Tourmaline Oil
Annual Report 2023

Plain-text annual report

Tlou Energy Limited ABN 79 136 739 967 Annual Report and Consolidated Financial Statements for the year ended 30 June 2023 Tlou Energy Limited – Annual Report 2023 Corporate Directory ABN Directors 79 136 739 967 Martin McIver Anthony Gilby Gabaake Gabaake Colm Cloonan Hugh Swire Company Secretary Solomon Rowland Administration & Registered Office Telephone: Solicitors Auditors Bankers Share register 210 Alice Street Brisbane QLD 4000 Australia +61 7 3040 9084 HWL Ebsworth Level 19 480 Queen Street Brisbane QLD 4000 BDO Audit Pty Ltd Level 10 12 Creek Street Brisbane QLD 4000 Westpac Banking Corporation GPO Box 3433 Sydney NSW 2001 Australian Securities Exchange Ltd (ASX Code: TOU) AIM Stock Exchange UK (AIM Code: TLOU) Botswana Stock Exchange (BSE Code: TLOU) 2 Tlou Energy Limited – Annual Report 2023 Contents Chairman’s letter ............................................................................................................................. 4 Managing Director's Report ............................................................................................................. 5 Directors' report ............................................................................................................................... 6 2023 Annual Reserves Statement ................................................................................................. 21 Auditor’s independence declaration ............................................................................................... 24 Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income ...................................................................... 25 Consolidated Statement of Financial Position ................................................................................ 26 Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity ............................................................................... 27 Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows ......................................................................................... 28 Notes to the financial statements ................................................................................................... 29 Directors' declaration ..................................................................................................................... 59 Independent Auditor’s Report ........................................................................................................ 60 Corporate Governance Statement ................................................................................................. 64 Additional Information .................................................................................................................... 77 3 Tlou Energy Limited – Annual Report 2023 Chairman’s letter Dear Shareholders, We continue to make excellent progress towards establishing ourselves as a key power player in Botswana and Southern Africa through the exploration and evaluation of our gas to power project. During the year Tlou progressed the construction of transmission lines to connect the Lesedi project to the grid, acquired a 4,000-hectare farm for the central processing facility, contracted the construction of the Lesedi substations, and the next phase of the production drilling commenced. One of the final stages in the evaluation of the Lesedi project is commencement of the 10MW gas to electricity operation. To connect this project to the Botswana power grid, Tlou engaged Zismo Engineering Pty Ltd to construct a 100 km transmission line from the Lesedi project to Serowe. Construction of the 66kV transmission line is over 90% complete and is expected to be fully completed in the coming months. Tlou has also engaged South African based Optipower, a division of Murray & Roberts Ltd to undertake the construction of associated substations as part of the grid connection. Tlou has acquired a 4,000-hectare property within the Lesedi project area. The property will be the location of the power generation assets, central processing facility, mechanical workshops, stores, casing and core yards, medical centre including helipad, and accommodation units. Production drilling recommenced with the completion of the Lesedi 6 production pod and the drilling of new lateral sections of the Lesedi 4 pod. Lesedi 6 is the first of a series of new pods, funds permitting, that the Company will drill to supply gas for the initial 10MW project. While Lesedi 4 has produced gas for several years, redrilling of the laterals is aimed at providing straighter lateral sections to improve dewatering and gas flow. Tlou’s current 2P gas reserves stand at approximately 41 billion cubic feet (~7.2m BOE). The Company’s Mamba and Boomslang project areas are located adjacent to the Lesedi project. Tlou will continue to evaluate these projects and successful results could allow the Company to progress these areas separately to Lesedi, with the potential for gas-fired power. We are privileged to have the continued support of the government of Botswana and the inclusion of coal bed methane (CBM) as part of the country’s forward plan to combat power deficiency. During the 12-month period ending 30 June 2023, the Company successfully raised approximately AUD 14.8 million in equity and AUD 2.0 million loan funding to support ongoing project development. The Company’s major shareholder ILC Investments Pty Ltd (ILC) now holds 34.86% of the Company’s ordinary shares. This has been a highly active year for Tlou. We look forward to another successful year ahead. I would like to take this opportunity to thank the Tlou Board, management, field staff and advisers, and most importantly our shareholders for their continued support during this exciting time for Tlou. Yours faithfully, Martin McIver Chairman 4 Tlou Energy Limited – Annual Report 2023 Managing Director's Report Dear Shareholders, This year has been one characterised by significant activity in the field with our primary focus being the advancement of the Lesedi project. We have recently completed drilling of additional gas production wells, with the Lesedi 4 and Lesedi 6 pods now dewatering ahead of expected gas flow. Additional drilling is planned at the Lesedi project as well as in our exploration tenements subject to available funding as we ready ourselves to generate first electricity as part of the final evaluation stage for the Lesedi project. Tlou plans to have the Lesedi gas to power project producing electricity in 2024 and remains driven to ensuring the objective is met. Southern Africa continues to operate under a severe energy deficit. This has the potential to impose significant constraint on economic activities, provision of public services, and quality of life, as well as on adoption of new technologies in various sectors such as education, agriculture, and finance. Tlou Energy aims to be part of the solution to solve the regional energy deficit beginning with integrating gas fired power into the grid in Botswana. With gas expected to be a vital part of the regional power mix in the coming years Tlou Energy is well positioned to become a significant power supplier. We continue to monitor projects risks and opportunities and work towards creating value for all stakeholders. Yours faithfully, Anthony (Tony) Gilby Managing Director 5 Tlou Energy Limited – Annual Report 2023 Directors' report The Directors present their report, together with the financial statements, on the consolidated entity (referred to hereafter as the 'consolidated entity' or the ‘Group’) consisting of Tlou Energy Limited (referred to hereafter as the 'Company' or 'parent entity') and the entities it controlled at 30 June 2023. General Information Directors The following persons were directors of Tlou Energy Limited during the whole of the financial year and up to the date of this report, unless otherwise stated: Martin McIver Anthony Gilby Non-Executive Chairman Managing Director & Chief Executive Officer Gabaake Gabaake Executive Director Colm Cloonan Hugh Swire Finance Director Non-Executive Director Dividends There were no dividends recommended or paid during the financial year. Principal activities The principal activity of the consolidated entity is to explore, evaluate and develop power solutions in Sub-Saharan Africa through Coalbed Methane (CBM) gas-fired power. No revenue from these activities has been earned to date, as the consolidated entity is still in the exploration and evaluation or pre-development stage. Significant changes in the state of affairs There were no other significant changes to the state of affairs of the consolidated entity other than those disclosed in the financial report and notes thereof. Review and results of operations The loss for the year after interest amounted to $4,241,208 (30 June 2022: $4,329,116). As a pre-revenue entity a loss for the year is expected and is in line with expectations. The key focus for the Company continues to be the Lesedi project area and specifically the work in relation to the planned 10MW gas-to-power project. Payments for exploration and evaluation assets amounted to $11,886,628 over the year which included $5,802,386 on construction of transmission lines and substations that will connect the Lesedi project to the electricity grid in Botswana. Payment to suppliers and employees over the year was $3,164,020. Significant project funding was also acquired during the year, totalling $14,853,721 in equity and $2,000,000 by way of a loan. Most of these funds were received from ILC Investment Pty Ltd who is now the Company’s largest shareholder at 34.86%. Gas to Power Project The Lesedi power project (“Lesedi”) is Tlou’s most advanced project. The first electricity to be generated at Lesedi is planned to go towards satisfying a 10MW Power Purchase Agreement (PPA) that has been signed with Botswana Power Corporation (BPC), the national power utility in Botswana. The Lesedi project currently has several components underway as part of the final evaluation stage including the construction of transmission lines, substations, a field operations facility and generation site as well as production well drilling. Transmission Line and Substations Lesedi is approximately 100km from the nearest BPC substation connection in Serowe. To connect to the national grid, the Company is undertaking the construction and installation of a 100km 66kV transmission line. This, together with the ongoing drilling program should enable the Company to connect and provide electricity into Botswana’s power network. The construction of the 66kV transmission line continued throughout the year and is over 90% complete. Key items outstanding include a road crossing and further stringing of the line. Transmission line work is on track to be completed later this year and in advance of planned first power into the grid. 6 Tlou Energy Limited – Annual Report 2023 Substations are required at either end of the transmission line, one to tie Tlou’s generators to the transmission line at Lesedi and another to integrate the line with the existing BPC substation at Serowe. The planned substation at Lesedi is currently designed for an initial 5MW of power. The Company is now assessing options that may allow the current substation design to be adapted to facilitate expansion beyond 10MW. Based on the current timetable the substations are expected to be completed around Q2 2024. Drilling Operations Coalbed Methane (CBM) gas is the feedstock for power generation at Lesedi. The planned gas production wells to be used are referred to as Dual Lateral Pods that consist of three wells in total, one vertical production well intersected by two lateral wells drilled horizontally through the target reservoir section for several hundred metres. The Company recently drilled a new pod (Lesedi 6) and also redrilled the lateral sections of an existing pod, Lesedi 4. The aim of redrilling the Lesedi 4 lateral wells is to provide straighter lateral sections compared to the original lateral wells. The Lesedi 4 pod has flowed gas for a number of years and these straighter laterals are expected to assist with removing water from the reservoir to more efficiently dewater and flow gas. Both Lesedi 4 and Lesedi 6 pods were flushed to clear the wells and now have production equipment installed for dewatering ahead of gas production. In addition to requiring sufficient gas form Lesedi 4 and Lesedi 6, the Company will need to drill further wells that can supply sufficient gas for the planned 10MW project. Exploration and Evaluation As well as the Lesedi project area, the Company also holds six other prospecting licences (PL) at varying stages of exploration and evaluation. These include the Mamba project which consists of five PL’s covering an area of approximately 4,500 Km2 and the Boomslang licence (approx. 1,000 Km2). The Mamba and Boomslang licences are situated adjacent to Lesedi and could provide the Company with flexibility and optionality subject to results. Matters subsequent to the end of the financial year There has not been any matter or circumstance, other than that referred to in this report and disclosed in the financial statements or notes thereto, that has arisen since the end of the period, that has significantly affected, or may significantly affect, the operations of the consolidated entity, the results of these operations, or the state of affairs of the consolidated entity in future financial years. Likely developments, risks and expected results of operations The Company is drilling wells in the Lesedi project area to produce CBM gas. These wells are designed to achieve sufficient gas flow rates for the Company’s initial project development. The gas flow rates from these wells are vitally important to assess the viability and commerciality of the Lesedi project. However, at the date of this report the level of gas that may be produced from the project and if gas production rates will be at commercial rates is not yet known. Further wells will also be required to produce sufficient gas for the planned Lesedi project. The Company is evaluating additional projects including solar power and possibly hydrogen production, carbon black/graphite production and crypto currencies in addition to the gas-fired power project. These projects may be subject to regulatory approvals. No guarantee can be given in relation to the results of the Company’s operations, gas flow rates, regulatory approvals being granted or the ability to secure the funds required to progress all or any of the Company’s existing or planned operations. The Company is subject to risks which may have a material adverse effect on operating and financial performance. Tlou’s Risk Management Policy can be found on the Company’s website. It is not possible to identify every risk that could affect the business or shareholders. Any actions taken to mitigate these risks cannot provide complete assurance that a risk will not materialise or have a material adverse effect on the business, strategies, assets or performance of the Company. A list of risks currently considered material and mitigation strategies are set out below. This is not an exhaustive list and risks are outlined in no particular order. 7 Risk Funding Description Mitigation Tlou Energy Limited – Annual Report 2023 The Company will need to raise additional debt and/or equity funds to support its ongoing operations or implement its planned activities and strategies. This includes but is not limited to funding to complete the infrastructure necessary to connect to the power grid and generate electricity at the Lesedi project and funds to facilitate drilling of additional gas wells to deliver sufficient gas for development of the proposed 10MW power project. There can be no assurance that such funding will be available when required or on satisfactory terms or at all. Inability to find sufficient funds may result in the delay or abandonment of certain activities which would likely have an adverse effect on the Company’s progress. The Company has operated in Botswana for over a decade with extensive local and international relationships with investors who have supported the Company. The Company actively manages its capital requirements and maintains close relationships with potential investors. The Company continues to explore sources of both equity and debt capital. Health and Safety The project operations are in a remote location, in a sometimes-harsh environment and involves the use of heavy machinery and equipment. Freedom to Operate The Company has licences to operate over 8,000 square km and has had continued access to key licence areas when required. Negative sentiment towards the project or industry may impair Tlou's freedom to operate. Changes to key Government personnel and/or national policy could also impact ability to operate effectively. Environment Botswana’s natural habitat, water and wildlife needs to be protected. Botswana rigorously enforces its environmental regulations so the risk of fines or other liabilities for noncompliance is commensurately high. The Company employs highly skilled and experienced personnel where possible. The Chief Operations Officer is supported by a dedicated Safety, Health and Environment (SHE) officer and a paramedic is also on duty at all times at the field operations. The Company has a training and safety management system and external audits of the safety management system are conducted. All visitors to site are given a safety briefing. The Company continues to support regular and extensive Government engagement activities to interest and educate lawmakers to the country's natural resource opportunities as well as keep up to date with changing national power strategies and requirements. Tlou supports and interacts with a wide network of local stakeholders including farmers and landowners to try and ensure that the needs of the community are being met and that the project can provide benefits for all stakeholders including providing long term and sustainable employment opportunities. Tlou has full environmental approval in place for development of the gas-to-power project. The Company aims to not just meet environmental requirements but exceed them. The Company uses local specialists to support its ongoing permit renewals, environmental assessments and licence applications. Continual monitoring of actual and potential impacts on the environment is practiced to try and ensure that any impact on the natural habitat is eliminated or minimised. 8 Climate Climate change initiatives could have an impact on Tlou’s operations in the future. Climate initiatives could have a material impact on fossil fuel projects such as Tlou’s Lesedi gas-to power project. Power Sales The Company has signed a 10MW Power Purchase Agreement (PPA) with Botswana Power Corporation (BPC) with the aim for first power to be supplied into the national grid in 2024. There is a risk that the grid connection infrastructure could be delayed thereby postponing first power sales. No other agreements are currently in place for sale of power or gas to other parties. Geological Risk The Company has over 8,000 square km of licence areas part of which has not had significant CBM operations to date. There remains significant geological risk in these areas and subject to operational results these areas may not be commercial. Remote Operations The Company operates over 100km from established medical and engineering support facilities in the closest urban area which increases costs and risks as well as requiring adequate insurance. People The Company may lose key executives and management. The Company operates in a competitive environment in relation to talented corporate and technical personnel. Tlou Energy Limited – Annual Report 2023 Tlou’s Lesedi gas-to-power project aims to be part of a power market in sub-Saharan Africa that will move away from carbon intensive coal and diesel fired power generation. While also a fossil fuel, gas is viewed as a transitional fuel that can assist with providing base load power until such time that sustainable and/or renewable power sources can provide reliable 24-hour base load power. The Company is aware that it may need to adapt its process to meet future climate needs and will continue to assess new information as it becomes available. The Company works closely with its contractors and engineers to progress infrastructure projects in a timely manner. Management continues to explore opportunities with other potential customers across the region, potentially via the Southern African Power Pool or within Botswana. The Company also aims to diversify its products including potentially producing solar power, hydrogen, carbon black/graphite and crypto currencies. Tlou has invested in seismic surveys and core hole drilling to identify areas of lower risk prior to conducting further exploration and evaluation. This strategy is planned for undeveloped areas of the project. After a decade of operating in the region and supported by external resource certifications, the operations team have and continue to develop an excellent knowledge of the geological area to help de-risk future exploration and evaluation operations. The Company has on-site paramedic support and has invested in its own stock of equipment so that it can operate as autonomously as possible over a greater range of activities. A purpose-built field operations camp is under construction which will be suitable for full development of the initial 10MW project and for further expansion. The Company continues to search for skilled staff to grow the team to satisfy the Company’s needs and ideally to have a lead person and back-up support person for all key positions. In addition, implementation of appropriate staff training and succession plans is a key target. The Company offers incentives and development opportunities for key executives and management to attract the best talent to the Company. Environmental regulation The Directors are satisfied that adequate systems are in place for the management of its environmental responsibilities and compliance with its various licence requirements and regulations. The Directors are not aware of any breaches of these requirements and to the best of their knowledge, all activities have been undertaken in compliance with environmental regulations. 9 Tlou Energy Limited – Annual Report 2023 Information on Directors Martin McIver Special Responsibilities MBA Interest in Shares and options Non-Executive Chairman Member of the Audit Committee Member of the Risk Committee Chairman of the Nomination & Remuneration Committee 1,097,816 Ordinary Shares 750,000 Performance Rights Experience Martin holds an MBA (International) from the American Graduate School of International Management, a Graduate Diploma in Applied Finance and Valuations (FINSIA/Kaplan) and a Bachelor of Business (Marketing) from the Queensland University of Technology. Martin has over 15 years’ experience as General Manager for mining services companies including bulk and dangerous goods logistics, and drilling services. Martin was the Executive General Manager of the Mitchell Group, a vertically integrated coal and coal seam gas company with investments and operations across Australia, Asia and Africa. Prior to joining the Mitchell Group, Martin was a Director in Mergers and Acquisitions with PricewaterhouseCoopers. Martin was appointed Non-Executive Director in September 2010 and is currently the Chief Financial Officer of PWR Holdings Limited (ASX:PWH). During the past three years Martin has not served as a director of any other ASX listed companies. Anthony Gilby Special Responsibilities B.Sc. (First Class Honours) Interest in Shares and options Managing Director and Chief Executive Officer Member of the Audit Committee Member of the Nomination & Remuneration Committee 50,000,000 Ordinary Shares 750,000 Performance Rights Experience Tony was appointed Managing Director and Chief Executive Officer in March 2012 and has over 30 years’ experience in the oil and gas industry. He is a founding director of Tlou Energy Limited. Tony was awarded a Bachelor of Science (First Class Honours) degree in Geology from the University of Adelaide in 1984, and also won the University Medal in Geology (Tate Memorial Medal). Tony began his career working as a well- site geologist for Delhi Petroleum in the Cooper Basin. He subsequently joined ESSO Australia. His roles with ESSO included exploration geology, geophysics, petrophysics and a period of time working in the Exxon Production Research Centre in Houston studying the seismic application of sequence stratigraphy. On his return to Australia, he continued to work with ESSO in a New Ventures capacity working on a variety of projects prior to relocating to Brisbane where he worked for MIM Petroleum and the Louisiana Land and Exploration Company (LL&E). In 1996, he left LL&E to take on a consulting role as well as the acquisition of prospective Queensland acreage in a private capacity. This work culminated with the founding of Sunshine Gas Limited where he remained Managing Director until its sale in late 2008. He is a former Non-Executive director of ASX listed Comet Ridge Limited. 