UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION Washington, D.C. 20549 FORM 10-K È ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 ‘ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES For the fiscal year ended September 30, 2019 EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the transition period from to Commission File Number 001-32833 TransDigm Group Incorporated (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) Delaware (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) 41-2101738 (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) 1301 East 9th Street, Suite 3000, Cleveland, Ohio (Address of principal executive offices) 44114 (Zip Code) (216) 706-2960 (Registrants’ telephone number, including area code) Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: Title of each class Common Stock, $0.01 par value Trading symbol TDG Name of exchange on which registered New York Stock Exchange Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes È No ‘ Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ‘ No È Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports) and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes È No ‘ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes È No ‘ Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. ‘ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. È Large Accelerated Filer ‘ Non-Accelerated Filer Emerging Growth Company ‘ If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying ‘ Accelerated Filer Smaller Reporting Company ‘ with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ‘ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ‘ No È The aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant as of March 31, 2019, based upon the last sale price of such voting and non-voting common stock on that date, was $24,193,750,882. The number of shares outstanding of TransDigm Group Incorporated’s common stock, par value $.01 per share, was 53,548,349 as of November 17, 2019. Documents incorporated by reference: Certain sections of the registrant’s definitive Proxy Statement to be filed in connection with its 2020 Annual Meeting of Shareholders, are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. TABLE OF CONTENTS PART I ITEM 1 BUSINESS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ITEM 1A RISK FACTORS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ITEM 1B UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ITEM 2 ITEM 3 PART II ITEM 5 ITEM 6 ITEM 7 PROPERTIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . LEGAL PROCEEDINGS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ITEM 7A QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK . . ITEM 8 ITEM 9 FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ITEM 9A CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ITEM 9B OTHER INFORMATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PART III ITEM 10 DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE . . . . . . . ITEM 11 EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ITEM 12 ITEM 13 SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ITEM 14 PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PART IV ITEM 15 EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page 1 8 19 20 22 23 25 32 49 49 50 50 52 52 53 54 54 54 55 84 Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements This report on Form 10-K contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), and 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. Discussions containing such forward-looking statements may be found in Items 1, 1A, 2, 3, 5, 7 and 7A hereof and elsewhere within this Report generally. In addition, when used in this Report, the words “believe,” “may,” “will,” “should,” “expect,” “intend,” “plan,” “predict,” “anticipate,” “estimate” or “continue” and other words and terms of similar meaning are intended to identify forward-looking statements. Although the Company (as defined below) believes that its plans, intentions and expectations reflected in or suggested by such forward-looking statements are reasonable, such forward-looking statements are subject to a number of risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from the forward-looking statements made in this Report. The more important of such risks and uncertainties are set forth under the caption “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this Report. Many such factors are outside the control of the Company. Consequently, such forward-looking statements should be regarded solely as our current plans, estimates and beliefs. We do not undertake, and specifically decline, any obligation, to publicly release the results of any revisions to these forward-looking statements that may be made to reflect any future events or circumstances after the date of such statements or to reflect the occurrence of anticipated or unanticipated events. All forward-looking statements attributable to the Company or persons acting on its behalf are expressly qualified in their entirety by these cautionary statements. Important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from the forward-looking statements made in this Annual Report on Form 10-K include but are not limited to: the sensitivity of our business to the number of flight hours that our customers’ planes spend aloft and our customers’ profitability, both of which are affected by general economic conditions; future geopolitical or worldwide events; cyber-security threats and natural disasters; our reliance on certain customers; the U.S. defense budget and risks associated with being a government supplier including government audits and investigations; failure to maintain government or industry approvals; failure to complete or successfully integrate acquisitions, including our acquisition of Esterline; our indebtedness; potential environmental liabilities; liabilities arising in connection with litigation; increases in raw material costs, taxes and labor costs that cannot be recovered in product pricing; risks and costs associated with our international sales and operations; and other risk factors. In this report, the term “TD Group” refers to TransDigm Group Incorporated, which holds all of the outstanding capital stock of TransDigm Inc. The terms “Company,” “TransDigm,” “we,” “us,” “our” and similar terms, unless the context otherwise requires, refer to TD Group, together with TransDigm Inc. and its wholly- owned and majority-owned subsidiaries for which it has a controlling interest. References to “fiscal year” mean the year ending or ended September 30. For example, “fiscal year 2019” or “fiscal 2019” means the period from October 1, 2018 to September 30, 2019. PART I ITEM 1. BUSINESS The Company TransDigm Inc. was formed in 1993 in connection with a leveraged buyout transaction. TD Group was formed in 2003 to facilitate a leveraged buyout of TransDigm Inc. The Company was owned by private equity funds until its initial public offering in 2006. TD Group’s common stock is publicly traded on the New York Stock Exchange, or NYSE, under the ticker symbol “TDG.” We believe we are a leading global designer, producer and supplier of highly engineered aircraft components for use on nearly all commercial and military aircraft in service today. Our business is well diversified due to the broad range of products we offer to our customers. We estimate that approximately 90% of our net sales for fiscal year 2019 were generated by proprietary products. In addition for fiscal year 2019, we estimate that we generated approximately 80% of our net sales from products in which we are the sole source provider. 1 Most of our products generate significant aftermarket revenue. Once our parts are designed into and sold on a new aircraft, we generate net sales from aftermarket consumption over the life of that aircraft, which is generally estimated to be approximately 25 to 30 years. A typical platform can be produced for 20 to 30 years, giving us an estimated product life cycle in excess of 50 years. We estimate that approximately 52% of our net sales in fiscal year 2019 were generated from aftermarket sales, the vast majority of which come from the commercial and military aftermarkets. These aftermarket revenues have historically produced a higher gross margin and been more stable than sales to original equipment manufacturers, or OEMs. Products We primarily design, produce and supply highly engineered proprietary aerospace components (and certain systems/subsystems) with significant aftermarket content. We seek to develop highly customized products to solve specific needs for aircraft operators and manufacturers. We attempt to differentiate ourselves based on engineering, service and manufacturing capabilities. We typically choose not to compete for non-proprietary “build to print” business because it frequently offers lower margins than proprietary products. We believe that our products have strong brand names within the industry and that we have a reputation for high quality, reliability and strong customer support. Our business is well diversified due to the broad range of products that we offer to our customers. Some of our more significant product offerings, substantially all of which are ultimately provided to end-users in the aerospace industry, include mechanical/electro-mechanical actuators and controls, ignition systems and engine technology, specialized pumps and valves, power conditioning devices, specialized AC/DC electric motors and generators, NiCad batteries and chargers, engineered latching and locking devices, rods and locking devices, engineered connectors and elastomers, databus and power controls, cockpit security components and systems, specialized cockpit displays, aircraft audio systems, specialized lavatory components, seat belts and safety restraints, engineered interior surfaces and related components, advanced sensor products, switches and relay panels, advanced displays, thermal protection and insulation, lighting and control technology, military personnel parachutes, high performance hoists, winches and lifting devices, and cargo loading, handling and delivery systems. Acquisition of Esterline Technologies Corporation On March 14, 2019, TransDigm completed the acquisition of all the outstanding stock of Esterline Technologies Corporation (“Esterline”) for $122.50 per share in cash, plus the repayment of Esterline debt. The purchase price, net of cash acquired of approximately $398.2 million, totaled approximately $3,923.9 million. Of the $3,923.9 million purchase price, $3,536.3 million was paid at closing and the remaining $387.6 million was classified as restricted cash for the redemption of Esterline’s outstanding senior notes due 2023 (herein the “2023 Notes”). The 2023 Notes were redeemed on April 15, 2019. Esterline, through its subsidiaries, is an industry leader in specialized manufacturing for the aerospace and defense industry, primarily within three core disciplines: advanced materials, avionics and controls and sensors and systems. The acquisition of Esterline expands TransDigm’s platform of proprietary and sole source content for the aerospace and defense industry and the Esterline products have significant aftermarket exposure. For further details on the acquisitions and divestitures that occurred during fiscal 2019, refer to Note 2, “Acquisitions and Divestitures,” to the consolidated financial statements included herein. Segments The Company’s businesses are organized and managed in three reporting segments: Power & Control, Airframe and Non-aviation. The Power & Control segment includes operations that primarily develop, produce and market systems and components that predominately provide power to or control power of the aircraft utilizing electronic, fluid, power 2 and mechanical motion control technologies. Major product offerings include mechanical/electro-mechanical actuators and controls, ignition systems and engine technology, specialized pumps and valves, power conditioning devices, specialized AC/DC electric motors and generators, databus and power controls, advanced sensor products, switches and relay panels, high performance hoists, winches and lifting devices and cargo loading and handling systems. Primary customers of this segment are engine and power system and subsystem suppliers, airlines, third party maintenance suppliers, military buying agencies and repair depots. Products are sold in the original equipment and aftermarket market channels. The Airframe segment includes operations that primarily develop, produce and market systems and components that are used in non-power airframe applications utilizing airframe and cabin structure technologies. Major product offerings include engineered latching and locking devices, rods and locking devices, engineered connectors and elastomers, cockpit security components and systems, aircraft audio systems, specialized lavatory components, seat belts and safety restraints, engineered interior surfaces and related components, advanced displays, thermal protection, lighting and control technology, military personnel parachutes and cargo delivery systems. Primary customers of this segment are airframe manufacturers and cabin system suppliers and subsystem suppliers, airlines, third party maintenance suppliers, military buying agencies and repair depots. Products are sold in the original equipment and aftermarket market channels. The Non-aviation segment includes operations that primarily develop, produce and market products for non-aviation markets. Major product offerings include seat belts and safety restraints for ground transportation applications, mechanical/electro-mechanical actuators and controls for space applications, hydraulic/ electromechanical actuators and fuel valves for land based gas turbines, and refueling systems for heavy equipment used in mining, construction and other industries and turbine controls for the energy and oil and gas markets. Primary customers of this segment are off-road vehicle suppliers and subsystem suppliers, child restraint system suppliers, satellite and space system suppliers, manufacturers of heavy equipment used in mining, construction and other industries and turbine original equipment manufacturers, gas pipeline builders and electric utilities. The Esterline businesses were acquired towards the end of the second quarter of fiscal 2019 and preliminarily assessed as a separate segment of the Company. During the third quarter of fiscal 2019, the Esterline businesses were integrated into TransDigm’s existing Power & Control, Airframe and Non-aviation segments. For financial information about our segments, see Note 17, “Segments,” to the consolidated financial statements included herein. Sales and Marketing Consistent with our overall strategy, our sales and marketing organization is structured to continually develop technical solutions that meet customer needs. In particular, we attempt to focus on products and programs that will lead to high-margin, repeatable sales in the aftermarket. We have structured our sales efforts along our major product offerings, assigning a business unit manager to certain products. Each business unit manager is expected to grow the sales and profitability of the products for which he or she is responsible and to achieve the targeted annual level of bookings, sales, new business and profitability for such products. The business unit managers are assisted by account managers and sales engineers who are responsible for covering major OEM and aftermarket accounts. Account managers and sales engineers are expected to be familiar with the personnel, organization and needs of specific customers to achieve total bookings and new business goals for each account and, together with the business unit managers, to determine when additional resources are required at customer locations. Most of our sales personnel are evaluated, in part, on their bookings and their ability to identify and obtain new business opportunities. 3 Though typically performed by employees, the account manager function may be performed by independent representatives depending on the specific customer, product and geographic location. We also use a number of distributors to provide logistical support as well as serve as a primary customer contact with certain smaller accounts. Our major distributors are Aviall, Inc. (a subsidiary of The Boeing Company) and Satair A/S (a subsidiary of Airbus S.A.S.). Manufacturing and Engineering We maintain approximately 110 manufacturing facilities. Most of our manufacturing facilities are comprised of manufacturing, distribution and engineering functions, and most facilities have certain administrative functions, including management, sales and finance. We continually strive to improve productivity and reduce costs, including rationalization of operations, developing improved control systems that allow for accurate accounting and reporting, investing in equipment, tooling, information systems and implementing broad-based employee training programs. Management believes that our manufacturing systems and equipment contribute to our ability to compete by permitting us to meet the rigorous tolerances and cost sensitive price structure of aircraft component customers. We attempt to differentiate ourselves from our competitors by producing uniquely engineered products with high quality and timely delivery. Our engineering costs are recorded in cost of sales and in selling and administrative expenses in our consolidated statements of income. Research and development costs are recorded in selling and administrative expenses in our consolidated statements of income. The aggregate of engineering expense and research and development expense represents approximately 9% of our operating units’ aggregate costs, or approximately 5% of our consolidated net sales for fiscal year 2019. Our proprietary products, and particularly our new product initiatives, are designed by our engineers and are intended to serve the needs of the aircraft component industry. These proprietary designs must withstand the extraordinary conditions and stresses that will be endured by products during use and meet the rigorous demands of our customers’ tolerance and quality requirements. We use sophisticated equipment and procedures to comply with quality requirements, specifications and Federal Aviation Administration (“FAA”) and OEM requirements. We perform a variety of testing procedures as required by our customers, such as testing under different temperature, humidity and altitude levels, flammability testing, shock and vibration testing and X-ray fluorescent measurement. These procedures, together with other customer approved techniques for document, process and quality control, are used throughout our manufacturing facilities. Refer to Note 3, “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies,” to the consolidated financial statements included herein with respect to total costs of research and development. Customers We predominantly serve customers in the commercial, regional, business jet and general aviation aftermarket, which accounts for approximately 32% of total sales; the commercial aerospace OEM market, comprising large commercial transport manufacturers and regional and business jet manufacturers, which accounts for approximately 26% of total sales; and the defense market, which accounts for approximately 37% of total sales. Non-aerospace sales comprise approximately 5% of our total sales. Our customers include: (1) distributors of aerospace components; (2) worldwide commercial airlines, including national and regional airlines; (3) large commercial transport and regional and business aircraft OEMs; (4) various armed forces of the United States and friendly foreign governments; (5) defense OEMs; (6) system suppliers; and (7) various other industrial customers. For the fiscal year ended September 30, 2019, The Boeing Company (which includes Aviall, Inc., a distributor of commercial aftermarket parts to airlines throughout the world) accounted for approximately 11% of our net sales. Our top ten customers for fiscal year 2019 accounted for approximately 42% of our net sales. Products supplied to many of our customers are used on multiple platforms. 4 The markets in which we sell our products are, to varying degrees, cyclical and have experienced upswings and downturns. The demand for our commercial aftermarket parts and services depends on, among other things, the breadth of our installed OEM base, revenue passenger miles (“RPMs”), the size and age of the worldwide aircraft fleet, the percentage of the worldwide fleet that is in warranty, and airline profitability. The demand for defense products is specifically dependent on government budget trends, military campaigns and political pressures. Competition The niche markets within the aerospace industry that we serve are relatively fragmented and we face several competitors for many of the products and services we provide. Due to the global nature of the commercial aircraft industry, competition in these categories comes from both U.S. and foreign companies. Competitors in our product offerings range in size from divisions of large public corporations to small privately-held entities with only one or two components in their entire product portfolios. We compete on the basis of engineering, manufacturing and marketing high quality products, which we believe meet or exceed the performance and maintenance requirements of our customers, consistent and timely delivery, and superior customer service and support. The industry’s stringent regulatory, certification and technical requirements and the investments necessary in the development and certification of products may create disincentives for potential new competitors for certain products. If customers receive products that meet or exceed expectations and performance standards, we believe that they will have a reduced incentive to certify another supplier because of the cost and time of the technical design and testing certification process. In addition, we believe that the availability, dependability and safety of our products are reasons for our customers to continue long-term supplier relationships. Government Contracts Companies engaged in supplying defense-related equipment and services to U.S. Government agencies are subject to business risks specific to the defense industry. These risks include the ability of the U.S. Government to unilaterally: (1) suspend us from receiving new contracts; (2) terminate existing contracts; (3) reduce the value of existing contracts; (4) audit our contract-related costs and fees, including allocated indirect costs; (5) control and potentially prohibit the export of our products; and (6) seek repayment of contract related payments under certain circumstances. Violations of government procurement laws could result in civil or criminal penalties. Governmental Regulation The commercial aircraft component industry is highly regulated by the FAA in the United States and by the Joint Aviation Authorities in Europe and other agencies throughout the world, while the military aircraft component industry is governed by military quality specifications. We, and the components we manufacture, are required to be certified by one or more of these entities or agencies, and, in many cases, by individual OEMs, in order to engineer and service parts and components used in specific aircraft models. We must also satisfy the requirements of our customers, including OEMs and airlines that are subject to FAA regulations, and provide these customers with products and services that comply with the government regulations applicable to commercial flight operations. In addition, the FAA requires that various maintenance routines be performed on aircraft components. We believe that we currently satisfy or exceed these maintenance standards in our repair and overhaul services. We also maintain several FAA approved repair stations. In addition, our businesses are subject to many other laws and requirements typically applicable to manufacturers and exporters. Without limiting the foregoing, sales of many of our products that will be used on aircraft owned by foreign entities are subject to compliance with export control laws and the manufacture of our products and the operations of our businesses, including the disposal of hazardous wastes, are subject to compliance with applicable environmental laws. 5 Market Channels The commercial aerospace industry, including the aftermarket and OEM market, is impacted by the health of the global economy and geopolitical events around the world. The commercial aerospace industry has shown strength with increases in revenue passenger miles, or RPMs, since 2010, and positive growth continued through 2019 with increase in RPMs , as well as general growth in the large commercial OEM sector (aircraft with 100 or more seats) with order announcements by The Boeing Company and Airbus S.A.S leading to planned increases in production. The primary exception to this was the production rate decrease on the Boeing 737 MAX, although not material to TransDigm’s financial results. The 2020 leading indicators or industry consensus suggest a continuation of current trends in the commercial transport market sector supported by continued RPM growth and increases in production at the OEM level. The defense aerospace market is dependent on government budget constraints, the timing of orders, political pressures and the extent of global conflicts. It is not necessarily affected by general economic conditions that affect the commercial aerospace industry. Our presence in both the commercial aerospace and military sectors of the aerospace industry may mitigate the impact on our business of any specific industry risk. We service a diversified customer base in the commercial and military aerospace industry, and we provide components to a diverse installed base of aircraft, which mitigates our exposure to any individual airframe platform. At times, declines in sales in one channel have been offset by increased sales in another channel. However, due to differences between the profitability of our products sold to OEM and aftermarket customers, variation in product mix can cause variation in gross margin. There are many short-term factors (including inventory corrections, unannounced changes in order patterns, strikes, facility shutdowns caused by fires, hurricanes or other incidents and mergers and acquisitions) that can cause short-term disruptions in our quarterly shipment patterns as compared to previous quarters and the same periods in prior years. As such, it can be difficult to determine longer-term trends in our business based on quarterly comparisons. To normalize for short-term fluctuations, we tend to look at our performance over several quarters or years of activity rather than discrete short-term periods. There are also fluctuations in OEM and aftermarket ordering and delivery requests from quarter-to-quarter, as well as variations in product mix from quarter-to-quarter, that may cause positive or negative variations in gross profit margins since commercial aftermarket sales have historically produced a higher gross margin than sales to commercial OEMs. Again, in many instances these are timing events between quarters and must be balanced with macro aerospace industry indicators. Commercial Aftermarket The key growth factors in the commercial aftermarket include worldwide RPMs and the size and activity level of the worldwide fleet of aircraft and the percentage of the fleet that is in warranty. Commercial OEM Market The commercial transport market sector, the largest sector in the commercial OEM market, declined in 2019 primarily due to the 737 MAX production rate cuts at The Boeing Company. However, the rate cuts did not have a material impact on our commercial OEM revenue as our revenue growth outperformed the general market. Our commercial transport OEM shipments and revenues generally run ahead of The Boeing Company and Airbus S.A.S airframe delivery schedules. As a result and consistent with prior years, our fiscal 2020 shipments will be a function of, among other things, the estimated 2020 and 2021 commercial airframe production rates. We have been experiencing increased sales in the large commercial OEM sector (aircraft with 100 or more seats) driven by an increase in production by The Boeing Company and Airbus S.A.S tied to previous order announcements. Industry consensus indicates this production increase will continue in 2020 but may begin to moderate or modestly decline in 2021. 6 Defense Our military business fluctuates from year to year, and is dependent, to a degree, on government budget constraints, the timing of orders, macro and micro dynamics with respect to Department of Defense procurement policy and the extent of global conflicts. For a variety of reasons, the military spending outlook is very uncertain. For planning purposes, we assume that military-related sales of our types of products to be flat in future years over the recent high levels. Raw Materials We require the use of various raw materials in our manufacturing processes. We also purchase a variety of manufactured component parts from various suppliers. We also purchase replacement parts, which are utilized in our various repair and overhaul operations. At times, we concentrate our orders among a few suppliers in order to strengthen our supplier relationships. Most of our raw materials and component parts are generally available from multiple suppliers at competitive prices. Intellectual Property We have various trade secrets, proprietary information, trademarks, trade names, patents, copyrights and other intellectual property rights, which we believe, in the aggregate but not individually, are important to our business. Backlog As of September 30, 2019, the Company estimated its sales order backlog at $3,437 million compared to an estimated sales order backlog of $2,026 million as of September 30, 2018. The increase in backlog is due to growth from recent acquisitions, particularly the Esterline acquisition, and organic growth in the commercial aftermarket, commercial OEM and defense markets. The majority of the purchase orders outstanding as of September 30, 2019 are scheduled for delivery within the next twelve months. Purchase orders may be subject to cancellation or deferral by the customer prior to shipment. The level of unfilled purchase orders at any given date during the year will be materially affected by the timing of the Company’s receipt of purchase orders and the speed with which those orders are filled. Accordingly, the Company’s backlog as of September 30, 2019 may not necessarily represent the actual amount of shipments or sales for any future period. Foreign Operations Although we manufacture a significant portion of our products in the United States, we manufacture some products in Belgium, Canada, China, the Dominican Republic, France, Germany, Hong Kong, Hungary, India, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, Morocco, Norway, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Sweden and the United Kingdom. Although the majority of sales of our products are made to customers (including distributors) located in the United States, our products are ultimately sold to and used by customers (including airlines and other end users of aircraft) throughout the world. A number of risks inherent in international operations could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, including currency fluctuations, difficulties in staffing and managing multi-national operations, general economic and political uncertainties and potential for social unrest in countries in which we operate, limitations on our ability to enforce legal rights and remedies, restrictions on the repatriation of funds, change in trade policies, tariff regulation, difficulties in obtaining export and import licenses and the risk of government financed competition. Environmental Matters Our operations and facilities are subject to a number of federal, state, local and foreign environmental laws and regulations that govern, among other things, discharges of pollutants into the air and water, the generation, 7 handling, storage and disposal of hazardous materials and wastes, the remediation of contamination and the health and safety of our employees. Environmental laws and regulations may require that the Company investigate and remediate the effects of the release or disposal of materials at sites associated with past and present operations. Certain facilities and third-party sites utilized by the Company have been identified as potentially responsible parties under the federal superfund laws and comparable state laws. The Company is currently involved in the investigation and remediation of a number of sites under applicable laws. For information regarding environmental accruals, see Note 15, “Environmental Liabilities,” to the consolidated financial statements included herein. Employees As of September 30, 2019, we had approximately 18,300 full-time, part-time and temporary employees from business units in continuing operations. Approximately 18% of our full-time and part-time employees were represented by labor unions. Collective bargaining agreements between us and these labor unions expire at various dates ranging from November 2019 to May 2023. We consider our relationship with our employees generally to be satisfactory. Available Information TD Group’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and Current Reports on Form 8-K, including any amendments, will be made available free of charge on the Company’s website, www.transdigm.com, as soon as reasonably practicable, following the filing of the reports with the Securities and Exchange Commission. In addition, the Company’s website allows investors and other interested persons to sign up to automatically receive e-mail alerts when news releases and financial information is posted on the website. The SEC also maintains a website, www.sec.gov, that contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC. The information on or obtainable through our website is not incorporated into this Annual Report on Form 10-K. ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS Set forth below are important risks and uncertainties that could negatively affect our business and financial condition and could cause our actual results to differ materially from those expressed in forward-looking statements contained in this report. Our commercial business is sensitive to the number of flight hours that our customers’ planes spend aloft, the size and age of the worldwide aircraft fleet and our customers’ profitability. These items are, in turn, affected by general economic and geopolitical and other worldwide conditions. Our commercial business is directly affected by, among other factors, changes in revenue passenger miles (RPMs), the size and age of the worldwide aircraft fleet, the percentage of the fleet that is out-of-warranty and changes in the profitability of the commercial airline industry. RPMs and airline profitability have historically been correlated with the general economic environment, although national and international events also play a key role. For example, in the past, the airline industry has been severely affected by the downturn in the global economy, higher fuel prices, the increased security concerns among airline customers following the events of September 11, 2001, the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) epidemic, and the conflicts abroad, and could be impacted by future geopolitical or other worldwide events, such as war, terrorist acts, or a worldwide infectious disease outbreak. In addition, global market and economic conditions have been challenging with turbulence in the U.S. and international markets and economies and have prolonged declines in business and consumer spending. As a result of the substantial reduction in airline traffic resulting from these events, the airline industry incurred large losses and financial difficulties. Some carriers have also parked or retired a portion of their fleets and have reduced workforces and flights. During periods of reduced airline profitability, some airlines may delay purchases of spare parts, preferring instead to deplete existing inventories, and delay 8 refurbishments and discretionary spending. If demand for spare parts decreases, there would be a decrease in demand for certain of our products. An adverse change in demand could impact our results of operations, collection of accounts receivable and our expected cash flow generation from current and acquired businesses which may adversely impact our financial condition and access to capital markets. Our sales to manufacturers of aircraft are cyclical, and a downturn in sales to these manufacturers may adversely affect us. Our sales to manufacturers of large commercial aircraft, such as The Boeing Company, Airbus S.A.S, and related OEM suppliers, as well as manufacturers of business jets (which collectively accounted for approximately 26% of our net sales in fiscal year 2019) have historically experienced periodic downturns. In the past, these sales have been affected by airline profitability, which is impacted by, among other things, fuel and labor costs, price competition, interest rates, downturns in the global economy and national and international events. In addition, sales of our products to manufacturers of business jets are impacted by, among other things, downturns in the global economy. Downturns adversely affect our net sales, gross margin and net income. We rely heavily on certain customers for much of our sales. Our largest customer for fiscal year 2019 was The Boeing Company (which includes Aviall, Inc.). The Boeing Company accounted for approximately 11% of our net sales in fiscal year 2019. Our top ten customers for fiscal year 2019 accounted for approximately 42% of our net sales. A material reduction in purchasing by one of our larger customers for any reason, including but not limited to economic downturn, decreased production, strike or resourcing, could have a material adverse effect on our net sales, gross margin and net income. In 2019, The Boeing Company announced a production rate decrease on the Boeing 737 MAX from 52 to 42 airplanes per month. The Company does not anticipate the current production rate decrease to have a material impact on the Company’s financial results. We generally do not have guaranteed future sales of our products. Further, when we enter into fixed price contracts with some of our customers, we take the risk for cost overruns. As is customary in our business, we do not generally have long-term contracts with most of our aftermarket customers and, therefore, do not have guaranteed future sales. Although we have long-term contracts with many of our OEM customers, many of those customers may terminate the contracts on short notice and, in most cases, our customers have not committed to buy any minimum quantity of our products. In addition, in certain cases, we must anticipate the future volume of orders based upon the historic purchasing patterns of customers and upon our discussions with customers as to their anticipated future requirements, and this anticipated future volume of orders may not materialize. We also have entered into multi-year, fixed-price contracts with some of our customers, pursuant to which we have agreed to perform the work for a fixed price and, accordingly, realize all the benefit or detriment resulting from any decreases or increases in the costs of making these products. Sometimes we accept a fixed- price contract for a product that we have not yet produced, and this increases the risk of cost overruns or delays in the completion of the design and manufacturing of the product. Most of our contracts do not permit us to recover increases in raw material prices, taxes or labor costs. U.S. military spending is dependent upon the U.S. defense budget. The military and defense market is significantly dependent upon government budget trends, particularly the U.S. Department of Defense (the “DOD”) budget. In addition to normal business risks, our supply of products to the United States Government is subject to unique risks largely beyond our control. DOD budgets could be negatively impacted by several factors, including, but not limited to, a change in defense spending policy by the current presidential administration, the U.S. Government’s budget deficits, spending priorities, the cost of 9 sustaining the U.S. military presence internationally and possible political pressure to reduce U.S. Government military spending, each of which could cause the DOD budget to remain unchanged or to decline. A significant decline in U.S. military expenditures could result in a reduction in the amount of our products sold to the various agencies and buying organizations of the U.S. Government. We intend to pursue acquisitions. Our business may be adversely affected if we cannot consummate acquisitions on satisfactory terms, or if we cannot effectively integrate acquired operations. A significant portion of our growth has occurred through acquisitions. Any future growth through acquisitions will be partially dependent upon the continued availability of suitable acquisition candidates at favorable prices and upon advantageous terms and conditions. We intend to pursue acquisitions that we believe will present opportunities consistent with our overall business strategy. However, we may not be able to find suitable acquisition candidates to purchase or may be unable to acquire desired businesses or assets on economically acceptable terms or may be unable to receive necessary regulatory approvals or support. In addition, we may not be able to raise the capital necessary to fund future acquisitions. Because we may actively pursue a number of opportunities simultaneously, we may encounter unforeseen expenses, complications and delays, including regulatory complications or difficulties in employing sufficient staff and maintaining operational and management oversight. We regularly engage in discussions with respect to potential acquisition and investment opportunities. If we consummate an acquisition, our capitalization and results of operations may change significantly. Future acquisitions could result in margin dilution and further likely result in the incurrence of additional debt and contingent liabilities and an increase in interest and amortization expenses or periodic impairment charges related to goodwill and other intangible assets as well as significant charges relating to integration costs. Acquisitions involve risks that the businesses acquired will not perform in accordance with expectations and that business judgments concerning the value, strengths and weaknesses of businesses acquired will prove incorrect. In addition, we may not be able to successfully integrate any business we acquire into our existing business. The successful integration of new businesses depends on our ability to manage these new businesses and cut excess costs. The successful integration of future acquisitions may also require substantial attention from our senior management and the management of the acquired business, which could decrease the time that they have to service, attract customers and develop new products and services or attend to other acquisition opportunities. We are subject to many of the foregoing risks in connection with our acquisition of Esterline completed in March 2019, and these risks may be exacerbated due to the scale and complexity of that acquisition as compared to our recent acquisitions. The acquisition has required and will continue to require extensive integration efforts. These efforts could result in significant unforeseen costs and require substantial attention from our senior management. If we are unable to successfully integrate Esterline or the acquisition otherwise does not perform to our expectations, our results of operations and financial condition may be adversely affected. It is also possible that the substantial management attention required by, and the indebtedness incurred in connection with the transaction could cause us to forgo other acquisition opportunities, particularly if we encounter unexpected costs or the acquisition otherwise does not perform to our expectations. We are subject to certain unique business risks as a result of supplying equipment and services to the U.S. Government. Companies engaged in supplying defense-related equipment and services to U.S. Government agencies, whether through direct contracts with the U.S. government or a as a subcontractor to customers contracting with the U.S. government, are subject to business risks specific to the defense industry. These risks include the ability of the U.S. Government to unilaterally: • suspend us from receiving new contracts based on alleged violations of procurement laws or regulations; 10 • • • • terminate existing contracts; revoke required security clearances; reduce the value of existing contracts; and audit our contract-related costs and fees, including allocated indirect costs. Most of our U.S. Government contracts can be terminated by the U.S. Government at its convenience without significant notice. Termination for convenience provisions provide only for our recovery of costs incurred or committed, settlement expenses and profit on the work completed prior to termination. On contracts for which the price is based on cost, the U.S. Government may review our costs and performance, as well as our accounting and general business practices. Based on the results of such audits, the U.S. Government may adjust our contract-related costs and fees, including allocated indirect costs. In addition, under U.S. Government purchasing regulations, some of our costs, including most financing costs, amortization of intangible assets, portions of research and development costs, and certain marketing expenses may not be subject to reimbursement. Furthermore, even where the price is not based on cost, the U.S. Government may seek to review our costs to determine whether our pricing is “fair and reasonable.” Our subsidiaries are periodically subject to pricing reviews and government buying agencies that purchase some of our subsidiaries’ products are periodically subject to audits by the DOD Office of Inspector General (“OIG”) with respect to prices paid for such products. In the third quarter of fiscal 2019, we voluntarily refunded $16 million to the U.S. government following an OIG audit, and another OIG audit is underway. In addition, our defense-related business is the subject of an ongoing Congressional inquiry by the House Oversight Committee. Pricing reviews and government audits, including the audit underway, and the Congressional inquiry are costly and time consuming for our management and could distract from our ability to effectively manage the business. As a result of these reviews, audits and inquiries, we could be subject to providing further refunds to the U.S. Government or we could be asked to enter into an arrangement whereby our prices would be based on cost, the DOD could seek to pursue alternative sources of supply for our parts, or the U.S. government could take other adverse actions with respect to our contracts. Any of those occurrences could lead to a reduction in our revenue from, or the profitability of certain of our supply arrangements with, certain agencies and buying organizations of the U.S. Government. If a government inquiry or investigation uncovers improper or illegal activities, we could be subject to civil or criminal penalties or administrative sanctions, including contract termination, fines, forfeiture of fees, suspension of payment and suspension or debarment from doing business with U.S. government agencies, any of which could materially adversely affect our reputation, business, financial condition and results of operations. Moreover, U.S. Government purchasing regulations contain a number of additional operational requirements, which do not apply to entities not engaged in government contracting. Failure to comply with such government contracting requirements could result in civil and criminal penalties that could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations. Our business may be adversely affected if we would lose our government or industry approvals or if more stringent government regulations are enacted or if industry oversight is increased. The aerospace industry is highly regulated in the United States and in other countries. In order to sell our components, we and the components we manufacture must be certified by the FAA, the DOD and similar agencies in foreign countries and by individual manufacturers. If new and more stringent government regulations are adopted or if industry oversight increases, we might incur significant expenses to comply with any new regulations or heightened industry oversight. In addition, if material authorizations or approvals were revoked or suspended, our business would be adversely affected. 11 In addition to the aviation approvals, we are at times required to obtain approval from U.S. Government agencies to export our products. U.S. laws and regulations applicable to us include the Arms Export Control Act, the International Traffic in Arms Regulations (“ITAR”), the Export Administration Regulations (“EAR”) and the trade sanctions laws and regulations administered by the United States Department of the Treasury’s Office of Foreign Assets Control (“OFAC”). EAR restricts the export of dual-use products and technical data to certain countries, while ITAR restricts the export of defense products, technical data and defense services. Failure to obtain approval to export or determination by the U.S. Government that we failed to receive required approvals or licenses could eliminate or restrict our ability to sell our products outside the United States, and the penalties that could be imposed by the U.S. Government for failure to comply with these laws could be significant. Our indebtedness could adversely affect our financial health and could harm our ability to react to changes to our business and prevent us from fulfilling our obligations under our indebtedness. We have a significant amount of indebtedness. As of September 30, 2019, our total indebtedness, excluding approximately $41.5 million of letters of credit outstanding, was approximately $16.9 billion, which was 120.7% of our total book capitalization as a result of special dividends being funded, in part, with indebtedness and the addition of approximately $4.0 billion in net new incremental borrowings during fiscal 2019 in connection with the financing of the Esterline acquisition. In addition, we may be able to incur substantial additional indebtedness in the future. For example, on October 29, 2019, the Company entered into a purchase agreement in connection with a private offering of $2.65 billion aggregate principal amount in 5.50% senior subordinated notes due November 15, 2027. The settlement of the debt financing transaction occurred on November 13, 2019. The notes were issued at a price of 100% of their principal amount. The Company will use a portion of the net proceeds from the offering of the notes to redeem all of its outstanding (aggregate principal amount of $1.15 billion) 6.000% senior subordinated notes due 2022. Also, as of September 30, 2019, we had approximately $718.5 million of unused commitments under our revolving loan facility. Although our senior secured credit facility and the indentures governing the various senior subordinated notes outstanding (the “Indentures”) contain restrictions on the incurrence of additional indebtedness, these restrictions are subject to a number of significant qualifications and exceptions, and the indebtedness incurred in compliance with these qualifications and exceptions could be substantial. For example, if the usage of the revolving loan facility exceeds 35% of the total revolving commitments, the Company will be required to maintain a maximum consolidated net leverage ratio of net debt, as defined, to trailing four-quarter EBITDA As Defined. A breach of any of the covenants or an inability to comply with the required leverage ratio could result in a default under the senior secured credit facility or the Indentures. An increase in our substantial indebtedness could also have other important consequences to investors. For example, it could: • • • • • increase our vulnerability to general economic downturns and adverse competitive and industry conditions; increase the risk we are subjected to downgrade or put on a negative watch by the ratings agencies; require us to dedicate a substantial portion of our cash flow from operations to payments on our indebtedness, thereby reducing the availability of our cash flow to fund working capital requirements, capital expenditures, acquisitions, research and development efforts and other general corporate requirements; limit our flexibility in planning for, or reacting to, changes in our business and the industry in which we operate; place us at a competitive disadvantage compared to competitors that have less debt; and 12 • limit, along with the financial and other restrictive covenants contained in the documents governing our indebtedness, among other things, our ability to borrow additional funds, make investments and incur liens. All of our debt under the senior secured credit facility, which includes $7.5 billion in term loans and a revolving loan facility of $760 million, bears interest at variable rates primarily based on the London interbank offered rate (LIBOR) for deposits of U.S. dollars. Accordingly, if LIBOR or other variable interest rates increase, our debt service expense will also increase. Interest rate swap and cap agreements are used to manage interest rate risk associated with variable rate borrowings under our credit facilities. For information about our interest rate swap and cap agreements, see Note 21, “Derivatives and Hedging Instruments,” in the notes to the consolidated financial statements included herein. In addition, on July 27, 2017, the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) in the U.K. announced that it would phase out LIBOR as a benchmark by the end of calendar year 2021. The expected discontinuation of LIBOR may require us to amend certain agreements governing our debt and, although the U.S. and other jurisdictions are working to replace LIBOR with alternative reference rates, we cannot predict what alternative index, margin adjustments and related terms would be negotiated with our counterparties. As a result, our interest expense could increase. Our substantial level of indebtedness increases the possibility that we may be unable to generate cash sufficient to pay, when due, the principal of, interest on or other amounts due in respect of our indebtedness, including the Indentures. We cannot assure that our business will generate sufficient cash flow from operations or that future borrowings will be available to us under the senior secured credit facility or otherwise in amounts sufficient to enable us to service our indebtedness. If we cannot service our debt, we will have to take actions such as reducing or delaying capital investments, selling assets, restructuring or refinancing our debt or seeking additional equity capital. To service our indebtedness, we will require a significant amount of cash. Our ability to generate cash depends on many factors beyond our control and any failure to meet our debt service obligations could harm our business, financial condition and results of operations. Our ability to make payments on and to refinance our indebtedness, including the Indentures, amounts borrowed under the senior secured credit facility, amounts due under our Securitization Facility, and to fund our operations, will depend on our ability to generate cash in the future, which, to a certain extent, is subject to general economic, financial, competitive, legislative, regulatory and other factors that are beyond our control. We cannot assure that our business will generate sufficient cash flow from operations, that currently anticipated cost savings and operating improvements will be realized on schedule, or at all, or that future borrowings will be available to us under the senior secured credit facility or otherwise in amounts sufficient to enable us to service our indebtedness, including the amounts borrowed under the senior secured credit facility, amounts borrowed under our Securitization Facility and the Indentures, or to fund our other liquidity needs. If we cannot service our debt, we will have to take actions such as reducing or delaying capital investments, selling assets, restructuring or refinancing our debt or seeking additional equity capital. We cannot assure that any of these remedies could, if necessary, be effected on commercially reasonable terms, or at all. Our ability to restructure or refinance our debt will depend on the condition of the capital markets and our financial condition at such time. Any refinancing of our debt could be at higher interest rates and may require us to comply with more onerous covenants, which could further restrict our business operations. The terms of existing or future debt instruments, the Securitization Facility, the Indentures and the senior secured credit facility may restrict us from adopting any of these alternatives. In addition, any failure to make payments of interest and principal on our outstanding indebtedness on a timely basis would likely result in a reduction of our credit rating, which could harm our ability to incur additional indebtedness on acceptable terms and would otherwise adversely affect the Indentures. 