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FY2018 Annual Report · Tomra Systems
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Annual Report and 
Financial Statements 
2018 

TomCo Energy plc 

For further information visit us online at: 
www.tomcoenergy.com or email us at: info@tomcoenergy.com 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
COMPANY DETAILS 

TOMCO ENERGY PLC 

Company Numbers 
Isle of Man 
England & Wales 

Country of 
Incorporation 

6969V 
FC022829 

Isle of Man 

Board of Directors 
Andrew Jones  
John Potter  
Alexander Benger 
Malcolm Groat  
Laurence Read 

Executive Chairman  
Chief Executive Officer 
Non-Executive Director 
Non-Executive Director 
Non-Executive Director 

Registered Office 
2nd Floor 
Sixty Circular Road 
Douglas 
Isle of Man IM1 1AE 

Broker 
Turner Pope Investments (TPI) Ltd 
6th Floor, Becket House 
Old Jewry  
London EC2R 8DD 

Nominated Adviser 
Strand Hanson Limited 
26 Mount Row 
London  
W1K 3SQ 

Registrars 
Computershare Investor Services plc 
The Pavilions 
Bridgwater Road 
Bristol BS99 6ZZ 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CONTENTS 

Chairman’s statement 

Directors’ report 

Corporate governance statement 

Audit committee report 

Remuneration committee report 

Independent auditors’ report 

Consolidated statement of comprehensive income 

Consolidated statement of financial position 

Consolidated statement of changes in equity 

Consolidated statement of cash flows 

Notes to the financial statements 

Page 

1 

3 

8 

13 

14 

15 

18 

19 

20 

21 

22 

3 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CHAIRMAN’S STATEMENT 

I am pleased to present to the shareholders of TomCo  Energy plc (“TomCo” or the 
“Company”  or,  with  its  subsidiaries,  the  “Group”),  the  Annual  Report  and  Financial 
Statements for the year ended 30 September 2018. 

The year started with the appointment of 
John  Potter  as  Chief  Executive  Officer, 
taking over the role from Chris Brown in 
February  2018.  We  are  grateful  for  the 
services that Chris provided to the Group 
and  we  look  forward  to  a  continued 
relationship  with  him  as  a  significant 
shareholder in TomCo. Chris’s continued 
support  was 
the 
conversion of £100,000 of his loan to the 
Company into equity, with the balance of 
£150,000 settled in full. 

evidenced 

by 

Since his appointment, John has played 
a  significant  role  in  developing  the  field 
test  programme  for  the  Holliday  Block, 
which  will  continue  during  2019  (the 
“Field Test”). The Field Test programme, 
in  2018,  was 
which  commenced 
suspended  in  November  2018  as,  with 
the  onset  of  winter,  TurboShale  Inc. 
(“TurboShale”)  was  unable  to  complete 
necessary upgrades to the equipment at 
site to  address the influx  of  water  being 
experienced within the wells. 

Following the placing, announced on 20 
March  2019,  raising  £600,000  (gross),  I 
am  delighted  to  confirm  that  we  now 
have  the  funding  required  to  complete 
the Field Test in 2019. Whilst the delay of 
the  Field  Test  in  2018  was  clearly  not 
ideal,  we  were  able  to  gather  valuable 
information 
initial  work 
performed, 
that  has  and  will  prove 
invaluable  for  the  development  of  and 
completion of the Field Test in 2019. 

from 

the 

The work programme for 2019 has been 
the  Company  and 
developed  by 
TurboShale,  in  which  the  Company  has 
an  80%  interest,  in  tandem  with  the 
Company’s  technical  consultants,  IGES 
Inc. 
(“IGES”),  and  Himes  Drilling 
Company Inc. (“Himes”). 

The  Field  Test  seeks  to  build  on  the 
successful  BART  programme,  which 
used radio frequency (“RF”) technology,  
in the 1980s at a site also within the same 

Uintah  Basin  as  our  Holliday  Block.  We 
intend  to  ascertain  the  suitability  and 
subsequent 
of 
TurboShale’s  RF  technology  to  recover 
oil from the Group’s Holliday Block. 

commerciality 

The  Company  also 
its 
shareholding  in  TurboShale  during  the 
year  from  66%  to  80%  following  a 
restructuring of the company.  

increased 

of 

TurboShale’s 

We are grateful for the continued support 
of  our  partner  JR  Technologies  LLC 
(“JRT”),  who  are  interested  in  20%  of 
TurboShale.  Mr  Ray  Kasevich,  a 
principal  of  JRT,  possesses  extensive 
knowledge 
RF 
technology, having  been involved in the 
BART  programm.  Ray  also  serves  as  a 
director  on  the  board  of  TurboShale.  In 
addition, post year-end, we were notified 
that  the  second  patent  (in  application) 
held  by  TurboShale,  acquired  pursuant 
to  the  framework  agreement  in  June 
2017 with JRT, had been granted by the 
US Patent Office. 

relationships 

At  the  end  of  May  2018,  John  and  I 
attended the Governor of Utah’s Energy 
Summit, where a number of strategic and 
stakeholder 
were 
developed  and  enhanced.  We  were 
delighted by the strong support shown by 
all our partners and stakeholders and the 
recognition of what we intend to achieve 
through  the development  and execution 
of  the  Field  Test.  Such  stakeholders 
include  the  State  of  Utah  School  and 
Institutional  Trust  Lands  Administration 
(“SITLA”), who own the land covered by 
our leases. We value these relationships 
greatly  and  they  will  become  ever-more 
important as the results of the Field Test 
are  determined  and  used  to  develop  a 
commercial  programme  for  the  use  of 
TurboShale’s  RF 
the 
recovery of oil from shale. 

technology 

in 

With  the  Group’s  move  towards  in-situ 
than 
recovery 
____ 
1 

technologies 

rather 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
techniques, 

it  became 
mining-based 
clear  to  us  that  an  updated  technical 
review  of  the  Group’s  oil  shale  leases 
was  required.  Accordingly,  we  engaged 
SRK  Consulting  (Australasia)  Pty  Ltd. 
(“SRK”)  to  complete  an  independent 
technical  review  of  our  two  oil  shale 
leases,  ML  49570  and  ML  49571  (the 
“Leases”), in which TomCo has a 100% 
working  interest.  We  were  pleased  to 
announce the results of SRK’s technical 
review  on  18  March  2019,  which 
provided  a  best  estimate  Contingent 
Resources  (2C)  of,  in  aggregate,  131.3 
MM bbl of oil assessed under Petroleum 
Resources 
System 
(“PRMS”)  guidelines,  plus  a  best 
estimate  Prospective  Resource  (2U)  of, 
in aggregate, 442.8 MM bbl oil across the 
Leases.  This  included  the  Holliday  A 
Block,  where  the  Field  Test  is  being 
2C  Contingent 
undertaken,  with 
Resources of 57.3 MM bbl of oil and 2U 
Prospective Resources of 84.7 MM bbl of 
oil. 

Management 

As  announced  on  20  March  2019,  the 
initial phase of planning for the Field Test 
in  2019  has  now  been  concluded, 
including: 

•  groundwater 

desktop 

survey 
completed  by  IGES  over  ML49571, 
identifying  prospective  ‘dry’  sites  for 
the 2019 Field Test programme within 
the  Holliday A Block,  similar to those 
hosting 
BART 
programme; 

historical 

the 

•  drilling pattern designed for the Field 
Test 
central 
in  2019,  with  a 
production well to drain oil generated 
by RF antennas within the Mahogany 
surrounding 
shale 
oil 
wellbores. 

zone 

in 

With all the requisite permits for the test 
wells  having  now  been  granted,  we 
currently  expect  mobilisation  to  drill  the 
test wells in April 2019 in order to confirm 
the  site  for  the  production  well  and 
antenna  wellbores  for  the  2019  Field 
Test. 

The  primary  objective  for  the  Field  Test 
in  2019  is  the  recovery  of  oil  from  the 
Group’s  Holliday  A  Block  through  the 
application  of  RF technology.  Assuming 
a  successful  test,  the  Group  will  have 
recovered  sufficient  oil  to  undertake 
the  quality  and 
analysis 

to  confirm 

potential 
TurboShale’s RF technology. 

recovery 

rates 

using 

With the funds raised through the placing 
in March 2019, we are delighted to be in 
a  position  to  move  forward  to  complete 
the Field Test in 2019 which myself and 
the  Board  strongly  believe  will  generate 
shareholder  value  and  I  look  forward  to 
keeping  shareholders  updated  in  that 
regard. 

We  were  also  pleased 
to  recently 
announce  that  SITLA  had  approved  the 
transfer  of  a  further  seven  oil  shale 
leases to the Group. 

leases 

(being  ML48801, 
These 
ML48802, 
ML48806, 
ML48803, 
ML49236,  ML49237  and  ML50151) 
comprise,  in  aggregate,  12,569  acres 
and  are  estimated  to  contain  over  1.2 
billion  barrels  of  potential  oil 
(as 
the  United  States 
measured  by 
Geological  Society)  based  on 
the 
projected  thickness  of  the  known  oil 
shale  zones.  These  leases  are  located 
within  the  Uintah  Basin,  in  the  same 
Green River formation as the Company’s 
other 
leases  and  significantly 
increases  our  overall  acreage.  I  am 
pleased  to  confirm  that  there  will  be 
minimal ongoing costs in respect of these 
additional leases in the short term. 

two 

Post year-end, we were also delighted to 
welcome Laurence Read to the Board as 
a  Non-Executive  Director.  Laurence’s 
public  company  experience  will  prove 
valuable  to  the  Company  as  we  move 
forward  into  an  exciting  stage  of  our 
development. 

We  would  like  to  thank  all  shareholders 
for  their  continued  support  and  look 
forward  to  providing  positive  updates 
throughout 2019 and into 2020. 

Andrew Jones 
Chairman, TomCo Energy PLC 
28 March 2019 

____ 
2 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
DIRECTORS’ REPORT 

The Directors submit their report and the financial statements of the Company and of the Group for the year 
ended 30 September 2018. 

PRINCIPAL ACTIVITY 

The principal activity of the Group is that of developing its oil shale leases for future production.  

RISK ASSESSMENT 

The Group’s oil and gas activities are subject to a range of financial and operational risks which can significantly 
impact on its performance. 

Operational risk 

The Group has obtained resource assessments in relation to its oil shale leases  ML49570 and ML49571, the 
latest  of  which  was  obtained  in  2019,  as  disclosed  in  the  Chairman’s  Statement.  This  shows  best  estimate 
Contingent  Resources  (2C)  of,  in  aggregate,  131.3  MM  bbl  of  oil  assessed  under  Petroleum  Resources 
Management System (“PRMS”) guidelines, plus a best estimate Prospective Resource (2U ) of, in aggregate, 
442.8 MM bbl oil across the Leases. This included the Holliday A Block, where the Field Test is being undertaken, 
with 2C Contingent Resources of 57.3 MM bbl of oil and 2U Prospective Resources of 84.7 MM bbl of oil  using 
in-situ recovery methods aligned to the TurboShale technologies under development.  

Following Total E&P USA Oil Shale, LLC’s (“TOTAL”) decision in 2016 not to proceed with Red Leaf Resources 
Inc.’s (“Red Leaf”) Early Production System, the Company sought to identify other technologies and processes 
for unlocking the potential of its oil shale assets. This resulted in the Company identifying a  multi-million dollar 
programme, which was conducted during the early 1980’s through the  collaboration of Badger, Raytheon and 
Texaco, colloquially referred to as the “BART Programme”. The purpose of  the BART Programme, which was 
carried  out  approximately  10  miles  from  the  Company’s  Holliday  Block,  was  to  prove  that  the  use  of  radio 
frequencies, applied correctly, could form the foundation of a process to produce oil from oil shale whist having 
production/operating costs significantly lower than its competitors and with the added benefit of having little or 
no requirement for water and having minimal environmental impact. Although the programme proved the ability 
to recovery high quality crude, the programme did not advance due to the falling oil price.  

In March 2017, TomCo incorporated a new US company, TurboShale, and entered into agreements with JRT 
to seek to advance the radio frequency (“RF”) technology used in the BART Programme. TurboShale acquired 
the rights from JRT over patent US7891421B Method and Apparatus for In-Situ Radiofrequency Heating (US 
Application  62/017/408),  and  patent  application  US2015/035433A1  Subsurface  Multiple  Antenna  Radiation 
Technology (SMART), which are the two key patents relating to TurboShale’s RF technology and process. The 
patent application were granted in full in January 2019. 

During 2018, the Company commenced preparatory work for the field test programme on its Holliday Block to 
seek to demonstrate that  TurboShale’s  RF technology  could  be used to recover oil  and gas on an economic 
basis,  with  the  ultimate  goal  of  moving  towards  commercial  production  of  its  oil  shale  assets.  Following 
preliminary  site  work  toward  the  end  of  the  Company’s  financial  year,  the  Field  Test  commenced  after  the 
financial year end. The Field Test programme was suspended in November 2018 with the onset of winter,  as 
the Company was unable to complete necessary upgrades to the equipment at site to address the influx of water 
being experienced within the wells. Following completion of the recent placing, the Company plans to complete 
the Field Test during 2019, with the mobilisation for the Field Test beginning in mid-2019, with the test scheduled to 
be concluded in late Q3/early Q4 2019. 

The  Directors  have  identified  the  following  main  risks  in  relation  to  the  Field  Test  and  TurboShale’s  RF 
Technology: 

•  Notwithstanding the successful outcome of the BART Programme, the Company will seek to demonstrate 
that TurboShale’s RF technology can be used to recover oil and gas on an economic basis with the ultimate 
goal of moving towards commercial production of the Company’s oil shale assets.  The Field Test, to be 
completed in 2019, represents an important step in this process. The primary objective of the Field Test is 
the  recovery  of  oil  from  the  Company’s  Holliday  A  Block  through  the  application  of  TurboShale’s  RF 
technology.  Assuming  a  successful  test,  the  Company  will  have  recovered  sufficient  oil  to  undertake 

____ 
3 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Directors’ report 

analysis  to  confirm  the  quality  and  potential  recovery  rates  using  TurboShale’s  RF  technology. 
Notwithstanding the Board’s confidence in the TurboShale’s technology proving successful, we have yet 
to prove it on our asset. Accordingly, there can be no certainty that the Field Test will be successful and/or 
recover any oil. Even if it does recover oil, it may not recover sufficient volumes to be able to compete the 
necessary analysis and/or such analysis may determine that the process is not commercial or sc alable. 