10 Tlou Energy Limited – Annual Report 2023 Gabaake Gabaake M.Sc. Special Responsibilities Interest in Shares and options Executive Director Member of the Risk Committee Member of the Nomination & Remuneration Committee 385,999 Ordinary Shares 2,750,000 Performance Rights Experience Gabaake graduated with a Bachelor of Science degree in Geology from the University of Botswana in 1986 followed by a Masters degree in groundwater hydrology from the University College of London in 1989. Gabaake is a Botswana citizen based in Gaborone. He is a former Botswana Government senior public servant having worked as Permanent Secretary at the Ministry of Minerals, Energy and Water Resources. Prior to that, he served at the Ministry of Local Government. Gabaake has served on various private company boards including De Beers Group, Debswana Diamond Company (Pty) Limited and Diamond Trading Company Botswana. During the past three years, Gabaake has not served as a director of any other ASX listed companies. Colm Cloonan Special Responsibilities FCCA Interest in Shares and options Finance Director Member of the Audit Committee Member of the Nomination & Remuneration Committee 4,581,387 Ordinary Shares 4,750,000 Performance Rights Experience Colm is a Fellow of the Association of Chartered Certified Accountants (FCCA) with 20 years’ experience in various finance roles. Colm joined Tlou in 2009 at the early stages of the Company’s activities and has been with the Company through all phases of its operations and development to date. Colm has worked in Europe and Australia in a range of finance roles including audit and business services, as well as providing financial and management accounting services to clients in various industries including power generation in Australia. Colm studied accountancy at the Galway-Mayo Institute of Technology in Ireland. During the past three years Colm has not served as a director of any other ASX listed companies. 11 Tlou Energy Limited – Annual Report 2023 Hugh Swire Special Responsibilities BA (Hons) Interest in Shares and options Non-Executive Director Chair of the Risk Committee Chair of the Audit Committee Member of the Nomination & Remuneration Committee 12,065,921 Ordinary Shares 500,000 Performance Rights Experience Hugh started his career working with Mahon China, an established investment management and advisory partnership based in Beijing. Active in China since 1985, Mahon China have over 3 decades of experience advising foreign companies with investments and corporate activities in China. Hugh has remained a Partner of the firm and now supports UK / EU companies from London looking to expand and find partners in China or increasingly support Chinese companies looking to make investments internationally. After leaving Mahon China, Hugh spent a decade working for Investment funds and international banks in Hong Kong and Tokyo where he worked for Nomura as well as in London for JP Morgan where he was Vice President. Since 2010, Hugh has been focused on supporting fast growing UK companies in the low carbon and technology sectors by investing growth capital in Water Powered Technologies Ltd, a leading innovator in zero energy water management systems as well as MWF Ltd, one of the largest suppliers of renewable heat in the UK, which has since been sold to Aggregated Micro Power Holdings plc. Hugh also helped found a leading technology education company Black Country Atelier Ltd, which provides specialist training courses to students globally in 3D printing (CAM) digital electronics and CAD. Hugh still travels to China after studying Chinese at Oxford University graduating with a BA Hons. During the past three years Hugh has not served as a director of any other ASX listed companies. Company secretary Mr Solomon Rowland was appointed Company Secretary on 19 August 2015 and continues in office at the date of this report. Mr Rowland is a commercial lawyer with over 20 years’ experience in various private, government and in- house legal roles. Solomon holds a Juris Doctor from the University of Queensland. Prior to joining Tlou Energy Limited as Legal Counsel in February 2013, Solomon worked for Crown Law representing various Queensland government departments in a range of legal matters. During his time in government, Solomon was involved in advising government departments on commercial, corporate governance and policy matters as well as representing the state in various courts, tribunals, and commissions of inquiry. Solomon brings many years of experience in commercial, advocacy, administrative and planning and environment law. Meetings of directors The number of meetings of the consolidated entity's Board of Directors and committees held during the year ended 30 June 2023, and the number of meetings attended by each Director are listed below. The Nomination & Remuneration committee comprises the full board. M McIver A Gilby G Gabaake C Cloonan H Swire Board / Nomination & Remuneration Committee Attended 7 8 6 8 8 Held 8 8 8 8 8 Audit Committee Risk Committee Attended 1 2 - 2 2 Held 2 2 - 2 2 Attended 4 - 4 - 4 Held 4 - 4 - 4 Held: represents the number of meetings held during the time the director held office or was a member of the relevant committee. 12 Tlou Energy Limited – Annual Report 2023 Remuneration Report - audited This report outlines the remuneration arrangements in place for the key management personnel of the consolidated entity. Remuneration policy Ensuring that the level of Director and Executive remuneration is sufficient and reasonable is dealt with by the full Board. The Remuneration Policy of Tlou Energy Limited has been designed to align the objectives of key management personnel with shareholder and business objectives. The Board of Tlou Energy Limited believes the remuneration policy to be appropriate and effective in its ability to attract and retain the best key management personnel to run and manage the consolidated entity, as well as create shared goals between key management personnel and shareholders. The Board's policy for determining the nature and amount of remuneration for the executive Directors and senior executives of the consolidated entity is as follows: • • • • The remuneration policy is developed by the Board after seeking, if appropriate, professional advice from independent external consultants. Executives employed by the consolidated entity receive a base salary (which is based on factors such as length of service and experience), inclusive of superannuation, fringe benefits, options, and performance incentives where appropriate. If performance incentives are put in place these will generally only be paid once predetermined key performance indicators have been met. Executives engaged through professional service entities are paid fees based on an agreed market based hourly rate for the services provided and may also be entitled to options and performance-based incentives. Incentives paid in the form of options or performance rights are intended to align the interests of management, the Directors and Company with those of the shareholders. In this regard, executives are prohibited from limiting risk attached to those instruments by use of derivatives or other means. The Board reviews executive remuneration arrangements annually by reference to the consolidated entity’s performance, executive performance and comparable information from industry sectors. Key management personnel including Non-executive Directors located in Australia and employed executives receive the superannuation guarantee contribution required by the Commonwealth Government, which is currently 11% and do not receive any other retirement benefits. Individuals, however, can chose to sacrifice part of their salary to increase payments towards superannuation. Non-Executive Director Remuneration The Board's policy is to remunerate Non-Executive Directors for time, commitment, and responsibilities. The Board determines payments to the Non-Executive Directors and reviews their remuneration annually, based on market practice, duties, and accountability. Independent external advice is sought when required. The maximum aggregate amount of fees that can be paid to Non-Executive Directors is $500,000 per year. This was approved by shareholders at a general meeting held on 10 July 2012. Fees for Non-Executive Directors are not linked to the performance of the consolidated entity, however, to align Directors interests with shareholder interests, where possible the Directors are encouraged to hold shares in the Company. There is no minimum holding prescribed in the Constitution. Performance conditions linked to remuneration The Board provides advice on remuneration and incentive policies and practices and specific recommendations on remuneration packages and other terms of employment for executive Directors, other senior executives, and Non- Executive Directors. The aim is to ensure that reward for performance is competitive and appropriate for the results delivered. Remuneration and the terms and conditions of employment for executive Directors and Company executives are reviewed annually having regard to performance and relative comparative information and are approved by the Board following independent professional advice, as required. In this respect, consideration is given to normal commercial rates of remuneration for similar levels of responsibility. 13 Tlou Energy Limited – Annual Report 2023 Key management personnel during the financial year ended 30 June 2023 Directors Martin McIver Anthony Gilby Gabaake Gabaake Colm Cloonan Hugh Swire Executives Solomon Rowland Non-Executive Chairman Managing Director and Chief Executive Officer Executive Director Finance Director Non-Executive Director Company Secretary There were no other key management personnel of the consolidated entity during the financial year ended 30 June 2023. Details of remuneration Details of remuneration of each of the Directors and executives of the consolidated entity during the financial year are set out in the table below. Benefits and Payments for the year ended 30 June 2023 Short-term benefits Salary & Fees Cash Bonus Post Employment benefits Superannuation Long term benefits Share based payments Leave Benefits Total Cash Remuneration Performance Rights Equity Compensation Total $ $ $ $ $ $ Directors M McIver A Gilby 60,000 323,318 G Gabaake 127,547 C Cloonan 236,356 H Swire Total Directors 67,448 814,669 Executives S Rowland Total Executives Total 176,963 176,963 991,632 - - - - - - - - - 6,300 13,087 13,392 24,817 - 57,596 18,581 18,581 76,177 - - - - - - - - - 66,300 336,405 140,939 261,173 67,448 872,265 - - 25,456 50,913 - 76,369 0.0% 0.0% 15.3% 16.3% 0.0% 195,544 195,544 0.0% - - 1,067,809 76,369 $ 66,300 336,405 166,395 312,086 67,448 948,634 195,544 195,544 1,144,178 During the 2023 year, no proportion of the remuneration of any key management personnel was performance based. No key management personnel received cash bonuses, performance related bonuses, termination benefits or non- cash benefits during the year. The share-based payments amount included in the table above relate to performance rights granted in the 2022. These amounts were not paid to staff. The figures represent an accounting valuation attributed to the performance rights. This valuation has been spread across 2022 and 2023. 14 Tlou Energy Limited – Annual Report 2023 Benefits and Payments for the year ended 30 June 2022 Short-term benefits Salary & Fees Cash Bonus Post Employment benefits Superannuation Long term benefits Share based payments Leave Benefits Total Cash Remuneration Performance Rights Equity Compensation Total $ $ $ $ $ $ Directors M McIver A Gilby 44,000 152,365 G Gabaake 106,210 C Cloonan 119,367 H Swire Total Directors 44,000 465,942 Executives S Rowland Total Executives Total 160,254 160,254 626,196 - - - - - - - - - 4,400 6,545 10,621 34,256 - 55,822 16,025 16,025 71,847 - - - - - - - - - 48,400 158,910 116,831 153,623 44,000 521,764 - - 77,400 154,800 - 232,200 0.0% 0.0% 39.8% 50.2% 0.0% 176,279 176,279 0.0% - - 698,043 232,200 $ 48,400 158,910 194,231 308,423 44,000 753,964 176,279 176,279 930,243 During the 2022-year, performance rights were issued to key management personnel as outlined in the 2022 annual report under the heading Performance Rights. No key management personnel received other performance related bonuses, cash bonuses, termination benefits or non-cash benefits during the year. Service agreements The following outlines the remuneration and other terms of employment for the following personnel during the reporting period which are formalised in employment contracts for services. Anthony Gilby Term of Agreement: Base Fee: Termination Benefit: Termination Notice: Solomon Rowland Term of Agreement: Base Fee: Termination Benefit: Termination Notice: Managing Director and Chief Executive Officer Mr Gilby's services are provided in a personal capacity. The agreement has no fixed term. Mr Gilby has waived 50% of his contracted rate up to the end of the reporting period. The amount waived will not be payable by the Company at a future date. The annual cost to the Company excluding share-based payments (if any), after taking account of the 50% deduction, adjustments for industry standards and CPI was approximately $336,000. No termination benefit is payable if terminated for cause. The Company may give Mr Gilby three months’ notice or pay 1.5 times his contracted salary in lieu of notice to terminate the Agreement. Company Secretary Mr Rowland’s services are provided in a personal capacity. The agreement has no fixed term. Mr Rowland has agreed to waive up to 25% of his current contracted rate up to the end of the reporting period. The amount waived will not be payable by the Company at a future date. The annual cost to the Company excluding share-based payments (if any), after taking account of the 25% deduction, adjustments for industry standards and CPI was approximately $196,000. No termination benefit is payable if terminated for cause. The Company may give the Company Secretary six months’ notice of its intention to terminate the Agreement. 15 Tlou Energy Limited – Annual Report 2023 Service agreements (continued) Gabaake Gabaake Term of Agreement: Base Fee: Termination Benefit: Termination Notice: Colm Cloonan Term of Agreement: Base Fee: Termination Benefit: Termination Notice: Executive Director Mr Gabaake’s services are provided in a personal capacity. The agreement has no fixed term. The annual cost to the Company excluding share-based payments (if any), adjustments for industry standards and CPI was approximately $141,000. No termination benefit is payable if terminated for cause. The Company may give the Executive Director six months’ notice of its intention to terminate the Agreement. Finance Director Mr Cloonan's services are provided in a personal capacity. The agreement has no fixed term. The annual cost to the Company excluding share-based payments (if any), adjustments for industry standards and CPI was approximately $261,000. No termination benefit is payable if terminated for cause. The Company may give the Finance Director six months’ notice of its intention to terminate the Agreement. Key management personnel shareholdings The number of ordinary shares in Tlou Energy Limited held by each key management person of the consolidated entity during the financial year is set out below. These figures do not include any shares issued post year end. 30 June 2023 M McIver A Gilby G Gabaake C Cloonan H Swire S Rowland Balance at beginning of year Granted as remuneration during the year Additions Disposals Balance at date of resignation / appointment Balance at end of year 812,102 34,489,580 385,999 1,931,112 10,065,921 475,000 48,159,714 - - - - - - - 285,714 15,510,420 - 2,650,275 2,000,000 571,429 21,017,838 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1,097,816 50,000,000 385,999 4,581,387 12,065,921 1,046,429 69,177,552 Key management personnel Options The number of options in Tlou Energy Limited held by each key management person of the consolidated entity during the financial year is set out below. These figures do not include any options issued post year end. The options in this table are attaching options to shares that were issued. 30 June 2023 Balance at beginning of year Granted as remuneration during the year Additions Expired Balance at date of resignation / appointment Balance at end of year M McIver A Gilby G Gabaake C Cloonan H Swire S Rowland - 6,249,999 27,571 375,000 2,750,415 87,500 9,490,485 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - (6,249,999) (27,571) (375,000) (2,750,415) (87,500) (9,490,485) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 16 Tlou Energy Limited – Annual Report 2023 Performance rights Performance Rights are linked to the share price performance of the Company, ensuring alignment with the interests of the Company's shareholders. For the Performance Rights to vest and, therefore, become exercisable by a participant, certain performance conditions are required to be met as set out below. On vesting, holders of Performance Rights will be entitled to acquire Tlou Energy Limited ordinary shares at nil cost. Performance rights held by key management personnel at 30 June 2023 are as set out below: Tranche Issue Date Opening Balance Issued Exercised Lapsed Balance at Year End Unvested Value M McIver A Gilby G Gabaake C Cloonan H Swire S Rowland Total Tranche (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) (i) (ii) (iii) (i) (ii) (iii) (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) (i) (ii) (i) (ii) (iii) 19-Oct-18 19-Oct-18 31-Jan-17 19-Oct-18 19-Oct-18 31-Jan-17 250,000 250,000 250,000 250,000 250,000 250,000 19-Oct-18 250,000 19-Oct-18 31-Jan-17 15-Dec-21 15-Dec-21 19-Oct-18 19-Oct-18 31-Jan-17 15-Dec-21 15-Dec-21 19-Oct-18 19-Oct-18 19-Oct-18 19-Oct-18 31-Jan-17 250,000 250,000 1,000,000 1,000,000 250,000 250,000 250,000 2,000,000 2,000,000 250,000 250,000 250,000 250,000 250,000 10,250,000 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 250,000 250,000 250,000 - 250,000 250,000 250,000 - 250,000 250,000 250,000 250,000 250,000 250,000 21,575 21,575 34,000 21,575 21,575 34,000 250,000 250,000 21,575 250,000 250,000 1,000,000 1,000,000 - 250,000 250,000 250,000 2,000,000 2,000,000 250,000 250,000 1,000,000 1,000,000 250,000 250,000 250,000 2,000,000 2,000,000 - 21,575 34,000 41,800 35,600 21,575 21,575 34,000 83,600 71,200 250,000 250,000 250,000 250,000 21,575 21,575 - 250,000 250,000 250,000 21,575 21,575 34,000 10,250,000 10,250,000 661,100 250,000 250,000 250,000 Performance conditions and expiry date To vest the share price needs to be AUD $0.165 or greater for a period of 10 consecutive trading days. These performance rights expire on 31/01/2025. To vest the share price needs to be AUD $0.22 or greater for a period of 10 consecutive trading days. These performance rights expire on 31/01/2025. To vest the share price needs to be AUD $0.28 or greater for a period of 10 consecutive trading days. These performance rights expire on 31/01/2024. To vest the share price needs to be AUD $0.10 or greater for a period of 10 consecutive trading days. These performance rights expire on 31/01/2025. To vest the share price needs to be AUD $0.165 or greater for a period of 10 consecutive trading days. These performance rights expire on 31/01/2025. Shares issued on exercise of performance rights Other than as shown in the table above, no other shares were issued on exercise of performance rights up to the date of this report. 17 Tlou Energy Limited – Annual Report 2023 Relationship between remuneration and Company performance The factors that are considered to affect shareholder return during the last five years is summarised below: Share price at end of financial year ($) Market capitalisation at end of financial year ($M) Loss for the financial year ($) Cash spend on exploration programs ($) 2023 0.034 35 (4,241,208) (11,886,628) 2022 0.028 17 (4,329,116) (2,639,000) 2021 0.039 23 (2,054,237) (797,340) 2020 0.040 18 (12,950,601) (1,766,761) 2019 0.12 52 (3,216,695) (6,942,758) Director and Key Management Personnel remuneration ($) 1,144,178 930,243 637,521 1,033,623 1,560,338 Given that the remuneration is commercially reasonable, the link between remuneration, Company performance and shareholder wealth generation is tenuous, particularly in the exploration and development and pre-development stage. Share prices are subject to market sentiment towards the sector and increases or decreases may occur independently of executive performance or remuneration. The Company may issue options or performance rights to provide an incentive for key management personnel which, it is believed, is in line with industry standards and practice and is also believed to align the interests of key management personnel with those of the Company’s shareholders. No remuneration consultants were used in the 2023 financial year. Other transactions with key management personnel and their related parties Payment for goods and services: Office rent paid to The Gilby McKay Alice Street Partnership, a director-related entity of Anthony Gilby. 2023 $ 2022 $ 15,600 12,900 Terms and conditions: Transactions between related parties are on normal commercial terms and conditions no more favourable than those available to other parties unless otherwise stated. There were no amounts payable as at 30 June 2023 (2022: Nil). (End of Remuneration Report) 18 Shares under option There were no unissued ordinary shares of Tlou Energy Limited under option at the date of this report. Tlou Energy Limited – Annual Report 2023 Performance rights Issued performance rights at the date of this report are as follows: Issue Date Hurdle Price 31/01/2017 19/10/2018 19/10/2018 15/12/2021 15/12/2021 1/02/2023 1/02/2023 1/02/2023 $0.28 $0.165 $0.22 $0.10 $0.165 $0.165 $0.22 $0.28 Expiry date 31/01/2024 31/01/2025 31/01/2025 31/01/2025 31/01/2025 31/01/2025 31/01/2025 31/01/2025 Total 2,275,000 2,175,000 2,175,000 3,000,000 3,000,000 2,000,000 2,000,000 2,000,000 18,625,000 Shares issued on the exercise of options and performance rights Other than those disclosed in the tables above there were no ordinary shares of Tlou Energy Limited issued during or since the year ended 30 June 2023 on the exercise of options or performance rights granted or up to the date of this report. Indemnity and insurance of officers The consolidated entity has indemnified the Directors and executives of the consolidated entity for costs incurred, in their capacity as a director or executive, for which they may be held personally liable, except where there is a lack of good faith. During the financial year, the consolidated entity paid a premium in respect of a contract to insure the Directors and executives of the consolidated entity against a liability to the extent permitted by the Corporations Act 2001. The contract of insurance prohibits disclosure of the nature of liability and the amount of the premium. Indemnity and insurance of auditor The company has not, during or since the end of the financial year, indemnified or agreed to indemnify the auditor of the company or any related entity against a liability incurred by the auditor. During the financial year, the company has not paid a premium in respect of a contract to insure the auditor of the company or any related entity. Proceedings on behalf of the Company No person has applied to the Court under section 237 of the Corporations Act 2001 for leave to bring proceedings on behalf of the Company, or to intervene in any proceedings to which the Company is a party for the purpose of taking responsibility on behalf of the Company for all or part of those proceedings. Currency and rounding The financial report is presented in Australian dollars and amounts are rounded to the nearest dollar. Auditor's independence declaration A copy of the auditor's independence declaration as required under section 307C of the Corporations Act 2001 can be found on page 24. Auditor BDO Audit Pty Ltd continues in office in accordance with section 327 of the Corporations Act 2001. 