TriNet Group
Annual Report 2014

Plain-text annual report

TRINET GROUP INC FORM 10-K (Annual Report) Filed 03/30/15 for the Period Ending 12/31/14 Address Telephone CIK Symbol SIC Code Industry Sector Fiscal Year 1100 SAN LEANDRO BLVD., STE. 300 SAN LEANDRO, CA 94577 5103525000 0000937098 TNET 7389 - Business Services, Not Elsewhere Classified Business Services Services 12/31 http://www.edgar-online.com © Copyright 2015, EDGAR Online, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Distribution and use of this document restricted under EDGAR Online, Inc. Terms of Use.  UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION Washington, D.C. 20549 FORM 10-K (Mark One) For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2014 OR FOR THE TRANSITION PERIOD FROM TO Commission File Number 001-36373 TRINET GROUP, INC. (Exact name of Registrant as specified in its Charter) Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (510) 352-5000 Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: Common Stock, Par Value $0.000025 Per Share; Common stock traded on the New York Stock Exchange. Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None Indicate by check mark if the Registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. YES (cid:1) NO  Indicate by check mark if the Registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Act. YES (cid:1) NO  Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. YES  NO (cid:1) Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to submit and post such files). YES  NO (cid:1) Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (§229.405) is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of Registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K.  Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definition of “large accelerated filer”, “accelerated filer”, and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one): Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). YES (cid:1) NO  The aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates of the Registrant, based on the closing price of the shares of common stock on The New York Stock Exchange on June 30, 2014, was $537,714,485. The number of shares of Registrant’s Common Stock outstanding as of March 18, 2015 was 70,672,600. Portions of the Registrant’s Definitive Proxy Statement relating to the Annual Meeting of Stockholders, scheduled to be held on May 21, 2015, are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Report.  ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 (cid:1) TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 Delaware 95-3359658 ( State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) 1100 San Leandro Blvd., Suite 400 San Leandro, CA 94577 (Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code) Large accelerated filer (cid:1) Accelerated filer (cid:1) Non-accelerated filer  (Do not check if a smaller reporting company) Smaller reporting company (cid:1) TriNet, Inc. Form 10-K – Annual Report For the Fiscal Year End December 31, 2014 TABLE OF CONTENTS 2 PART I Item 1. Business 3 Item 1A. Risk Factors 12 Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments 25 Item 2. Properties 26 Item 3. Legal Proceedings 26 Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures 26 PART II Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities 27 Item 6. Selected Financial Data 30 Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations 34 Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure about Market Risk 54 Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data 55 Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure 86 Item 9A. Controls and Procedures 86 Item 9B. Other Information 87 PART III Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance 88 Item 11. Executive Compensation 88 Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters 88 Item 13. Certain Relationships, Related Transactions and Director Independence 88 Item 14. Principal Accounting Fees and Services 88 PART IV Item 15. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules 89 SIGNATURES 90 SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS This report contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act. Forward-looking statements are often identified by the use of words such as, but not limited to, “anticipate,” “believe,” “can,” “continue,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “may,” “plan,” “project,” “seek,” “should,” “strategy,” “target,” “will,” “would” and similar expressions or variations intended to identify forward-looking statements. These statements are not guarantees of future performance, but are based on management’s expectations as of the date of this report and assumptions that are inherently subject to uncertainties, risks and changes in circumstances that are difficult to predict. Forward-looking statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results, performance or achievements. Important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, those identified below and those discussed in the section titled “Risk Factors” included under Part I, Item 1A below. All information provided in this report is as of the date of this report and we undertake no duty to update this information except as required by law. PART I Item 1. Business Company Overview TriNet is a leading