• 

• 

The  Group  has  been  advancing  the  development  of  TurboShale’s  RF  technology  and  has  made  a 
significant investment in acquiring specialised equipment, including radio frequency transmitters. However, 
changes may be required to the equipment or further equipment might be needed to be able to complete 
the Field Test. Whilst the Company has sufficient funds to complete the Field Test  programme in 2019, if 
any of the above were to occur this may result in a delay to the Field Test and/or the costs of the  Field 
Test to increase over and above the Board’s current expectations and as a result, the Group may need to 
raise further funding earlier than currently anticipated and there can be no certainty that such funding will 
be available or to the terms of such funding. 

This  RF  process  does  not  use  surface  mining  and  instead  works  in-situ,  through  the  use  of  Radio 
Frequency Antennas located within drilled boreholes. Accordingly, whilst the Group’s Holliday Block has 
been granted all the necessary permits required in using Red Leaf’s EcoShale™ technology, including a 
Large Mining Operating permit (“LMO”), switching to TurboShale’s technology will likely require its LMO to 
be downgraded to either a Small Mining Operating permit (“SMO”) or to a simple Oil Mining permit. The 
Company has not yet engaged in detailed discussed with the relevant regulatory authorities regarding this 
matter. The Directors though are confident that this will not present any material issues , nor will it receive 
any objections, particularly as the permissions being sought would be less exacting than the permissions 
already held by the Group. 

Risks relating to Environmental, health and safety and other regulatory standards  

The Group’s future extraction activities are subject to various federal and state laws and regulations relating to 
the  protection  of  the  environment  including  the  obtaining  of  appropriate  permits  and  approvals  by  relevant 
environmental authorities. Such regulations typically cover a wide variety of matters including, without limitation, 
prevention  of  waste,  pollution  and  protection  of  the  environment,  labour  regulations  and  worker  safety. 
Furthermore, the future introduction or enactment of new laws, guidelines and regulations could serve to limit or 
curtail  the  growth  and  development  of  the  Group’s  business  or  have  an  otherwise  negative  impact  on  i ts 
operations. The Group ensures it complies with the relevant laws and regulations in force in the jurisdictions in 
which it operates. 

Liquidity and interest rate risks 

The Group is ultimately dependent on sources of equity or debt funding to  develop TurboShale and in turn its 
exploration  assets  and  meet  its  day  to  day  capital  commitments.  Cash  forecasts  identifying  the  liquidity 
requirements of the Group are produced frequently and are reviewed regularly by management and the Board. 
This  strategy  will  continually  be  reviewed  in  the  light  of  developments  with  existing  projects  and  new  project 
opportunities  as  they  arise.  For  further  information  regarding  the  Group’s  cash  resources  and  future  funding 
requirements, refer to the ‘Going Concern’ section below. 

Currency risk 

Due to the limited income and expenses denominated in foreign currencies, it was not considered cost effective 
to  manage  transactional  currency  exposure  on  an  active  basis.  However,  as  the  financial  statements  are 
reported in sterling, any movements in the exchange rate of foreign currencies against sterling may affect the 
Group’s statements of comprehensive income and financial position. The Group holds some cash in US dollars 
to mitigate the foreign exchange risk and keeps its currency profile under review. 

Financial instruments 

At 30 September 2018, the Group held an investment in Red Leaf which had been fully impaired in prior periods. 
This investment was sold in October 2018 for  US$133,333. It is carried in the 2018 financial statements at its 
sterling equivalent at 30 September 2018 of £102,375. Further details can be found in Note 10. 

It was not considered an appropriate policy for the Group to enter any hedging activities or trade in any financial 
instruments. Further information can be found in Note 19. 

____ 
4 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Directors’ report 

RESULTS AND DIVIDENDS 

The statement of comprehensive income is set out on page  18 The Directors do not propose the payment of a 
dividend (2017: £nil). 

REVIEW OF THE KEY EVENTS DURING THE YEAR 

TurboShale Inc. 

In March 2017, TomCo incorporated a new US company TurboShale, and entered into agreements with JRT in 
which JRT became minority holders of the equity in TurboShale.  TurboShale acquired the rights from JRT over 
two  patents  US7891421B  Method  and  Apparatus  for  In-Situ  Radiofrequency  Heating  (US  Application 
62/017/408), and the patent application US2015/035433A1 Subsurface Multiple Antenna Radiation Technology 
(SMART)  which  are  the  two  key  patents  relating  to  TurboShale’s  technology  and  process.  The  patent 
applications were granted in full in January 2019. 

As  announced  on  11  April  2018  the  Company,  Venture  Development  Partners  Ltd  (“VDP”)  and  TurboShale 
entered  into  a  settlement  agreement  whereby  VDP  agreed  to  the  cancellation  of  its  62,500  vested  common 
shares in TurboShale, which were issued to it pursuant to both the  framework agreement and the  marketing 
agreement,  along  with  all other unvested shares in TurboShale.  As  a result,  TomCo  increased  its interest  in 
TurboShale  from  66.77%  to  80%.  Consideration  was  in  the  form  of  warrants  to  purchase  100,000  ordinary 
shares in TomCo with an exercise price of £0.10. These warrants expire in April 2020. 

Financing 

During the financial year, TomCo carried out  two placings of a total of 33 million new ordinary shares, which 
raised a total of £1.25 million before costs. The proceeds were used for the advancement of the TurboShale 
field test and for general working capital. In addition, unsecured loans of, in aggregate, £250,000 were provided 
by Christopher Brown, repayable by March 2019.The loans were settled in January 2019 by an issue of 5 million 
new ordinary shares at 2p per share and £150,000 in cash. 

Since  the  end  of  the  financial  year there  have  been further  placings  of  27.5 million  shares, raising £550,000 
(gross), 1,176,471 further new shares issued for subscription, raising £100,000 (gross) and 21,818,182 further 
new  shares  raising  £600,000  (gross).  In  addition,  TomCo  sold  its  entire  interest  in  Red  Leaf  for  a  total 
consideration of US$133,333. 

As at 28 March 2019, the Group had cash of approximately £740,000 and cash flow forecasts indicate that the 
Group has sufficient funds to complete the Field Test and through to the end of October 2019 as detailed below 
under Going Concern and in Note 1.1 to the financial statements. 

Directors 

Directors who served on the Board during the year to 30 September 201 8 and to date were as follows: 

Andrew Jones 

Christopher Brown (resigned 1 February 2018) 

John Potter (appointed 1 February 2018) 

Alexander Benger  

Malcolm Groat  

Laurence Read (appointed 1 January 2019) 

____ 
5 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Directors’ report 

Directors’ interests in the ordinary shares of the Company, including family interests, as at 30 September 2018 
were as follows: 

30 September 2018 

30 September 2017 

Ordinary shares of 
Nil par value 

Share warrants 

Share 
options 

Ordinary shares 
of nil par value 

Share warrants 

C Brown*  

4,137,486 

A Jones 

J Potter 

A Benger 

M. Groat 

38,146 

26,500 

18,293 

- 

4,220,425 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

194,286 

857,143 

2,666,666 

1,714,285 

380,952 

380,952 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

5,142,855 

194,286 

857,143 

Details of remuneration, share warrants and share options can be found in the Remuneration Committee 
Report, Note 6, Note 17 and Note 18 to the financial statements. 

* Mr. Brown was also the life tenant and settlor of the BBCK Family Trust in Jersey, and therefore an indirect 
beneficiary of Kenglo One Ltd, a Jersey-based company. During the year, Mr Brown acquired 3,943,200 ordinary 
shares  at  a  price  of  3.875  pence  per  ordinary  share  from  Kenglo  One  Ltd.  As  a  result  of  the  acquisition,  Mr 
Brown was, at 30 September 2018, directly interested in 6.67% of the issued share capital of the Company. Mr 
Brown also resigned as a Director on 1 February 2018. After 30 September 2018, Mr Brown acquired a further 
5.0 million shares in consideration for the conversion of £100,000 of his loan outstanding to the Company. 

Payments of payables 

The Group’s policy is to negotiate payment terms with its suppliers in all sectors to ensure that they know the 
terms on which payment will take place when the business is agreed and to abide by those terms of payment.  

Going Concern 

Since the end of the financial year there have been further placings of, in aggregate, 49.3 million shares, raising 
£1.15 million gross of expenses and 1,176,471 further new shares issued for subscription, raising £100,000.  In 
addition,  TomCo  sold  its  entire interest in  Red Leaf for  a total consideration  of  US$133,333.  As  at  28  March 
2019, the Group had cash of approximately £740,000. 

The  Company  recently  completed  a  placing  which  raised  £600,000  (gross)  and  demonstrated  shareholder 
support for the Group’s plans. The Directors have prepared cash flow forecasts for the next 12 months from the 
date of signing of these financial statements. Under the forecasts, the Group plans to complete the Field Test in 
2019 and, subject to a successful test, the Company will have  recovered sufficient oil to undertake analysis to 
confirm the quality and potential recovery rates using TurboShale’s RF technology. This represents an important 
step towards establishing the future commerciality of the Group’s oil shale leases and building shareholder value. 
The forecasts indicate that the Group will have sufficient funds to complete the Field Test, though it will need to 
raise further funding during October 2019 in order to meet its liabilities and commitments as they fall due for the 
next 12 months. 

The  Directors  remain  confident  that  they  can  secure  the  requisite  additional  funding,  based  on  recent 
fundraisings  and  their  expectations  of  the  progression  of  TurboShale’s  RF  technology,  which  would  provide 
sufficient  funds  to  meet  operating  expenditure  for  the  next  12  months.  The  Board  believes  that,  assuming  a 
positive  outcome  from  the  Field  Test  in  2019,  the  Group  will  be  able  to  target  various  alternative  sources  of 
funding  and  will  actively  explore  all  potential  funding  options.  However,  these  conditions  are  necessarily 
considered  to  represent  a  material  uncertainty  which  may  cast  significant  doubt  over  the  Group’s  ability  to 
continue as a going concern. Whilst acknowledging this material uncertainty, the Directors remain confident of 
____ 
6 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Directors’ report 

raising the additional funds required and therefore the Directors consider it appropriate to prepare the financial 
statements on a going concern basis.  The financial statements do not include the adjustments that would result 
if the Group was unable to continue as a going concern. 

Directors’ responsibilities 

The Directors are responsible for keeping proper accounting records that are sufficient to show and explain the 
Group’s transactions and disclose with reasonable accuracy at any time the financial position of the Group and 
enable them to ensure that the financial statements comply with the requirements of the Isle of Man Companies 
Act  2006.  They  are  also  responsible  for  safeguarding  the  assets  of  the  Group  and  for  taking  steps  for  the 
prevention and detection of fraud and other irregularities. 

Company law requires the Directors to prepare financial statements for each financial year.  Under that law the 
Directors  have  elected  to  prepare  the  Group  financial  statements  in  accordance  with  International  Financial 
Reporting Standards (IFRSs) as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board. Under company law 
the Directors must not approve the financial statements unless they are satisfied that they give a true and fair 
view of the state of affairs of the Group and of the profit or loss of the Group for that year. The Directors are also 
required  to  prepare  financial  statements  in  accordance  with  the  rules  of  the  London  Stoc k  Exchange  for 
companies  trading  securities  on  the  AIM  market.  In  preparing  these  financial  statements,  the  Directors  are 
required to: 

• 

• 

• 

• 

consistently select and apply appropriate accounting policies; 

present  information,  including  accounting  policies,  in  a  manner  that  provides  relevant,  reliable, 
comparable and understandable information; 

provide additional disclosures when compliance with the specific requirements in IFRSs is insufficient to 
enable  users  to  understand  the  impact  of  particular  transactions,  other  events  and  conditions  on  the 
entity’s financial position and financial performance; and 

state that the Group has complied with IFRS, subject to any material departures disclosed and explained 
in the financial statements. 

The Directors confirm that they have complied with these requirements, and, having a reasonable expectation 
that  the  Group  has  adequate  resources  to  continue  in  operational  existence  for  the  foreseeable  future  and 
continue to adopt the going concern basis in preparing the financial statements. 

Auditors 

All the current Directors have taken all the steps that they ought to have taken to make themselves aware of any 
information needed by the Company’s auditors for the purposes of their audit and to establish that the auditors 
are aware of that information. The Directors are not aware of any relevant audit information of which the auditors 
are unaware. 

BDO  LLP  have  expressed  their  willingness  to  continue  in  office  and  a  resolution  to  re -appoint  them  will  be 
proposed at the annual general meeting. 

By order of the Board 

John Potter 
CEO 

   28 March 2019 

____ 
7 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CORPORATE GOVERNANCE STATEMENT 

As Chairman I am pleased to present the Company’s first Governance Statement under the QCA Corporate Governance 
Code (“the QCA Code” or the “Code”). Establishing effective corporate governance structures that evolve with the business 
and protect shareholder value is a key element of my role, together with the Board as a whole. Set out below are details of 
the Company’s governance framework benchmarked against the QCA Code principles. 

The Board of Directors of TomCo Energy (“TomCo” or “the Company”) monitors the business affairs of the Company on 
behalf of its shareholders. The Board currently consists of the Executive Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and three Non-
Executive Directors.  None of the Non-Executive Directors has held an executive position with the Company in the past.  The 
Directors have responsibility for the overall corporate governance of the Company and recognise the need for the highest 
standards  of  behaviour  and  accountability.    The  Directors  are  committed  to  the  principles  underlying  best  practice  in 
corporate governance and have adopted the QCA Corporate Governance Code (“the QCA Code” or the “Code”).  

