date as may be required or permitted for “performance-based” compensation under Section 162(m) of the Code) and shall otherwise meet the requirements of Section 162(m) of the Code, including the requirement that the outcome of the Performance Goal or Goals be substantially uncertain (as defined in the regulations under Section 162(m) of the Code) at the time established. The Performance Criteria to be utilized under the Plan to establish Performance Goals shall consist of objective tests based on one or more of the following: earnings or earnings per share, cash flow or cash flow per share, operating cash flow or operating cash flow per share revenue growth, product revenue growth, financial return ratios (such as return on equity, return on investment and/or return on assets), share price performance, stockholder return, equity and/or value, operating income, operating margins, earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization, earnings, pre- or post-tax income, economic value added (or an equivalent metric), profit returns and margins, credit quality, sales growth, market share, working capital levels, comparisons with various stock market indices, year-end cash, debt reduction, assets under management, operating efficiencies, strategic partnerships or transactions (including co-development, co-marketing, profit sharing, joint venture or other similar arrangements), and/or financing and other capital raising transaction. Performance criteria may be established on a Company-wide basis or with respect to one or more Company business units or divisions or subsidiaries; and either in absolute terms, relative to the performance of one or more similarly situated companies, or relative to the performance of an index covering a peer group of companies. When establishing Performance Goals for the applicable Performance Period, the Committee may exclude any or all “extraordinary items” as determined under U.S. generally accepted accounting principles including, without limitation, the charges or costs associated with restructurings of the Company, discontinued operations, other unusual or non-recurring items, and the cumulative effects of accounting changes, and as identified in the Company’s financial statements, notes to the Company’s financial statements or management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations contained in the Company’s most recent annual report filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to the Exchange Act. Holders who are “covered employees” (as defined in Section 162(m) of the Code) shall be eligible to receive payment under a Qualified Performance-Based Award which is subject to achievement of a Performance Goal or Goals only if the applicable Performance Goal or Goals are achieved within the applicable Performance Period, as determined by the Committee. If any provision of the Plan would disqualify the Plan or would not otherwise permit the Plan to comply with Section 162(m) of the Code as so intended, such provision shall be construed or deemed amended to conform to the requirements or provisions of Section 162(m) of the Code. The Committee may postpone the exercising of Awards, the issuance or delivery of Common Stock under any Award or any action permitted under the Plan to prevent the Company or any subsidiary from being denied a federal income tax deduction with respect to any Award other than an Incentive Stock Option, provided that such deferral satisfies the requirements of Section 409A of the Code. For purposes of the requirements of Treasury Regulation Section 1.162-27(e)(4)(i), the maximum amount of compensation that may be paid to any Employee under the Plan for a calendar year shall be Ten Million Dollars ($10,000,000). Section 17.9 Section 409A. Notwithstanding any other provision of the Plan, the Committee shall have no authority to issue an Award under the Plan with terms and/or conditions which would cause such Award to constitute non-qualified “deferred compensation” under Section 409A of the Code. Accordingly, by way of example but not limitation, no Option shall be granted under the Plan with a per share Option exercise price which is less than the Fair Market Value of a share of Common Stock on the date of grant of the Option. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, no Award Agreement shall provide for any deferral feature with respect to an Award which constitutes a deferral of compensation under Section 409A of the Code. The Plan and all Award Agreements are intended to comply with the requirements of Section 409A of the Code (so as to be exempt therefrom) and shall be so interpreted and construed. 23 Section 17.10 Indemnification. Each person who is or shall have been a member of the Committee or of the Board shall be indemnified and held harmless by the Company against and from any loss, cost, liability, or expense that may be imposed upon or reasonably incurred thereby in connection with or resulting from any claim, action, suit, or proceeding to which such person may be made a party or may be involved by reason of any action taken or failure to act under the Plan and against and from any and all amounts paid thereby in settlement thereof, with the Company’s approval, or paid thereby in satisfaction of any judgment in any such action, suit, or proceeding against such person; provided, however, that such person shall give the Company an opportunity, at its own expense, to handle and defend the same before he or she undertakes to handle and defend it on his or her own behalf. The foregoing right of indemnification shall not be exclusive and shall be independent of any other rights of indemnification to which such persons may be entitled under the Company’s Certificate of Incorporation or By-laws, by contract, as a matter of law, or otherwise. Section 17.11 Other Plans. No Award, payment or amount received hereunder shall be taken into account in computing an Employee’s salary or compensation for the purposes of determining any benefits under any pension, retirement, life insurance or other benefit plan of the Company or any Affiliate, unless such other plan specifically provides for the inclusion of such Award, payment or amount received. Nothing in the Plan shall be construed to limit the right of the Company to establish other plans or to pay compensation to its employees, in cash or property, in a manner which is not expressly authorized under the Plan. Section 17.12 Limits of Liability. Any liability of the Company with respect to an Award shall be based solely upon the contractual obligations created under the Plan and the Award Agreement. None of the Company, any member of the Board nor any member of the Committee shall have any liability to any party for any action taken or not taken, in good faith, in connection with or under the Plan. Section 17.13 Governing Law. Except as otherwise provided herein, the Plan shall be construed in accordance with the laws of the State of Delaware, without regard to principles of conflicts of law. Section 17.14 Severability of Provisions. If any provision of the Plan is held invalid or unenforceable, such invalidity or unenforceability shall not affect any other provision of the Plan, and the Plan shall be construed and enforced as if such invalid or unenforceable provision had not been included in the Plan. Section 17.15 No Funding. The Plan shall be unfunded. The Company shall not be required to establish any special or separate fund or to make any other segregation of funds or assets to ensure the payment of any Award. Section 17.16 Headings. Headings used throughout the Plan are for convenience only and shall not be given legal significance. Section 17.17 Terms of Award Agreements. Each Award shall be evidenced by an Award Agreement, which Award Agreement, if it provides for the issuance of Common Stock, shall require the Holder to enter into and be bound by the terms of the Company’s Stockholders’ Agreement, if any. The terms of the Award Agreements utilized under the Plan need not be the same. 24 CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM We hereby consent to the incorporation by reference in the Registration Statements on Form S-8 (File No. 333-171181) and Form S-3 (File Nos. 333-178656 and 333-173457) of our reports dated March 31, 2014 relating to the financial statements and the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting of Titan Pharmaceuticals, Inc. included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2013. Exhibit 23.1 /s/ OUM & Co. LLP San Francisco, California March 31, 2014 I, Sunil Bhonsle, certify that: CERTIFICATION 1. I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10-K of Titan Pharmaceuticals, Inc.; Exhibit 31.1 2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report; 3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; 4. I am responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) for the registrant and have: (a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under my supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its subsidiaries, is made known to me by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; (b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under my supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; (c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and (d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and 5. I have disclosed, based on my most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): (a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and (b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting. Date: March 31, 2014 /s/ Sunil Bhonsle Name: Sunil Bhonsle Title: President (Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer) CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002 Exhibit 32.1 In connection with this annual report on Form 10-K of Titan Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (the “Company”) for the period ended December 31, 2013, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), the undersigned officer of the Company hereby certifies, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to the best of his knowledge: (1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and (2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company. Date: March 31, 2014 /s/ Sunil Bhonsle Name: Sunil Bhonsle Title: President (Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer) 

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