19 Tlou Energy Limited – Annual Report 2023 Non-audit services The Company may decide to employ the auditor on assignments additional to their statutory audit duties where the auditor’s expertise and experience with the Company and/or the consolidated entity are important. The Board of Directors has considered the position and, in accordance with advice received from the Audit Committee, is satisfied that the provision of the non-audit services is compatible with the general standard of independence for auditors imposed by the Corporations Act 2001. The Directors are satisfied that the provision of non-audit services by the auditor, as set out below, did not compromise the auditor independence requirements of the Corporations Act 2001 for the following reasons: • all non-audit services have been reviewed to ensure they do not impact the impartiality and objectivity of the auditor; and • none of the services undermine the general principles relating to auditor independence as set out in APES 110 Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants. Details of the amounts paid or payable to the auditor for non-audit services provided during the year are set out below. Non-audit services - BDO Australia: Tax consulting and compliance services Total 2023 $ 2022 $ 10,000 10,000 9,575 9,575 This report is made in accordance with a resolution of Directors, pursuant to section 298(2)(a) of the Corporations Act 2001. On behalf of the Directors Anthony Gilby Director Brisbane, 29 September 2023 20 Tlou Energy Limited – Annual Report 2023 2023 Annual Reserves Statement Tlou Energy Limited is pleased to present its Annual Reserves Statement for the period ending 30 June 2023. There has been no adjustment to the net gas reserves and contingent resources of the Company since the last upgraded reserves were announced on 20 February 2018. Please refer to the ASX announcement on 20 February 2018 for full details of the consolidated entity’s gas reserves and contingent resources. An independent review of the Company’s gas reserves and contingent resources is planned which may result in an upgrade or downgrade of the current gas reserves and contingent resources. Having conducted an internal review of its gas reserves and resources position during the reporting period and satisfying itself that there was no new data available that might materially increase or decrease the reserves or resources estimates reported during the reporting period, the Company hereby presents the net gas reserves and contingent resources on a combined basis as well as for each of its individual tenements as at 30 June 2023. This information was prepared and first disclosed under the SPE-PRMS 2007. It has not been updated since to comply with the SPE-PRMS 2018 on the basis that the information has not materially changed since it was last reported. Location Project Tlou Interest Gas Reserves (BCF) Karoo Basin Botswana Karoo Basin Botswana Karoo Basin Botswana Total Lesedi CBM (all coal seams) PL001/2004, ML 2017/18L Mamba CBM (Lower Morupule coal) PL238/2014 – PL241/2014 PL003/2004, PL035/2000, PL037/2000 Location Project Karoo Basin Botswana Karoo Basin Botswana Karoo Basin Botswana Total Lesedi CBM (all coal seams) PL001/2004, ML 2017/18L Mamba CBM (Lower Morupule coal) PL238/2014 – PL241/2014 PL003/2004, PL035/2000, PL037/2000 30/06/2023 30/06/2022 30/06/2023 30/06/2022 30/06/2023 30/06/2022 100% 1P* 0.34 1P 0.34 2P* 25.2 2P 25.2 3P 252 3P 252 100% 0.01 0.01 15.5 15.5 175 175 100% - - - - - - Tlou Interest 100% 100% 100% 0.35 0.35 40.7 40.7 427 427 Gas Contingent Resource (BCF) 30/06/2023 30/06/2022 30/06/2023 30/06/2022 30/06/2023 30/06/2022 1C 4.6 1C 4.6 2C** 214 2C** 214 3C 3,043 3C 3,043 - - - - - - - - - - - - 4.6 4.6 214 214 3,043 3,043 21 Tlou Energy Limited – Annual Report 2023 ASX Listing Rules Annual Report Requirements *Listing Rule 5.39.1: • All 1P and 2P petroleum reserves recorded in the table are undeveloped and are attributable to unconventional gas. • 100% of all 1P and 2P petroleum reserves are located in the Karoo Basin in Botswana. *Listing Rule 5.39.2: • All 1P and 2P petroleum reserves reported are based on unconventional petroleum resources. Listing Rule 5.39.3: • The table shows the 2P and 3P petroleum reserves as at 30 June 2023 and comparative petroleum reserves certified at 30 June 2022. Governance Arrangements and Internal Controls Listing Rule 5.39.5: • Tlou Energy has obtained all its gas reserves and resources reported as at 30 June 2023 from external independent consultants who are qualified petroleum reserves and resource evaluators as prescribed by the ASX Listing Rules. • Tlou Energy estimates and reports its petroleum reserves and resources in accordance with the definitions and guidelines of the Petroleum Resources Management System 2007, published by the Society of Petroleum Engineers (SPE PRMS). • To ensure the integrity and reliability of data used in the reserves estimation process, the raw data is reviewed by senior reservoir and geological staff and consultants at Tlou Energy before being provided to the independent reserve certifiers. Tlou Energy has not and does not currently intend to conduct internal reviews of petroleum reserves preferring to appoint independent external experts prior to reporting any updated estimates of reserves or resources to ensure an independent and rigorous review of its data. • Tlou Energy reviews and updates its gas reserves and resources position on an annual basis to ensure that if there is any new data that might affect the reserves or resources estimates of the Company steps can be taken to ensure that the estimates are adjusted accordingly. ** Listing Rule 5.40.1: • All 2C contingent resources recorded in the table are undeveloped. 100% of the reported 2C contingent resource is attributable to unconventional gas. • The geographical areas where the 2C contingent resources are located is the Karoo Basin in Botswana. Listing Rule 5.40.2: • The table shows the 2C and 3C contingent resources as at 30 June 2023 as against the previous year. The net 2C and 3C contingent resources did not increase from the 2022 year to the 2023 year. • There were no other changes to the 2C and 3C contingent resources since the announcement on 20 February 2018. Listing Rule 5.44: • The estimates of Reserves and Contingent Resources appearing in the 2023 Annual Reserves Statement for Tlou Energy Limited and its subsidiaries are based on, and fairly represent, information and supporting documentation determined by the various qualified petroleum reserves and resource evaluators listed below. • The gas reserves and resource estimates for the Lesedi CBM Project provided in this report were released to the Market on 20 February 2018 (‘Announcement’). Tlou Energy confirms that it is not aware of any new information or data that materially affects the information included in the Announcement and that all the material assumptions and technical parameters underpinning the estimates in the Announcement continue to apply and have not materially changed. The gas reserve and resource estimates are based on and fairly represents, information and supporting documentation and were determined by Dr. Bruce Alan McConachie of SRK Consulting (Australasia) Pty Ltd, in accordance with Petroleum Resource Management System guidelines which were issued in 2007 and were in use in February 2018. The most recent changes to these guidelines, which revised those 2007 guidelines, was issued in June 2018. These revised guidelines will form the basis of any future assessments. The guidelines were re-affirmed by Mr Carl D’Silva of SRK. Mr D’Silva is considered to be a qualified person as defined under the ASX Listing Rule 5.42 and has given his consent to the use of the resource figures in the form and context in which they appear in this report. 22 Tlou Energy Limited – Annual Report 2023 Notes to Net Reserves and Resources Table: 1) Gas Reserve and Resource numbers have been rounded to the nearest whole number. 2) Gas Resource numbers have been rounded to the nearest tenth for amounts less than 100 BCF, otherwise to the nearest whole number. 3) Tlou’s Gas Reserves have not been adjusted for fuel or shrinkage and have been calculated at the wellhead (which is the reference point for the purposes of Listing Rule 5.26.5). 4) Contingent Gas Resources are (100%) Unrisked Gross and are derived from the SRK certification at 31 March 2015 for all coal seams (as previously announced by Tlou on 9 April 2015) with adjustment for the gas volumes which have now been certified by SRK in the Gas Reserves category. 5) ASX Listing Rule 5.28.2 Statement relating to Prospective Resources: The estimated quantities of petroleum gas that may potentially be recovered by the application of a future development project(s) relate to undiscovered accumulations. These estimates have both an associated risk of discovery and a risk of development. Further exploration appraisal and evaluation is required to determine the existence of a significant quantity of potentially moveable hydrocarbons. 6) Prospective Gas Resources are (100%) Unrisked Gross and are derived from a report to Tlou from Netherland, Sewell and Associates Inc (NSAI) dated 16th February 2012 regarding certification for all coal seams located in the remaining prospecting licences (as previously announced by Tlou in its prospectus dated 20 February 2013). 23 Auditor’s independence declaration Tlou Energy Limited – Annual Report 2023 Tel: +61 7 3237 5999 Fax: +61 7 3221 9227 www.bdo.com.au Level 10, 12 Creek Street Brisbane QLD 4000 GPO Box 457 Brisbane QLD 4001 Australia DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE BY R J LIDDELL TO THE DIRECTORS OF TLOU ENERGY LIMITED As lead auditor of Tlou Energy Limited for the year ended 30 June 2023, I declare that, to the best of my knowledge and belief, there have been: 1. No contraventions of the auditor independence requirements of the Corporations Act 2001 in relation to the audit; and 2. No contraventions of any applicable code of professional conduct in relation to the audit. This declaration is in respect of Tlou Energy Limited and the entities it controlled during the period. R J Liddell Director BDO Audit Pty Ltd Brisbane, 29 September 2023 BDO Audit Pty Ltd ABN 33 134 022 870 is a member of a national association of independent entities which are all members of BDO Australia Ltd ABN 77 050 110 275, an Australian company limited by guarantee. BDO Audit Pty Ltd and BDO Australia Ltd are members of BDO International Ltd, a UK company limited by guarantee, and form part of the international BDO network of independent member firms. Liability limited by a scheme approved under Professional Standards Legislation. 24 Tlou Energy Limited – Annual Report 2023 Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income for the year ended 30 June 2023 Interest income 21,747 9 Consolidated Note June 2023 $ June 2022 $ Expenses Employee benefits expense Depreciation expense Impairment - exploration and evaluation assets Foreign exchange gain/(loss) Interest expense Share based payment expense Professional fees Occupancy costs Other expenses Fair value gain/(loss) on financial instruments LOSS BEFORE INCOME TAX Income tax LOSS FOR THE PERIOD OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME/(LOSS) Items that may be reclassified to profit or loss Exchange differences on translation of foreign operations Tax effect TOTAL OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME/(LOSS) TOTAL COMPREHENSIVE INCOME/(LOSS) 3 11 9 14/15 3/19 3 3 16 4 (1,104,063) (209,320) - 140,528 (647,457) (99,651) (440,509) (15,600) (1,790,078) (96,805) (4,241,208) (683,630) (547,217) (166,054) (153,643) (241,917) (232,200) (284,451) (18,048) (1,311,694) (690,271) (4,329,116) - - (4,241,208) (4,329,116) (2,728,403) (1,717,869) - - (2,728,403) (6,969,611) (1,717,869) (6,046,985) Earnings per share Basic loss per share Diluted loss per share 5 5 Cents (0.5) (0.5) Cents (0.7) (0.7) The above consolidated statement of comprehensive income should be read in conjunction with the accompanying notes. 25 Tlou Energy Limited – Annual Report 2023 Consolidated Statement of Financial Position as at 30 June 2023 Consolidated Note June 2023 $ June 2022 $ CURRENT ASSETS Cash and cash equivalents Trade and other receivables Other current assets TOTAL CURRENT ASSETS NON-CURRENT ASSETS Exploration and evaluation assets Other non-current assets Property, plant and equipment TOTAL NON-CURRENT ASSETS TOTAL ASSETS CURRENT LIABILITIES Trade and other payables Derivatives Lease liabilities Provisions TOTAL CURRENT LIABILITIES NON-CURRENT LIABILITIES Convertible notes Long term loan Derivatives Lease liabilities Provisions TOTAL NON-CURRENT LIABILITIES TOTAL LIABILITIES NET ASSETS EQUITY Contributed equity Reserves Accumulated losses TOTAL EQUITY 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 16 13 14 15 16 13 17 6,848,717 1,311,444 1,140,791 9,300,952 60,442,961 483,775 1,399,531 62,326,267 71,627,219 2,405,713 - 15,968 417,158 2,838,839 8,086,011 2,000,000 122,005 37,797 134,000 10,379,813 13,218,652 7,875,025 424,220 178,887 8,478,132 50,180,613 602,112 366,492 51,149,217 59,627,349 563,599 696,153 13,792 319,903 1,593,447 7,263,643 - 67,600 56,530 113,000 7,500,773 9,094,220 58,408,567 50,533,129 121,509,325 (9,344,768) (53,755,990) 106,763,927 (6,716,016) (49,514,782) 58,408,567 50,533,129 The above consolidated statement of financial position should be read in conjunction with the accompanying notes. 26 Tlou Energy Limited – Annual Report 2023 Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity for the year ended 30 June 2023 Consolidated Balance at 1 July 2021 Loss for the period Other comprehensive income, net of tax Total comprehensive income Transactions with owners in their capacity as owners Share based payments Contributed Equity Share Based Payments Reserve Foreign Currency Translation Reserve Accumulated Losses Total $ $ $ $ $ 106,763,927 925,604 (6,155,951) (45,185,666) 56,347,914 - - - - - - - - - (4,329,116) (1,717,869) - (4,329,116) (1,717,869) (1,717,869) (4,329,116) (6,046,985) 232,200 232,200 - - - - 232,200 232,200 Balance at 30 June 2022 106,763,927 1,157,804 (7,873,820) (49,514,782) 50,533,129 Balance at 1 July 2022 106,763,927 1,157,804 (7,873,820) (49,514,782) 50,533,129 Loss for the period Other comprehensive income, net of tax Total comprehensive income - - - - - - - (4,241,208) (2,728,403) - (4,241,208) (2,728,403) (2,728,403) (4,241,208) (6,969,611) Transactions with owners in their capacity as owners Share based payments Shares issued, net of costs 14,745,398 - 99,651 - 14,745,398 99,651 - - - - - - 99,651 14,745,398 14,845,049 Balance at 30 June 2023 121,509,325 1,257,455 (10,602,223) (53,755,990) 58,408,567 The above consolidated statement of changes in equity should be read in conjunction with the accompanying notes. 27 Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows for the year ended 30 June 2023 CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES Payments to suppliers and employees (inclusive of GST and VAT) Interest received Interest paid GST and VAT received NET CASH USED IN OPERATING ACTIVITIES CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES Payments for exploration and evaluation assets Payment for property, plant and equipment NET CASH USED IN INVESTING ACTIVITIES CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES Proceeds from issue of shares Proceeds from borrowings Issue costs Payments of lease liabilities NET CASH PROVIDED BY FINANCING ACTIVITIES Net (decrease)/increase in cash held Cash at the beginning of the period Effects of exchange rate changes on cash Tlou Energy Limited – Annual Report 2023 Consolidated Note June 2023 $ June 2022 $ 27 17 17 (3,164,020) 21,747 (16,438) 422,234 (2,736,477) (2,461,808) 9 - 93,187 (2,368,612) (11,886,628) (1,883,994) (2,639,000) (274,654) (13,770,622) (2,913,654) 14,853,721 2,000,000 (108,323) (13,336) 16,732,062 224,963 7,875,025 (1,251,271) - 7,036,000 (167,973) (15,997) 6,852,030 1,569,764 6,385,384 (80,123) CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AT THE END OF THE PERIOD 6 6,848,717 7,875,025 The above consolidated statement of cash flows should be read in conjunction with the accompanying notes. 28 Tlou Energy Limited – Annual Report 2023 Notes to the financial statements Note 1. Significant accounting policies Introduction This financial report includes the consolidated financial statements of Tlou Energy Limited (the “Company”) and its controlled entities (together referred to as the “consolidated entity” or the "group"). The separate financial statements of the parent entity, Tlou Energy Limited, have not been presented within this financial report as permitted by the Corporations Act 2001. Supplementary information about the parent entity is disclosed in note 30. Tlou Energy Limited is a public company, incorporated and domiciled in Australia. Its registered office and principal place of business is 210 Alice St, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia. The following is a summary of the material and principal accounting policies adopted by the consolidated entity in the preparation of the financial report. The accounting policies have been consistently applied to all the years presented, unless otherwise stated. Operations and principal activities The principal activity of the consolidated entity is to explore, evaluate and develop power solutions in Sub-Saharan Africa through Coalbed Methane (CBM) gas-fired power. No revenue from these activities has been earned to date, as the consolidated entity is still in the exploration and evaluation or pre-development stage. Currency The financial report is presented in Australian dollars, rounded to the nearest dollar, which is the functional and presentation currency of the parent entity. Authorisation of financial report The financial report was authorised for issue on 29 September 2023. Basis of preparation These general purpose financial statements have been prepared in accordance with Australian Accounting Standards and Interpretations issued by the Australian Accounting Standards Board and the Corporations Act 2001. Tlou Energy Limited is a for-profit entity for the purposes of preparing the financial statements. Compliance with IFRS The consolidated financial statements of Tlou Energy Limited also comply with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB). Historical cost convention The consolidated financial statements have been prepared on an accruals basis and are based on historical costs except for derivative financial instruments which are measured at fair value. Critical accounting estimates The preparation of the financial statements requires the use of certain critical accounting estimates. It also requires management to exercise its judgement in the process of applying the consolidated entity’s accounting policies. The areas involving a higher degree of judgement or complexity, or areas where assumptions and estimates are significant to the financial statements are disclosed in note 2. Foreign currency transactions Foreign currency transactions are translated into the functional currency using the exchange rates prevailing at the dates of the transactions. Foreign exchange gains and losses resulting from the settlement of such transactions and from the translation at financial year-end exchange rates of monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are recognised in profit or loss. Refer to Note 18 for accounting policy on translation of foreign operations. 29 Notes to the financial statements (continued) Note 1 Significant accounting policies (continued) Tlou Energy Limited – Annual Report 2023 Going Concern The consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis which contemplates that the consolidated entity will continue to meet its commitments and can therefore continue normal business activities and the realisation of assets and settlement of liabilities in the ordinary course of business. Because of the nature of the operations, exploration or pre-development companies, such as Tlou Energy Limited, find it necessary on a regular basis to raise additional cash funds for future exploration and development activity and meet other necessary corporate expenditure. The Company is currently discussing potential equity investments with interested parties. These funds will be needed to fund ongoing operations and working capital requirements for the next 12 months. In addition, the consolidated entity may need to raise further capital to expand and develop its projects. Accordingly, the consolidated entity is in the process of investigating various options for the raising of additional funds which may include but is not limited to an issue of shares or the sale of exploration assets where increased value has been created through previous exploration activity. At the date of this financial report, none of the above fund-raising options have been concluded and no guarantee can be given that a successful outcome will eventuate. The directors have concluded that as a result of the current circumstances there exists a material uncertainty that may cast significant doubt regarding the consolidated entity's and the Company's ability to continue as a going concern and therefore the consolidated entity and Company may be unable to realise their assets and discharge their liabilities in the normal course of business. Nevertheless, after taking into account the current status of the various funding options currently being investigated and making other enquiries regarding other sources of funding, the directors have a reasonable expectation that the consolidated entity and the Company will have adequate resources to fund its future operational requirements and for these reasons they continue to adopt the going concern basis in preparing the financial report. The financial report does not include adjustments relating to the recoverability or classification of recorded assets amounts or to the amounts or classification of liabilities that might be necessary should the consolidated entity not be able to continue as a going concern. Accounting Policies Principles of consolidation (a) Subsidiaries are all entities (including structured entities) over which the consolidated entity has control. The consolidated entity controls an entity when the consolidated entity is exposed to, or has rights to, variable returns from its involvement with the entity and has the ability to affect those returns through its power to direct the activities of the entity. Subsidiaries are fully consolidated from the date on which control is transferred to the consolidated entity. They are deconsolidated from the date that control ceases. The acquisition method of accounting is used to account for business combinations by the consolidated entity. Intercompany transactions, balances, and unrealised gains on transactions between consolidated entity companies are eliminated. Unrealised losses are also eliminated unless the transaction provides evidence of an impairment of the transferred asset. Accounting policies of subsidiaries have been changed where necessary to ensure consistency with the policies adopted by the consolidated entity. 