This statement explains, at a high level, how the QCA Code is applied by the Company and how its application supports the 
Company’s medium to long-term success. Further information on the application of the Code can be found on the Company’s 
website at https://tomcoenergy.com/investors/governance/. 

The Board is responsible for the stewardship of the Company through consultation with the management of the Company. 
Management  represents  the  Executive  Directors.  Any  responsibility  that  is  not  delegated  to  management  or  to  the 
committees of the Board remains with the Board, subject to the powers of the shareholder meetings.  The frequency of Board 
meetings,  as  well  as  the  nature  of  agenda  items,  varies  depending  on  the  state  of  the  Company’s  affairs  and  in  light  of 
opportunities  or  risks  which  the  Company  faces.    Members  of  the  Board  are  in  frequent  contact  with  one  another  and 
meetings of the Board are held as deemed necessary. 

Statement of compliance with the QCA Code 

Throughout the year ended 30 September 2018, the Company has been in compliance with the provisions set out in the 
QCA Code. 

Statement about applying the principles of the Code 

The  Company  has  applied  the  principles  set  out  in  the  Code,  by  complying  with  the  Code  as  reported  above.  Further 
explanations of how the principles have been applied is set out below. 

Principle One – Business Model and Strategy 

TomCo is an oil shale exploration and development company focused on using innovative technology to unlock hydrocarbon 
resources, initially in Utah, USA. 

Its objective is to become the leading development company in the use of radio frequency (“RF”) technology in the extraction 
of oil & gas from oil shale and to commercialise its current oil shale assets. 

The Company believes that the RF technology, held through TurboShale in which the Company has an 80% interest, will 
benefit  from  being  economically  attractive,  carrying  significant  lower  costs  than  other  methods  of  retorting  and  will  be 
environmentally benign. The Company believes this will prove to be a disruptive technology and one with the potential to 
unlock TomCo’s oil shale assets. Details of key operational and strategic risks that impact the delivery of the future strategy 
are set out in the Directors’ Report together with mitigating actions. 

Principle Two – Understanding Shareholder Needs and Expectations 

The Board is committed to maintaining good communications and having constructive dialogue with its shareholders.  The 
Company  has  close  ongoing  relationships  with  its  private  shareholders  and  has  taken  on  board  suggestions  for  a  more 
proactive communications strategy. Shareholders and analysts have the opportunity to discuss issues and provide feedback 
at meetings with the Company and management. 

All shareholders are encouraged to attend and participate in all shareholder meetings called by the Company, in particular 
its Annual General Meeting (AGM). Investors also have access to current information on the Company and the Group through 
its website, www.tomcoenergy.com. 

____ 
8 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Corporate Governance Statement 

Principle Three – Considering wider stakeholder and social responsibilities 

The Board recognises that the long-term success of the Group is reliant upon the efforts of the employees of the Group, its 
partners,  consultants,  contractors,  suppliers,  regulators  and  other  stakeholders.  The  Board have  put  in  place  a  range  of 
processes and systems to ensure that there is close oversight and contact with its key stakeholders. 

The Group is subject to oversight by a number of different U.S. State and other regulatory bodies, who directly or indirectly 
are involved with the permitting and approval process of its Oil & Gas operations in Utah.  Additionally, given the nature of 
the Group’s business, there are other parties who, whilst not having regulatory power, nonetheless have interest in seeing 
that the Group conducts its operations in a safe, environmentally responsible, ethical and conscientious manner. 

The Group makes all reasonable efforts, directly or through its advisers, to engage in and maintain active dialogue with each 
of these governmental and non-governmental bodies, to ensure that any issues faced by the Group, including but not limited 
to regulations or proposed changes to regulations, are well understood and ensuring to the fullest extent possible that the 
Group is in compliance with all appropriate regulation, standards and specific licensing obligations, including environmental, 
social and safety, at all times. 

Principle Four – Risk Management 

In addition to its other roles and responsibilities, the Board is responsible for ensuring that procedures are in place and are 
being implemented effectively to identify, evaluate and manage the significant risks faced by the Group. 

As a result of the process described above, a number of risks have been identified.  The principal risks and the manner in 
which the Company and its Board seek to mitigate these are set out below. The Board reviews the principal risks facing the 
business as part of its meetings through the year and changes to those risks as the Company develops. Where risks change 
or new risks are identified the Board implements risk management strategies as applicable. 

Risk 

Comment 

Mitigation 

Operational risks 

See Directors Report. 

Risks related to 
Environmental, health 
and safety and other 
regulatory standards 

See Directors Report. 

Liquidity risk. 

See Directors’ Report including 
‘Going Concern section. 

Currency risk 

See Directors Report. 

The  Company  is  reducing  its  reliance  on  one 
recovery  method  with 
the  development  of 
TurboShale and its RF technology.  

The  Company  has  engaged  with  established 
contractors to carry out the  various elements of the 
project.  The  Board  carefully  monitors  performance 
and  the  results  of  work  being  carried  out  on  an 
ongoing basis.  

The  Company  has  employed  leading  advisors  to 
assist it in securing any relevant permits or licences 
to operate.  

The Company maintains ongoing oversight of health 
& safety and environmental compliance. 

The Company maintains a detailed cashflow forecast 
and  carefully  monitors  expenditure  and  will  seek  to 
raise additional funding as referred to in Note 1.1. 

The Company aims to  manage currency exposures 
by holding funds in the applicable currency to match 
anticipated expenditure.  

The Board consider that an internal audit function is not necessary or practical due to the size of the Group and the close 
day to day control exercised by the Executive Directors. However, the Board will continue to monitor the need for an internal 
audit  function.  The  Executive  Directors  have  established  appropriate  reporting  and  control  mechanisms  to  ensure  the 
effectiveness of the Group’s control systems for the size of the business and its activities. The Board obtains regular updates 
on risks from the Executive Directors which allows it to monitor the effectiveness of risk management and through its regular 
engagement and  review of reporting on areas such as status of the Company’s projects, budgets, results and cash flow 
position of the Company it considers the effectiveness of controls on an ongoing basis. 

____ 
9 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Corporate Governance Statement 

Principle Five – A Well-Functioning Board of Directors 

The Board currently comprises the Executive Chairman, Andrew Jones, Chief Executive, John Potter, and three  
independent Non-Executive Directors, Alexander Benger, Malcolm Groat and Laurence Read. 

Biographies for each of the current Directors are set out on the Company’s website.  Executive and Non-Executive Directors 
are subject to re-election usually at the Company’s Annual General Meeting, at intervals of no more than three years. 

The Board meets on a regular basis, typically at least once a month. 

The Board is responsible for formulating, reviewing and approving the Group’s strategy, budgets and corporate actions. As 
such, the Company has established separate Audit, and Remuneration Committees. 

The Audit Committee comprises Malcolm Groat (Chairman) and Alexander Benger . The Audit Committee meets at least 
twice a year to consider the integrity of the financial statements of the Company, including its annual and interim accounts; 
the  effectiveness  of  the  Company’s  internal  controls  and  risk  management  systems;  auditor  reports;  and  terms  of 
appointment and remuneration for the auditor. 

The Company’s Remuneration Committee comprises Alexander Benger (Chairman) and Malcolm Groat . The Remuneration 
Committee meets from time to time, but not less than once a year, to review and determine, amongst other matters, the 
remuneration of Executives on the Board and any share incentive plans of the Company. 

The QCA Code recommends that the Chair must have adequate separation from the day-to-day business to be able to make 
independent decisions. Currently Andrew Jones is the Company’s Executive Chair. As the Board is comprised of only five 
members, two of whom are Executive and three of whom are independent Non-Executive Directors, the Directors are of the 
view  that  given  the  current  size  and  stage  of  development  of  the  Company  it  would  not  be  appropriate  to  have  a  Non-
Executive Chair as well. For the same reason the Board has not appointed a senior independent director. 

The Chairman and Chief Executive are full time employees of the Company whilst each of the Non-Executive Directors are 
considered to be part time, they are expected to provide as much time to the Company as is required.  

The attendance record of the Directors at Board and committee meetings held during the year ended 30 September 2018 
was as follows: 

Main Board 

Meetings held 
Attendance: 
Andrew Jones 
John Potter (appointed 1 February 2018) 
Alex Benger 
Malcom Groat 
Chris Brown (resigned 1 February 2018) 

9 

9 
6 
8 
9 
1 

Audit 
Committee 
2 

Remuneration 
Committee 
2 

2 
2 

2 
2 

Laurence Read was appointed after the end of the financial year. 

Principle Six – Appropriate Skills and Experience of the Directors 

The Company believes that the current balance of skills in the Board as a whole, reflects a very broad range of commercial 
and  professional  skills  across  geographies  and  industries  and  each  of  the  Directors  has  previous  experience  in  public 
markets. 

The  Company  has  an  established  and  stable  Board  which  it  considers  to  be  well  suited  to  its  fundamental  objective  of 
enhancing and preserving long-term shareholder value and ensuring that the Group conducts its business in an ethical and 
safe manner. The Board is considered to be of sufficient number to provide more than adequate experience and perspective 
to its decision-making process and given the size and nature of the Group, the Board does not consider at this time that it is 
appropriate to increase the size of the Board or amend its composition. 

As the Board is not currently anticipating any change to its size or composition, it has not yet implemented a written policy 
regarding the identification and nomination of female directors. In the event that one of the existing members of the Board 
stands down from their current position, the Company will, at that time, give further consideration to the specific selection of 
a female member of the Board and the adoption of a formal policy relating to the positive appointment of additional female 
members of the Board for future opportunities. 

____ 
10 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Corporate Governance Statement 

The  Board  is  responsible  for:  (a)  ensuring  that  all  new  Directors  receive  a  comprehensive  orientation,  that  they  fully 
understand the role of the Board and its committees, as well as the contribution individual directors are expected to make 
(including the commitment of time and resources that the Company expects from its directors) and that they understand the 
nature and operation of the Group’s business; and (b) providing continuing education opportunities for all directors, so that 
individuals  may  maintain  or enhance  their  skills  and  abilities  as  directors,  as  well  as to  ensure that  their  knowledge  and 
understanding of the Group’s business remains current. 

Given the size of the Company and the in-depth experience of its Directors, the Company has not deemed it necessary to 
develop a formal process of orientation for new Directors but encourages all its Directors to visit the Group’s operations to 
ensure familiarity and proper understanding. 

Skills & Experience of Board Members  

Andrew Jones 

Andrew has over 13 years’ experience in capital markets and corporate finance. He is a member of the UK’s Chartered 
Institute  of  Securities  and  Investment  (CISI).  Before  joining  TomCo,  Andrew  was  instrumental  in  growing  a  number  of 
companies in a variety of sectors including technology, media and energy. Andrew was appointed to the Board in July 
2015. 

John Potter 

Accomplished Chief Executive and project manager with many years’ experience working within the energy sector. John 
brings a wide range of skills, knowledge and industry connections. John’s proficiencies in understanding and identifying 
best technologies in projects and his proven abilities in developing relationships with stakeholders, including operators, 
politicians, financiers, technology providers, regulators and so on, are well proven and  have brought great value to the 
companies he has previously worked with. 

Alexander Benger 

Small-cap  sector  focused  Corporate  Financier.  Initially  having  focused  on  Operational  Management  within  financial 
services companies, Alex moved into corporate finance in 2003 and has been involved in numerous fundraising, stock 
market  flotations  and  corporate  actions  for  both  private  and  public  companies.  For  12  years  he  has  concentrated 
predominately on London small-cap businesses, including four and a half years working for SME Stock Exchanges. 

Malcolm Groat 

Malcolm is a Chartered Accountant and has a wide range of experience in corporate life, with roles as Chairman, Non- 
Executive Director, Chair of Audit, CEO, COO and CFO for a number of companies. He is an adviser on compliance and 
governance, strategy and operational improvement, and managing the risks of rapid change. 

Laurence Read 

Laurence  brings  over  19  years  of  experience  to  the  Board  having  worked  with  numerous  hydrocarbon  and  mining 
companies on corporate development, cross border transactions including sales and mergers, IPOs and capital markets 
compliance. Within the hydrocarbon sectors, Mr Read has been involved in both exploration and operating projects located 
in the FSU, USA, Europa, North Western Australia, Africa and PNG. In addition to oil field development, he has worked in 
processed  fuels  and  the  commercial  development  of  gas  fields.  Currently,  Mr  Read  is  CEO  of  Bezant  Resources,  an 
executive director of Europa Metals, senior partner of Mowbrai Ltd and a non-executive director of Capital Metals. Within 
the publicly quoted company arena, Mr Read has corporate experience working within the regulatory frameworks of the 
UK exchanges, TSX, TSX-V JSE, ASX, Oslo and Hong Kong. 

Principle Seven – Evaluation of Board Performance 

The Board has determined that it shall be responsible for assessing the effectiveness and contributions of the Board as a 
whole, its committees (which currently comprise the Audit Committee, the Remuneration Committee and the Nomination 
Committee).  The  small  size  of  the  Board  allows  for  open  discussion.  The  Chairman  has  regular  dialogue  with  the  Chief 
Executive whereby the Board’s role and effectiveness can be considered. 

No formal assessments have been prepared in the year.  However, the Board assesses its effectiveness on an ongoing 
basis. The Board will keep this matter under review and especially if either the size of the Board or the number of committees 
increases, which in turn may require a  more formalised assessment and evaluation process to be established to ensure 
continued effectiveness. 

____ 
11 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Corporate Governance Statement 

Principle Eight – Corporate Culture 

The Board recognises that their decisions regarding strategy and risk will impact the corporate culture of the Group as a 
whole and that this will impact the performance of the Group.  The Board is very aware that the tone and culture set by the 
Board will greatly impact all aspects of the Group as a whole.  The corporate governance arrangements that the Board has 
adopted are designed to ensure that the Group delivers long-term value to its shareholders and that shareholders have the 
opportunity to express their views and expectations for the Company in a manner that encourages open dialogue with the 
Board. 