provider of a comprehensive human resources solution for small to medium-sized businesses, or SMBs. We enhance business productivity by enabling our clients to outsource their HR function to one strategic partner and allowing them to focus on operating and growing their core businesses. Our HR solution includes services such as payroll processing, human capital consulting, employment law compliance and employee benefits, including health insurance, retirement plans and workers compensation insurance. Our services are delivered by our expert team of HR professionals and enabled by our proprietary, cloud-based technology platform, which allows our clients and their employees to efficiently conduct their HR transactions anytime and anywhere. We believe we are a leader in the industry due to our size, our presence in the United States and Canada and the number of clients and employees that we serve. We utilize a co-employment model pursuant to which both we and our clients become employers of our clients’ employees, which we refer to as worksite employees, or WSEs. This model affords us a close and embedded relationship with our clients and their employees. Under the co-employment model, employment-related liabilities are contractually allocated between us and our clients. We assume responsibility for, and manage the risks associated with, each clients’ employee payroll obligations, including the liability for payment of salaries and wages to each client employee, the payment of payroll taxes and, at the client’s option, responsibility for providing group health, welfare, workers compensation and retirement benefits to such individuals. Unlike a payroll service provider, we issue each WSE a payroll check drawn on our bank accounts and contract with insurance carriers to provide health and workers compensation insurance to WSEs under TriNet’s name. We serve thousands of clients in specific industry vertical markets, including technology, life sciences, property management, professional services, banking and financial services, retail, manufacturing and hospitality services, as well as non-profit entities. As of December 31, 2014, we served over 10,000 clients in all 50 states, the District of Columbia and Canada and co-employed approximately 288,000 WSEs. In 2014, we processed over $25 billion in payroll and payroll tax payments for our clients. Our total revenues consist of professional service revenues and insurance service revenues. For 2014 and 2013, 16% and 17% of our total revenues, respectively, consisted of professional service revenues, and 84% and 83% of our total revenues, respectively, consisted of insurance service revenues. We earn professional service revenues by processing HR transactions, such as payroll and employment tax withholding, and providing labor and benefit law compliance services, on behalf of our clients. We earn insurance service revenues by providing risk-based, third-party plans to our clients, primarily employee health benefit plans and workers compensation insurance. For professional service revenues, we recognize as revenues the fees we earn for processing HR transactions, which fees do not include the payroll that is paid to us by the client and paid out to WSEs or remitted as taxes. We recognize as insurance service revenues all insurance-related billings and administrative fees collected from clients and withheld from WSEs for risk-based insurance plans provided through third-party insurance carriers, primarily employee health insurance and workers compensation insurance. We in turn pay premiums to third-party insurance carriers for these insurance benefits, as well as reimburse them for claim payments within our insurance deductible layer. These premiums and reimbursements are classified as insurance costs on our statements of operations. To augment our financial information prepared in accordance with GAAP, we use internally a non-GAAP financial measure, Net Insurance Service Revenues, which consists of insurance service revenues less insurance costs. We also use a measure of total non-GAAP revenue, or Net Service Revenues, which is the sum of professional service revenues and Net Insurance Service Revenues. For 2014, 67% of our Net Service Revenues consisted of professional service revenues and 33% of our Net Service Revenues consisted of Net Insurance Service Revenues. 3 We have grown our business organically and through strategic acquisitions. For 2014, 2013 and 2012, our total revenues were $2.2 billion, $1.6 billion, and $1.0 billion respectively, Net Service Revenues were $507.2 million, $417.7 million and $269.0 million, respectively, and our net income was $15.5 million, $13.1 million and $31.8 million, respectively. For 2014, 2013 and 2012, our Adjusted Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation and Amortization or Adjusted EBITDA was $165.3 million, $136.0 million and $95.4 million, respectively. We conduct our business primarily in the United States, and all of our clients are U.S. employers. However, we provide services with respect to certain of our clients’ employees in Canada. The percentage of our total revenues attributable to WSEs in Canada was less than 1% for each of 2014, 2013 and 2012. Our Services We provide a comprehensive suite of core HR services that allows our clients to outsource their HR function. We