30 Notes to the financial statements (continued) Note 1 Significant accounting policies (continued) Tlou Energy Limited – Annual Report 2023 Income recognition (b) Interest Interest income is recognised as interest accrues using the effective interest method. This is a method of calculating the amortised cost of a financial asset and allocating the interest income over the relevant period using the effective interest rate, which is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash receipts through the expected life of the financial asset to the net carrying amount of the financial asset. Other income Other income is recognised when it is received or when the right to receive payment is established. Impairment of non-financial assets (c) Non-financial assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. An impairment loss is recognised for the amount by which the asset's carrying amount exceeds its recoverable amount. Recoverable amount is the higher of an asset’s fair value less costs to sell and value-in-use. The value-in-use is the present value of the estimated future cash flows relating to the asset using a pre-tax discount rate specific to the asset or cash-generating unit to which the asset belongs. Assets that do not have independent cash flows are grouped together to form a cash-generating unit. Goods and Services Tax ('GST') and other similar taxes (d) Revenues, expenses, and assets are recognised net of the amount of associated GST, unless the GST incurred is not recoverable from the tax authority. In this case it is recognised as part of the cost of the acquisition of the asset or as part of the expense. Receivables and payables are stated inclusive of the amount of GST receivable or payable. The net amount of GST recoverable from, or payable to, the tax authority is included in other receivables or other payables in the consolidated statement of financial position. Cash flows are presented on a gross basis. The GST components of cash flows arising from investing or financing activities which are recoverable from, or payable to the tax authority, are presented as operating cash flows. Commitments and contingencies are disclosed net of the amount of GST recoverable from, or payable to, the tax authority. Comparative figures (e) When required by accounting standards comparative figures have been adjusted to conform to changes in presentation for the current financial year. 31 Tlou Energy Limited – Annual Report 2023 Notes to the financial statements (continued) Note 1 Significant accounting policies (continued) Financial Instruments (f) Classification The group classifies its financial assets in the following measurement categories: • • those to be measured subsequently at fair value (either through OCI, or through profit or loss); and those to be measured at amortised cost. The classification depends on the group’s business model for managing the financial assets and the contractual terms of the cash flows. Measurement At initial recognition, the group measures a financial asset at its fair value plus, in the case of a financial asset not at fair value through profit or loss (FVPL), transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition of the financial asset. Transaction costs of financial assets carried at FVPL are expensed in profit or loss. Financial assets with embedded derivatives are considered in their entirety when determining whether their cash flows are solely payment of principal and interest. Impairment The group assesses on a forward-looking basis the expected credit losses associated with its debt instruments carried at amortised cost. The impairment methodology applied depends on whether there has been a significant increase in credit risk. For trade receivables, the group applies the simplified approach permitted by AASB 9, which requires expected lifetime losses to be recognised from initial recognition of the receivables. Derivative financial instruments Derivatives are initially recognised at fair value on the date a derivative contract is entered into and are subsequently remeasured to their fair value at each reporting date. The fair value adjustment is through profit or loss. 32 Notes to the financial statements (continued) Note 1 Significant accounting policies (continued) Tlou Energy Limited – Annual Report 2023 Leases (g) The Group leases office space and a leasehold property. Office contracts are typically made for fixed periods of 1 to 5 years but may have extension options. Lease terms are negotiated on an individual basis and contain a wide range of different terms and conditions. Leasehold property is for periods up to 50 years. Leases are recognised as a right-of-use asset and a corresponding liability at the date at which the leased asset is available for use by the Group. Assets and liabilities arising from a lease are initially measured on a present value basis. Lease Liabilities Lease liabilities include the net present value of the following lease payments: fixed payments (including in-substance fixed payments), less any lease incentives receivable; ➢ ➢ variable lease payment that are based on an index or a rate, initially measured using the index or rate as at the commencement date; ➢ amounts expected to be payable by the Group under residual value guarantees; ➢ the exercise price of a purchase option if the group is reasonably certain to exercise that option; and ➢ payments of penalties for terminating the lease, if the lease term reflects the group exercising that option. Lease payments to be made under reasonably certain extension options are also included in the measurement of the liability. The lease payments are discounted using the interest rate implicit in the lease. If that rate cannot be readily determined, which is generally the case for leases that relate to building premises, the entity’s incremental borrowing rate is used, being the rate that the individual lessee would have to pay to borrow the funds necessary to obtain an asset of similar value to the right-of-use asset in a similar economic environment with similar terms, security, and conditions. To determine the incremental borrowing rate, the Group uses recent third-party financing received by the individual lessee as a starting point, adjusted to reflect changes in financing conditions since third party financing was received, making adjustments specific to the lease (e.g., term, country, currency, and security). Lease payments are allocated between principal and finance cost. The finance cost is charged to profit or loss over the lease period to produce a constant periodic rate of interest on the remaining balance of the liability for each period. Right-of-use Assets Right-of-use assets are measured at cost comprising the following: the amount of the initial measurement of lease liability; ➢ ➢ any lease payments made at or before the commencement date less any lease incentives received; ➢ any initial direct costs; and ➢ restoration costs. Right-of-use assets are generally depreciated over the shorter of the asset's useful life and the lease term on a straight-line basis. If the Group is reasonably certain to exercise a purchase option, the right-of-use asset is depreciated over the underlying asset’s useful life. Low Value Assets Payments associated with leases of low value assets are recognised on a straight-line basis as an expense in profit or loss. Low value assets comprise small items of office equipment. 33 Notes to the financial statements (continued) Note 1 Significant accounting policies (continued) (h) Borrowings Tlou Energy Limited – Annual Report 2023 Financial liabilities Non-derivative financial liabilities other than financial guarantees are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method. The Consolidated entity’s financial liabilities measured at amortised cost include trade and other payables and the host liability of convertible notes. Convertible notes The conversion feature included in convertible notes is assessed to determine if it satisfies or fails the fixed-for-fixed requirement to be classified as a compound financial instrument containing an equity component. If this requirement is failed the notes are separated into the host liability and the derivative liability component of the notes. Subsequent to initial recognition any changes in fair value of the derivative liability at each balance date are recognised in profit or loss. The host liability is subsequently recognised on an amortised cost basis until extinguished on conversion or maturity of the notes. 34 Notes to the financial statements (continued) Note 1 Significant accounting policies (continued) (i) Revenue Tlou Energy Limited – Annual Report 2023 The consolidated entity currently does not recognise any revenue from the sale of goods or services but may do in future. Revenue from contracts with customers Revenue is recognised at an amount that reflects the consideration to which the consolidated entity is expected to be entitled in exchange for transferring goods or services to a customer. For each contract with a customer, the consolidated entity: identifies the contract with a customer; identifies the performance obligations in the contract; determines the transaction price which takes into account estimates of variable consideration and the time value of money; allocates the transaction price to the separate performance obligations on the basis of the relative stand-alone selling price of each distinct good or service to be delivered; and recognises revenue when or as each performance obligation is satisfied in a manner that depicts the transfer to the customer of the goods or services promised. The consolidated entity recognises an impairment loss in profit or loss to the extent that the carrying amount of an asset recognised exceeds: the remaining amount of consideration that the consolidated entity expects to receive in exchange for the goods or services to which the asset relates; less the costs that relate directly to providing those goods or services and that have not been recognised as expenses. The consolidated entity recognises in profit or loss a reversal of some or all of an impairment loss previously recognised when the impairment conditions no longer exist or have improved. The increased carrying amount of the asset will not exceed the amount that would have been determined (net of amortisation) if no impairment loss had been recognised previously. New Accounting Standards and Interpretations (j) There were no new or revised accounting standards adopted that had any impact on the Group’s accounting policies and required retrospective adjustments. New Standards and Interpretations not yet adopted (k) Certain new accounting standards and interpretations have been published that are not mandatory for 30 June 2023 reporting periods. The consolidated entity has decided against early adoption of these standards. The consolidated entity has assessed the impact of these new standards that are not yet effective and determined that they are not expected to have a material impact on the consolidated entity in the current or future reporting periods and on foreseeable future transactions. 35 Notes to the financial statements (continued) Note 2. Critical accounting judgements, estimates and assumptions Tlou Energy Limited – Annual Report 2023 The preparation of the financial statements requires management to make judgements, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts in the financial statements. Management continually evaluates its judgements and estimates in relation to assets and liabilities. Management bases its judgements, estimates and assumptions on historical experience and on other various factors, including expectations of future events, management believes to be reasonable under the circumstances. The resulting accounting judgements and estimates will seldom equal the related actual results. The judgements, estimates and assumptions that have a significant risk of causing a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities within the next financial year are discussed below. Exploration & evaluation assets The consolidated entity performs regular reviews on each area of interest to determine the appropriateness of continuing to carry forward costs in relation to that area of interest. These reviews are based on detailed surveys and analysis of drilling results performed to reporting date. Management has considered whether Tlou is still in the E&E phase or has moved into development. The projects should still be classified as E&E as the technical and commercial feasibility has not been established. In particular: • whilst there has been independently certified gas reserves and contingent resources whether or not these • reserve gas flow rates will be of a commercial quantity has not been established; funding for the commercialisation of reserves and for a commercial level of production has not been confirmed; and • a final investment decision has not been made. At the date of this report the Directors consider that Tlou is still in the E&E phase. While the Company has made significant strides during 2023, the three points above are still relevant, i.e. (i) commercial gas flow rates are yet to be established, (ii) agreed funding to commercialise the project is not yet in place, (iii) we have not reached a final investment decision. Based on these facts and despite the progress this year the project remains in the E&E stage. Deferred Tax assets The Company is subject to income taxes in Australia and jurisdictions where it has foreign operations. Significant judgement is required in determining the worldwide provision for income taxes. There are certain transactions and calculations undertaken during the ordinary course of business for which the ultimate tax determination is uncertain. The consolidated entity estimates its tax liabilities based on the consolidated entity’s understanding of the tax law. Where the final tax outcome of these matters is different from the amounts that were initially recorded, such differences will impact the current and deferred income tax assets and liabilities in the period in which such determination is made. In addition, the consolidated entity has recognised deferred tax assets relating to carried forward tax losses to the extent there are sufficient taxable temporary differences (deferred tax liabilities) relating to the same taxation authority and the same subsidiary against which the unused tax losses can be utilised. However, utilisation of the tax losses also depends on the ability of the entity, which is not part of the tax consolidated group, to satisfy certain tests at the time the losses are recouped. Due to the parent entity acquiring the entity that holds the losses it is expected that the entity will fail to satisfy the continuity of ownership test and therefore must rely on the same business test. As at 30 June 2023 the consolidated entity has not received advice that the losses are unavailable, however should this change in the future the consolidated entity may be required to derecognise these losses. 36 Notes to the financial statements (continued) Note 3. Expenses Tlou Energy Limited – Annual Report 2023 Loss before income tax includes the following specific expenses: Employee benefits expense ● Defined contribution superannuation expense ● Performance rights ● Other employee benefits expense Occupancy costs ● Rental expense relating to short-term leases ‑ minimum lease rentals ● Other occupancy costs Other expenses include the following specific items: ● Travel and accommodation costs ● Consultants ● Stock exchange, advisory, secretarial fees ● Investor relations Note 4. Income Tax Consolidated June 2023 $ June 2022 $ 86,731 99,651 1,017,332 1,203,714 15,600 - 15,600 216,403 174,488 400,602 634,999 64,637 232,200 618,993 915,830 12,900 5,148 18,048 75,695 443,082 258,001 314,250 The income tax expense or benefit for the period is the tax payable on that period's taxable income based on the applicable income tax rate for each jurisdiction adjusted by changes in deferred tax assets and liabilities attributable to temporary differences and unused tax losses and under and over provision in prior periods, where applicable. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognised for temporary differences at the tax rates expected to apply when the assets are recovered or liabilities are settled, based on those tax rates that are enacted or substantively enacted, except for: • When the deferred income tax asset or liability arises from the initial recognition of goodwill or an asset or liability in a transaction that is not a business combination and that, at the time of the transaction, affects neither the accounting nor taxable profits; or • When the taxable temporary difference is associated with investments in subsidiaries, associates or interests in joint ventures, and the timing of the reversal can be controlled and it is probable that the temporary difference will not reverse in the foreseeable future. Deferred tax assets are recognised for deductible temporary differences and unused tax losses only if it is probable that future taxable amounts will be available to utilise those temporary differences and losses. The carrying amount of recognised and unrecognised deferred tax assets are reviewed each reporting date. Deferred tax assets recognised are reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that future taxable profits will be available for the carrying amount to be recovered. Previously unrecognised deferred tax assets are recognised to the extent that it is probable that there are future taxable profits available to recover the asset. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset only where there is a legally enforceable right to offset current tax assets against current tax liabilities; and they relate to the same taxable authority on either the same taxable entity or different taxable entities which intend to settle simultaneously. 37 Notes to the financial statements (continued) Note 4 Income tax (continued) Tlou Energy Limited – Annual Report 2023 Loss before income tax Tax at the domestic tax rates applicable to profits in the country concerned at 30% (2022: 30%) Tax effect of amounts which are not deductible/(taxable) in calculating taxable income: Other non-deductible items Difference in overseas tax rates Deferred tax asset not recognised Income tax benefit Recognised deferred tax assets Unused tax losses Recognised deferred tax liabilities Assessable temporary differences Net deferred tax liability recognised Consolidated June 2023 $ (4,241,208) June 2022 $ (4,329,116) (1,272,362) (1,298,735) (844,141) (38,637) 2,155,140 1,142,896 (97,877) 253,716 - - 6,701,070 6,701,070 6,327,074 6,327,074 6,701,070 6,327,074 6,701,070 6,327,074 - - Unrecognised temporary differences and tax losses Unused tax losses and temporary differences for which no deferred tax asset has been recognised 47,594,215 45,777,185 The deductible temporary differences and tax losses do not expire under current tax legislation. Deferred tax assets have not been recognised in respect of these items because it is not probable that future taxable profit will be available against which the consolidated entity can utilise these benefits. Note 5. Earnings per share Basic and diluted earnings per share Basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing the profit attributable to the owners of Tlou Energy Limited, excluding any costs of servicing equity other than ordinary shares, by the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding during the financial year. Diluted earnings per share adjusts the figures used in the determination of basic earnings per share to take into account the after income tax effect of interest and other financing costs associated with dilutive potential ordinary shares and the weighted average number of shares assumed to have been issued for no consideration in relation to dilutive potential ordinary shares. Consolidated June 2023 $ June 2022 $ Reconciliation of earnings used in calculating basic and diluted loss per share: Loss for the year attributable to owners of Tlou Energy Limited Loss used in the calculation of the basic and dilutive loss per share (4,241,208) (4,241,208) (4,329,116) (4,329,116) Weighted average number of ordinary shares used as the denominator Number used in calculating basic and diluted loss per share Number 803,547,703 Number 600,199,039 Options and performance rights are considered to be "potential ordinary shares" but were anti-dilutive in nature and therefore the diluted loss per share is the same as the basic loss per share. 38 Notes to the financial statements (continued) Note 6. Cash and Cash Equivalents Tlou Energy Limited – Annual Report 2023 Cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand, deposits held at call with financial institutions, other short-term, highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash and which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value. Cash at bank Note 7. Trade and Other Receivables Current Other receivables GST/VAT receivable Note 8. Other Current Assets Prepayments Consolidated June 2023 $ June 2022 $ 6,848,717 6,848,717 7,875,025 7,875,025 Consolidated June 2023 $ June 2022 $ 23,443 1,288,001 1,311,444 34,448 389,772 424,220 Consolidated June 2023 $ June 2022 $ 1,140,791 1,140,791 178,887 178,887 39 Notes to the financial statements (continued) Note 9. Exploration and Evaluation Assets Tlou Energy Limited – Annual Report 2023 Exploration and evaluation expenditure incurred is accumulated in respect of each identifiable area of interest or project. Such expenditures comprise net direct costs and an appropriate portion of related overhead expenditure but do not include overheads or administration expenditure not having a specific nexus with a particular area of interest. These costs are only carried forward to the extent that they are expected to be recouped through the successful development of the area or where activities in the area have not yet reached a stage which permits reasonable assessment of the existence of economically recoverable reserves and active or significant operations in relation to the area are continuing. Accumulated costs in relation to an area or project no longer considered viable are written off in full in the year the decision is made. Regular reviews are undertaken on each area of interest and project to determine the appropriateness of continuing to carry forward related costs. Exploration and evaluation assets Movements in exploration and evaluation assets Balance at the beginning of period Exploration and evaluation expenditure during the year Impairment expense Foreign currency translation Balance at the end of period Consolidated June 2023 $ 60,442,961 60,442,961 June 2022 $ 50,180,613 50,180,613 50,180,613 12,281,203 - (2,018,855) 60,442,961 48,855,466 2,874,610 (166,054) (1,383,409) 50,180,613 Included in exploration and evaluation assets is expenditure incurred on contracts for the construction of a transmission line and associated substations to connect the Company’s Lesedi Power Project to the existing power grid in Botswana. At 30 June 2023 total costs on these items amounted to $7,265,668 (2022: $948,446). In the prior year financial statement these assets were itemised separately under non-current assets. The recoupment of costs carried forward in relation to projects or areas of interest in the exploration and evaluation phase is dependent on successful development and commercial exploitation, or alternatively, sale of the respective areas of interest. There is a risk that one or more of the exploration licences will not be extended, or that the terms of the extension are not favourable to Tlou. This could have an adverse impact on the performance of Tlou. The consolidated entity is not aware of any reasons why the licences will not be renewed. Note 10. Other non-current assets Inventory and well consumables are valued at lower of cost and net realisable value. Inventory and well consumables are allocated to exploration and evaluation expenditure when the assets are used in operations. Inventory and well consumables - at cost Consolidated June 2023 $ June 2022 $ 483,775 483,775 602,112 602,112 40 Notes to the financial statements (continued) Note 11. Property, Plant and Equipment Tlou Energy Limited – Annual Report 2023 Plant and equipment is stated at historical cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment. Historical cost includes expenditure that is directly attributable to the acquisition of the items. Depreciation and amortisation is calculated on a straight-line basis to write off the net cost of each item of plant and equipment and right of use assets over their expected useful lives as follows: Plant and equipment Right-of-use assets The residual values, useful lives and depreciation methods are reviewed, and adjusted if appropriate, at each reporting date. An item of property, plant and equipment is derecognised upon disposal or when there is no future economic benefit to the consolidated entity. Gains and losses between the carrying amount and the disposal proceeds are taken to profit or loss. 3-7 years over the actual or expected term of the lease Right-of-use assets, plant and equipment at cost Accumulated depreciation Consolidated June 2023 $ 5,221,832 (3,822,301) 1,399,531 June 2022 $ 4,186,262 (3,819,770) 366,492 Movements in Carrying Amounts Movement in the carrying amounts between the beginning and the end of the current financial year: Land and Buildings Site Equipment Motor Vehicles Office Equipment Balance at the beginning of year Additions Disposals Depreciation and amortisation Foreign exchange movements Carrying amount at the end of year 130,354 1,058,057 (16,342) (58,159) 1,113,910 150,964 116,821 (3,307) (129,261) (12,943) 122,274 33,509 (26,484) (1,640) 5,385 51,665 14,443 (15,758) (4,555) (777) 45,018 Furniture and Fittings - 133,373 (2,374) (11,671) (6,384) 112,944 Total 366,492 1,322,694 (21,439) (188,313) (79,903) 1,399,531 Included in property, plant and equipment are right-of-use assets with a carrying value of $60,059 (2022: $70,323). 41 Notes to the financial statements (continued) Note 12. Trade and Other Payables Tlou Energy Limited – Annual Report 2023 These amounts represent liabilities for goods and services provided to the consolidated entity prior to the end of the financial year and which are unpaid. Due to their short-term nature, they are measured at amortised cost and not discounted. The amounts are unsecured and are usually paid within 30 days of recognition. Current Trade payables Accruals Other payables Consolidated June 2023 $ June 2022 $ 1,828,818 533,379 43,516 2,405,713 445,994 95,337 22,268 563,599 The carrying values of trade and other payables approximate fair values due to short-term nature of the amounts. These are non-interest bearing. Note 13. Provisions Provisions are recognised when the consolidated entity has a present (legal or constructive) obligation as a result of a past event, it is probable the consolidated entity will be required to settle the obligation, and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation. The amount recognised as a provision is the best estimate of the consideration required to settle the present obligation at the reporting date, taking into account the risks and uncertainties surrounding the obligation. If the time value of money is material, provisions are discounted using a current pre-tax rate specific to the liability. The increase in the provision resulting from the passage of time is recognised as a finance cost. Rehabilitation The provision represents the estimated costs to rehabilitate wells in licences held by the consolidated entity. This provision has been calculated based on the number of wells which require rehabilitation and the expected costs to rehabilitate each well, taking into consideration the type of well and its location. Employee benefits Wages and salaries and annual leave Liabilities for wages and salaries, including non-monetary benefits, and annual leave expected to be settled within 12 months of the reporting date are recognised in current liabilities in respect of employees' services up to the reporting date and are measured at the amounts expected to be paid when the liabilities are settled. Long service leave The liability for long service leave is recognised in current and non-current liabilities, depending on the unconditional right to defer settlement of the liability for at least 12 months after the reporting date. The liability is measured as the present value of expected future payments to be made in respect of services provided by employees up to the reporting date. Consideration is given to expected future wage and salary levels, experience of employee departures and periods of service. Expected future payments are discounted using market yields at the reporting date on national corporate bonds with terms to maturity and currency that match, as closely as possible, the estimated future cash outflows. 