A  large  part  of  the  Group’s  activities  is  centred  upon  what  needs  to  be  an  open  and  respectful  dialogue  with  partners, 
suppliers, consultants and other stakeholders.  Therefore, the importance of sound ethical values and behaviour is crucial 
to the ability of the Group to successfully achieve its corporate objectives. 

The Directors consider that at present the Group has an open culture facilitating comprehensive dialogue and feedback and 
enabling positive and constructive challenge. 

Principle Nine – Maintenance of Governance Structures and Processes 

Ultimate  authority  for  all  aspects  of  the  Group’s  activities  rests  with  the  Board,  with  the  responsibilities  of  the  Executive 
Directors arising as a consequence of delegation by the Board. 

The Board has adopted appropriate delegations of authority which set out matters which are reserved to the Board.  The 
Chairman is responsible for the effectiveness of the Board and compliance with the Code, while management of the Group’s 
business and primary contact with shareholders has been delegated by the Board to the Chief Executive Officer. 

Non-Executive Directors 

The Board evaluates its performance and composition on a regular basis and will make adjustments as and when indicated.  
When  assessing  the  independence  of  each  Non-Executive  Director, length  of  service  is  one  of  the  considerations.    The 
Board will, when assessing new appointments in the future, consider the need to balance the experience and knowledge 
that each independent director has of the Group and its operations, with the need to ensure that independent directors can 
also bring new perspectives to the business. 

In accordance with the Isle of Man Companies Act 2006, the Board complies with: a duty to act within their powers; a duty 
to promote the success of the Company; a duty to exercise independent judgement; a duty to exercise reasonable care, skill 
and diligence; a duty to avoid conflicts of interest; a duty not to accept benefits from third parties and a duty to declare any 
interest in a proposed transaction or arrangement. 

Principle Ten – Shareholder Communication 

The  Board  is  accountable  to  the  Company’s  shareholders  and  as  such  it  is  important  for  the  Board  to  appreciate  the 
aspirations of the shareholders and equally that the shareholders understand how the actions of the Board and short-term 
financial performance relate to the achievement of the Group’s longer-term goals. 

The Board reports to the shareholders on its stewardship of the Group through the publication of interim and final financial 
results.  The  Company  announces  significant  developments  which  are  disseminated  via  various  outlets  including,  before 
anywhere  else,  RNS.  In  addition,  the  Company  maintains  a  website  (www.tomcoenergy.com)  on  which  RNS 
announcements, press releases, corporate presentations and the Report and Financial Statements are available to view. 

Enquiries from individual shareholders on matters relating to the business of the Group are welcomed.  Shareholders and 
other interested parties can subscribe to receive notification of news updates and other documents from the Company via 
email. 

The Annual General Meeting, and other meetings of shareholders that may be called by the Company from time to time, 
provide an opportunity for communication with all shareholders and the Board encourages the shareholders to attend and 
welcomes their participation.  The Board is committed to maintaining good communication and having constructive dialogue 
with its shareholders.  The Company has close ongoing relationships with its private shareholders. 

Andrew Jones 
Chairman, 28 March 2019 

____ 
12 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AUDIT COMMITTEE REPORT 

Overview 

The Committee met twice during the year. The external auditor also attended the meetings at the invitation of the Committee 
Chairman. 

Malcolm Groat was appointed chairman of the Committee by the Board, with the other Committee member being Alex Benger 

Financial Reporting 

The Committee monitored the integrity of the interim and annual financial statements and reviewed the significant financial 
reporting issues and accounting policies and disclosures in the financial reports. The external auditor attended the Committee 
meetings as part of the full year and interim accounts approval process. The process included the consideration of reports 
from  the  external  auditor  identifying  the  primary  areas  of  accounting  judgements  and  key  audit  risks  identified  as  being 
significant to the 2018 accounts.  

Audit Committee Effectiveness 

The Board considers the effectiveness of the Committee on a regular basis but not as formal process.  

External Audit 

The Committee is responsible for managing the relationship with the Company’s external auditor, BDO LLP.  

The  objectivity  and  independence  of  the  external  auditors  is  safeguarded  by  reviewing  the  auditors’  formal  declarations, 
monitoring relationships between key audit staff and the Group and reviewing the non-audit fees payable to the auditor. Non-
audit services are not performed by the auditor. During the year, audit fees were paid to BDO LLP of £31,000 (2017: £29,000).  

Internal Audit 

The Committee considered the requirement for an internal audit function. The Committee considered the size of the Group, 
its current activities and the close involvement of senior management. Following the Committee’s review, it did not deem it 
necessary to operate an internal audit function during the year. 

Malcolm Groat 
Chairman, Audit Committee 
28 March 2019 

____ 
13 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
REMUNERATION COMMITTEE REPORT 

Introduction 

This report is on the activities of the remuneration committee for the ended 30 September 2018.  

The Remuneration Committee comprises Alexander Benger (Chairman) and Malcolm Groat. The Remuneration Committee 
meets from time to time, but not less than once a year, to review and determine, amongst other matters, the remuneration of 
Executives on the Board and any share incentive plans of the Company. 

The Group has no employees other than the Directors, whose emoluments comprise fees paid for services. The amounts for 
their services are detailed below: 

A Jones 
J Potter (Appointed 1 February 2018) 
A Benger  
M Groat  

Salaries 
2018 
£’000 

Salaries 
2017 
£’000 

73 
38 
16 
16 

63 
- 
12 
6.5 

As detailed in Note 18, the Company has implemented a share option scheme for its  Directors during the year ended 
30 September 2018. The Directors’ Report provides further details. 

The Committee met twice during the year. The award of share options to the Executive Directors was also considered and 
ratified by the Committee prior to their grant in August 2018. 

Alex Benger 
Chairman, Remuneration Committee 
28 March 2019 

____ 
14 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Independent auditor’s report to the members of TomCo 
Energy Plc 

Opinion 

We have audited the financial statements of TomCo Energy Plc (the ‘Parent Company’) and its subsidiaries (the ‘Group’) 
for  the  year  ended  30  September  2018  which  comprise  the  consolidated  statement  of  comprehensive  income,  the 
consolidated  statement  of  financial  position,  the  consolidated  statement  of  changes  in  equity  and  the  consolidated 
statement of cash flows and notes to the financial statements, including a summary of significant accounting policies.  

The financial reporting framework that has been applied in the preparation of the financial statements is applicable law 
and International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs) as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board. 

In our opinion: 

• 

• 

the financial statements give a true and fair view of the state of the Group’s affairs as at 30 September 2018 and of 
the Group’s loss for the year then ended; and 
the financial statements have been properly prepared in accordance with IFRSs as adopted by the European Union. 

Basis for opinion 

We conducted our audit in accordance with International Standards on Auditing (UK) (ISAs (UK)) and applicable law. Our 
responsibilities under those standards are further described in the Auditor’s responsibilities for the audit of the financial 
statements section of our report. We are independent of the Group in accordance with the ethical requirements that are 
relevant to our audit of the financial statements in the UK, including the FRC’s Ethical Standard as applied to listed entities, 
and we have fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities in accordance with these requirements. We believe that the audit 
evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion. 

Material uncertainty in relation to going concern 

We  draw  attention  to  the  disclosures  made  in  note  1.1  to  the  financial  statements  concerning  the  Group’s  ability  to 
continue as a going concern.  The Group’s cash flow forecasts indicate that it will have sufficient funds to complete the 
Field Test but that it will need to raise further funds during October 2019 to enable it to meet its liabilities as they fall due 
beyond this date and continue as a going concern.  These conditions indicate the existence of a material uncertainty 
which may cast significant doubt about the Group’s ability to continue as a going concern.  Our opinion is not modified in 
respect of this matter. 

We identified going concern as a key audit matter based on our assessment of the significance of the risk and the effect 
on our audit strategy. 

Our audit procedures in response to this key audit matter included the following: 

•  We reviewed the latest cash flow forecasts for the Group which covered the 12 months from the date of approval 
of these financial statements.  This included assessment of the cash outflows against historical data and publically 
stated plans for the forthcoming field test. 

•  We verified receipt of the proceeds of equity placings post year end and confirmed the repayment and settlement 

of loans to supporting evidence. 

•  We discussed with the Directors how they intend to raise the funds necessary for the Group to continue as a 
going  concern  in  the  required  timeframe  and  considered  their  judgment  in  light  of  the  Group’s  previous 
fundraisings and independent expert Resource Statement obtained in March 2019 which provided an updated 
best estimate contingent and prospective resource in respect of the Group’s oil shale leases. 

•  We  checked  the  disclosures  in  note  1.1  to  the  financial  statements  against  the  requirements  of  the  relevant 

underlying framework to satisfy ourselves that the disclosure was appropriate. 

Key audit matters 

In  addition  to  the  matter described  in  the  material  uncertainty  related  to  going  concern  section,  key  audit  matters  are 
those matters that, in our professional judgment, were of most significance in our audit of the financial statements of the 
current period and include the most significant assessed risks of material misstatement (whether or not due to fraud) we 
identified, including those which had the greatest effect on: the overall audit strategy, the allocation of resources in the 
audit; and directing the efforts of the engagement team. These matters were addressed in the context of our audit of the 
financial statements as a whole, and in forming our opinion thereon, and we do not provide a separate opinion on these 
matters. 

____ 
15 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Carrying value of intangible assets:  

As detailed in notes 1.1 and 8 to the financial statements, as well as the accounting policies at note 1.9, the Group holds 
significant intangible assets, primarily the exploration and development license costs, which the Directors are required to 
assess for indicators of impairment at each reporting date.  The impairment indicator assessment requires the Directors 
to  exercise  significant  judgment  and  therefore  represents  a  significant  focus  area  for  our  audit,  together  with  the 
disclosures in the financial statements. 

How we addressed the key audit matter: 

•  We reviewed the licence documentation to check that the licences remain valid, as well as to confirm the dates of 

expiry and licence obligations. 

•  We evaluated management’s impairment indicator review.  Our evaluation included the following procedures: a) we 
reviewed  the  licence  agreements  to  confirm  that  the  Group  holds  valid  licences  until  2024  and  considered  the 
appropriateness  of  management’s  judgment  that  the  licence  can  be  converted from  a  large mining  operation  to  a 
small mining operation if necessary in the future; b) we reviewed the Competent Person’s report as part of the Group’s 
assessment of the oil resource and considered management’s judgment that it supported the continued prospectivity 
of  the  licence  area; c)  we  performed  procedures  to  assess  the  independence  and  competence  of  the  Competent 
Person  as  a  management  expert;  and  d)  we  made  specific  inquiries  of  management  and  reviewed  market 
announcements, budgets and plans which demonstrated that the Group plans continued investment in its TurboShale 
technology and subsequently development of the Holliday Block, subject to sufficient funding being available. 

•  We  considered  the  Group’s  progress  and  future  plans  regarding  technologies  that  are  necessary  for  commercial 
extraction  of  the  Holliday  Block  resources.   We  made  inquiries  of  Management,  assessed  the  Group’s  plans  and 
reviewed  the  patents  extended  during  the  period  and  assessed  the  Board’s  conclusion  that  there  are  no  current 
indicators of impairment under IFRS 6. 

•  We checked the disclosures in note 1.1 and 8 against the requirements of the relevant underlying framework to satisfy 

ourselves that the policies, judgments and estimates were adequately disclosed. 

Our findings 

We  found  Management’s  assessment  that  there  were  no  indicators  of  impairment  in  respect  of  its  exploration  and 
development  costs  at  the  reporting  date  to  be  acceptable. We found  the  disclosures  in  the  financial  statements  to  be 
consistent with relevant accounting standards. 

Our application of materiality 

The Group materiality level for the audit of the 2018 consolidated financial statements was set at a threshold of £135,000 
(2017 - £150,000). Materiality was calculated as 1.5% of total assets. We consider total assets to be the most significant 
determinant of the Group’s financial performance used by shareholders. 

We  apply  the  concept  of  materiality  both  in  planning  and  performing  our  audit,  and  in  evaluating  the  effect  of 
misstatements. We consider materiality to be the magnitude by which misstatements, including omissions, could influence 
the  economic  decisions  of  reasonable  users  that  are  taken  on  the  basis  of  the  financial  statements.  Importantly, 
misstatements below these levels will not necessarily be evaluated as immaterial as we also take account of the nature 
of  identified  misstatements,  and  the  particular  circumstances  of  their  occurrence,  when  evaluating  their  effect  on  the 
financial statements as a whole.  

Performance materiality is the application of materiality at the individual account or balance level set at an amount to 
reduce  to  an  appropriately  low  level  the  probability  that  the  aggregate  of  uncorrected  and  undetected  misstatements 
exceeds materiality for the financial statements as a whole. We set performance materiality at £75,000 for significant 
components forming part of the Group audit.  

We agreed with the audit committee that we would report all individual audit differences identified during the course of our 
audit in excess of £2,700 (2017 - £8,000). We also agreed to report differences below these thresholds that, in our view, 
warranted reporting on qualitative grounds.  

There were no misstatements identified during the course of our audit that were individually, or in aggregate, considered 
to be material in terms of their absolute monetary value or on qualitative grounds.  

An overview of the scope of our audit 

Our group  audit  scope  focused  on  the  group’s  principle  operating  locations,  being  the  United  Kingdom  and  USA. We 
determined there to be two significant components, for which we carried out full scope audits. Whilst materiality was set 
for the Group financial statements (as discussed above), individual component materiality was applied to each entity within 
the group. All of the audits were conducted by BDO LLP.  

Three non-significant components were identified. These components were subject to analytical review procedures.  

____ 
16 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other information 

The Directors are responsible for the other information. The other information comprises the information included in the 
annual report, other than the financial statements and our auditor’s report thereon. Our opinion on the financial statements 
does not cover the other information and, except to the extent otherwise explicitly stated in our report, we do not express 
any form of assurance conclusion thereon. 