also provide a set of strategic services to support and enhance each stage of our clients’ growth. Our services are supported by our network of HR experts and integrated through a single-sign-on, proprietary, cloud-based SaaS platform, designed so that our clients have access to big-company benefits, excellent service and a scalable HR infrastructure. The following diagram depicts the services that we offer: Benefits Programs and Risk Management We provide benefits to our WSEs and clients under arrangements with a variety of vendors that provide employee benefit plans, workers compensation insurance and employee practices liability insurance. These agreements typically have a term of one year and generally may be terminated by either us or the insurance carrier partner on 90 days’ notice. Risk management is a core competency of our company. We leverage the insight that we have gained over our 25-year operating history as well as our robust risk management capabilities to mitigate the risks associated with providing workers compensation and employee benefit plans to our clients. Our programs are fully insured by top-rated insurance carriers, which limits our ultimate exposure or potential losses. We assess all workers compensation and medical benefits risks on an individual client basis and annually adjust pricing to reflect their current risk based on Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act or HIPAA-compliant analytics. 4 Employee Benefit Plans We sponsor a number of fully-insured employee benefit plans, including group health, dental, vision and group and individual life insurance, legal services, commuter benefits, home insurance, critical illness insurance, pet insurance and auto insurance, as an employer plan sponsor under Section 3(5) of Employee Retirement Income Security Act or ERISA. Approximately 41% of our 2014 health insurance premiums were for policies with respect to which our carriers set the premiums and for which we were not responsible for any deductible. The remainder of our health insurance premiums are for policies with respect to which we agree to reimburse our carriers for any claims that they pay within our deductible layer. Our agreements with our health insurance carriers with respect to these policies typically include limits to our exposure for individual claims, which we refer to as pooling limits, and limits to our maximum aggregate exposure for claims in a given policy year, which we refer to as stop losses. We have experienced variability in the level of our insurance claims based on the unpredictable nature of large claims. We manage the risk that we assume in connection with these policies by utilizing group risk assessments and HIPAA-compliant analytics and pricing these policies accordingly. Following our initial pricing of these policies, we analyze claims data for each client on an ongoing basis and seek to adjust our prices on each client’s annual anniversary date as appropriate. We believe that our provision of group health insurance is one of the most important employee benefits we provide to our WSEs. We provide group health insurance coverage to our WSEs through a national network of carriers including Aetna, Blue Shield of California, Blue Cross and Blue Shield of Florida, Kaiser Permanente, MetLife and United Healthcare, all of which provide fully insured policies for our WSEs. Workers Compensation Insurance We provide fully-insured workers compensation insurance coverage to our WSEs through agreements that we negotiate with our third-party insurance providers ACE, AIG, The Hartford, Lumberman’s Mutual and American Zurich Insurance Company. These agreements typically obligate us to reimburse our carriers up to $1 million per claim. We manage the risk that we assume in connection with these policies by: being selective in terms of the types of businesses that we take on as clients; performing workplace assessment, safety consultation, accident investigation and other risk management services at our client locations to help prevent claims and remediate them when they occur; and monitoring claims data and the performance of our carriers and third-party claims management services to improve our actuarial projections. Employment Practices Liability Insurance We provide employment practices liability insurance, or EPLI, through several insurance carriers, including Allied World Assurance Company, Lexington Insurance Company and Beazley. These policies provide for a per-claim deductible. For most of our clients, the deductible is split between the client and TriNet, with the client paying its deductible first. Our legal department manages all employee practices liabilities claims processing and defense, while the actual litigation defense is conducted by one of several employment law firms that we retain to assist with the cases. Our Technology Platform We have a proprietary, cloud-based technology platform that allows clients and employees real-time access to a suite of secure online HR resources. Our platform is designed to function as the core system of record for all of our clients’ HR activities and allows our clients to enjoy 24/7, ubiquitous access. Through the use of our online self-service tools, managers can effectively manage employee hiring and termination, administer employee payroll, view real-time benefits