42 Notes to the financial statements (continued) Note 13 Provisions (continued) Tlou Energy Limited – Annual Report 2023 Employee benefits – Botswana Severance A provision has been recognised for employee benefits relating to severance pay payable in Botswana. Severance pay As per the Botswana Labour a provision is calculated for each Botswana based employee of one day per month of service, which can be paid out after 60 months or when employment ends. The benefit rises to two days per month after the first 60 months. Current Employee benefits Employee benefits - Botswana severance Non-current Rehabilitation Movements in rehabilitation provision during the year Balance at the beginning of the year Rehabilitation required on wells drilled during the year Completed during the year Carrying amount at the end of the year Consolidated June 2023 $ 243,590 173,568 417,158 134,000 134,000 113,000 21,000 - 134,000 June 2022 $ 189,912 129,991 319,903 113,000 113,000 114,000 - (1,000) 113,000 43 Notes to the financial statements (continued) Note 14. Convertible notes Tlou Energy Limited – Annual Report 2023 The parent entity issued convertible notes totalling US$5,000,000 on 24 January 2022. The notes are convertible into ordinary shares of the parent entity, at the option of the holder at the higher of: (a) A 10% discount to the weighted average traded price of the Company’s shares on the ASX over the 90 days prior to the Conversion Date; and (b) A$0.06 The notes incur interest at 7.75% and the Company may capitalise interest for the first 18 months, thereafter, interest must be paid at each six-month anniversary of issue date. The notes expire on 24 January 2027, being 5 years after issue. The notes fail the fixed-for-fixed requirement to be classified as a compound financial instrument containing an equity component. As a result, the notes have been separated into the host liability and the derivative liability component of the notes. On initial recognition the fair value of the embedded derivative has been calculated first with the residual value being assigned to the host liability, as shown below: Face value of notes issued Derivative – refer note 17 Issue costs Host liability on initial recognition Opening Balance/Host liability on initial recognition Interest expense Interest paid Effect of foreign exchange movement Non-current host liability Total Borrowings Consolidated June 2023 $ June 2022 $ 7,036,000 (73,482) (167,673) 6,794,845 - - - - 7,263,643 614,581 - 207,787 8,086,011 6,794,845 241,917 - 226,881 7,263,643 8,086,011 7,263,643 Interest expense is calculated by applying the effective interest rate of 8.08% to the host liability component. The initial fair value of the derivative portion of the note was determined using a binomial option model on issue date. The host liability is subsequently recognised on an amortised cost basis until extinguished on conversion or maturity of the notes. The derivative is subsequently recognised at fair value at each reporting date – refer note 16 for further details. 44 Notes to the financial statements (continued) Note 15. Long Term Loan Non-current Liabilities Loan from ILC Investments Pty Ltd Interest expense Interest paid/accrued Tlou Energy Limited – Annual Report 2023 Consolidated June 2023 $ 2,000,000 32,876 (32,876) 2,000,000 June 2022 $ - - - - ILC Investments Pty Ltd (“ILC”) provided a $2m loan to the Company. ILC is Tlou’s largest shareholder. The Loan has a three-year term, commencing on 1 May 2023 and there are no arrangement fees. Interest will be charged at 10% per annum and payable each quarter. The Loan is unsecured and is scheduled to be repaid at the end of the term (30 April 2026). However, the Loan can be repaid in advance at any time without penalty should funds be available to do so. Note 16. Derivatives Current Opening balance Fair value movement recognised in profit or loss Settlement of forward contracts Closing balance Non-current Opening balance On initial recognition Fair value movement recognised in profit or loss Closing balance Consolidated June 2023 $ June 2022 $ 696,153 42,400 (738,553) - 696,153 - - 696,153 Consolidated June 2023 $ June 2022 $ 67,600 - 54,405 122,005 - 73,482 (5,882) 67,600 Non-current derivatives relate to the conversion feature included in the convertible notes issued on 24 January 2022. The initial fair value and the value as at 30 June 2023 of the derivative portion of the note was determined using a binomial option model. Fair value measurements The fair value of financial assets and financial liabilities must be estimated for recognition and measurement or for disclosure purposes. AASB 13 Fair Value Measurement requires disclosure of fair value measurements by level of the following fair value measurement hierarchy: (a) quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (level 1) (b) inputs other than quoted prices included within level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly (as prices) or indirectly (derived from prices) (level 2), and (c) inputs for the asset or liability that are not based on observable market data (unobservable inputs) (level 3). The fair value of the consolidated entity’s derivatives is determined using valuation techniques as they are not traded in an active market. These valuation techniques maximise the use of observable market data where it is available and rely as little as possible on entity specific estimates. The conversion feature derivative is considered to be a level 3 measurement as the binomial pricing model includes unobservable inputs. 45 Notes to the financial statements (continued) Note 16 Derivatives (continued) Tlou Energy Limited – Annual Report 2023 Foreign currency forward contracts have been valued using the present value of future cash flows based on the forward exchange rates at balance date. The foreign currency forward contract is considered to be a level 3 measurement as the valuation model includes unobservable inputs. Changes in the value of the derivatives that have been recognised are included in the tables above. Note 17. Contributed equity Issued and paid-up capital is recognised at the fair value of the consideration received by the consolidated entity. Incremental costs directly attributable to the issue of new shares or options are shown in equity as a deduction, net of tax, from the proceeds. Opening balance Issue of ordinary shares during the year Share issue costs June 2023 Shares 600,199,039 424,383,986 - June 2022 Shares 600,199,039 - - Ordinary shares ‑ fully paid 1,024,583,025 600,199,039 Consolidated June 2023 $ 106,763,927 14,853,721 (108,323) 121,509,325 June 2022 $ 106,763,927 - - 106,763,927 Ordinary shares issued during the year Exercise of Options Placement Placement Placement Placement Entitlement Offer Issue Date No. of Shares 18-Jul-22 9-Nov-22 16-Nov-22 27-Jan-23 27-Mar-23 22-Jun-23 6,250 57,142,857 85,714,286 87,653,278 5,714,284 188,153,031 Issue Price (AUD) $0.08 $0.035 $0.035 $0.035 $0.035 $0.035 Ordinary shares Ordinary shares entitle the holder to participate in dividends and the proceeds on the winding up of the Company in proportion to the number of, and amounts paid on, the shares held. The fully paid ordinary shares have no par value. On a show of hands every member present at a meeting, in person or by proxy, shall have one vote and upon a poll, each share shall have one vote. The Company does not have authorised capital or par value in respect of its issued shares. Capital risk management The capital structure of the consolidated entity consists of equity attributable to equity holders of the parent entity, comprising issued capital and reserves as disclosed in the Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity. When managing capital, management’s objective is to ensure the parent entity continues as a going concern and to maintain a structure that ensures the lowest cost of capital available and to ensure adequate capital is available for exploration and evaluation of tenements. In order to maintain or adjust the capital structure, the consolidated entity may seek to issue new shares. Consistent with other exploration companies, the consolidated entity, including the parent entity monitors capital on the basis of forecast exploration and development expenditure required to reach a stage which permits a reasonable assessment of the existence or otherwise of an economically recoverable reserve. 46 Notes to the financial statements (continued) Note 18. Reserves Tlou Energy Limited – Annual Report 2023 Foreign Currency Translation Reserve The foreign currency translation reserve records exchange differences arising on translation of foreign controlled entities. The financial report is presented in Australian dollars rounded to the nearest dollar, which is Tlou Energy Limited's functional and presentation currency. Foreign operations The assets and liabilities of foreign operations are translated into functional currency using the exchange rates at the reporting date. The revenues and expenses of foreign operations are translated into functional currency using the average exchange rates, which approximate the rate at the date of the transaction, for the period. All resulting foreign exchange differences are recognised in the foreign currency translation reserve in equity. The foreign currency reserve is recognised in profit or loss when the foreign operation or net investment is disposed of. Share Based Payments Reserve The share-based payments reserve is used to record the share-based payment associated with options and performance rights granted to employees and others under equity-settled share-based payment arrangements. Note 19. Share-based payments Equity-settled and cash-settled share-based compensation benefits are provided to employees and other service providers. Equity-settled transactions are awards of shares, options or performance rights over shares that are provided to employees or other service providers in exchange for the rendering of services. Cash-settled transactions are awards of cash for the exchange of services, where the amount of cash is determined by reference to the share price. The cost of equity-settled transactions are measured at fair value on grant date. Fair value is independently determined using either the Binomial or Black-Scholes option pricing model that takes into account the exercise price, the term of the option, the impact of dilution, the share price at grant date and expected price volatility of the underlying share, the expected dividend yield and the risk free interest rate for the term of the option, together with non-vesting conditions that do not determine whether the consolidated entity receives the services that entitle the employees to receive payment. No account is taken of any other vesting conditions. The cost of equity-settled transactions are recognised as an expense with a corresponding increase in equity over the vesting period. The cumulative charge to profit or loss is calculated based on the grant date fair value of the award, the best estimate of the number of awards that are likely to vest and the expired portion of the vesting period. The amount recognised in profit or loss for the period is the cumulative amount calculated at each reporting date less amounts already recognised in previous periods. Market conditions are taken into consideration in determining fair value. Therefore, any awards subject to market conditions are considered to vest irrespective of whether or not that market condition has been met provided all other conditions are satisfied. If equity-settled awards are modified, as a minimum an expense is recognised as if the modification has not been made. An additional expense is recognised, over the remaining vesting period, for any modification that increases the total fair value of the share-based compensation benefit as at the date of modification. If the non-vesting condition is within the control of the consolidated entity or employee, the failure to satisfy the condition is treated as a cancellation. If the condition is not within the control of the consolidated entity or employee and is not satisfied during the vesting period, any remaining expense for the award is recognised over the remaining vesting period, unless the award is forfeited. If equity-settled awards are cancelled, it is treated as if it has vested on the date of cancellation, and any remaining expense is recognised immediately. If a new replacement award is substituted for the cancelled award, the cancelled and new award is treated as if they were a modification. 47 Notes to the financial statements (continued) Note 19 Share based payments (continued) Tlou Energy Limited – Annual Report 2023 Employee Share Options and Performance Rights Share Options and Performance Rights may be granted to certain personnel of the Company on terms determined by the directors or otherwise approved by the Company at a general meeting. Share options are granted for no consideration. Options and entitlements to the options are vested on a time basis and/or on specific performance-based criteria such as share price increases or reserves certification. Options granted as described above carry no dividend or voting rights. When exercisable, each option is convertible to one ordinary share. Performance Rights are linked to the share price performance of the Company, ensuring alignment with the interests of the Company's shareholders. For the Performance Rights that are issued but not yet exercised at the date of this report to vest and, therefore, become exercisable by a participant, certain performance conditions are required to be met as set out below. On vesting, holders of Performance Rights will be entitled to acquire Tlou Energy Limited ordinary shares at nil cost. Options At 30 June 2023, the were no outstanding options for ordinary shares in Tlou Energy Limited. Issued to: Grant Date Shareholders 20-Jul-20 20-Jul-20 Service providers Exercise Price $0.08 $0.08 Expiry date 20-Jul-22 20-Jul-22 1/07/2022 Issued Exercised Expired 30/06/2023 37,509,400 20,000,000 - - (6,250) (37,503,150) - (20,000,000) 57,509,400 - (6,250) (57,503,150) - - - At 30 June 2022, the following options for ordinary shares in Tlou Energy Limited were on issue. Issued to: Grant Date Shareholders 20-Jul-20 20-Jul-20 Service providers Exercise Price $0.08 $0.08 Expiry date 20-Jul-22 20-Jul-22 1/07/2021 Issued Exercised Expired 30/06/2022 37,509,400 20,000,000 - - - - - 37,509,400 - 20,000,000 57,509,400 - - - 57,509,400 Options may be granted on terms determined by the directors or otherwise approved by the company at a general meeting. The options are granted for no consideration. Options and entitlements to the options are vested on a time basis and/or for services provided or on specific performance-based criteria. Options granted as described above carry no dividend or voting rights. When exercisable, each option is convertible to one ordinary share. The fair value of options at grant date is determined using generally accepted valuation techniques that take into account exercise price, the term of the option, the impact of dilution, the share price at grant date, the expected price volatility of the underlying share, the expected dividend yield and the risk-free rate for the term of the option/performance right and an appropriate probability weighting to factor the likelihood of the satisfaction of non- vesting conditions. The expected volatility is based on historic volatility, adjusted for any expected changes to future volatility due to publicly available information. 48 Notes to the financial statements (continued) Note 19 Share based payments (continued) Performance Rights At 30 June 2023, the following performance rights were on issue. Tlou Energy Limited – Annual Report 2023 Issue Date 31/01/2017 19/10/2018 19/10/2018 15/12/2021 15/12/2021 1/02/2023 1/02/2023 1/02/2023 Hurdle Price $0.28 $0.165 $0.22 $0.10 $0.165 $0.165 $0.22 $0.28 Expiry date 31/01/2024 31/01/2025 31/01/2025 31/01/2025 31/01/2025 31/01/2025 31/01/2025 31/01/2025 1/07/2022 Issued Exercised Lapsed 30/06/2023 2,275,000 2,225,000 2,225,000 3,000,000 3,000,000 - - - 12,725,000 - - - - - 2,000,000 2,000,000 2,000,000 6,000,000 - - - - - - - - - - 2,275,000 2,175,000 (50,000) 2,175,000 (50,000) - 3,000,000 - 3,000,000 - 2,000,000 - 2,000,000 - 2,000,000 (100,000) 18,625,000 Performance Condition (i) To vest the share price needs to be AUD $0.28 or greater for a period of 10 consecutive trading days. These performance rights expire on 31/01/2024. (ii) To vest the share price needs to be AUD $0.165 or greater for a period of 10 consecutive trading days. These performance rights expire on 31/01/2025. (iii) To vest the share price needs to be AUD $0.22 or greater for a period of 10 consecutive trading days. These performance rights expire on 31/01/2025. (iv) To vest the share price needs to be AUD $0.10 or greater for a period of 10 consecutive trading days. These performance rights expire on 31/01/2025. (v) To vest the share price needs to be AUD $0.28 or greater for a period of 10 consecutive trading days. These performance rights expire on 31/01/2025. Each performance right provides the right to receive one share, subject to the satisfaction of any applicable performance conditions. Unless the Board exercises its discretion, performance rights are forfeited on the occurrence of certain specified events, including, but not limited to, ceasing to be an employee or contractor of the Company or its associated entities for any reason, including, but not limited to death, illness, permanent disability, redundancy or otherwise. Fair value of performance rights granted The fair value at grant date is determined using a binomial option pricing model that takes into account the exercise price, the term of the performance rights, the impact of dilution, the share price at grant date and expected price volatility of the underlying share, the expected dividend yield and the risk free interest rate for the term of the performance rights. The model inputs for performance rights granted during the year ended 30 June 2023 included: (a) Performance rights are granted for no consideration and vest based on the conditions noted above (b) exercise price: $nil (c) grant date: 1 February 2023 (d) expiry date: 31 January 2025 (e) share price at grant date: $0.04 (f) expected price volatility: 100% (g) expected dividend yield: 0% (h) risk-free interest rate: 3.16% The expected price volatility is based on the historic volatility (based on the remaining life of the options), adjusted for any expected changes to future volatility due to publicly available information. 49 Notes to the financial statements (continued) Note 19 Share based payments (continued) Tlou Energy Limited – Annual Report 2023 The following table shows the number, movements and vesting price of performance rights for the 2022 year. Date of Approval 17 October 2018 17 October 2018 10 November 2016 24 November 2021 24 November 2021 Vesting Price $0.165 $0.22 $0.28 $0.10 $0.165 1/07/2021 2,225,000 2,225,000 2,275,000 Issued - - - - 3,000,000 - 3,000,000 6,000,000 6,725,000 Exercised - - - - - - Expired - - - - - - 30/06/2022 2,225,000 2,225,000 2,275,000 3,000,000 3,000,000 12,725,000 Expenses arising from share-based payment transactions Total expenses arising from share-based payment transaction recognised during the year were as follows: Performance rights Consolidated June 2023 $ June 2022 $ 99,651 99,651 232,200 232,200 The weighted average remaining contractual life of performance rights outstanding at the end of the period is 1.47 years (2022: 2.41 years). Note 20. Commitments Exploration and evaluation expenditure: To maintain an interest in the exploration tenements in which it is involved, the consolidated entity is required to meet certain conditions imposed by the various statutory authorities granting the exploration tenements or that are imposed by the joint venture agreements entered into by the consolidated entity. These conditions can include proposed expenditure commitments. The timing and amount of exploration expenditure obligations of the consolidated entity may vary significantly from the forecast based on the results of the work performed, which will determine the prospectivity of the relevant area of interest. Subject to renewal of all prospecting licences, the consolidated entity's proposed expenditure obligations along with obligations under contracts related to the construction of transmission lines and associated infrastructure which are not provided for in the financial statements are as follows: Minimum expenditure requirements not later than 12 months between 12 months and 5 years ● ● Consolidated June 2023 $ 5,630,270 263,181 5,893,451 June 2022 $ 6,257,100 1,769,692 8,026,792 50 Notes to the financial statements (continued) Note 21. Financial instruments Tlou Energy Limited – Annual Report 2023 Overview The consolidated entity's principal financial instruments comprise receivables, payables, cash and term deposits, convertible notes, derivatives and long-term loans. The main risks arising from the consolidated entity's financial assets are interest rate risk, foreign currency risk, credit risk and liquidity risk. This note presents information about the consolidated entity's exposure to each of the above risks, its objectives, policies, and processes for measuring and managing risk. Other than as disclosed, there have been no significant changes since the previous financial year to the exposure or management of these risks. The consolidated entity holds the following financial instruments: Financial Assets Cash and cash equivalents Trade and other receivables Financial Liabilities Trade and other payables Convertible notes Derivatives Long-term loan Consolidated June 2023 $ 6,848,717 1,311,444 June 2022 $ 7,875,025 424,220 8,160,161 8,299,245 2,459,478 8,086,011 122,005 2,000,000 12,667,494 633,921 7,263,643 763,753 - 8,661,317 Financial risk management objectives The consolidated entity's activities expose it to a variety of financial risks: market risk (including foreign currency risk, price risk and interest rate risk), credit risk and liquidity risk. The consolidated entity's overall risk management program focuses on the unpredictability of financial markets and seeks to minimise potential adverse effects on the financial performance of the consolidated entity. The consolidated entity uses different methods to measure different types of risk to which it is exposed. These methods include sensitivity analysis in the case of interest rate, foreign exchange and other price risks and ageing analysis for credit risk. Key risks are monitored and reviewed as circumstances change (e.g., acquisition of new entity or project) and policies are created or revised as required. The overall objective of the consolidated entity's financial risk management policy is to support the delivery of the consolidated entity's financial targets whilst protecting future financial security. During the current year the consolidated entity has entered into a foreign exchange forward contract to mitigate its foreign exchange risk. Given the nature and size of the business and uncertainty as to the timing and amount of cash inflows and outflows, the consolidated entity does not enter into any other derivative transactions (apart from its foreign exchange forward contract) to mitigate the financial risks. In addition, the consolidated entity's policy is that no trading in financial instruments shall be undertaken for the purpose of making speculative gains. As the consolidated entity's operations change, the Directors will review this policy periodically going forward. The Board of Directors has overall responsibility for the establishment and oversight of the risk management framework. The Board reviews and agrees policies for managing the consolidated entity's financial risks as summarised below. These policies include identification and analysis of the risk exposure of the consolidated entity and appropriate procedures, controls, and risk limits. Risk management is carried out by senior finance executives (finance) under policies approved by the Board of Directors. Finance identifies, evaluates, and hedges financial risks within the consolidated entity's operating units where appropriate. 