In connection with our audit of the financial statements, our responsibility is to read the other information and, in doing so, 
consider whether the other information is materially inconsistent with the financial statements or our knowledge obtained 
in  the  audit  or  otherwise  appears  to  be  materially  misstated.  If  we  identify  such  material  inconsistencies  or  apparent 
material misstatements, we are required to determine whether there is a material misstatement in the financial statements 
or a material misstatement of the other information. If, based on the work we have performed, we conclude that there is 
a material misstatement of this other information, we are required to report that fact. We have nothing to report in this 
regard. 

Responsibilities of Directors 

As explained more fully in the Directors’ responsibilities statement set out on page 7, the Directors are responsible for the 
preparation of the financial statements and for being satisfied that they give a true and fair view, and for such internal 
control as the Directors determine is necessary to enable the preparation of financial statements that are free from material 
misstatement,  whether  due  to  fraud  or  error.  In  preparing  the  financial  statements,  the  Directors  are  responsible  for 
assessing the Group’s ability to continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going concern 
and using the going concern basis of accounting unless the Directors either intend to liquidate the Group or the Parent 
Company or to cease operations, or have no realistic alternative but to do so. 

Auditor’s responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements 

Our  objectives  are  to  obtain  reasonable  assurance  about  whether  the  financial  statements  as  a  whole  are  free  from 
material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an auditor’s report that includes our opinion. Reasonable 
assurance is a high level of assurance, but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with ISAs (UK) will 
always detect a material misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are considered 
material if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions of 
users  taken  on  the  basis  of these financial statements.  A  further  description  of  our responsibilities for the  audit of  the 
financial statements is located on the Financial Reporting Council’s website at:  www.frc.org.uk/auditorsresponsibilities. 
This description forms part of our auditor’s report. 

Use of our report 
This report is made solely to the Parent Company’s members, as a body, in accordance with our engagement letter dated 
5 November 2018.  Our audit work has been undertaken so that we might state to the Parent Company’s members those 
matters we are required to state to them in an auditor’s report and for no other purpose.  To the fullest extent permitted 
by law, we do not accept or assume responsibility to anyone other than the Parent Company and the Parent Company’s 
members as a body, for our audit work, for this report, or for the opinions we have formed. 

Ryan Ferguson (Senior Statutory Auditor) 
For and on behalf of BDO LLP, Statutory Auditor 
London, United Kingdom 
28 March 2019 

BDO LLP is a limited liability partnership registered in England and Wales (with registered number OC305127). 

____ 
17 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated statement of comprehensive income 
for the financial year ended 30 September 2018 

Revenue 

Cost of sales 

Gross loss 

Administrative expenses 

Operating loss 

Finance costs 

Loss on ordinary activities before taxation 

Taxation 

Loss for the year attributable to: 

Equity shareholders of the parent 

Note 

2 

2 

2 

4 

3 

5 

Non-controlling interests 

1.20 

Items that may be reclassified 
subsequently to profit or loss 

Exchange differences on translation of 
foreign operations 

Items that will not be reclassified 
subsequently to profit or loss 

Fair value gain on available for sale equity 
instrument 

10 

Other comprehensive income for the year 
attributable to: 

Equity shareholders of the parent 

Non-controlling interests 

1.20 

Other comprehensive income 

Total comprehensive loss attributable to: 

Equity shareholders of the parent 

Non-controlling interests 

1.20 

Total comprehensive loss 

2018 

£’000 

- 

- 

- 

(857) 

(857) 

(12) 

(869) 

- 

(869) 

(869) 

227 

102 

329 

(540) 

(770) 

(99) 

333 

(4) 

(437) 

(103) 

2017 

£’000 

- 

- 

- 

(428) 

(428) 

- 

(428) 

- 

(428) 

(428) 

- 

- 

- 

(428) 

2017 

Pence 

(416) 

(12) 

- 

- 

(416) 

(12) 

2018 

Pence 

Loss per share attributable to the equity 
shareholders of the parent 

per share 

per share 

Basic & diluted loss per share  

7 

(1.84) 

(1.75) 

The Notes on pages 22 to 37 form part of these financial statements. 

____ 
18 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated Statements of Financial Position 
as at 30 September 2018 

Assets 

Non-current assets 

Intangible assets 

Property, plant and equipment 

Other receivables 

Current assets 

Trade and other receivables 

Available for sale financial assets 

Cash and cash equivalents 

TOTAL ASSETS 

Liabilities 

Current liabilities 

Trade and other payables 

Net current (liabilities)/ assets 

TOTAL LIABILITIES 

Total net assets 

Shareholders’ equity 

Share capital 

Share premium 

Warrant reserve 

Translation reserve 

Retained deficit 

Equity attributable to owners of the parent 

Non-controlling interests 

Total equity 

Note 

8 

9 

11 

11 

10 

12 

13 

15 

16 

17 

1.20 

Group 

2018 

£’000 

8,075 

313 

23 

8,411 

47 

102 

262 

411 

8,822 

(504) 

(504) 

(93) 

(504) 

8,318 

- 

26,542 

43 

223 

Group 

2017 

£’000 

7,650 

- 

22 

7,672 

28 

- 

128 

156 

7,828 

(196) 

(196) 

(40) 

(196) 

7,632 

- 

25,354 

57 

- 

(18,393) 

(17,748) 

8,415 

(97) 

8,318 

7,663 

(31) 

7,632 

The financial statements were approved and authorised for issue by the Board of Directors on 28 March 2019. 

The Notes on pages 22 to 37 form part of these financial statements. 

Andrew Jones 
Director 

Malcolm Groat 
Director 

____ 
19 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated statements of changes in equity 
for the financial year ended 30 September 2018 

Group 

Equity attributable to equity holders of the parent 

Note 

Share capital  Share premium 

Balance at 1 October 2016 

Total comprehensive loss for the year 

Issue of shares (net of costs) 

Change in non-controlling interest 

Purchase of fractional interests 

At 30 September 2017 

Loss for the year 

Comprehensive income for the year 

Total comprehensive loss for the 
year 

Issue of shares (net of costs) 

Change in non-controlling interest 

Expiry of warrants  

Share-based payment charge 

At 30 September 2018 

15, 16 

1.20 
15, 16 

15, 16 
1.20 
17 

18 

£’000 

- 

- 
- 

- 

- 

- 

- 
- 
- 

- 

- 

£’000 

25,125 

- 
229 

- 

25,354 

- 

1,188 
- 
- 

- 

26,542 

Warrant 
reserve 
£’000 

Translation 
reserve 
£’000 

57 
- 

- 

- 

57 
- 

1 
(15) 

- 

43 

- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
223 

223 

- 
- 
- 
- 
223 

Retained Deficit 

£’000 

(17,348) 

(416) 
- 

23 
(7) 

(17,748) 

(770) 
110 

(660) 

- 

(37) 
15 

37 

(18,393) 

Total 

£’000 

7,834 

(416) 
229 

23 
(7) 

7,663 

(770) 
333 

(437) 

1,188 
(36) 
- 

37 

8,415 

  Non-controlling        

Total       

interest 

£’000 

- 

(12) 
4 

(23) 
- 

(31) 

(99) 
(4) 

(103) 

- 
37 
- 

- 

(97) 

Equity 

£’000 

7,834 

(428) 
233 

- 
(7) 

7,632 

(869) 
329 

(540) 

1,188 
1 
- 

37 

8,318 

The following describes the nature and purpose of each reserve within owners' equity: 

Reserve 
Share capital 

Share premium 

Warrant reserve 
Retained deficit 

Descriptions and purpose 
Amount subscribed for share capital at nominal value, together with transfers to share premium upon redenomination of the shares to 
nil par value. 
Amount subscribed for share capital in excess of nominal value, together with transfers from share capital upon redenomination of 
the shares to nil par value. 
Amounts credited to equity in respect of warrants to acquire ordinary shares in the Group. 
Cumulative net gains and losses recognised in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income less transfers to retained deficit 
on expiry. 

Non-controlling interest  Non-controlling interest share of losses of TurboShale Inc., together with adjustments associated with the initial recognition of, and 

changes in, the non-controlling interest. Refer Note 1.20. 

The Notes on pages 22 to 37 form part of these financial statements. 

____ 
20 

 
 
 
 
 
             
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Note 

2 

3 

8 

9 

15, 16 

Consolidated statements of cash flows 
for the financial year ended 30 September 2018 

Cash flows from operating activities 

Loss after tax 

Adjustments for: 

Finance costs 

Amortisation 

Share based payment charge 

(Increase)/decrease in trade and other receivables 

Increase/(decrease) in trade and other payables 

Cash used in by operations 

Interest paid 

Net cash outflow from operating activities 

Cash flows from investing activities 

Investment in intangibles 

Purchase of property, plant and equipment 

Net cash used in investing activities 

Cash flows from financing activities 

Issue of shares  

  Costs of share issue 

  Re-purchase of shares 

Receipt of loan finance 

Net cash generated from financing activities 

Net increase/(decrease) in cash and cash equivalents 

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of financial year 

Foreign currency translation differences 

Cash and cash equivalents at end of financial year 

The Notes on pages 22 to 37 form part of these financial statements. 

Group 

2018 

£’000 

Group 

2017 

£’000 

(869) 

(428) 

12 

6 

37 

(48) 

71 

(791) 

(12) 

(803) 

(204) 

(303) 

(507) 

1,250 

 (62) 

250 

1,438 

128 

128 

6 

262 

- 

- 

- 

9 

(36) 

(455) 

- 

(455) 

(20) 

- 

(20) 

250 

(21) 

(7) 

- 

222 

(253) 

381 

- 

128 

____ 
21 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the financial statements 
for the financial year ended 30 September 2018 

1.  Accounting policies 

The  principal  accounting  policies adopted in  the  preparation of  these  financial  statements  are set  out  below.    These 
policies have been consistently applied to all years presented, unless otherwise stated. 

1.1  Basis of preparation and going concern 

The Group’s financial statements have been prepared in accordance with International  Financial Reporting Standards 
as  issued  by  the  International  Accounting  Standards  Board  and  International  Financial  Reporting  Interpretations 
Committee (“IFRIC”) interpretations and with those parts of the Isle of Man Companies Act 2006 applicable to companies 
reporting under IFRS. The financial statements have been prepared under the historic cost convention. 

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with IFRS requires the use of estimates and assumptions.   Although 
these estimates are based on management’s best knowledge of the amount, event or actions, actual results ultimatel y 
may differ from those estimates.  Details of the Group’s significant accounting judgments are set out in these financial 
statements and include: 

Judgements 

- 

Impairment indicator assessment on intangible assets 

In  determining  whether  indicators  of  impairment  on  intangible  assets  existed  judgment  was  required.  The  directors 
have considered the remaining licence term and standing, future plans for exploration, the measured resources within 
the  mineral  leases  owned  by  the  Company;  and  the  likelihood  of  commercially  viable  extraction  technology  being 
developed and sufficient funding being available to the Company to develop and exploit such technology. The Board 
concluded that no impairment indicator existed at 30 September 2018. Refer to Note 8. 

Estimates 

-  Share based payments 

Estimates were required in determining the fair value of share options granted in the year including future share price 
volatility and the instrument life.  Refer to Note 18. 

The Group has consistently applied all applicable accounting standards. 

Going concern 

The  Directors  have  prepared  cash  flow  forecasts  for  the  next  12  months  from  the  date  of  signing  of  these  financial 
statements.  The forecasts indicate that the Company will have sufficient funds to complete the Field Test, though the 
Group will needs to raise further funding during October 2019 in order to have sufficient cash to meet its liabilities and 
commitments as they fall due based on its planned expenditure. 

The Directors remain confident that they can secure the requisite additional funding, based on recent fundraisings and 
the progression of the TurboShale RF technology, which would provide sufficient funds to meet operating expenditure 
for the next 12 months.  The Board believes that, assuming a positive outcome from the Field Test in 2019, the Group 
will  be  able  to  target  various  alternative  sources  of  funding  and  will  actively  explore  all  potential  funding  options.  
However,  these conditions are necessarily considered to represent a material uncertainty which may cast significant 
doubt  over  the  Group’s  ability  to  continue  as  a  going  concern.    Whilst  acknowledging  this  material  uncertainty,  the 
Directors remain confident of raising the additional funds required and therefore the Directors consider it appropriate to 
prepare the financial statements on a going concern basis.  The financial statements do not include the adjustments that 
would result if the Group was unable to continue as a going concern. 

1.2  Future changes in accounting standards 

The  IFRS  financial  information  has  been  drawn  up  on  the  basis  of  accounting  standards,  interpretations  and 
amendments effective at the beginning of the accounting period. 

There were no new standards, interpretations and amendments to published standards effective in the year which had 
a significant impact on the Group. 

The International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) has issued the following new and revised standards, amendments 
and interpretations to existing standards that are not effective for the financial year ended 30 September 2018 and have 
not been adopted early. 

____ 
22 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the financial statements 
for the financial year ended 30 September 2018 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

IFRS 15 

IFRS 9 

IFRS 16 

Revenue from contracts with customers 

Financial instruments 

Leases 

IFRS 2 
(amendments) 

Classification  and  measurement  of  share-based  payment 
transactions 

IFRIC 22 

IFRIC 23 

IFRS 9 
(amendments) 

Foreign Currency Transactions and Advanced Consideration 

Uncertainty over Income Tax Treatments 

Prepayment features with negative compensation 

Effective date (periods 
beginning on or after) 

1 Jan 2018 

1 Jan 2018 

1 Jan 2019 

1 Jan 2018 

1 Jan 2018 

1 Jan 2019 

1 Jan 2019 

IFRS  15  is  intended  to  introduce  a  single  framework  for  revenue  recognition  and  clarify  principles  of  revenue 
recognition.  This  standard  modifies  the  determination  of  when  to  recognise  revenue  and  how  much  revenue  to 
recognise.  The core principle is that an entity recognises revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods and services 
to the customer of an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for 
those  goods or  services.    At  present  the  Group  has no  revenues  and therefore the standard  would  not impact  the 
Group. 