data and create compensation reports. Single-sign-on system functionality allows employees to manage their own payroll information, enroll in benefits and view paystubs, W-2s and more. Employees can also view real-time workflow data, such as requests and approvals for personal time off. As a result of our long-standing partnerships and the significant investments that we have made in our platform, our technology and benefits services partners have integrated with our platform, allowing employees to access a unified view of all of their pertinent HR information. We invest significant capital to create and offer state-of-the-art HR technology tailored to our vertical markets. Our proprietary, cloud-based platform enables us to provide our clients with the best and latest version of our software. We leverage our existing online platform to build additional products and features, including a full-service mobile platform. We maintain a proprietary, cloud-based HR information system. Our clients receive the efficiencies of an enterprise-level platform without the significant cost of in-house installation or ongoing maintenance. Features include: 5 • multi-tenant system enabling multiple clients and WSEs to share one version of our system while isolating each client’s and WSE’s data; • rule-based provisioning ensuring that all users are authenticated, authorized and validated before they can access our platform; From 2010 through 2014, we invested approximately $125.5 million in our technology platform. We plan to continue to invest to upgrade and improve our platform. Sales and Marketing We sell our solutions primarily through our direct sales organization, which consists of sales representatives, sales management and sales operations and support personnel. Our sales representatives focus on serving clients in specific vertical markets. The number of sales representatives has grown substantially in recent years, from 114 Total Sales Representatives as of December 31, 2010 to 385 Total Sales Representatives as of December 31, 2014. We recruit and hire sales professionals who have experience in a specific industry vertical market, and we also seek sales professionals with a background in selling business services such as accounting, HR or sales solutions. As of December 31, 2014, we had approximately 60 regional sales offices. We also employ a broad range of awareness and demand-generation marketing programs, including billboards, digital and print advertising, e-mail, direct mail and social media. We have an internal public relations team that works with an external agency to promote relevant content to target media outlets. We sponsor and participate in associations and events around the country and utilize these forums to target specific vertical and geographic markets. Clients We serve thousands of clients in a variety of industries, including technology, life sciences, property management, professional services, banking and financial services, retail, manufacturing and hospitality services, as well as non-profit entities. We have grown our number of clients from approximately 5,600 as of December 31, 2010 to over 10,000 clients as of December 31, 2014. We have also grown our number of WSEs from approximately 97,000 in 46 states and the District of Columbia as of December 31, 2010 to approximately 288,000 in all 50 states, the District of Columbia and Canada as of December 31, 2014. The Co-Employment Model We deliver our services through a co-employment model, pursuant to which both we and our clients are employers of our clients’ workforce. Our co-employment model affords us a close and embedded relationship with our clients and their employees. In this arrangement, we assume certain aspects of the employer/employee relationship, according to a contract between us and our client. Each of our clients enters into a client service agreement with us that defines the bundled suite of services and benefits to be provided by us, the fees payable to us, and the division of responsibilities between us and our client as co-employers. We currently co-employ employees only in the United States and Canada, but in some cases also provide payroll processing services for our clients’ employees outside these countries utilizing third-party vendors. Each of our customer services agreements has a one-year term that guarantees its pricing terms and typically may be terminated by either party upon 30 days’ prior written notice. The division of responsibilities under our client service agreements is typically as follows: TriNet Responsibilities 6 • redundant processing centers to protect client data from loss; and • integrated benefits and payroll processing for faster, more accurate data; and flexible and extensible platform architecture. • Payment to WSEs of salaries, commissions, bonuses, vacations, paid time off, sick pay, paid leaves of absence and severance payments as reported by the client, related tax reporting and remittance and processing of garnishment and wage deduction orders; • maintenance of workers compensation insurance and workers compensation claims processing; • provision and administration of employee benefits that we provide to the WSEs; • compliance with applicable law for employee benefits offered to WSEs; • processing of unemployment claims; • provision and promulgation