51 Tlou Energy Limited – Annual Report 2023 Notes to the financial statements (continued) Note 21 Financial instruments (continued) (a) Interest rate risk Exposure to interest rate risk arises on financial assets and financial liabilities recognised at reporting date whereby a future change in interest rates will affect future cash flows or the fair value of fixed rate financial instruments. The consolidated entity is also exposed to earnings volatility on floating rate instruments. A forward business cash requirement estimate is made, identifying cash requirements for the following period (generally up to one year) and interest rate term deposit information is obtained from a variety of banks over a variety of periods (usually one month up to six-month term deposits) accordingly. The funds to invest are then scheduled in an optimised fashion to maximise interest returns. Interest rate sensitivity A sensitivity of 1% interest rate has been selected as this is considered reasonable given the current market conditions. A 1% movement in interest rates at the reporting date would have increased (decreased) equity and profit or loss by the amounts shown below. This analysis assumes that all other variables, in particular foreign currency rates, remain constant. Consolidated - 30 June 2023 Cash and cash equivalents Consolidated - 30 June 2022 Cash and cash equivalents Profit or loss Equity 1% increase $ 1% decrease $ 1% increase $ 1% decrease $ 68,487 (68,487) 68,487 (68,487) 78,750 (78,750) 78,750 (78,750) Interest rate risk on other financial instruments is immaterial. (b) Liquidity risk Liquidity risk is the risk that the consolidated entity will not be able to meet its financial obligations as they fall due. The Board's approach to managing liquidity is to ensure, as far as possible, that the consolidated entity will always have sufficient liquidity to meet its obligations when due. Ultimate responsibility for liquidity risk management rests with the Board of Directors. The consolidated entity manages liquidity risk by maintaining adequate reserves and by continuously monitoring forecast and actual cash flows and matching the maturity profiles of financial assets and liabilities. This is based on the undiscounted cash flows of the financial liabilities based on the earliest date on which they are required to be paid. At the end of the reporting period the consolidated entity held cash of $6,848,717 (2022: $7,875,025). The following table details the remaining contractual maturity for non-derivative financial liabilities. Consolidated - 30 June 2023 Trade and other payables Long term loan Convertible notes & derivatives Consolidated - 30 June 2022 Trade and other payables Convertible notes & derivatives Within 1 Year $ 2,421,681 198,356 - Between 1 - 5 years $ 37,797 2,378,630 10,727,761 Total Contractual Cash Flows $ 2,459,478 2,576,986 10,727,761 Carrying Amount $ 2,459,478 2,000,000 8,208,016 577,391 696,153 56,530 10,341,158 633,921 11,037,311 633,921 8,027,396 52 Tlou Energy Limited – Annual Report 2023 Notes to the financial statements (continued) Note 21 Financial instruments (continued) (c) Foreign exchange risk As a result of activities overseas, the consolidated entity's consolidated statement of financial position can be affected by movements in exchange rates. The consolidated entity also has transactional currency exposures. Such exposures arise from transactions denominated in currencies other than the functional currency of the relevant entity. The consolidated entity's exposure to foreign currency risk primarily arises from the consolidated entity's operations overseas. Foreign exchange risk arises from future commercial transactions and recognised financial assets and financial liabilities denominated in a currency that is not the entity’s functional currency. The risk is measured using sensitivity analysis and cash flow forecasting. During the prior year the consolidated entity entered into a foreign exchange forward contract to mitigate its foreign exchange risk. Apart from this contract the consolidated entity’s policy is to generally convert its local currency to Pula, Rand, or US dollars at the time of transaction. The consolidated entity, has on rare occasions, taken the opportunity to move Australian dollars into foreign currency (ahead of a planned requirement for those foreign funds) when exchange rate movements have moved significantly in favour of the Australian dollar, and management considers that the currency movement is extremely likely to move back in subsequent weeks or months. Therefore, the opportunity has been taken to lock in currency at a favourable rate to the consolidated entity. This practice is expected to be the exception, rather than the normal practice. The consolidated entity’s exposure to foreign currency risk at the reporting date, expressed in Australian dollars, was as follows: 2023 USD A$ 2023 BWP A$ 2023 ZAR A$ 2023 GBP A$ 2022 USD A$ 2022 BWP A$ 2022 ZAR A$ 2022 GBP A$ Financial Assets Cash and cash equivalents Trade and other receivables Financial Liabilities Trade and other payables Net Financial Instruments 37,301 - 142,007 1,284,732 1,023 965,200 6,143,514 - - - 339,500 389,727 - (1,739,096) (312,357) 37,301 - - 1,023 965,200 - (443,622) 285,605 6,143,514 20,969 1,188,501 - - - - 20,969 1,188,501 Foreign currency rate sensitivity Based on financial instruments held at 30 June 2023, had the Australian dollar strengthened/weakened by 10% the consolidated entity’s profit or loss and equity would be impacted as follows: Profit or loss Equity 2023 Dollar (US) Pula (Botswana) Rand (South Africa) Pound (UK) 2022 Dollar (US) Pula (Botswana) Rand (South Africa) Pound (UK) 10% Increase $ (3,730) 31,236 (102) (96,520) (614,351) (28,561) (2,097) (118,850) 10% Decrease $ 10% Increase $ 10% Decrease $ 3,730 (31,236) 102 96,520 614,351 28,561 2,097 118,850 (3,730) 31,236 (102) (96,520) (614,351) (28,561) (2,097) (118,850) 3,730 (31,236) 102 96,520 614,351 28,561 2,097 118,850 53 Notes to the financial statements (continued) Note 21 Financial instruments (continued) (c) Foreign exchange risk (continued) Forward foreign exchange rates Tlou Energy Limited – Annual Report 2023 The consolidated entity had entered into foreign exchange forward contracts to mitigate its foreign exchange risk. There were no outstanding forward contracts at the end of the reporting period. Buy Pula (BWP) Maturity: 0 – 3 months 3 – 6 months 6 – 12 months Sell US Dollars 2023 USD$ - - - 2022 USD$ 679,488 2,652,635 1,632,602 The valuation of the forward exchange contract was based on a market reference rate of 12.43BWP compared to a strike price of 11.6BWP. Based on the financial instruments held as at 30 June 2022, had the Pula weakened/ strengthened by 10% against the US dollar with all other variables held constant, the movement in the value of the forward foreign exchange contract would not have been material to the consolidated entity’s financial statements. (d) Credit risk Credit risk is the risk of financial loss to the consolidated entity if a customer or counterparty to a financial instrument fails to meet its contractual obligations. This arises principally from cash and cash equivalents and trade and other receivables. The consolidated entity’s exposure and the credit ratings of its counterparties are continuously monitored by the Board of Directors. The maximum exposure to credit risk at the reporting date is the carrying amount of the financial assets as summarised in the table above. Credit Risk Exposures Trade and other receivables Trade and other receivables comprise primarily of VAT and GST refunds due. Where possible the consolidated entity trades with recognised, creditworthy third parties. The receivable balances are monitored on an ongoing basis. The consolidated entity’s exposure to expected credit losses is not significant. Cash and cash equivalents The consolidated entity has a significant concentration of credit risk with respect to cash deposits with Westpac Banking Corporation, First National Bank Botswana, and First National Bank South Africa. However, significant cash deposits are invested across banks to mitigate credit risk exposure to a particular bank. AAA rated banks are used where possible and non-AAA banks are utilised where commercially attractive returns are available. 54 Notes to the financial statements (continued) Key Management Personnel Note 22. Tlou Energy Limited – Annual Report 2023 Key management personnel comprise directors and other persons having authority and responsibility for planning, directing and controlling the activities of the consolidated entity. Key management personnel compensation The aggregate compensation made to directors and other members of key management personnel of the consolidated entity is set out below: Short-term employee benefits Post-employment benefits Share based payments Note 23. Auditors' Remuneration Consolidated June 2023 $ 991,632 76,177 1,067,809 76,369 1,144,178 June 2022 $ 626,196 71,847 698,043 232,200 930,243 During the year the following fees were paid or payable for services provided by the auditor of the consolidated entity: Audit services Auditing or reviewing the financial statements - BDO Australia Auditing or reviewing the financial statements - BDO Botswana Non-audit services - BDO Australia Tax consulting and compliance services Total Note 24. Contingent Liabilities The Directors are not aware of any contingent liabilities (2022: nil). Consolidated June 2023 $ June 2022 $ 76,000 34,580 10,000 120,580 48,675 34,580 9,575 92,830 55 Tlou Energy Limited – Annual Report 2023 Notes to the financial statements (continued) Related Party Transactions Note 25. Parent entity The legal parent entity is Tlou Energy Limited. Subsidiaries Interests in subsidiaries are set out in note 28. Transactions with related parties The following transactions occurred with related parties: Payment for goods and services: Office rent paid to The Gilby McKay Alice Street Partnership, a director-related entity of Anthony Gilby. Consolidated 2023 $ 2022 $ 15,600 12,900 Loans to/from related parties Loan from ILC Investment Pty Ltd, a significant shareholder of the Company 2,000,000 - Receivable from and payable to related parties The following balances are outstanding at the reporting date in relation to transactions with related parties: Current payables: Interest accrued on the loan to ILC Investments Pty Ltd, a significant shareholder of the Company 16,438 - The loan from ILC Investments Pty Ltd has a three-year term, commencing on 1 May 2023 and there are no arrangement fees. Interest will be charged at 10% per annum and payable each quarter. Note 26. Segment Reporting Reportable Segments Operating segments are identified based on internal reports that are regularly reviewed by the executive team to allocate resources to the segment and assess its performance. The Company currently operates in one segment, being the exploration, evaluation and development of Coalbed Methane resources in Southern Africa. Segment revenue As at 30 June 2023 no revenue has been derived from its operations (2022: nil). Segment assets Segment non-current assets are allocated to countries based on where the assets are located as outlined below: Botswana Australia June 2023 $ June 2022 $ 61,802,339 31,726 61,834,065 51,147,251 1,966 51,149,217 56 Notes to the financial statements (continued) Note 27. Cash Flow Information Tlou Energy Limited – Annual Report 2023 Consolidated June 2023 $ June 2022 $ Reconciliation of cash flow from operations Loss for the period Depreciation Share-based payments Impairment charge - exploration and evaluation assets Fair value gain/(loss) on financial instruments Capitalised interest Net exchange differences (4,241,208) 209,320 99,651 - 96,805 614,581 59,424 Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of the effects of purchase and disposal of subsidiaries: Decrease/(increase) in trade and other receivables Increase/(decrease) in trade payables and accruals Increase/(decrease) in other payables Decrease/(increase) in prepayments Increase/(decrease) in provisions 82,907 259,723 (13,118) 49,515 45,923 (2,736,477) Refer to Notes 14-16 for non-cash investing or financing activities during the year. (4,329,116) 547,217 232,200 166,054 690,272 241,917 43,997 (56,631) 113,596 (15,997) (5,053) 2,932 (2,368,612) Note 28. Subsidiaries The consolidated financial statements incorporate the assets, liabilities and results of the following subsidiaries in accordance with the accounting policy described in note 1. Name of entity Country of incorporation Class of shares Equity holding % Tlou Energy Botswana (Proprietary) Ltd Botswana Ordinary June 2023 100 June 2022 100 Technoleads International Inc Tlou Energy Exploration (Proprietary) Limited Sable Energy Holdings (Barbados) Inc Tlou Energy Resources (Proprietary) Limited Copia Resources Inc Tlou Energy Corp Services Botswana (Proprietary) Limited Madra Holdings (Barbados) Inc Tlou Energy Solutions (Proprietary) Limited Pula Holdings Inc Tlou Energy Generation Proprietary Limited Barbados Botswana Barbados Botswana Barbados Botswana Barbados Botswana Barbados Botswana Ordinary Ordinary Ordinary Ordinary Ordinary Ordinary Ordinary Ordinary Ordinary Ordinary 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 57 Notes to the financial statements (continued) Note 29. Matters subsequent to the end of the financial year Tlou Energy Limited – Annual Report 2023 There has not been any matter or circumstance, other than that referred to in this report and disclosed in the financial statements or notes thereto, that has arisen since the end of the period, that has significantly affected, or may significantly affect, the operations of the consolidated entity, the results of these operations, or the state of affairs of the consolidated entity in future financial years. Note 30. Parent entity disclosures Current assets Non-current assets Total assets Current liabilities Non-current liabilities Total liabilities Net assets Contributed equity Share based payment Accumulated losses Total equity Loss for the period Total comprehensive income Parent June 2023 $ June 2022 $ 6,806,589 30,245,477 37,052,066 877,221 10,208,015 11,085,236 25,966,830 7,650,332 30,255,800 37,906,131 1,000,468 7,331,243 8,331,711 29,574,420 121,509,323 1,257,455 (96,799,948) 25,966,830 106,763,925 1,157,804 (78,347,309) 29,574,420 (18,452,639) (18,452,639) (6,993,237) (6,993,237) Commitments, Contingencies and Guarantees of the Parent Entity The Parent Entity has no commitments for the acquisition of property, plant and equipment, no contingent assets, contingent liabilities or guarantees at reporting date. 58 Tlou Energy Limited – Annual Report 2023 Directors' declaration In the Directors' opinion: • • • • • the attached financial statements and notes thereto comply with the Corporations Act 2001, the Australian Accounting Standards, the Corporations Regulations 2001 and other mandatory professional reporting requirements; the attached financial statements and notes thereto comply with International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board as described in note 1 to the financial statements; the attached financial statements and notes thereto give a true and fair view of the consolidated entity's financial position as at 30 June 2023 and of its performance for the financial year ended on that date; there are reasonable grounds to believe that the Company will be able to pay its debts as and when they become due and payable; the remuneration report as set out in the directors’ report for the year ended 30 June 2023 comply with section 300A of the Corporations Act 2001; and The directors have been given the declarations by the chief executive officer and chief financial officer required by section 295A of the Corporations Act 2001. Signed in accordance with a resolution of Directors made pursuant to section 295(5) of the Corporations Act 2001. On behalf of the Directors Anthony Gilby Director Brisbane 29 September 2023 59 Tel: +61 7 3237 5999 Fax: +61 7 3221 9227 www.bdo.com.au Level 10, 12 Creek Street Brisbane QLD 4000 GPO Box 457 Brisbane QLD 4001 Australia INDEPENDENT AUDITOR'S REPORT To the members of Tlou Energy Limited Report on the Audit of the Financial Report Opinion We have audited the financial report of Tlou Energy Limited (the Company) and its subsidiaries (the Group), which comprises the consolidated statement of financial position as at 30 June 2023, the consolidated statement of comprehensive income, the consolidated statement of changes in equity and the consolidated statement of cash flows for the year then ended, and notes to the financial report, including a summary of significant accounting policies and the directors’ declaration. In our opinion the accompanying financial report of the Group, is in accordance with the Corporations Act 2001, including: (i) Giving a true and fair view of the Group’s financial position as at 30 June 2023 and of its financial performance for the year ended on that date; and (ii) Complying with Australian Accounting Standards and the Corporations Regulations 2001. Basis for opinion We conducted our audit in accordance with Australian Auditing Standards. Our responsibilities under those standards are further described in the Auditor’s responsibilities for the audit of the Financial Report section of our report. We are independent of the Group in accordance with the Corporations Act 2001 and the ethical requirements of the Accounting Professional and Ethical Standards Board’s APES 110 Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants (including Independence Standards) (the Code) that are relevant to our audit of the financial report in Australia. We have also fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities in accordance with the Code. We confirm that the independence declaration required by the Corporations Act 2001, which has been given to the directors of the Company, would be in the same terms if given to the directors as at the time of this auditor’s report. We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion. Material uncertainty related to going concern We draw attention to Note 1 in the financial report which describes the events and/or conditions which give rise to the existence of a material uncertainty that may cast significant doubt about the group’s ability to continue as a going concern and therefore the group may be unable to realise its assets and discharge its liabilities in the normal course of business. Our opinion is not modified in respect of this matter. BDO Audit Pty Ltd ABN 33 134 022 870 is a member of a national association of independent entities which are all members of BDO Australia Ltd ABN 77 050 110 275, an Australian company limited by guarantee. BDO Audit Pty Ltd and BDO Australia Ltd are members of BDO International Ltd, a UK company limited by guarantee, and form part of the international BDO network of independent member firms. Liability limited by a scheme approved under Professional Standards Legislation. 60 Key audit matters Key audit matters are those matters that, in our professional judgement, were of most significance in our audit of the financial report of the current period. These matters were addressed in the context of our audit of the financial report as a whole, and in forming our opinion thereon, and we do not provide a separate opinion on these matters. In addition to the matter described in the Material uncertainty related to going concern section, we have determined the matters described below to be the key audit matters to be communicated in our report. Carrying value and classification of exploration and evaluation assets Key audit matter How the matter was addressed in our audit Refer to notes 2 and 9 in the financial report. The Group carries exploration and evaluation assets as at 30 June 2023 in relation to the application of the Group’s accounting policy for exploration and evaluation assets. The recoverability and classification of exploration and evaluation asset is a key audit matter due to: • • The significance of the total balance; and The level of procedures undertaken to evaluate management’s application of the requirements of AASB 6 Exploration for and Evaluation of Mineral Resources (‘AASB 6’) in light of any indicators of impairment that may be present. Our procedures included, but were not limited to the following: • • • • Obtaining evidence that the Group has valid rights to explore in the areas represented by the capitalised exploration and evaluation expenditure by obtaining supporting documentation such as license agreements and also considering whether the Group maintains the tenements in good standing; Making enquiries of management with respect to the status of ongoing exploration programs in the respective areas of interest and assessing the Group's cashflow budget for the level of budgeted spend on exploration projects and held discussions with directors of the Group as to their intentions and strategy; Reviewing the current status of the asset to assess whether the classification of the projects as exploration and evaluation assets continues to be valid; and Enquiring of management, reviewing ASX announcements and reviewing directors' minutes to ensure that the Group had not decided to discontinue activities in any applicable areas of interest and to assess whether there are any other facts or circumstances that existed to indicate impairment testing was required. BDO Audit Pty Ltd ABN 33 134 022 870 is a member of a national association of independent entities which are all members of BDO Australia Ltd ABN 77 050 110 275, an Australian company limited by guarantee. BDO Audit Pty Ltd and BDO Australia Ltd are members of BDO International Ltd, a UK company limited by guarantee, and form part of the international BDO network of independent member firms. Liability limited by a scheme approved under Professional Standards Legislation. 61 Other information The directors are responsible for the other information. The other information comprises the information in the Group’s annual report for the year ended 30 June 2023, but does not include the financial report and the auditor’s report thereon. Our opinion on the financial report does not cover the other information and we do not express any form of assurance conclusion thereon. In connection with our audit of the financial report, our responsibility is to read the other information and, in doing so, consider whether the other information is materially inconsistent with the financial report or our knowledge obtained in the audit or otherwise appears to be materially misstated. If, based on the work we have performed, we conclude that there is a material misstatement of this other information, we are required to report that fact. We have nothing to report in this regard. Responsibilities of the directors for the Financial Report The directors of the Company are responsible for the preparation of the financial report that gives a true and fair view in accordance with Australian Accounting Standards and the Corporations Act 2001 and for such internal control as the directors determine is necessary to enable the preparation of the financial report that gives a true and fair view and is free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error. In preparing the financial report, the directors are responsible for assessing the ability of the group to continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going concern and using the going concern basis of accounting unless the directors either intend to liquidate the Group or to cease operations, or has no realistic alternative but to do so. Auditor’s responsibilities for the audit of the Financial Report Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial report as a whole is free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an auditor’s report that includes our opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance, but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with the Australian Auditing Standards will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of this financial report. A further description of our responsibilities for the audit of the financial report is located at the Auditing and Assurance Standards Board website at: https://www.auasb.gov.au/admin/file/content102/c3/ar1_2020.pdf This description forms part of our auditor’s report. BDO Audit Pty Ltd ABN 33 134 022 870 is a member of a national association of independent entities which are all members of BDO Australia Ltd ABN 77 050 110 275, an Australian company limited by guarantee. BDO Audit Pty Ltd and BDO Australia Ltd are members of BDO International Ltd, a UK company limited by guarantee, and form part of the international BDO network of independent member firms. Liability limited by a scheme approved under Professional Standards Legislation. 62 Report on the Remuneration Report Opinion on the Remuneration Report We have audited the Remuneration Report included in pages 13 to 18 of the directors’ report for the year ended 30 June 2023. In our opinion, the Remuneration Report of Tlou Energy Limited, for the year ended 30 June 2023, complies with section 300A of the Corporations Act 2001. Responsibilities The directors of the Company are responsible for the preparation and presentation of the Remuneration Report in accordance with section 300A of the Corporations Act 2001. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Remuneration Report, based on our audit conducted in accordance with Australian Auditing Standards. BDO Audit Pty Ltd R J Liddell Director Brisbane, 29 September 2023 BDO Audit Pty Ltd ABN 33 134 022 870 is a member of a national association of independent entities which are all members of BDO Australia Ltd ABN 77 050 110 275, an Australian company limited by guarantee. BDO Audit Pty Ltd and BDO Australia Ltd are members of BDO International Ltd, a UK company limited by guarantee, and form part of the international BDO network of independent member firms. Liability limited by a scheme approved under Professional Standards Legislation. 