IFRS 16 introduces a single lease accounting model.  This standard requires lessees to account for all leases under a 
single  on-  balance  sheet  model.  Under  the  new  standard,  a  lessee  is  required  to  recognise  all  lease  assets  and 
liabilities on the balance sheet; recognise amortisation of leased assets and interest on lease liabilities over the lease 
term; and separately present the principal amount of cash paid and interest in the cash flow s tatement.  Management 
is currently reviewing the impact of the standard but do not anticipate it having a material effect given the absence of 
operating leases. 

IFRS  9  “Financial  instruments”  addresses  the  classification  and  measurement  of  financial  assets  and  financial 
liabilities. It replaces the guidance in IAS 39 that relates to the classification and measurement of financial instruments.   
IFRS 9 retains but simplifies the mixed measurement model and establishes  three primary measurement categories 
for financial assets: amortised cost, fair value through other comprehensive income (OCI) and fair value through profit 
or loss.  The basis of classification depends on the entity’s business model and the contractual cash flow characteristics 
of the financial asset.  Investments in equity instruments are required to be measured at fair value through profit or 
loss  with  the  irrevocable  option  at  inception  to  present  changes  in  fair  value  in  OCI.  The  Group  holds  an  equity 
investment in Red Leaf which is currently classified as an available for sale asset. Under IFRS 9 this will be classified 
as fair value through profit and loss. A fair value gain that would have been recycled to profit and loss under the current 
accounting policy on disposal will not be recycled under IFRS 9.  

In IFRS 9 there is also now a new expected credit loss model that replaces the incurred loss impairment model used 
in IAS 39.  For financial liabilities there were no changes to classification and measurement except for the recognition 
of changes in credit risk in other comprehensive income, for liabilities designated at fair value through profit or loss.   

The Group is currently assessing the impact of these standards. 

1.3  Basis of consolidation 

The  Group  accounts  consolidate  the  accounts  of  the  parent  company,  TomCo  Energy  plc,  and  all  its  subsidiary 
undertakings  drawn  up  to  30  September  2018.    All  intra-group  transactions,  balances,  income  and  expenses  are 
eliminated on consolidation. 

The  acquisition  of  subsidiaries  is  accounted  for  on  the  purchase  basis.    A  subsidiary  is  consolidated  where  the 
Company has the control over an investee.  The Group controls an investee if all three of the following elements are 
present: power over the investee, exposure to variable returns from the investee, and the ability of the investor to use 
its power to affect those variable returns.  Control is reassessed whenever facts and circumstances indicate that there 
may be a change in any of these elements of control.   On acquisition all the subsidiary’s assets and liabilities which 
existed  at  the  date  of  acquisition  are recorded at  their  fair  values reflecting  their condition  at  the  time.    If,  after re-
assessment,  the  Group’s  interest  in  the  net  fair  value  of  the  identifiable  assets  liabilities  and  contingent  liabilities 
exceeds the cost of the business combination, the excess is recognised immediately in the statement of comprehensive 
income. 

____ 
23 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the financial statements 
for the financial year ended 30 September 2018 

1.4  Segmental reporting 

Operating segments are reported in a manner consistent with the internal reporting provided to the chief operating 
decision-maker.  The chief operating decision maker has been identified as the Board of Directors. 

Based on an analysis of risks and returns, the Directors consider that the Group has  two principal business segments 
based  on  geographical  location.    The  loss  before  taxation  arises  principally  within  the  UK  and  US.    Net  assets  are 
principally in the UK and the US. 

1.5  Revenue 

Revenue represents the Group’s share of sales of oil during the year, excluding sales tax and royalties. Income arises 
from the US and is recognised when the oil is delivered to the customer.  No revenue has arisen in the current or prior 
year. 

1.6  Finance income 

Finance income is accounted for on an effective interest basis. 

1.7  Property, plant and equipment 

Property, plant and equipment employed in exploration and evaluation activities are carried at cost. No depreciation has 
been  provided  on  these  assets  as  they had  not  been  brought into  use by the  end  of  the  financial year.  Subsequent 
depreciation will be capitalised to exploration and development costs. 

1.8 

Intangible assets 

Exploration and development licences 
The Group applies the full cost method of accounting for oil and gas operations.   For evaluation properties, all mineral 
leases,  permits,  acquisition  costs,  geological  and  geophysical  costs  and  other  direct  costs  of  exploration  appraisal, 
renewals and  development  are  capitalised  as  intangible fixed  assets  in  appropriate  cost  pools,  with  the  exception  of 
tangible assets, which are classed as property, plant and equipment .  Costs relating to unevaluated properties are held 
outside the relevant cost pool, and are not amortised until such time as the related property has been fully appraised.  
When a cost pool reaches an evaluated and bankable feasibility stage, the assets are transferred from intangible to oil 
properties within property, plant and equipment. 

Technology licences 
Amortisation is not charged on technology licences associated with oil and gas assets until they are available for use. 

Patents and patent applications 
Patents and patent applications acquired in consideration for combination of cash and the issue of shares in subsidiary 
undertakings are recognised at fair value, and amortised over their expected useful lives, which is  12 years being the 
patent term. 

1.9 

Impairment 

Exploration and development licences 
Exploration  and  development  assets  are  assessed  for  impairment  when  facts  and  circumstances  suggest  that  the 
carrying  amount  may  exceed  the  recoverable  amount.    In  accordance  with  IFRS  6  the  Group  firstly  considers  the 
following facts and circumstances in their assessment of whether the Group’s exploration and evaluation assets may be 
impaired, whether: 

▪ 

▪ 

▪ 

▪ 

the  period  for  which the Group has the right to explore in a specific area has expired during the period or will 
expire in the near future, and is not expected to be renewed; 

substantive expenditure on further exploration for and evaluation of mineral resources in a specific area is neither  
budgeted nor planned; 

exploration for and evaluation of hydrocarbons in a specific area have not led to the discovery of commercia lly 
viable quantities of hydrocarbons and the Group has decided to discontinue such activities in the specific area; 
and 

sufficient data exists to indicate that although a development in a specific area is likely to proceed, the carrying 
amount of the exploration and evaluation assets is unlikely to be recovered in full from successful development 
or by sale. 

If any such facts or circumstances are noted, the Group perform an impairment test in accordance with the provisions 
of IAS 36.  The aggregate carrying value is compared against the expected recoverable amount of the cash generating 

____ 
24 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the financial statements 
for the financial year ended 30 September 2018 

unit, which is generally the field, except that a number of field interests may be grouped as a single cash generating unit 
where the cash flows are interdependent.  The recoverable amount is the higher of value in use and the fair value less 
costs to sell. 

Any impairment loss would be recognised in the income statement and separately disclosed. 

Technology licence 
The  carrying  amount  of  the  Group’s  other  intangible  asset,  its  patents  and  technology  licence,  is  reviewed  at  each 
reporting  date  to  determine  whether  there  is  any  indication  of  impairment.    If  such  indication  exists,  the  asset’s 
recoverable amount is estimated.  An impairment loss is recognised whenever the carrying amount of an asset exceeds 
its recoverable amount.  Impairment losses are recognised in the income statement. 

1.10  Asset disposals 

Proceeds from the disposal of an asset, or part thereof, are taken to the statement of comprehensive income together 
with the requisite net book value of the asset, or part thereof, being sold. 

1.11  Taxation 

Taxation expense represents the sum of current tax and deferred tax. 

Current tax is based on taxable profits for the financial period using tax rates that have been enacted or substantively 
enacted  by  the  reporting  date.    Taxable  profit  differs  from  net  profit  as  reported  in  the  statement  of  comprehensive 
income  because  it  excludes  items of income  or  expenses  that  are  taxable  or  deductible  in  other years  and it further 
excludes items that are never taxable or deductible. 

Deferred tax is provided in full, using the liability method, on temporary differences arising between the tax bases of 
assets  and  liabilities  and  their  carrying  amounts  for  financial  reporting  purposes.    If  deferred  tax  arises  from  initial 
recognition of an asset or liability in a transaction other than a business combination that at the time of the transaction 
affects neither accounting nor taxable profit nor loss, it is not accounted for.  Deferred tax is determined using tax rates 
that  have  been  enacted  or  substantively  enacted  at  the  reporting  date  and  are  expected  to  apply  when  the  related 
deferred income tax asset is realised or the deferred tax liability is settled. 

Deferred tax assets are recognised to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profit will be available against 
which the temporary differences can be utilised. 

Deferred tax is provided on temporary differences arising on investments in subsidiaries, except where the timing of the 
reversals of the temporary differences is controlled by the Group and it is probable that the temporary differences will 
not reverse in the foreseeable future. 

Deferred tax is charged or credited in the statement of comprehensive income, except when it relates to items charged 
or credited directly to equity, in which case the deferred tax is also dealt with in equity. 

1.12  Foreign currencies 

The accounts have been prepared in pounds  sterling being the presentational currency of the Group.  The functional 
currency of the holding company is also pounds sterling. The functional currency of the US subsidiaries is US dollars.  
Assets  and  liabilities held  in  the  Group  or  overseas subsidiaries in  currencies  other  than  the  functional currency  are 
translated into the functional currency at the rate of exchange ruling at the reporting date. 

Transactions entered into by Group entities in a currency other than the functional currency of the entity are recorded at 
the rates ruling when the transactions occur.  Exchange differences arising from the settlement of monetary items are 
included in the statement of comprehensive income for that period. 

The assets and liabilities of subsidiaries with functional currencies other than sterling are translated at balance sheet 
date rates  of  exchange.    Income and  expense  items  are translated at the  average  rates  of  exchange  for  the  period.  
Exchange differences arising are recognised in other comprehensive income (attributed to the parent equity holder and 
non-controlling interests as appropriate). 

1.13  Operating leases 

Rentals payable under operating leases, net of lease incentives, are charged to the statement of comprehensive income 
on a straight-line basis over the period of the lease. 

____ 
25 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the financial statements 
for the financial year ended 30 September 2018 

1.14  Available-for-sale financial assets 

The Group classifies its investments as available-for-sale financial assets. 

The available for sale financial assets are carried at fair value when the fair value can be measured reliably with changes 
in fair value recognised directly in equity within the available-for-sale reserve; exchange differences on available-for-sale 
financial assets denominated in a foreign currency are recognised in other comprehensive income. If the fair value of 
available for sale financial assets cannot be reliably measured then they are carried at historic cost. These assets are 
then assessed for impairment. If there is evidence that an impairment loss has been incurred on an equity instrument 
that does not have a quoted price in an active market and that is not carried at fair value because its fair value cannot 
be reliably measured, the amount of the impairment loss is measured as the difference between the carrying amount of 
the financial asset and the present value of estimated future cash flows discounted at the current market rate of return 
for a similar financial asset. Any such impairment is recognised in the profit or loss. Such impairment losses shall not be 
reversed.  

In the event that information exists which subsequently enables an available for sale investment to be reliably fair valued, 
the asset is measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognised directly in equity within the available-for-sale 
reserve; exchange differences on available-for-sale financial assets denominated in a foreign currency are recognised 
in other comprehensive income. Fair value gains on such items are recorded through other comprehensive income. 

1.15  Loans and receivables 

These assets are non-derivative financial assets with fixed or determinable payments that are not quoted in an active 
market.    They  arise  principally  through  types  of  contractual  monetary  asset  such  as  receivables.    They  are  initially 
recognised  at  fair  value  plus  transaction  costs  that  are  directly  attributable  to  their  acquisition  or  issue,  and  are 
subsequently  carried  at  amortised  cost  using  the  effective  interest  rate  method,  less  provision  for  impairment.  
Impairment provisions are recognised when there is objective evidence (such as significant financial difficulties on the 
part  of  the  counterparty  or  default  or  significant  delay  in  payment)  that  the  Group  will  be  unable  to  collect  all  of  t he 
amounts due under the terms receivable, the amount of such a provision being the difference between the net carrying 
amount and the present value of the future expected cash flows associated with the impaired receivable.   

The  Group’s  loans  and  receivables  comprise  trade  and  other  receivables  and  cash  and  cash  equivalents  in  the 
consolidated statement of financial position. 

1.16  Cash and cash equivalents 

Cash and cash equivalents includes cash in hand, deposits held at the bank and other short term liquid investments with 
original maturities of three months or less. 

1.17  Trade payables 

Trade payables are recognised at amortised cost. All of the trade payables are non-interest bearing. 

1.18  Share capital 

Ordinary shares are classified as equity. Shares issued in the period are recognised at the fair value of the consideration 
received.  

1.19  Warrants 

Warrants issued as part of financing transactions in which the holder receives a fixed number of shares on exercise of 
the  warrant are fair valued at the date of grant and recorded within the warrant reserve.  Fair value is measured by the 
use of the Black Scholes model. 

1.20  Non-controlling interests 

Non-controlling interests in subsidiaries are identified separately from the Group’s equity therein.    Those interests of 
non-controlling shareholders that are present ownership interests entitling their holders to a proportionate share of net 
assets upon liquidation may initially be measured at fair value or at the non-controlling interests’ proportionate share of 
the  fair  value  of  the  acquiree’s  identifiable  net  assets.    The  choice  of  measurement  is  made  on  an  acquisition-by-
acquisition  basis.  Other  non-controlling  interests  are  initially  measured  at  fair  value.  Subsequent  to  acquisition,  the 
carrying amount of non-controlling interests is the amount of those interests at initial recognition plus the non-controlling 
interests’ share of subsequent changes in equity.  Total comprehensive income is attributed to non-controlling interests 
even if this results in the non-controlling interests having a deficit balance. 