13 The terms of the senior secured credit facility and Indentures may restrict our current and future operations, particularly our ability to respond to changes or to take certain actions. Our senior secured credit facility and the Indentures contain a number of restrictive covenants that impose significant operating and financial restrictions on TD Group, TransDigm Inc. and its subsidiaries (in the case of the senior secured credit facility) and TransDigm Inc. and its subsidiaries (in the case of the Indentures) and may limit their ability to engage in acts that may be in our long-term best interests. The senior secured credit facility and Indentures include covenants restricting, among other things, the ability of TD Group, TransDigm Inc. and its subsidiaries (in the case of the senior secured credit facility) and TransDigm Inc. and its subsidiaries (in the case of the Indentures) to: • • incur or guarantee additional indebtedness or issue preferred stock; pay distributions on, redeem or repurchase our capital stock or redeem or repurchase our subordinated debt; • make investments; • • • • • • • sell assets; enter into agreements that restrict distributions or other payments from our restricted subsidiaries to us; incur or allow to exist liens; consolidate, merge or transfer all or substantially all of our assets; engage in transactions with affiliates; create unrestricted subsidiaries; and engage in certain business activities. A breach of any of these covenants could result in a default under the senior secured credit facility or the Indentures. If any such default occurs, the lenders under the senior secured credit facility and the holders of the senior subordinated notes may elect to declare all outstanding borrowings, together with accrued interest and other amounts payable thereunder, to be immediately due and payable. The lenders under the senior secured credit facility also have the right in these circumstances to terminate any commitments they have to provide further borrowings. In addition, following an event of default under the senior secured credit facility, the lenders under that facility will have the right to proceed against the collateral granted to them to secure the debt, which includes our available cash, and they will also have the right to prevent us from making debt service payments on the senior subordinated notes. If the debt under the senior secured credit facility or the senior subordinated notes were to be accelerated, we cannot assure that our assets would be sufficient to repay in full our debt. We could incur substantial costs as a result of violations of or liabilities under environmental laws and regulations. Our operations and facilities are subject to a number of federal, state, local and foreign environmental laws and regulations that govern, among other things, discharges of pollutants into the air and water, the generation, handling, storage and disposal of hazardous materials and wastes, the remediation of contamination and the health and safety of our employees. Environmental laws and regulations may require that the Company investigate and remediate the effects of the release or disposal of materials at sites associated with past and present operations. Certain facilities and third-party sites utilized by subsidiaries of the Company have been identified as potentially responsible parties under the federal superfund laws and comparable state laws. The Company is currently involved in the investigation and remediation of a number of sites under applicable laws. Estimates of the Company’s environmental liabilities are based on current facts, laws, regulations and technology. These estimates take into consideration the Company’s prior experience and professional judgment 14 of the Company’s environmental advisors. Estimates of the Company’s environmental liabilities are further subject to uncertainties regarding the nature and extent of site contamination, the range of remediation alternatives available, evolving remediation standards, imprecise engineering evaluations and cost estimates, the extent of corrective actions that may be required and the number and financial condition of other potentially responsible parties, as well as the extent of their responsibility for the remediation. Accordingly, as investigation and remediation proceed, it is likely that adjustments in the Company’s accruals will be necessary to reflect new information. The amounts of any such adjustments could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations or cash flows in a given period. Based on currently available information, however, the Company does not believe that future environmental costs in excess of those accrued with respect to sites for which the Company has been identified as a potentially responsible party are likely to have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition. We are dependent on our senior management team and highly trained employees and any work stoppage or difficulty hiring similar employees could adversely affect our business. Because our products are complicated and highly engineered, we depend on an educated and trained workforce. There is substantial competition for skilled personnel in the aircraft component industry, and we could be adversely affected by a shortage of skilled employees. We may not be able to fill new positions or vacancies created by expansion or turnover or attract and retain qualified personnel. Although we believe that our relations with our employees are satisfactory, we cannot assure that we will be able to negotiate a satisfactory renewal of collective bargaining agreements or that our employee relations will remain stable. Because we maintain a relatively small inventory of finished goods, any work stoppage could materially and adversely affect our ability to provide products to our customers. In addition, our success depends in part on our ability to attract and motivate our senior management and key employees. Achieving this objective may be difficult due to a variety of factors, including fluctuations in economic and industry conditions, competitors’ hiring practices, and the effectiveness of our compensation programs. Competition for qualified personnel can be intense. A loss of senior management and key personnel, or failure to attract qualified new talent could prevent us from capitalizing on business opportunities, and our operating results and/or market value could be adversely affected. The Board continually monitors this risk and we believe that the Board’s succession plan, together with our straightforward strategy, clear value drivers, decentralized nature and the quality of managers running our operating units helps to mitigate this risk. We may be subject to periodic litigation and regulatory proceedings, including Fair Labor Standards Act and state wage and hour class action lawsuits, which may adversely affect our business and financial performance. From time to time, we are involved in lawsuits and regulatory actions brought or threatened against us in the ordinary course of business. These actions and proceedings may involve claims for, among other things, compensation for alleged personal injury, workers’ compensation, employment discrimination, or breach of contract. In addition, we may be subject to class action lawsuits, including those involving allegations of violations of consumer product statutes or the Fair Labor Standards Act and state wage and hour laws. Due to the inherent uncertainties of litigation, we cannot accurately predict the ultimate outcome of any such actions or proceedings. The outcome of litigation, particularly class action lawsuits and regulatory actions, is difficult to assess or quantify, as plaintiffs may seek recovery of very large or indeterminate amounts in these types of lawsuits, and the magnitude of the potential loss may remain unknown for substantial periods of time. In addition, plaintiffs in many types of actions may seek punitive damages, civil penalties, consequential damages or other losses, or injunctive or declaratory relief. These proceedings could result in substantial cost and may require us to devote substantial resources to defend ourselves. The ultimate resolution of these matters through settlement, mediation, or court judgment could have a material impact on our financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows. 15 Our business is dependent on the availability of certain components and raw materials from suppliers. Our business is affected by the price and availability of the raw materials and component parts that we use to manufacture our components. Our business, therefore, could be adversely impacted by factors affecting our suppliers (such as the destruction of our suppliers’ facilities or their distribution infrastructure, a work stoppage or strike by our suppliers’ employees or the failure of our suppliers to provide materials of the requisite quality), or by increased costs of such raw materials or components if we were unable to pass along such price increases to our customers. Because we maintain a relatively small inventory of raw materials and component parts, our business could be adversely affected if we were unable to obtain these raw materials and components from our suppliers in the quantities we require or on favorable terms. Although we believe in most cases that we could identify alternative suppliers, or alternative raw materials or component parts, the lengthy and expensive FAA and OEM certification processes associated with aerospace products could prevent efficient replacement of a supplier, raw material or component part. Our operations depend on our manufacturing facilities, which are subject to physical and other risks that could disrupt production. A number of our manufacturing facilities are located in the greater Los Angeles area, an area known for earthquakes and fires, and are thus vulnerable to damage. In addition, a number of our manufacturing facilities are located along the Eastern seaboard area susceptible to hurricanes. We are also vulnerable to damage from other types of disasters, including power loss, fire, explosions, floods, communications failures, terrorist attacks and similar events. Disruptions could also occur due to cyber- attacks, computer or equipment malfunction (accidental or intentional), operator error or process failures. Should insurance or other risk transfer mechanisms, such as our existing disaster recovery and business continuity plans, be insufficient to recover all costs, we could experience a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Operations and sales outside of the United States may be subject to additional risks. A number of risks inherent in international operations could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, including currency fluctuations, difficulties in staffing and managing multi-national operations, general economic and political uncertainties and potential for social unrest in countries in which we operate, limitations on our ability to enforce legal rights and remedies, restrictions on the repatriation of funds, change in trade policies, tariff regulation, difficulties in obtaining export and import licenses and the risk of government financed competition. Furthermore, the Company is subject to laws and regulations, such as the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, UK Bribery Act and similar local anti-bribery laws, which generally prohibit companies and their employees, agents and contractors from making improper payments for the purpose of obtaining or retaining business. Failure to comply with these laws could subject the Company to civil and criminal penalties that could materially adversely affect the Company’s results of operations. We face significant competition. We operate in a highly competitive global industry and compete against a number of companies. Competitors in our product lines are both U.S. and foreign companies and range in size from divisions of large public corporations to small privately held entities. We believe that our ability to compete depends on high product performance, consistent high quality, short lead-time and timely delivery, competitive pricing, superior customer service and support and continued certification under customer quality requirements and assurance programs. We may have to adjust the prices of some of our products to stay competitive. We could be adversely affected if one of our components causes an aircraft to crash. Our operations expose us to potential liabilities for personal injury or death as a result of the failure of an aircraft component that we have designed, manufactured or serviced. While we maintain liability insurance to 16 protect us from future product liability claims, in the event of product liability claims our insurers may attempt to deny coverage or any coverage we have may not be adequate. We also may not be able to maintain insurance coverage in the future at an acceptable cost. Any liability not covered by insurance or for which third party indemnification is not available could result in significant liability to us. In addition, a crash caused by one of our components could damage our reputation for quality products. We believe our customers consider safety and reliability as key criteria in selecting a provider of aircraft components. If a crash were to be caused by one of our components, or if we were to otherwise fail to maintain a satisfactory record of safety and reliability, our ability to retain and attract customers may be materially adversely affected. We could incur substantial costs as a result of data protection concerns. The interpretation and application of data protection laws in the U.S., Europe, including but not limited to the General Data Protection Regulation (the “GDPR”) and the California Consumer Privacy Act (the “CCPA”), and elsewhere are uncertain and evolving. It is possible that these laws may be interpreted and applied in a manner that is inconsistent with our data practices. Complying with these various laws is difficult and could cause us to incur substantial costs or require us to change our business practices in a manner adverse to our business. Further, although we have implemented internal controls and procedures designed to ensure compliance with the GDPR, CCPA and other privacy-related laws, rules and regulations (collectively, the “Data Protection Laws”), there can be no assurance that our controls and procedures will enable us to be fully compliant with all Data Protection Laws. Despite our efforts to protect sensitive information and confidential and personal data, comply with applicable laws, rules and regulations and implement data security measures, our facilities, and systems may be vulnerable to security breaches and other data loss, including cyber-attacks and, in fact, we have experienced data security incidents that have not had a material impact on our financial results. In addition, it is not possible to predict the impact on our business of the future loss, alteration or misappropriation of information in our possession related to us, our employees, former employees, customers, suppliers or others. This could lead to negative publicity, legal claims, theft, modification or destruction of proprietary information or key information, damage to or inaccessibility of critical systems, manufacture of defective products, production downtimes, operational disruptions and other significant costs, which could adversely affect our reputation, financial condition and results of operations. We have recorded a significant amount of intangible assets, which may never generate the returns we expect. Mergers and acquisitions have resulted in significant increases in identifiable intangible assets and goodwill. Identifiable intangible assets, which primarily include trademarks, trade names, customer relationships, and technology, were approximately $2.7 billion at September 30, 2019, representing approximately 17% of our total assets. Goodwill recognized in accounting for the mergers and acquisitions was approximately $7.8 billion at September 30, 2019, representing approximately 48% of our total assets. We may never realize the full value of our identifiable intangible assets and goodwill, and to the extent we were to determine that our identifiable intangible assets or our goodwill were impaired within the meaning of applicable accounting standards, we would be required to write-off the amount of any impairment. Volatility in the equity markets or interest rates could substantially increase our pension costs and required pension contributions. The Company sponsors qualified defined benefit pension plans and a nonqualified postretirement plan. Certain qualified defined benefit pension plans are funded with trust assets invested in a diversified portfolio of debt and equity securities and other investments. Among other factors, changes in interest rates, investment returns and the market value of plan assets can (i) affect the level of plan funding; (ii) cause volatility in the net 17 periodic pension cost; and (iii) increase our future contribution requirements. A significant decrease in investment returns or the market value of plan assets or a significant decrease in interest rates could increase our net periodic pension costs and adversely affect our results of operations. A significant increase in our contribution requirements with respect to our qualified defined benefit pension plans could have an adverse impact on our cash flow. We may be subject to risks relating to changes in its tax rates or exposure to additional income tax liabilities. We are subject to income taxes in the United States and various non-U.S. jurisdictions. The Company’s domestic and international tax liabilities are dependent upon the location of earnings among these different jurisdictions. The Company’s future results of operations could be adversely affected by changes in the Company’s effective tax rate as a result of changes in the mix of earnings in countries with differing statutory tax rates, changes in the valuation of deferred tax assets, challenges by tax authorities or changes in tax laws or regulations. In addition, the amount of income taxes paid by the Company is subject to ongoing audits by U.S. federal, state and local tax authorities and by non-U.S. tax authorities. If these audits result in assessments different from amounts reserved, future financial results may include unfavorable adjustments to the Company’s tax liabilities, which could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations. Our stock price may be volatile, and an investment in our common stock could suffer a decline in value. There has been significant volatility in the market price and trading volume of equity securities, which is unrelated to the operating performance of the companies issuing the securities. These market fluctuations may negatively affect the market price of our common stock. Shareholders may not be able to sell their shares at or above the purchase price due to fluctuations in the market price of our common stock. Such changes could be caused by changes in our operating performance or prospects, including possible changes due to the cyclical nature of the aerospace industry and other factors such as fluctuations in OEM and aftermarket ordering, which could cause short-term swings in profit margins. Or such changes could be unrelated to our operating performance, such as changes in market conditions affecting the stock market generally or the stocks of aerospace companies or changes in the outlook for our common stock, such as changes to or the confidence in our business strategy, changes to or confidence in our management, or expectations for future growth of the Company. Future sales of our common stock in the public market could lower our share price. We may sell additional shares of common stock into the public markets or issue convertible debt securities to raise capital in the future. The market price of our common stock could decline as a result of sales of a large number of shares of our common stock in the public markets or the perception that these sales could occur. These sales, or the possibility that these sales may occur, also might make it more difficult for us to sell equity securities to raise capital at a time and price that we deem appropriate. Our corporate documents and Delaware law contain certain provisions that could discourage, delay or prevent a change in control of our company. Provisions in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and bylaws may discourage, delay or prevent a merger or acquisition involving us that our stockholders may consider favorable. For example, our amended and restated certificate of incorporation authorizes our Board of Directors to issue up to 149,600,000 shares of “blank check” preferred stock. Without stockholder approval, the Board of Directors has the authority to attach special rights, including voting and dividend rights, to this preferred stock. With these rights, holders of preferred stock could make it more difficult for a third party to acquire us. Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation also provides that the affirmative vote of the holders of at least 75% of the voting power of our issued and outstanding capital stock, voting together as a single class, is required for the alteration, amendment or 18 repeal of certain provisions of our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and certain provisions of our amended and restated bylaws, including the provisions relating to our stockholders’ ability to call special meetings, notice provisions for stockholder business to be conducted at an annual meeting, requests for stockholder lists and corporate records, nomination and removal of directors, and filling of vacancies on our Board of Directors. We are also subject to the anti-takeover provisions of Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law. Under these provisions, if anyone becomes an “interested stockholder,” we may not enter into a “business combination” with that person for three years without special approval, which could discourage a third party from making a takeover offer and could delay or prevent a change of control. For purposes of Section 203, “interested stockholder” means, generally, someone owning 15% or more of our outstanding voting stock or an affiliate of ours that owned 15% or more of our outstanding voting stock during the past three years, subject to certain exceptions as described in Section 203. We do not regularly declare and pay quarterly or annual cash dividends on our stock. Notwithstanding special cash dividends, of which the most recent declaration by the Company’s Board of Directors occurred on August 6, 2019 in the amount of $30.00 per outstanding share of common stock and cash dividend equivalent payments on options granted under its stock incentive plans, we do not anticipate declaring regular quarterly or annual cash dividends on our common stock or any other equity security in the foreseeable future. The amounts that may be available to us to pay future special cash dividends are restricted under our debt and other agreements. Any payment of special cash dividends on our common stock in the future will be at the discretion of our Board of Directors and will depend on our results of operations, earnings, capital requirements, financial condition, future prospects, contractual restrictions and other factors deemed relevant by our Board of Directors. Therefore, shareholders should not rely on regular quarterly or annual dividend income from shares of our common stock and should not rely on special dividends with any regularity or at all. ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS None. 19 ITEM 2. PROPERTIES TransDigm’s principal owned properties (defined as greater than 20,000 square feet or related to a principal operation) as of September 30, 2019 are as follows: Location Brea, CA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Stillington, United Kingdom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Montreal, Canada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Miesbach, Germany . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Liberty, SC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Waco, TX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ingolstadt, Germany . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Champagne, France . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kent, OH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Liverpool, NY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bridport, United Kingdom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Union Gap, WA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Coachella, CA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Marolles, France . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Phoenix, AZ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Paks, Hungary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Los Angeles, CA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kortrijk, Belgium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bohemia, NY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Buena Park, CA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Westbury, NY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Llangeinor, United Kingdom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bourges, France . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kent, WA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Valencia, CA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Letchworth, United Kingdom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Placentia, CA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Addison, IL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Herstal, Belgium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Niort, France . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Painesville, OH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Clearwater, FL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . South Euclid, OH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wichita, KS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Branford, CT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Xenia, OH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Avenel, NJ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rancho Cucamonga, CA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sarralbe, France . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Valencia, CA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pennsauken, NJ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ryde, United Kingdom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rancho Cucamonga, CA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sarralbe, France . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cluses, France . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Melaka, Malaysia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Coimbatore, India . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Deerfield Beach, FL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Reporting Segment Airframe Airframe Airframe Power & Control Power & Control Power & Control Airframe Airframe Airframe Power & Control Airframe Airframe Power & Control Power & Control Airframe Airframe Power & Control Airframe Power & Control Power & Control Power & Control Airframe Power & Control Airframe Airframe Airframe Airframe Power & Control Airframe Airframe Power & Control Power & Control Power & Control Power & Control Airframe Airframe Power & Control Power & Control Power & Control Airframe Airframe Power & Control Airframe Non-aviation Non-aviation Power & Control Non-aviation Non-aviation Square Footage 315,000 274,800 271,700 242,000 219,000 218,800 191,900 189,100 185,000 176,800 174,700 142,000 140,000 139,900 138,700 137,800 131,000 130,000 124,000 115,000 112,300 110,000 109,500 100,000 88,400 88,200 86,600 83,300 73,700 69,000 63,900 61,000 60,000 57,000 52,000 51,000 48,500 47,000 45,200 38,000 38,000 33,200 32,700 32,700 29,500 24,800 21,000 20,000 The Brea, Liberty, Kent (Ohio), Union Gap, Bohemia, Addison, Kent (Washington), 88,400 square feet Valencia, Coachella and 47,000 square feet Rancho Cucamonga properties are subject to mortgage liens under our senior secured credit facility and our 6.25% secured notes due March 15, 2026. TransDigm’s principal leased properties (defined as greater than 20,000 square feet or related to a principal operation) as of September 30, 2019 are as follows: Location Reporting Segment East Camden, AR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Everett, WA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nittambuwa, Sri Lanka . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Santa Ana, CA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Holmestrand, Norway . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dayton, NV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tijuana, Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tijuana, Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Everett, WA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Whippany, NJ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tanger, Morocco . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Whippany, NJ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Farnborough, United Kingdom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sylmar, CA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Goldsboro, NC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kunshan, China . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fullerton, CA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Anaheim, CA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Elkhart, IN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Davis Junction, IL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kanata, Canada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Miesbach, Germany . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kunshan, China . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Paso Robles, CA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Camarillo, CA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gloucestor, United Kingdom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tijuana, Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tijuana, Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Matamoros, Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Melbourne, FL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lillington, NC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sugar Grove, IL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Zunyi, China . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . La Ferte Benard, France . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Harelbeke, Belgium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tempe, AZ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Santiago, Dominican Republic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Brea, CA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chongqing, China . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Collegeville, PA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rancho Santa Margarita, CA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Northridge, CA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bangalore, India . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ashford, United Kingdom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . London, United Kingdom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nogales, Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Toulouse, France . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bridgend, United Kingdom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Harrow, United Kingdom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Duluth, GA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ravenna, OH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Platteville, WI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pennsauken, NJ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cleveland, OH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Power & Control Airframe Airframe Airframe Airframe Airframe Airframe Non-aviation Airframe Power & Control Non-aviation Power & Control Power & Control Airframe Power & Control Airframe Airframe Airframe Non-aviation Airframe Airframe Power & Control Non-aviation Non-aviation Power & Control Airframe Power & Control Non-aviation Power & Control Power & Control Power & Control Airframe Power & Control Non-aviation Airframe Power & Control Non-aviation Airframe Airframe Airframe Airframe Power & Control Non-aviation Power & Control Airframe Airframe Airframe Airframe Non-aviation Airframe Airframe Airframe Airframe Corporate Square Footage 276,000 216,000 168,000 159,200 149,300 144,000 141,000 129,200 121,000 115,300 115,200 114,300 103,400 103,000 101,000 100,600 100,000 99,900 91,500 84,500 82,900 80,800 75,300 72,600 70,000 67,800 63,500 61,300 60,500 52,100 48,800 45,000 43,000 42,000 40,500 40,200 40,000 39,000 37,700 37,000 35,200 35,000 28,200 28,000 27,400 27,000 26,000 24,800 24,500 22,800 22,500 21,200 20,500 20,100 Our Cleveland, OH and Pasadena, CA corporate facilities house our principal executive offices, and we currently lease approximately 20,100 square feet and 5,300 square feet, respectively, for those purposes. TransDigm also leases certain of its other non-material facilities. Management believes that our machinery, plants and offices are in satisfactory operating condition and that it will have sufficient capacity to meet foreseeable future needs without incurring significant additional capital expenditures. ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS We and certain of our current or former officers and directors are defendants in a consolidated securities class action captioned In re TransDigm Group, Inc. Securities Litigation, Case No. 1:17-cv-01677-DCN (N.D. Ohio). The cases were originally filed on August 10, 2017, and September 18, 2017 and were consolidated on December 5, 2017. The plaintiffs allege that the defendants made false or misleading statements with respect to, or failed to disclose, the impact of certain alleged business practices in connection with sales to the U.S. government on the Company’s growth and profitability. The plaintiffs assert claims under Section 10(b) of the Exchange Act and Rule 10b-5 promulgated thereunder and Section 20(a) of the Exchange Act, and seek unspecified monetary damages and other relief. In addition, we, as nominal defendant, and certain of our current or former officers and directors are defendants in a shareholder derivative action captioned Sciabacucchi v. Howley et al., No. 1:17-cv-1971-DCN (N.D. Ohio). The case was filed on September 19, 2017. The plaintiffs allege breach of fiduciary duty and other claims arising out of substantially the same actions or inactions alleged in the securities class actions described above. This action has been stayed pending the outcome of a motion to dismiss on the securities class action. Although we are only a nominal defendant in the derivative action, we could have indemnification obligations and/or be required to advance the costs and expenses of the officer and director defendants in the action. We intend to vigorously defend these matters and believe they are without merit. We also believe we have sufficient insurance coverage available for these matters. Therefore, we do not expect these matters to have a material adverse impact on our financial condition or results of operations. However, given the preliminary status of the litigation, it is difficult to predict the likelihood of an adverse outcome or estimate a range of any potential loss. 22 PART II ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES Market Information Our common stock is traded on the New York Stock Exchange, or NYSE, under the ticker symbol “TDG.” Holders As of October 21, 2019, there were 33 stockholders of record of our common stock and approximately 134,000 of beneficial stockholders, which includes an estimated amount of stockholders who have their shares held in their accounts by banks and brokers. Dividend Policy During fiscal 2019, TD Group’s Board of Directors authorized and declared a special cash dividend of $30.00 (in August 2019) on each outstanding share of common stock and cash dividend equivalent payments under options granted under its stock incentive plans. No dividends were declared during fiscal 2018. We do not anticipate declaring regular quarterly or annual cash dividends on our common stock in the near future. Any declaration of special cash dividends on our common stock in the future will be at the discretion of our Board of Directors and will depend upon our results of operations, earnings, capital requirements, financial condition, future prospects, contractual restrictions under the senior secured credit facility and Indentures, the availability of surplus under Delaware law and other factors deemed relevant by our Board of Directors. TD Group is a holding company and conducts all of its operations through direct and indirect subsidiaries. Unless TD Group receives dividends, distributions, advances, transfers of funds or other payments from our subsidiaries, TD Group will be unable to pay any dividends on our common stock in the future. The ability of any subsidiaries to take any of the foregoing actions is limited by the terms of our senior secured credit facility and Indentures and may be limited by future debt or other agreements that we may enter into. Also, the Company currently has an accumulated deficit which could limit or restrict our ability to pay dividends in the future. Performance Graph Set forth below is a line graph comparing the cumulative total return of a hypothetical investment in the shares of common stock of TD Group with the cumulative total return of a hypothetical investment in each of the S&P 500 Index, the S&P Aerospace & Defense Select Index and the S&P MidCap 400 Aerospace & Defense Index. An investment of $100 (with reinvestment of all dividends) is assumed to have been made in our common stock and in each of the indexes on September 30, 2014, and its relative performance is tracked through September 30, 2019 23 The following performance graph and related information shall not be deemed “soliciting material” nor to be “filed” with the SEC, nor shall such information be incorporated by reference into any future filings under the Securities Act of 1933 or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, each as amended, except to the extent we specifically incorporate it by reference into such filing. COMPARISON OF 5 YEAR CUMULATIVE TOTAL RETURN* Among TransDigm Group Inc., the S&P 500 Index, S&P Aerospace & Defense Select Index and the S&P MidCap 400 Aerospace & Defense Index $400 $350 $300 $250 $200 $150 $100 $50 9/30/14 9/30/15 9/30/16 9/30/17 9/30/18 9/30/19 TransDigm Group Inc. S&P MidCap 400 Aerospace & Defense Index S&P 500 Index S&P Aerospace & Defense Select Index *$100 invested on 9/30/14 in stock or index, including reinvestment of dividends. Copyright 2019 Standard & Poor’s, a division of S&P Global. All rights reserved. TransDigm Group Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S&P 500 Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S&P Aerospace & Defense Select Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . S&P MidCap 400 Aerospace & Defense Index . . . . . . . . 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 115.23 99.39 102.94 100.89 156.85 114.72 119.95 133.13 164.27 136.07 171.11 163.10 239.22 160.44 213.77 262.80 354.00 167.27 225.91 286.46 9/30/14 9/30/15 9/30/16 9/30/17 9/30/18 9/30/19 Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer or Affiliated Purchaser On November 8, 2017, our Board of Directors, authorized a stock repurchase program permitting repurchases of our outstanding shares not to exceed $650 million in the aggregate, subject to any restrictions specified in the Credit Agreement and/or Indentures governing the existing Notes as described within the Liquidity and Capital Resources section of Item 7. “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Conditions and Results of Operations.” No repurchases were made under the program during the fiscal years ended September 30, 2019 and 2018. As of September 30, 2019, $650 million in repurchases are allowable under the program subject to any restrictions specified in the Credit Agreement and/or Indentures governing the existing Notes. During the fiscal year ended September 30, 2018, the Company received 2,119 shares as forfeitures in lieu of payment for withholding taxes on the vesting of restricted stock. The deemed gross cost of the shares was approximately $0.6 million at a weighted-average price per share $274.62. No restricted stock units remained outstanding as of September 30, 2018. 24 ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA The following table sets forth selected historical consolidated financial and other data of TD Group for the fiscal years ended September 30, 2015 to 2019, which have been derived from TD Group’s audited consolidated financial statements. Separate historical financial information of TransDigm Inc. is not presented since the 6.00% Senior Subordinated Notes issued in June 2014 (the “2022 Notes”), the 6.50% Senior Subordinated Notes issued June 2014 (the “2024 Notes”), the 6.50% Senior Subordinated Notes issued May 2015 (the “2025 Notes”), the 6.375% Senior Subordinated Notes issued June 2016 (the “6.375% 2026 Notes”), the 6.25% Senior Secured Notes issued in January 2019 (the “2026 Secured Notes”) and the 7.50% Senior Subordinated Notes issued February 2019 (the “2027 Notes”) (also together with the 2022 Notes, the 2024 Notes, the 2025 Notes, the 6.375% 2026 Notes, the 2026 Secured Notes and the 2027 Notes, the “Notes”) are fully and unconditionally guaranteed on a senior subordinated basis by TD Group, TransDigm UK and all of TransDigm Inc.’s Domestic Restricted Subsidiaries and because TD Group has no significant operations or assets separate from its investment in TransDigm Inc. Separate financial information of TransDigm UK Holdings plc (“TransDigm UK”) is not presented because TransDigm UK’s 6.875% Senior Subordinated Notes issued in May 2018 (the “6.875% 2026 Notes”) are fully and unconditionally guaranteed on a senior subordinated basis by TD Group, TransDigm Inc., and all of TransDigm Inc.’s Domestic Restricted Subsidiaries. Acquisitions of businesses and product lines completed by TD Group during the last five fiscal years are as follows: Date Acquisition March 26, 2015 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Telair Cargo Group (comprised of Telair International GmbH (“Telair Int’l”), Telair US LLC and Nordisk Aviation Products) March 31, 2015 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Franke Aquarotter GmbH (“Adams Rite Aerospace GmbH”) May 14, 2015 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pexco LLC (“Pexco Aerospace”) August 19, 2015 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PneuDraulics, Inc. (“PneuDraulics”) January 4, 2016 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Breeze-Eastern Corporation (“Breeze-Eastern”) June 23, 2016 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Data Device Corporation (“DDC”) September 23, 2016 . . . . . . . . . . . . . Young & Franklin Inc. / Tactair Fluid Controls Inc. (“Y&F/Tactair”) February 22, 2017 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Schroth Safety Products Group (“Schroth”) May 5, 2017, May 31, 2017 and June 1, 2017 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . March 15, 2018 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kirkhill Elastomers (“Kirkhill”) April 24, 2018 et al. North Hills Signal Processing Corp, Cablecraft Motion Controls LLC and Preece Incorporated (together, the “Third Quarter 2017 Acquisitions”) . . . . . . . . . . . . . Extant Components Group Holdings, Inc. (together with related subsequent product line acquisitions, “Extant”) July 13, 2018 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Skandia Inc. (“Skandia”) March 14, 2019 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Esterline Technologies Corporation (“Esterline”) All of the acquisitions were accounted for using the acquisition method. The results of operations of the acquired businesses and product lines are included in TD Group’s consolidated financial statements from the effective date of each acquisition. On July 21, 2019, TransDigm entered into a binding offer (the “Put Agreement”) with Eaton Corporation plc (“Eaton”) for the acquisition by Eaton of the shares of Souriau SAS, Souriau USA Inc. and Sunbank Family of Companies LLC (collectively, “Souriau-Sunbank”). Pursuant to the terms of the Put Agreement, after completion of the consultation process with the Business’ French works council, TransDigm had the right to require Eaton to enter into a securities purchase agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) providing for the purchase by Eaton from TransDigm of the shares of Souriau-Sunbank. The Purchase Agreement was entered into by the parties on October 28, 2019. Pursuant to the terms of the Purchase Agreement, Eaton will purchase the shares of the Souriau-Sunbank for a cash purchase price of approximately $920 million. 25 The transaction is subject to execution and delivery of the Purchase Agreement and other definitive agreements, the satisfaction or waiver of customary closing conditions and receipt of required regulatory approvals, all of which have been received other than the French foreign investment approval. The parties expect to complete the transaction during the first quarter of fiscal 2020. Therefore, Souriau-Sunbank is classified as held-for-sale as of September 30, 2019. The results of operations of Souriau-Sunbank are presented in discontinued operations in the accompanying consolidated financial statements for all periods presented since the date acquired. Further disclosure related to Souriau-Sunbank’s discontinued operations is included within Note 23, “Discontinued Operations,” to the consolidated financial statements. On September 20, 2019, TransDigm completed the divestiture of its Esterline Interface Technology (“EIT”) group of businesses to an affiliate of KPS Capital Partners, LP for approximately $190 million. EIT was acquired by TransDigm as part of its acquisition of Esterline Technologies Corporation in March 2019. The results of operations of EIT are presented in discontinued operations in the accompanying consolidated financial statements for all periods presented since the date acquired. Further disclosure related to EIT’s discontinued operations is included within Note 23, “Discontinued Operations,” to the consolidated financial statements. In connection with the settlement of a Department of Justice investigation into the competitive effects of the acquisition, during the fourth quarter of 2017, the Company committed to dispose of the Schroth business. Therefore, Schroth was classified as held-for-sale beginning in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2017. On January 26, 2018, the Company completed the sale of Schroth in a management buyout to a private equity fund and certain members of Schroth management for approximately $61.4 million, which included a working capital adjustment of $0.3 million that was paid in July 2018. Further disclosure related to Schroth’s discontinued operations is included within Note 23, “Discontinued Operations,” to the consolidated financial statements. 26 The information presented below should be read together with Item 7. “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes included elsewhere herein. Fiscal Years Ended September 30, 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 (in thousands, except per share amounts ) Statement of Income Data: Net sales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $5,223,203 $3,811,126 $3,504,286 $3,171,411 $2,707,115 1,449,845 2,809,271 Gross profit(1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 324,097 747,773 Selling and administrative expenses . . . . . . . . . . . 54,219 134,952 Amortization of intangible assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,984,627 412,555 89,226 1,728,063 383,319 77,445 2,177,510 449,676 72,454 Income from operations(1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Interest expense—net Refinancing costs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other expense (income)(2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,926,546 859,753 3,013 915 1,655,380 663,008 6,396 419 1,482,846 602,589 39,807 3,020 1,267,299 483,850 15,794 (461) 1,071,529 418,785 18,393 (2,473) Income from continuing operations before income taxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Income tax provision(3) 1,062,865 221,986 985,557 24,021 837,430 208,889 768,116 181,702 636,824 189,612 Income from continuing operations including noncontrolling interests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 840,879 961,536 628,541 586,414 447,212 Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax(4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50,432 (4,474) (31,654) — — Net income including noncontrolling interests . . . Net income attributable to noncontrolling 891,311 957,062 596,887 586,414 447,212 interests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (1,541) — — — — Net income attributable to TD Group . . . . . . . . . . $ 889,770 $ 957,062 $ 596,887 $ 586,414 $ 447,212 Net income applicable to TD Group common stock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 778,749 $ 900,914 $ 437,630 $ 583,414 $ 443,847 Denominator for basic and diluted earnings per share under the two-class method: Weighted-average common shares outstanding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53,091 52,345 52,517 53,326 53,112 Vested options deemed participating securities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,174 3,252 3,013 2,831 3,494 Total shares for basic and diluted earnings per share . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56,265 55,597 55,530 56,157 56,606 Net earnings per share: Net earnings per share from continuing operations—basic and diluted . . . . . . . . . . $ 12.94 $ 16.28 $ 8.45 $ 10.39 $ 7.84 Net earnings (loss) per share from discontinued operations—basic and diluted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.90 (0.08) (0.57) — Net earnings per share(5) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 13.84 $ 16.20 $ 7.88 $ 10.39 $ Cash dividends paid per common share . . . . $ 30.00 $ — $ 46.00 $ — $ — 7.84 — 27 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 As of September 30, (in thousands) Balance Sheet Data: Cash and cash equivalents . . . . . . . . . . $ 1,467,486 3,326,491 Working capital(6,7) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total assets(6,7) 16,254,731 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,898,953 Total debt(7) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (2,894,905) TD Group stockholders’ deficit . . . . . . $ 2,073,017 2,756,905 12,197,467 12,877,282 (1,808,471) $ 650,561 1,262,558 9,975,661 11,762,661 (2,951,204) $ 1,586,994 2,178,094 10,726,277 10,195,607 (651,490) $ 714,033 1,128,993 8,303,935 8,349,602 (1,038,306) (1) Gross profit and income from operations include the effect of charges relating to purchase accounting adjustments to inventory associated with the acquisition of various businesses and product lines for the fiscal years ended September 30, 2019, 2018, 2017, 2016 and 2015 of $76,927, $7,080, $20,621, $23,449, and $11,362, respectively. (2) The prior period operating data has been adjusted as a result of Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2017-07, Compensation-Retirement Benefits (Topic 715): Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost (“ASU 2017-07”). (3) On December 22, 2017, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Act”) was enacted. The Act reduces the U.S. federal corporate tax rate from 35% to 21%, requires companies to pay a one-time transition tax on earnings from certain foreign subsidiaries that were previously deferred as well as other changes. Income tax expense as a percentage of income before income taxes was approximately 20.9% for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2019 compared to 2.4% for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2018. (4) The fiscal 2019 results include the divestitures of Souriau-Sunbank (expected first quarter of fiscal 2020) and EIT (September 2019). The fiscal 2018 and 2017 results include the divestiture of Schroth (January 2018). Refer to Note 23, “Discontinued Operations,” to the consolidated financial statements for further information. (5) Net earnings per share is calculated by dividing net income applicable to TD Group common stock by the (6) (7) basic and diluted weighted average common shares outstanding. In connection with adopting ASU 2015-17, “Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Taxes,” for reporting periods ended after October 1, 2015, the Company reclassified $45,375 from current deferred income tax assets in our consolidated balance sheets as of September 2015, to non-current deferred income tax liabilities. In connection with adopting ASU 2015-03, “Simplifying the Presentation of Debt Issuance Costs,” for reporting periods ended after October 1, 2015, the Company reclassified $77,740 from debt issuance costs in our consolidated balance sheets as of September 2015, to the current portion of long-term and long-term- term debt. Non-GAAP Financial Measures We present below certain financial information based on our EBITDA and EBITDA As Defined. References to “EBITDA” mean earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization, and references to “EBITDA As Defined” mean EBITDA plus, as applicable for each relevant period, certain adjustments as set forth in the reconciliations of net income to EBITDA and EBITDA As Defined and the reconciliations of net cash provided by operating activities to EBITDA and EBITDA As Defined presented below. Neither EBITDA nor EBITDA As Defined is a measurement of financial performance under accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”). We present EBITDA and EBITDA As Defined because we believe they are useful indicators for evaluating operating performance and liquidity. Our management believes that EBITDA and EBITDA As Defined are useful as indicators of liquidity because securities analysts, investors, rating agencies and others use EBITDA to evaluate a company’s ability to incur and service debt. In addition, EBITDA As Defined is useful to investors because the revolving commitments under our senior secured credit facility requires compliance under certain circumstances, on a pro 28 forma basis, with a financial covenant that measures the ratio of the amount of our secured indebtedness to the amount of our Consolidated EBITDA defined in the same manner as we define EBITDA As Defined herein. In addition to the above, our management uses EBITDA As Defined to review and assess the performance of the management team in connection with employee incentive programs and to prepare its annual budget and financial projections. Moreover, our management uses EBITDA As Defined to evaluate acquisitions. Although we use EBITDA and EBITDA As Defined as measures to assess the performance of our business and for the other purposes set forth above, the use of these non-GAAP financial measures as analytical tools has limitations, and you should not consider any of them in isolation, or as a substitute for analysis of our results of operations as reported in accordance with GAAP. Some of these limitations are: • • • • neither EBITDA nor EBITDA As Defined reflects the significant interest expense, or the cash requirements, necessary to service interest payments on our indebtedness; although depreciation and amortization are non-cash charges, the assets being depreciated and amortized will often have to be replaced in the future, and neither EBITDA nor EBITDA As Defined reflects any cash requirements for such replacements; the omission of the substantial amortization expense associated with our intangible assets further limits the usefulness of EBITDA and EBITDA As Defined; neither EBITDA nor EBITDA As Defined includes the payment of taxes, which is a necessary element of our operations; and • EBITDA As Defined excludes the cash expense we have incurred to integrate acquired businesses into our operations, which is a necessary element of certain of our acquisitions. Because of these limitations, EBITDA and EBITDA As Defined should not be considered as measures of discretionary cash available to us to invest in the growth of our business. Management compensates for these limitations by not viewing EBITDA or EBITDA As Defined in isolation and specifically by using other GAAP measures, such as net income, net sales and operating profit, to measure our operating performance. Neither EBITDA nor EBITDA As Defined is a measurement of financial performance under GAAP, and neither should be considered as an alternative to net income or cash flow from operations determined in accordance with GAAP. Our calculation of EBITDA and EBITDA As Defined may not be comparable to the calculation of similarly titled measures reported by other companies. Fiscal Years Ended September 30, 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 (in thousands) Other Financial Data: Cash flows provided by (used in): Operating activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . Investing activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Financing activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . Depreciation and amortization . . . . . . . . . Capital expenditures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ratio of earnings to fixed charges(1) $ 1,015,472 (3,888,980) 2,271,353 225,700 101,591 2.2x $1,022,173 (683,577) 1,085,600 129,844 73,341 2.5x $ 788,733 (287,003) (1,443,682) 141,025 71,013 2.4x $ 683,298 (1,443,046) 1,632,467 121,670 43,982 2.6x $ 520,938 (1,679,149) 1,054,947 93,663 54,871 2.5x Other Data: EBITDA(2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EBITDA As Defined(2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 2,148,318 $ 2,418,801 $1,778,409 $1,876,558 $ 1,581,044 $ 1,710,563 $ 1,373,636 $ 1,495,196 $ 1,149,272 $ 1,233,654 (1) For purposes of computing the ratio of earnings to fixed charges, earnings consist of earnings from continuing operations before income taxes plus fixed charges. Fixed charges consist of interest expense, amortization of debt issuance costs, original issue discount and premium and the portion (approximately 29 33%) of rental expense that management believes is representative of the interest component of rental expense. (2) EBITDA represents earnings from continuing operations before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization. EBITDA As Defined represents EBITDA plus, as applicable for each relevant period, certain adjustments as set forth in the reconciliation of net income to EBITDA and EBITDA As Defined and the reconciliation of net cash provided by operating activities to EBITDA and EBITDA As Defined presented below. See “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” for additional information and limitations regarding these non-GAAP financial measures. The following table sets forth a reconciliation of net income to EBITDA and EBITDA As Defined: Income from continuing operations . . . . . . . Adjustments: Depreciation and amortization expense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Interest expense, net Income tax provision . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EBITDA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Adjustments: Inventory purchase accounting adjustments(1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Acquisition integration costs(2) Acquisition transaction-related expenses(3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Stock compensation expense(4) . . . . . . . Refinancing costs(5) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other, net(6) Fiscal Years Ended September 30, 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 $ 840,879 $ 961,536 (in thousands) $ 628,541 $ 586,414 $ 447,212 225,700 859,753 221,986 129,844 663,008 24,021 141,025 602,589 208,889 121,670 483,850 181,702 93,663 418,785 189,612 2,148,318 1,778,409 1,581,044 1,373,636 1,149,272 76,927 61,443 30,528 93,362 3,013 5,210 7,080 17,484 3,886 58,481 6,396 4,822 20,621 6,341 4,229 45,524 39,807 12,997 23,449 18,539 15,711 48,306 15,794 (239) 11,362 12,554 12,289 31,500 18,393 (1,716) EBITDA As Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $2,418,801 $1,876,558 $1,710,563 $1,495,196 $1,233,654 (1) Represents accounting adjustments to inventory associated with acquisitions of businesses and product lines that were charged to cost of sales when the inventory was sold. (2) Represents costs incurred to integrate acquired businesses and product lines into TD Group’s operations, facility relocation costs and other acquisition-related costs. (3) Represents transaction-related costs comprising deal fees; legal, financial and tax due diligence expenses; and valuation costs that are required to be expensed as incurred. (4) Represents the compensation expense recognized by TD Group under our stock incentive plans. (5) Represents costs expensed related to debt financing activities, including new issuances, extinguishments, refinancings and amendments to existing agreements. (6) Primarily represents foreign currency transaction gains or losses, payroll withholding taxes on dividend equivalent payments and stock option exercises, non-service related pension costs, deferred compensation and gains or losses on the sale of fixed assets. 30 The following table sets forth a reconciliation of net cash provided by operating activities to EBITDA and EBITDA As Defined: Net cash provided by operating activities . . . Adjustments: $1,015,472 $1,022,173 2019 2018 2017 (in thousands) $ 788,733 2016 2015 $ 683,298 $ 520,938 Fiscal Years Ended September 30, Changes in assets and liabilities, net of effects from acquisitions of businesses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Interest expense, net(1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Income tax provision—current(2) . . . . . Stock compensation expense(3) . . . . . . . Excess tax benefit from exercise of stock options(2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Refinancing costs(4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EBITDA from discontinued 205,112 831,719 209,212 (93,362) 4,936 640,880 175,661 (58,481) 83,753 581,483 215,385 (45,524) 110,905 467,639 175,894 (48,306) 24,322 402,988 188,952 (31,500) — (3,013) — (6,396) — (39,807) — (15,794) 61,965 (18,393) operations(9) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (16,822) (364) (2,979) — — EBITDA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Adjustments: Inventory purchase accounting adjustments(5) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Acquisition integration costs(6) Acquisition transaction-related expenses(7) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Stock compensation expense(3) . . . . . . . Refinancing costs(4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other, net(8) 2,148,318 1,778,409 1,581,044 1,373,636 1,149,272 76,927 61,443 30,528 93,362 3,013 5,210 7,080 17,484 3,886 58,481 6,396 4,822 20,621 6,341 4,229 45,524 39,807 12,997 23,449 18,539 15,711 48,306 15,794 (239) 11,362 12,554 12,289 31,500 18,393 (1,716) EBITDA As Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $2,418,801 $1,876,558 $1,710,563 $1,495,196 $1,233,654 (1) Represents interest expense excluding the amortization of debt issuance costs, original issue discount and premium. (2) Beginning with the fiscal year ended September 30, 2016, the income tax provision and excess tax benefit from exercise of stock options were impacted by the adoption of ASU 2016-09, “Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting.” (3) Represents the compensation expense recognized by TD Group under our stock incentive plans. (4) Represents costs expensed related to debt financing activities, including new issuances, extinguishments, refinancings and amendments to existing agreements. (5) Represents accounting adjustments to inventory associated with acquisitions of businesses and product lines that were charged to cost of sales when the inventory was sold. (6) Represents costs incurred to integrate acquired businesses and product lines into TD Group’s operations, facility relocation costs and other acquisition-related costs. (7) Represents transaction-related costs comprising deal fees; legal, financial and tax due diligence expenses; and valuation costs that are required to be expensed as incurred. (8) Primarily represents foreign currency transaction gains or losses, payroll withholding taxes on dividend equivalent payments and stock option exercises, non-service related pension costs, deferred compensation and gains or losses on the sale of fixed assets. (9) The fiscal 2019 results include the divestitures of Souriau-Sunbank (expected first quarter of fiscal 2020) and EIT (September 2019). The fiscal 2018 and 2017 results include the divestiture of Schroth (January 2018). Refer to Note 23, “Discontinued Operations,” to the consolidated financial statements for further information. 31 ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS The following discussion of our financial condition and results of operations should be read together with “Selected Financial Data” and TD Group’s consolidated financial statements and the related notes included elsewhere in this report. The following discussion may contain predictions, estimates and other forward-looking statements that involve a number of risks and uncertainties, including those discussed under the heading entitled “Risk Factors” included elsewhere in this report. These risks could cause our actual results to differ materially from any future performance suggested below. Overview For fiscal year 2019, we generated net sales of $5,223.2 million, gross profit of $2,809.3 million or 53.8% of sales, and net income of $889.8 million. We believe we have achieved steady, long-term growth in sales and improvements in operating performance since our formation in 1993 due to our competitive strengths and through execution of our value-driven operating strategy. More specifically, focusing our businesses on our value-driven operating strategy of obtaining profitable new business, carefully controlling the cost structure and pricing our highly engineered value-added products to fairly reflect the value we provide and the resources required to do so has historically resulted in improvements in gross profit and income from operations over the long term. Our selective acquisition strategy has also contributed to the growth of our business. The integration of certain acquisitions into our existing businesses combined with implementing our proven operating strategy has historically resulted in improvements of the financial performance of the acquired business. We believe our key competitive strengths include: Large and Growing Installed Product Base with Aftermarket Revenue Stream. We provide components to a large and growing installed base of aircraft to which we supply aftermarket products. We estimate that our products are installed on over 100,000 commercial transport, regional transport, military and general aviation fixed wing turbine aircraft and rotary wing aircraft. Diversified Revenue Base. We believe that our diversified revenue base reduces our dependence on any particular product, platform or market channel and has been a significant factor in maintaining our financial performance. Our products are installed on almost all of the major commercial aircraft platforms now in production. We expect to continue to develop new products for military and commercial applications. Barriers to Entry. We believe that the niche nature of our markets, the industry’s stringent regulatory and certification requirements, the large number of products that we sell and the investments necessary to develop and certify products create potential disincentives to competition for certain products. Our business strategy is made up of two key elements: (1) a value-driven operating strategy focused around our three core value drivers and (2) a selective acquisition strategy. Value-Driven Operating Strategy. Our three core value drivers are: • Obtaining Profitable New Business. We attempt to obtain profitable new business by using our technical expertise and application skill and our detailed knowledge of our customer base and the individual niche markets in which we operate. We have regularly been successful in identifying and developing both aftermarket and OEM products to drive our growth. • Improving Our Cost Structure. We are committed to maintaining and continuously improving our lean cost structure through detailed attention to the cost of each of the products that we offer and our organizational structure, with a focus on reducing the cost of each. 32 • Providing Highly Engineered Value-Added Products to Customers. We focus on the engineering, manufacturing and marketing of a broad range of highly engineered niche products that we believe provide value to our customers. We believe we have been consistently successful in communicating to our customers the value of our products. This has generally enabled us to price our products to fairly reflect the value we provide and the resources required to do so. Selective Acquisition Strategy. We selectively pursue the acquisition of proprietary aerospace component businesses when we see an opportunity to create value through the application of our three core value-driven operating strategies. The aerospace industry, in particular, remains highly fragmented, with many of the companies in the industry being small private businesses or small non-core operations of larger businesses. We have significant experience among our management team in executing acquisitions and integrating acquired businesses into our company and culture. As of the date of this report, we have successfully acquired approximately 85 businesses and/or product lines since our formation in 1993. Many of these acquisitions have been integrated into an existing TransDigm production facility, which enables a higher production capacity utilization, which in turn improves gross profit levels due to the ability to spread the fixed manufacturing overhead costs over higher production volume. In fiscal 2019, we completed our largest acquisition to date when we acquired Esterline. Esterline, through its subsidiaries, is an industry leader in specialized manufacturing for the aerospace and defense industry, including significant aftermarket exposure, primarily within three core disciplines: advanced materials, avionics and controls and sensors and systems. Acquisitions and divestitures during the most recent three fiscal years are more fully described in Note 2, “Acquisitions and Divestitures,” in the notes to the consolidated financial statements included herein. Critical Accounting Policies Our consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with GAAP, which often requires the judgment of management in the selection and application of certain accounting principles and methods. Management believes that the quality and reasonableness of our most critical policies enable the fair presentation of our financial position and results of operations. However, investors are cautioned that the sensitivity of financial statements to these methods, assumptions and estimates could create materially different results under different conditions or using different assumptions. Below are those policies applied in preparing our financial statements that management believes are the most dependent on the application of estimates and assumptions. For additional accounting policies, see Note 3, “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies,” in the notes to the consolidated financial statements included herein. Revenue Recognition: In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2014-09, which created a new topic in the Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers.” In addition to superseding and replacing nearly all existing U.S. GAAP revenue recognition guidance, including industry-specific guidance, ASC 606 requires an entity to recognize revenue in a manner that depicts the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The standard also specifies the accounting of some costs to obtain or fulfill a contract with a customer and expands the disclosure requirements around contracts with customers. The Company adopted this standard in the first quarter of fiscal 2019 using the modified retrospective method. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on our consolidated results of operations, financial position or cash flows. The results for periods before fiscal 2019 were not restated for the new standard and the cumulative effect of the change in accounting was recognized through retained earnings at the date of adoption. Refer to Note 5, “Revenue Recognition,” for additional disclosures relating to ASC 606. Revenue is recognized from the sale of products when control transfers to the customer, which is demonstrated by our right to payment, a transfer of title, a transfer of the risk and rewards of ownership, or the 33 customer acceptance, but most frequently upon shipment where the customer obtains physical possession of the goods. The majority of the Company’s revenue is recorded at a point in time. Sales recognized over time are generally accounted for using an input measure to determine progress completed at the end of the period. Sales for service contracts generally are recognized as the services are provided. For agreements with multiple performance obligations, judgment is required to determine whether performance obligations specified in these agreements are distinct and should be accounted for as separate revenue transactions for recognition purposes. Inventories: Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost of inventories is generally determined by the average cost and the first-in, first-out (FIFO) methods and includes material, labor and overhead related to the manufacturing process. Because the Company sells products that are installed on airframes that can be in-service for 25 or more years, it must keep a supply of such products on hand while the airframes are in use. Where management estimated that the net realizable value was below cost or determined that future demand was lower than current inventory levels, based on historical experience, current and projected market demand, current and projected volume trends and other relevant current and projected factors associated with the current economic conditions, a reduction in inventory cost to estimated net realizable value was made by recording a provision included in cost of sales. Although management believes that the Company’s estimates of excess and obsolete inventory are reasonable, actual results may differ materially from the estimates and additional provisions may be required in the future. In addition, in accordance with industry practice, all inventories are classified as current assets as all inventories are available and necessary to support current sales, even though a portion of the inventories may not be sold within one year. Historically, changes in estimates in the net realizable value of inventories have not been significant. Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets: In accordance with ASC 805, “Business Combinations,” the Company uses the acquisition method of accounting to allocate costs of acquired businesses to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair values at the dates of acquisition. The excess costs of acquired businesses over the fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed were recognized as goodwill. The valuations of the acquired assets and liabilities will impact the determination of future operating results. Determining the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed requires management’s judgment and often involves the use of significant estimates and assumptions, including assumptions with respect to future cash inflows and outflows, revenue growth rates, discount rates, customer attrition rates, royalty rates, asset lives and market multiples, among other items. We determine the fair values of intangible assets acquired generally in consultation with third-party valuation advisors. Fair value adjustments to the Company’s assets and liabilities are recognized and the results of operations of the acquired business are included in our consolidated financial statements from the effective date of the merger or acquisition. Intangible assets other than goodwill are recognized if the benefit of the intangible asset is obtained through contractual or other legal rights, or if the intangible asset can be sold, transferred, licensed or exchanged, regardless of the Company’s intent to do so. Goodwill and identifiable intangible assets are recorded at their estimated fair value on the date of acquisition and are reviewed at least annually for impairment based on cash flow projections and fair value estimates. GAAP requires that the annual, and any interim, impairment assessment be performed at the reporting unit level. The reporting unit level is one level below an operating segment. Substantially all goodwill was determined and recognized for each reporting unit pursuant to the accounting for the merger or acquisition as of the date of each transaction. With respect to acquisitions integrated into an existing reporting unit, any acquired goodwill is combined with the goodwill of the reporting unit. At the time of goodwill impairment testing, the Company first assesses qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, and whether it is necessary to perform the quantitative goodwill impairment test. The quantitative test is required only if the Company concludes that it is more likely than not that a reporting unit’s fair value is less than its carrying amount, or if the Company elects not to perform a qualitative assessment of a reporting unit. For the 34 quantitative test, management determines the estimated fair value through the use of a discounted cash flow valuation model incorporating discount rates commensurate with the risks involved for each reporting unit. If the calculated estimated fair value is less than the current carrying value, impairment of goodwill of the reporting unit may exist. The use of a discounted cash flow valuation model to determine estimated fair value is common practice in impairment testing. The key assumptions used in the discounted cash flow valuation model for impairment testing includes discount rates, growth rates, cash flow projections and terminal value rates. Discount rates are set by using the Weighted Average Cost of Capital (“WACC”) methodology. The WACC methodology considers market and industry data as well as company specific risk factors for each reporting unit in determining the appropriate discount rates to be used. The discount rate utilized for each reporting unit is indicative of the return an investor would expect to receive for investing in such a business. Management, considering industry and company-specific historical and projected data, develops growth rates, sales projections and cash flow projections for each reporting unit. Terminal value rate determination follows common methodology of capturing the present value of perpetual cash flow estimates beyond the last projected period assuming a constant WACC and low long-term growth rates. As an indicator that each reporting unit has been valued appropriately through the use of the discounted cash flow valuation model, the aggregate of all reporting unit’s estimated fair value is reconciled to the total market capitalization of the Company. The Company had 54 reporting units with goodwill as of the first day of the fourth quarter of fiscal 2019, the date of the last annual impairment test. The estimated fair values of each of the reporting units was substantially in excess of their respective carrying values, and therefore, no goodwill impairment was recorded. The Company performed a sensitivity analysis on the discount rate, which is a significant assumption in the calculation of fair values. With a one percentage point increase in the discount rate, all of the reporting units would continue to have fair values in excess of their respective carrying values. Management tests indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment at the asset level, as determined by appropriate asset valuation at the time of acquisition. The impairment test for indefinite-lived intangible assets consists of a comparison between the estimated fair values and carrying values. If the carrying amounts of intangible assets that have indefinite useful lives exceed their estimated fair values, an impairment loss will be recognized in an amount equal to the difference. Management utilizes the royalty savings valuation method to determine the estimated fair value for each indefinite-lived intangible asset. In this method, management estimates the royalty savings arising from the ownership of the intangible asset. The key assumptions used in estimating the royalty savings for impairment testing include discount rates, royalty rates, growth rates, sales projections and terminal value rates. Discount rates used are similar to the rates developed by the WACC methodology considering any differences in company-specific risk factors between reporting units and the indefinite-lived intangible assets. Royalty rates are established by management with the advice of valuation experts and periodically substantiated by valuation experts. Management, considering industry and company- specific historical and projected data, develops growth rates and sales projections for each significant intangible asset. Terminal value rate determination follows common methodology of capturing the present value of perpetual sales estimates beyond the last projected period assuming a constant WACC and low long-term growth rates. The discounted cash flow and royalty savings valuation methodologies require management to make certain assumptions based upon information available at the time the valuations are performed. Actual results could differ from these assumptions. Management believes the assumptions used are reflective of what a market participant would have used in calculating fair value considering the current economic conditions. Stock-Based Compensation: The cost of the Company’s stock-based compensation is recorded in accordance with ASC 718, “Stock Compensation.” The Company uses a Black-Scholes pricing model to estimate the grant-date fair value of the stock options awarded. The Black-Scholes pricing model requires assumptions regarding the expected volatility of the Company’s common shares, the risk-free interest rate, the expected life of the stock options award and the Company’s dividend yield. The Company utilizes historical data in determining 35 these assumptions. An increase or decrease in the assumptions or economic events outside of management’s control could have an impact on the Black-Scholes pricing model. Income Taxes: The Company estimates income taxes in each jurisdiction in which it operates. This involves estimating taxable earnings, specific taxable and deductible items, the likelihood of generating sufficient future taxable income to utilize deferred tax assets and possible exposures related to future tax audits. To the extent these estimates change, adjustments to deferred and accrued income taxes are made in the period in which the changes occur. Historically, such adjustments have not been significant. Results of Operations The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, certain operating data of the Company, including presentation of the amounts as a percentage of net sales (amounts in thousands): Fiscal Years Ended September 30, 2019 2019 % of Sales 2018 2018 % of Sales 2017 2017 % of Sales Net sales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cost of sales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Selling and administrative expenses . . Amortization of intangible assets . . . . $5,223,203 2,413,932 747,773 134,952 100.0% $3,811,126 46.2% 1,633,616 449,676 14.3% 72,454 2.6% 100.0% $3,504,286 42.9% 1,519,659 412,555 11.8% 89,226 1.9% Income from operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Interest expense—net Refinancing costs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other expense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Income tax provision . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,926,546 859,753 3,013 915 221,986 36.9% 1,655,380 663,008 16.5% 6,396 0.1% 419 — % 24,021 4.2% 43.4% 1,482,846 602,589 17.4% 39,807 0.2% 3,020 — % 208,889 0.6% 100.0% 43.4% 11.8% 2.5% 42.3% 17.2% 1.1% 0.1% 6.0% Income from continuing operations including noncontrolling interests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Income (loss) from discontinued 840,879 16.1% 961,536 25.2% 628,541 17.9% operations, net of tax . . . . . . . . . . . . 50,432 1.0% (4,474) (0.1)% (31,654) (0.9)% Net income including noncontrolling interests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 891,311 17.1% 957,062 25.1% 596,887 17.0% Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests . . . . . . . . . . (1,541) — % — — % — — % Net income attributable to TD Group . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 889,770 17.0% $ 957,062 25.1% $ 596,887 17.0% Fiscal year ended September 30, 2019 compared with fiscal year ended September 30, 2018 Total Company • Net Sales. Net organic sales and acquisition sales and the related dollar and percentage changes for the fiscal years ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 were as follows (amounts in millions): Organic sales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Acquisition sales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fiscal Years Ended September 30, 2019 September 30, 2018 Change $4,212.7 1,010.5 $5,223.2 $3,811.1 — $3,811.1 $ 401.6 1,010.5 $1,412.1 % Change Total Sales 10.5% 26.5% 37.0% 36 The increase in organic sales for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2019 compared with fiscal year ended September 30, 2018, is primarily related to an increase in defense sales ($180.8 million, an increase of 13.6%), commercial OEM sales ($115.1 million, an increase of 11.9%) and commercial aftermarket sales ($105.5 million, an increase of 7.9%). Acquisition sales represent sales of acquired businesses for the period up to one year subsequent to their respective acquisition dates. The amount of acquisition sales displayed in the table above for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2019 are attributable to the acquisitions of Esterline (March 2019), Skandia (July 2018), Extant (April 2018) and Kirkhill (March 2018). • Cost of Sales and Gross Profit. Cost of sales increased by $780.3 million, or 47.8%, to $2,413.9 million for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2019 compared to $1,633.6 million for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2018. Cost of sales and the related percentage of total sales for the fiscal years ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 were as follows (amounts in millions): Cost of sales—excluding costs below . . . . . . . . . . . . . % of total sales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Inventory acquisition accounting adjustments . . . . . . . % of total sales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Stock compensation expense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . % of total sales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Acquisition integration costs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . % of total sales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Foreign currency gain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . % of total sales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fiscal Years Ended September 30, 2019 September 30, 2018 Change % Change $2,319.4 $1,607.2 $712.2 44.3% 44.4% 76.9 1.5% 9.3 0.2% 13.1 0.3% (4.8) (0.1)% 42.2% 7.1 0.2% 5.9 0.2% 13.8 0.4% (0.4) — % 69.8 983.1% 3.4 57.6% (0.7) (5.1)% (4.4) (1,100.0)% Total cost of sales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $2,413.9 $1,633.6 $780.3 47.8% % of total sales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46.2% 42.9% Gross profit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $2,809.3 $2,177.5 $631.8 29.0% Gross profit percentage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53.8% 57.1% The net increase in the dollar amount of cost of sales during the fiscal year ended September 30, 2019 was primarily due to increased sales volume, both organic and from recent acquisitions, an increase in inventory acquisition accounting adjustments resulting from the Esterline acquisition, and an increase in stock compensation expense. The increases were partially offset by a decrease in acquisition integration costs and higher foreign currency gains as presented in the table above. Gross profit as a percentage of sales decreased by 3.3 percentage points to 53.8% for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2019 from 57.1% for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2018. The dollar amount of gross profit increased by $631.8 million, or 29.0%, for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2019 compared to the fiscal year ended September 30, 2018 due to the following items: • Gross profit on the sales from the acquisitions (excluding acquisition-related costs) was approximately $416.1 million for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2019, which represented gross profit of approximately 41% of the acquisition sales. • Organic sales growth described above, application of our three core value-driven operating strategies and positive leverage on our fixed overhead costs spread over a higher production volume resulted in an increase in gross profit of approximately $283.8 million for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2019. 37 • Offsetting increases in gross profit by $68.1 million compared to the prior fiscal year was attributable to increased inventory acquisition accounting adjustments, increased stock compensation expense, partially offset by a decrease in acquisition integration costs and higher foreign currency gains. • Selling and Administrative Expenses. Selling and administrative expenses increased by $298.6 million to $748.7 million, or 14.3% of sales, for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2019 from $450.1 million, or 11.8% of sales, for the comparable period last year. Selling and administrative expenses and the related percentage of total sales for the fiscal years ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 were as follows (amounts in millions): Fiscal Years Ended September 30, 2019 September 30, 2018 Change % Change Selling and administrative expenses—excluding costs below . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . % of total sales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Acquisition-related expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . % of total sales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Stock compensation expense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . % of total sales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $585.9 $389.9 $196.0 50.3% 11.2% 78.8 1.5% 84.0 1.6% 10.2% 7.6 0.2% 52.6 1.4% 71.2 936.8% 31.4 59.7% Total selling and administrative expenses . . . . . . . . . . $748.7 $450.1 $298.6 66.3% % of total sales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.3% 11.8% The increase in the dollar amount of selling and administrative expenses during the fiscal year ended September 30, 2019 is primarily due to higher acquisition-related expenses of $71.2 million, higher stock compensation expense of $31.4 million and higher selling and administrative expenses resulting from primarily the acquisition of Esterline in March 2019. Also contributing to the increase in selling and administrative expenses was a $16.1 million payment of a voluntary refund to several U.S. Department of Defense agencies that occurred in the third quarter of fiscal 2019. • Amortization of Intangible Assets. Amortization of intangible assets was $135.0 million for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2019 compared to $72.5 million for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2018. The increase in amortization expense of $62.5 million was primarily due to the amortization expense on the definite-lived intangible assets recorded in connection with the fiscal 2019 acquisition of Esterline. • Refinancing Costs. Refinancing costs of $3.0 million were recorded for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2019 and primarily related to the debt financing activities that occurred in the second quarter of fiscal 2019. Refinancing costs of $6.4 million were recorded for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2018 representing debt issuance costs expensed in connection with the fiscal 2018 debt financing activity. • Interest Expense-net. Interest expense-net includes interest on borrowings outstanding, amortization of debt issuance costs, original issue discount and premium and revolving credit facility fees slightly offset by interest income. Interest expense-net increased $196.8 million, or 29.7%, to $859.8 million for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2019 from $663.0 million for the comparable period last year. The net increase in interest expense-net was primarily due to an increase in the weighted average level of outstanding borrowings, which was approximately $15.5 billion for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2019 compared to approximately $12.6 billion for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2018. The increase in weighted average level of borrowings was primarily due to the activity in the second quarter of fiscal 2019 consisting of the issuance of $4.0 billion in 2026 Secured Notes and $550 million in 2027 Notes and the activity in the third quarter of fiscal 2018 consisting of issuing additional term loans of $700 million (gross) and issuing $500 million in 6.875% 2026 Notes. The increases in new debt described above were partially offset by principal payments on the term loans 38 • • over the comparable period and redemption of the 2020 Notes. The weighted average interest rate for cash interest payments on total borrowings outstanding at September 30, 2019 was 5.6%. Income Taxes. Income tax expense as a percentage of income before income taxes was approximately 20.9% for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2019 compared to 2.4% for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2018. The Company’s higher effective tax rate for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2019 was primarily due benefits recognized in the fiscal year ended September 30, 2018 related to the enactment of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act along with additional taxes recognized in the fiscal year ended September 30, 2019 as described in Note 14, “Income Taxes.” Income (Loss) from Discontinued Operations. On July 21, 2019, the Company entered into a binding offer for the acquisition by Eaton Corporation plc of the shares of Souriau-Sunbank for approximately $920 million. The parties are expected to complete the transaction during the first quarter of fiscal 2020. Therefore, Souriau-Sunbank is classified as held-for-sale as of September 30, 2019. The results of operations of Souriau-Sunbank are presented in discontinued operations in the accompanying consolidated financial statements for all periods presented since the date acquired. On September 20, 2019, the Company completed the divestiture of its EIT group of businesses to an affiliate of KPS Capital Partners, LP for approximately $190 million. The income from discontinued operations was $50.4 million for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2019, which includes the operating results for Souriau-Sunbank and EIT. On January 26, 2018, the Company completed the sale of Schroth in a management buy out to a private equity fund and certain members of Schroth management for approximately $61.4 million which included a working capital adjustment of $0.3 million paid in July 2018. The loss from discontinued operations was $(4.5) million for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2018. • Net Income Attributable to TD Group. Net income attributable to TD Group decreased $67.3 million, or 7.0%, to $889.8 million for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2019 compared to net income attributable to TD Group of $957.1 million for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2018, primarily as a result of the factors referred to above. • Earnings per Share. Basic and diluted earnings per share from continuing operations and discontinued operations were $12.94 and $0.90, respectively for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2019. For the fiscal year ended September 30, 2018, basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share from continuing operations and discontinued operations were $16.28 and $(0.08), respectively. Net income attributable to TD Group for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2019 of $889.8 million was decreased by dividend equivalent payments of $111.0 million, or $1.97 per share, resulting in net income available to common shareholders of $778.7 million, or $13.84 per share. Net income attributable to TD Group for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2018 of $957.1 million was decreased by dividend equivalent payments of $56.1 million, or $1.01 per share, resulting in net income available to common shareholders of $900.9 million, or $16.20 per share. The decrease of $2.36 per share is a result of the factors referred to above. Business Segments • Segment Net Sales. Net sales by segment for the fiscal years ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 were as follows (amounts in millions): Fiscal Years Ended September 30, 2019 % of Sales 2018 % of Sales Change % Change . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Power & Control Airframe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Non-aviation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $2,735.6 2,329.4 158.2 52.4% $2,139.1 44.6% 1,530.9 141.0 3.0% 56.1% $ 596.5 798.5 40.2% 17.2 3.7% $5,223.2 100.0% $3,811.0 100.0% $1,412.2 27.9% 52.2% 12.2% 37.1% 39 Acquisition sales for the Power & Control segment totaled $359.3 million, or an increase of 16.8%, resulting from the acquisitions of Esterline and Extant. Organic sales for the Power & Control segment increased $237.2 million, an increase of 11.1%, for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2019 compared to the fiscal year ended September 30, 2018. The organic sales increase resulted primarily from an increase in defense sales ($128.0 million, an increase of 12.8%), an increase in commercial aftermarket sales ($59.3 million, an increase of 9.4%) and an increase in commercial OEM sales ($52.4 million, an increase of 11.5%). Acquisition sales for the Airframe segment totaled $639.2 million, or an increase of 41.7%, resulting from the acquisitions of Esterline, Kirkhill and Skandia. Organic sales for the Airframe segment increased $159.3 million, an increase of 10.4%, for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2019 compared to the fiscal year ended September 30, 2018. The organic sales increase resulted primarily from an increase in commercial OEM sales ($61.9 million, an increase of 12.5%), an increase in defense sales ($52.4 million, an increase of 16.3%) and an increase in commercial aftermarket sales ($46.2 million, an increase of 6.6%). Acquisition sales for the Non-aviation segment totaled $12.0 million, or an increase of 8.5%, resulting from the acquisition of Esterline. Organic sales for the Non-aviation segment increased by $5.2 million, an increase of 3.6%, for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2019 compared to the fiscal year ended September 30, 2018. • EBITDA As Defined. EBITDA As Defined by segment for the fiscal years ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 were as follows (amounts in millions): Power & Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Airframe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Non-aviation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fiscal Years Ended September 30, 2019 $1,395.1 1,062.7 50.6 $2,508.4 % of Segment Sales 51.0% 45.6% 32.0% 48.0% 2018 $1,114.4 759.3 44.3 $1,918.0 % of Segment Sales Change % Change 52.1% 49.6% 31.4% 50.3% $280.7 303.4 6.3 $590.4 25.2% 40.0% 14.2% 30.8% EBITDA As Defined for the Power & Control segment from the acquisitions of Esterline and Extant was approximately $107.5 million for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2019. Organic EBITDA As Defined for the Power & Control segment increased approximately $173.2 million, an increase of 15.5%, resulting from organic sales growth in defense, commercial aftermarket and commercial OEM, along with the application of our three core value-driven operating strategies and positive leverage on our fixed overhead costs spread over a higher production volume. EBITDA As Defined for the Airframe segment from the acquisitions of Esterline, Kirkhill and Skandia was approximately $191.5 million for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2019. Organic EBITDA As Defined for the Airframe segment increased approximately $111.9 million, an increase of 14.7%, resulting from organic sales growth in commercial OEM, defense and commercial aftermarket, along with the application of our three core value-driven operating strategies and positive leverage on our fixed overhead costs spread over a higher production volume. EBITDA As Defined for the Non-aviation segment from the acquisition of Esterline was approximately $1.2 million for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2019. Organic EBITDA As Defined for the Non-aviation segment increased approximately $5.1 million, an increase of 11.5%. Fiscal year ended September 30, 2018 compared with fiscal year ended September 30, 2017 For our results of operations for fiscal 2018 compared with fiscal 2017, refer to the discussion in Item 7. “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” of Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2018, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 9, 2018. 40 Backlog For information about our backlog, see Item 1. “Business.” Foreign Operations Our direct sales to foreign customers were approximately $1,778.4 million, $1,355.1 million, and $1,318.9 million for the fiscal years 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Sales to foreign customers are subject to numerous additional risks, including foreign currency fluctuations, the impact of foreign government regulations, political uncertainties and differences in business practices. There can be no assurance that foreign governments will not adopt regulations or take other action that would have a direct or indirect adverse impact on the business or market opportunities of the Company within such governments’ countries. Furthermore, there can be no assurance that the political, cultural and economic climate outside the United States will be favorable to our operations and growth strategy. Inflation Many of the Company’s raw materials and operating expenses are sensitive to the effects of inflation, which could result in changing operating costs. Furthermore, recently implemented changes to U.S. and other countries’ tariff and import/export regulations may have an unfavorable impact on raw materials pricing. The effects of inflation on the Company’s businesses during the fiscal years 2019, 2018 and 2017 were immaterial. Liquidity and Capital Resources We have historically maintained a capital structure comprising a mix of equity and debt financing. We vary our leverage both to optimize our equity return and to pursue acquisitions. We expect to meet our current debt obligations as they come due through internally generated funds from current levels of operations and/or through refinancing in the debt markets prior to the maturity dates of our debt. We continually evaluate our debt facilities to assess whether they most efficiently and effectively meet the current and future needs of our business. The Company evaluates from time to time the appropriateness of its current leverage, taking into consideration the Company’s debt holders, equity holders, credit ratings, acquisition opportunities and other factors. The Company’s debt leverage ratio, which is computed as total debt divided by EBITDA As Defined for the applicable twelve-month period, has varied widely during the Company’s history, ranging from approximately 3.5 to 7.2. Our debt leverage ratio at September 30, 2019 was approximately 7.0. If the Company has excess cash, it generally prioritizes allocating the excess cash in the following manner: (1) capital spending at existing businesses, (2) acquisitions of businesses, (3) payment of a special dividend and/ or repurchases of our common stock and (4) prepayment of indebtedness or repurchase of debt. Whether the Company undertakes common stock repurchases or other aforementioned activities will depend on prevailing market conditions, the Company’s liquidity requirements, contractual restrictions and other factors. The amounts involved may be material. In addition, the Company may issue additional debt if prevailing market conditions are favorable to doing so. The Company’s ability to make scheduled interest payments on, or to refinance, the Company’s indebtedness, or to fund non-acquisition related capital expenditures and research and development efforts, will depend on the Company’s ability to generate cash in the future. This is subject to general economic, financial, competitive, legislative, regulatory and other factors that are beyond its control. As a result of the debt financing transactions completed during the fiscal year ended September 30, 2019 as described in Note 12, “Debt,” to the consolidated financial statements, and completed in the first quarter of fiscal 2020 as described in the paragraphs below and in Note 26, “Subsequent Events,” to the consolidated financial 41 statements, interest payments will increase going forward in accordance with the terms of the related debt agreements. However, in connection with the continued application of our three core value-driven operating strategies (obtaining profitable new business, continually improving our cost structure and providing highly engineered value-added products to customers), we expect our efforts will continue to generate strong margins and provide more than sufficient cash provided by operating activities to meet our interest obligations and liquidity needs. We believe our cash provided by operating activities and available borrowing capacity will enable us to make strategic business combinations, pay dividends to our shareholders and/or make opportunistic investments in our own stock. On October 29, 2019, the Company entered into a purchase agreement in connection with a private offering of $2.65 billion aggregate principal amount in 5.50% senior subordinated notes due November 15, 2027. The settlement of the debt financing transaction occurred on November 13, 2019. The notes were issued at a price of 100% of their principal amount. The Company will use a portion of the net proceeds from the offering of the notes to redeem all of its outstanding (aggregate principal amount of $1.15 billion) 6.000% senior subordinated notes due 2022. The remaining net proceeds will be used for general corporate purposes, which may include potential future acquisitions, dividends or repurchases under its stock repurchase program. Two recent divestitures of businesses within the Non-aviation segment are expected to provide approximately $1.1 billion in gross cash proceeds to TransDigm. On September 20, 2019, TransDigm completed the divestiture of its Esterline Interface Technology (“EIT”) group of businesses to an affiliate of KPS Capital Partners, LP for approximately $190 million. EIT was acquired by TransDigm as part of its approximately $4.0 billion acquisition of Esterline in March 2019. In the first quarter of fiscal 2020, TransDigm is expected to complete the sale of the shares of the Souriau-Sunbank Companies (“Souriau-Sunbank”) to Eaton Corporation plc for approximately $920 million. Souriau-Sunbank was also acquired by TransDigm as part of its acquisition of Esterline. On August 23, 2019, the Company paid a special cash dividend of $30.00 on each outstanding share of common stock and cash dividend equivalent payments on options granted under its stock incentive plans. The total cash payments related to the special dividend and dividend equivalent payments in fiscal 2019 were approximately $1.7 billion. We do not anticipate declaring regular quarterly or annual cash dividends on our common stock in the near future. Any declaration of special cash dividends on our common stock in the future will be at the discretion of our Board of Directors and will depend upon our results of operations, earnings, capital requirements, financial condition, future prospects, contractual restrictions under the senior secured credit facility and Indentures, the availability of surplus under Delaware law and other factors deemed relevant by our Board of Directors. TD Group is a holding company and conducts all of its operations through direct and indirect subsidiaries. Unless TD Group receives dividends, distributions, advances, transfers of funds or other payments from our subsidiaries, TD Group will be unable to pay any dividends on our common stock in the future. The ability of any subsidiaries to take any of the foregoing actions is limited by the terms of our senior secured credit facility and Indentures and may be limited by future debt or other agreements that we may enter into. In the future, the Company may increase its borrowings in connection with acquisitions, if cash flow from operating activities becomes insufficient to fund current operations or for other short-term cash needs or for stock repurchases or dividends. Our future leverage will also be impacted by the then current conditions of the credit markets. Operating Activities. The Company generated $1,015.5 million of net cash from operating activities during fiscal 2019 compared to $1,022.2 million during fiscal 2018. The change in trade accounts receivable during fiscal 2019 was a use of $82.3 million in cash compared to a use of cash of $43.8 million in fiscal 2018. The increase in the use of cash of $38.5 million is primarily attributable to an increase in sales and related timing of receipt of payment from customers. 42 The change in inventories during fiscal 2019 was a use of cash of $35.7 million compared to a use of cash of $17.9 million in fiscal 2018. The increase in the use of cash of $17.8 million compared to prior year relates to the building up of inventories at certain reporting units during the fourth fiscal quarter of 2019 based on existing backlog for the first quarter of fiscal 2020. The change in accounts payable during fiscal 2019 was a use of cash of $1.6 million compared to a source of cash of $18.1 million in fiscal 2018 with the increase in the use of cash due to the timing of payments made to certain suppliers. The Company generated $1,022.2 million of net cash from operating activities during fiscal 2018 compared to $788.7 million during fiscal 2017. The net increase of $233.5 million is primarily attributable to an increase in income from continuing operations of $156.6 million (excludes the non-cash effects of the adjustments resulting from the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of $176.4 million). Changes in inventories, accounts payable and trade accounts receivable improved by approximately $23.4 million compared to the prior year. Investing Activities. Net cash used in investing activities was $3,889.0 million during fiscal 2019, primarily consisting of capital expenditures of $101.6 million and payments for acquisitions, net of cash acquired, of $3,976.2 million which is primarily comprised of the acquisitions of Esterline for $3,923.9 million and NavCom for $27.0 million partially offset by the net cash proceeds received from the sale of EIT of $188.8 million. The Company estimates its capital expenditures in fiscal year 2020 to be between $160 million and $190 million with the increase from previous years attributable to the Esterline businesses being under TransDigm ownership for the entire fiscal year period. The Company’s capital expenditures incurred from year to year are primarily for projects that are consistent with our three core value-driven operating strategies (obtaining profitable new business, continually improve our cost structure and providing highly engineered value-added products to customers). In the first quarter of fiscal 2020, we expect to complete the sale of Souriau-Sunbank and receive approximately $920 million in gross cash proceeds from the sale. Net cash used in investing activities was $683.6 million during fiscal 2018, primarily consisting of cash paid in connection with the acquisitions of Kirkhill, Extant, and Skandia of $667.6 million and capital expenditures of $73.3 million slightly offset by the net cash proceeds received from the sale of Schroth of $57.4 million. Net cash used in investing activities was $287.0 million during fiscal 2017, primarily consisting of cash paid for the Third Quarter 2017 Acquisitions of $106.3 million, the cash settlement of the Breeze-Eastern dissenting shares litigation of $28.7 million, the acquisition of Schroth of $79.7 million and capital expenditures of $71.0 million. Financing Activities. Net cash provided by financing activities during the fiscal year ended September 30, 2019 was $2,271.4 million. The source of cash was primarily attributable to $4,479.8 million in net proceeds from the completion of the 2026 Secured Notes and 2027 Notes offerings in the second quarter of fiscal 2019 and $81.9 million in proceeds from stock option exercises. Sources were partially offset by the cash tender and redemption of the 2020 Notes for $550.0 million, repayment on term loans of $76.4 million, and the payment of $1,712.2 million in special dividend and dividend equivalent payments in fiscal 2019. In the first quarter of fiscal 2020, the Company received gross cash proceeds of approximately $2.65 billion from the completion of the 5.50% senior subordinated Notes offering. The Company will use a portion of the proceeds from the offering of the notes to redeem all of its outstanding (aggregate principal amount of $1.15 billion) 6.000% senior subordinated notes due 2022. The remaining net proceeds will be used for general corporate purposes, which may include potential future acquisitions, dividends or repurchases under its stock repurchase program. Net cash provided by financing activities during the fiscal year ended September 30, 2018 was $1,085.6 million. The source of cash was primarily due to the net proceeds of $678.6 million from the fiscal 2018 term loans activity and net proceeds of $489.6 million from the issuance of the 6.875% 2026 Notes in the third quarter of fiscal 2018, along with $57.8 million in proceeds from stock option exercises. Partially offsetting these sources of cash were $56.1 million in dividend equivalent payments made in the first quarter of fiscal 2018. 43 Net cash used in financing activities during the fiscal year ended September 30, 2017 was $1,443.7 million. The use of cash was primarily related to the aggregate payment of $2,581.6 million for a $24.00 per share special dividend declared and paid during the first quarter of fiscal 2017 and a $22.00 per share special dividend declared and paid in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2017 and dividend equivalent payments. Also contributing to the use of cash was $1,284.7 million in debt service payments on the existing term loans and the remaining principal on the tranche C term loans, redemption and related premium paid on the 2021 Notes aggregating to $528.8 million and $389.8 million related to treasury stock purchases under the Company’s share repurchase program. Slightly offsetting the uses of cash were net proceeds from the 2017 term loans (tranche F and tranche G term loans) of $2,937.7 million and the additional 2025 Notes offering of $300.4 million, $99.5 million in net proceeds from an additional A/R Securitization draw in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2017 and $21.2 million in proceeds from stock option exercises. Description of Senior Secured Term Loans and Indentures Senior Secured Credit Facilities TransDigm has $7,523.5 million in fully drawn term loans (the “Term Loans Facility”) and a $760.0 million revolving credit facility. The Term Loans Facility consists of three tranches of term loans as follows (aggregate principal amount disclosed is as of September 30, 2019): Term Loans Facility Aggregate Principal Maturity Date Interest Rate Tranche E Tranche F Tranche G $2,221.2 million $3,524.1 million $1,778.2 million May 30, 2025 June 9, 2023 August 22, 2024 LIBO rate + 2.5% LIBO rate + 2.5% LIBO rate + 2.5% The Term Loans Facility requires quarterly aggregate principal payments of $19.1 million. The revolving commitments consist of two tranches which include up to $151.5 million of multicurrency revolving commitments. At September 30, 2019, the Company had $41.5 million in letters of credit outstanding and $718.5 million in borrowings available under the revolving commitments. The interest rates per annum applicable to the loans under the Credit Agreement are, at TransDigm’s option, equal to either an alternate base rate or an adjusted LIBO rate for one, two, three or six-month (or to the extent agreed to by each relevant lender, nine or twelve-month) interest periods chosen by TransDigm, in each case plus an applicable margin percentage. The adjusted LIBO rate related to tranche E, tranche F and tranche G term loans are not subject to a floor. For the fiscal year ended September 30, 2019, the applicable interest rates ranged from approximately 4.7% to 5.0% on the existing term loans. Interest rate swaps and caps used to hedge and offset, respectively, the variable interest rates on the credit facility are described in Note 21, “Derivatives and Hedging Activities,” to the consolidated financial statements. Recent Amendments to the Credit Agreement On March 14, 2019, the Company entered into Amendment No. 6 to the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (“Amendment No. 6”). Under the terms of Amendment No. 6, the capacity of the revolving credit facility increased from $600.0 million to $760.0 million. The revolving commitments consist of two tranches which include up to $151.5 million of multicurrency revolving commitments. The terms and conditions that apply to the revolving credit facility, other than the additional revolving credit commitments, are substantially the same as the terms and conditions that applied to the revolving credit facility immediately prior to Amendment No. 6. 44 Indentures Senior Subordinated Notes Aggregate Principal Maturity Date Interest Rate 2022 Notes 2024 Notes 2025 Notes 2026 Secured Notes 6.875% 2026 Notes 6.375% 2026 Notes 2027 Notes $1,150 million $1,200 million $750 million $4,000 million $500 million $950 million $550 million July 15, 2022 July 15, 2024 May 15, 2025 March 15, 2026 May 15, 2026 June 15, 2026 March 15, 2027 6.00% 6.50% 6.50% 6.25% 6.875% 6.375% 7.50% The 2022 Notes, the 2024 Notes, the 6.375% 2026 Notes and the 2027 Notes (the “TransDigm Inc. Notes”) were issued at a price of 100% of the principal amount. The initial $450 million offering of the 2025 Notes (also considered to be part of the “TransDigm Inc. Notes”) were issued at a price of 100% of the principal amount and the subsequent $300 million offering of 2025 Notes in the second quarter of fiscal 2017 were issued at a price of 101.5% of the principal amount, resulting in gross proceeds of $304.5 million. The 6.875% 2026 Notes (the “TransDigm UK Notes” and together with the TransDigm Inc. Notes, the “Notes”) offered in May 2018 were issued at a price of 99.24% of the principal amount, resulting in gross proceeds of $496.2 million. The initial $3,800 million offering of the 2026 Secured Notes (the “Secured Notes”) were issued at a price of 100% of their principal amount and the subsequent $200 million offering of the 2026 Secured Notes in the second quarter of fiscal 2019 were issued at a price of 101% of their principal amount, resulting in gross proceeds of $4,002 million. The Notes do not require principal payments prior to their maturity. Interest under the Notes is payable semi-annually. The Notes represent our unsecured obligations ranking subordinate to our senior debt, as defined in the applicable indentures. The Notes are subordinated to all of our existing and future senior debt, rank equally with all of our existing and future senior subordinated debt and rank senior to all of our future debt that is expressly subordinated to the Notes. The TransDigm Inc. Notes are guaranteed on a senior subordinated unsecured basis by TD Group and TransDigm Inc.’s domestic restricted subsidiaries. The TransDigm UK Notes are guaranteed on a senior subordinated basis by TransDigm Inc., TD Group and TransDigm Inc.’s domestic restricted subsidiaries. The guarantees of the Notes are subordinated to all of the guarantors’ existing and future senior debt, rank equally with all of their existing and future senior subordinated debt and rank senior to all of their future debt that is expressly subordinated to the guarantees of the Notes. The Notes are structurally subordinated to all of the liabilities of TD Group’s non-guarantor subsidiaries. The Notes contain many of the restrictive covenants included in the Credit Agreement. TransDigm is in compliance with all of the covenants contained in the Notes. On January 30, 2019, the Company entered into a purchase agreement in connection with a private offering of $3.8 billion aggregate principal amount in 6.25% senior secured notes due 2026. In addition, on February 1, 2019, the Company entered into a purchase agreement in connection with a private offering of $200 million aggregate principal amount of 6.25% senior secured notes due 2026. All $4.0 billion aggregate principal amount of the secured notes constituted a single class and were issued under a single indenture (herein the “2026 Secured Notes”). The notes in the first secured notes offering were issued at a price of 100% of their principal amount and the notes in the second secured notes offering were issued at a price of 101% of their principal amount. The Notes are guaranteed, with certain exceptions, by TransDigm Group, TransDigm UK and all of TransDigm Inc.’s existing U.S. subsidiaries on a senior secured basis. The 2026 Secured Notes offerings closed on February 13, 2019 and mature on March 15, 2026. On February 13, 2019, the Company announced a cash tender offer for any and all of Esterline’s outstanding 2020 Notes. On March 15, 2019, the Company redeemed the principal amount of $550 million in 2020 Notes, plus accrued and unpaid interest of approximately $12.6 million. The Company wrote off $1.7 million in 45 unamortized debt issuance costs during the fiscal year ended September 30, 2019 in conjunction with the redemption of the 2020 Notes. On March 14, 2019, in connection with the closing of the acquisition of Esterline, the Company announced a cash tender offer for any and all of its outstanding 2023 Notes. On April 15, 2019, the Company redeemed the principal amount of approximately $373.8 million (€330.0 million as the 2023 Notes were denominated in Euros), plus accrued interest of approximately $6.8 million, the early redemption premium of $6.8 million and fees of approximately $0.2 million. On October 29, 2019, the Company entered into a purchase agreement in connection with a private offering of $2.65 billion aggregate principal amount in 5.50% senior subordinated notes due November 15, 2027. The settlement of the debt financing transaction occurred on November 13, 2019. The notes were issued at a price of 100% of their principal amount. The Company will use a portion of the net proceeds from the offering of the notes to redeem all of its outstanding 2022 Notes. The remaining net proceeds will be used for general corporate purposes, which may include potential future acquisitions, dividends or repurchases under its stock repurchase program. Certain Restrictive Covenants in Our Debt Documents The Credit Agreement and the Indentures governing the Notes contain restrictive covenants that, among other things, limit the incurrence of additional indebtedness, the payment of special dividends, transactions with affiliates, asset sales, acquisitions, mergers and consolidations, liens and encumbrances, and prepayments of certain other indebtedness. The restrictive covenants included in the Credit Agreement are subject to amendments executed periodically. The most recent amendment that impacted the restrictive covenants contained in the Credit Agreement is Amendment No. 6 which is described above in the Recent Amendments to the Credit Agreement section. Under the terms of the Credit Agreement, TransDigm is entitled, on one or more occasions, to request additional term loans or additional revolving commitments to the extent that the existing or new lenders agree to provide such incremental term loans or additional revolving commitments provided that, among other conditions, our consolidated net leverage ratio would be no greater than 7.25 to 1.00 and the consolidated secured net debt ratio would be no greater than 5.00 to 1.00, in each case, after giving effect to such incremental term loans or additional revolving commitments. The Credit Agreement requires mandatory prepayments of principal based on certain percentages of Excess Cash Flow (as defined in the Credit Agreement), commencing 90 days after the end of each fiscal year, subject to certain exceptions. In addition, subject to certain exceptions (including, with respect to asset sales, the reinvestment in productive assets), TransDigm will be required to prepay the loans outstanding under the Credit Agreement at 100% of the principal amount thereof, plus accrued and unpaid interest, with the net cash proceeds of certain asset sales and issuance or incurrence of certain indebtedness. No matters mandating prepayments occurred during the quarter ended September 30, 2019. In addition, under the Credit Agreement, if the usage of the revolving credit facility exceeds 35% of the total revolving commitments, the Company will be required to maintain a maximum consolidated net leverage ratio of net debt, as defined, to trailing four-quarter EBITDA As Defined. A breach of any of the covenants or an inability to comply with the required leverage ratio could result in a default under the Credit Agreement or the Indentures. If any such default occurs, the lenders under the Credit Agreement and the holders of the Notes may elect to declare all outstanding borrowings, together with accrued interest and other amounts payable thereunder, to be 46 immediately due and payable. The lenders under the Credit Agreement also have the right in these circumstances to terminate any commitments they have to provide further borrowings. In addition, following an event of default under the Credit Agreement, the lenders thereunder will have the right to proceed against the collateral granted to them to secure the debt, which includes our available cash, and they will also have the right to prevent us from making debt service payments on the Notes. As of September 30, 2019, the Company was in compliance with all of its debt covenants. Trade Receivables Securitization During fiscal 2014, the Company established a trade receivable securitization facility (the “Securitization Facility”). The Securitization Facility effectively increases the Company’s borrowing capacity depending on the amount of the domestic operations’ trade accounts receivable. The Securitization Facility includes the right for the Company to exercise annual one year extensions as long as there have been no termination events as defined by the agreement. The Company uses the proceeds from the Securitization Facility as an alternative to other forms of debt, effectively reducing borrowing costs. On July 30, 2019, the Company amended the Securitization Facility to extend the maturity date to July 31, 2020. As of September 30, 2019, the Company has borrowed $350 million under the Securitization Facility, which bears interest at a rate of 0.9% plus LIBOR. At September 30, 2019, the applicable interest rate was 2.94%. The Securitization Facility is collateralized by substantially all of the Company’s domestic operations’ trade accounts receivable. Stock Repurchase Program On November 8, 2017, our Board of Directors, authorized a stock repurchase program permitting repurchases of our outstanding shares not to exceed $650 million in the aggregate, subject to any restrictions specified in the Credit Agreement and/or Indentures governing the existing Notes. No repurchases were made under the program during the fiscal years ended September 30, 2019 and 2018. As of September 30, 2019, $650 million in repurchases are allowable under the program subject to any restrictions specified in the Credit Agreement and/or Indentures governing the existing Notes. 47 Contractual Obligations The following is a summary of contractual cash obligations as of September 30, 2019 (in millions): Senior Secured Term Loans(1) . . . 2022 Notes(2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2024 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2025 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.875% 2026 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . 6.375% 2026 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . 2026 Secured Notes . . . . . . . . . . . 2027 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Securitization Facility . . . . . . . . . . . Scheduled Interest Payments(3) Government Refundable Advances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Operating Leases . . . . . . . . . . . . . Capital Leases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pension Funding Minimums . . . . Purchase Obligations . . . . . . . . . . Total Contractual Cash 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 $ 76.4 — — — — — — — 350.0 912.9 3.0 22.3 1.5 9.1 631.0 $ 76.4 — — — — — — — — 888.0 3.2 31.5 2.4 7.8 57.7 $ 76.4 1,150.0 — — — — — — — 906.3 $3,457.4 — — — — — — — — 837.5 $1,728.4 — 1,200.0 — — — — — — 703.5 3.3 17.2 2.4 7.6 19.0 3.5 14.1 1.6 7.7 6.5 3.7 12.5 1.6 7.8 2.2 2025 and thereafter $2,108.4 — — 750.0 500.0 950.0 4,000.0 550.0 — 730.4 22.5 27.8 40.3 39.5 14.4 Total $ 7,523.4 1,150.0 1,200.0 750.0 500.0 950.0 4,000.0 550.0 350.0 4,978.6 39.2 125.4 49.8 79.5 730.8 Obligations . . . . . . . . . . . $2,006.2 $1,067.0 $2,182.2 $4,328.3 $3,659.7 $9,733.3 $22,976.7 (1) The tranche E term loans mature in May 2025, the tranche F term loans mature in June 2023, and the tranche G term loans mature in August 2024. The term loans require quarterly principal payments totaling $19.1 million. (2) The 2022 Notes will be fully redeemed in the first quarter of fiscal 2020 in connection with the issuance of $2,650.0 million of new 2027 notes. Since this transaction occurred after September 30, 2019, it is not reflected in the contractual obligations table. (3) Assumes that the variable interest rate on our tranche E, tranche F and tranche G borrowings under our Senior Secured Term Loans range from approximately 4.7% to 5.0% based on anticipated movements in the LIBO rate. In addition, interest payments include the impact of the existing interest rate swap and cap agreements described in Note 21, “Derivatives and Hedging Activities” to the consolidated financial statements herein. In addition to the contractual obligations set forth above, the Company incurs capital expenditures for the purpose of maintaining and replacing existing equipment and facilities and, from time to time, for facility expansion. Capital expenditures totaled approximately $101.6 million, $73.3 million, and $71.0 million during fiscal years 2019, 2018, and fiscal 2017, respectively. The Company estimates its capital expenditures in fiscal year 2020 to be between $160 million and $190 million with the increase from previous years attributable to the Esterline businesses being under TransDigm ownership for the entire fiscal year period. Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements The Company utilizes letters of credit to back certain payment and performance obligations. Letters of credit are subject to limits based on amounts outstanding under the Company’s revolving credit facility. As of September 30, 2019, the Company had $41.5 million in letters of credit outstanding. New Accounting Standards For information about new accounting standards, see Note 4, “Recent Accounting Pronouncements,” to our consolidated financial statements included herein. 48 Additional Disclosure Required by Indentures Separate financial statements of TransDigm Inc. are not presented because TransDigm Inc.’s 2022 Notes, 2024 Notes, 2025 Notes, 6.375% 2026 Notes, 2026 Secured Notes and 2027 Notes are fully and unconditionally guaranteed on a senior subordinated basis by TD Group, TransDigm UK and all of TransDigm Inc’s Domestic Restricted Subsidiaries and because TD Group has no significant operations or assets separate from its investment in TransDigm Inc. Separate financial statements of TransDigm UK are not presented because TransDigm UK’s 6.875% 2026 Notes, issued in May 2018, are fully and unconditionally guaranteed on a senior subordinated basis by TD Group, TransDigm Inc. and all of TransDigm Inc.’s Domestic Restricted Subsidiaries. ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK Interest Rate Risk Our main exposure to market risk relates to interest rates. Our financial instruments that are subject to interest rate risk principally include fixed-rate and floating-rate long-term debt. At September 30, 2019, we had borrowings under our term loans of approximately $7,524 million that were subject to interest rate risk. Borrowings under our term loans bear interest, at our option, at a rate equal to either an alternate base rate or an adjusted LIBOR for a one-, two-, three- or six-month (or to the extent available to each lender, nine- or twelve- month) interest period chosen by us, in each case, plus an applicable margin percentage. Accordingly, the Company’s cash flows and earnings will be exposed to the market risk of interest rate changes resulting from variable rate borrowings under our term loans. The Company’s objective is to maintain an allocation of at least 75% fixed rate and 25% variable rate debt thereby limiting its exposure to changes in near-term interest rates. As of September 30, 2019, approximately 83% of our debt was fixed rate debt. The effect of a hypothetical one percentage point increase in interest rates would increase the annual interest costs under our term loans by approximately $75 million based on the amount of outstanding borrowings at September 30, 2019. The weighted average interest rate on the $7,524 million of borrowings under our term loans on September 30, 2019 was 4.8%. Interest rate swaps and caps used to hedge and offset, respectively, the variable interest rates on the credit facility are described in Note 21, “Derivatives and Hedging Activities,” to our consolidated financial statements included herein. We do not hold or issue derivative instruments for speculative purposes. For information about the fair value of the aggregate principal amount of borrowings under our term loans and the fair value of the Notes, see Note 20, “Fair Value Measurements,” to our consolidated financial statements included herein. Foreign Currency Risk Certain of our foreign subsidiaries’ sales and results of operations are subject to the impact of foreign currency fluctuations. Because our consolidated financial statements are presented in U.S. dollars, increases or decreases in the value of the U.S. dollar relative to other currencies in which we transact business could materially adversely affect our net sales, net income and the carrying values of our assets located outside the U.S. Global economic uncertainty continues to exist. Strengthening of the U.S. dollar relative to other currencies may adversely affect our operating results. If the U.S. dollar were to strengthen, our foreign results of operations would be unfavorably impacted, but the effect is not expected to be material. A 10% change in foreign currency exchange rates would not have resulted in a material impact to net income for the fiscal years ended September 30, 2019 and 2018. ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA The information required by this Item is contained on pages F-1 through F-65 of this Report. 49 ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE None. ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures As of September 30, 2019, TD Group carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of TD Group’s management, including its President, Chief Executive Officer and Director (Principal Executive Officer) and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer), of the effectiveness of the design and operation of TD Group’s disclosure controls and procedures. Based upon that evaluation, the President, Chief Executive Officer and Director and Chief Financial Officer concluded that TD Group’s disclosure controls and procedures are effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed by TD Group in the reports it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified by the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to TD Group’s management, including its President, Chief Executive Officer and Director and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, TD Group’s management recognized that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives, and management necessarily was required to apply its judgment in designing and evaluating the controls and procedures. Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting The management of TD Group is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting as defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(f). Using criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework) (COSO) in Internal Control- Integrated Framework, TransDigm’s management assessed the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of September 30, 2019. Based on our assessment, management concluded that the Company’s internal control over financial reporting was effective as of September 30, 2019. During fiscal 2019, we completed the acquisition of all of the outstanding stock of Esterline and of assets of certain product lines. The results of operations are included in our consolidated financial statements from the date of acquisition. As permitted by the Securities and Exchange Commission rules and regulations, we have excluded these acquisitions from our assessment of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of September 30, 2019. Total assets as of September 30, 2019, net sales and income from continuing operations before income taxes for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2019 for these fiscal 2019 acquisitions constituted approximately 26%, 18% and 6%, respectively, of each of these key measures as reported in our consolidated financial statements. The effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of September 30, 2019 has been audited by Ernst & Young LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report, which is included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K and is incorporated herein by reference. Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting There have been no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2019 that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. 50 Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm The Board of Directors and Shareholders of TransDigm Group Incorporated Opinion on Internal Control over Financial Reporting We have audited TransDigm Group Incorporated’s (“the Company”) internal control over financial reporting as of September 30, 2019, based on criteria established in Internal Control- Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework) (the COSO criteria). In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of September 30, 2019, based on the COSO criteria. As indicated in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting, management’s assessment of and conclusion on the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting did not include the internal controls of the acquisitions of Esterline and of assets of certain product lines, which are included in the 2019 consolidated financial statements of TransDigm Group Incorporated and constituted 26% of total assets as of September 30, 2019, 18% of net sales and 6% of income from continuing operations before income taxes for the year then ended. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting of TransDigm Group Incorporated also did not include an evaluation of the internal control over financial reporting of the acquisitions of Esterline and of assets of certain product lines. We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the consolidated balance sheets of the Company as of September 30, 2019 and 2018, the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, cash flows and changes in stockholders’ deficit for each of the three years in the period ended September 30, 2019 and the related notes and financial statement schedule listed in the Index at Item 15(a) of the Company and our report dated November 19, 2019 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon. Basis for Opinion The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting included in the accompanying management’s report on internal control over financial reporting in Item 9A of the Form 10-K. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB. We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion. Definition and Limitations of Internal Control Over Financial Reporting A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements. Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. /s/ Ernst & Young LLP Cleveland, Ohio November 19, 2019 51 ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION None. PART III ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS, AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE Directors and Executive Officers Information regarding TD Group’s directors will be set forth under the caption “Proposal One: Election of Directors” in our Proxy Statement, which is incorporated herein by reference. The following table sets forth certain information concerning TD Group’s executive officers: Name W. Nicholas Howley . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kevin Stein . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Robert S. Henderson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Jorge L. Valladares III . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Michael Lisman . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sarah Wynne . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bernt G. Iversen II . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Age 67 53 63 45 37 45 62 Halle Terrion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 Position Executive Chairman of the Board of Directors President, Chief Executive Officer and Director Vice Chairman Chief Operating Officer Chief Financial Officer Chief Accounting Officer Executive Vice President—Mergers & Acquisitions and Business Development General Counsel, Chief Compliance Officer & Secretary Mr. Howley was appointed Executive Chairman of the Board of Directors of TD Group in April 2018. Mr. Howley previously served as Chairman of the Board of Directors of TD Group from July 2003 to April 2018. He served as Chief Executive Officer of TD Group from December 2005 to April 2018 and of TransDigm Inc. from December 2001 to March 2018. Mr. Howley served as President of TD Group from July 2003 through December 2015, as Chief Operating Officer of TransDigm Inc. from December 1998 through December 2001 and as President of TransDigm Inc. from December 1998 through September 2005. Mr. Stein was appointed President, Chief Executive Officer and Director in April 2018. Prior to that, Mr. Stein served as President and Chief Operating Officer from January 2017 through March 2018 and Chief Operating Officer—Power from October 2014 to December 2016. Prior to joining TransDigm, Mr. Stein served as Executive Vice President and President of the Structurals division of Precision Castparts Corp. from November 2011 to October 2014 and Executive Vice President and President of the Fasteners division of Precision Castparts Corp. from January 2009 through November 2011. Mr. Henderson was appointed Vice Chairman in January 2017. Prior to that, Mr. Henderson served as Chief Operating Officer—Airframe from October 2014 to December 2016. Mr. Henderson also previously served as Executive Vice President from December 2005 to October 2014, and as President of the AdelWiggins Group, a division of TransDigm Inc., from August 1999 to April 2008. Mr. Valladares was appointed Chief Operating Officer in April 2019. Prior to that, Mr. Valladares served as Chief Operating Officer—Power & Control from June 2018 to March 2019, Executive Vice President from October 2013 to May 2018, as President of AvtechTyee, Inc. (formerly Avtech Corporation), a wholly-owned subsidiary of TransDigm Inc., from August 2009 to September 2013, and as President of AdelWiggins Group, a division of TransDigm Inc., from April 2008 to July 2009. Mr. Lisman was appointed Chief Financial Officer in July 2018. Prior to that, Mr. Lisman served as Vice President—Mergers and Acquisitions from January 2018 through June 2018, Business Unit Manager for the 52 Air & Fuel Valves business unit at Aero Fluid Products, a wholly-owned subsidiary of TransDigm Inc., from January 2017 to January 2018 and Director of Mergers and Acquisitions of the Company from November 2015 to January 2017. Ms. Wynne was appointed Chief Accounting Officer in November 2018. Prior to that, Ms. Wynne served as Group Controller from April 2015 to October 2018, as Controller of the Aero Fluid Products division of AeroControlex Group, Inc., a wholly-owned subsidiary of TransDigm Inc., from October 2009 to March 2015, and previously in other accounting roles with the Company. Mr. Iversen was appointed Executive Vice President—Mergers & Acquisitions and Business Development in May 2012. Prior to that, Mr. Iversen served as Executive Vice President of TD Group from December 6, 2010 through May 2012 and as President of Champion Aerospace LLC, a wholly-owned subsidiary of TransDigm Inc., from June 2006 to December 2010. Ms. Terrion was appointed General Counsel and Chief Compliance Officer in March 2012 and Secretary in May 2015. Prior to that, Ms. Terrion was a partner at BakerHostetler LLP. Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance The information regarding compliance with Section 16 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 will be set forth under the caption entitled “Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance” in our Proxy Statement, which is incorporated herein by reference. Code of Ethics We have adopted a Code of Business Conduct and Ethics, which applies to all of our directors, officers, and employees and a Code of Ethics for Senior Financial Officers which includes additional ethical obligations for our senior financial management (which includes our executive chairman, president and chief executive officer, vice chairman, chief operating officer, chief financial officer, chief accounting officer, division presidents, controllers, treasurer, and chief internal auditor). Please refer to the information set forth under the caption “Corporate Governance—Codes of Ethics & Whistleblower Policy” in our Proxy Statement, which is incorporated herein by reference. Our Code of Business Conduct and Ethics and our Code of Ethics for Senior Financial Officers is available on our website at www.transdigm.com. Any person may receive a copy without charge by writing to us at TransDigm Group Incorporated, 1301 East 9th Street, Suite 3000, Cleveland, Ohio 44114. We intend to disclose on our website any amendment to, or waiver from, a provision of our Code of Business Conduct and Ethics that applies to directors and executive officers and that is required to be disclosed pursuant to the rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission. Nominations of Directors The procedure by which stockholders may recommend nominees to our Board of Directors will be set forth under the caption “Corporate Governance-Board Committees—Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee” in our Proxy Statement, which is incorporated herein by reference. Audit Committee The information regarding the audit committee of our Board of Directors and audit committee financial experts will be set forth under the caption “Corporate Governance-Board Committees—Audit Committee” in our Proxy Statement, which is incorporated herein by reference. ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION The information required by this item will be set forth under the captions “Executive Compensation”, “Compensation of Directors”, “Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation” and “Compensation Committee Report” in our Proxy Statement, which is incorporated herein by reference. 53 ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS The information regarding security ownership of certain beneficial owners and management will be set forth under the caption “Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management” in our Proxy Statement, which is incorporated herein by reference. Equity Compensation Plan Information Plan category Equity compensation plans approved by Number of Securities to Be Issued upon Exercise of Outstanding Options, Warrants and Rights (a) Weighted-Average Exercise Price of Outstanding Options, Warrants and Rights (b) Number of Securities Remaining Available for Future Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans (excluding securities reflected in column (a)) (c) security holders(1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,379,309(2) $238.64 5,797,892(3) (1) Includes information related to the 2003 stock option plan, the 2006 stock incentive plan and the 2014 stock option plan. (2) This amount represents 77,829, 3,134,022 and 3,167,458 shares subject to outstanding stock options under our 2003 stock option plan, 2006 stock incentive plan and 2014 stock option plan, respectively. No further grants may be made under our 2003 stock option plan and 2006 stock incentive plan, although outstanding stock options continue in force in accordance with their terms. (3) This amount represents remaining shares available for award under our 2014 stock option plan and 2019 stock option plan. In August 2019, the 2019 stock option plan was adopted by the Board of Directors of TD Group and was subsequently approved by stockholders on October 3, 2019. The 2019 stock option plan permits TD Group to award stock options to our key employees, directors or consultants. The total number shares of TD Group common stock reserved for issuance or delivery under the 2019 stock option plan is 4,000,000, subject to adjustment in the event of any stock dividend or split, reorganization, recapitalization, merger, share exchange or any other similar corporate transaction or event. No shares have been issued from TD Group’s 2019 stock option plan. ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE The information required by this item will be set forth under the captions entitled “Certain Relationships and Related Transactions,” “Compensation of Directors,” and “Independence of Directors” in our Proxy Statement, which is incorporated herein by reference. ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES The information required by this item will be set forth under the caption “Principal Accounting Fees and Services” in our Proxy Statement, which is incorporated herein by reference. 54 PART IV 15. EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES (a) Documents Filed with Report (a) (1) Financial Statements Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2019 and 2018 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Consolidated Statements of Income for Fiscal Years Ended September 30, 2019, 2018 and 2017 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for Fiscal Years Ended September 30, 2019, 2018 and 2017 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Deficit for Fiscal Years Ended September 30, 2019, 2018 and 2017 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for Fiscal Years Ended September 30, 2019, 2018 and 2017 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page F-1 F-3 F-4 F-5 F-6 F-7 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for Fiscal Years Ended September 30, 2019, 2018 and 2017 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . pages F-8 to F-64 (a) (2) Financial Statement Schedules Valuation and Qualifying Accounts for the Fiscal Years Ended September 30, 2019, 2018 and 2017 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F-65 55 (a) (3) Exhibits Exhibit No. Description 2.1 2.2 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 Agreement and Plan of Merger dated as of October 9, 2018, by and among Esterline Technologies Corporation, TransDigm Group Incorporated and Thunderbird Merger Sub Inc. First Amendment to Agreement and Plan of Merger dated as of October 10, 2018, by and among Esterline Technologies Corporation, TransDigm Group Incorporated and Thunderbird Merger Sub Inc. Filed Herewith or Incorporated by Reference From Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 8-K, filed October 11, 2018 (File No. 001-32833) Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 8-K, filed October 11, 2018 (File No. 001-32833) Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, filed April 28, 2014, of TransDigm Group Incorporated Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 8-K, filed April 28, 2014 (File No. 001-32833) Third Amended and Restated Bylaws of TransDigm Group Incorporated Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 8-K, filed January 30, 2018 (File No. 001-32833) Certificate of Incorporation, filed July 2, 1993, of NovaDigm Acquisition, Inc. (now known as TransDigm Inc.) Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Inc.’s and TransDigm Holding Company’s Form S-4, filed January 29, 1999 (File No. 333-71397) Certificate of Amendment, filed July 22, 1993, of the Certificate of Incorporation of NovaDigm Acquisition, Inc. (now known as TransDigm Inc.) Bylaws of NovaDigm Acquisition, Inc. (now known as TransDigm Inc.) Certificate of Incorporation, filed July 10, 2009, of Acme Aerospace, Inc. 3.7 By-laws of Acme Aerospace, Inc. Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Inc.’s and TransDigm Holding Company’s Form S-4, filed January 29, 1999 (File No. 333-71397) Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Inc.’s and TransDigm Holding Company’s Form S-4, filed January 29, 1999 (File No. 333-71397) Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 10-Q, filed August 5, 2009 (File No. 001-32833) Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 10-Q, filed August 5, 2009 (File No. 001-32833) 3.8 3.9 3.10 Articles of Incorporation, filed July 30, 1986, of ARP Acquisition Corporation (now known as Adams Rite Aerospace, Inc.) Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Inc.’s and TransDigm Holding Company’s Form S-4, filed April 23, 1999 (File No. 333-71397) Certificate of Amendment, filed September 12, 1986, of the Articles of Incorporation of ARP Acquisition Corporation (now known as Adams Rite Aerospace, Inc.) Certificate of Amendment, filed January 27, 1992, of the Articles of Incorporation of Adams Rite Products, Inc. (now known as Adams Rite Aerospace, Inc.) Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Inc.’s and TransDigm Holding Company’s Form S-4, filed April 23, 1999 (File No. 333-71397) Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Inc.’s and TransDigm Holding Company’s Form S-4, filed April 23, 1999 (File No. 333-71397) 56 Exhibit No. Description 3.11 3.12 3.13 3.14 Certificate of Amendment, filed December 31, 1992, of the Articles of Incorporation of Adams Rite Products, Inc. (now known as Adams Rite Aerospace, Inc.) Certificate of Amendment, filed August 11, 1997, of the Articles of Incorporation of Adams Rite Sabre International, Inc. (now known as Adams Rite Aerospace, Inc.) Amended and Restated Bylaws of Adams Rite Aerospace, Inc. Certificate of Incorporation, filed June 18, 2007, of AeroControlex Group, Inc. 3.15 By-laws of AeroControlex Group, Inc. 3.16 3.17 3.18 Certificate of Formation, filed September 25, 2013, of Aerosonic LLC Limited Liability Company Agreement of Aerosonic LLC Certificate of Incorporation, filed November 13, 2009, of Airborne Acquisition, Inc. 3.19 Bylaws of Airborne Acquisition, Inc. 3.20 3.21 3.22 3.23 Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, filed January 25, 2010, of HDT International Holdings, Inc. (now known as Airborne Global, Inc.) Certificate of Amendment of Certificate of Incorporation, filed February 24, 2010, of HDT International Holdings, Inc. (now known as Airborne Global, Inc.) Certificate of Amendment of Certificate of Incorporation, filed December 10, 2013, of HDT Global, Inc. (now known as Airborne Global, Inc.) Bylaws of HDT International Holdings, Inc. (now known as Airborne Global, Inc.) 57 Filed Herewith or Incorporated by Reference From Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Inc.’s and TransDigm Holding Company’s Form S-4, filed April 23, 1999 (File No. 333-71397) Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Inc.’s and TransDigm Holding Company’s Form S-4, filed April 23, 1999 (File No. 333-71397) Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Inc.’s and TransDigm Holding Company’s Form S-4, filed April 23, 1999 (File No. 333-71397) Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Inc.’s and TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form S-4, filed July 6, 2007 (File No. 333-144366) Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Inc.’s and TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form S-4, filed July 6, 2007 (File No. 333-144366) Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 10-Q, filed February 5, 2014 (File No. 001-32833) Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 10-Q, filed February 5, 2014 (File No. 001-32833) Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 10-Q, filed February 5, 2014 (File No. 001-32833) Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 10-Q, filed February 5, 2014 (File No. 001-32833) Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 10-Q, filed February 5, 2014 (File No. 001-32833) Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 10-Q, filed February 5, 2014 (File No. 001-32833) Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 10-Q, filed February 5, 2014 (File No. 001-32833) Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 10-Q, filed February 5, 2014 (File No. 001-32833) Exhibit No. Description 3.24 Certificate of Incorporation, filed November 13, 2009, of Airborne Holdings, Inc. 3.25 Bylaws of Airborne Holdings, Inc. Filed Herewith or Incorporated by Reference From Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 10-Q, filed February 5, 2014 (File No. 001-32833) Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 10-Q, filed February 5, 2014 (File No. 001-32833) 3.26 3.27 3.28 3.29 3.30 3.31 3.32 3.33 3.34 3.35 3.36 Certificate of Incorporation, filed September 1, 1995, of Wardle Storeys Inc. (now known as Airborne Systems NA Inc.) Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 10-Q, filed February 5, 2014 (File No. 001-32833) Certificate of Amendment to Certificate of Incorporation, filed May 28, 2002, of Wardle Storeys Inc. (now known as Airborne Systems NA Inc.) Bylaws of Airborne Systems NA Inc., as amended Certificate of Incorporation, filed April 23, 2007, of Airborne Systems North America Inc. Bylaws of Airborne Systems North America Inc. Certificate of Incorporation, filed April 25, 1989, of Irvin Industries (Del), Inc. (now known as Airborne Systems North America of CA Inc.) Certificate of Amendment of Certificate of Incorporation, filed June 2, 1989, of Irvin Industries (Del), Inc. (now known as Airborne Systems North America of CA Inc.) Certificate of Amendment of Certificate of Incorporation, filed April 30, 1996, of Irvin Industries, Inc. (now known as Airborne Systems North America of CA Inc.) Certificate of Amendment to Certificate of Incorporation, filed April 23, 2007, of Irvin Aerospace Inc. (now known as Airborne Systems North America of CA Inc.) Bylaws of Airborne Systems North America of CA Inc. Certificate of Incorporation, Profit, filed October 28, 1994, of Wardle Storeys (Parachutes) Inc. (now known as Airborne Systems North America of NJ Inc.) 58 Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 10-Q, filed February 5, 2014 (File No. 001-32833) Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 10-Q, filed February 5, 2014 (File No. 001-32833) Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 10-Q, filed February 5, 2014 (File No. 001-32833) Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 10-Q, filed February 5, 2014 (File No. 001-32833) Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 10-Q, filed February 5, 2014 (File No. 001-32833) Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 10-Q, filed February 5, 2014 (File No. 001-32833) Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 10-Q, filed February 5, 2014 (File No. 001-32833) Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 10-Q, filed February 5, 2014 (File No. 001-32833) Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 10-Q, filed February 5, 2014 (File No. 001-32833) Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 10-Q, filed February 5, 2014 (File No. 001-32833) 3.37 3.38 3.39 3.40 3.41 3.42 3.43 3.44 3.45 3.46 3.47 3.48 Exhibit No. Description Certificate of Merger, filed February 9, 1995, of Para-Flite Inc. with and into Wardle Storeys (Parachutes) Inc. (now known as Airborne Systems North America of NJ Inc.) Certificate of Amendment to Certificate of Incorporation, filed April 23, 2007, of Para- Flite Inc. (now known as Airborne Systems North America of NJ Inc.) Filed Herewith or Incorporated by Reference From Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 10-Q, filed February 5, 2014 (File No. 001-32833) Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 10-Q, filed February 5, 2014 (File No. 001-32833) Certificate of Correction to Certificate of Incorporation, filed June 27, 2007, of Airborne Systems North America of NJ Inc. Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 10-Q, filed February 5, 2014 (File No. 001-32833) Bylaws, as amended, of Airborne Systems North America of NJ Inc. Certificate of Incorporation, filed May 8, 1985, of Am-Safe, Inc. (now known as AmSafe, Inc.) Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 10-Q, filed February 5, 2014 (File No. 001-32833) Incorporated by reference to Form TransDigm Group Incorporated’s 10-Q, filed May 9, 2012 (File No. 001-32833) Certificate of Amendment of Certificate of Incorporation, filed May 19, 2005, of Am-Safe, Inc. (now known as AmSafe, Inc.) Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 10-Q, filed May 9, 2012 (File No. 001-32833) By-Laws of Am-Safe, Inc. (now known as AmSafe, Inc.) Certificate of Incorporation, filed October 16, 2007, of AmSafe Global Holdings, Inc. Second Amended and Restated By-Laws of AmSafe Global Holdings, Inc. Restated Certificate of Incorporation, filed July 10, 1967, of Arkwin Industries, Inc. Certificate of Amendment of Certificate of Incorporation, filed November 4, 1981, of Arkwin Industries, Inc. Certificate of Amendment of Certificate of Incorporation, filed June 11, 1999, of Arkwin Industries, Inc. 3.49 By-laws of Arkwin Industries, Inc. 59 Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 10-Q, filed May 9, 2012 (File No. 001-32833) Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 10-Q, filed May 9, 2012 (File No. 001-32833) Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 10-Q, filed May 9, 2012 (File No. 001-32833) Incorporated by reference to Amendment No. 3 to TransDigm Inc.’s and TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form S-4, filed June 27, 2013 (File No. 333-186494) Incorporated by reference to Amendment No. 3 to TransDigm Inc.’s and TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form S-4, filed June 27, 2013 (File No. 333-186494) Incorporated by reference to Amendment No. 3 to TransDigm Inc.’s and TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form S-4, filed June 27, 2013 (File No. 333-186494) Incorporated by reference to Amendment No. 3 to TransDigm Inc.’s and TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form S-4, filed June 27, 2013 (File No. 333-186494) Exhibit No. Description 3.50 3.51 3.52 3.53 3.54 Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Aviation Technologies, Inc. By-laws of Wings Holdings, Inc. (now known as Aviation Technologies, Inc.) Certificate of Formation, effective June 28, 2007, of Avionic Instruments LLC Limited Liability Company Agreement of Avionic Instruments LLC Articles of Incorporation, filed December 29, 1992, of Avionics Specialties, Inc. 3.55 Bylaws of Avionics Specialties, Inc. Filed Herewith or Incorporated by Reference From Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 10-K, filed November 9, 2018 (File No. 001-32833) Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Inc.’s and TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form S-4, filed July 6, 2007 (File No. 333-144366) Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 10-K, filed November 9, 2018 (File No. 001-32833) Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Inc.’s and TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form S-4, filed July 6, 2007 (File No.333-144366) Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 10-K, filed November 9, 2018 (File No. 001-32833) Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 10-Q, filed February 5, 2014 (File No. 001-32833) 3.56 3.57 3.58 3.59 3.60 3.61 3.62 3.63 Articles of Incorporation, filed October 3, 1963, of Avtech Corporation (now known as AvtechTyee, Inc.) Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Inc.’s and TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form S-4, filed July 6, 2007 (File No. 333-144366) Amendment to Articles of Incorporation, filed March 30, 1984, of Avtech Corporation (now known as AvtechTyee, Inc.) Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Inc.’s and TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form S-4, filed July 6, 2007 (File No. 333-144366) Amendment to Articles of Incorporation, filed April 17, 1989, of Avtech Corporation (now known as AvtechTyee, Inc.) Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Inc.’s and TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form S-4, filed July 6, 2007 (File No. 333-144366) Articles of Amendment of Articles of Incorporation, filed July 17, 1998, of Avtech Corporation (now known as AvtechTyee, Inc.) Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Inc.’s and TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form S-4, filed July 6, 2007 (File No. 333-144366) Articles of Amendment to Articles of Incorporation, filed May 20, 2003, of Avtech Corporation (now known as Avtech Tyee, Inc.) Articles of Amendment to Articles of Incorporation, filed May 2, 2012, of AvtechTyee, Inc. By-laws of Avtech Corporation (now known as AvtechTyee, Inc.) Certificate of Incorporation, filed October 24, 1977, of Transformer Technology Corporation (now known as Beta Transformer Technology Corporation) 60 Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Inc.’s and TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form S-4, filed July 6, 2007 (File No. 333-144366) Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 10-K, filed November 16, 2012 (File No. 001-32833) Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Inc.’s and TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form S-4, filed July 6, 2007 (File No. 333-144366) Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 10-K, filed November 15, 2016 (File No. 001-32833) 3.64 3.65 3.66 3.67 3.68 3.69 3.70 3.71 3.72 3.73 3.74 3.75 3.76 3.77 Exhibit No. Description Certificate of Amendment of Certificate of Incorporation, filed December 1, 1977, of Transformer Technology Corporation (now known as Beta Transformer Technology Corporation) Filed Herewith or Incorporated by Reference From Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 10-K, filed November 15, 2016 (File No. 001-32833) By-laws of Transformer Technology Corporation (now known as Beta Transformer Technology Corporation) Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 10-K, filed November 15, 2016 (File No. 001-32833) Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement, filed July 7, 2016, of Beta Transformer Technology LLC Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 10-K, filed November 15, 2016 (File No. 001-32833) Limited Liability Company Certificate of Formation of Breeze-Eastern LLC Limited Liability Company Agreement of Breeze-Eastern LLC Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 10-Q, filed May 11, 2016 (File No. 001-32833) Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 10-Q, filed May 11, 2016 (File No. 001-32833) Articles of Incorporation, filed February 6, 1998, of Air Carrier Acquisition Corp. (now known as Bridport-Air Carrier, Inc.) Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 10-Q, filed May 9, 2012 (File No. 001-32833) Articles of Amendment, filed February 23, 1998, of Air Carrier Acquisition Corp. (now known as Bridport-Air Carrier, Inc.) Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 10-Q, filed May 9, 2012 (File No. 001-32833) Articles of Amendment, filed December 14, 1999, of Bridport-Air Carrier, Inc. Amended and Restated By-Laws of Bridport-Air Carrier, Inc. Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 10-Q, filed May 9, 2012 (File No. 001-32833) Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 10-Q, filed May 9, 2012 (File No. 001-32833) Certificate of Incorporation, filed May 9, 2000, of Erie Acquisition Corp. (now known as Bridport Erie Aviation, Inc.) Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 10-Q, filed May 9, 2012 (File No. 001-32833) Certificate of Amendment of Certificate of Incorporation, filed May 30, 2000, of Erie Acquisition Corp. (now known as Bridport Erie Aviation, Inc.) Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 10-Q, filed May 9, 2012 (File No. 001-32833) Certificate of Amendment of Certificate of Incorporation, filed June 19, 2000, of Bridport Erie Aviation, Inc. Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 10-Q, filed May 9, 2012 (File No. 001-32833) Amended and Restated By-Laws of Erie Acquisition Corp. (now known as Bridport Erie Aviation, Inc.) Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 10-Q, filed May 9, 2012 (File No. 001-32833) Certificate of Incorporation, filed July 2, 2004, of Bridport Holdings, Inc. Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 10-Q, filed May 9, 2012 (File No. 001-32833) 61 Exhibit No. Description 3.78 3.79 Amended and Restated By-Laws of Bridport Holdings, Inc. Certificate of Incorporation, filed August 6, 2007, of Bruce Aerospace Inc. 3.80 By-laws of Bruce Aerospace Inc. 3.81 Articles of Organization of CDA InterCorp LLC 3.82 Operating Agreement of CDA InterCorp LLC Certificate of Formation, filed September 30, 2009, of CEF Industries, LLC Limited Liability Company Agreement of CEF Industries, LLC Certificate of Formation, effective June 30, 2007, of Champion Aerospace LLC Limited Liability Company Agreement of Champion Aerospace LLC Filed Herewith or Incorporated by Reference From Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 10-Q, filed May 9, 2012 (File No. 001-32833) Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 10-K, filed November 21, 2007 (File No. 001-32833) Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 10-K, filed November 21, 2007 (File No. 001-32833) Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 10-K, filed November 9, 2018 (File No. 001-32833) Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Inc.’s and TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form S-4, filed July 6, 2007 (File No. 333-144366) Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 10-K, filed November 24, 2009 (File No. 001-32833) Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 10-K, filed November 24, 2009 (File No. 001-32833) Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Inc.’s and TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form S-4, filed July 6, 2007 (File No. 333-144366) Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Inc.’s and TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form S-4, filed July 6, 2007 (File No. 333-144366) Certificate of Incorporation, filed October 23, 1970, of ILC Data Devices Corporation (now known as Data Device Corporation) Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 10-K, filed November 15, 2016 (File No. 001-32833) Certificate of Amendment of Certificate of Incorporation, filed April 23, 1999, of ILC Data Device Corporation (now known as Data Device Corporation) Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 10-K, filed November 15, 2016 (File No. 001-32833) Certificate of Amendment of Certificate of Incorporation, filed July 14, 2014, of Data Device Corporation Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 10-K, filed November 15, 2016 (File No. 001-32833) By-laws of ILC Data Devices Corporation (now known as Data Device Corporation) Certificate of Incorporation, filed November 20, 2009, of Dukes Aerospace, Inc. Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 10-K, filed November 15, 2016 (File No. 001-32833) Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 8-K, filed December 4, 2009 (File No. 001-32833) 62 3.83 3.84 3.85 3.86 3.87 3.88 3.89 3.90 3.91 Exhibit No. Description 3.92 By-laws of Dukes Aerospace, Inc. Filed Herewith or Incorporated by Reference From Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 8-K, filed December 4, 2009 (File No. 001-32833) 3.93 3.94 3.95 3.96 3.97 3.98 3.99 3.100 3.101 Certificate of Formation, filed February 29, 2000, of Western Sky Industries, LLC (now known as Electromech Technologies LLC) Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 10-Q, filed February 8, 2011 (File No. 001-32833) Certificate of Amendment, filed December 18, 2013, of Western Sky Industries, LLC (now known as Electromech Technologies LLC) Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 10-Q, filed February 5, 2014 (File No. 001-32833) Fourth Amended and Restated Limited Liability Agreement of Electromech Technologies LLC Articles of Organization, as amended, of HarcoSemco LLC First Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement of HarcoSemco LLC Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 10-K, filed November 9, 2018 (File No. 001-32833) Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 10-K, filed November 9, 2018 (File No. 001-32833) Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 10-K, filed November 9, 2018 (File No. 001-32833) Articles of Incorporation, filed May 10, 1957, of Hartwell Aviation Supply Company (now known as Hartwell Corporation) Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 10-Q, filed February 8, 2011 (File No. 001-32833) Certificate of Amendment, filed June 9, 1960, of Articles of Incorporation of Hartwell Aviation Supply Company (now known as Hartwell Corporation) Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 10-Q, filed February 8, 2011 (File No. 001-32833) Certification of Amendment, filed October 23, 1987, of Articles of Incorporation of Hartwell Corporation Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 10-Q, filed February 8, 2011 (File No. 001-32833) Certificate of Amendment, filed April 9, 1997, of Articles of Incorporation of Hartwell Corporation Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 10-Q, filed February 8, 2011 (File No. 001-32833) 3.102 By-laws of Hartwell Corporation 3.103 Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of ILC Holdings, Inc. 3.104 By-laws, as amended, of ILC Holdings, Inc. 3.105 Certificate of Formation, filed January 26, 2007, of Johnson Liverpool LLC Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 10-Q, filed February 8, 2011 (File No. 001-32833) Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 10-K, filed November 15, 2016 (File No. 001-32833) Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 10-K, filed November 9, 2018 (File No. 001-32833) Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 10-K, filed November 15, 2016 (File No. 001-32833) 63 3.106 3.107 3.108 3.109 3.110 3.111 3.112 3.114 3.115 3.116 3.117 Exhibit No. Description Filed Herewith or Incorporated by Reference From Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement of Johnson Liverpool LLC Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 10-K, filed November 15, 2016 (File No. 001-32833) Certificate of Incorporation, filed March 28, 1994, of MPT Acquisition Corp. (now known as MarathonNorco Aerospace, Inc.) Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Inc.’s and TransDigm Holding Company’s Form S-4, filed January 29, 1999 (File No. 333-71397) Certificate of Amendment, filed May 18, 1994, of the Certificate of Incorporation of MPT Acquisition Corp. (now known as MarathonNorco Aerospace, Inc.) Certificate of Amendment, filed May 24, 1994, of the Certificate of Incorporation of MPT Acquisition Corp. (now known as MarathonNorco Aerospace, Inc.) Certificate of Amendment, filed August 28, 2003, of the Certificate of Incorporation of Marathon Power Technologies Company (now known as MarathonNorco Aerospace, Inc.) Bylaws of MPT Acquisition Corp. (now known as MarathonNorco Aerospace, Inc.) Certificate of Incorporation, filed April 13, 2007, of McKechnie Aerospace DE, Inc. 3.113 By-laws of McKechnie Aerospace DE, Inc. Certificate of Incorporation, filed April 25, 2007, of McKechnie Aerospace Holdings, Inc. By-laws of McKechnie Aerospace Holdings, Inc. Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Inc.’s and TransDigm Holding Company’s Form S-4, filed January 29, 1999 (File No. 333-71397) Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Inc.’s and TransDigm Holding Company’s Form S-4, filed January 29, 1999 (File No. 333-71397) Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 10-K, filed November 28, 2006 (File No. 001-32833) Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Inc.’s and TransDigm Holding Company’s Form S-4, filed January 29, 1999 (File No. 333-71397) Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 10-Q, filed February 8, 2011 (File No. 001-32833) Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 10-Q, filed February 8, 2011 (File No. 001-32833) Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 10-Q, filed February 8, 2011 (File No. 001-32833) Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 10-Q, filed February 8, 2011 (File No. 001-32833) Certificate of Formation, filed May 11, 2005, of Melrose US 3 LLC (now known as McKechnie Aerospace US LLC) Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 10-Q, filed February 8, 2011 (File No. 001-32833) Certificate of Amendment, filed May 11, 2007, to Certificate of Formation of Melrose US 3 LLC (now known as McKechnie Aerospace US LLC) Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 10-Q, filed February 8, 2011 (File No. 001-32833) 3.118 Limited Liability Company Agreement of McKechnie Aerospace US LLC Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 10-Q, filed February 8, 2011 (File No. 001-32833) 64 Exhibit No. Description Filed Herewith or Incorporated by Reference From 3.119 3.120 3.121 3.122 3.123 3.124 3.125 3.126 3.127 Restated Certificate of Incorporation, filed June 27, 2014, of North Hills Signal Processing Corp. Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Inc.’s and TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form S-4, filed May 10, 2017 (File No. 333-217850) By-laws of Porta Systems Corp. (now known as North Hills Signal Processing Corp.) Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Inc’s and TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form S-4, filed May 10, 2017 (File No. 333-217850) Certificate of Incorporation, as amended, of Porta Systems Overseas Corp. (now known as North Hills Signal Processing Overseas Corp.) Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Inc’s and TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form S-4, filed May 10, 2017 (File No. 333-217850) By-laws of Porta Systems Overseas Corp. (now known as North Hills Signal Processing Overseas Corp.) Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Inc’s and TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form S-4, filed May 10, 2017 (File No. 333-217850) Certificate of Incorporation, filed April 28, 2015, of PX Acquisition Co. (now known as Pexco Aerospace, Inc.) Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 10-Q, filed August 5, 2015 (File No. 001-32833) Certificate of Amendment of Certificate of Incorporation, filed May 14, 2015, of PX Acquisition Co. (now known as Pexco Aerospace, Inc.) By-laws of PX Acquisition Co. (now known as Pexco Aerospace, Inc.) Articles of Incorporation, filed October 3, 1956, of PneuDraulics, Inc. Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 10-Q, filed August 5, 2015 (File No. 001-32833) Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 10-Q, filed August 5, 2015 (File No. 001-32833) Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 10-K, filed November 13, 2015 (File No. 001-32833) Certificate of Amendment of Articles of Incorporation, filed December 9, 1970, of Articles of Incorporation of PneuDraulics, Inc. Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 10-K, filed November 13, 2015 (File No. 001-32833) 3.128 Restated By-laws of PneuDraulics, Inc. Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 10-K, filed November 13, 2015 (File No. 001-32833) 3.129 3.130 3.131 3.132 Limited Liability Company Certificate of Formation, filed May 30, 2007, of Schneller LLC Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 10-Q, filed February 8, 2012 (File No. 001-32833) Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement, dated August 31, 2011, of Schneller LLC Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 10-Q, filed February 8, 2012 (File No. 001-32833) Certificate of Incorporation, as amended, of Semco Instruments, Inc. Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 8-K, filed September 7, 2010 (File No. 001-32833) Certificate of Amendment of Certificate of Incorporation, filed October 17, 2012, of Semco Instruments, Inc. Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 10-K, filed November 16, 2012 (File No. 001-32833) 65 Exhibit No. Description 3.133 3.134 3.135 3.136 3.137 3.138 Amended and Restated By-laws of Semco Instruments, Inc. Certificate of Incorporation, filed September 16, 1994, of Am-Safe Commercial Products, Inc. (now known as Shield Restraint Systems, Inc.) Certificate of Amendment of Certificate of Incorporation, filed May 19, 2005, of AmSafe Commercial Products, Inc. (now known as Shield Restraint Systems, Inc.) Certificate of Amendment of Certificate of Incorporation, filed August 27, 2014, of AmSafe Commercial Products, Inc. (now known as Shield Restraint Systems, Inc.) By-laws of Am-Safe Commercial Products, Inc. (now known as Shield Restraint Systems, Inc.) Certificate of Incorporation, filed December 22, 2004, of Skurka Aerospace Inc. 3.139 By-laws, as amended, of Skurka Aerospace Inc. Certificate of Incorporation, filed August 22, 1986, of Tactair Fluid Controls, Inc. Filed Herewith or Incorporated by Reference From Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 8-K, filed September 7, 2010 (File No. 001-32833) Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 10-Q, filed May 9, 2012 (File No. 001-32833) Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 10-Q, filed May 9, 2012 (File No. 001-32833) Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 10-K, filed November 14, 2014 (File No. 001-32833) Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 10-Q, filed May 9, 2012 (File No. 001-32833) Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Inc.’s and TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form S-4, filed October 11, 2006 (File No. 333-137937) Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 10-K, filed November 9, 2018 (File No. 001-32833) Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 10-K, filed November 15, 2016 (File No. 001-32833) Certificate of Amendment, filed June 8, 1998, of Certificate of Incorporation of Tactair Fluid Controls, Inc. Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 10-K, filed November 15, 2016 (File No. 001-32833) By-Laws, as amended, of Tactair Fluid Controls, Inc. Certificate of Formation, filed March 27, 2015, of Telair International LLC Limited Liability Company Agreement of Telair International LLC Certificate of Formation, filed February 23, 2015, of Telair US LLC Limited Liability Company Agreement of Telair US LLC Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 10-K, filed November 9, 2018 (File No. 001-32833) Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 10-Q, filed May 5, 2015 (File No. 001-32833) Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 10-Q, filed May 5, 2015 (File No. 001-32833) Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 10-Q, filed May 5, 2015 (File No. 001-32833) Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 10-Q, filed May 5, 2015 (File No. 001-32833) 66 3.140 3.141 3.142 3.143 3.144 3.145 3.146 Exhibit No. Description 3.147 Articles of Incorporation, filed August 6, 1999, of Texas Rotronics, Inc. 3.148 By-laws, as amended, of Texas Rotronics, Inc. 3.149 3.150 3.151 Certificate of Formation, effective June 30, 2007, of Transicoil LLC Limited Liability Company Agreement of Transicoil LLC Certificate of Formation, filed June 13, 2013, of Whippany Actuation Systems, LLC 3.152 Limited Liability Company Agreement of Whippany Actuation Systems, LLC 3.153 Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Young & Franklin Inc. 3.154 By-laws, as amended, of Young & Franklin Inc. 3.155 Certificate of Formation, filed May 30, 2013, of Beta Transformer Technology LLC 3.156 Amended and Restated By-laws of Kirkhill Inc. Certificate of Incorporation, as amended, of KH Acquisition I Co. (now known as Kirkhill Inc.) Certificate of Incorporation of TransDigm UK Holdings plc Articles of Association of TransDigm UK Holdings plc 3.157 3.158 3.159 3.160 Filed Herewith or Incorporated by Reference From Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 10-Q, filed February 8, 2011 (File No. 001-32833) Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 10-K, filed November 9, 2018 (File No. 001-32833) Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Inc.’s and TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form S-4, filed July 6, 2007 (File No. 333-144366) Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Inc.’s and TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form S-4, filed July 6, 2007 (File No. 333-144366) Incorporated by reference to Amendment No. 3 to TransDigm Inc.’s and TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form S-4/A, filed June 27, 2013 (File No. 333-186494) Incorporated by reference to Amendment No. 3 to TransDigm Inc.’s and TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form S-4/A, filed June 27, 2013 (File No. 333-186494) Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 10-K, filed November 15, 2016 (File No. 001-32833) Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 10-K, filed November 9, 2018 (File No. 001-32833) Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 10-K, filed November 15, 2016 (File No. 001-32833) Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 10-Q, filed May 4, 2018 (File No. 001-32833) Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 10-Q, filed May 4, 2018 (File No. 001-32833) Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 10-Q, filed August 8, 2018 (File No. 001-32833) Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 10-Q, filed August 8, 2018 (File No. 001-32833) Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Extant Components Group Holdings, Inc. Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 10-Q, filed August 8, 2018 (File No. 001-32833) 67 Exhibit No. Description Filed Herewith or Incorporated by Reference From Bylaws of Extant Components Group Holdings, Inc. Certificate of Incorporation of Extant Components Group Intermediate, Inc. Bylaws of Extant Components Group Intermediate, Inc. Articles of Organization, as amended, of Symetrics Industries, LLC Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 10-Q, filed August 8, 2018 (File No. 001-32833) Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 10-Q, filed August 8, 2018 (File No. 001-32833) Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 10-Q, filed August 8, 2018 (File No. 001-32833) Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 10-Q, filed August 8, 2018 (File No. 001-32833) Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement of Symetrics Industries, LLC Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 10-Q, filed August 8, 2018 (File No. 001-32833) Articles of Organization, as amended, of Symetrics Technology Group, LLC Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 10-Q, filed August 8, 2018 (File No. 001-32833) Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement of Symetrics Technology Group, LLC Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 10-Q, filed August 8, 2018 (File No. 001-32833) 3.161 3.162 3.163 3.164 3.165 3.166 3.167 3.168 Certificate of Incorporation, as amended, of TEAC Aerospace Holdings, Inc. 3.169 Bylaws of TEAC Aerospace Holdings, Inc. 3.170 Certificate of Incorporation, as amended, of TEAC Aerospace Technologies, Inc. 3.171 Bylaws of TEAC Aerospace Technologies, Inc. 3.172 3.173 3.174 Articles of Incorporation, filed January 2, 1992, of Skandia, Inc. Amended and Restated By-laws of Skandia, Inc. Fifth Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Esterline Technologies Corporation 68 Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 10-Q, filed August 8, 2018 (File No. 001-32833) Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 10-Q, filed August 8, 2018 (File No. 001-32833) Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 10-Q, filed August 8, 2018 (File No. 001-32833) Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 10-Q, filed August 8, 2018 (File No. 001-32833) Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 10-Q, filed August 8, 2018 (File No. 001-32833) Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 10-Q, filed August 8, 2018 (File No. 001-32833) Incorporated by reference to Amendment No. 1 to TransDigm UK Holdings plc’s, TransDigm Inc.’s and TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form S-4, filed April 2, 2019 (File No. 333-228336) Exhibit No. Description 3.175 Second Amended and Restated By-laws of Esterline Technologies Corporation 3.176 Certificate of Formation of Esterline International Company 3.177 Amended and Restated Bylaws of Esterline International Company 3.178 Certificate of Incorporation, as amended, of Leach Holding Corporation 3.179 Amended and Restated Bylaws of Leach Holding Corporation 3.180 Certificate of Incorporation, as amended, of Leach International Corporation 3.181 Amended and Restated Bylaws of Leach International Corporation 3.182 Certificate of Incorporation of Leach Technology Group, Inc. 3.183 Amended and Restated Bylaws of Leach Technology Group, Inc. 69 Filed Herewith or Incorporated by Reference From Incorporated by reference to Amendment No. 1 to TransDigm UK Holdings plc’s, TransDigm Inc.’s and TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form S-4, filed April 2, 2019 (File No. 333-228336) Incorporated by reference to Amendment No. 1 to TransDigm UK Holdings plc’s, TransDigm Inc.’s and TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form S-4, filed April 2, 2019 (File No. 333-228336) Incorporated by reference to Amendment No. 1 to TransDigm UK Holdings plc’s, TransDigm Inc.’s and TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form S-4 filed April 2, 2019 (File No. 333-228336) Incorporated by reference to Amendment No. 1 to TransDigm UK Holdings plc’s, TransDigm Inc.’s and TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form S-4, filed April 2, 2019 (File No. 333-228336) Incorporated by reference to Amendment No. 1 to TransDigm UK Holdings plc’s, TransDigm Inc.’s and TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form S-4, filed April 2, 2019 (File No. 333-228336) Incorporated by reference to Amendment No. 1 to TransDigm UK Holdings plc’s, TransDigm Inc.’s and TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form S-4, filed April 2, 2019 (File No. 333-228336) Incorporated by reference to Amendment No. 1 to TransDigm UK Holdings plc’s, TransDigm Inc.’s and TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form S-4, filed April 2, 2019 (File No. 333-228336) Incorporated by reference to Amendment No. 1 to TransDigm UK Holdings plc’s, TransDigm Inc.’s and TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form S-4, filed April 2, 2019 (File No. 333-228336) Incorporated by reference to Amendment No. 1 to TransDigm UK Holdings plc’s, TransDigm Inc.’s and TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form S-4, filed April 2, 2019 (File No. 333-228336) Exhibit No. Description 3.184 Restated Articles of Incorporation of TA Aerospace Co. 3.185 Amended and Restated Bylaws of TA Aerospace Co. 3.186 Certificate of Formation of CMC Electronics Aurora LLC 3.187 Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement of CMC Electronics Aurora LLC 3.188 Certificate of Formation of Esterline Europe Company LLC Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement of Esterline Europe Company LLC Filed Herewith or Incorporated by Reference From Incorporated by reference to Amendment No. 1 to TransDigm UK Holdings plc’s, TransDigm Inc.’s and TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form S-4, filed April 2, 2019 (File No. 333-228336) Incorporated by reference to Amendment No. 1 to TransDigm UK Holdings plc’s, TransDigm Inc.’s and TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form S-4, filed April 2, 2019 (File No. 333-228336) Incorporated by reference to Amendment No. 1 to TransDigm UK Holdings plc’s, TransDigm Inc.’s and TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form S-4, filed April 2, 2019 (File No. 333-228336) Incorporated by reference to Amendment No. 1 to TransDigm UK Holdings plc’s, TransDigm Inc.’s and TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form S-4, filed April 2, 2019 (File No. 333-228336) Incorporated by reference to Amendment No. 1 to TransDigm UK Holdings plc’s, TransDigm Inc.’s and TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form S-4, filed April 2, 2019 (File No. 333-228336) Incorporated by reference to Amendment No. 1 to TransDigm UK Holdings plc’s, TransDigm Inc.’s and TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form S-4, filed April 2, 2019 (File No. 333-228336) Certificate of Formation, as amended, of Esterline Georgia US LLC (now known as TREALITY SVS LLC) Filed Herewith Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement of TREALITY SVS LLC Filed Herewith Amended and Restated Certificate of Formation, as amended, of Esterline Federal LLC (now known as ScioTeq LLC) Filed Herewith Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement of ScioTeq LLC Filed Herewith Certificate of Incorporation, as amended, of Angus Electronics Co. Incorporated by reference to Amendment No. 1 to TransDigm UK Holdings plc’s, TransDigm Inc.’s and TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form S-4, filed April 2, 2019 (File No. 333-228336) 70 3.189 3.190 3.191 3.192 3.193 3.194 Exhibit No. Description 3.195 Amended and Restated Bylaws of Angus Electronics Co. 3.196 Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation of Avista, Incorporated 3.197 Amended and Restated Bylaws of Avista, Incorporated Filed Herewith or Incorporated by Reference From Incorporated by reference to Amendment No. 1 to TransDigm UK Holdings plc’s, TransDigm Inc.’s and TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form S-4, filed April 2, 2019 (File No. 333-228336) Incorporated by reference to Amendment No. 1 to TransDigm UK Holdings plc’s, TransDigm Inc.’s and TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form S-4, filed April 2, 2019 (File No. 333-228336) Incorporated by reference to Amendment No. 1 to TransDigm UK Holdings plc’s, TransDigm Inc.’s and TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form S-4, filed April 2, 2019 (File No. 333-228336) Certificate of Incorporation, as amended, of Esterline Sensors Services Americas, Inc. (now known as Auxitrol Weston USA, Inc.) Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Inc.’s and TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form S-4, filed August 7, 2019 (File No. 333-233103) 3.198 3.199 Amended and Restated Bylaws of Esterline Sensors Services Americas, Inc. (now known as Auxitrol Weston USA, Inc.) Incorporated by reference to Amendment No. 1 to TransDigm UK Holdings plc’s, TransDigm Inc.’s and TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form S-4, filed April 2, 2019 (File No. 333-228336) Incorporated by reference to Amendment No. 1 to TransDigm UK Holdings plc’s, TransDigm Inc.’s and TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form S-4, filed April 2, 2019 (File No. 333-228336) Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 10-Q, filed May 8, 2019 (File No. 001-32833) Incorporated by reference to Amendment No. 1 to TransDigm UK Holdings plc’s, TransDigm Inc.’s and TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form S-4, filed April 2, 2019 (File No. 333-228336) Incorporated by reference to Amendment No. 1 to TransDigm UK Holdings plc’s, TransDigm Inc.’s and TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form S-4, filed April 2, 2019 (File No. 333-228336) Incorporated by reference to Amendment No. 1 to TransDigm UK Holdings plc’s, TransDigm Inc.’s and TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form S-4, filed April 2, 2019 (File No. 333-228336) 3.200 Certificate of Formation of Esterline Technologies SGIP LLC 3.201 3.202 Limited Liability Company Agreement of Esterline Technologies SGIP LLC Certificate of Incorporation of Hytek Finishes Co. 3.203 Amended and Restated Bylaws of Hytek Finishes Co. 3.204 Restated Articles of Incorporation of Janco Corporation 71 Exhibit No. Description 3.205 Amended and Restated Bylaws of Janco Corporation 3.206 Certificate of Incorporation, as amended, of Mason Electric Co. 3.207 Amended and Restated Bylaws of Mason Electric Co. 3.208 Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation, as amended, of NMC Group, Inc. 3.209 Amended and Restated Bylaws of NMC Group, Inc. 3.210 Certificate of Incorporation, as amended, of Norwich Aero Products, Inc. 3.211 Amended and Restated By-laws of Norwich Aero Products, Inc. 3.212 Certificate of Incorporation, as amended, of Palomar Products, Inc. 3.213 Amended and Restated Bylaws of Palomar Products, Inc. Filed Herewith or Incorporated by Reference From Incorporated by reference to Amendment No. 1 to TransDigm UK Holdings plc’s, TransDigm Inc.’s and TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form S-4, filed April 2, 2019 (File No. 333-228336) Incorporated by reference to Amendment No. 1 to TransDigm UK Holdings plc’s, TransDigm Inc.’s and TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form S-4, filed April 2, 2019 (File No. 333-228336) Incorporated by reference to Amendment No. 1 to TransDigm UK Holdings plc’s, TransDigm Inc.’s and TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form S-4, filed April 2, 2019 (File No. 333-228336) Incorporated by reference to Amendment No. 1 to TransDigm UK Holdings plc’s, TransDigm Inc.’s and TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form S-4, filed April 2, 2019 (File No. 333-228336) Incorporated by reference to Amendment No. 1 to TransDigm UK Holdings plc’s, TransDigm Inc.’s and TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form S-4, filed April 2, 2019 (File No. 333-228336) Incorporated by reference to Amendment No. 1 to TransDigm UK Holdings plc’s, TransDigm Inc.’s and TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form S-4, filed April 2, 2019 (File No. 333-228336) Incorporated by reference to Amendment No. 1 to TransDigm UK Holdings plc’s, TransDigm Inc.’s and TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form S-4, filed April 2, 2019 (File No. 333-228336) Incorporated by reference to Amendment No. 1 to TransDigm UK Holdings plc’s, TransDigm Inc.’s and TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form S-4, filed April 2, 2019 (File No. 333-228336) Incorporated by reference to Amendment No. 1 to TransDigm UK Holdings plc’s, TransDigm Inc.’s and TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form S-4, filed April 2, 2019 (File No. 333-228336) 72 Exhibit No. Description 3.214 Certificate of Formation of 17111 Waterview Pkwy LLC 3.215 3.216 Limited Liability Company Agreement of 17111 Waterview Pkwy LLC Certificate of Incorporation of Korry Electronics Co. 3.217 Amended and Restated Bylaws of Korry Electronics Co. 3.218 Certificate of Incorporation of Armtec Defense Products Co. 3.219 Amended and Restated Bylaws of Armtec Defense Products Co. 3.220 Certificate of Incorporation of Armtec Countermeasures Co. 3.221 Amended and Restated Bylaws of Armtec Countermeasures Co. 3.222 Certificate of Incorporation, as amended, of Armtec Countermeasures TNO Co. 3.223 Amended and Restated Bylaws of Armtec Countermeasures TNO Co. 73 Filed Herewith or Incorporated by Reference From Incorporated by reference to Amendment No. 1 to TransDigm UK Holdings plc’s, TransDigm Inc.’s and TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form S-4, filed April 2, 2019 (File No. 333-228336) Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 10-Q, filed May 8, 2019 (File No. 001-32833) Incorporated by reference to Amendment No. 1 to TransDigm UK Holdings plc’s, TransDigm Inc.’s and TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form S-4, filed April 2, 2019 (File No. 333-228336) Incorporated by reference to Amendment No. 1 to TransDigm UK Holdings plc’s, TransDigm Inc.’s and TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form S-4, filed April 2, 2019 (File No. 333-228336) Incorporated by reference to Amendment No. 1 to TransDigm UK Holdings plc’s, TransDigm Inc.’s and TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form S-4, filed April 2, 2019 (File No. 333-228336) Incorporated by reference to Amendment No. 1 to TransDigm UK Holdings plc’s, TransDigm Inc.’s and TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form S-4, filed April 2, 2019 (File No. 333-228336) Incorporated by reference to Amendment No. 1 to TransDigm UK Holdings plc’s, TransDigm Inc.’s and TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form S-4, filed April 2, 2019 (File No. 333-228336) Incorporated by reference to Amendment No. 1 to TransDigm UK Holdings plc’s, TransDigm Inc.’s and TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form S-4, filed April 2, 2019 (File No. 333-228336) Incorporated by reference to Amendment No. 1 to TransDigm UK Holdings plc’s, TransDigm Inc.’s and TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form S-4, filed April 2, 2019 (File No. 333-228336) Incorporated by reference to Amendment No. 1 to TransDigm UK Holdings plc’s, TransDigm Inc.’s and TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form S-4, filed April 2, 2019 (File No. 333-228336) Exhibit No. Description 3.224 Certificate of Incorporation of Racal Acoustics, Inc. 3.225 Amended and Restated Bylaws of Racal Acoustics, Inc. Filed Herewith or Incorporated by Reference From Incorporated by reference to Amendment No. 1 to TransDigm UK Holdings plc’s, TransDigm Inc.’s and TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form S-4, filed April 2, 2019 (File No. 333-228336) Incorporated by reference to Amendment No. 1 to TransDigm UK Holdings plc’s, TransDigm Inc.’s and TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form S-4, filed April 2, 2019 (File No. 333-228336) 3.226 Certificate of Incorporation of TDG ESL Holdings Inc. Filed Herewith 3.227 By-laws of TDG ESL Holdings Inc. Filed Herewith Incorporated by reference to Amendment No. 3 to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form S-1 filed March 13, 2006 (File No. 333-130483) Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 8-K, filed June 6, 2014 (File No. 001-32833) Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 8-K, filed June 6, 2014 (File No. 001-32833) Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 8-K, filed May 19, 2015 (File No. 001-32833) Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 8-K, filed June 14, 2016 (File No. 001-32833) 4.1 Form of Stock Certificate 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 Indenture, dated as of June 4, 2014, among TransDigm Inc., TransDigm Group Incorporated, the guarantors listed on the signature pages thereto and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as trustee, relating to TransDigm Inc.’s 6.00% Senior Subordinated Notes due 2022. Indenture, dated as of June 4, 2014, among TransDigm Inc., TransDigm Group Incorporated, the guarantors listed on the signature pages thereto and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as trustee, relating to TransDigm Inc.’s 6.50% Senior Subordinated Notes due 2024 Indenture, dated as of May 14, 2015, among TransDigm Inc., TransDigm Group Incorporated, the guarantors listed on the signature pages thereto and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as trustee, relating to TransDigm Inc.’s 6.50% Senior Subordinated Notes due 2025 Indenture, dated as of June 9, 2016, among TransDigm Inc., as issuer, TransDigm Group Incorporated, as a guarantor, the subsidiary guarantors party thereto and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as trustee, relating to TransDigm Inc.’s 6.375% Senior Subordinated Notes due 2026 74 Exhibit No. Description 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 4.10 4.11 4.12 4.13 4.14 4.15 Indenture, dated as of May 8, 2018, among TransDigm UK Holdings plc, as issuer, TransDigm Group Incorporated and TransDigm Inc., as guarantors, the subsidiary guarantors party thereto and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as trustee, relating to TransDigm UK Holdings plc’s 6.875% Senior Subordinated Notes due 2026 Indenture, dated as of February 13, 2019, among TransDigm Inc., as issuer, TransDigm Group Incorporated, as a guarantor, the subsidiary guarantors party thereto, The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as trustee and US collateral agent, and The Bank of New York Mellon, as UK collateral agent, relating to TransDigm Inc.’s 6.25% Senior Secured Notes due 2026 Indenture, dated as of February 13, 2019, among TransDigm Inc., as issuer, TransDigm Group Incorporated, as a guarantor, the subsidiary guarantors party thereto and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as trustee, relating to TransDigm Inc.’s 7.50% Senior Subordinated Notes due 2027 Indenture, dated as of November 13, 2019, among TransDigm Inc., as issuer, TransDigm Group Incorporated, as a guarantor, the subsidiary guarantors party thereto and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as trustee, relating to TransDigm Inc.’s 5.50% Senior Subordinated Notes due 2027 Form of Supplemental Indenture to Add New Guarantors Form of TransDigm Inc.’s 6.00% Senior Subordinated Notes due 2022 Form of TransDigm Inc.’s 6.50% Senior Subordinated Notes due 2024 Form of TransDigm Inc.’s 6.50% Senior Subordinated Notes due 2025 Form of TransDigm Inc.’s 6.375% Senior Subordinated Notes due 2026 Form of TransDigm UK Holdings plc’s 6.875% Senior Subordinated Notes due 2026 75 Filed Herewith or Incorporated by Reference From Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 8-K, filed May 14, 2018 (File No. 001-32833) Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 8-K, filed February 13, 2019 (File No. 001-32833) Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 8-K, filed February 13, 2019 (File No. 001-32833) Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 8-K, filed November 13, 2019 (File No. 001-32833) Filed Herewith Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 8-K, filed June 6, 2014 (File No. 001-32833) Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 8-K, filed June 6, 2014 (File No. 001-32833) Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 8-K, filed May 19, 2015 (File No. 001-32833) Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 8-K, filed June 14, 2016 (File No. 001-32833) Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 8-K, filed May 14, 2018 (File No. 001-32833) Exhibit No. Description 4.16 Form of 6.25% Senior Secured Notes due 2026 Form of 7.50% Senior Subordinated Notes due 2027 Form of 5.50% Senior Subordinated Notes due 2027 Filed Herewith or Incorporated by Reference From Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 8-K, filed February 13, 2019 (File No. 001-32833) Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 8-K, filed February 13, 2019 (File No. 001-32833) Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 8-K, filed November 13, 2019 (File No. 001-32833) Description of Securities Filed Herewith Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of November 13, 2019, among TransDigm Inc., as issuer, TransDigm Group Incorporated, as a guarantor, the subsidiary guarantors party thereto and Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC, as representative for the initial purchasers listed therein Fifth Amended and Restated Employment Agreement, dated April 26, 2018, between TransDigm Group Incorporated and W. Nicholas Howley* Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 8-K, filed November 13, 2019 (File No. 001-32833) Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 8-K, filed April 30, 2018 (File No. 001-32833) Employment Agreement, dated July 27, 2018, between TransDigm Group Incorporated and Michael Lisman* Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 8-K, filed July 30, 2018 (File No. 001-32833) Second Amended and Restated Employment Agreement, dated April 26, 2018, between TransDigm Group Incorporated and Kevin Stein* Third Amended and Restated Employment Agreement, dated November 6, 2018, between TransDigm Group Incorporated and Robert Henderson* Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 8-K, filed April 30, 2018 (File No. 001-32833) Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 10-K, filed November 9, 2018 (File No. 001-32833) Employment Agreement, dated October 28, 2013, between TransDigm Group Incorporated and Jorge Valladares* Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 8-K, filed October 29, 2013 (File No. 001-32833) Employment Agreement, Dated February 24, 2011, between TransDigm Group Incorporated and Bernt Iversen* Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 8-K, filed February 25, 2011 (File No. 001-32833) First Amendment to Employment Agreement, dated April 20, 2012, between TransDigm Group Incorporated and Bernt Iversen* Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 8-K, filed April 24, 2012 (File No. 001-32833) Form of Amendment to Employment Agreement between TransDigm Group Incorporated and Bernt Iversen* Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 8-K, filed October 25, 2012 (File No. 001-32833) 76 4.17 4.18 4.19 4.20 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 10.6 10.7 10.8 10.9 10.10 10.11 10.12 10.13 10.14 10.15 10.16 10.17 10.18 10.19 10.20 10.21 10.22 Exhibit No. Description Form of Amendment to Employment Agreement, dated October 2015, between TransDigm Group Incorporated and each of Bernt Iversen, James Skulina, and Jorge Valladares* Filed Herewith or Incorporated by Reference From Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 8-K, filed October 27, 2015 (File No. 001-32833) Fourth Amendment to Employment Agreement, dated November 11, 2016, between TransDigm Group Incorporated and Bernt Iversen* Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 8-K, filed November 15, 2016 (File No. 001-32833) Second Amendment to Employment Agreement, dated July 30, 2018, between TransDigm Group Incorporated and Jorge Valladares* TransDigm Group Incorporated Fourth Amended and Restated 2003 Stock Option Plan* Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 8-K, filed August 3, 2018 (File No. 001-32833) Incorporated by reference to Amendment No. 1 to TransDigm Inc.’s and TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form S-4, filed November 7, 2006 (File No. 333-137937) Amendment No. 1 to the TransDigm Group Incorporated Fourth Amended and Restated 2003 Stock Option Plan* Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 10-K, filed November 21, 2007 (File No. 001-32833) Amendment No. 2 to the TransDigm Group Incorporated Fourth Amended and Restated 2003 Stock Option Plan* Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 10-Q, filed August 7, 2008 (File No. 001-32833) Amendment No. 3 to the TransDigm Group Incorporated Fourth Amended and Restated 2003 Stock Option Plan* Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 8-K, filed April 28, 2009 (File No. 001-32833) TransDigm Group Incorporated 2006 Stock Incentive Plan* Amendment No. 1, dated October 20, 2006, to the TransDigm Group Incorporated 2006 Stock Incentive Plan* Incorporated by reference to Amendment No. 3 to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form S-1, filed March 13, 2006 (File No. 333-130483) Incorporated by reference to Amendment No. 1 to TransDigm Inc.’s and TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form S-4, filed November 7, 2006 (File No. 333-137937) Second Amendment to TransDigm Group Incorporated 2006 Stock Incentive Plan, dated April 25, 2008* Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Schedule 14A, filed June 6, 2008 (File No. 001-32833) Amended and Restated TransDigm Group Incorporated 2014 Stock Option Plan* TransDigm Group Incorporated 2019 Stock Option Plan* TransDigm Group Incorporated 2016 Director Share Plan* Form of Option Agreement for options granted in fiscal 2015* Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 10-Q, filed August 7, 2019 (File No. 001-32833) Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 8-K, filed October 4, 2019 (File No. 001-32833) Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 10-Q, filed February 10, 2016 (File No. 001-32833) Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 10-Q, filed January 30, 2015 (File No. 001-32833) 77 Exhibit No. Description 10.23 10.24 10.25 10.26 10.27 10.28 10.29 10.30 10.31 10.32 10.33 Form of Option Agreement for options granted in fiscal 2016* Form of Stock Option Agreement for options awarded in fiscal 2017* Form of Stock Option Agreement for options awarded in fiscal 2018* Filed Herewith or Incorporated by Reference From Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 10-Q, filed February 10, 2016 (File No. 001-32833) Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 10-Q, filed February 8, 2017 (File No. 001-32833) Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 10-K, filed November 9, 2018 (File No. 001-32833) Form of Stock Option Agreement for options awarded in fiscal 2019* Filed Herewith Fourth Amended and Restated TransDigm Group Incorporated 2003 Stock Option Plan Dividend Equivalent Plan* Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 8-K, filed August 2, 2013 (File No. 001-32833) Third Amended and Restated TransDigm Group Incorporated 2006 Stock Incentive Plan Dividend Equivalent Plan* Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 8-K, filed August 2, 2013 (File No. 001-32833) Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 8-K, filed October 28, 2014 (File No. 001-32833) Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 8-K, filed June 6, 2014 (File No. 001-32833) Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 8-K, filed May 19, 2015 (File No. 001-32833) Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 8-K, filed May 27, 2015 (File No. 001-32833) Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 8-K, filed May 27, 2015 (File No. 001-32833) TransDigm Group Incorporated 2014 Stock Option Plan Dividend Equivalent Plan* Amendment and Restatement Agreement, and Second Amendment and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of June 4, 2014, among TransDigm Inc., TransDigm Group Incorporated, the subsidiaries of TransDigm Inc. from time to time party thereto, the lenders party thereto, as lenders, and Credit Suisse AG, as administrative agent Incremental Assumption and Refinancing Facility Agreement, dated as of May 14, 2015, among TransDigm Inc., TransDigm Group Incorporated, the subsidiary guarantors party thereto, Credit Suisse AG, as administrative agent and collateral agent, and the other agents and lenders named therein Loan Modification Agreement, dated as of May 20, 2015, among TransDigm Inc., TransDigm Group Incorporated, the subsidiary guarantors party thereto, Credit Suisse AG, as administrative agent and collateral agent, and the other agents and lenders party thereto Incremental Revolving Credit Assumption and Refinancing Facility Agreement, dated as of May 20, 2015, among TransDigm Inc., TransDigm Group Incorporated, the subsidiary guarantors party thereto, Credit Suisse AG, as administrative agent and collateral agent and the other agents and lenders party thereto 78 Filed Herewith or Incorporated by Reference From Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 8-K, filed October 14, 2016 (File No. 001-32833) Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 8-K, filed March 8, 2017 (File No. 001-32833) Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 8-K, filed August 24, 2017 (File No. 001-32833) Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 8-K, filed December 6, 2017 (File No. 001-32833) Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 8-K, filed February 22, 2018 (File No. 001-32833) Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 8-K, filed May 31, 2018 (File No. 001-32833) Exhibit No. Description 10.34 10.35 10.36 10.37 10.38 10.39 Incremental Term Loan Assumption Agreement dated October 14, 2016 among TransDigm Inc., TransDigm Group Incorporated, the subsidiaries of TransDigm Inc. party thereto, the lenders party thereto and Credit Suisse AG, as administrative and collateral agent Amendment No. 2 to the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of March 6, 2017, among TransDigm Inc., as borrower, TransDigm Group Incorporated, as guarantor, the subsidiary guarantors party thereto, Credit Suisse AG, as administrative agent and collateral agent, and the other agents and lenders named therein Amendment No. 3 to the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of August 22, 2017, among TransDigm Inc., as borrower, TransDigm Group Incorporated, as guarantor, the subsidiary guarantors party thereto, Credit Suisse AG, as administrative agent and collateral agent, and the other agents and lenders named therein Amendment No. 4 to the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of November 30, 2017, among TransDigm Inc., as borrower, TransDigm Group Incorporated, as guarantor, the subsidiary guarantors party thereto, Credit Suisse AG, as administrative agent and collateral agent, and the other agents and lenders named therein Refinancing Facility Agreement to the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of February 22, 2018, among TransDigm Inc., as borrower, TransDigm Group Incorporated, as guarantor, the subsidiary guarantors party thereto, Credit Suisse AG, as administrative agent and collateral agent, and the other agents and lenders named therein Amendment No. 5, Incremental Assumption Agreement and Refinancing Facility Agreement, dated as of May 30, 2018, relating to the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of June 4, 2014, among TransDigm Inc., TransDigm Group Incorporated, each subsidiary of TransDigm Inc. party thereto, the lenders party thereto, and Credit Suisse AG, as administrative agent and collateral agent for the lenders 79 Filed Herewith or Incorporated by Reference From Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 8-K, filed March 14, 2019 (File No. 001-32833) Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 8-K, filed March 6, 2013 (File No. 001-32833) Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 10-Q, filed February 5, 2014 (File No. 001-32833) Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 10-K, filed November 13, 2015 (File No. 001-32833) Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 10-K, filed November 13, 2015 (File No. 001-32833) Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 10-K, filed November 13, 2015 (File No. 001-32833) Exhibit No. Description 10.40 10.41 10.42 10.43 10.44 10.45 Amendment No. 6 and Incremental Revolving Credit Assumption Agreement, dated as of March 14, 2019, to the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of June 4, 2014, among TransDigm Inc., TransDigm Group Incorporated, each subsidiary of TransDigm Inc. party thereto, the lenders party thereto, and Credit Suisse AG, as administrative agent and collateral agent for the lenders. Guarantee and Collateral Agreement, dated as of June 23, 2006, as amended and restated as of December 6, 2010, as further amended and restated as of February 14, 2011 and February 28, 2013, among TransDigm Inc., TransDigm Group Incorporated, the subsidiaries of TransDigm Inc. named therein and Credit Suisse AG as administrative agent and collateral agent Receivables Purchase Agreement, dated October 21, 2013, among TransDigm Receivables LLC, TransDigm Inc., PNC Bank, National Association as a Purchaser and a Purchaser Agent, the various other Purchasers and Purchaser Agents from time to time party thereto, and PNC National Association as Administrator First Amendment to the Receivables Purchase Agreement, dated March 25, 2014, among TransDigm Receivables LLC, TransDigm Inc., PNC Bank, National Association as a Purchaser, Purchaser Agent for its Purchaser Group and as Administrator Second Amendment to the Receivables Purchase Agreement, dated August 8, 2014, among TransDigm Receivables LLC, TransDigm Inc., PNC Bank, National Association, as a Committed Purchaser, as a Purchaser Agent for its Purchaser Group and Administrator, and Credit Agricole Corporate and Investment Bank, as a Committed Purchaser and as a Purchase Agent for its Purchaser Group Third Amendment to the Receivables Purchase Agreement, dated March 20, 2015, among TransDigm Receivables LLC, TransDigm Inc., PNC Bank, National Association, as a Committed Purchaser, as a Purchaser Agent for its Purchaser Group and Administrator, Atlantic Asset Securitization LLC, as a Conduit Purchaser, and Credit Agricole Corporate and Investment Bank, as a Committed Purchaser and as a Purchase Agent for its and Atlantic’s Purchaser Group 80 Filed Herewith or Incorporated by Reference From Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 8-K, filed August 7, 2015 (File No. 001-32833) Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 10-K, filed November 13, 2017 (File No. 001-32833) Incorporated by reference to TransDigm Group Incorporated’s Form 10-Q, filed August 8, 2018 (File No. 001-32833) Filed Herewith Exhibit No. Description 10.46 10.47 10.48 10.49 Fourth Amendment to the Receivables Purchase Agreement dated as of August 4, 2015, among TransDigm Receivables LLC, TransDigm Inc., PNC Bank, National Association, as a Committed Purchaser, as a Purchaser Agent for its Purchaser Group and Administrator, Atlantic Asset Securitization LLC, as a Conduit Purchaser, and Credit Agricole Corporate and Investment Bank, as a Committed Purchaser and as a Purchaser Agent for its and Atlantic’s Purchaser Group Ninth Amendment to the Receivables Purchase Agreement dated as of August 1, 2017, among TransDigm Receivables LLC, TransDigm Inc., PNC Bank, National Association, as a Committed Purchaser, as Purchaser Agent for its Purchaser Group and as Administrator, Atlantic Asset Securitization LLC, as a Conduit Purchaser, Credit Agricole Corporate and Investment Bank, as a Committed Purchaser and as a Purchaser Agent for its and Atlantic’s Purchaser Group, and Fifth Third Bank, as a Committed Purchaser and as Purchaser Agent for its Purchaser Group Tenth Amendment to the Receivables Purchase Agreement dated as of July 31, 2018, among TransDigm Receivables LLC, TransDigm Inc., PNC Bank, National Association, as a Committed Purchaser, as Purchaser Agent for its Purchaser Group and as Administrator, Atlantic Asset Securitization LLC, as a Conduit Purchaser, Credit Agricole Corporate and Investment Bank, as a Committed Purchaser and as a Purchaser Agent for its and Atlantic’s Purchaser Group, and Fifth Third Bank, as a Committed Purchaser and as Purchaser Agent for its Purchaser Group Eleventh Amendment to the Receivables Purchase Agreement dated as of July 30, 2019, among TransDigm Receivables LLC, TransDigm Inc., PNC Bank, National Association, as a Committed Purchaser, as Purchaser Agent for its Purchaser Group and as Administrator, Atlantic Asset Securitization LLC, as a Conduit Purchaser, Credit Agricole Corporate and Investment Bank, as a Committed Purchaser and as a Purchaser Agent for its and Atlantic’s Purchaser Group, and Fifth Third Bank, as a Committed Purchaser and as Purchaser Agent for its Purchaser Group 21.1 Subsidiaries of TransDigm Group Incorporated Filed Herewith 81 Exhibit No. Description Filed Herewith or Incorporated by Reference From 23.1 31.1 31.2 32.1 32.2 101 104 Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm Certification by Principal Executive Officer of TransDigm Group Incorporated pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) or 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 Certification by Principal Financial Officer of TransDigm Group Incorporated pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) or 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 Certification by Principal Executive Officer of TransDigm Group Incorporated pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 Certification by Principal Financial Officer of TransDigm Group Incorporated pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 Filed Herewith Filed Herewith Filed Herewith Filed Herewith Filed Herewith Financial Statements and Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements formatted in Inline XBRL. Filed Herewith Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document) Filed Herewith * Indicates management contract or compensatory plan contract or arrangement. 82 SIGNATURES Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this Report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized on November 19, 2019. TRANSDIGM GROUP INCORPORATED By: Name: Title: /s/ Michael Lisman Michael Lisman Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this Report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and as of the dates indicated. Signature /s/ Kevin Stein Kevin Stein /s/ Michael Lisman Michael Lisman /s/ Sarah Wynne Sarah Wynne /s/ W. Nicholas Howley W. Nicholas Howley /s/ David Barr David Barr /s/ William Dries William Dries /s/ Mervin Dunn Mervin Dunn /s/ Michael Graff Michael Graff /s/ Sean P. Hennessy Sean P. Hennessy /s/ Raymond F. Laubenthal Raymond F. Laubenthal /s/ Gary E. McCullough Gary E. McCullough /s/ Michele Santana Michele Santana /s/ Robert J. Small Robert J. Small /s/ John Staer John Staer Title Date President, Chief Executive Officer and Director (Principal Executive Officer) Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer) Chief Accounting Officer (Principal Accounting Officer) November 19, 2019 November 19, 2019 November 19, 2019 Executive Chairman November 19, 2019 Director Director Director Director Director Director Director Director Director Director 83 November 19, 2019 November 19, 2019 November 19, 2019 November 19, 2019 November 19, 2019 November 19, 2019 November 19, 2019 November 19, 2019 November 19, 2019 November 19, 2019 TRANSDIGM GROUP INCORPORATED AND SUBSIDIARIES ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM 10-K: FISCAL YEAR ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2019 ITEM 8 AND ITEM 15(a) (1) FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA INDEX Financial Statements: Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2019 and 2018 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page F-1 F-3 Consolidated Statements of Income for Fiscal Years Ended September 30, 2019, 2018 and 2017 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F-4 Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for Fiscal Years Ended September 30, 2019, 2018 and 2017 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F-5 Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Deficit for Fiscal Years Ended September 30, 2019, 2018 and 2017 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F-6 Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for Fiscal Years Ended September 30, 2019, 2018 and 2017 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F-7 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for Fiscal Years Ended September 30, 2019, 2018 and 2017 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F-8 to F-64 Supplementary Data: Valuation and Qualifying Accounts for the Fiscal Years Ended September 30, 2019, 2018 and 2017 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F-65 84 Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm The Board of Directors and Shareholders of TransDigm Group Opinion on the Financial Statements We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of TransDigm Group Incorporated (“the Company”) as of September 30, 2019 and 2018, the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, changes in stockholders’ deficit, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended September 30, 2019, and the related notes and financial statement schedule listed in the Index at Item 15(a) (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of the Company at September 30, 2019 and 2018, and the consolidated results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended September 30, 2019, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of September 30, 2019, based on criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework) and our report dated November 19, 2019 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon. Basis for Opinion These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB. We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion. Critical Audit Matter The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective or complex judgments. The communication of the critical audit matter does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates. F-1 Description of the Matter Valuation of intangible assets and loss contract reserves for Esterline acquisition As described in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements, during 2019, the Company completed the acquisition of all the outstanding stock of Esterline Technologies Corporation (“Esterline”) for a total purchase price of approximately $3,924 million, net of cash acquired. The acquisition was accounted for under the acquisition method of accounting whereby the total purchase price was allocated to tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on the respective estimated fair values. Management’s accounting for the Company’s 2019 acquisition of Esterline was significant to our audit because the amounts are material to the consolidated financial statements and the related accounting for this transaction involved a high degree of subjectivity in determination of the fair value of the $1,310 million acquired intangible assets, and $268 million loss contract reserves. The acquired intangible assets principally consisted of trademarks and tradenames, technology, order backlog, and customer relationships. The loss contract reserves related to acquired contracts with customers that were determined to have below market terms. The high degree of subjectivity was primarily due to the sensitivity of the respective fair values to underlying assumptions about the future performance of the acquired business. The Company used a discounted cash flow model to measure the intangible assets and loss contract reserves. The significant assumptions used to estimate the value of the intangible assets included discount rates and certain assumptions that form the basis of the forecasted results (e.g., revenue growth rates, customer attrition rates, and royalty rates). The significant assumptions used to estimate the value of the loss contract reserves included discount rates, forecasted quantities of the products to be sold under the long-term contracts and market prices for respective products. These significant assumptions are forward looking and could be affected by future economic and market conditions. How We Addressed the Matter in Our Audit We obtained an understanding, evaluated the design and tested the operating effectiveness of controls over the Company’s accounting for the recognition and measurement of the intangible assets and loss contract reserves. This included testing controls over management’s review of the fair value methodology and significant assumptions used to develop the estimates of fair value for those intangible assets and loss contract reserves. To test the estimated fair values of the acquired intangible assets and loss contract reserves, our audit procedures included, among others, assessing the appropriateness of the valuation methodology and testing the significant assumptions discussed above and the underlying data used by the Company. We involved our valuation specialists in assessing the fair value methodology applied and evaluating certain significant assumptions. When evaluating the significant assumptions used to determine the fair value of the acquired intangible assets, we compared the assumptions to the past performance of Esterline, peer companies within the industry, similar acquisitions made by the Company, market data and expected industry trends. When evaluating the significant assumptions used to value the loss contract reserves, we reviewed market data, historical sales and backlog of products sold under the respective contracts and assessed reasonableness of market prices of such products through review of sales of such products or similar products to other customers. Furthermore, we assessed the appropriateness of the disclosures in the consolidated financial statements regarding the acquisition. /s/ Ernst & Young LLP We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2004. Cleveland, Ohio November 19, 2019 F-2 TRANSDIGM GROUP INCORPORATED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS AS OF SEPTEMBER 30, 2019 AND 2018 (Amounts in thousands, except share amounts) 2019 2018 ASSETS CURRENT ASSETS: Cash and cash equivalents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trade accounts receivable—Net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Inventories—Net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Assets held-for-sale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Prepaid expenses and other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 1,467,486 1,067,603 1,232,649 962,129 135,380 Total current assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT—NET . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . GOODWILL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS—NET . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . OTHER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,865,247 756,757 7,820,103 2,743,820 68,804 $ 2,073,017 704,310 805,292 — 74,668 3,657,287 388,333 6,223,290 1,788,404 140,153 TOTAL ASSETS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $16,254,731 $12,197,467 LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ DEFICIT CURRENT LIABILITIES: Current portion of long-term debt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Short-term borrowings—trade receivable securitization facility . . . . . . . . . . . . Accounts payable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Accrued liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Liabilities held-for-sale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ $ 80,213 349,519 276,590 675,695 156,739 75,817 299,519 173,603 351,443 — Total current liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . LONG-TERM DEBT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . DEFERRED INCOME TAXES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . OTHER NON-CURRENT LIABILITIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,538,756 16,469,221 440,817 691,020 900,382 12,501,946 399,496 204,114 Total liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,139,814 14,005,938 TD GROUP STOCKHOLDERS’ DEFICIT: Common stock—$.01 par value; authorized 224,400,000 shares; issued 57,623,311 and 56,895,686 shares at September 30, 2019 and 2018 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Additional paid-in capital Accumulated deficit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Treasury stock, at cost; 4,161,326 shares at September 30, 2019 and 2018 . . . . 576 1,378,760 (3,119,956) (378,981) (775,304) 569 1,208,742 (2,246,578) 4,100 (775,304) Total TD Group stockholders’ deficit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (2,894,905) (1,808,471) NONCONTROLLING INTERESTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,822 — Total stockholders’ deficit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (2,885,083) (1,808,471) TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ DEFICIT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $16,254,731 $12,197,467 See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. F-3 TRANSDIGM GROUP INCORPORATED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME (Amounts in thousands, except per share amounts) Fiscal Years Ended September 30, 2019 2018 2017 NET SALES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . COST OF SALES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $5,223,203 2,413,932 $3,811,126 1,633,616 $3,504,286 1,519,659 GROSS PROFIT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SELLING AND ADMINISTRATIVE EXPENSES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AMORTIZATION OF INTANGIBLE ASSETS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . INCOME FROM OPERATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . INTEREST EXPENSE—Net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . REFINANCING COSTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . OTHER EXPENSE—Net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,809,271 747,773 134,952 1,926,546 859,753 3,013 915 2,177,510 449,676 72,454 1,655,380 663,008 6,396 419 1,984,627 412,555 89,226 1,482,846 602,589 39,807 3,020 INCOME FROM CONTINUING OPERATIONS BEFORE INCOME TAXES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . INCOME TAX PROVISION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,062,865 221,986 985,557 24,021 837,430 208,889 INCOME FROM CONTINUING OPERATIONS INCLUDING NONCONTROLLING INTERESTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 840,879 961,536 628,541 INCOME (LOSS) FROM DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS, NET OF TAX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50,432 (4,474) (31,654) NET INCOME INCLUDING NONCONTROLLING INTERESTS . . . . NET INCOME ATTRIBUTABLE TO NONCONTROLLING 891,311 957,062 596,887 INTERESTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (1,541) — — NET INCOME ATTRIBUTABLE TO TD GROUP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 889,770 $ 957,062 $ 596,887 NET INCOME APPLICABLE TO TD GROUP COMMON STOCK . . . $ 778,749 $ 900,914 $ 437,630 Net earnings per share attributable to TD Group stockholders: Net earnings per share from continuing operations—basic and diluted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 12.94 $ 16.28 $ 8.45 Net earnings (loss) per share from discontinued operations—basic and diluted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Net earnings per share . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cash dividends paid per common share . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Weighted-average shares outstanding: 0.90 13.84 30.00 $ $ (0.08) 16.20 $ (0.57) 7.88 — $ 46.00 $ $ Basic and diluted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56,265 55,597 55,530 See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. F-4 TRANSDIGM GROUP INCORPORATED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (Amounts in thousands) Fiscal Years Ended September 30, 2017 2018 2019 Net income including noncontrolling interests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 891,311 (1,541) 957,062 — 596,887 — Net income attributable to TD Group . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax: 889,770 957,062 596,887 Foreign currency translation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unrealized (loss) gain on derivatives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pensions and other postretirement benefits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (114,856) (239,221) (29,004) (10,253) 93,860 5,636 22,241 34,471 7,932 Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax, attributable to TD Group . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (383,081) 89,243 64,644 TOTAL COMPREHENSIVE INCOME ATTRIBUTABLE TO TD GROUP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 506,689 $1,046,305 $661,531 See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. F-5 TRANSDIGM GROUP INCORPORATED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ DEFICIT (Amounts in thousands, except share and per share amounts) TD Group Stockholders Common Stock Number of Shares Common Stock $558 Additional Paid-In Capital Accumulated Deficit $1,028,972 $(1,146,963) Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income $(149,787) Treasury Stock Number of Shares Non- controlling Interests Value Total (2,433,035) $(384,270) $ — $ (651,490) — (214,849) 44,931 21,177 — 239 — — — — 1,095,319 — — — — 596,887 — — — (3,187,220) — (16,420) 55,481 57,583 359 — — — — 1,208,742 — — — — — — 957,062 — — — (2,246,578) 3,284 (353) 2,199 — — (1,687,910) — — (80,368) — — — — — 561 — — — — — 569 — — — — — — — BALANCE—September 30, 2016 . . . . . 55,767,767 Accrued unvested dividend equivalent payments and other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Compensation expense recognized for employee stock options and restricted stock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Exercise of employee stock options and restricted stock activity, net . . . . . . . . Treasury stock purchased . . . . . . . . . . . . Common stock issued . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Net income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unrealized gain on derivatives, net of tax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of tax . . . . . . . . . . . . Pensions and other postretirement payments and other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Compensation expense recognized for employee stock options and restricted stock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Exercise of employee stock options and restricted stock activity, net . . . . . . . . Common stock issued . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Net income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unrealized gain on derivatives, net of tax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of tax . . . . . . . . . . . . Pensions and other postretirement benefits adjustments, net of tax . . . . . — BALANCE—September 30, 2017 . . . . . 56,093,659 Accrued unvested dividend equivalent benefits adjustments, net of tax . . . . . — BALANCE—September 30, 2018 . . . . . 56,895,686 Cumulative effect of ASC 606, adopted October 1, 2018 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . — 3 324,908 — — 984 — — — 800,955 1,072 — — — 8 Cumulative effect of ASU 2016-16, adopted October 1, 2018 . . . . . . . . . . Cumulative effect of ASU 2018-02, adopted October 1, 2018 . . . . . . . . . . Noncontrolling interests assumed related to acquisitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dividends paid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Accrued unvested dividend equivalent payments and other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Compensation expense recognized for employee stock options . . . . . . . . . . . Exercise of employee stock options . . . . Common stock issued . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Net income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unrealized (loss) gain on derivatives, net of tax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of tax . . . . . . . . . . . . Pensions and other postretirement benefits adjustments, net of tax . . . . . — BALANCE—September 30, 2019 . . . . . 57,623,311 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 34,471 22,241 7,932 (85,143) — — — — — 93,860 (10,253) 5,636 4,100 — — (2,199) — — — — — — — — — — — (2,548) (1,723,624) — — (630) (389,821) — — — — — — — — (4,159,207) (774,721) — — (2,119) — — — — — — — (583) — — — — — (4,161,326) (775,304) — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 8,281 — — — — — 1,541 — — — (4,161,326) $(775,304) $9,822 (214,849) 44,931 20,550 (389,821) 239 596,887 34,471 22,241 7,932 (2,951,204) (16,420) 55,481 57,008 359 957,062 93,860 (10,253) 5,636 (1,808,471) 3,284 (353) — 8,281 (1,687,910) (80,368) 87,727 81,882 416 891,311 (237,022) (114,856) (29,004) $(2,885,083) — 726,750 7 87,727 81,875 416 — — — — 889,770 875 — — — — — — $576 — — — — — — $1,378,760 $(3,119,956) (237,022) (114,856) (29,004) $(378,981) See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. F-6 TRANSDIGM GROUP INCORPORATED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (Amounts in thousands) Fiscal Years Ended September 30, 2019 2018 2017 OPERATING ACTIVITIES: Net income including noncontrolling interests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Net (income) loss from discontinued operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating $ 891,311 (50,432) $ 957,062 4,474 $ 596,887 31,654 activities: Depreciation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Amortization of intangible assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Amortization of debt issuance costs, original issue discount and premium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Amortization of inventory step-up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Amortization of loss contract reserves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Refinancing costs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Non-cash stock compensation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Deferred income taxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Changes in assets/liabilities, net of effects from acquisitions and sales of businesses: Trade accounts receivable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Inventories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Income taxes receivable/payable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Accounts payable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Accrued interest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Accrued and other liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Net cash provided by operating activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . INVESTING ACTIVITIES: Capital expenditures, net of disposals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Payments made in connection with acquisitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Proceeds in connection with the sale of discontinued operations . . . . . . . . . Net cash used in investing activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . FINANCING ACTIVITIES: Proceeds from exercise of stock options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Special dividends and dividend equivalent payments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Treasury stock purchased . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Proceeds from term loans, net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Repayments on term loans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Proceeds from senior secured notes due 2026, net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Proceeds from senior subordinated notes, net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cash tender and redemption of senior subordinated notes due 2020 . . . . . . . Cash tender and redemption of senior subordinated notes due 2021, Proceeds from trade receivable securitization facility, net Financing fees and other including premium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89,689 136,011 28,034 76,927 (38,347) 3,013 93,362 (349) (82,268) (35,712) (2,667) (26,767) (1,632) (3,948) (60,753) 1,015,472 (101,591) (3,976,155) 188,766 (3,888,980) 81,875 (1,712,219) — — (76,428) 3,935,567 544,248 (550,000) — 49,423 (1,113) 2,271,353 56,397 73,447 22,128 7,080 (10,570) 6,396 58,481 (151,640) (43,811) (17,888) 36,161 (4,813) 18,075 14,368 (3,174) 1,022,173 (73,341) (667,619) 57,383 (683,577) 57,583 (56,148) — 12,779,694 (12,174,305) — 489,608 — — — (10,832) 1,085,600 EFFECT OF EXCHANGE RATE CHANGES ON CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NET (DECREASE) INCREASE IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS . . . . CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, BEGINNING OF PERIOD . . . . . . . . . . . CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, END OF PERIOD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (3,376) (605,531) 2,073,017 $ 1,467,486 (1,740) 1,422,456 650,561 $ 2,073,017 SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF CASH FLOW INFORMATION: Cash paid during the period for interest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cash paid during the period for income taxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ $ 877,531 215,154 $ $ 634,980 129,246 50,937 90,088 21,106 20,621 (3,477) 39,807 45,524 (918) (54,669) 5,127 18,219 (10,564) (10,354) (958) (50,297) 788,733 (71,013) (215,990) — (287,003) 21,177 (2,581,552) (389,821) 2,937,773 (1,284,698) — 300,386 — (528,847) 99,471 (17,571) (1,443,682) 5,519 (936,433) 1,586,994 650,561 587,718 185,295 $ $ $ See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. F-7 TRANSDIGM GROUP INCORPORATED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FISCAL YEARS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2019, 2018 AND 2017 1. DESCRIPTION OF THE BUSINESS Description of the Business—TransDigm Group Incorporated (“TD Group”), through its wholly-owned subsidiary, TransDigm Inc., is a leading global designer, producer and supplier of highly engineered aircraft components for use on nearly every commercial and military aircraft in service today. TransDigm Inc., along with TransDigm Inc.’s direct and indirect wholly-owned operating subsidiaries (collectively, with TD Group, the “Company” or “TransDigm”), offers a broad range of proprietary aerospace components. TD Group has no significant assets or operations other than its 100% ownership of TransDigm Inc. TD Group’s common stock is listed on the New York Stock Exchange, or the NYSE, under the trading symbol “TDG.” TransDigm’s major product offerings, substantially all of which are ultimately provided to end-users in the aerospace industry, include mechanical/electro-mechanical actuators and controls, ignition systems and engine technology, specialized pumps and valves, power conditioning devices, specialized AC/DC electric motors and generators, NiCad batteries and chargers, engineered latching and locking devices, rods and locking devices, engineered connectors and elastomers, databus and power controls, cockpit security components and systems, specialized cockpit displays, aircraft audio systems, specialized lavatory components, seat belts and safety restraints, engineered interior surfaces and related components, advanced sensor products, switches and relay panels, advanced displays, thermal protection and insulation, lighting and control technology, military personnel parachutes, high performance hoists, winches and lifting devices, and cargo loading, handling and delivery systems. 2. ACQUISITIONS AND DIVESTITURES During the most recent three fiscal years, the Company completed the acquisitions of Esterline, Skandia, Extant, Kirkhill and substantially all of the assets and technical data rights of several aerospace and defense- related product lines. The Company accounted for the acquisitions using the acquisition method and included the results of operations of the acquisitions in its consolidated financial statements from the effective date of each acquisition. As of September 30, 2019, the one-year measurement period is open for Esterline and certain product line acquisitions; therefore, the assets acquired and liabilities assumed related to these acquisitions are subject to adjustment until the end of their respective one-year measurement periods. Pro forma net sales and results of operations for the acquisitions other than Esterline, had they occurred at the beginning of the applicable fiscal year ended September 30, 2019 or 2018, are not material and, accordingly, are not provided. The acquisitions strengthen and expand the Company’s position to design, produce and supply highly engineered proprietary aerospace components in niche markets with significant aftermarket content and provide opportunities to create value through the application of our three core value-driven operating strategies (obtaining profitable new business, improving our cost structure, and providing highly engineered value-added products to customers). The purchase price paid for each acquisition reflects the current earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (EBITDA) and cash flows, as well as the future EBITDA and cash flows expected to be generated by the business, which are driven in most cases by the recurring aftermarket consumption over the life of a particular aircraft, estimated to be approximately 25 to 30 years. Acquisitions Esterline—On March 14, 2019, TransDigm completed the acquisition of all the outstanding stock of Esterline for $122.50 per share in cash, plus the repayment of Esterline debt. The purchase price, net of cash acquired of approximately $398.2 million, totaled approximately $3,923.9 million. Of the $3,923.9 million purchase price, $3,536.3 million was paid at closing and the remaining $387.6 million was classified as restricted F-8 cash for the redemption of Esterline’s outstanding senior notes due 2023 (herein the “2023 Notes”). The 2023 Notes were redeemed on April 15, 2019. Esterline, through its subsidiaries, is an industry leader in specialized manufacturing for the aerospace and defense industry, primarily within three core disciplines: advanced materials, avionics and controls and sensors and systems. The acquisition of Esterline expands TransDigm’s platform of proprietary and sole source content for the aerospace and defense industry and the Esterline products have significant aftermarket exposure. TransDigm evaluated the strategic fit and description of each Esterline reporting unit to determine the appropriate business segment for the reporting unit. Each Esterline reporting unit is included in one of TransDigm’s segments: Power and Control, Airframe, or Non-aviation. Refer to Note 17, “Segments,” for additional information about the Company’s segments. The total purchase price of Esterline was allocated to the underlying assets acquired and liabilities assumed based upon management’s estimated fair values at the date of acquisition. To the extent the purchase price exceeded the estimated fair value of the net identifiable tangible and intangible assets acquired, such excess was allocated to goodwill. Allocations are based on the acquisition method of accounting and in-process third-party valuation appraisals. The allocation of the purchase price is preliminary and will likely change in future periods, perhaps materially, as fair value estimates of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed are refined and finalized during the allowable one year measurement period. Except where otherwise noted in the notes to consolidated financial statements, changes in balances and activity where comparable periods are presented in the consolidated financial statements were generally driven by the Esterline acquisition. The preliminary allocation of the fair value of the Esterline acquisition is summarized in the table below (presented in thousands). Assets acquired, excluding cash: Trade accounts receivable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Inventories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Prepaid expenses and other current assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Property, plant, and equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other intangible assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Goodwill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total assets acquired, excluding cash . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Liabilities assumed: $ 386,671 588,741 421,973 472,623 1,309,900 2,176,941 22,196 5,379,045 Accounts payable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other current liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other noncurrent liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144,516 717,621 593,058 Total liabilities assumed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,455,195 Net assets acquired . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $3,923,850 The Company currently expects that of the approximately $2.2 billion of goodwill recognized for the acquisition, approximately $25.6 million will be deductible for tax purposes and, of the approximately $1.3 billion of other intangible assets recognized for the acquisition, approximately $48.9 million will be deductible for tax purposes. In connection with the Esterline acquisition, we acquired existing long-term contracts with customers that were incurring gross margin losses as of the date of acquisition. Based on our review of these contracts, we concluded that the terms of certain contracts were unfavorable when compared to market terms as of the acquisition date. As a result, we recognized loss contract reserves as of the acquisition date of $268.4 million F-9 based on the present value of the difference between the contractual cash flows of the existing long-term contracts and the estimated cash flows had the contracts been executed at market terms as of the acquisition date. As of September 30, 2019, we have reclassified $9.3 million in loss contract reserves to liabilities held-for-sale, as it pertains to Souriau-Sunbank. Significant assumptions used to determine the fair value of the loss contract reserves using the discounted cash flow model include discount rates, forecasted quantities of products to be sold under the long-term contracts and market prices for respective products. These significant assumptions are forward looking and could be affected by future economic and market conditions. The loss contract reserves are amortized and recorded as an offset to cost of sales over the life of the contracts as actual sales occur under the long-term contracts. Approximately $27.3 million was amortized and recorded as an offset to cost of sales in the consolidated statement of income for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2019. Total loss contract reserves related to the Esterline acquisition were $231.8 million at September 30, 2019, of which $60.0 million is classified in accrued liabilities and $171.8 million is classified in other non-current liabilities in the consolidated balance sheet at September 30, 2019. The Esterline acquisition contributed net sales and income from continuing operations before taxes of $908.0 million and $57.1 million for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2019. Net income from continuing operations for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2019 included approximately $55.4 million of other intangible asset amortization expense and $71.4 million of inventory step-up amortization expense in cost of sales. Acquisition costs were expensed as incurred and for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2019 totaled approximately $85.1 million. These costs were recorded in selling and administrative expenses and cost of sales within the consolidated statements of income. In connection with the financing of the Esterline acquisition, approximately $155.3 million of net interest expense (comprised of gross interest expense of $163.5 million and interest income of $8.2 million) was recorded for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2019. The following pro forma information presents consolidated financial information as if Esterline had been acquired at the beginning of fiscal year 2018. Interest expense has been adjusted as though the debt incurred to finance the Esterline acquisition had been outstanding at October 1, 2017. In the pro forma information presented, fiscal year 2018 includes other intangible asset amortization expense of approximately $103.3 million resulting from the preliminary acquisition accounting. In the pro forma information presented, fiscal year 2019 presented includes other intangible asset amortization of approximately $71.5 million resulting from the preliminary acquisition accounting. In the pro forma information presented, fiscal years 2018 and 2019 include property step-up depreciation of approximately $14.4 million resulting from the preliminary acquisition accounting. The full $71.4 million of inventory step-up amortization resulting from the preliminary acquisition accounting asset step-up has been included in the fiscal year 2018 pro forma results to reflect the pro forma transaction date of October 1, 2017, and thus the inventory step-up amortization expense of $71.4 million recorded for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2019, has been excluded. The unaudited pro forma consolidated financial information does not necessarily reflect the actual results that would have occurred had the acquisition taken place on October 1, 2017, nor is it meant to be indicative of future results of operations of the combined companies under the ownership and operation of the Company. (Amounts in thousands, except per share amounts) September 30, 2019 September 30, 2018 Net sales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Income from continuing operations attributable to TD Group . . . . . . . . . . . Net earnings per share attributable to TD Group stockholders from $5,860,561 $ 847,055 $5,291,760 $ 551,211 continuing operations—basic and diluted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 13.08 $ 8.90 Fiscal Year Ended Skandia—On July 13, 2018, the Company acquired all of the outstanding stock of Skandia for a total purchase price of approximately $84.3 million, which is net of a $0.2 million working capital settlement paid in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2018. Skandia provides highly engineered seating foam, foam fabrication, F-10 flammability testing and acoustic solutions for the business jet market. Skandia is included as a product line within an existing reporting unit in TransDigm’s Airframe segment. No goodwill recognized for the acquisition is deductible for tax purposes. Extant—On April 24, 2018, the Company acquired all of the outstanding stock of Extant for a total purchase price of approximately $533.1 million in cash, which is net of a $0.2 million working capital settlement received in the third quarter of fiscal 2018. Extant provides a broad range of proprietary aftermarket products and repair and overhaul services to the aerospace and defense end markets. Extant is included in TransDigm’s Power and Control segment. Prior to the Company’s acquisition of Extant, Extant was owned by an equity fund sponsored by Warburg Pincus LLC. Michael Graff, a director of TransDigm, is a managing director of Warburg Pincus LLC and was chairman of the board of Extant. Robert Henderson, Vice Chairman of TransDigm, was also on the board of Extant and owned less than 2% of Extant on a fully diluted basis. In addition, Mr. Graff, Mr. W. Nicholas Howley, TransDigm’s Executive Chairman, Mr. Douglas Peacock, then a director of TransDigm and now a retired director emeritus, and Mr. David Barr, a director of TransDigm, each had minority interests of less than 1% in the Warburg Pincus LLC fund that owned Extant. The total purchase price of Extant was allocated to the underlying assets acquired and liabilities assumed based upon the fair values at the date of acquisition. To the extent the purchase price exceeded the fair value of the net identifiable tangible and intangible assets acquired, such excess was allocated to goodwill. The following table summarizes the purchase price allocation of the fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the transaction date (presented in thousands). Assets acquired: Current assets, excluding cash acquired . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Property, plant, and equipment Intangible assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Goodwill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total assets acquired . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Liabilities assumed: Current liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other noncurrent liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total liabilities assumed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 53,325 4,103 105,000 407,046 569,474 9,876 26,453 36,329 Net assets acquired . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $533,145 Approximately $62.5 million of the $105.0 million other intangible assets recognized for the acquisition is deductible for tax purposes over 15 years. Of the $407.0 million of goodwill recognized for the acquisition, approximately $12.4 million is deductible for tax purposes. Extant Acquisitions—On August 30, 2019, the Company’s Extant subsidiary completed the acquisition of substantially all of the assets and technical data rights of the Stormscope product line from L3Harris Technologies, Inc. for approximately $20 million in cash. Stormscope is a lightning detection system for the general aviation market. Stormscope is included as a product line of Extant, which is included in TransDigm’s Power and Control segment. The Company expects that approximately $11.1 million of goodwill recognized for the acquisition and approximately $7.5 million of other intangible assets recognized for the acquisition will be deductible for tax purposes over 15 years. On October 1, 2018, the Company’s Extant subsidiary completed the acquisition of substantially all of the assets and technical data rights of the Corona, California operations of NavCom for approximately $27 million in F-11 cash. NavCom develops, manufactures, and supports high-reliability, mission-critical electronics, avionics and sub-assemblies. NavCom is included as a product line of Extant, which is included in TransDigm’s Power and Control segment. Approximately $9.0 million of goodwill recognized for the acquisition is deductible for tax purposes over 15 years. Kirkhill—On March 15, 2018, the Company acquired the assets and certain liabilities of the Kirkhill elastomers business from Esterline Technologies for a total purchase price of approximately $49.3 million, which is net of a $0.6 million working capital settlement received in the third quarter of fiscal 2018. Kirkhill, headquartered in Brea, California, is a leading supplier of highly engineered aerospace elastomers. Kirkhill’s products are primarily proprietary, sole source with significant aftermarket content and used in a broad variety of most major commercial transport and military platforms. Kirkhill is included in TransDigm’s Airframe segment. No goodwill recognized for the acquisition is deductible for tax purposes. Third Quarter Fiscal 2017 Acquisitions—The Company completed three product line acquisitions within the third quarter of fiscal 2017. The third quarter fiscal 2017 acquisitions were acquired for an aggregate purchase price of approximately $106.7 million in cash, which includes working capital settlements totaling $1.0 million paid in the third and fourth quarters of fiscal 2017 and an earn-out of $0.4 million paid in the second quarter of fiscal 2018. All three product lines consist primarily of proprietary, sole source products with significant aftermarket content. The products include highly engineered aerospace controls, quick disconnect couplings, and communication electronics. Each product line acquired was consolidated into an existing TransDigm reporting unit within TransDigm’s Power & Control segment. Approximately $66.0 million of goodwill recognized for the acquisitions is deductible for tax purposes over 15 years and approximately $9.0 million of goodwill recognized for the acquisitions is not deductible for tax purposes. Divestitures Souriau-Sunbank Companies—On July 21, 2019, TransDigm entered into a binding offer (the “Put Agreement”) with Eaton Corporation plc (“Eaton”) for the acquisition by Eaton of the shares of Souriau SAS, Souriau USA Inc. and Sunbank Family of Companies LLC which comprise the Souriau-Sunbank Connection Technologies business (“Souriau-Sunbank”). Pursuant to the terms of the Put Agreement, after completion of the consultation process with the French works council, TransDigm has the right to require Eaton to enter into a securities purchase agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) providing for the purchase by Eaton from TransDigm of the shares of Souriau-Sunbank. The Purchase Agreement was entered into by the parties on October 28, 2019. Pursuant to the terms of the Purchase Agreement, Eaton will purchase the shares of the Souriau-Sunbank for a cash purchase price of approximately $920 million. The transaction is subject to execution and delivery of the Purchase Agreement and other definitive agreements, the satisfaction or waiver of customary closing conditions and receipt of required regulatory approvals, all of which have been received other than the French foreign investment approval. The parties expect to complete the transaction during the first quarter of fiscal 2020. Souriau-Sunbank is classified as held-for-sale as of September 30, 2019. The results of operations of Souriau-Sunbank are presented in discontinued operations in the accompanying consolidated financial statements for all periods presented since the date acquired (refer to Note 23, “Discontinued Operations”). Esterline Interface Technology Group—On September 20, 2019, TransDigm completed the divestiture of its Esterline Interface Technology (“EIT”) group of businesses to an affiliate of KPS Capital Partners, LP for approximately $190 million. EIT was acquired by TransDigm as part of its acquisition of Esterline in March 2019. The results of operations of EIT are presented in discontinued operations in the accompanying consolidated financial statements for all periods presented since the date acquired (refer to Note 23, “Discontinued Operations”). Schroth—On February 22, 2017, the Company acquired all of the outstanding stock of Schroth Safety Products GmbH and certain aviation and defense assets and liabilities from subsidiaries of Takata Corporation F-12 (collectively, “Schroth”), for a total purchase price of approximately $89.7 million, of which consisted primarily of $79.7 million paid in cash during fiscal 2017 and an approximately $9.0 million indemnity holdback, of which $8.5 million was paid in April 2018 and $0.5 million remains a reserve as of September 30, 2019. In connection with the settlement of a Department of Justice investigation into the competitive effects of the acquisition, during the fourth quarter of 2017, the Company committed to divest of the Schroth business. Therefore, Schroth was classified as held-for-sale beginning in the fourth quarter of 2017. The results of operations of Schroth are presented in discontinued operations in the accompanying consolidated financial statements for all periods presented. On January 26, 2018, the Company completed the sale of Schroth in a management buyout to a private equity fund and certain members of Schroth management for approximately $61.4 million, which includes a working capital adjustment of $0.3 million that was paid in July 2018. Further disclosure related to Schroth’s discontinued operations is included in Note 23, “Discontinued Operations.” 3. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES Basis of Presentation and Consolidation—The accompanying consolidated financial statements were prepared in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“GAAP”) and include the accounts of TD Group and subsidiaries. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated. Certain reclassifications have been made to the prior year consolidated financial statements to conform to current year classifications related to the adoption of ASU 2017-07, “Compensation—Retirement Benefits (ASC 715), impacting the presentation of the net periodic benefit cost in the consolidated statements of income. The accounting pronouncement and impact of the fiscal year 2019 adoption of the pronouncement on the consolidated financial statements is summarized in Note 4, “Recent Accounting Pronouncements.” The Esterline businesses were acquired during the second quarter of fiscal 2019 and preliminarily assessed as a separate segment of the Company. During the third quarter of fiscal 2019, the Esterline businesses were integrated into TransDigm’s existing Power & Control, Airframe and Non-aviation segments. For financial information about our segments, see Note 17, “Segments.” Revenue Recognition—The Company adopted Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers,” in the first quarter of fiscal 2019 using the modified retrospective method. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on our consolidated results of operations, financial position or cash flows. The results for periods before fiscal 2019 were not restated for the new standard and the cumulative effect of the change in accounting was recognized through retained earnings at the date of adoption. Refer to Note 5, “Revenue Recognition,” for additional disclosures relating to ASC 606. Revenue is recognized from the sale of products when control transfers to the customer, which is demonstrated by our right to payment, a transfer of title, a transfer of the risk and rewards of ownership, or the customer acceptance, but most frequently upon shipment where the customer obtains physical possession of the goods. The majority of the Company’s revenue is recorded at a point in time. Sales recognized over time are generally accounted for using an input measure to determine progress completed at the end of the period. Sales for service contracts generally are recognized as the services are provided. For agreements with multiple performance obligations, judgment is required to determine whether performance obligations specified in these agreements are distinct and should be accounted for as separate revenue transactions for recognition purposes. Shipping and Handling Costs—Shipping and handling costs are included in cost of sales in the consolidated statements of income. Research and Development Costs—The Company expenses research and development costs as incurred and classifies such amounts in selling and administrative expenses. The expense recognized for research and development costs for the fiscal years ended September 30, 2019, 2018 and 2017 was approximately $116.8 million, $73.8 million, and $73.8 million, respectively. F-13 Cash Equivalents—The Company considers all highly liquid investments with a maturity of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents. Allowance for Uncollectible Accounts—The Company reserves for amounts determined to be uncollectible based on specific identification of losses and estimated losses based on historical experience. The allowance also incorporates a provision for the estimated impact of disputes with customers. The determination of the amount of the allowance for uncollectible accounts is subject to significant levels of judgment and estimation by management. If circumstances change or economic conditions deteriorate or improve, the allowance for uncollectible accounts could increase or decrease. Inventories—Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost of inventories is generally determined by the average cost and the first-in, first-out (FIFO) methods and includes material, labor and overhead related to the manufacturing process. Provision for potentially obsolete or slow-moving inventory is made based on management’s analysis of inventory levels and future sales forecasts. Property, Plant and Equipment—Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost and include improvements which significantly increase capacities or extend the useful lives of existing plant and equipment. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the following estimated useful lives: land improvements from 10 to 20 years, buildings and improvements from 5 to 30 years, machinery and equipment from 2 to 10 years and furniture and fixtures from 3 to 10 years. Net gains or losses related to asset dispositions are recognized in earnings in the period in which dispositions occur. Routine maintenance, repairs and replacements are expensed as incurred. Amortization expense of assets accounted for as capital leases is included with depreciation expense. Property, plant and equipment is assessed for potential impairment whenever indicators of impairment are present by determining whether the carrying value of the property can be recovered through projected, undiscounted cash flows from future operations over the property’s remaining estimated useful life. Any impairment recognized is the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the fair value of the asset. Fair value is measured based on quoted market prices in active markets, if available. If quoted market prices are not available, the estimate of fair value is based on various valuation techniques, including the discounted value of estimated future cash flows. Debt Issuance Costs, Premiums and Discounts—The cost of obtaining financing as well as premiums and discounts are amortized using the effective interest method over the terms of the respective obligations as a component of interest expense within the consolidated statements of income. Debt issuance costs are presented in the consolidated balance sheets as a direct reduction from the carrying amount of the related debt liabilities. Financial Instruments—Interest rate swap and cap agreements are used to manage interest rate risk associated with floating-rate borrowings under our credit facility. The interest rate swap and cap agreements utilized by the Company effectively modify the Company’s exposure to interest rate risk by converting a portion of the Company’s floating-rate debt to a fixed rate basis through the expiration date of the interest rate swap and cap agreements, thereby reducing the impact of interest rate changes on future interest expense. These agreements involve the receipt of floating rate amounts in exchange for fixed rate interest payments over the term of the agreements without an exchange of the underlying principal amount. These derivative instruments qualify as effective cash flow hedges under GAAP. The Company transacts business in various foreign currencies, which subjects the Company’s cash flows and earnings to exposure related to changes in foreign currency exchange rates. These exposures arise primarily from purchases or sales of products and services from third parties. Foreign currency forward exchange contracts provide for the purchase or sale of foreign currencies at specified future dates at specified exchange rates, and are used to offset changes in the fair value of certain assets or liabilities or forecasted cash flows resulting from transactions denominated in foreign currencies. F-14 For the interest rate swap and cap agreements and the foreign currency forward contracts designated as cash flow hedges, the effective portion of the gain or loss from the financial instruments was initially reported as a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss in stockholders’ deficit and subsequently reclassified into earnings in the same line as the hedged item in the same period or periods during which the hedged item affected earnings. As the interest rate swap and cap agreements are used to manage interest rate risk, any gains or losses from the derivative instruments that are reclassified into earnings are recognized in interest expense—net in the consolidated statements of income. As the foreign currency forward exchange contracts are used to manage foreign currency exposure primarily arising from purchases or sales from third parties, any gains or losses from the derivative instruments that are reclassified into earnings are recognized in cost of sales or selling and administrative expenses in the consolidated statements of income. Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets—In accordance with ASC 805, “Business Combinations,” the Company uses the acquisition method of accounting to allocate costs of acquired businesses to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair values at the dates of acquisition. The excess costs of acquired businesses over the fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed were recognized as goodwill. The valuations of the acquired assets and liabilities assumed will impact the determination of future operating results. Determining the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed requires management’s judgment and often involves the use of significant estimates and assumptions, including assumptions with respect to future cash inflows and outflows, revenue growth rates, discount rates, customer attrition rates, royalty rates, asset lives and market multiples, among other items. We determine the fair values of intangible assets acquired generally in consultation with third-party valuation advisors. Fair value adjustments to the Company’s assets and liabilities are recognized and the results of operations of the acquired business are included in our consolidated financial statements from the effective date of the merger or acquisition. Intangible assets other than goodwill are recognized if the benefit of the intangible asset is obtained through contractual or other legal rights, or if the intangible asset can be sold, transferred, licensed or exchanged, regardless of the Company’s intent to do so. Goodwill is the excess of the purchase price paid over the estimated fair value of the net assets of a business acquired. Other intangible assets consist of identifiable intangibles acquired or recognized in accounting for the acquisitions (trademarks, trade names, technology, customer relationships, order backlog and other intangible assets). Goodwill and intangible assets that have indefinite useful lives (i.e., trademarks and trade names) are subject to annual impairment testing. Management determines fair value using a discounted future cash flow analysis or other accepted valuation techniques. The Company performs an annual impairment test for goodwill and other intangible assets as of the first day of the fourth fiscal quarter of each year, or more frequently, if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce fair value below current value. At the time of goodwill impairment testing, the Company first assesses qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, and whether it is therefore necessary to perform the quantitative goodwill impairment test. The quantitative goodwill impairment test consists of two steps. The first step of the goodwill impairment test, used to identify potential impairment, compares the fair value of a reporting unit (as defined) with its carrying amount, including goodwill. If the fair value of the reporting unit exceeds its carrying amount, goodwill is not considered impaired, and the second step of the goodwill impairment test is unnecessary. The second step measures the amount of impairment, if any, by comparing the carrying value of the goodwill associated with a reporting unit to the implied fair value of the goodwill derived from the estimated overall fair value of the reporting unit and the individual fair values of the other assets and liabilities of the reporting unit. GAAP requires that the annual, and any interim, impairment assessment be performed at the reporting unit level. The reporting unit level is one level below an operating segment. Substantially all goodwill was determined and recognized for each reporting unit pursuant to the accounting for the merger or acquisition as of the date of each transaction. With respect to acquisitions integrated into an existing reporting unit, any acquired goodwill is combined with the goodwill of the reporting unit. F-15 The impairment test for indefinite lived intangible assets consists of a comparison between their fair values and carrying values. If the carrying amounts of intangible assets that have indefinite useful lives exceed their fair values, an impairment loss will be recognized in an amount equal to the sum of any such excesses. The Company assesses the recoverability of its amortizable intangible assets only when indicators of impairment are present by determining whether the amortization over their remaining lives can be recovered through projected, undiscounted cash flows from future operations. Amortization of amortizable intangible assets is computed using the straight-line method over the following estimated useful lives: technology from 20 to 22 years, order backlog from 1 year to 1.5 years, customer relationships over 20 years and other intangible assets over 20 years. Stock-Based Compensation—The Company records stock-based compensation expense using the Black- Scholes pricing model based on certain valuation assumptions. Compensation expense is recorded over the vesting periods of the stock options. The Company has classified stock-based compensation primarily within selling and administrative expenses to correspond with the classification of employees that receive stock option grants. No expense is recognized for any stock options ultimately forfeited because the recipients fail to meet vesting requirements. Income Taxes—The provision for income taxes is calculated using the asset and liability method. Under the asset and liability method, deferred income taxes are recognized for the tax effect of temporary differences between the financial statement carrying amount of assets and liabilities and the amounts used for income tax purposes and for certain changes in valuation allowances. Valuation allowances are recorded to reduce certain deferred tax assets when, in our estimation, it is more likely than not that a tax benefit will not be realized. Contingencies—During the ordinary course of business, the Company is from time to time threatened with, or may become a party to, legal actions and other proceedings. While the Company is currently involved in certain legal proceedings, it believes the results of these proceedings will not have a material adverse effect on its financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows. Estimates—The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Comprehensive Income (Loss)—The term “comprehensive income (loss)” represents the change in stockholders’ equity (deficit) from transactions and other events and circumstances resulting from non-stockholder sources. The Company’s accumulated other comprehensive income or loss, consisting principally of fair value adjustments to its interest rate swap and cap agreements (net of tax), cumulative foreign currency translation adjustments and pension liability adjustments (net of tax), is reported separately in the accompanying consolidated statements of comprehensive income. Foreign Currency Translation and Transactions—The assets and liabilities of subsidiaries located outside the United States are translated into U.S. dollars at the rates of exchange in effect at the balance sheet dates. Revenue and expense items are translated at the average monthly exchange rates prevailing during the period. Gains and losses resulting from foreign currency transactions are recognized currently in income, and those resulting from translation of financial statements are accumulated as a separate component of other comprehensive income (loss) for the period. Foreign currency gains or losses recognized currently in income from changes in exchange rates were immaterial to our results of operations. Earnings per Share—Earnings per share information is determined using the two-class method, which includes the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period and other securities that participate in dividends (“participating securities”). Our vested stock options are considered “participating F-16 securities” because they include non-forfeitable rights to dividends. In applying the two-class method, earnings are allocated to both common stock shares and participating securities based on their respective weighted- average shares outstanding for the period. Diluted earnings per share information may include the additional effect of other securities, if dilutive, in which case the dilutive effect of such securities is calculated using the treasury stock method. Contingently issuable shares are not included in earnings per share until the period in which the contingency is satisfied; therefore, basic and diluted earnings per share are the same. Pension Benefits—The Company accounts for pension expense using the end of the fiscal year as our measurement date. Management selects appropriate assumptions including the discount rate, rate of increase in future compensation levels and assumed long-term rate of return on plan assets. The assumptions are based upon historical results, the current economic environment and reasonable expectations of future events. Actual results which vary from our assumptions are accumulated and amortized over future periods, and accordingly, are recognized in expense in these periods. Significant differences between the assumptions and actual experience or significant changes in assumptions could impact the pension costs and the pension obligation. 4. RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS In May 2014, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2014-09, which created a new topic in the Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers.” In addition to superseding and replacing nearly all existing U.S. GAAP revenue recognition guidance, including industry- specific guidance, ASC 606 requires an entity to recognize revenue in a manner that depicts the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The standard also specifies the accounting of some costs to obtain or fulfill a contract with a customer and expands the disclosure requirements around contracts with customers. The Company adopted this standard in the first quarter of 2019 using the modified retrospective method. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on our consolidated results of operations, financial position or cash flows. The results for periods before fiscal 2019 were not restated for the new standard and the cumulative effect of the change in accounting was recognized through retained earnings at the date of adoption. Refer to Note 5, “Revenue Recognition,” for additional disclosures relating to ASC 606. In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, “Leases (ASC 842),” which requires lessees to recognize a right-of-use asset and lease liability for all leases with a term of more than 12 months. ASU 2016-02 is effective for us on October 1, 2019, and requires a modified retrospective application. In July 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-11, “Leases (ASC 842) Targeted Improvements,” which provides an additional transition method that allows entities to initially apply the new standard at the adoption date and recognize a cumulative effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings in the period of adoption without restating prior periods. We plan to utilize this transition method upon adoption, and as a result, we will not adjust comparative period financial information or make the new required lease disclosures for periods before the effective date. Our preparation for the adoption of ASC 842 is substantially complete. We have compiled an inventory of our lease agreements in order to determine the impact the new guidance will have on our financial statements and disclosures and have implemented new lease accounting software in preparation for the standard’s additional reporting requirements. We have elected certain practical expedients available under the guidance, including a package of practical expedients which allows us to not reassess prior conclusions related to contracts containing leases, lease classification, and initial direct costs. Based on our assessment to date, we expect that the adoption of ASC 842 will result in the recognition of right-of-use assets and corresponding lease liabilities of approximately 1% of total assets and liabilities, respectively, in our consolidated balance sheet as of October 1, 2019. We do not expect the new standard to have a material impact on our consolidated results of operations and cash flows. In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, “Financial Instruments—Credit Losses: Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments (ASU 2016-13),” which changes the impairment model for most financial assets. The new model uses a forward-looking expected loss method, which will generally result in earlier F-17 recognition of allowances for losses. ASU 2016-13 is effective for the Company for annual and interim periods beginning after October 1, 2020 and early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting this standard on our consolidated financial statements and disclosures. In October 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-16, “Intra-Entity Transfers of Assets Other Than Inventory” (ASU 2016-16). This accounting standard requires companies to recognize the income tax effects of intercompany sales and transfers of assets, other than inventory, in the period in which the transfer occurs. Under previous guidance companies were required to defer the income tax effects of intercompany transfers of assets by recording prepaid taxes, until such assets were sold to an outside party or otherwise recognized. Current guidance requires companies to write off any income tax amounts previously deferred as prepaid taxes from past intercompany transactions, and to record deferred tax balances for amounts not previously recognized, through a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings. ASU 2016-16 is effective for public business entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those years. The Company adopted this standard in the first quarter of fiscal 2019. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements. Refer to the consolidated statements of stockholders’ deficit for the impact of the adoption of ASU 2016-16 on retained earnings. In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, “Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment,” to eliminate Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test in order to simplify the subsequent measurement of goodwill. The guidance is effective for the Company for fiscal years beginning after October 1, 2020, with early adoption permitted. The adoption of this standard is not expected to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements and disclosures. In March 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-07, “Compensation—Retirement Benefits (ASC 715): Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost,” that changes how employers that sponsor defined benefit and/or other postretirement benefit plans present the net periodic benefit cost in the income statement. Under previous guidance, companies included all components of the net periodic benefit costs in the same lines as the service cost component. Current guidance requires employers to present the other components of the net periodic benefit costs separately from the line items that include the service cost and outside of any subtotal of operating income. In addition, only the service cost component will be eligible for capitalization in assets. Employers will have to disclose the lines used to present the other components of net periodic benefit cost, if the components are not presented separately in the income statement. The standard is effective for public business entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within the fiscal year. The Company adopted this standard in the first quarter of fiscal 2019. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements. In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-09, “Compensation—Stock Compensation (ASC 718): Scope of Modification Accounting,” which provides clarity on which changes to the terms or conditions of share-based payment awards require an entity to apply the modification accounting provisions required in ASC 718. The standard is effective for all entities for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, with early adoption permitted, including adoption in any interim period for which financial statements have not yet been issued. The Company adopted this standard in the first quarter of fiscal 2019. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements. In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-02, “Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income (ASC 220): Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income,” which gives entities the option to reclassify tax effects stranded in accumulated other comprehensive income as a result of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Act”) into retained earnings. The guidance allows entities to reclassify from accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings stranded tax effects resulting from the Act’s new federal corporate income tax rate. The guidance also allows entities to elect to reclassify other stranded tax effects that relate to the Act but do not directly relate to the change in the federal tax rate (e.g., state taxes, changing from a worldwide tax system to a territorial system). Tax effects that are stranded in accumulated other F-18 comprehensive income for other reasons (e.g., prior changes in tax law, a change in valuation allowance) may not be reclassified. The standard is effective for the Company for fiscal years beginning after October 1, 2019, and interim periods within the fiscal year. Early adoption is permitted, including adoption in any interim period for which financial statements have not yet been issued. Entities have the option to apply the guidance retrospectively or in the period of adoption. As early adoption is permissible, the Company adopted the pronouncement beginning October 1, 2018. Changes were applied in the period of adoption and prior periods were not adjusted. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements. In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-14, “Compensation—Retirement Benefits—Defined Benefit Plans—General (ASC 715-20).” ASU 2018-14 modifies disclosure requirements for employers that sponsor defined benefit pension or other postretirement plans. The ASU also requires an entity to disclose the weighted- average interest crediting rates for cash balance plans and to explain the reasons for significant gains and losses related to changes in the benefit obligation. The ASU is effective for the Company on October 1, 2020 and early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting this standard on our consolidated financial statements and disclosures. 5. REVENUE RECOGNITION The Company’s sales are concentrated in the aerospace industry. TransDigm’s customers include: distributors of aerospace components; commercial airlines, large commercial transport and regional and business aircraft OEMs; various armed forces of the United States and friendly foreign governments; defense OEMs; system suppliers; and various other industrial customers. In 2019, one customer accounted for approximately 11% of the Company’s net sales for the fiscal year ended 2019. Sales to this customer was split approximately 60% and 40% between the Airframe and Power & Control segments, respectively. No other customer individually accounted for more than 10% of the Company’s net sales. In 2018 and 2017, two customers individually accounted for more than 10% of the Company’s net sales. One customer accounted for approximately 11% and 13% of the Company’s net sales for fiscal years ended 2018 and 2017, respectively. The second customer accounted for approximately 10% and 11% of the Company’s net sales for fiscal years ended 2018 and 2017, respectively. Sales to these customers were split approximately evenly between the Power & Control and Airframe segments. Sales to foreign customers, primarily in Western Europe, Canada and Asia, were $1,778.4 million, $1,355.1 million and $1,318.9 million during the fiscal years ended 2019, 2018 and 2017. Adoption of ASC 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” The Company adopted ASC 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers,” beginning October 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective method. The new standard primarily impacted the Company’s timing of revenue recognition for certain contracts and subcontracts with the U.S. government that contain termination for convenience clauses and for which the product being produced has no alternative use, and resulted in an increase to retained earnings of $3.3 million. The comparative information has not been restated and continues to be reported under the accounting standards in effect for those periods. F-19 The cumulative effect of the changes made to our consolidated balance sheet as of October 1, 2018 for the adoption of ASC 606 were as follows (in thousands): September 30, 2018 Adjustments due to ASC 606 October 1, 2018 Assets Unbilled receivables(1) Inventories—Net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 10,056 805,292 $ 8,272 (3,977) $ 18,328 801,315 Liabilities and Stockholders’ Deficit Deferred income taxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Accumulated deficit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 399,496 (2,246,578) $ 1,011 3,284 $ 400,507 (2,243,294) (1) Included in prepaid expenses and other on the consolidated balance sheet. Revenue is recognized from the sale of products when control transfers to the customer, which is demonstrated by our right to payment, a transfer of title, a transfer of the risk and rewards of ownership, or the customer acceptance, but most frequently upon shipment where the customer obtains physical possession of the goods. The majority of the Company’s revenue is recorded at a point in time. In certain contracts the Company found that under ASC 606, control transferred to the customer over time primarily in contracts where the customer is required to pay for the cost of both the finished and unfinished goods at the time of cancellation plus a reasonable profit relative to the work performed for products that were customized for the customer. Upon adoption of ASC 606, we recognize revenue over time for those agreements that have a right to margin and where the products being produced have no alternative use. Prior to the adoption date, revenue related to these agreements was recognized when the goods were shipped; as a result of the adoption of ASC 606, a portion of our revenue may be earned in periods earlier than it would have been in prior years. The cumulative adjustment to retained earnings upon adoption, which is presented in the table above, represents those earnings that would have been recognized in the previous year had ASC 606 been in effect during that time. Based on our production cycle, it is generally expected that goods related to the revenue represented in that adjustment will be shipped and billed within the current year. For revenue recognized over time, we estimate the amount of revenue attributable to a contract earned at a given point during the production cycle based on certain costs, such as materials and labor incurred to date, plus the expected profit, which is a cost-to-cost input method. The Company’s payment terms vary by the type and location of the customer and the products or services offered. The Company does not offer any payment terms that would meet the requirements for consideration as a significant financing component under ASC 606. Shipping and handling fees and costs incurred in connection with products sold are recorded in cost of sales in the consolidated statements of income, and are not considered a performance obligation to our customers. F-20 Contract Assets and Liabilities—Contract assets reflect revenue recognized and performance obligations satisfied in advance of customer billing or reimbursable costs related to a specific contract. Contract liabilities relate to payments received in advance of the satisfaction of performance under the contract. We receive payments from customers based on the terms established in our contracts. The following table summarizes our contract assets and liabilities balances (in thousands): September 30, 2019 October 1, 2018 Change Contract assets, current(1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Contract assets, non-current(2) Total contract assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Contract liabilities, current(3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Contract liabilities, non-current(4) Total contract liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $44,097 7,238 51,335 17,840 13,234 31,074 $18,328 118 18,446 2,742 — 2,742 $25,769 7,120 32,889 15,098 13,234 28,332 Net contract assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $20,261 $15,704 $ 4,557 (1) (2) (3) (4) Included in prepaid expenses and other on the consolidated balance sheet. Included in other non-current assets on the consolidated balance sheet. Included in accrued liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet. Included in other non-current liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet. Changes in the contract asset and liability balances during the fiscal year ended September 30, 2019 were not materially impacted by any factors other than the Esterline acquisition. For the fiscal year ended September 30, 2019, the revenue recognized that was previously included in the beginning balance of contract liabilities was immaterial. Refer to Note 17, “Segments,” for disclosures related to the disaggregation of revenue. F-21 6. EARNINGS PER SHARE The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share (in thousands, except per share data) using the two-class method: Fiscal Years Ended September 30, 2017 2018 2019 Numerator for earnings per share: Income from continuing operations including noncontrolling interests . . . . . Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 840,879 (1,541) $961,536 — $ 628,541 — Net income from continuing operations attributable to TD Group . . . . . . . . . Less dividends paid on participating securities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 839,338 (111,021) Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 728,317 50,432 961,536 (56,148) 905,388 (4,474) 628,541 (159,257) 469,284 (31,654) Net income applicable to TD Group common stock—basic and diluted . . . . $ 778,749 $900,914 $ 437,630 Denominator for basic and diluted earnings per share under the two-class method: Weighted-average common shares outstanding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vested options deemed participating securities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total shares for basic and diluted earnings per share . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Net earnings per share from continuing operations—basic and diluted . . . . . Net earnings (loss) per share from discontinued operations—basic and 53,091 3,174 56,265 52,345 3,252 55,597 52,517 3,013 55,530 $ 12.94 $ 16.28 $ 8.45 diluted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.90 (0.08) (0.57) Net earnings per share . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 13.84 $ 16.20 $ 7.88 7. TRADE ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE Trade accounts receivable consist of the following (in thousands): Trade accounts receivable—gross . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Allowance for uncollectible accounts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $1,085,005 (17,402) Trade accounts receivable—net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $1,067,603 $708,984 (4,674) $704,310 September 30, 2019 September 30, 2018 At September 30, 2019, approximately 20% of the Company’s trade accounts receivable was due from two customers. One customer accounted for approximately 13% percent of the Company’s trade accounts receivable and the other customer accounted for approximately 7% of the Company’s trade accounts receivable. In addition, approximately 36% of the Company’s trade accounts receivable was due from entities that operate principally outside of the United States. Credit is extended based on an evaluation of each customer’s financial condition and collateral is generally not required. F-22 8. INVENTORIES Inventories consist of the following (in thousands): September 30, 2019 September 30, 2018 Raw materials and purchased component parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . Work-in-progress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Finished goods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Reserves for excess and obsolete inventory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 804,687 360,230 191,535 1,356,452 (123,803) Inventories—Net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $1,232,649 $540,290 237,335 127,018 904,643 (99,351) $805,292 9. PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT Property, plant and equipment consist of the following (in thousands): September 30, 2019 September 30, 2018 Land and improvements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Buildings and improvements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Machinery, equipment and other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Construction in progress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Accumulated depreciation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 95,536 407,461 628,096 52,241 1,183,334 (426,577) $ 77,455 171,269 448,014 31,237 727,975 (339,642) Property, plant and equipment—net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 756,757 $ 388,333 10. INTANGIBLE ASSETS Other intangible assets—net in the consolidated balance sheets consist of the following at September 30 (in thousands): 2019 2018 Gross Carrying Amount Accumulated Amortization Net Gross Carrying Amount Accumulated Amortization Net Trademarks and trade names . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Technology . . . . . . . . . . . Order backlog . . . . . . . . . . Customer relationships . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other $ 956,377 1,805,715 106,889 437,973 16,707 $ — $ 956,377 1,309,404 62,286 408,196 7,557 496,311 44,603 29,777 9,150 $ 799,749 1,347,314 12,200 62,561 10,873 $ — $ 799,749 930,735 6,791 48,284 2,845 416,579 5,409 14,277 8,028 Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . $3,323,661 $579,841 $2,743,820 $2,232,697 $444,293 $1,788,404 Information regarding the amortization expense of amortizable intangible assets is detailed below (in thousands): Annual Amortization Expense: Years ended September 30, 2019 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2018 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2017 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $134,952 72,454 89,226 F-23 Estimated Amortization Expense: Years ending September 30, 2020 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2021 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2022 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2023 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2024 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $182,583 119,067 119,067 119,067 119,067 As disclosed in Note 2, “Acquisitions and Divestitures,” the estimated fair value of the net identifiable tangible and intangible assets acquired from Esterline are based on the acquisition method of accounting and are subject to adjustment upon completion of the third-party valuation appraisals. Material adjustments may occur. The fair value of the net identifiable tangible and intangible assets acquired will be finalized within the allowable one year measurement period. Intangible assets acquired during fiscal year ended September 30, 2019 are summarized in the table below (in thousands): Intangible assets not subject to amortization: Goodwill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trademarks and trade names . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Intangible assets subject to amortization: Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Order backlog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Customer relationships . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gross Amount Amortization Period $2,194,324 238,200 2,432,524 503,500 99,100 483,935 1,086,535 20 years 1.5 years 20 years 18 years Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $3,519,059 The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill by segment for the fiscal years ended September 30, 2018 and 2019 were as follows (in thousands): Balance at September 30, 2017 . . . . . . . . . . . . Goodwill acquired during the year Power & Control Airframe Non- aviation Total $3,269,981 $2,382,082 $ 93,275 $5,745,338 (Note 2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Purchase price allocation adjustments . . Currency translation adjustment . . . . . . . Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 402,540 5,354 — (192) 73,321 — (3,258) 187 — — — — 475,861 5,354 (3,258) (5) Balance at September 30, 2018 . . . . . . . . . . . . Goodwill acquired during the year 3,677,683 2,452,332 93,275 6,223,290 (Note 2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 468,613 1,179,999 545,712 2,194,324 Divestiture of goodwill acquired during the year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Reclassification of goodwill acquired to assets held-for-sale (Note 23) . . . . . . . Purchase price allocation adjustments . . Currency translation adjustment . . . . . . . — — (42,678) (42,678) — (8,690) (16,422) — (22,901) (11,695) (480,312) — (14,813) (480,312) (31,591) (42,930) Balance at September 30, 2019 . . . . . . . . . . . . $4,121,184 $3,597,735 $ 101,184 $7,820,103 F-24 11. ACCRUED LIABILITIES Accrued liabilities consist of the following (in thousands): September 30, 2019 September 30, 2018 Compensation and related benefits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Interest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Interest rate swap agreements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Product warranties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dividend equivalent payments—current (see Note 18) . . . . . . . Environmental and other litigation reserves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Income taxes payable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Loss contract reserves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $177,862 92,642 13,219 33,882 63,796 12,016 44,370 64,665 173,243 $675,695 $ 81,035 96,590 528 21,056 24,200 31,079 9,168 11,682 76,105 $351,443 12. DEBT The Company’s debt consists of the following (in thousands): September 30, 2019 Gross Amount Debt Issuance Costs Original Issue Discount or Premium Net Amount Short-term borrowings—trade receivable securitization facility . . . . $ 350,000 $ (481) $ — $ 349,519 Term loans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.00% senior subordinated notes due $ 7,523,507 $ (57,744) $(17,214) $ 7,448,549 July 15, 2022 (2022 Notes) . . . . . . . . 1,150,000 (4,061) 6.50% senior subordinated notes due July 15, 2024 (2024 Notes) . . . . . . . . 1,200,000 (5,690) — — 1,145,939 1,194,310 6.50% senior subordinated notes due May 15, 2025 (2025 Notes) . . . . . . . 750,000 (2,977) 3,090 750,113 6.375% senior subordinated notes due June 15, 2026 (6.375% 2026 Notes) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.875% senior subordinated notes due May 15, 2026 (6.875% 2026 Notes) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.25% secured notes due March 15, 950,000 (6,790) — 943,210 500,000 (5,532) (3,137) 491,331 2026 (2026 Secured Notes) . . . . . . . . 4,000,000 (59,630) 1,812 3,942,182 7.50% senior subordinated notes due March 15, 2027 (2027 Notes) . . . . . . Government refundable advances . . . . . Capital lease obligations . . . . . . . . . . . . Less current portion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 550,000 39,195 49,905 (5,300) — — — — — 544,700 39,195 49,905 16,712,607 80,951 (147,724) (738) (15,449) — 16,549,434 80,213 Long-term debt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $16,631,656 $(146,986) $(15,449) $16,469,221 F-25 September 30, 2018 Gross Amount Debt Issuance Costs Original Issue Discount or Premium Net Amount Short-term borrowings—trade receivable securitization facility . . . . $ 300,000 $ (481) $ — $ 299,519 Term loans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.50% 2020 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.00% 2022 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.50% 2024 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.50% 2025 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.375% 2026 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.875% 2026 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Less current portion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 7,599,932 550,000 1,150,000 1,200,000 750,000 950,000 500,000 12,699,932 76,427 $ (69,697) (2,187) (5,501) (6,866) (3,505) (7,798) (5,616) (101,170) (610) $(21,030) — — — 3,636 — (3,605) (20,999) — $ 7,509,205 547,813 1,144,499 1,193,134 750,131 942,202 490,779 12,577,763 75,817 Long-term debt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $12,623,505 $(100,560) $(20,999) $12,501,946 Trade Receivable Securitization Facility During fiscal 2014, the Company established a trade receivable securitization facility (the “Securitization Facility”). The Securitization Facility effectively increases the Company’s borrowing capacity depending on the amount of the domestic operations’ trade accounts receivable. The Securitization Facility includes the right for the Company to exercise annual one year extensions as long as there have been no termination events as defined by the agreement. The Company uses the proceeds from the Securitization Facility as an alternative to other forms of debt, effectively reducing borrowing costs. On July 30, 2019, the Company amended the Securitization Facility to extend the maturity date to July 31, 2020. As of September 30, 2019, the Company has borrowed $350 million under the Securitization Facility, which bears interest at a rate of 0.9% plus LIBOR. At September 30, 2019, the applicable interest rate was 2.94%. The Securitization Facility is collateralized by substantially all of the Company’s domestic operations’ trade accounts receivable. Issuance of Senior Secured Notes due 2026 On January 30, 2019, the Company entered into a purchase agreement in connection with a private offering of $3.8 billion aggregate principal amount of 6.25% senior secured notes due 2026. In addition, on February 1, 2019, the Company entered into a purchase agreement in connection with a private offering of $200 million aggregate principal amount of 6.25% senior secured notes due 2026 (herein the “2026 Secured Notes”). All $4.0 billion aggregate principal amount of the 2026 Secured Notes constituted a single class and were issued under a single indenture. The notes in the $3.8 billion secured notes offering were issued at a price of 100% of their principal amount and the notes in the $200 million secured notes offering were issued at a price of 101% of their principal amount. The 2026 Secured Notes are guaranteed, with certain exceptions, by TransDigm Group, TransDigm UK and all of TransDigm Inc.’s existing U.S. subsidiaries on a senior secured basis. The 2026 Secured Notes bear interest at a rate of 6.25% per annum, which accrues from February 13, 2019 and is payable semiannually in arrears on March 15th and September 15th of each year, commencing on September 15, 2019. The 2026 Secured Notes mature on March 15, 2026, unless earlier redeemed or repurchased, and are subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the Secured Notes Indenture. In addition to the premium of $2.0 million capitalized upon the issuance of the $200 million issuance of the 2026 Senior Notes, the Company capitalized $65.6 million and expensed $0.8 million of debt issuance costs associated with the issuance of the 2026 Senior Secured Notes during the fiscal year ended September 30, 2019. F-26 Issuance of Senior Subordinated Notes due 2027 On February 1, 2019, the Company entered into a purchase agreement in connection with a private offering of $550 million in new 7.50% senior subordinated notes due 2027 (herein the “2027 Notes”). The 2027 Notes were issued pursuant to an indenture, dated as of February 13, 2019, among TransDigm, as issuer, TD Group, TD UK and the other subsidiaries of TransDigm named therein, as guarantors, and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as trustee. The 2027 Notes bear interest at the rate of 7.50% per annum, which accrues from February 13, 2019 and is payable in arrears on March 15th and September 15th of each year, commencing on September 15, 2019. The 2027 Notes mature on March 15, 2027, unless earlier redeemed or repurchased, and are subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the indenture. The Company capitalized $5.8 million of debt issuance costs associated with the 2027 Notes during the fiscal year ended September 30, 2019. Repurchase of Senior Subordinated Notes due 2020 On February 13, 2019, the Company announced a cash tender offer for any and all of its 2020 Notes outstanding. On March 15, 2019, the Company redeemed the principal amount of $550 million, plus accrued interest of approximately $12.6 million. The Company wrote off $1.7 million in unamortized debt issuance costs during the fiscal year ended September 30, 2019 in conjunction with the redemption of the 2020 Notes. Amendment No. 6 to the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement On March 14, 2019, the Company entered into Amendment No. 6 to the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (herein, “Amendment No. 6”). Under the terms of Amendment No. 6, certain existing lenders increased the revolving commitments, including $52.1 million in multicurrency revolving commitments, in an aggregate principal amount of $160 million, to a total revolving commitments capacity of $760 million. The revolving commitments consist of two tranches which include up to $151.5 million of multicurrency revolving commitments. The terms and conditions that apply to the revolving credit facility, other than the additional revolving credit commitments, are substantially the same as the terms and conditions that applied to the revolving credit facility immediately prior to Amendment No. 6. At September 30, 2019, the Company had $41.5 million in letters of credit outstanding, and $718.5 million of borrowings available under the revolving commitments, subject to restrictions under existing debt covenants. The Company utilizes letters of credit to back certain payment and performance obligations. Government Refundable Advances Government refundable advances consist of payments received from the Canadian government to assist in research and development related to commercial aviation. The requirement to repay this advance is solely based on year-over-year commercial aviation revenue growth at CMC Electronics, which is a subsidiary of TransDigm (acquired via the Esterline acquisition). These obligations were assumed in connection with the Esterline acquisition and the balance was $39.2 million at September 30, 2019. Obligations under Capital Leases The Company leases certain buildings and equipment under capital leases. These obligations were assumed in connection with the Esterline acquisition and the present value of the minimum capital lease payments, net of the current portion, was a balance of $49.9 million at September 30, 2019. F-27 Term Loans As of September 30, 2019 and 2018, TransDigm had $7,523.5 million and $7,599.9 million in fully drawn term loans and $760 million and $600 million in revolving commitments. The term loans consist of three tranches as follows (in millions): Term Loan Facility Maturity Date Interest Rate LIBO rate + 2.5% Tranche E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . May 30, 2025 Tranche F . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . LIBO rate + 2.5% June 9, 2023 Tranche G . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . August 22, 2024 LIBO rate + 2.5% Aggregate Principal as of September 30, 2019 $2,221.2 $3,524.1 $1,778.2 2018 $2,243.7 $3,559.9 $1,796.3 The interest rates per annum applicable to all of the existing tranches of term loans are, at TransDigm’s option, equal to either an alternate base rate or an adjusted LIBO rate for one, two, three or six-month (or to the extent agreed to by each relevant lender, nine or twelve-month) interest periods chosen by TransDigm, in each case plus an applicable margin percentage. The adjusted LIBO rate is not subject to a floor. At September 30, 2019 and 2018, the applicable interest rates for all existing tranches were 4.83% and 4.58%, respectively. Debt Issuance Costs, Premiums and Discounts During the fiscal year ended September 30, 2019, the Company recorded refinancing costs of $3.0 million representing the repurchase of the $550 million 2020 Senior Subordinated Notes and issuance of the $4.0 billion 2026 Senior Secured Notes. During the fiscal year ended September 30, 2018, the Company recorded refinancing costs of $6.4 million representing the refinancing of tranche D, E, F & G term loans, and issuance of the $500 million 6.875% Senior Subordinated Notes. During the fiscal year ended September 30, 2017, the Company recorded refinancing costs of $39.8 million representing debt issuance costs and premium expensed in conjunction with the new tranche G term loans, the refinancing of the tranche C term loans, and additional $300 million tack-on to the 6.375% Notes. Interest Rate Swap and Cap Agreements See Note 21, “Derivatives and Hedging Activities,” for information about how our interest rate swap and cap agreements are used to manage interest rate risk associated with floating-rate borrowings under our credit facilities. Senior Subordinated Notes The Notes are subordinated to all of TransDigm’s existing and future senior debt, rank equally with all of its existing and future senior subordinated debt and rank senior to all of its future debt that is expressly subordinated to the Notes. The Notes are guaranteed on a senior subordinated unsecured basis by TD Group and its 100%- owned domestic subsidiaries named in the indentures. The guarantees of the Notes are subordinated to all of the guarantors’ existing and future senior debt, rank equally with all of their existing and future senior subordinated debt and rank senior to all of their future debt that is expressly subordinated to the guarantees of the Notes. See Note 27, “Supplemental Guarantor Information,” for further details. The Notes are structurally subordinated to all of the liabilities of TD Group’s non-guarantor subsidiaries. The Notes contain many of the restrictive covenants included in the Restated Credit Agreement. TransDigm is in compliance with all the covenants contained in the Notes. F-28 At September 30, 2019, future maturities of long-term debt are as follows (in thousands): Fiscal years ended September 30, 2020 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2021 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2022(1) 2023 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2024 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Thereafter $ 80,951 81,979 1,232,200 3,462,528 2,933,675 8,921,274 $16,712,607 (1) On October 29, 2019, the Company entered into a purchase agreement in connection with a private offering of $2.65 billion aggregate principal amount in 5.50% senior subordinated notes in which part of the proceeds will be used to repurchase its 2022 Notes in the first quarter of fiscal 2020. Refer to Note 26, “Subsequent Events” to our consolidated financial statements included herein for further details. Subsequent Event—Cash Tender and Redemption of 2022 Notes On October 29, 2019, the Company entered into a purchase agreement in connection with a private offering of $2.65 billion aggregate principal amount in 5.50% senior subordinated notes due November 15, 2027. The settlement of the debt financing transaction occurred on November 13, 2019. The notes were issued at a price of 100% of their principal amount. The Company will use a portion of the net proceeds from the offering of the notes to cash tender and redeem all of its outstanding (aggregate principal amount of $1.15 billion) 2022 Notes. 13. RETIREMENT PLANS The Company maintains certain non-contributory defined benefit pension plans. The plans provide benefits of stated amounts for each year of service. The Company’s funding policy is to contribute actuarially determined amounts allowable under tax and statutory regulations for the qualified plans. The Company uses a September 30th measurement date for its defined benefit pension plans. In addition, the Company makes actuarially computed contributions to these plans as necessary to adequately fund benefits. The Company’s funding policy is consistent with the minimum funding requirements of ERISA. As part of the Esterline acquisition, the Company acquired the Esterline defined benefit plan that covers certain U.S. employees. Refer to Note 2, “Acquisitions and Divestitures,” for further discussion of the Esterline acquisition. Under the Esterline defined benefit plan, pension benefits are earned under a cash balance formula with annual pay credits ranging from 2% to 6% effective January 1, 2003. Prior to 2003, pension benefits are based on years of service and five-year average compensation for the highest five consecutive years’ compensation during the last ten years of employment. Participants elected either to continue earning benefits under the prior plan formula or to earn benefits under the cash balance formula. Effective January 1, 2003, all new participants were enrolled in the cash balance formula. Additionally, as part of the Esterline acquisition, the Company acquired an unfunded supplemental retirement plan for key Esterline executives providing for periodic payments upon retirement. The Company also sponsors other retirement benefit plans for certain employees in the U.S. Other retirement benefit plans are non-contributory health care and life insurance plans. The Company sponsors a number of non-U.S. defined benefit pension plans primarily in Canada, Belgium, France, Germany and the United Kingdom. These defined benefit plans generally provide benefits to employees based on formulas recognizing length of service and earnings. The Company also sponsors other retirement benefit plans for its employees in Canada. Other retirement benefit plans are non-contributory health care and life insurance plans. The accumulated benefit obligation and projected benefit obligation for the U.S. plans are $365.6 million and $378.8 million, respectively, with plan assets of $317.9 million as of September 30, 2019. The underfunded F-29 status for the Company’s U.S. plans is $61.0 million at September 30, 2019, of which $22.1 million is for the acquired unfunded supplemental retirement plan for the former Esterline key executives. Contributions to the Company’s qualified and non-qualified U.S. plans totaled $1.4 million and $0.9 million, respectively, in fiscal 2019. Contributions to the Company’s qualified U.S. plans totaled $1.6 million in fiscal 2018. The Company had no unqualified U.S. plans in fiscal 2018. There is an expected funding requirement of $0.7 million for fiscal 2020 for the qualified U.S. pension plans maintained by the Company. The accumulated benefit obligation and projected benefit obligation for the non-U.S. plans are $258.2 million and $270.0 million, respectively, with plan assets of $233.6 million as of September 30, 2019. The underfunded status for these non-U.S. plans is $36.4 million at September 30, 2019. Contributions to the non-U.S. plans totaled $2.7 million and $1.0 million in fiscal 2019 and 2018, respectively. The expected funding requirement for fiscal 2020 for the non-U.S. plans is $5.3 million. Principal assumptions as of year end: Discount rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rate of increase in future compensation levels . . . . . . . . . . Assumed long-term rate of return on plan assets . . . . . . . . U.S. Defined Benefit Pension Plans Non-U.S. Defined Benefit Pension Plans 2019 2018 2019 2018 3.03% 4.48% 6.00% 3.96% N/A 6.50% 2.20% 2.98% 4.16% 2.68% 3.22% 4.3% U.S. Post-Retirement Pension Plans Non-U.S. Post Retirement Pension Plans 2019 2018 2019 2018 Principal assumptions as of year end: Discount rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Initial weighted average health care trend rate . . . . . . . . . Ultimate weighted average health care trend rate . . . . . . . 2.86% 7.46% 6.00% 3.99% 8.50% 6.00% 2.68% 5.60% 4.10% N/A N/A N/A The Company uses discount rates developed from a yield curve established from high-quality corporate bonds and matched to plan-specific projected benefit payments. Although future changes to the discount rate are unknown, had the discount rate increased or decreased by 25 basis points, pension liabilities in total would have decreased $19.2 million or increased $20.3 million, respectively. Had the discount rate increased or decreased by 25 basis points, fiscal 2019 net periodic benefit cost for the pension plans would have remained approximately the same or decreased $0.1 million, respectively. In determining the expected long-term rate of return on the defined benefit pension plans’ assets, the Company considers the historical rates of return, the nature of investments, the asset allocation, and expectations of future investment strategies. Had the expected return on assets increased or decreased by 25 basis points, fiscal 2019 net periodic benefit cost would have decreased $0.8 million or increased $0.8 million, respectively. Management is not aware of any legislative or other initiatives or circumstances that will significantly impact the Company’s pension obligations in fiscal 2020. The Company’s health care trend rate was based on the experience of its plans and expectations for the future. A 100 basis points increase in the health care trend rate would increase the post-retirement benefit obligation by $1.5 million. A 100 basis points decrease in the health care trend rate would decrease the post- retirement benefit obligation by $1.3 million. Assuming all other assumptions are held constant, the estimated effect on fiscal 2019 post-retirement benefit expense from a hypothetical 100 basis points increase or decrease in the health care trend rate would not have a material effect on our post-retirement benefit expense. Plan assets are invested in a diversified portfolio of equity and debt securities consisting primarily of common stocks, bonds and government securities. The objective of these investments is to maintain sufficient liquidity to fund current benefit payments and achieve targeted risk-adjusted returns. Management periodically reviews allocations of plan assets by investment type and evaluates external sources of information regarding the long-term historical returns and expected future returns for each investment type. F-30 Allocations by investment type are as follows: Plan assets allocation as of fiscal year end: Equity securities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Debt securities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cash . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 - 70% 30 - 65% — % Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35.1% 27.1% 59.5% 72.5% 0.4% 5.4% 100.0% 100.0% Actual Target 2019 2018 The following table presents the fair value of the Company’s pension plan assets as of September 30, 2019, by asset category segregated by level within the fair value hierarchy, as described in Note 20, “Fair Value Measurements” (in thousands): Fair Value Hierarchy Level 1 Level 2 Total Investments measured at fair value by category: Equity Funds:(1) U.S. Equity Securities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Non-U.S. Equity Securities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 3,472 47,903 $ — — $ 3,472 47,903 Fixed Income Securities:(2) Non-U.S. Foreign Commercial and Government Bonds . . . . . Cash and Cash Equivalents(3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . — 29,588 86,281 — 86,281 29,588 $80,963 $86,281 $167,244 Investments measured at net asset value by category:(4) Equity Funds:(1) Commingled Trust Funds—Non-U.S. Securities . . . . . . . . . . . Fixed Income Securities:(2) U.S. Government Bonds and Securities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . U.S Corporate Bonds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Non-U.S. Corporate Bonds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Non-U.S. Foreign Commercial and Government Bonds . . . . . Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142,132 86,214 108,135 17,449 30,330 $551,504 F-31 The following table presents the fair value of the Company’s pension plan assets as of September 30, 2018, by asset category segregated by level within the fair value hierarchy, as described in Note 20, “Fair Value Measurements” (in thousands): Fair Value Hierarchy Level 2 Total Level 1 Investments measured at fair value by category: Equity Funds:(1) U.S. Equity Securities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Non-U.S. Equity Securities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cash and Cash Equivalents(3) Investments measured at net asset value by category:(4) Equity Funds:(1) Commingled Trust Funds—Non-U.S. Securities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fixed Income Securities:(2) U.S Corporate Bonds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Non-U.S. Corporate Bonds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Non-U.S. Foreign Commercial and Government Bonds . . . . . . . . Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $3,545 4,959 295 $8,799 $— — — $— $ 3,545 4,959 295 $ 8,799 10,056 3,710 16,759 29,131 $68,455 (1) Level 1 Equity Securities are actively traded on U.S. and non-U.S. exchanges and are either valued using the market approach at quoted market prices on the measurement date or at the net asset value of the shares held by the plan on the measurement date based on quoted market prices. (2) Level 2 fixed income securities are primarily valued using the market approach at either quoted market prices, pricing models that use observable market data, or bids provided by independent investment brokerage firms. (3) Cash and cash equivalents include cash which is used to pay benefits and cash invested in a short-term investment fund that holds securities with values based on quoted market prices, but for which the funds are not valued on quoted market basis. (4) These investments are valued at the net asset value (“NAV”) of units held. The NAV is used to estimated fair value and is based on the fair value of the underlying investments held by the fund less its liability. Net periodic pension cost for the Company’s defined benefit plans at the end of each fiscal year consisted of the following (in thousands): Defined Benefit Pension Plans 2019 2018 2017 U.S. Pension Plans Non-U.S. Pension Plans U.S. Pension Plans Non-U.S. Pension Plans U.S. Pension Plans Non-U.S. Pension Plans Components of Net Periodic Cost Service cost . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Interest cost . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Expected return on plan assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Settlements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Amortization of prior service cost . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Amortization of actuarial loss (gain) . . . . . . . . . . . . . Amortization of transition obligation . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 4,486 7,434 (10,339) — 62 337 — $ 3,486 4,806 (6,267) 70 14 221 — $ 293 778 (517) — 36 226 209 $ 545 1,798 (2,334) — — 559 — $ 304 1,064 (463) — — 630 314 $ 760 1,721 (2,550) — — 1,196 — Net periodic cost (benefit) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 1,980 $ 2,330 $1,025 $ 568 $1,849 $ 1,127 F-32 Post-Retirement Pension Plans 2019 2018 2017 U.S. Pension Plans Non-U.S. Pension Plans U.S. Pension Plans Non-U.S. Pension Plans U.S. Pension Plans Non-U.S. Pension Plans Components of Net Periodic Cost Service cost . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Interest cost . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Expected return on plan assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Settlements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Amortization of prior service cost . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Amortization of actuarial (gain) loss . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 5 40 — — 24 (53) $ 208 227 — — — — $ 5 31 — — 12 (42) $ — $ — — — — — 5 42 — — — (117) $ — — — — — — Net periodic cost (benefit) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 16 $ 435 $ 6 $ — $ (70) $ — F-33 The funded status of the defined benefit pension and post-retirement plans at the end of fiscal 2019 and 2018 were as follows (in thousands): Defined Benefit Pension Plans Post-Retirement Pension Plans September 30, 2019 U.S. Pension Plans Non-U.S. Pension Plans September 30, 2018 Non-U.S. Pension Plans U.S. Pension Plans September 30, 2019 September 30, 2018 Non-U.S. Pension Plans Non-U.S. Pension Plans U.S. Pension Plans U.S. Pension Plans Benefit Obligations Beginning balance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 18,683 $ 72,540 $ 19,966 $ 79,495 $ . . . Currency translation adjustment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Service cost Interest cost . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Plan participant contributions . . . . . Actuarial (gain) loss . . . . . . . . . . . . . Acquisitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other adjustments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Benefits paid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (3,973) 3,486 4,806 380 28,127 171,377 505 (7,239) — 4,486 7,434 — 43,368 318,161 440 (13,726) — 277 666 — (660) — — (1,566) (1,981) — 5 40 — 176 196 — (90) 578 1,821 60 (5,387) — — (2,046) 957 $ — $1,002 138 — 208 227 — 1,058 12,459 — $— — 5 — 31 — — — (136) — — 111 — (56) — — (315) Ending balance . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 378,846 $ 270,009 $ 18,683 $ 72,540 $ 1,284 $ 13,775 $ 957 $— Plan Assets—Fair Value Beginning balance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ Currency translation adjustment Realized and unrealized gain (loss) . . . 8,655 $ 59,800 $ 8,006 $ 61,884 $ — $ — $ — $— — (1,572) — (2,719) — — — — on plan assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Plan participants contributions . . . . Company contributions . . . . . . . . . . Acquisitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other adjustments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Expenses paid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Benefits paid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30,743 — 2,300 289,944 — (20) (13,726) 18,854 380 2,726 162,015 (209) — (7,239) 582 — 1,633 — — — (1,566) 425 60 1,049 — — — (2,046) — — 90 — — — (90) — — 315 — — — (315) — — — — 56 — — — — — — — (56) — Ending balance . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 317,896 $ 233,608 $ 8,655 $ 59,800 $ — $ — $ — $— Funded Status Fair value of plan assets . . . . . . . . . . $ 317,896 $ 233,608 $ 8,655 $ 59,800 $ — $ — $ — $— (957) — Benefit obligations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (270,009) (378,846) (18,683) (72,540) (13,775) (1,284) Net amount recognized . . . . . . $ (60,950) $ (36,401) $(10,028) $(12,740) $(1,284) $(13,775) $ (957) $— Amount Recognized on Consolidated Balance Sheet Non-current asset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ Current liability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Non-current liability . . . . . . . . . . . . — $ (2,460) (58,490) 3,639 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $— (88) — (482) (869) — (39,558) (254) (12,486) (714) (13,061) (154) (1,130) (841) (9,187) Net amount recognized . . . . . . $ (60,950) $ (36,401) $(10,028) $(12,740) $(1,284) $(13,775) $ (957) $— Amounts Recognized in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income Net actuarial loss (gain) . . . . . . . . . . $ 27,809 $ 23,533 $ 5,183 $ 9,416 $ (388) $ 1,060 $ (617) $— 216 — 875 Prior service cost . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 368 185 192 766 — Ending balance . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 28,575 $ 24,408 $ 5,551 $ 9,601 $ (196) $ 1,060 $ (401) $— F-34 The accumulated benefit obligation for all pension plans was $623.8 million at September 30, 2019 and $89.9 million at September 30, 2018. During fiscal year 2020, the Company expects to recognize amortization of net actuarial losses and prior service credit of $1.5 million and $0.2 million, respectively, in net periodic benefit cost. Estimated future benefit payments expected to be paid from the pension and post-retirement benefit plans or from the Company’s assets are as follows (in thousands): Fiscal Year 2020 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2021 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2022 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2023 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2024 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2025 - 2029 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 34,275 34,700 35,697 37,305 38,059 201,998 Defined Contribution Plans The Company sponsors certain defined contribution employee savings plans that cover substantially all of the Company’s employees. Under certain plans, the Company contributes a percentage of employee compensation and matches a portion of employee contributions. The cost recognized for such contributions for the fiscal years ended September 30, 2019, 2018 and 2017 was approximately $24.5 million, $14.9 million and $14.6 million, respectively. 14. INCOME TAXES The Company’s income from continuing operations before income taxes includes the following components for the periods shown below (in thousands): United States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Foreign . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 877,949 184,916 $826,539 159,018 $698,201 139,229 $1,062,865 $985,557 $837,430 Fiscal Years Ended September 30, 2019 2018 2017 The Company’s income tax provision on income from continuing operations consists of the following for the periods shown below (in thousands): Fiscal Years Ended September 30, 2019 2018 2017 Current Federal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . State . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Foreign . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $153,704 14,911 53,720 $ 136,651 11,771 27,239 $179,884 8,596 21,327 222,335 175,661 209,807 Deferred . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (349) (151,640) (918) $221,986 $ 24,021 $208,889 F-35 The differences between the income tax provision on income from continuing operations at the federal statutory income tax rate and the tax provision shown in the accompanying consolidated statements of income for the periods shown below are as follows (in thousands): Fiscal Years Ended September 30, 2017 2018 2019 Tax at statutory rate of 21% (24.5% for fiscal 2018 and 35% for fiscal 2017) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Stock compensation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Domestic manufacturing deduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . US tax reform(1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Foreign rate differential . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Foreign derived intangible income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Foreign tax credits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Changes in valuation allowances impacting results(2) Other—net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $223,202 (57,519) — — 2,136 (15,886) (18,370) 66,101 22,322 $ 241,853 (50,796) (15,091) (146,380) (13,770) — (2,939) — 11,144 $293,129 (50,314) (17,832) — (29,685) — — — 13,591 Income tax provision . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $221,986 $ 24,021 $208,889 (1) On December 22, 2017, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Act”) was enacted. The Act reduces the U.S. federal corporate tax rate from 35% to 21%, requires companies to pay a one-time transition tax on earnings from certain foreign subsidiaries that were previously deferred as well as other changes. We recorded tax benefits of $176.4 million related to the remeasurement of our net U.S. deferred tax liabilities to reflect the reduction in the corporate tax rate. We also recorded tax expense of $30.0 million related to the one-time transition tax. (2) Primarily relates to the Company’s business interest expense limitation pursuant to IRC §163(j) as modified by the Act. Such provision, as modified, is effective for the Company beginning in fiscal 2019. In general, the deduction for interest expense is limited to 30% of the sum of the Company’s adjusted taxable income (ATI) and its business interest income. Interest expense disallowed by such limitation, in a taxable year, may be carried forward indefinitely. Based upon available evidence, a valuation allowance was recorded for the resulting carryforward to reflect the Company’s belief that is more likely than not that that such deferred tax asset will not be realized. F-36 The components of the deferred taxes consist of the following at September 30 (in thousands): Deferred tax liabilities: Intangible assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Property, plant and equipment Unremitted foreign earnings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employee benefits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . U.S. interest expense limitation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Loss contract reserves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Net operating losses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Interest rate swaps and caps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Inventories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Non-U.S. income tax credits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . U.S. income tax credits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Environmental reserves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Product warranty reserves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2019 2018 $(709,561) (63,603) (7,310) 122,777 64,968 62,513 58,047 54,643 39,240 23,746 16,850 9,636 8,394 11,338 $(469,939) (26,615) (4,488) 73,906 — 12,670 46,487 (20,052) 20,916 289 3,114 8,551 4,471 (1,557) Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Add: Valuation allowance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (308,322) (117,660) (352,247) (47,249) Total net deferred tax liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $(425,982) $(399,496) At September 30, 2019, the Company has United Kingdom net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $12.3 million, German net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $14.2 million, Belgium net operating loss carryforwards of $39.5 million, France net operating loss carryforwards of $3.6 million and state net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $1,342.7 million that expire in various years from 2019 to 2039. The Company had U.S. and non-U.S. tax credit carryforwards of $40.6 million that expire beginning in 2025. The deferred tax assets for the interest expense limitation, net operating losses, and tax credit carryforwards are reduced by a valuation allowance for the amount of such asset that the Company believes will not be realized. The Company and its subsidiaries file income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction and various state and local jurisdictions, as well as foreign jurisdictions located in Belgium, Canada, China, France, Germany, Hong Kong, Hungary, India, Israel, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, Norway, Singapore, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sweden and the United Kingdom. The Company is no longer subject to U.S. federal examinations for years before fiscal 2015. The Company is currently under examination for its federal income taxes in the U.S. for fiscal 2016, in Belgium for fiscal(s) 2016, 2017, and 2018, in Canada for fiscal(s) 2013, 2014, and 2015, and in France for fiscal(s) 2015, 2016, 2017, and 2018. The Company expects the examination to be completed during fiscal 2020. In addition, the Company is subject to state income tax examinations for fiscal years 2009 and later. At September 30, 2018, the Company had not completed its accounting related to the Act. All provisional amounts were based on reasonable estimates using the best information available at the time. During the first quarter of fiscal 2019, the Company completed its accounting related to the Act. Such completion did not have a material impact on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements. Other provisions of the Act became effective for the Company in fiscal 2019. The Foreign-Derived Intangible Income (“FDII”) provision effectively applies a lower U.S. tax rate to intangible income derived from serving non-U.S. markets. Conversely, the Global Intangible Low-Taxed Income (“GILTI”) provision requires the Company to subject to U.S. taxation the portion of its earnings, from foreign subsidiaries that exceed an allowable return. The Company has made an accounting policy election to treat GILTI as a current year tax F-37 expense in the period in which it is incurred. We, therefore, have not provided for any deferred income tax impacts of GILTI in our consolidated financial statements for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2019. The Act’s one-time repatriation tax and GILTI effectively taxed the undistributed earnings previously deferred from U.S. income taxes. We have provided for foreign withholding taxes in jurisdictions in which we are not considered definitely reinvested, however, such amounts are not significant. A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits is as follows (in thousands): Balance at October 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $14,080 $ 8,655 Additions based on tax positions related to the prior year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Additions based on tax positions related to the current year Reductions based on tax positions related to the prior year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Settlement with tax authorities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lapse in statute of limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25,936 422 (2,691) — (1,238) 4,637 2,390 (100) (66) (1,436) Balance at September 30 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $36,509 $14,080 2019 2018 Unrecognized tax benefits at September 30, 2019 and 2018, the recognition of which would have an effect on the effective tax rate for each fiscal year, amounted to $31.4 million and $14.1 million, respectively. The Company classifies all income tax related interest and penalties as income tax expense, which were not significant for the years ended September 30, 2019 and 2018. As of September 30, 2019 and 2018, the Company accrued $5.0 million and $1.9 million, respectively, for the potential payment of interest and penalties. The Company anticipates no significant changes to its total unrecognized tax benefits through fiscal 2020. 15. ENVIRONMENTAL LIABILITIES Our operations and facilities are subject to a number of federal, state, local and foreign environmental laws and regulations that govern, among other things, discharges of pollutants into the air and water, the generation, handling, storage and disposal of hazardous materials and wastes, the remediation of contamination and the health and safety of our employees. Environmental laws and regulations may require that the Company investigate and remediate the effects of the release or disposal of materials at sites associated with past and present operations. Certain facilities and third-party sites utilized by the Company have been identified as potentially responsible parties under the federal superfund laws and comparable state laws. The Company is currently involved in the investigation and remediation of a number of sites under applicable laws. Estimates of the Company’s environmental liabilities are based on current facts, laws, regulations and technology. These estimates take into consideration the Company’s prior experience and professional judgment of the Company’s environmental advisors. Estimates of the Company’s environmental liabilities are further subject to uncertainties regarding the nature and extent of site contamination, the range of remediation alternatives available, evolving remediation standards, imprecise engineering evaluations and cost estimates, the extent of corrective actions that may be required and the number and financial condition of other potentially responsible parties, as well as the extent of their responsibility for the remediation. Accordingly, as investigation and remediation proceed, it is likely that adjustments in the Company’s accruals will be necessary to reflect new information. The amounts of any such adjustments could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations or cash flows in a given period. Based on currently available information, however, the Company does not believe that future environmental costs in excess of those accrued with respect to sites for which the Company has been identified as a potentially responsible party are likely to have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition. F-38 Environmental liabilities are recorded when the liability is probable and the costs are reasonably estimable, which generally is not later than at completion of a feasibility study or when the Company has recommended a remedy or has committed to an appropriate plan of action. The Company also takes into consideration the estimated period of time in which payments will be required. The liabilities are reviewed periodically and, as investigation and remediation proceed, adjustments are made as necessary. Liabilities for losses from environmental remediation obligations do not consider the effects of inflation and anticipated expenditures are not discounted to their present value. The liabilities are not offset by possible recoveries from insurance carriers or other third parties, but do reflect anticipated allocations among potentially responsible parties at federal superfund sites or similar state-managed sites, third party indemnity obligations, and an assessment of the likelihood that such parties will fulfill their obligations at such sites. The Company’s consolidated balance sheets includes current environmental remediation obligations at September 30, 2019 and 2018 of $9.4 million and $7.3 million classified as a component of accrued liabilities, respectively, and non-current environmental remediation obligations at September 30, 2019 and 2018 of $32.7 million and $31.8 million classified as a component of other non-current liabilities, respectively. 16. CAPITAL STOCK TD Group consists of 224,400,000 shares of $.01 par value common stock and 149,600,000 shares of $.01 par value preferred stock. The total number of shares of common stock issued at September 30, 2019 and 2018 was 57,623,311 and 56,895,686, respectively. The total number of shares held in treasury at September 30, 2019 and 2018 was 4,161,326. There were no shares of preferred stock outstanding at September 30, 2019 and 2018. The terms of the preferred stock have not been established. On November 8, 2017, our Board of Directors, authorized a stock repurchase program permitting repurchases of our outstanding shares not to exceed $650 million in the aggregate, subject to any restrictions specified in the Credit Agreement and/or Indentures governing the existing Notes. No repurchases were made under the program during the fiscal years ended September 30, 2019 and 2018. As of September 30, 2019, $650 million in repurchases are allowable under the program subject to any restrictions specified in the Credit Agreement and/or Indentures governing the existing Notes. 17. SEGMENTS The Company’s businesses are organized and managed in three reporting segments: Power & Control, Airframe and Non-aviation. The Power & Control segment includes operations that primarily develop, produce and market systems and components that predominately provide power to or control power of the aircraft utilizing electronic, fluid, power and mechanical motion control technologies. Major product offerings include mechanical/electro-mechanical actuators and controls, ignition systems and engine technology, specialized pumps and valves, power conditioning devices, specialized AC/DC electric motors and generators, databus and power controls, advanced sensor products, switches and relay panels, high performance hoists, winches and lifting devices and cargo loading and handling systems. Primary customers of this segment are engine and power system and subsystem suppliers, airlines, third party maintenance suppliers, military buying agencies and repair depots. Products are sold in the original equipment and aftermarket market channels. The Airframe segment includes operations that primarily develop, produce and market systems and components that are used in non-power airframe applications utilizing airframe and cabin structure technologies. Major product offerings include engineered latching and locking devices, rods and locking devices, engineered connectors and elastomers, cockpit security components and systems, aircraft audio systems, specialized lavatory components, seat belts and safety restraints, engineered interior surfaces and related components, advanced displays, thermal protection, lighting and control technology, military personnel parachutes and cargo delivery F-39 systems. Primary customers of this segment are airframe manufacturers and cabin system suppliers and subsystem suppliers, airlines, third party maintenance suppliers, military buying agencies and repair depots. Products are sold in the original equipment and aftermarket market channels. The Non-aviation segment includes operations that primarily develop, produce and market products for non-aviation markets. Major product offerings include seat belts and safety restraints for ground transportation applications, mechanical/electro-mechanical actuators and controls for space applications, hydraulic/ electromechanical actuators and fuel valves for land based gas turbines, and refueling systems for heavy equipment used in mining, construction and other industries and turbine controls for the energy and oil and gas markets. Primary customers of this segment are off-road vehicle suppliers and subsystem suppliers, child restraint system suppliers, satellite and space system suppliers, manufacturers of heavy equipment used in mining, construction and other industries and turbine original equipment manufacturers, gas pipeline builders and electric utilities. The primary measurement used by management to review and assess the operating performance of each segment is EBITDA As Defined. The Company defines EBITDA As Defined as earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization plus certain non-operating items recorded as corporate expenses including refinancing costs, acquisition-related costs, transaction-related costs, foreign currency gains and losses, and non-cash compensation charges incurred in connection with the Company’s stock incentive plans. Acquisition- related costs represent accounting adjustments to inventory associated with acquisitions of businesses and product lines that were charged to cost of sales when the inventory was sold; costs incurred to integrate acquired businesses and product lines into the Company’s operations, facility relocation costs and other acquisition-related costs; transaction-related costs comprising deal fees; legal, financial and tax diligence expenses and valuation costs that are required to be expensed as incurred and other acquisition accounting adjustments. EBITDA As Defined is not a measurement of financial performance under GAAP. Although the Company uses EBITDA As Defined to assess the performance of its business and for various other purposes, the use of this non-GAAP financial measure as an analytical tool has limitations, and it should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for analysis of the Company’s results of operations as reported in accordance with GAAP. The Company’s segments are reported on the same basis used internally for evaluating performance and for allocating resources. The accounting policies for each segment are the same as those described in the summary of significant accounting policies in the Company’s consolidated financial statements. Intersegment sales and transfers are recorded at values based on market prices, which creates intercompany profit on intersegment sales or transfers that is eliminated in consolidation. Intersegment sales were immaterial for the periods presented below. Certain corporate-level expenses are allocated to the operating segments. The Esterline businesses were acquired during the second quarter of fiscal 2019 and preliminarily assessed as a separate segment of the Company. During the third quarter of fiscal 2019, the Esterline businesses were integrated into TransDigm’s existing Power & Control, Airframe and Non-aviation segments. F-40 The following table presents net sales by reportable segment (in thousands): Fiscal Years Ended September 30, 2019 2018 2017 Net sales to external customers Power & Control Commercial OEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Commercial Aftermarket . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Defense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Esterline(1) $ 547,462 710,099 1,164,545 313,468 $ 498,654 665,663 974,818 — $ 460,444 606,389 860,411 — Total Power & Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,735,574 2,139,135 1,927,244 Airframe Commercial OEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Commercial Aftermarket Defense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Esterline(1) 597,765 759,697 389,426 582,520 508,671 701,110 321,161 — 497,612 630,382 314,079 — Total Airframe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,329,408 1,530,942 1,442,073 Total Non-aviation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158,221 141,049 134,969 $5,223,203 $3,811,126 $3,504,286 (1) The sales market classifications associated with the acquired Esterline businesses are currently being assessed by TransDigm management to ensure the reported market classifications are in compliance with TransDigm policy and being computed consistently with that of the existing TransDigm legacy businesses. Therefore, the sales associated with the Esterline acquisition are excluded from the market classifications reported for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2019. The following table reconciles EBITDA As Defined by segment to consolidated income from continuing operations before income taxes (in thousands): Fiscal Years Ended September 30, 2019 2018 2017 EBITDA As Defined Power & Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Airframe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Non-aviation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $1,395,085 1,062,679 50,575 $1,114,464 759,253 44,310 $ 980,046 726,630 42,475 Total segment EBITDA As Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unallocated corporate expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,508,339 89,538 1,918,027 41,469 1,749,151 38,588 Total Company EBITDA As Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,418,801 1,876,558 1,710,563 Depreciation and amortization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Interest expense—net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Acquisition-related costs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Stock compensation expense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Refinancing costs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other, net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225,700 859,753 168,898 93,362 3,013 5,210 129,844 663,008 28,450 58,481 6,396 4,822 141,025 602,589 31,191 45,524 39,807 12,997 Income from continuing operations before income taxes . . . . . . $1,062,865 $ 985,557 $ 837,430 F-41 The following table presents capital expenditures and depreciation and amortization by segment (in thousands): Capital expenditures Power & Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Airframe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Non-aviation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Corporate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Depreciation and amortization Power & Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Airframe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Non-aviation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Corporate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fiscal Years Ended September 30, 2019 2018 2017 $ 49,573 48,027 2,546 1,445 $ 38,762 32,028 2,156 395 $ 32,424 34,526 3,981 82 $101,591 $ 73,341 $ 71,013 $ 98,366 119,259 6,280 1,795 $ 67,721 55,732 5,276 1,115 $ 85,681 51,440 2,745 1,159 $225,700 $129,844 $141,025 The following table presents total assets by segment (in thousands): Total assets Power & Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Airframe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Non-aviation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Corporate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Assets of discontinued operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . September 30, 2019 September 30, 2018 $ 7,037,090 6,672,179 261,841 1,321,492 962,129 $16,254,731 $ 5,698,524 4,091,011 234,770 2,173,162 — $12,197,467 The Company’s sales principally originate from the United States, and the Company’s long-lived assets are principally located in the United States. 18. STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION The Company’s stock compensation plans are designed to assist the Company in attracting, retaining, motivating and rewarding key employees, directors or consultants, and promoting the creation of long-term value for stockholders by closely aligning the interests of these individuals with those of the Company’s stockholders. The Company’s stock compensation plans provide for the granting of stock options and other stock-based incentives. Non-cash stock compensation expense recognized by the Company during the fiscal years ended September 30, 2019, 2018 and 2017 was $93.4 million, $58.5 million and $45.5 million, respectively. The weighted-average grant date fair value of options granted during the fiscal years ended September 30, 2019, 2018 and 2017 was $114.43, $81.04 and $67.11, respectively. Compensation expense is recognized based upon probability assessments of awards that are expected to vest in future periods. Such probability assessments are subject to revision and, therefore, unrecognized compensation expense is subject to future changes in estimate. As of September 30, 2019, there was approximately F-42 $103.0 million of total unrecognized compensation expense related to non-vested awards expected to vest, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.4 years. The fair value of the Company’s employee stock options was estimated at the date of grant using a Black- Scholes option-pricing model with the following weighted average assumptions for all options granted during the fiscal years ended: Fiscal Years Ended September 30, 2019 2018 2017 Risk-free interest rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Expected life of options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Expected dividend yield of stock . . . . . . . . . Expected volatility of stock . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.33% to 3.03% 2.01% to 2.84% 1.56% to 2.01% 5.2 years — 25% 5.5 years — 25% 5.0 years — 25% The risk-free interest rate is based upon the Treasury bond rates as of the grant date. The average expected life of stock-based awards is based on the Company’s actual historical exercise experience. Expected volatility of stock was calculated using a rate based upon the historical volatility of TransDigm’s common stock. Notwithstanding the special cash dividends declared and paid from time to time, the Company historically has not declared and paid regular cash dividends and does not anticipate declaring and paying regular cash dividends in future periods; thus, no dividend rate assumption is used. The total fair value of options vested during fiscal years ended September 30, 2019, 2018 and 2017 was $37.7 million, $44.4 million and $42.9 million, respectively. 2019 Stock Option Plan In August 2019, the Board of Directors of TD Group adopted a new stock option plan, which was subsequently approved by stockholders on October 3, 2019. The 2019 stock option plan permits TD Group to award stock options to our key employees, directors or consultants. The total number shares of TD Group common stock reserved for issuance or delivery under the 2019 stock option plan is 4,000,000, subject to adjustment in the event of any stock dividend or split, reorganization, recapitalization, merger, share exchange or any other similar corporate transaction or event. No shares have been issued from TD Group’s 2019 stock option plan. 2014 Stock Option Plan In July 2014, the Board of Directors of TD Group adopted the 2014 stock option plan, which was subsequently approved by stockholders on October 2, 2014. The 2014 stock option plan permits TD Group to award our key employees, directors or consultants stock options. The total number of shares of TD Group common stock reserved for issuance or delivery under the 2014 stock option plan is 5,000,000, subject to adjustment in the event of any stock dividend or split, reorganization, recapitalization, merger, share exchange or any other similar corporate transaction or event. F-43 Performance Vested Stock Options—All of the options granted through September 30, 2019 under the 2014 stock option plan have been pursuant to an equity incentive program adopted by the Company in 2008. Under the 2008 equity incentive program, all of the options granted will vest based on the Company’s achievement of established operating performance goals. The following table summarizes the activity, pricing and other information for the Company’s performance vested stock-based award activity during the fiscal year ended September 30, 2019: Outstanding at September 30, 2018 . . . . . . . . . . Granted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Exercised . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Forfeited . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Expired . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Number of Options 2,113,278 1,184,680 (24,150) (105,350) (1,000) Outstanding at September 30, 2019 . . . . . . . . . . 3,167,458 Weighted-Average Exercise Price Per Option Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Term Aggregate Intrinsic Value $283.84 393.32 251.22 322.71 303.90 $323.73 8.3 years $623,799,179 Expected to vest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,820,010 $323.70 8.3 years $358,483,056 Exercisable at September 30, 2019 . . . . . . . . . . 824,797 $315.16 8.2 years $169,504,031 At September 30, 2019, there were 1,797,892 remaining shares available for award under TD Group’s 2014 stock option plan. 2006 Stock Incentive Plan In conjunction with the consummation of the Company’s initial public offering, a 2006 stock incentive plan was adopted by TD Group. In July 2008 and March 2011, the plan was amended to increase the number of shares available for issuance thereunder. TD Group reserved 8,119,668 shares of its common stock for issuance to key employees, directors or consultants under the plan. Awards under the plan were in the form of options, restricted stock or other stock-based awards. Options granted under the plan expire no later than the tenth anniversary of the applicable date of grant of the options, and have an exercise price of not less than the fair market value of our common stock on the date of grant. Restricted stock granted under the plan vested over three years. No restricted stock units remained outstanding as of September 30, 2018. Performance Vested Stock Options—All of the options granted under the 2006 stock incentive plan have been pursuant to an equity incentive program adopted by the Company in 2008. Under the 2008 equity incentive program, all of the options granted vest based on the Company’s achievement of established operating performance goals. The following table summarizes the activity, pricing and other information for the Company’s performance vested stock-based award activity during the fiscal year ended September 30, 2019: Outstanding at September 30, 2018 . . . . . . . . Granted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Exercised . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Forfeited . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Expired . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Number of Options 3,878,127 — (702,600) (41,505) — Weighted-Average Exercise Price Per Option Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Term Aggregate Intrinsic Value $147.50 — 107.90 223.42 — Outstanding at September 30, 2019 . . . . . . . . 3,134,022 $155.34 3.9 years $1,144,952,257 Expected to vest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141,080 $225.90 6.1 years $ 41,586,446 Exercisable at September 30, 2019 . . . . . . . . . 2,995,342 $152.08 3.8 years $1,104,053,108 F-44 The 2006 stock incentive plan expired on March 14, 2016 and no further shares were granted under the plan thereafter. 2003 Stock Option Plan Certain executives and key employees of the Company were granted stock options under TD Group’s 2003 stock option plan. Upon the closing of the acquisition of the Company by Warburg Pincus in 2003, certain employees rolled over certain then-existing options to purchase shares of common stock of TransDigm Holdings. These employees were granted rollover options to purchase an aggregate of 3,870,152 shares of common stock of TD Group (after giving effect to the 149.60 for 1.00 stock split effected on March 14, 2006). All rollover options granted were fully vested on the date of grant. In addition to shares of common stock reserved for issuance upon the exercise of rollover options, an aggregate of 5,469,301 shares of TD Group’s common stock were reserved for issuance upon the exercise of new management options. In general, approximately 20% of all new management options vested based on employment service or a change in control. These time vested options had a graded vesting schedule of up to four years. There were no remaining time vested stock-based options outstanding as of September 30, 2016. Approximately 80% of all new management options vested (i) based upon the satisfaction of specified performance criteria, which is annual and cumulative EBITDA As Defined targets through 2008, or (ii) upon the occurrence of a change in control if the Investor Group (defined as Warburg Pincus and the other initial investors in TD Group) received a minimum specified rate of return. Unless terminated earlier, the options expire ten years from the date of grant. TD Group reserved a total of 9,339,453 shares of its common stock for issuance to the Company’s employees under the plan, which had all been issued as of September 30, 2013. Performance Vested Stock Options—The following table summarizes the activity, pricing and other information for the Company’s performance vested stock-based award activity during the fiscal year ended September 30, 2019: Number of Options Weighted-Average Exercise Price Per Option Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Term Aggregate Intrinsic Value Outstanding at September 30, 2018 . . . . . . . . . . . Granted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Exercised . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77,829 — — Outstanding at September 30, 2019 . . . . . . . . . . . 77,829 Exercisable at September 30, 2019 . . . . . . . . . . . . 77,829 $130.09 — — $130.09 $130.09 3.1 years $30,398,451 3.1 years $30,398,451 The total intrinsic value of time, performance and rollover options exercised during the fiscal years ended September 30, 2019, 2018 and 2017 was $240.2 million, $192.5 million and $61.1 million, respectively. In addition to shares issued pursuant to options exercised, during the fiscal year ended September 30, 2019, 875 shares of common stock were issued with a weighted-average grant date fair value of $476.33 as payment to directors in lieu of cash. Dividend Equivalent Plans Pursuant to the Third Amended and Restated TransDigm Group Incorporated 2003 Stock Option Plan Dividend Equivalent Plan, the Second Amended and Restated TransDigm Group Incorporated 2006 Stock Incentive Plan Dividend Equivalent Plan, the 2014 Stock Option Plan Dividend Equivalent Plan and the 2019 Stock Option Plan Dividend Equivalent Plan, all of the options granted under the 2003 stock option plan, the 2006 stock incentive plan, the 2014 stock option plan and the 2019 stock option plan are entitled to certain dividend equivalent payments in the event of the declaration of a dividend by the Company. F-45 Dividend equivalent payments on vested options were $111.0 million, $56.1 million and $19.5 million during the fiscal years ended September 30, 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively. At September 30, 2019, there was $63.8 million recorded in accrued liabilities and $48.3 million accrued in other non-current liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets related to the future dividend equivalent payments. 19. LEASES TransDigm leases certain manufacturing facilities, offices, equipment and vehicles. Such leases, some of which are noncancelable and, in many cases, include renewals, expire at various dates. Rental expense during the fiscal years ended September 30, 2019, 2018 and 2017 was $25.5 million, $19.2 million and $19.0 million, respectively. Future minimum rental commitments at September 30, 2019 under operating leases having initial or remaining non-cancelable lease terms exceeding one year are $22.3 million in fiscal 2020, $31.5 million in fiscal 2021, $17.2 million in fiscal 2022, $14.1 million in fiscal 2023, $12.5 million in fiscal 2024, and $27.8 million thereafter. 20. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS The following tables present our assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis and are categorized using the fair value hierarchy. The fair value hierarchy has three levels based on the reliability of the inputs used to determine fair value. Level 1 inputs are quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. Level 2 inputs are quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, and inputs (other than quoted prices) that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs for the asset or liability. A financial asset or liability’s classification within the hierarchy is determined based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement. F-46 The following summarizes the carrying amounts and fair values of financial instruments (in thousands): Assets: Cash and cash equivalents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Interest rate cap agreements(1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . Interest rate swap agreements(2) . . . . . . . . . . . . Interest rate swap agreements(1) . . . . . . . . . . . . Foreign currency forward exchange contracts(2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Foreign currency forward exchange contracts(1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Liabilities: Interest rate swap agreements(3) . . . . . . . . . . . . Interest rate swap agreements(4) . . . . . . . . . . . . Foreign currency forward exchange contracts(3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Foreign currency forward exchange contracts(4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Short-term borrowings—trade receivable securitization facility(5) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Long-term debt, including current portion: Term loans(5) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.50% 2020 Notes(5) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.00% 2022 Notes(5) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.50% 2024 Notes(5) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.50% 2025 Notes(5) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.375% 2026 Notes(5) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.875% 2026 Notes(5) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.25% 2026 Notes(5) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.50% 2027 Notes(5) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Government refundable advances . . . . . . Capital lease obligations . . . . . . . . . . . . . September 30, 2019 September 30, 2018 Level Carrying Amount Fair Value Carrying Amount Fair Value 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 $1,467,486 1,225 — — $1,467,486 1,225 — — $2,073,017 36,160 11,634 61,126 $2,073,017 36,160 11,634 61,126 80 21 80 21 13,218 202,378 13,218 202,378 6,308 6,308 403 403 — — 528 142 — — — — 528 142 — — 349,519 349,519 299,519 299,519 7,448,549 — 1,145,939 1,194,310 750,113 943,210 491,331 3,942,182 544,700 39,195 49,906 7,477,552 — 1,167,250 1,239,000 781,875 998,688 535,000 4,290,000 595,375 39,195 49,906 7,509,205 547,813 1,144,499 1,193,134 750,131 942,202 490,779 — — — — 7,607,323 548,625 1,155,750 1,215,000 757,500 942,875 507,500 — — — — Included in other non-current assets on the consolidated balance sheets. Included in prepaid expenses and other on the consolidated balance sheets. Included in accrued liabilities on the balance sheets. Included in other non-current liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet. (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) The carrying amount of the debt instrument is presented net of the debt issuance costs, premium and discount. Refer to Note 12, “Debt,” for gross carrying amounts. The Company values its financial instruments using an industry standard market approach, in which prices and other relevant information are generated by market transactions involving identical or comparable assets or liabilities. No financial instruments were recognized using unobservable inputs. Interest rate swaps were measured at fair value using quoted market prices for the swap interest rate indexes over the term of the swap discounted to present value versus the fixed rate of the contract. The interest rate caps were measured at fair value using implied volatility rates of each individual caplet and the yield curve for the related periods. F-47 The Company’s derivative contracts consist of foreign currency exchange contracts and, from time to time, interest rate swap and cap agreements. These derivative contracts are over-the-counter, and their fair value is determined using modeling techniques that include market inputs such as interest rates, yield curves, and currency exchange rates. These contracts are categorized as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy. The estimated fair value of the Company’s term loans was based on information provided by the agent under the Company’s senior secured credit facility. The estimated fair values of the Company’s notes were based upon quoted market prices. There has not been any impact to the fair value of derivative liabilities due to the Company’s own credit risk. Similarly, there has not been any impact to the fair value of derivative assets based on the Company’s evaluation of counterparties’ credit risks. The fair value of cash and cash equivalents, trade accounts receivable-net and accounts payable approximated book value due to the short-term nature of these instruments at September 30, 2019 and 2018. 21. DERIVATIVES AND HEDGING ACTIVITIES The Company is exposed to, among other things, the impact of changes in foreign currency exchange rates and interest rates in the normal course of business. The Company’s risk management program is designed to manage the exposure and volatility arising from these risks, and utilizes derivative financial instruments to offset a portion of these risks. The Company uses derivative financial instruments only to the extent necessary to hedge identified business risks and does not enter into such transactions for trading purposes. The Company generally does not require collateral or other security with counterparties to these financial instruments and is therefore subject to credit risk in the event of nonperformance; however, the Company monitors credit risk and currently does not anticipate nonperformance by other parties. These derivative financial instruments do not subject the Company to undue risk, as gains and losses on these instruments generally offset gains and losses on the underlying assets, liabilities, or anticipated transactions that are being hedged. The Company has agreements with each of its swap and cap counterparties that contain a provision whereby if the Company defaults on the credit facility the Company could also be declared in default on its swaps and caps, resulting in an acceleration of payment under the swaps and caps. All derivative financial instruments are recorded at fair value in the consolidated balance sheets. For a derivative that has not been designated as an accounting hedge, the change in the fair value is recognized immediately through earnings. For a derivative that has been designated as an accounting hedge of an existing asset or liability (a fair value hedge), the change in the fair value of both the derivative and underlying asset or liability is recognized immediately through earnings. For a derivative designated as an accounting hedge of an anticipated transaction (a cash flow hedge), the change in the fair value is recorded on the consolidated balance sheet in accumulated other comprehensive income to the extent the derivative is effective in mitigating the exposure related to the anticipated transaction. The change in the fair value related to the ineffective portion of the hedge, if any, is immediately recognized in earnings. The amount recorded within accumulated other comprehensive income is reclassified into earnings in the same period during which the underlying hedged transaction affects earnings. Interest Rate Swap and Cap Agreements—Interest rate swap and cap agreements are used to manage interest rate risk associated with floating-rate borrowings under our credit facility. The interest rate swap and cap agreements utilized by the Company effectively modify the Company’s exposure to interest rate risk by converting a portion of the Company’s floating-rate debt to a fixed rate basis through the expiration date of the interest rate swap and cap agreements, thereby reducing the impact of interest rate changes on future interest expense. These agreements involve the receipt of floating rate amounts in exchange for fixed rate interest payments over the term of the agreements without an exchange of the underlying principal amount. These derivative instruments qualify as effective cash flow hedges under GAAP. For these cash flow hedges, the effective portion of the gain or loss from the financial instruments was initially reported as a component of accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income in stockholders’ deficit and subsequently reclassified into F-48 earnings in the same line as the hedged item in the same period or periods during which the hedged item affected earnings. As the interest rate swap and cap agreements are used to manage interest rate risk, any gains or losses from the derivative instruments that are reclassified into earnings are recognized in interest expense—net in the consolidated statements of income. The following table summarizes the Company’s interest rate swap agreements: Aggregate Notional Amount (in millions) $750 . . . . . . . $500 . . . . . . . $750 . . . . . . . $1,500 . . . . . . $1,000 . . . . . . $1,400 . . . . . . $500 . . . . . . . $400 . . . . . . . $900 . . . . . . . $400 . . . . . . . Start Date End Date Related Term Loans 3/31/2016 6/29/2018 6/30/2020 6/30/2022 6/28/2019 6/30/2021 12/30/2016 9/30/2017 12/31/2021 9/30/2022 6/30/2020 3/31/2025 6/30/2022 3/31/2025 6/30/2021 3/31/2023 12/31/2021 9/30/2022 6/28/2024 6/28/2024 Tranche E Tranche E Tranche E Tranche E Tranche F Tranche F Tranche G Tranche G Tranche G Tranche G Conversion of Related Variable Rate Debt to Fixed Rate of: 5.3% (2.8% plus the 2.5% margin percentage) 5.5% (3.0% plus the 2.5% margin percentage) 5.0% (2.5% plus the 2.5% margin percentage) 5.6% (3.1% plus the 2.5% margin percentage) 4.3% (1.8% plus the 2.5% margin percentage) 5.5% (3.0% plus the 2.5% margin percentage) 4.4% (1.9% plus the 2.5% margin percentage) 4.4% (1.9% plus the 2.5% margin percentage) 5.6% (3.1% plus the 2.5% margin percentage) 5.5% (3.0% plus the 2.5% margin percentage) The following table summarizes the Company’s interest rate cap agreements: Aggregate Notional Amount (in millions) Start Date End Date Related Debt Offsets Variable Rate Debt Attributable to Fluctuations Above: $750 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $750 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $400 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $400 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9/30/2015 6/30/2020 6/30/2016 12/30/2016 Tranche E Three month LIBO rate of 2.5% 6/30/2020 Tranche E Three month LIBO rate of 2.5% 6/30/2022 6/30/2021 Tranche F Three month LIBO rate of 2.0% 12/30/2021 Tranche G Three month LIBO rate of 2.5% Certain derivative asset and liability balances are offset where master netting agreements provide for the legal right of setoff. For classification purposes, we record the net fair value of each type of derivative position that is expected to settle in less than one year with each counterparty as a net current asset or liability and each type of long-term position as a net non-current asset or liability. The amounts shown in the table below represent the gross amounts of recognized assets and liabilities, the amounts offset in the consolidated balance sheet and the net amounts of assets and liabilities presented therein. September 30, 2019 September 30, 2018 Asset Liability Asset Liability Interest rate cap agreements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Interest rate swap agreements(1) $1,225 — $ — $ 36,160 72,090 (215,596) $ — — Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Effect of counterparty netting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,225 — (215,596) — 108,250 670 — (670) Net derivatives as classified in the balance sheet(2) . . . . . . . . . . . $1,225 $(215,596) $108,920 $(670) (1) The increase in the interest rate swap liability is primarily attributable to a downward trend in the LIBO rate during fiscal 2019. (2) Refer to Note 20, “Fair Value Measurements,” for the consolidated balance sheet classification of our interest rate swap and cap agreements. F-49 Based on the fair value amounts of the interest rate swap and cap agreements determined as of September 30, 2019, the estimated net amount of existing gains and losses and caplet amortization expected to be reclassified into interest expense within the next twelve months is approximately $17.2 million. Effective September 30, 2016, the Company redesignated the interest rate cap agreements related to the $400 million and the $750 million aggregate notional amount with cap rates of 2.0% and 2.5%, respectively, based on the expected probable cash flows associated with the 2016 term loans and 2015 term loans in consideration of the Company’s ability to select one-month, two-month, three-month, or six-month LIBO rate set forth in the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement. Accordingly, amounts previously recorded as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in stockholder’s deficit amortized into interest expense was $4.8 million and $4.0 million for the fiscal years ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The accumulated other comprehensive income to be reclassified into interest expense over the remaining term of the cap agreements is $6.2 million with a related tax benefit of $1.5 million as of September 30, 2019. Effective December 30, 2017, the Company redesignated the existing interest rate swap agreements related to the $750 million, $500 million, $1,000 million and $750 million aggregate notional amounts with swap rates of 5.0%, 4.4%, 4.3% and 5.3%, respectively, based on the expected probable cash flows associated with certain term loans in consideration of the Company’s removal of the LIBO rate floor on the certain term loans as set forth in Amendment No. 4 to the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement. Accordingly, the amount recorded as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income in stockholders’ deficit related to these redesignated interest rate swap hedges will be amortized into earnings based on the original maturity date of the related interest rate swap agreements. Amounts previously recorded as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income in stockholder’s deficit amortized into interest expense was $1.1 million and $0.8 million for the fiscal years ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The accumulated other comprehensive income to be reclassified into interest income over the remaining term of the swap agreements is $1.7 million with a related tax expense of $0.4 million as of September 30, 2019. Effective March 31, 2018, the Company redesignated the existing interest rate swap agreements related to the $1,000 million aggregate notional amount with a swap rate of 4.9%, which expired in June 2019, and the $400 million aggregate notional amount with swap rate of 4.4% based on the expected probable cash flows associated with certain term loans in consideration of the Company’s removal of the LIBO rate floor on the certain term loans as set forth in the refinancing facility agreement dated February 22, 2018 related to the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement. Accordingly, the amount recorded as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income in stockholders’ deficit related to these redesignated interest rate swap hedges will be amortized into earnings based on the original maturity date of the related interest rate swap agreements. Amounts previously recorded as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income in stockholder’s deficit amortized into interest income was $2.8 million and $1.4 million for the fiscal years ended September 30, 2019 and 2018. The accumulated other comprehensive income to be reclassified into interest income over the remaining term of the swaps agreements is $8.6 million with a related tax expense of $2.0 million as of September 30, 2019. Foreign Currency Forward Exchange Contracts—The Company transacts business in various foreign currencies, which subjects the Company’s cash flows and earnings to exposure related to changes in foreign currency exchange rates. These exposures arise primarily from purchases or sales of products and services from third parties. Foreign currency forward exchange contracts provide for the purchase or sale of foreign currencies at specified future dates at specified exchange rates, and are used to offset changes in the fair value of certain assets or liabilities or forecasted cash flows resulting from transactions denominated in foreign currencies. At September 30, 2019, the Company had outstanding foreign currency forward exchange contracts principally to sell U.S. dollars with notional amounts of $217.2 million. These notional values consist primarily of contracts for the British pound sterling, Canadian dollar, and European euro and are stated in U.S. dollar equivalents at spot exchange rates at the respective dates. During the fiscal year ended September 30, 2019, the Company recognized gains on foreign currency forward exchange contracts designated as fair value hedges of $0.4 million F-50 in cost of sales in the consolidated statement of income. During the fiscal year ended September 30, 2019, the gains the Company reclassified on foreign currency forward exchange contracts designated as cash flow hedges in the consolidated income statement are immaterial. The losses were previously recorded as a component of accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income in stockholders’ deficit. During the fiscal year ended September 30, 2019, the Company recorded a gain of $0.1 million on foreign currency forward exchange contracts that have not been designated as accounting hedges. These foreign currency exchange gains are included in selling and administrative expenses. There was an immaterial impact to the Company’s earnings related to the ineffective portion of any hedging instruments during the fiscal year ended September 30, 2019. In addition, there was an immaterial impact to the Company’s earnings when a hedged firm commitment no longer qualified as a fair value hedge or when a hedged forecasted transaction no longer qualified as a cash flow hedge during the fiscal year ended September 30, 2019. Amounts related to foreign currency forward exchange contracts included in accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income in stockholders’ deficit are reclassified into earnings when the hedged transaction settles. The Company expects to reclassify approximately $5.3 million of net losses into earnings over the next 12 months. The maximum duration of the Company’s foreign currency cash flow hedge contracts at September 30, 2019 was 18 months. 22. ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE (LOSS) INCOME The following table presents the components of accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income, net of taxes, for the fiscal years ended September 30, 2019, 2018 and 2017 (in thousands): Balance at September 30, 2017 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Current-period other comprehensive gain (loss) . . . . . Amounts reclassified from AOCI related to derivative instruments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Net current-period other comprehensive gain (loss) . . Balance at September 30, 2018 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cumulative effect of ASU 2018-02, adopted October 1, 2018 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Current-period other comprehensive (loss) gain . . . . . Amounts reclassified from AOCI related to derivative instruments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unrealized (loss) gain on derivatives designated and qualifying as cash flow hedges(1) $ (26,669) 91,226 Defined benefit pension plan activity(2) Currency translation adjustment Total $(16,365) $ (42,109) $ (85,143) 86,609 (10,253) 5,636 2,634 93,860 67,191 — — 2,634 5,636 (10,253) 89,243 (10,729) (52,362) 4,100 (2,199) (240,776) — (29,004) — (114,856) (2,199) (384,636) 3,754 — — 3,754 Net current-period other comprehensive (loss) gain . . (239,221) (29,004) (114,856) (383,081) Balance at September 30, 2019 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $(172,030) $(39,733) $(167,218) $(378,981) (1) Unrealized gain (loss) represents derivative instruments, net of taxes of $69,660, $(33,923) and $(20,663) for the fiscal years ended September 30, 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively. (2) Defined benefit pension plan and other post-retirement plan activity represents pension liability adjustments, net of taxes of $8,513, $(1,487) and $(4,130) for the fiscal years ended September 30, 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively. F-51 A summary of reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income for the fiscal years ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 is provided below (in thousands): Description of reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income Amortization from redesignated interest rate swap and cap agreements(1) . . . . . . . . . Losses from settlement of foreign currency forward exchange contracts(2) . . . . . . . . . Deferred tax expense (benefit) on reclassifications out of accumulated other Amount Reclassified Fiscal Years Ended September 30, 2019 $3,060 (20) 2018 $3,443 — comprehensive (loss) income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 714 (809) Losses reclassified into earnings, net of tax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $3,754 $2,634 (1) (2) This component of accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income is included in interest expense (see Note 21, “Derivatives and Hedging Activities,” for additional information). This component of accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income is included in net sales (see Note 21, “Derivatives and Hedging Activities,” for additional information). 23. DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS Current Year Divestitures On July 21, 2019, TransDigm entered into a binding offer (the “Put Agreement”) with Eaton Corporation plc (“Eaton”) for the acquisition by Eaton of the shares of Souriau SAS, Souriau USA Inc. and Sunbank Family of Companies LLC which comprise the Souriau-Sunbank Connection Technologies business (“Souriau- Sunbank”). Pursuant to the terms of the Put Agreement, after completion of the consultation process with the French works council, TransDigm has the right to require Eaton to enter into a securities purchase agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) providing for the purchase by Eaton from TransDigm of the shares of Souriau-Sunbank. The Purchase Agreement was entered into by the parties on October 28, 2019. Pursuant to the terms of the Purchase Agreement, Eaton will purchase the shares of the Souriau-Sunbank for a cash purchase price of approximately $920 million. The transaction is subject to execution and delivery of the Purchase Agreement and other definitive agreements, the satisfaction or waiver of customary closing conditions and receipt of required regulatory approvals, all of which have been received other than the French foreign investment approval. The parties expect to complete the transaction during the first quarter of fiscal 2020. Souriau-Sunbank, which is a reporting unit within TransDigm’s Non-aviation segment, is classified as held-for-sale as of September 30, 2019. The divestiture represents a strategic shift in TransDigm’s business and, in accordance with US GAAP, qualify as discontinued operations. Therefore, the results of operations of Souriau-Sunbank are presented in discontinued operations in the accompanying consolidated financial statements for all periods presented since the date acquired. On September 20, 2019, TransDigm completed the divestiture of its Esterline Interface Technology (“EIT”) group of businesses to an affiliate of KPS Capital Partners, LP for approximately $190 million. EIT was acquired by TransDigm as part of its acquisition of Esterline Technologies Corporation in March 2019 and was included in TransDigm’s Non-aviation segment. The divestiture represents a strategic shift in TransDigm’s business and, in accordance with US GAAP, qualify as discontinued operations. Therefore, the results of operations of EIT are presented in discontinued operations in the accompanying consolidated financial statements for all periods presented since the date acquired. The income from discontinued operations was $50.4 million in the consolidated statements of income for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2019. Cash related to discontinued operations, which has been excluded from F-52 the consolidated statement of cash flows, includes net cash provided by operating activities of $35.3 million and net cash used in investing activities of $10.6 million. The following is the summarized operating results for Souriau-Sunbank and EIT for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2019 (in thousands): Fiscal Year Ended September 30, 2019 Souriau-Sunbank EIT Total Net sales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $199,356 $94,619 $293,975 (Loss) income from discontinued operations before income taxes . . . . . . Income tax benefit (expense) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (17,176) 14,254 17,112 (1,131) (64) 13,123 (Loss) income from discontinued operations, net of tax, including noncontrolling interests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gain from sale of discontinued operations, net of tax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Less: Income attributable to noncontrolling interests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (2,922) — (98) 15,981 37,619 (148) 13,059 37,619 (246) (Loss) income from discontinued operations, net of tax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ (3,020) $53,452 $ 50,432 At September 30, 2019, Souriau-Sunbank’s assets held-for-sale and liabilities held-for-sale are $962.1 million and $156.7 million, respectively. Under US GAAP, assets held for sale are to be reported at lower of its carrying amount or fair value less cost to sell. The following is the summarized balance sheet of Souriau- Sunbank’s assets held-for-sale and liabilities held-for-sale as of September 30, 2019 (in thousands): Assets and Liabilities of Discontinued Operations Held-for-Sale Cash and cash equivalents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trade accounts receivable—Net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Inventories—Net Prepaid expenses and other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Property, plant and equipment—Net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Goodwill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other intangibles—Net Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total assets of discontinued operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Accounts payable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Accrued liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Long-term debt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Deferred income taxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total liabilities of discontinued operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fiscal Year Ended September 30, 2019 $ 28,545 66,619 87,919 1,740 100,759 480,310 194,483 1,754 $962,129 $ 33,338 55,031 5,793 41,769 20,808 $156,739 Prior Year Divestitures In connection with the settlement of a Department of Justice investigation into the competitive effects of the acquisition, during the fourth quarter of 2017, the Company committed to dispose of the Schroth business. Therefore, Schroth was classified as held-for-sale as of September 30, 2017. The results of operations of Schroth are presented in discontinued operations in the accompanying consolidated financial statements for all periods presented. On January 26, 2018, the Company completed the sale of Schroth in a management buyout to a private equity fund and certain members of Schroth management for approximately $61.4 million, which includes a working capital adjustment of $0.3 million that was paid on July 6, 2018. The Company previously acquired Schroth in February 2017. F-53 The loss from discontinued operations was $4.5 million and $31.7 million in the consolidated statements of income for the fiscal years ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Previously, in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2017, the Company recorded a $32.0 million impairment charge to write down the Schroth assets to fair value. The impairment charge was based on an internal assessment of the recovery of Schroth’s assets. The following is the summarized operating results for Schroth for the years ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 (in thousands): Fiscal Years Ended September 30, 2018 2017 Net sales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $11,808 $ 24,590 Income (loss) from discontinued operations before income taxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Loss on classification as held-for-sale before income taxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Income tax benefit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 354 — 2,016 Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Loss on sale of discontinued operations, net of tax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,370 (6,844) (5,709) (32,000) 6,055 (31,654) — Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ (4,474) $(31,654) 24. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES On August 8, 2019, a fire caused significant damage to the Niort, France operating facility of Leach International Europe, which is a subsidiary of TransDigm acquired via the Esterline acquisition. Leach International Europe’s results are reported within the Company’s Power & Control segment. The facility as well as certain machinery, equipment and inventory sustained damage. The Company suspended operations at the Niort facility as a result of the fire; however, it is in the process of transferring certain operations to temporary facilities while the facility is rebuilt, which is the rebuilding of the facility is expected to take up to 18 months. The Company’s insurance covers damage to the facility, equipment, inventory, and other assets, at replacement cost, as well as business interruption, and recovery-related expenses caused by the fire, subject to a $1 million deductible and certain sub-limits based on the nature of the covered item. Anticipated insurance recoveries related to losses and incremental costs incurred are recognized when receipt is probable. Anticipated insurance recoveries in excess of net book value of the damaged property and inventory will not be recorded until all contingencies relating to the claim have been resolved. The timing of and amounts of ultimate insurance recoveries is not known at this time. For the fiscal year ended September 30, 2019, the Company recorded fire-related expense of $2.4 million, net of insurance recovery receivable, and is recorded within other expense in the consolidated statement of income. F-54 25. QUARTERLY FINANCIAL DATA (UNAUDITED) Fiscal Year Ended September 30, 2019(1) Net sales(2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gross profit(2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Income from continuing operations, net of First Quarter Ended December 29, 2018 Second Quarter Ended March 30, 2019 Third Quarter Ended June 29, 2019 Fourth Quarter Ended September 30, 2019 (in thousands, except per share amounts) $993,302 564,116 $1,167,520 649,964 $1,521,061 713,109 $1,541,320 882,082 tax(2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196,042 200,021 127,659 317,157 Income from discontinued operations, net of tax(2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests(2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . — — 2,611 16,951 30,870 (224) (160) (1,157) Net income attributable to TD Group(2) . . . $196,042 $ 202,408 $ 144,450 $ 346,870 Net earnings per share from continuing operations—basic and diluted(3) . . . . . . . Net earnings per share from discontinued $ 3.05 operations—basic and diluted(3) . . . . . . . — Net earnings per share(3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 3.05 $ $ 3.55 $ 2.27 0.05 3.60 $ 0.30 2.57 $ $ 4.08 0.55 4.63 Fiscal Year Ended September 30, 2018(1) Net sales(2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gross profit(2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Income from continuing operations, net of First Quarter Ended December 30, 2017 Second Quarter Ended March 31, 2018 Third Quarter Ended June 30, 2018 Fourth Quarter Ended September 30, 2018 (in thousands, except per share amounts) $847,960 476,650 $933,070 534,074 $980,662 569,520 $1,049,434 597,266 tax(2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 312,011 201,840 217,391 230,294 Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax(2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,764 (5,562) (145) (1,531) Net income attributable to TD Group(2) . . . $314,775 $196,278 $217,246 $ 228,763 Net earnings per share from continuing operations—basic and diluted(3) Net earnings (loss) per share from . . . . . . . discontinued operations—basic and diluted(3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Net earnings per share(3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ $ 4.60 $ 3.63 $ 3.91 0.05 4.65 (0.10) — $ 3.53 $ 3.91 $ $ 4.14 (0.03) 4.11 (1) Results adjusted to reflect amounts reclassified to discontinued operations due to the Company’s classification of Souriau-Sunbank and EIT at September 30, 2019, and Schroth at September 30, 2017, as discontinued operations. See Note 23, “Discontinued Operations,” for additional information. (2) The Company’s operating results include the results of operations of acquisitions from the effective date of each acquisition. See Note 2 “Acquisitions and Divestitures,” for additional details. (3) The sum of the earnings per share for the four quarters in a year does not necessarily equal the total year earnings per share due to the weighted average number of shares outstanding in each quarter. F-55 26. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS On October 29, 2019, the Company entered into a purchase agreement in connection with a private offering of $2.65 billion aggregate principal amount in 5.50% senior subordinated notes due November 15, 2027. The settlement of the debt financing transaction occurred on November 13, 2019. The notes were issued at a price of 100% of their principal amount. The Company will use a portion of the net proceeds from the offering of the notes to redeem all of its outstanding (aggregate principal amount of $1.15 billion) 2022 Notes. The remaining net proceeds will be used for general corporate purposes, which may include potential future acquisitions, dividends or repurchases under its stock repurchase program. 27. SUPPLEMENTAL GUARANTOR INFORMATION TransDigm Inc.’s 2022 Notes, 2024 Notes, 2025 Notes, 6.375% 2026 Notes, 2026 Secured Notes and 2027 Notes are jointly and severally guaranteed, on a senior subordinated basis, by TD Group, TransDigm UK Holdings plc (“TransDigm UK”) and TransDigm Inc.’s Domestic Restricted Subsidiaries, as defined in the applicable Indentures. TransDigm UK’s 6.875% 2026 Notes are jointly and severally guaranteed, on a senior subordinated basis, by TD Group, TransDigm Inc. and TransDigm Inc.’s Domestic Restricted Subsidiaries as defined in the applicable indenture. The following supplemental consolidating financial information presents, in separate columns, the balance sheets of the Company as of September 30, 2019 and September 30, 2018 and its statements of income and comprehensive income and cash flows for the fiscal years ended September 30, 2019, 2018 and 2017 for (i) TransDigm Group on a parent only basis with its investment in subsidiaries recorded under the equity method, (ii) TransDigm Inc. including its directly owned operations and non-operating entities, excluding TransDigm UK, (iii) TransDigm UK (iv) the Subsidiary Guarantors (other than TransDigm UK) on a combined basis, (v) Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries and (vi) the Company on a consolidated basis. Separate financial statements of TransDigm Inc. are not presented because TransDigm Inc.’s 2022 Notes, 2024 Notes, 2025 Notes, 6.375% 2026 Notes, 2026 Secured Notes and 2027 Notes are fully and unconditionally guaranteed on a senior subordinated basis by TD Group, TransDigm UK and all of TransDigm Inc’s Domestic Restricted Subsidiaries and because TD Group has no significant operations or assets separate from its investment in TransDigm Inc. Separate financial statements of TransDigm UK are not presented because TransDigm UK’s 6.875% 2026 Notes, issued in May 2018, are fully and unconditionally guaranteed on a senior subordinated basis by TD Group, TransDigm Inc. and all of TransDigm Inc.’s Domestic Restricted Subsidiaries. F-56 TRANSDIGM GROUP INCORPORATED CONSOLIDATING BALANCE SHEET AS OF SEPTEMBER 30, 2019 (Amounts in thousands) TransDigm Group TransDigm Inc. Transdigm UK Subsidiary Guarantors Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries Eliminations Total Consolidated ASSETS CURRENT ASSETS: Cash and cash equivalents . . . . . . . . . $ 29 $ 1,092,209 $ 280 $ (12,263) $ 387,231 $ — $ 1,467,486 Trade accounts receivable—Net . . . . . Inventories—Net . . . . . . Assets held-for-sale . . . . Prepaid expenses and other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total current — — — — — 52,291 — 27,175 — — — — 172,099 879,681 206,419 895,504 315,966 755,710 — 1,067,603 1,232,649 962,129 (15,289) — 45,220 62,985 — 135,380 assets . . . . . . . . . 29 1,171,675 280 1,291,156 2,417,396 (15,289) 4,865,247 INVESTMENT IN SUBSIDIARIES AND INTERCOMPANY BALANCES . . . . . . . . . . . PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT—NET . . . . . GOODWILL . . . . . . . . . . . . . OTHER INTANGIBLE (2,894,934) 14,729,513 974,663 16,373,195 6,898,707 (36,081,144) — — — 16,971 82,924 — — 513,337 5,544,529 226,449 2,192,650 — 756,757 — 7,820,103 — 2,743,820 ASSETS—NET . . . . . . . . . OTHER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68,804 — TOTAL ASSETS . . . . . . . . . . $(2,894,905) $16,031,891 $974,943 $25,820,092 $12,419,143 $(36,096,433) $16,254,731 2,063,944 33,931 654,432 29,509 25,444 5,364 — — — — LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT) CURRENT LIABILITIES: Current portion of long- term debt . . . . . . . . . . $ — $ 75,688 $ — $ 1,020 $ 3,505 $ — $ 80,213 Short-term borrowings— trade receivable securitization facility . . . . . . . . . . . . Accounts payable . . . . . . Accrued liabilities . . . . . Liabilities held-for-sale . . . . . . . . Total current liabilities . . . . . . . LONG-TERM DEBT . . . . . . DEFERRED INCOME TAXES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . OTHER NON-CURRENT LIABILITIES . . . . . . . . . . . Total liabilities . . . . TD GROUP STOCKHOLDERS’ (DEFICIT) EQUITY . . . . . NONCONTROLLING — — — — — 16,517 215,562 — — 12,892 — 160,793 237,026 349,519 99,280 210,215 — — 22,306 134,433 — — — — 349,519 276,590 675,695 156,739 — 307,767 — 15,893,314 12,892 491,331 421,145 49,240 796,952 35,336 — 1,538,756 — 16,469,221 — — — 315,262 — 16,516,343 — — 504,223 346,456 94,361 — 440,817 232,520 1,049,361 143,238 1,069,887 — 691,020 — 19,139,814 (2,894,905) (484,452) 470,720 24,770,731 11,339,434 (36,096,433) (2,894,905) INTEREST . . . . . . . . . . . . . — — — — 9,822 — 9,822 TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ (DEFICIT) EQUITY . . . . . $(2,894,905) $16,031,891 $974,943 $25,820,092 $12,419,143 $(36,096,433) $16,254,731 F-57 TRANSDIGM GROUP INCORPORATED CONSOLIDATING BALANCE SHEET AS OF SEPTEMBER 30, 2018 (Amounts in thousands) TransDigm Group TransDigm Inc. TransDigm UK Subsidiary Guarantors Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries Eliminations Total Consolidated ASSETS CURRENT ASSETS: Cash and cash equivalents . . . . . . . . . . . $ 389 $ 1,821,437 $ 125 $ (1,763) $ 252,829 $ — $ 2,073,017 Trade accounts receivable—Net . . . . . . . Inventories—Net . . . . . . . . Prepaid expenses and other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . — — — — 45,262 16,231 — — — 40,916 648,574 663,394 115,913 — (4,457) 704,310 805,292 47,020 11,417 — 74,668 Total current assets . . 389 1,882,930 125 734,747 1,043,553 (4,457) 3,657,287 INVESTMENT IN SUBSIDIARIES AND INTERCOMPANY BALANCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT—NET . . . . . . GOODWILL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS—NET . . . . . . . . . . . OTHER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (1,808,860) 10,459,497 1,099,886 8,928,726 2,160,236 (20,839,485) — — — — — 15,562 97,002 31,362 104,633 — — — — 319,567 5,466,148 1,514,983 29,805 53,204 660,140 242,059 5,715 — — — — 388,333 6,223,290 1,788,404 140,153 TOTAL ASSETS . . . . . . . . . . . $(1,808,471) $12,590,986 $1,100,011 $16,993,976 $4,164,907 $(20,843,942) $12,197,467 LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT) CURRENT LIABILITIES: Current portion of long- term debt . . . . . . . . . . . . $ — $ 75,817 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 75,817 Short-term borrowings— trade receivable securitization facility . . . Accounts payable . . . . . . . . Accrued liabilities . . . . . . . Total current liabilities . . . . . . . . LONG-TERM DEBT . . . . . . . . DEFERRED INCOME TAXES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . OTHER NON-CURRENT LIABILITIES . . . . . . . . . . . . — — — — 18,470 118,600 — — 13,274 — 115,735 162,618 — 212,887 — 12,011,166 13,274 490,780 278,353 — 299,519 39,398 56,951 395,868 — — — 345,357 77,573 — — (2,329) 56,468 104,829 380,853 21,712 474,048 — — — 299,519 173,603 351,443 — 900,382 — 12,501,946 — — 399,496 204,114 — 14,005,938 Total liabilities . . . . . . — 12,646,983 504,054 TD GROUP STOCKHOLDERS’ (DEFICIT) EQUITY . . . . . . . NONCONTROLLING (1,808,471) (55,997) 595,957 16,613,123 3,690,859 (20,843,942) (1,808,471) INTEREST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . — — — — — — — TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ (DEFICIT) EQUITY . . . . . . . $(1,808,471) $12,590,986 $1,100,011 $16,993,976 $4,164,907 $(20,843,942) $12,197,467 F-58 TRANSDIGM GROUP INCORPORATED CONSOLIDATING STATEMENT OF INCOME AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME FOR THE YEAR ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2019 (Amounts in thousands) TransDigm Group TransDigm Inc. TransDigm UK Subsidiary Guarantors Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries Eliminations Total Consolidated NET SALES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ COST OF SALES . . . . . . . . . . . . — $ — 186,360 $ 109,414 — $4,103,848 — 1,771,217 $1,105,379 705,685 $ (172,384) $5,223,203 (172,384) 2,413,932 GROSS PROFIT . . . . . . . . . . . . . SELLING AND ADMINISTRATIVE EXPENSES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AMORTIZATION OF INTANGIBLE ASSETS . . . . . (LOSS) INCOME FROM OPERATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . INTEREST EXPENSE (INCOME)—NET . . . . . . . . . . REFINANCING COSTS . . . . . . . OTHER (INCOME) EXPENSE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EQUITY IN INCOME OF — — — — — — — 76,946 — 2,332,631 399,694 — 2,809,271 258,465 14 348,928 140,366 925 — 98,868 35,159 — — 747,773 134,952 (182,444) (14) 1,884,835 224,169 — 1,926,546 855,325 2,745 35,420 268 (11,638) — (19,354) — (71,003) 89,539 (590,135) 572,514 — — — 859,753 3,013 915 — SUBSIDIARIES . . . . . . . . . . . (889,770) (1,866,584) — — — 2,756,354 INCOME (LOSS) FROM CONTINUING OPERATIONS BEFORE INCOME TAXES . . . . . . . . . . INCOME TAX PROVISION . . . INCOME (LOSS) FROM CONTINUING OPERATIONS INCLUDING NONCONTROLLING INTERESTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (LOSS) INCOME FROM DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS, NET OF TAX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NET INCOME (LOSS) INCLUDING NONCONTROLLING INTERESTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NET INCOME ATTRIBUTABLE TO NONCONTROLLING INTERESTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NET INCOME (LOSS) 889,770 897,073 — — (125,241) 2,486,608 187,331 — (328,991) 34,655 (2,756,354) 1,062,865 221,986 — 889,770 897,073 (125,241) 2,299,277 (363,646) (2,756,354) 840,879 — (7,303) — — 57,735 — 50,432 889,770 889,770 (125,241) 2,299,277 (305,911) (2,756,354) 891,311 — — — — (1,541) — (1,541) ATTRIBUTABLE TO TD GROUP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 889,770 $ 889,770 $(125,241) $2,299,277 $ (307,452) $(2,756,354) $ 889,770 OTHER COMPREHENSIVE (LOSS) INCOME, NET OF TAX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . TOTAL COMPREHENSIVE (383,081) (278,353) — 10,204 (147,493) 415,642 (383,081) INCOME (LOSS) . . . . . . . . . . $ 506,689 $ 611,417 $(125,241) $2,309,481 $ (454,945) $(2,340,712) $ 506,689 F-59 TRANSDIGM GROUP INCORPORATED CONSOLIDATING STATEMENT OF INCOME AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME FOR THE YEAR ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2018 (Amounts in thousands) TransDigm Group TransDigm Inc. TransDigm UK Subsidiary Guarantors Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries Eliminations Total Consolidated NET SALES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ COST OF SALES . . . . . . . . . . . . — $ — 163,348 94,387 $ — $3,118,032 1,253,018 — $610,688 367,153 $ (80,942) $3,811,126 (80,942) 1,633,616 GROSS PROFIT . . . . . . . . . . . . . SELLING AND ADMINISTRATIVE EXPENSES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AMORTIZATION OF INTANGIBLE ASSETS . . . . . (LOSS) INCOME FROM OPERATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . INTEREST EXPENSE (INCOME)—NET . . . . . . . . . . REFINANCING COSTS . . . . . . OTHER (INCOME) EXPENSE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EQUITY IN INCOME OF — — — — — — — 68,961 — 1,865,014 243,535 — 2,177,510 110,405 1,261 (42,705) — — — 425,736 (86,465) 62,915 8,278 — — 449,676 72,454 1,376,363 321,722 — 1,655,380 678,155 6,300 6,943 96 1,308 — (23,398) — (1,718) (156,284) 158,421 — — — — — 663,008 6,396 419 — SUBSIDIARIES . . . . . . . . . . . (957,062) (1,306,511) — — 2,263,573 INCOME (LOSS) FROM CONTINUING OPERATIONS BEFORE INCOME TAXES . . . . . . . . . . INCOME TAX PROVISION . . . INCOME (LOSS) FROM CONTINUING OPERATIONS INCLUDING NONCONTROLLING INTERESTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . LOSS FROM DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS, NET OF TAX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NET INCOME (LOSS) INCLUDING NONCONTROLLING INTERESTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NET INCOME ATTRIBUTABLE TO NONCONTROLLING INTERESTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NET INCOME (LOSS) 957,062 — 581,069 (375,993) (7,039) — 1,531,339 379,665 186,699 20,349 (2,263,573) — 985,557 24,021 957,062 957,062 (7,039) 1,151,674 166,350 (2,263,573) 961,536 — — — (2,427) (2,047) — (4,474) 957,062 957,062 (7,039) 1,149,247 164,303 (2,263,573) 957,062 — — — — — — — ATTRIBUTABLE TO TD GROUP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 957,062 $ 957,062 $(7,039) $1,149,247 $164,303 $(2,263,573) $ 957,062 OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS), NET OF TAX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . TOTAL COMPREHENSIVE 89,243 95,076 — 8,491 (17,837) (85,730) 89,243 INCOME (LOSS) . . . . . . . . . . $1,046,305 $ 1,052,138 $(7,039) $1,157,738 $146,466 $(2,349,303) $1,046,305 F-60 TRANSDIGM GROUP INCORPORATED CONSOLIDATING STATEMENT OF INCOME AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME FOR THE YEAR ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2017 (Amounts in thousands) TransDigm Group TransDigm Inc. TransDigm UK Subsidiary Guarantors Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries Eliminations Total Consolidated NET SALES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ COST OF SALES . . . . . . . . . . . GROSS PROFIT . . . . . . . . . . . . SELLING AND ADMINISTRATIVE EXPENSES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AMORTIZATION OF — $ — 143,631 79,403 — 64,228 69 99,558 INTANGIBLE ASSETS . . . . — 1,003 $— — — — — (LOSS) INCOME FROM $2,911,950 1,191,770 $535,129 333,985 $ (86,424) $3,504,286 (85,499) 1,519,659 1,720,180 201,144 (925) 1,984,627 277,083 35,845 80,053 8,170 — — 412,555 89,226 OPERATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . (69) (36,333) — 1,363,044 157,129 (925) 1,482,846 INTEREST EXPENSE (INCOME)—NET . . . . . . . . REFINANCING COSTS . . . . . OTHER (INCOME) EXPENSE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EQUITY IN INCOME OF — — — 614,353 39,807 — — (1,248) — (10,516) — (1,881) — 7,736 (2,835) — — — 602,589 39,807 3,020 SUBSIDIARIES . . . . . . . . . . (596,956) (1,318,945) — — — 1,915,901 — INCOME (LOSS) FROM CONTINUING OPERATIONS BEFORE INCOME TAXES . . . . . . . . . INCOME TAX 596,887 630,333 PROVISION . . . . . . . . . . . . . — 33,377 — — 1,356,556 170,480 (1,916,826) 837,430 156,251 19,261 — 208,889 INCOME (LOSS) FROM CONTINUING OPERATIONS INCLUDING NONCONTROLLING INTERESTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . LOSS FROM DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS, NET OF TAX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NET INCOME (LOSS) INCLUDING NONCONTROLLING INTERESTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . NET INCOME ATTRIBUTABLE TO NONCONTROLLING INTERESTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . NET INCOME (LOSS) 596,887 596,956 — 1,200,305 151,219 (1,916,826) 628,541 — — — (9,496) (22,158) — (31,654) 596,887 596,956 — 1,190,809 129,061 (1,916,826) 596,887 — — — — — — — ATTRIBUTABLE TO TD GROUP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 596,887 $ 596,956 $— $1,190,809 $129,061 $(1,916,826) $ 596,887 OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS), NET OF TAX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . TOTAL COMPREHENSIVE 64,644 31,603 — 16,310 58,856 (106,769) 64,644 INCOME (LOSS) . . . . . . . . . $ 661,531 $ 628,559 $— $1,207,119 $187,917 $(2,023,595) $ 661,531 F-61 TRANSDIGM GROUP INCORPORATED CONSOLIDATING STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS FOR THE YEAR ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2019 (Amounts in thousands) TransDigm Group TransDigm Inc. TransDigm UK Subsidiary Guarantors Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries Eliminations Total Consolidated NET CASH (USED IN) PROVIDED BY OPERATING ACTIVITIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ INVESTING ACTIVITIES: Capital expenditures, net of disposals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Payments made in connection with acquisitions . . . . . . . . . . . Proceeds in connection with sale of discontinued operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . Net cash used in investing activities . . . . . . . . . . FINANCING ACTIVITIES: Intercompany activities . . . . Proceeds from exercise of stock options . . . . . . . . . . Special dividends and dividend equivalent payments . . . . . . . . . . . . . Repayment on term loans . . Proceeds from senior secured notes due 2026, net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Proceeds from senior subordinated notes, net . . Cash tender and redemption of senior subordinated notes due 2020 . . . . . . . . . Proceeds from trade receivable securitization facility, net . . . . . . . . . . . . Financing fees and other . . . Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities . . . . . . . . . . EFFECT OF EXCHANGE RATE CHANGES ON CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS . . . . . . . . . . . NET (DECREASE) INCREASE IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS . . . . . . . . . . . CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, BEGINNING OF PERIOD . . . CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, END OF PERIOD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ — $ (868,208) $(249,794) $ 2,449,925 $(327,283) $ 10,832 $ 1,015,472 — (3,608) — (3,923,850) — 188,766 — — — (97,220) (763) — (101,591) (52,305) — — — — (3,976,155) — 188,766 — (3,738,692) — (149,525) (763) — (3,888,980) 1,629,984 21,960 250,986 (2,310,900) 418,802 (10,832) — 81,875 — (1,712,219) — — (76,428) — 3,935,567 — 544,248 — (550,000) — — — — — — — — — 2,325 — (1,037) — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 49,423 (2,401) — — — — — — — — 81,875 (1,712,219) (76,428) 3,935,567 544,248 (550,000) 49,423 (1,113) (360) 3,877,672 249,949 (2,310,900) 465,824 (10,832) 2,271,353 — — — — (3,376) (360) (729,228) 155 (10,500) 134,402 389 1,821,437 125 (1,763) 252,829 — — — (3,376) (605,531) 2,073,017 29 $ 1,092,209 $ 280 $ (12,263) $ 387,231 $ — $ 1,467,486 F-62 TRANSDIGM GROUP INCORPORATED CONSOLIDATING STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS FOR THE YEAR ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2018 (Amounts in thousands) TransDigm Group TransDigm Inc. TransDigm UK Subsidiary Guarantors Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries Eliminations Total Consolidated NET CASH (USED IN) PROVIDED BY OPERATING ACTIVITIES . . . . . . . . . . . . $ — $ INVESTING ACTIVITIES: (386,152) $ 6,598 $ 1,216,263 $ 183,290 $ 2,174 $ 1,022,173 Capital expenditures, net of disposals . . . . . . . . . Payments made in connection with acquisitions . . . . . . . . . Proceeds in connection with sale of discontinued operations . . . . . . . . . . Net cash used in investing activities . . . . . . . FINANCING ACTIVITIES: Intercompany activities . . . . . . . . . . . Proceeds from exercise of stock options . . . . . . . . Special dividends and dividend equivalent payments . . . . . . . . . . . Proceeds from term loans, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . net Repayment on term loans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Proceeds from senior subordinated notes, net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Financing fees and other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities . . . . . . . EFFECT OF EXCHANGE RATE CHANGES ON CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS . . . . . . . . . NET (DECREASE) INCREASE IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS . . . CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, BEGINNING OF PERIOD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, END OF PERIOD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ — — — — (2,001) (667,619) 57,383 (612,237) — — — — (61,896) (9,444) — — — — (61,896) (9,444) — — — — (73,341) (667,619) 57,383 (683,577) (3,462) 1,785,796 (496,081) (1,155,927) (128,152) (2,174) — 57,583 (56,148) — — — 12,779,694 — (12,174,305) — — — — — — — 489,608 (10,832) — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 57,583 (56,148) 12,779,694 (12,174,305) 489,608 (10,832) (2,027) 2,380,353 (6,473) (1,155,927) (128,152) (2,174) 1,085,600 — — — — (1,740) (2,027) 1,381,964 125 (1,560) 43,954 2,416 439,473 — (203) 208,875 — — — (1,740) 1,422,456 650,561 389 $ 1,821,437 $ 125 $ (1,763) $ 252,829 $ — $ 2,073,017 F-63 TRANSDIGM GROUP INCORPORATED CONSOLIDATING STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS FOR THE YEAR ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2017 (Amounts in thousands) TransDigm Group TransDigm Inc. TransDigm UK Subsidiary Guarantors Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries Eliminations Total Consolidated NET CASH (USED IN) PROVIDED BY OPERATING ACTIVITIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ INVESTING ACTIVITIES: Capital expenditures, net of disposals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Payments made in connection with acquisitions . . . . . . . . . Net cash used in investing activities . . . . . . . . . . . FINANCING ACTIVITIES: Intercompany activities . . . . . . Proceeds from exercise of stock options . . . . . . . . . . . . Special dividends and dividend equivalent payments . . . . . . Treasury stock purchased . . . . Proceeds from term loan, net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Repayment on term loans . . . . Proceeds from senior subordinated notes, net . . . . Cash tender and redemption of senior subordinated notes due 2021, including premium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Proceeds from trade receivable . . securitization facility, net Financing fees and other . . . . . Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities . . . . . . . . . . . EFFECT OF EXCHANGE RATE CHANGES ON CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS . . . . . . . NET (DECREASE) INCREASE IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, BEGINNING OF PERIOD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, END OF PERIOD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ (69) $ (587,800) $— $ 1,334,099 $ 42,028 $ 475 $ 788,733 — — — (1,984) — (63,305) (5,724) (215,990) — — — (217,974) — (63,305) (5,724) — — — (71,013) (215,990) (287,003) 2,939,121 (1,682,518) — (1,279,805) 23,677 (475) — 21,177 (2,581,552) (389,821) — — — — — — — 2,937,773 — — (1,284,698) — — 300,386 — — — — (528,847) — — 99,471 (17,571) — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 21,177 (2,581,552) (389,821) 2,937,773 (1,284,698) 300,386 (528,847) 99,471 (17,571) (11,075) (176,004) — (1,279,805) 23,677 (475) (1,443,682) — — — — 5,519 (11,144) (981,778) — (9,011) 65,500 13,560 1,421,251 — 8,808 143,375 — — — 5,519 (936,433) 1,586,994 2,416 $ 439,473 $— $ (203) $208,875 $ — $ 650,561 ***** F-64 TRANSDIGM GROUP INCORPORATED VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS FOR THE YEARS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2019, 2018, AND 2017 (Amounts in Thousands) Column A Description Column B Balance at Beginning of Period Column C Additions Column D Charged to Costs and Expenses Acquisitions Deductions from Reserve(1) Column E Balance at End of Period Year Ended September 30, 2019 Allowance for uncollectible accounts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Inventory valuation reserves . . . . . . . . Valuation allowance for deferred tax $ 4,674 99,351 $ 5,377 17,148 $ 9,417 16,980 $ (2,066) (9,676) $ 17,402 123,803 assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47,249 39,651 30,760 — 117,660 Year Ended September 30, 2018 Allowance for uncollectible accounts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 3,819 $ 1,498 $ 989 $ (1,632) $ 4,674 Reserve for excess and obsolete inventory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79,775 14,998 10,764 (11,039) 94,498 Valuation allowance for deferred tax assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33,214 14,035 — — 47,249 Year Ended September 30, 2017 Allowance for uncollectible accounts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 4,414 $ 1,095 $ 363 $ (2,053) $ 3,819 Reserve for excess and obsolete inventory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80,039 17,361 4,254 (21,879) 79,775 Valuation allowance for deferred tax assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27,286 5,928 — — 33,214 (1) The amounts in this column represent charge-offs net of recoveries and the impact of foreign currency translation adjustments. F-65 [THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK] EXHIBIT INDEX TO FORM 10-K FOR THE YEAR ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2019 DESCRIPTION Certificate of Formation, as amended, of Esterline Georgia US LLC (now known as TREALITY SVS LLC) Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement of TREALITY SVS LLC Amended and Restated Certificate of Formation, as amended, of Esterline Federal LLC (now known as ScioTeq LLC) Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement of ScioTeq LLC Certificate of Incorporation of TDG ESL Holdings Inc. By-laws of TDG ESL Holdings Inc. Form of Supplemental Indenture to Add New Guarantors Description of Securities Form of Stock Option Agreement for options awarded in fiscal 2019* Eleventh Amendment to the Receivables Purchase Agreement dated as of July 30, 2019, among TransDigm Receivables LLC, TransDigm Inc., PNC Bank, National Association, as a Committed Purchaser, as Purchaser Agent for its Purchaser Group and as Administrator, Atlantic Asset Securitization LLC, as a Conduit Purchaser, Credit Agricole Corporate and Investment Bank, as a Committed Purchaser and as a Purchaser Agent for its and Atlantic’s Purchaser Group, and Fifth Third Bank, as a Committed Purchaser and as Purchaser Agent for its Purchaser Group Subsidiaries of TransDigm Group Incorporated Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm Certification by Principal Executive Officer of TransDigm Group Incorporated pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) or 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. Certification by Principal Financial Officer of TransDigm Group Incorporated pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) or 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. Certification by Principal Executive Officer of TransDigm Group Incorporated pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. Certification by Principal Financial Officer of TransDigm Group Incorporated pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. Financial Statements and Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements formatted in XBRL. Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document) EXHIBIT NO. 3.190 3.191 3.192 3.193 3.226 3.227 4.10 4.19 10.26 10.49 21.1 23.1 31.1 31.2 32.1 32.2 101 104 * Indicates management contract or compensatory plan contract or arrangement. ) 0 5 ( 4 2 3 — — — — — ) 0 2 ( — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — D E N I F E D S A A D T I B E O T E M O C N I T E N F O N O I T A I L I C N O C E R 9 1 0 2 8 1 0 2 7 1 0 2 6 1 0 2 5 1 0 2 4 1 0 2 3 1 0 2 2 1 0 2 1 1 0 2 0 1 0 2 9 0 0 2 8 0 0 2 7 0 0 2 6 0 0 2 5 0 0 2 4 0 0 2 3 0 0 2 2 0 0 2 1 0 0 2 0 0 0 2 9 9 9 1 8 9 9 1 7 9 9 1 6 9 9 1 1 9 8 $ 7 5 9 $ 7 9 5 $ 6 8 5 $ 7 4 4 $ 7 0 3 $ 3 0 3 $ 5 2 3 $ 2 7 1 $ 3 6 1 $ 3 6 1 $ 3 3 1 $ 9 8 $ 5 2 $ 5 3 $ 4 1 $ ) 6 7 ( $ 1 3 $ 4 1 $ 1 1 $ ) 7 1 ( $ 4 1 $ 3 $ 1 $ . . . ) s n o i l l i m n i ( s s o l ) e m o c n i ( s s e L ) s s o l ( e m o c n i t e N 6 2 2 0 6 8 2 2 2 — — 0 3 1 3 6 6 4 2 — — 1 4 1 2 0 6 9 0 2 — — 2 2 1 4 8 4 2 8 1 — — 4 9 9 1 4 9 8 1 — — 3 — 9 6 1 6 — 9 2 0 4 — 1 3 6 1 — 8 5 8 1 — 7 3 9 4 1 , 2 8 7 7 , 1 1 8 5 , 1 4 7 3 , 1 9 4 1 , 1 6 9 8 4 3 2 4 1 — — 3 9 8 2 3 1 — 1 2 3 7 8 6 1 6 0 3 8 2 1 7 2 2 1 2 5 8 1 2 1 1 4 8 6 4 1 3 6 1 7 7 8 8 8 8 5 2 3 9 4 7 4 2 2 9 3 5 — — 3 9 7 — 0 3 — — 8 6 7 — — — — 5 7 4 — 2 7 — — — — — — — — 3 9 3 3 6 3 5 2 3 8 5 2 — — — — — — — — 6 1 7 7 6 1 — — 4 3 1 — 9 4 7 1 0 8 3 2 8 1 5 7 0 1 3 4 3 1 7 3 9 7 6 2 3 8 2 3 2 7 3 6 ) 5 4 ( 7 1 9 8 ) 2 ( 3 1 — — — — 5 5 1 3 1 1 — — — — ) 8 6 ( 6 7 1 — — — — — — — — — 8 9 4 6 4 5 — — — — — — — — 0 1 0 4 — 7 — 4 4 4 2 7 1 — — — — — — 3 9 9 5 6 4 8 4 2 3 6 2 9 4 2 2 3 1 7 6 6 6 5 5 3 1 ) 1 ( ) 2 ( 1 2 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 2 3 1 6 — 7 6 1 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — . . . . n o i t a s n e p m o c . . . . . . l a i c e p s . s t s o c e m i t - e n O d e r r e f e d — . . . . . . . . . . s u n o b — . . . . . . . . . s e g r a h c g n i r r u c e r n o n r e h t O g n i r e f f o c i l b u P — . . . . . . . . . . . s t s o c s A A D T I B E d n a n o i t a s n e p m o c h s a c - n o N 9 1 0 2 8 1 0 2 7 1 0 2 6 1 0 2 5 1 0 2 E M O C N I T E N D E T S U J D A O T S N O I T A R E P O G N I U N I T N O C M O R F E M O C N I T E N F O N O I T A I L I C N O C E R 9 1 4 , 2 $ 7 7 8 , 1 $ 1 1 7 , 1 $ 5 9 4 , 1 $ 4 3 2 , 1 $ 3 7 0 , 1 $ 0 0 9 $ 9 0 8 $ 0 9 5 $ 2 1 4 $ 5 7 3 $ 3 3 3 $ 5 7 2 $ 4 9 1 $ 4 6 1 $ 9 3 1 $ 4 2 1 $ 8 9 $ 2 7 $ 4 5 $ 1 5 $ 4 4 $ 5 2 $ 7 1 $ . . . . . . . . . d e n i f e D 1 4 8 0 7 2 9 3 ) 2 2 1 ( ) 4 7 ( 4 9 9 3 2 0 3 1 ) 5 9 ( 9 1 1 2 1 ) 1 8 ( 5 4 8 ) 6 2 ( ) s n o i l l i m n i ( $ 2 6 9 $ 9 2 6 $ 6 8 5 $ 7 4 4 $ 8 2 0 , 1 $ 1 9 9 $ 7 8 6 $ 5 4 6 $ 0 1 5 $ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . s n o i t a r e p o g n i u n i t n o c m o r f e m o c n i t e N d e n i f e D s a A D T I B E o t A D T I B E m o r f s t n e m t s u j d a s s o r G . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . n o i t a z i t r o m a g o l k c a b g n i t n u o c c a e s a h c r u P . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . t n e m t s u j d a x a T e m o c n i t e n d e t s u j d A 6 2 9 1 0 3 2 1 6 2 9 1 2 0 2 5 1 — 8 — 1 — 1 — . . . . . . . . . . . s t s o c 6 3 5 5 2 7 5 2 2 — . . . . . . . s n o i t a r e p o d e u n i t n o c s i d m o r f . . . . . . . . . e s n e p x e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . t e n . . . . . . . ) t i f e n e b ( n o i s i v o r p x a t e m o c n I , e s n e p x e t s e r e t n I . . . . . . . . . t n e m t s u j d a m e t i y r a n i d r o a r t x E e u l a v t u p t n a r r a W . . . . . . . . . . . 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