63 Tlou Energy Limited – Annual Report 2023 Corporate Governance Statement The Directors (the “Board”) of Tlou Energy Limited (“Tlou Energy” or “the Company”) are committed to the implementation of the highest standards of corporate governance. In determining what these standards should be, the Board references guidance and supports, where appropriate, the 4th edition of the Corporate Governance Principles and Recommendations (“4th Edition Recommendations or ASX Recommendations”) established by the ASX Corporate Governance Council (the “Council”). The Company complies with the corporate governance regime of Australia, being its country of incorporation. In addition, the Directors acknowledge the importance of the guidelines set out in the QCA Guidelines for Smaller Quoted Companies. They therefore intend to comply with the QCA Guidelines so far as is appropriate having regard to the size and nature of the Company and taking into account that it is an Australian company listed on the ASX which complies with existing ASX Recommendations. This statement outlines the key aspects of Tlou Energy’s governance framework and practices. The charters, policies and procedures are reviewed regularly and updated to comply with the law and best practice. This statement contains specific information and discloses the extent to which the Company intends to or is able to follow the 4th Edition Recommendations. The charters and policies of the Company can be viewed on Tlou Energy’s website at www.tlouenergy.com (“website”). The Council’s recommendations are not prescriptive and, if certain recommendations are not appropriate for the Company given its circumstances, it may elect not to adopt that particular practice in limited circumstances. The Company believes that during the reporting period ending 30 June 2023 its practices are taking into account the size and makeup of the Company is largely consistent with those of the 4th Edition Recommendations and where they do not follow a recommendation this statement identifies those that have not been followed and details reasons for non- adherence. Even where there is a deviation from the recommendations the Company continues to review and update its policies and practices in order that it keeps abreast of the growth of the Company, the broadening of its activities, current legislation and good practice. This Corporate Governance statement reports on the main practices of Tlou Energy and is current as at the 25 September 2023 and has been approved by the Board of Directors. Role of the Board (Lay solid foundations for management and oversight) The Board is responsible for ensuring that the Company is managed effectively as well as demonstrating leadership and defining the Company’s strategic objectives. Given the size of the Company and the Board, the Board undertakes an active role in the management of the Company. The Board's role and the Company’s Corporate Governance practices are continually being reviewed and updated to reflect the Company’s circumstances and growth. The Board has adopted a Charter which sets out the responsibilities of the Board, its structure and governance, responsibility for approving the Company’s statement of values and ensuring that the code of conduct to underpin the desired culture within the entity, as well as the matters expressly reserved to the Board and those delegated to management. A copy of the Charter is available on the Company’s website. The Board is responsible for determining the strategic direction and objectives of the Company and overseeing management’s implementation of this strategy and the achievements against these. (ASX Recommendation 1.1) 64 The Board of Directors The Board is currently comprised of five (5) Directors. Details of the Directors who held office during the year under review are namely: Tlou Energy Limited – Annual Report 2023 Name of Director Board Membership Date of Appointment Martin McIver Anthony Gilby Gabaake Gabaake Colm Cloonan Hugh Swire Non-Executive Chairman Managing Director Executive Director Finance Director Non-Executive Director 16 September 2010 23 April 2009 11 March 2015 11 February 2016 22 June 2017 The skills, experience and expertise relevant to the position of each Director are set out in the Directors’ Report of this Annual Report. Prior to the appointment of a person, or putting forward to shareholders a candidate for election, as a director, the Company undertakes checks which it believes are appropriate to verify a director’s character, experience, educations, criminal record and bankruptcy history. The Company will ensure that all material information in its possession relevant to a shareholder’s decision to elect or re-elect a director is provided to shareholder in the Company’s Notice of Annual General Meeting. (ASX Recommendation 1.2) Each executive director and senior executive of Tlou Energy has an agreement in writing with the Company which sets out the key terms and conditions of their appointment including their duties, rights and responsibilities. There are also Letters of Appointment between the Company and all of the non-executive directors. Each of these letters of appointment are with the director personally to ensure that the director or senior executive is personally accountable to the listed entity for any breach of the agreement. These agreements contain provisions that amongst other matters include: • An obligation on the director to disclose his/her interests and any matters which could affect the director’s independence; • a requirement to comply with key corporate policies, including the entity’s code of conduct, its anti-bribery and • corruption policy and its trading policy; the requirement to notify the Company of, or to seek its approval before accepting, any new role that could impact upon the time commitment expected of the director or give rise to a conflict of interest; • details of the Company’s policy on when directors may seek independent professional advice at the expense of the entity; indemnity and insurance arrangements; • • ongoing rights of access to corporate information; and • ongoing confidentiality obligations (ASX Recommendation 1.3) Company Secretary The Company Secretary is directly accountable to the Board through the Chairman who the Company Secretary has a direct line of reporting to. The Company Secretary is responsible for advising the Chairman and the Board to manage the day to day governance framework of the Company. The responsibilities of the Company Secretary are contained in the Board Charter a copy of which is available on the Company’s website. The decision to appoint or remove the Company Secretary must be made or approved by the Board. (ASX Recommendation 1.4) Diversity Policy The Company is committed to creating a fair and inclusive work environment that embraces diversity and recognises its contribution to the Company’s commercial success. Where possible it endeavours to recruit staff from within Botswana. As the Company has a relatively small staff at present, the Board does not believe that any benefit would be obtained setting measurable objectives for achieving gender diversity and has not done so. Neither is the Company a ‘relevant employer’ under the Workplace Gender Equality Act. A copy of the Company’s Diversity Policy can be found on the Company’s website. (ASX Recommendation 1.5) 65 Tlou Energy Limited – Annual Report 2023 Improvement in Board processes and effectiveness is a continuing objective, and the purpose of the annual Board evaluation is to identify ways to improve performance and effectiveness of the Board and its committees. The Board has appointed the Chairman, which it believes is the most suitably qualified to carry out the task, as the person responsible for conducting an annual review of the Board’s performance. This process involves the Chairman circulating to members of the Board a detailed questionnaire on performance indicators and collating the data from the same before discussing with each member of the Board and reviewing performance indicators such as time engaged on Company business, so as to assess the effectiveness of processes structure and contributions made by individual directors. The Managing Director assesses, annually or as necessary, the performance of all key executives. Both qualitative and quantitative measures will be used consistent with performance targets set annually by the Managing Director in consultation with those executives. The Managing Director reports to the Remuneration and Nomination Committee on their performance and the Remuneration and Nomination Committee will then consider any changes to remuneration and the establishment of new performance targets. During the reporting period, a review of the Boards performance was not carried out, however a review is planned in the near term. (ASX Recommendation 1.6) The Board will assess annually or as necessary the performance of the Chief Executive Officer/Managing Director benchmarking his performance against the role description in the employment contract and general industry standards expected of a Managing Director carrying on that role. The Board regularly evaluates management’s performance against various criteria and requires senior executives to address the Board on execution of strategy and associated issues. The Chief Executive Officer reviews the performance of the senior executives annually. Theses evaluations take into account matters such as the achieving of the Company’s objectives and reaching of performance criteria. An executive management review has been carried out for the current reporting period. (ASX Recommendation 1.7) Structure of Board to be Effective and Add Value The Board comprises two non-executive Directors, including the Chairman, and three executive Directors including the Managing Director. The names of the Directors of the Company in office at the date of this report or through the year under review and their qualifications are set out in the section of the Annual Report headed “Directors’ Report”. The composition and size of the Board is determined so as to provide the Company with a broad base of industry, business, technical, administrative, financial and corporate skills and experience considered necessary to achieve the strategic objectives of the Company taking into consideration the size of the Company and the nature of its current operations. The Board has established a Remuneration and Nomination Committee which reviews Board membership. This includes considering what other skills that might be necessary for the Company to reach its strategic objectives. The Committee is now constituted with two independent non-executive directors and is chaired by an independent director which satisfies ASX Recommendation 2.1 in those respects but does not meet the minimum 3 member criteria due to the board not having a third independent non-executive director. If and when a replacement director is appointed, the Board envisages that the person appointed will be an independent non-executive director, who will be able to fill this vacancy. The Board is however of the view that the Committee as it currently exists adequately and successfully fulfills this role, obviating any urgent need to fill the role. A copy of the Remuneration and Nominations Committee Charter is located on the Company’s website. The current Committee’s members, and the number of times that they have met throughout the reporting period and the member’s attendance at those meetings is recorded in the section of the 2023 Annual Report headed “Directors Report”. 66 Tlou Energy Limited – Annual Report 2023 (ASX Recommendation 2.1) Independence The Board considers that, fundamentally, the independence of Directors is based on their capacity to put the best interests of the Company and its shareholders ahead of all other interests, so that Directors are capable of exercising objective independent judgment. When evaluating candidates, the Board has regard to the potential for conflicts of interest, whether actual or perceived, and the extent or materiality of these in the ongoing assessment of director independence. In this regard the Board has regard to the definition of "independence" in the 4th Edition Recommendations. The Board is of the view that the existence of one or more of the relationships in the definition will necessarily result in the relevant Director not being able to be treated as independent, particularly given the criteria outlined above, and in those cases the Company will seek to implement additional safeguards to ensure independence. An overall review of these considerations is conducted by the Board to determine whether individual Directors are independent. Additional policies and practices, such as Directors not being present during discussions or decision making on matters in which they have or could be seen to potentially have a material conflict of interest, as well as Directors being excluded from taking part in the appointment of third party service providers where the Director has an interest, provide further separation and safeguards to independence. The Board has adopted materiality thresholds in relation to independence, which are contained in the Board Charter and summarised below. ASX Recommendation 2.4 requires that a majority of the Board to be independent Directors. Additionally, ASX Recommendation 2.5 requires the Chairman of the Company to be independent. The Council defines ‘independence’ as being a non-executive director who is not a member of management and who is free from any business or other relationship that could materially interfere with or could reasonably be perceived to materially interfere with the independent exercise of their judgment. Based on this definition, two of the Directors could not be considered independent by virtue of them being either executives, substantial shareholders of the Company or Directors or Officers of Companies that are substantial shareholders of the Company. The Chairman (Martin McIver) and High Swire are both considered as independent non-executive directors as they both fall within the Council’s definition of ‘independence’ as being non-executive directors who are not members of management and who are free from any business or other relationship that could materially interfere with or could reasonably be perceived to materially interfere with the independent exercise of their judgment. Notwithstanding that the 4th Edition Recommendations in respect to the composition of the Board are not strictly able to be followed (that being the majority of the Board should be independent and non-executives) the Company believes that it has achieved a sufficient balance, when taking into accounts the other safeguards that are used, to ensure that a independent lens is brought to play when decisions are being made which might give rise to situations of conflict. The Company will continue to restore that balance of board members when the opportunity to do so arises, but it has proved impractical at this juncture to restore the equilibrium or have a majority of independent Directors. While this is the desire of the Board it takes the view that the interests of the Shareholders are at this time best served with the Board's present composition and remains committed to monitoring the situation as the operations and size of the Company evolves and appoint at the appropriate time an appropriately qualified independent director/s as the opportunities and necessity arise. (ASX Recommendation 2.4 and 2.5) If a Board vacancy becomes available it will be the responsibility of the Remuneration and Nomination Committee to identify the skills, experience and diversity that will best complement the Board and will then embark on a process to identify a candidate who can best meet those criteria. A skills matrix has been developed and adopted by the Board to help assess the relevant criteria of candidates. The Directors believe the skill base of the current Directors is appropriate for the Company given its size and stage of development. Detailed below are the professional skills and experience that that Company will and has used to assess the relevant criteria for candidates for appointment to the Board. Board Skills Matrix 67 Tlou Energy Limited – Annual Report 2023 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Accounting & Audit. • ASX Board Membership Experience. • Business Management. • Strategic Planning. • Subsurface Knowledge. • Drilling & Completions Construction & Project Mgmt. • Human Resources. • Operational Experience and HSE • Corporate Governance & Ethics. • Corporate Finance. • Government & Gov Relations (Botswana). • Legal Public Affairs & Communications. • Management Systems & Risk Management • Merger & Acquisitions & Corporate. • External Shareholder Engagement Political Acumen. • Industry Stakeholder Engagement. • Social Licence to Operate. • Foreign Country Operating Experience (ASX Recommendation 2.2) Given the size of the Company there is no formal induction process for new Directors, nor does it have a formal professional development program for existing Directors. The Board does not consider that a formal induction program is necessary given the current size and scope of the Company’s operations. Rather any new Director will be provided with a personalised induction which will be dependent upon the skills and experience that any new Director might possess. Any new Director induction will include comprehensive meetings with senior management and the provision of relevant materials such as all the Company’s policies and procedures as well as instruction in relation to these. All Directors are expected to maintain the skills required to effectively discharge their obligations and are encouraged to undertake continuing professional education such as industry seminars and approved education courses. (ASX Recommendation 2.6) Board Charter The Board operates in accordance with the broad principles set out in its Charter which is regularly reviewed and updated by the Board. It has also adopted a written Code of Conduct which establishes guidelines for its conduct. The purpose of the Code is to ensure that Directors and Executives act honestly, responsibly, legally and ethically and in the best interests of the Company. A copy of the Board Charter can be viewed in the Company’s website. Conflicts of Interest In accordance with the Corporations Act 2001 and the Company’s Constitution, Directors must keep the Board advised on an ongoing basis, of any interest that may lead to a conflict with the interests of the Company. Where the Board believes that there is a significant or material conflict, the Director concerned shall be excluded from all discussions and access to Board papers and the like and shall not be present at any Directors meeting during the consideration or vote on such a matter. Independence of Professional Advice The Board has determined that individual Directors have the right to seek independent professional advice in connection with any of their duties and obligations as Directors of the Company. Before a Director may obtain that advice at the Company’s expense, the Director must obtain the approval of the Chairman who will not unreasonably withhold that 68 consent. If appropriate any advice received will be made available to the full Board. No member of the Board availed him or herself of this entitlement during the year under review. Tlou Energy Limited – Annual Report 2023 Committees Audit Committee, Risk Committee and Remuneration & Nomination Committee The Board delegates specific responsibilities to various Board Sub-Committees. The Board has established the following standing committees: • An Audit Committee, which is responsible for overseeing the external and internal auditing functions of the Company’s activities; • A Risk Committee, which comprises representatives of the Board and staff to advise and assist the Board in assessing risk factors associated with the operation of the Company; and • A Remuneration & Nomination Committee, which is responsible for making recommendations to the Board on recruitment and remuneration packages for executives. The Board has again this year delegated the specific responsibility of overseeing the Company’s audit obligations to the Audit Committee. The Audit Committee is currently made up of the following members: • Hugh Swire – Independent Chair • Martin McIver – Independent Committee Member • Colm Cloonan – Committee Member • Anthony Gilby – Committee Member Instil a Culture of Acting Lawfully, Ethically and Responsibly The Board maintains high standards of ethical conduct and the CEO is responsible for ensuring that high standards of conduct are maintained by all staff. The Company’s reputation as an ethical business organisation is critical to its ongoing success. The Board has adopted a Code of Conduct covering the practices necessary to maintain confidence in the Company’s integrity, the practices necessary to take into account the Company’s legal obligations and reasonable expectations of its stakeholders, and the responsibility and accountability of individuals for reporting and investigating reports of unethical practices. It is not a prescriptive set of rules but rather a practical set of principles giving direction and reflecting the Company’s approach to business conduct. The Company in recognition of the importance of ethical and responsible decision making has adopted a Corporate Code of Conduct which sets out ethical standards and a Code of Conduct to which all Directors, and Senior Executives will adhere whilst conducting their duties. The CEO is responsible for bringing to the attention of the Board any material breaches of the code. (ASX Recommendation 3.1) The Code of Conduct for Director and Senior Executives forms part of this Corporate Code of Conduct. It provides as follows: - All Directors and Senior Executives will: - 1. Actively promote the highest standards of ethics and integrity in carrying out their duties for the Company; 2. Disclose any actual or perceived conflicts of interest of a direct or indirect nature of which they become aware and which they believe could compromise in any way the reputation or performance of the Company; 3. Respect confidentiality of all information of a confidential nature which is acquired in the course of the Company’s business and not disclose or make improper use of such confidential information to any person unless specific authorisation is given for disclosure or disclosure is legally mandated; 69 Tlou Energy Limited – Annual Report 2023 4. Deal with the Company’s suppliers, contractors, competitors and each other with the highest level of honesty, fairness and integrity and to observe the rule and spirit of the legal and regulatory environment in which the Company operates; 5. Report any breach of this code of conduct or other inappropriate or unethical conduct to the appropriate authority within the Group; and 6. This Code of Conduct is in addition to the Code of Conduct for all employees which has been adopted by the Board of the Company. The Company is committed to increasing shareholder value and aims to ensure its shareholders are fully informed as to the true financial position and performance of the Group through timely and accurate disclosure of information and risk management practices and exemplary compliance with the continuous disclosure regime. A copy of the Code of Conduct is available at the Company’s website. (ASX Recommendation 3.1 and 3.2) The Company has adopted in compliance of ASX Listing Rule 12.12 a Policy for Trading in Company Securities which is binding on all Directors, senior management, officers, employees and consultants of the Company. The purpose of this policy is to provide a brief summary of the law on insider trading and other relevant laws, set out the restrictions on dealing in the Company’s securities by people who work for or are associated with Company and assist in maintaining market confidence in the integrity of dealings in Tlou Energy securities. The Policy is posted on the Company’s website to ensure that there is public confidence and understanding of the Company’s policies governing trading by “potential insiders”. All persons covered by the Policy may not deal in the securities of the Company without first seeking and obtaining a written acknowledgement from the Chairman (or in his absence the Company Secretary) or the Company Secretary (or in his absence the Managing Director) prior to any trade, at which time they must confirm that they are not in possession of any unpublished price-sensitive information. The Company Secretary maintains a register of notifications and acknowledgements given in relation to trading in the Company’s securities. The policy was reviewed during the year to ensure that it aligns with the requirements of the ASX Listing Rules and the requirements of other regulatory regimes under which the Company operates (including in respect of its AIM quotation, the AIM Rules for Companies and the Market Abuse Regulations). The Company has adopted both a Whistleblower Policy and Anti-Bribery and Corruption Policy copies of which are available on the Company’s