____ 
26 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the financial statements 
for the financial year ended 30 September 2018 

Changes  in  the  Group’s  interests  in  subsidiaries  that  do  not  result  in  a  loss  of  control  are  accounted  for  as  equity 
transactions.  The carrying amount of the Group’s interests and the non-controlling interests are adjusted to reflect the 
changes in their relative interests in the subsidiaries.  Any difference between the amount by which the non-controlling 
interests  are  adjusted  and  the  fair  value  of  the  consideration  paid  or  received  is  recognised  directly  in  equity  and 
attributed to the owners of the Group. 

Details  concerning  non-wholly  owned  subsidiaries  of  the  Group  that  have  material  non-controlling  interests  are  as 
follows: 

Name of subsidiary 

Proportion of 
ownership interests 
and voting rights 
held by non-
controlling interests 
2017 
2018 
% 
% 

Total 
comprehensive loss 
allocated to non-
controlling interest 
2017 
2018 
£’000 
£’000 

Change in non-
controlling interest 
2017 
2018 
£’000 
£’000 

TurboShale Inc 

20 

33.3 

(103) 

(12) 

37 

(23) 

Accumulated non-
controlling interest 

2018 
£’000 

(97) 

2017 
£’000 

(31) 

During the year ended 30 September 2018, certain shares in TurboShale Inc issued to non-controlling interests were 
cancelled, resulting in an increase in the Company’s effective interest from 66.7% to 80%. Given the net deficit of the 
subsidiary this resulted in a reduced share of the Group’s losses attributable to the non-controlling interest in accordance 
with the Group’s accounting policy. The effects of the change in the non-controlling interest are recognised in reserves. 
Included  in  total  comprehensive  loss  is  £99,000  (2017:  £12,000)  of  losses  with  the  remainder  reflecting  other 
comprehensive expense. 

1.21  Share-based payments 

Equity-settled share-based payments to directors are measured at the fair value of the equity instruments at the grant 
date. Details regarding the determination of the fair value of equity-settled share-based transactions is set out in Note 
18. 

The fair value determined at the grant date is expensed on a straight line basis over the vesting period or periods, based 
on the Group’s estimate of equity instruments that will eventually vest. At each balance sheet date, the  Group revises 
its estimate of the number of equity instruments expected to vest. The impact of the revision of the original estimates, if 
any, is recognised in profit or loss such that the cumulative expenses reflects the revised estimate, with a corresponding 
adjustment to equity reserves. 

____ 
27 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the financial statements 
for the financial year ended 30 September 2018 

2.  Segmental reporting – Analysis by geographical segment 

The loss before taxation arises within principally the UK and US. Net assets are principally in the UK and US.   Based on an analysis of risks and returns, the Directors consider that the 
Group has two principal business segments based on geography, with the UK primarily representing head office costs of the Group.  Operating segments are reported in a manner 
consistent with the internal reporting provided to the chief operating decision-maker.  The chief operating decision maker has been identified as the Board of Directors.   The Directors 
therefore consider that no further segmentation is appropriate. 

Year ended 30 September 

External revenue 
Inter-segment sales 
Cost of sales 
Gross loss 
Impairment 
Administrative expenses 
Operating loss 
Financial income 
Finance costs 

Total loss 

Non-Current assets: 
– Exploration and development assets 
– Other 
– Property, plant and equipment 
– Patents 

Current assets: 
Trade and other receivables 
Available for sale financial assets 
Cash and cash equivalents 
Total assets 

Current liabilities: 
Trade and other payables 

Total liabilities 

2018 
£’000 
- 

United States  United Kingdom 
2018 
£’000 
- 
92 
- 
92 
- 
(562) 
(470) 
- 
(12) 

- 
- 
- 
(387) 
(387) 
- 
- 

(387) 

(482) 

8,047 
23 
313 
28 
8,411 

- 
- 
128 
8,539 

(17) 

(17) 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

47 
102 
134 
283 

(487) 

(487 

Eliminations 
2018 
£’000 

(92) 

(92) 

92 
- 

Total 
2018 
£’000 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
(857) 
(857) 
- 
(12) 

(869) 

8,047 
23 
313 
28 
8,411 

47 
102 
262 
8,822 

(504) 

(504) 

United States 
2017 
£’000 
- 

United Kingdom 
2017 
£’000 
- 

- 
- 
- 
(123) 
(123) 
- 
- 

(123) 

7,627 
22 
- 
23 
7,672 

- 
- 
7 
7,679 

(28) 

(28) 

- 
- 
- 
(305) 
(305) 
- 
- 

(305) 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

28 
- 
121 
149 

(168) 

(168) 

Total 
2017 
£’000 
- 

- 
- 
- 
(428) 
(428) 
- 
- 

(428) 

7,627 
22 
- 
23 
7,672 

28 
- 
128 
7,828 

(196) 

(196) 

____ 
28 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the financial statements 
for the financial year ended 30 September 2018 

3.  Finance costs 

Loan note interest (Note 20 & 21) 

Total finance costs for the financial year 

4.  Operating loss 

The following items have been charged in arriving at operating loss: 

Auditors’ remuneration: audit services 

Rentals payable in respect of land and buildings 

5.  Taxation 

There is no tax charge in the year due to the loss for the year. 

Factors affecting the tax charge: 

Loss on ordinary activities before tax 
Loss on ordinary activities at standard rate of corporation tax  
in the UK of 19% (2017: 19.5%) 

Effects of: 

Excess management expenses carried forward 
Tax charge for the financial year 

2018 

£’000 

12 

12 

2018 

£’000 

31 

6 

2018 

£’000 

(869) 

(165) 

165 

- 

2017 

£’000 

- 

- 

2017 

£’000 

29 

7 

2017 

£’000 

(428) 

(83) 

83 

- 

A reduction in the UK corporation tax rate from 20% to 19% (effective from 1 April 2017) and to 18% (effective 1 April 2020) 
were substantively enacted on 26 October 2015, and an additional reduction to 17% (effective 1 April 2020) was substantially 
enacted on 6 September 2016.  This will reduce the Group’s future current tax charge accordingly in the event of profits. 

6.  Employees and Directors 

The Group has no employees other than the Directors, whose emoluments comprise fees paid for services.  The amounts for 
their services are detailed below: 

C Brown (Resigned 1 February 2018) 

A Jones 

J Potter (Appointed 1 February 2018) 

S Corney (Resigned 23 December 2016) 

A Benger  

M Groat  

Total remuneration 

Salaries 

Salaries 

2018 
£’000 

2017 
£’000 

- 

73 

38 

- 

16 

16 

40 

63 

- 

3 

12 

6.5 

143 

124.5 

____ 
29 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the financial statements 
for the financial year ended 30 September 2018 

7.  Loss per share 

Basic loss per share is calculated by dividing the losses attributable to ordinary shareholders by the weighted average number 
of ordinary shares outstanding during the year. Reconciliations of the losses and weighted average number of shares used in 
the calculations are set out below.  

Financial year ended 30 September 2018 
Basic and Diluted EPS 

Losses 

£’000 

Weighted 
average 
number of 
shares 

Per share 
Amount 

Pence 

Losses attributable to ordinary shareholders on continuing operations 

Total losses attributable to ordinary shareholders 

(770) 

(770) 

41,719,121 

41,719,121 

(1.84) 

(1.84) 

Financial year ended 30 September 2017 

Basic and Diluted EPS 

Losses attributable to ordinary shareholders on continuing operations 

Total losses attributable to ordinary shareholders 

(416) 

(416) 

23,770,053 

23,770,053 

(1.75) 

(1.75) 

The warrants and share options which were issued or for which entitlement to warrants was established in the current and prior 
years (Notes 17 and 18) are anti-dilutive.  As these instruments would be anti-dilutive a separate diluted loss per share is not 
presented. 

8. 

Intangible assets 

Oil & Gas 

Exploration and 
development 
licences 

£’000 

7,627 

- 

- 

7,627 

193 

227 

8,047 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

8,047 

7,627 

7,627 

Cost 

At 1 October 2016 

Additions 

Translation differences 

At 30 September 2017 

Additions 

Translation differences 

At 30 September 2018 

Amortisation/Impairment  

At 1 October 2016 

Amortisation 

At 30 September 2017 

Amortisation 

At 30 September 2018 

Net book value 

At 30 September 2018 

At 30 September 2017 

At 30 September 2016 

Oil & Gas 

Oil & Gas 

Oil & Gas 

Technology licence 

£’000 

1,314 

- 

- 

1,314 

- 

- 

1,314 

1,314 

- 

1,314 

- 

1,314 

- 

- 

- 

Patents and patent 
applications 

£’000 

- 

24 

(1) 

23 

11 

- 

34 

- 

- 

- 

6 

6 

28 

23 

- 

Total 

£’000 

8,941 

24 

(1) 

8,964 

204 

227 

9,395 

1,314 

- 

1,314 

6 

1,320 

8,075 

7,650 

7,627 

The  exploration  and  development  licences  comprise  two  Utah  oil  shale  leases  covering  approximately  2,919  acres . 
Independent natural resources consultants SRK Consulting (Australasia) Pty Ltd, part of the internationally recognised 
SRK  Group,  has  recently  reported  best  estimate  Contingent  Resources  (2C)  of,  in  aggregate,  131.3  MM  bbl  of  oil 
assessed  under  Petroleum  Resources  Management  System  (“PRMS”)  guidelines,  plus  a  best  estimate  Prospective 
Resource (2U) of, in aggregate, 442.8 MM bbl oil across the Leases. This included the Holliday A Block, where the Field 

____ 
30 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the financial statements 
for the financial year ended 30 September 2018 

Test is to be undertaken, with 2C Contingent Resources of 57.3 MM bbl of oil and 2U Prospective Resources of 84.7 MM 
bbl of oil.  The Directors continue to consider the Holliday Block to be prospective and are seeking methods of extracting 
the shale oil through development of TurboShale’s technologies. The claim areas and the Group’s interest in them is: 

Asset 
ML 49570 
ML 49571 

Per cent 
Interest 
100 
100 

Licence 
Status 
Prospect 
Prospect 

Expiry Date 
31/12/2024 
31/12/2024 

Licence Area 
(Acres) 
1,638.84 
1,280.00 

In  performing  an  assessment  of  the  carrying  value  of  the  exploration  licences  at  the  reporting  date,  the  Directors 
concluded  that it  was  not  appropriate to  book  an impairment  given  the  measured resource,  the  licence  term  and  the 
continued  plans  to  explore  and  develop  the  block,  including  the  new  technologies  which  TurboShale  is  seeking  to 
develop.   

The outcome of ongoing exploration, and therefore whether the carrying value of the exploration licence s will ultimately 
be recovered, is inherently uncertain and is dependent upon successful development of commercially viable extraction 
technology.    If  the  required  additional  funding  was  not  to  be  made  available  to  the  Company  or  commercially  viable 
extraction technologies cannot be developed, the carrying value of the asset might need to be impaired.   

During the 2017/2018 financial year, preliminary drilling and other project-related costs were incurred in preparation for 
the field test to be carried out in 2018/2019. 

9.  Property, plant and equipment 

Cost at 30 September 2017 

Additions 

Translation differences 
At 30 September 2018 

At 30 September 2017 
At 30 September 2016 

10.  Available-for-sale financial assets 

Cost  

At 1 October 2016 

Additions 

At 30 September 2017 

Additions 

At 30 September 2018 

Provisions 

At 1 October 2016  

Impairment  

At 30 September 2017  

Fair value gain 

At 30 September 2018 

Net book value 

At 30 September 2018 

At 30 September 2017 
At 30 September 2016 

Exploration and evaluation equipment 
Total 
£’000 
- 

303 

10 
313 

- 
- 

Unlisted 
Investments 

£’000 

3,442 

- 

3,442 

- 

3,442 

3,442 

- 

3,442 

(102) 

3,340 

102 

- 
- 

____ 
31 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the financial statements 
for the financial year ended 30 September 2018 

During the year to 30 September 2012, the Group invested US$5.0 million (£3.1 million) in Red Leaf (Equity securities 
US – Red Leaf) at US$1,500 per share as part of a US$100 million raising by Red Leaf in conjunction with the closing of 
a Joint Venture (“JV”) with Total E&P USA Oil Shale, LLC, an affiliate of Total SA. 

In previous years the Directors considered that the fair value of the investment could not be reliably measured and so, 
as permitted by IFRS, the asset was stated at original cost less any provision for impairment and has been fully impaired 
for a number of years. The investment was realised after the year end for a price of US$133,333 (£102,000 at year end 
rate). The Directors reviewed all relevant facts and circumstances between  30 September 2018 and the sale date and 
concluded that the sale price reflected the best estimate of reliable fair value at year end. Accordingly , the asset was 
held at fair value at 30 September 2018 with the change in fair value recorded in other compreh ensive income. 

Details of unlisted investments 

Name 

Equity securities US – Red Leaf 

11.  Trade and other receivables 

Current 

Other receivables 

Amounts owed from Group 
Prepayments and accrued income 

Non- current 

Other receivables 
Amounts owed from Group 

Total Receivables 

Share holding 
number 
3,333.33 

Percentage 
holding % 
0.43 

Average cost 
per share 
1,500 dollars 

Group 
2018 

£’000 

37 

- 

10 
47 

23 

- 

70 

Cost 
£’000 
3,262 

Group 
2017 

£’000 

21 

- 

7 
28 

22 

- 

50 

As at 30 September 2018 there were no receivables considered past due (2017: £Nil).  The maximum exposure to credit 
risk at the reporting date is the fair value of each class of receivable and cash and cash equivalents as disclosed in Note 
19.   

All current receivable amounts are due within six months. 

12.  Cash and cash equivalents 

Cash at bank and in hand 

Group 
2018 
£’000 

262 

Group 
2017 
£’000 

128 

The Group earns 0.05% (2017: 0.05%) interest on their cash deposits, consequently the Group’s exposure to interest 
rate volatility is not considered material. 

13.  Trade and other payables 

Current 
Trade payables 
Other payables 
Loans (Note 21 & 22) 
Accruals 

Group 
2018 
£’000 
58 
10 
250 
186 

504 

Group 
2017 
£’000 
7 
56 
- 
133 

196 

All  current  amounts  are  payable  within  six  months  and  the  Directors  considers  that  the  carrying  values  adequately 
represent the fair value of all payables. Refer to Note 20 and 21 for terms of the loans. 

____ 
32 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the financial statements 
for the financial year ended 30 September 2018 

14.  Deferred tax 

Unrecognised losses 

The  Group  has  tax  losses  in  respect  of  excess  management  expenses  of  approximately  £11.1  million  (2017:  £10.7 
million)  available  for  offset  against  future  Company  income.    This  gives  rise  to  a  potential  deferred  tax  asset  at  the 
reporting date of  £2.1  million (2017: £2.14  million).    No deferred tax asset has been recognised in respect of the tax 
losses carried forward as the recoverability of this benefit is dependent on the future profitability of the Company, the 
timing of which cannot reasonably be foreseen but the excess management expenses have no expiry date. Subsidiary 
entities have accumulated losses of approximately £550,000 for which no deferred tax asset is recorded given uncertainty 
of future profits. 

15.  Share capital 

Issued and fully paid at 1 October 2016-shares of no par value 

June 2017 – consolidation of shares 

June 2017 – repurchase of shares 

June 2017 – subdivision of shares 

July 2017 – placing of new ordinary shares (Note 16) 

At 30 September 2017 

Number of shares 
in issue 

2,847,189,198 

(2,847,075,311) 

(109,600) 

22,663,513 

22,667,800 

6,250,000 

28,917,800 

2017 
£ 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

Number of shares 
in issue 

2018 
£ 

Issued and fully paid at 1 October 2017-shares of no par value 

April 2018 – placing of new ordinary shares (Note 16) 

April 2018 – issue of shares in settlement of professional fees 

June 2018 – placing of new ordinary shares (Note 16) 

At 30 September 2018 

28,917,800 

20,000,000 

199,999 

13,000,000 

62,117,799 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

A resolution was passed at the  Company’s Annual General Meeting in June 2017 to reduce the number of shares in 
issue and the number of shareholders on the register.  Accordingly, existing ordinary shares were consolidated such that 
each 25,000 shares became 1 share.  Fractional entitlements were then repurchased by the Company, and the resulting 
number of shares were then subdivided such that each consolidated share became 200 ordinary shares. 

16.  Share premium 

At 1 October 

April 2018 – placing at 3 pence per share , amount raised net of costs 

April 2018 –issue of shares at 3 pence per share  

June 2018-placing at 5 pence per share , amount raised net of costs 

July 2017-placing at 4 pence per share , amount raised net of costs 

At 30 September 

2018 

£’000 

25,354 

567 

6 

615 

- 

26,542 

2017 

£’000 

25,125 

- 

- 

- 

229 

25,354 

____ 
33 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the financial statements 
for the financial year ended 30 September 2018 

17.  Warrants 

At 30 September 2018 the following share warrants were outstanding in respect of ordinary shares:  

2018 

2018 

2017 

2017 

Weighted average 
exercise price  
Pence 
24.8 
(21.2) 
10.0 
- 
14.0 
14.0 

number 
1,113,200 
(857,200) 
100,000 
- 
356,000 
356,000 

number 
119,142,857 
- 
20,000,000 
(138,029,657) 
1,113,200 
1,113,200 

Weighted average 
exercise price  
Pence 
0.20 
- 
0.17 
25.2 
24.8 
24.8 

Outstanding at 1 October  
Expired during the year 
Granted during the year 
Adjustment for consolidation of shares in issue 
Outstanding at 30 September 
Exercisable at 30 September  

Issue of Warrants 

Upon conversion of a loan in 2016, Christopher Brown, the then CEO of the Company, was issued with 1 warrant for 
every 2 new ordinary shares into which the loan converted giving him the right to acquire new shares at an exercise price 
of 0.17p (representing a 21.4% premium to the closing mid-price as at 18 May 2016 being the loan note issue date).  
These warrants had a life of two years and could be exercised from the date of issue.   The fair value of £15,000 was 
recorded in equity and expensed.  The number of warrants adjusted to 857,200 and the exercise price adjusted to 21.2p 
post the share consolidation detailed in Note 15. These warrants expired during the year ended 30 September 2018. 

On completion of a placing on 2 October 2014, the Company issued 12,000,000 warrants with an exercise price of 0.5p 
and  a  contractual  life  of  5  years.    The  exercise  price  of  the  warrants  adjusted  to  6.25p  and  the  number  of  warrants 
adjusted to 96,000 post the share consolidation detailed in Note 15. 

On  7  October  2016  the  Company  entered  an  agreement  in  which  the  counterparty  was  entitled  to  subscribe  for 
20,000,000 ordinary shares at 0.17p per share (subsequently consolidated to 160,000 warrants exercisable at 21.25p 
per share following the share consolidation) for services. The warrant entitlement expired shortly after the year end 

In  April  2018  the  Company  issued  100,000  warrants  with  a  life  of  two  years  and  an  exercise  price  of  10p   as  part 
consideration  for  settlement  of  its  contract  with  Venture  Development  Partners  Limited  concerning  a  framework 
agreement relating to TurboShale concluded in 2017. The fair value of these warranted was assessed to be immaterial 
at approximately £1,000. 

Each warrant in issue is governed by the provisions of warrant instruments representing the warrants which have been 
adopted by the Company.   The rights conferred by the warrants are transferable in whole or in part subject to and in 
accordance with the transfer provisions set out in the Articles.  The warrants outstanding at 30 September 2018 had a 
weighted average exercise price of 14p (2017: 24.8p) and a weighted average remaining contractual life of  0.71 years 
(2017: 1.1 years). 

The Company intends, following publication of these accounts, to issue 425,500 warrants to an adviser, giving them the 
right to acquire such number of new ordinary shares at an exercise price of 2.75 pence for a period of two years.  

18.  Share-based payments 

The  Company  has  implemented  a  share  option  scheme  for  its  Directors  during  the  year  ended  30  September  2018. 
Options are exercisable at a price equal to  the quoted market price of the Company’s shares at the date of grant. The 
vesting period is between four months and 2.3 years. If the options remain unexercised after a period of ten years from 
the date of grant the options expire. Options are forfeited if the director leaves the Company before the options vest. 

Details of the share options issued during the year and outstanding at the year end are as follows: 

Outstanding at 1 October  
Granted during the year 
Outstanding at 30 September 
Exercisable at 30 September  

2018 

2018 

2017 

2017 

Weighted average 
exercise price  
Pence 
- 
5.25 
5.25 
- 

number 
- 
5,142,855 
5,142,855 
- 

number 

- 
- 
- 
- 

Weighted average 
exercise price  
Pence 
- 
- 
- 
- 

Details of the options held by each Director are given in the Directors’ Report on page 6. 

____ 
34 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the financial statements 
for the financial year ended 30 September 2018 

The inputs into the Black-Scholes model for calculating the estimated fair value of options granted, at their grant date, 
were as follows: 

Share price (pence) 
Exercise price (pence) 
Expected volatility 
Risk-free rate 
Expected period before exercise (years) 

2018 
5.25 
5.25 
98.8% 
0.82% 
3 

Expected volatility was determined by calculating the historical volatility of the Company’s share price.  The expected life 
used  in  the  model  has  been  adjusted,  based  on  management’s  best  estimate,  for  the  effects  of  non-transferability, 
exercise restrictions and behavioural considerations. 

The fair  value of each option granted during the year was estimated at 3.2 pence at the date of grant.  The weighted 
average unexpired life of the options at 30 September 2018 was 9.83 years. 

The charge recognised in profit or loss for 2018 was £37,000 (2017: nil). 

19.  Financial instruments 

The Group’s financial instruments, other than its investments, comprise cash and items arising directly from its operation 
such as other receivables, and trade payables. 

Management review the Group’s exposure to currency risk, interest rate risk, liquidity risk and credit risk on a regular 
basis and consider that through this review they manage the exposure of the Group.  No formal policies have been put 
in place in order to hedge the Group’s activities to the exposure to currency risk or interest risk, however, this is constantly 
under review. 

There  is  no  material  difference  between  the  book  value  and  fair  value  of  the  Group  and  Company’s  cash  and  other 
financial assets. 

Currency risk 

The Group has overseas subsidiaries which operate in the United States  and include expenses denominated in US$.  
Foreign exchange risk is inherent in the Group’s activities and is accepted as such.  Some of the Group’s expenses are 
denominated in US Dollars.    The effect of a 10% strengthening or weakening of the US dollar against sterling  at the 
reporting date on the dollar denominated balances would, all other variables held constant, would result in a gain or loss 
of approximately £20,000 (2017: no significant gain or loss). 

Interest rate risk 

The Group and Company manage the interest rate risk associated with the Group cash assets by ensuring that interest 
rates are as favourable as possible, whether this is through investment in floating or fixed interest rate deposits, whilst 
managing the access the Group requires to the funds for working capital purposes. 

The Company’s cash and cash equivalents are subject to interest rate exposure due to changes in interest rates.  Short-
term receivables and payables are not exposed to interest rate risk. 

The Company received some short term loan finance during the year, with interest fixed at 8% per annum. These loans 
were repaid shortly after the year end, so there is no significant exposure to interest rate risk in respect of these loans.  

A 1% increase or decrease in the floating rate attributable to the cash balances held at the year end would not result in 
a significant difference on interest receivable. 

Liquidity risk 

At the year end the Group and Company had cash balances comprising the following: 

Bank balances 

British Pounds 

US Dollars 

Total 

Group 

2018 
£’000 

134 

128 

262 

Group 

2017 
£’000 

121 

7 

128 

____ 
35 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the financial statements 
for the financial year ended 30 September 2018 

All financial liabilities of the group mature in less than 12 months: details of the analysis of such liabilities is given in  Note 
13. 

Liquidity risk arises from the Group management of working capital. It is the risk that the Group will encounter difficu lty 
in meeting its financial obligations as they fall due.  Refer to Note 1.1 for details of going concern. 

The Group policy is to ensure that it will always have sufficient cash to allow it to meet its liabilities when they become 
due.  To achieve this aim, it seeks to maintain cash balances (or agreed facilities) to meet expected requirements for a 
period of at least 90 days. 

Credit Risk 

Credit risk is the risk of financial loss to the Group if a customer or a counter party to a financial instrument fa ils to meet 
its contractual obligations.  The Group is principally exposed to credit risk on cash and cash equivalents with banks and 
financial institutions.  For banks and financial institutions, only independently rated parties with an acceptable rating  are 
utilised. 

Capital management policies 

In managing its capital, the Group’s primary objective is to maintain a sufficient funding base to enable the Group to meet 
its working capital and strategic investment needs.  In making decisions to adjust its capital structure to achieve these 
aims,  through  new  share  issues  or  debt,  the  Group  considers  not  only  its  short-term  position  but  also  its  long-term 
operational and strategic objectives. 

20.  Changes in liabilities arising from financing activities 

The table below details changes in the Group’s liabilities arising from financing activities, including both cash and non -
cash changes. Liabilities arising from financing activities are those for which cash flows were, or future  cash flows will 
be, classified in the cash flow statement as cash flows from financing activities: 

Group 2018 

Loans from related parties (Note 21) 

Total 

Group 2017 
Loans from related parties (Note 21) 

Total 

1 October 

Financing cash flows 

30 September 

£’000 

- 

- 

£’000 

- 

- 

£’000 

250 

250 

£’000 

- 

- 

£’000 

250 

250 

£’000 

- 

- 

Interest accrued of £12,000 (2017: £Nil) which was paid in the year. 

21.  Related party disclosures 

The Directors are Key Management and information in respect of key management is given in Note 6.    

Transactions between the Group and its subsidiaries and related parties during the year are summarised below: 

Inter-group receivable outstanding at year end 

Loans to subsidiary undertakings are on demand, interest-free and unsecured. 

2018 
£’000 
1,209 

2017 
£’000 
178 

The Company charged its subsidiary entities £92,000 for the provision of management services during the year.  

Mr Chris Brown, who is directly and indirectly beneficially interested in, in aggregate,  8.98% of the issued share capital 
of  the  Company,  and  was  a  former  director  of  the  Company,  provided  unsecured  loans  of,  in  aggregate,  £250,000, 
applied to general working capital purposes.  The loans incurred interest of 8% per annum, payable monthly in arrears.  
The loans have been repaid since the year end by £150,000 in cash and £100,000 by conversion into 5,000,000 ordinary 
shares at 2p per share . 

____ 
36 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the financial statements 
for the financial year ended 30 September 2018 

22.  Ultimate controlling party 

As at 30 September 2018 and 30 September 2017 there is no ultimate controlling party 

23.  Subsequent events 

(i) 

(ii) 

(iii) 

(iv) 

(v) 

As  disclosed  in  Note  10,  in  October  2018,  TomCo  disposed  of  its  entre  interest  in  Red  Leaf  for 
US$133,333; 

On 30 October 2018, the Company raised £100,000 through the subscription of 1,176,471 shares at 
a price of 8.5p per share 

On 14 December 2018, the Company placed a further 27,500,000 shares at a price of 2p per share, 
raising £550,000 before expenses, and a further placing of 21.8 million shares at a price of 2.75p per 
share was announced on 20 March 2019; 

As disclosed in Note 21, loans of £250,000 from Chris Brown were settled after in January 2019 by 
the payment of £150,000 and the issue of 5.0 million new ordinary shares; and 

The Oil Mining Company Inc has been assigned a further seven oil leases comprising 12,569 acres. 
They are estimated to contain over 1.2 billion barrels of potential oil (as measured by the United States 
Geological Society) based on the projected thickness of the known oil shale zones. 

____ 
37 

 
 
 
 
ONLINE  

www.tomcoenergy.com 
info@tomcoenergy.com 

TELEPHONE 
+44 20 3823 3635 

ADDRESS 

TomCo Energy plc 
60 Circular Road 
Douglas 
Isle of Man  IM1 1SA