website. These provide inter-alia that any material incidents that are reported under it are referred to the Board for its consideration and if necessary, action. (ASX Recommendations 3.3 and 3.4) Safeguard the Integrity of Corporate Reports In accordance with ASX Recommendation 4.1 the Board has had established for all of the financial year under review an Audit Committee with a Charter that sets out the roles, responsibilities, composition, structure and membership requirements. The primary objective of the Committee is to assist the Board to discharge its responsibilities with regard to: • Monitoring the integrity of the financial statements of the Company, reviewing significant financial reporting judgements; • Reviewing the Company’s internal financial control system; • Monitoring and reviewing the effectiveness of the Company’s internal audit function (if any); • Monitoring and reviewing the external audit function including matters concerning appointment and remuneration, independence and non-audit services; and • Performing such other functions as assigned by law, the Company’s constitution, or the Board. Structure of the Audit Committee and Charter 70 Tlou Energy Limited – Annual Report 2023 ASX Recommendation 4.1 states that the audit committee should have at least 3 members consisting only of non- executive directors, a majority of which should be independent with the Chair of the Committee being one of the independent directors who is not the chair of the Company. During the reporting period, the Committee appointed by the Board did not comply with this recommendation as it comprised then and now of two non-executive Directors and two executive Directors, with the chair of the Committee being an independent Director as prescribed by the ASX Recommendations. Not all of the members of the Audit Committee were non-executive, but those that were non-executives are considered independent. Colm Cloonan and Anthony Gilby are members of the Committee who are executive directors. Hugh Swire, who is an independent non-executive director, is the current Chair of the Committee. Martin McIver is the other Committee member who is an independent non-executive director. Each member of the Audit Committee has an appropriate knowledge of the Company’s affairs and has the financial and business expertise to effectively discharge the duties of the Committee. The members of the Audit Committee by virtue of their professional background experience and personal qualities are well qualified to carry out the functions of the Audit Committee. The members of the Committee have direct access to any employee, the auditors and financial and legal advisers without management present. The Committee meets as often as is required but no less than twice a year. The Committee Chair is obliged to report any significant issues arising from the Committee Meetings at the next meeting of the Board and a copy of the minutes of the Audit Committee meetings are provided to the Board. The Directors report contained in the Company’s annual report to shareholders is to contain a dedicated section that describes the role of the Audit Committee and what action it has taken. The role of the Audit Committee is to: - (a) monitor the integrity of the financial statements of the Company, by reviewing significant financial reporting (b) judgements; review the effectiveness of the Company’s internal financial control system and, unless expressly addressed by a separate Risk Committee or by the Board itself, risk management systems; (c) monitor and review the effectiveness of the Company’s internal audit function; (d) monitor and review the external audit function including matters concerning appointment and remuneration, independence and non-audit services; perform such other functions as assigned by law, the Company’s constitution, or the Board; approve the corporate governance section of the Company’s Annual Report relating to the Committee and its responsibilities; and review compliance with legal and regulatory requirements. (e) (f) (g) The Audit Committee keeps minutes of its meetings and includes them for review at the following Board Meeting. The Audit Committee members’ attendance at meetings as compared to total meetings held is set out in the Directors’ Report contained in the Annual Report. As a matter of practice the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer are required to make declarations in accordance with section 295A of the Corporations Act that the Company’s financial reports present a true and fair view in all material respects of the Company’s financial condition and operational results and are in accordance with relevant accounting standards, and to provide assurance that the declaration is founded on a sound system of risk management and internal control, and that the system is operating effectively in all material respects. (ASX Recommendation 4.2) The external auditors attend the committee meetings at least twice a year and on other occasions where circumstances warrant as well as being available at the Company’s AGM to answer shareholders questions about the conduct of the audit and the preparation and content of the audit report. 71 Tlou Energy Limited – Annual Report 2023 The only periodic finance-based reports that the Company releases each year are the Full Year and Half Year accounts along with the quarterly Appendix 5B’s. The half year and full year accounts are audited and signed off by the Company’s independent external Auditors. While the quarterly Appendix 5B’s are prepared internally, they are done so utilising the same accounting principles and accounts on which the audited half year and full year accounts are prepared and released. Copies of the Quarterly reports are also reviewed by the Auditors as part of the half year and full year audits. Additionally, the Quarterly reports are circulated to the Board as a whole before their release at which time the Board as a whole are invited to comment or raise any questions in respect to the same. These reports are released with the authority of the Board. (ASX Recommendation 4.3) Make Timely and Balanced Disclosure The Company appreciates the considerable importance of communications with Shareholders and the market as a whole. The Company’s communication strategy requires communication with shareholders and investors in an open regular and timely manner so that the shareholders and investors have sufficient information to make informed investment decisions on the operations and results of the Company. The strategy provides for the use of systems that ensure regular and timely release of information about the Company to shareholders. Methods of communication currently employed include: • Shareholder Updates • ASX Announcements • Quarterly Reports • Half Yearly Reports • Annual Reports; and • Shareholder presentations Continuous Disclosure The Company is a “disclosing entity” pursuant to section 111AR of the Corporations Act and, as such, complies with the continuous disclosure requirements of Chapter 3 of the ASX Listing Rules and section 674 of the Corporations Act. In addition, the Company is subject to disclosure obligations in respect of the other markets to which it is admitted to trading which includes inter alia the AIM Rules for Companies and the Market Abuse Regulations. Subject to the applicable exceptions contained in these regulations, the Company is required to disclose to the ASX, BSE and via a regulatory news service in the United Kingdom any information concerning the Company which is not generally available and which a reasonable person would expect to have a material effect on the price or value of the Shares. The Company has adopted an updated Continuous Disclosure Policy in compliance with ASX Recommendation 5.1 and ASX Guidance Note 8: Continuous Disclosure. A copy of the policy can be found on the Company’s website. Each director, employee and consultant engaged by the Company is provided with a copy of the policy while impressing upon them during their onboarding and induction the importance of the principles behind the policy and its application to them in that role. The Company Secretary has primary responsibility for discharging the Company's continuous disclosure obligations to the ASX. All officers and employees must immediately notify the Company Secretary of any material information which may need to be disclosed under Listing Rule 3.1-3.1B. Where uncertainty arises as to the meeting of continuous disclosure obligations, the Company Secretary may seek external legal and professional advice. Under the Company’s policy the Board receives a copy of all material market announcement immediately after they have been made if not beforehand. (ASX Recommendation 5.2) The Officers of the Company are committed to: 72 Tlou Energy Limited – Annual Report 2023 • • Encouraging prompt disclosure of any material information which may need to be disclosed under Listing Rule 3.1-3.1B; and Promoting an understanding of the importance of the continuous disclosure regime throughout the Company. The Company uses its website www.tlouenergy.com as its primary communication tool for distribution of the annual report, market announcements and media disclosures. External communication which may have a material effect on the price or value of the Company’s securities will not be released unless it has been announced previously to the ASX, BSE and via a regulatory news service in the United Kingdom. Effective participation by Shareholders is encouraged at general meetings and procedures have been designed to facilitate this including online proxy voting and the ability of stakeholders to subscribe to receive copies of announcements and reports that are released by the Company. The Policy is also designed to ensure that equality of information among investors is maintained and applies regardless of whether the presentation contains material new information required to be disclosed under listing rule 3.1 through ensuring that copies of all substantive presentations are released to the Market on the ASX Platform. (ASX Recommendations 5.1 and 5.3) Respect the Rights of Security Holders The Company keeps shareholders and other interested parties informed of performance and major developments via communications through its website. This includes details of the Governance framework adopted by the Company including https://tlouenergy.com/corporate_governance/ (ASX Recommendation 6.1) the Corporate Governance Polices and Charters, which is available at: copies of The Company has a Shareholder Communications and Engagement Policy that outlines the processes followed to ensure communication with shareholders and the investment community is effective, consistent and adheres to the principles of continuous disclosure. This is one of the policies available on the Governance page of the Company’s website. (ASX Recommendation 6.2) The policy regarding shareholder communication and engagement sets out the processes the Company has in place to facilitate and encourage the participation of shareholders and other investors at meetings and to engage with management. These include encouraging shareholders to attend the AGM and allowing them to lodge a proxy vote online if they are unable to attend the meeting. (ASX Recommendation 6.3) The Company considers that communicating with shareholders by electronic means is an efficient way to distribute information in a timely and convenient manner. Therefore, its website contains a function to allow interested parties to subscribe to receive electronic notification of public releases and other relevant material concerning the Company and its activities. Where appropriate and considered by the Board to be substantive, material or contentious, Resolutions at the Company’s general meeting will be conducted by Poll rather than a show of hands. The Board considers that it is not necessary, or the cost justified to conduct all resolutions in this manner. (ASX Recommendations 6.4 and 6.5) 73 Tlou Energy Limited – Annual Report 2023 Recognise and Manage Risk The Board is responsible for the oversight of the Company’s risk management. The responsibility and control of risk management is overseen by the Managing Director, with matters delegated to the appropriate level of management within the Company with the Managing Director being responsible for assuring the systems are maintained and complied with. The Company has established a Risk Committee that is focused on ensuring that the Company maintains an effective system of internal control and risk management. The Committee’s structure, roles and responsibilities are detailed in the Risk Committee Charter. Flowing from this, the Company has adopted a Risk Management Policy that governs the Company’s approach to managing financial and non-financial risks. The members of the Risk Committee are appointed by the Board, two of which are to be Board Members. Company personnel are required to attend Risk Committee meetings as and when requested. Specific functions of the Risk Committee are to: - (f) (e) (d) (a) (b) (c) review and oversee the Company's risk profiles as developed and reported by management; identify material business risks and monitor emerging risks and changes in the Company's risk profile; monitor and review the risk management performance of the Company, including conducting specific investigations where deemed necessary; review any legal matters which could significantly impact the Company's risk management and internal control systems, and any significant compliance and reporting issues, including any recent internal regulatory compliance reviews and reports; review the effectiveness of the compliance function at least annually, including the system for monitoring compliance with laws and regulations and the results of management's investigations and follow-ups (including disciplinary action) of any fraudulent acts or non-compliance; be satisfied that all regulatory compliance matters have been considered in the preparation of the Company's official documents; review the findings of any examinations by regulatory agencies and oversee all liaison activities with regulators; review and discuss media releases, ASX announcements and any other information provided to analysts; review corporate legal reports of evidence of a material violation of the Corporations Act, the ASX Listing Rules or breaches of fiduciary duties; review the Company's insurance strategy, including the coverage and limits of the insurance policies, in order to, if thought fit, recommend to the Board for approval; and promote an awareness of a risk based culture in the balance of pursuit of business objectives whilst managing risks. (ASX Recommendation 7.1) (h) (i) (g) (k) (j) The Risk Committee meets whenever necessary, but no less than three times per year, and keeps minutes of its meetings which are included for review at the following Board Meeting. The Company has a qualified Compliance and Risk Manager who has been engaged to oversee the design and implementation of the risk control programme. The Company’s Risk Management Policy requires the Board, being guided by the Risk Committee to at least annually undertake a risk review to determine if the existing risk framework is satisfactory considering the material risks faced by the Company. The Board with the assistance of the Risk Committee has completed a review of the Company’s risk management framework during the year under review and determined that the risk management framework that was in place was satisfactory for the present needs of the Company and that it continues to be sound and that the Company is operating with due regard to the risk appetite set by the board. (ASX Recommendation 7.2) 74 Tlou Energy Limited – Annual Report 2023 The Company does not have a formal internal audit function. However, it has adopted a number of internal controls such as identifying key risks in a Risk Register and managing activities within a budget and operational plan. Management led by the Chief Financial Officer periodically undertakes an internal review of financial systems and processes and where systems are considered to require improvement these systems are developed. Delegations of Authority are reviewed annually by the Audit Committee. The ongoing mitigation and management of financial and operational risks are standing agenda items of the Audit and Risk Committees. The Chief Executive Officer and the Chair of the Audit Committee are responsible for reporting to the Board on a regular basis in relation to whether the Company’s material business risks are being managed effectively by the existing management and internal controls systems. (ASX Recommendation 7.3) The Company undertakes gas exploration activities and as such faces inherent risks to its business, including economic, environmental and social sustainability risks which may materially impact the Company’s ability to create or preserve value for shareholders over the short, medium or long term. The Board is regularly briefed by management as well as keeping itself abreast of possible material exposure to risks that the Company may face. The Company considers that its activities are focused in Botswana on the generation of energy, which in turn will help drive economic growth in the low carbon economy through displacement of carbon intensive coal and diesel with power generation using gas, solar and hydrogen having an enormous potential role to play as the country develops. Of core importance to the Company is safety, which it considers a priority not only in respect to its employees and contractors but also to the community and environment in which it operates. The Company believes that if these matters are priorities then they will act as drivers for value to shareholders. The Company has in place policies and procedures, including a risk management framework, to help manage these risks. (ASX Recommendation 7.4) Remunerate Fairly and Responsibly The Board has established a Remuneration & Nomination Committee. There is no separate Remuneration Committee. Given the size of the Board, the Directors have previously determined that the non-executive Directors would execute the functions of a Remuneration & Nomination Committee and have adopted a Remuneration and Nomination Charter. The Board has agreed that the function of the Remuneration & Nomination Committee will be constituted by a majority of independent non-executive directors. The Board does not believe that any advantage would be achieved at this juncture taking into account the size of the Company and the Board to have a separately constituted Remuneration Committee to carry out this function. The non-executive members of the Board acting in their capacity as a Committee is tasked with ensuring that the Company has remuneration policies and practices which enable it to attract and retain Directors and executives who will best contribute towards achieving positive outcomes for Shareholders. The Company complies with the guidelines for executive remuneration packages and non-executive Director Remuneration as recommended in the ASX Recommendations. The ASX Listing Rules and the Constitution require that the maximum aggregate amount of remuneration to be allocated among the non-executive Directors be approved by the shareholders in a general meeting. In proposing the maximum amount of consideration by shareholders, and in determining the allocation, the Remuneration Committee will take into account the time demands made on Directors and such factors as fees paid to non-executive Directors in comparable Australian companies. A meeting of shareholders held 10 July 2012 saw a resolution passed approving a pool of no more than $500,000 for this purpose. The names of the members of the Remuneration & Nomination Committee and their attendances at the meetings of the Committee (if held) are set out in the Directors Report which forms a part of the Company’s Annual Report. The remuneration paid to Directors and senior executives is shown in the Remuneration Report contained in the Directors’ Report, which includes details on the Company’s remuneration policies. There are no termination and retirement benefits for non-executive Directors other than statutory superannuation entitlements. 75 Tlou Energy Limited – Annual Report 2023 (ASX Recommendation 8.1) The Company’s policies and practices regarding the remuneration of non-executive Directors, executive Directors and senior executives is set out in the Remuneration & Nominations Committee Charter and in the Remuneration Report contained in the 2023 Annual Report. A copy of the Remuneration & Nomination Committee Charter is available on the Company’s website. (ASX Recommendation 8.2) The Company has an equity-based remuneration scheme. The Company’s Policy for Trading in the Company’s Securities does not specifically prohibit Directors entering into transactions or arrangements which would limit the economic risk of unvested entitlements. However, all dealings in the Company’s Securities do need to be first approved by the Company.The Securities Trading Policy is available on the Company’s website. (ASX Recommendation 8.3) Approved by the Board 25 September 2023 76 Tlou Energy Limited – Annual Report 2023 Additional Information 1. Shareholder Information The shareholder information set out below was applicable as at 12 September 2023 and relates to shares held on the ASX, AIM and BSE. 2. Ordinary Share Capital 1,024,583,025 fully paid ordinary shares. 3. Number of Equity Holders Ordinary Share Capital held by 768 shareholders. 4. Voting Rights In accordance with the Company's Constitution, for a show of hands, every shareholder present in person or by a proxy, attorney or representative of a shareholder has one vote and for a poll, every shareholder present in person or by a proxy, attorney or representative has in respect of fully paid shares, one vote for every share held. No class of option holder or performance rights holder has a right to vote, however the shares issued upon exercise of options or performance rights will rank pari passu with the then existing issued fully paid ordinary shares. 5. Distribution of Shareholdings Holdings No. of Holders Units % of Issued Ordinary Capital 1 1,001 5,001 10,001 50,001 100,001 - 1,000 - 5,000 - 10,000 - 50,000 - 100,000 - maximum 49 37 74 202 87 319 768 8,806 108,593 596,510 5,214,233 6,766,265 1,011,888,618 1,024,583,025 0.0% 0.0% 0.1% 0.5% 0.7% 98.8% 100.0% 6. Substantial Shareholders The following information is extracted from the Company’s Register of Substantial Shareholders: ILC Investments Pty Ltd FNB Nominees Re: Vunani BPOPF Investor Group – Anthony Gilby Ordinary Fully Paid Shares Held 357,142,856 47,230,769 50,000,000 % of Issued Ordinary Capital 34.86% 4.61% 4.88% 77 7. The 20 Largest Holders of Ordinary Shares Tlou Energy Limited – Annual Report 2023 ILC Investments Pty Ltd FNBB Nominees Re: Vunani BPOPF Hargreaves Lansdown (Nominees) Limited <15942> Interactive Investor Services Nominees Limited Hargreaves Lansdown (Nominees) Limited Citicorp Nominees Pty Limited Gilby Super Pty Ltd HSDL Nominees Limited Vidacos Nominees Limited The Bank Of New York (Nominees) Limited <672938> Gilby Super Pty Ltd Mitchell Family Investments (Qld) Pty Ltd Lawshare Nominees Limited Kabila Investments Pty Limited Sixth Erra Pty Ltd Barclays Direct Investing Nominees Limited Hargreaves Lansdown (Nominees) Limited Interactive Investor Services Nominees Limited Interactive Investor Services Nominees Limited HSDL Nominees Limited Total Balance of register Grand total 8. Restricted Securities There are no restricted securities at the date of this report. Ordinary Fully Paid Shares Held 357,142,856 47,230,769 42,527,891 39,016,823 29,909,457 20,970,278 19,700,430 17,487,207 16,709,900 16,140,001 15,299,570 14,050,014 13,656,277 12,953,399 12,117,872 10,553,516 10,211,870 9,862,627 9,852,222 8,563,149 723,956,128 300,626,897 1,024,583,025 % of Issued Ordinary Capital 34.86% 4.61% 4.15% 3.81% 2.92% 2.05% 1.92% 1.71% 1.63% 1.58% 1.49% 1.37% 1.33% 1.26% 1.18% 1.03% 1.00% 0.96% 0.96% 0.84% 70.66% 29.34% 100% 9. Interests in Prospecting Licences (PL) and Mining Licence (ML) As at the date of this Report, Tlou Energy Limited had an interest in or is awaiting renewal of the following licences: Licence PL 1/2004 PL 3/2004 PL 35/2000 PL 37/2000 PL 237/2014 PL 238/2014 PL 239/2014 PL 240/2014 PL 241/2014 PL 011/2019 ML 2017/18L Region Lesedi Project (Botswana) Lesedi Project (Botswana) Lesedi Project (Botswana) Lesedi Project (Botswana) Mamba Project (Botswana) Mamba Project (Botswana) Mamba Project (Botswana) Mamba Project (Botswana) Mamba Project (Botswana) Boomslang Project (Botswana) Lesedi Project (Botswana) interest % * 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Operator Tlou Energy Botswana Pty Ltd Tlou Energy Botswana Pty Ltd Tlou Energy Botswana Pty Ltd Tlou Energy Botswana Pty Ltd Tlou Energy Botswana Pty Ltd Tlou Energy Botswana Pty Ltd Tlou Energy Botswana Pty Ltd Tlou Energy Botswana Pty Ltd Tlou Energy Botswana Pty Ltd Tlou Energy Botswana Pty Ltd Tlou Energy Botswana Pty Ltd * The interest shown in each of the licences represents the percentage that Tlou Energy Limited holds in the corporate holder of the licence. 78 

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