of HR policies, including an employee handbook describing the co-employment relationship; and • HR consulting services. Client Responsibilities As a result of our co-employment relationship with each of our WSEs, we are liable for payment of salary, wages and other compensation to the WSEs as reported by the client and are responsible for providing specified employee benefits to such persons, regardless of whether the client pays the associated amounts to us. In most instances, clients are required to remit payment prior to the applicable payroll date by wire transfer or automated clearinghouse transaction. Although we are ultimately liable under the terms of our client service agreements, as the employer for payroll purposes, to pay employees for work previously performed, we are not obligated to continue to provide services to the client if payment has not been made. For the year ended December 31, 2014, our bad debt expense was approximately $1.4 million. We also assume responsibility for payment and liability for the withholding and remittance of federal and state income and employment taxes with respect to wages and salaries paid to WSEs. In the event we fail to meet these obligations, the client may be held ultimately liable for those obligations. We secure insurance to ensure that our clients are not required to be responsible for taxes in the event we fail to meet these obligations. Strategic Acquisitions We operate in a highly fragmented industry and have completed numerous strategic acquisitions over the course of the past decade. We intend to continue to pursue strategic acquisitions that will enable us to add new clients and employees to our existing business and offer our clients and their employees more comprehensive and attractive services. Our recent acquisitions are listed below: 7 • Compliance with laws associated with the classification of employees as exempt or non-exempt, such as overtime pay and minimum wage law compliance; • accurate and timely reporting to TriNet of compensation and deduction information, including information relating to salaries, commissions, bonuses, vacations, paid time off, sick pay, paid leaves of absence and severance payments; • accurate and timely reporting to TriNet of information relating to workplace injuries, employee hires and termination, and other information relevant to TriNet’s services; • provision and administration of any employee benefits not provided by TriNet (e.g., equity incentive plans); • compliance with all laws and regulations applicable to the client’s workplace and business, including work eligibility laws, laws relating to workplace safety or the environment, laws relating to family and medical leave, laws pertaining to employee organizing efforts and collective bargaining and employee termination notice requirements; and • all other matters for which TriNet does not assume responsibility under the client service agreement, such as intellectual property ownership and protection and liability for products produced and/or services provided. • In July 2013, we acquired Ambrose Employer Group, LLC, which we refer to as, Ambrose, a New York-based company that provides premium HR services primarily to WSEs in the financial services industry in the New York area. Through our acquisition of Ambrose, we acquired approximately 13,000 WSEs, approximately 1,000 clients and 12 sales representatives. • In October 2012, we acquired South Carolina-based SOI Holdings, Inc., which we refer to as, SOI, which expanded our presence in the property management and food services industry vertical markets. Through our acquisition of SOI, we acquired approximately 66,000 WSEs, approximately 1,500 clients and 92 sales representatives. • In May 2012, we acquired Los Angeles-based technology company App7, Inc., which does business under the name of, and which we refer to as, ExpenseCloud, which enabled us to enhance our technology platform with additional expense management capabilities. • In April 2012, we acquired Oklahoma-based 210 Park Avenue Holding, Inc., which does business under the name of, and which we refer to as, Accord, through which we expanded our presence in the hospitality and manufacturing industry vertical markets. Through our acquisition of Accord, we acquired approximately 14,000 WSEs, approximately 500 clients and 8 sales representatives. • In June 2009, we acquired Florida-based Gevity HR Inc., which we refer to as, Gevity, which has provided us with insurance and risk-management expertise and a national presence through its East Coast processing facility. Through our acquisition of Gevity, we acquired approximately 92,000 WSEs and approximately 6,000 clients. Following our acquisition of Gevity, we elected to change the pricing terms with certain of Gevity’s clients, terminate Gevity’s relationships with certain of its clients, significantly restructure Gevity’s and our combined sales forces and migrate all of Gevity’s WSEs to our technology platform. As a result of these actions, our revenues fell short of our expectations in 2010 and declined in 2011, and we incurred restructuring charges of $2.4 million, $5.9 million and $6.2 million in the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009, respectively. Because many of the companies we have acquired were focused on specific industries, our acquisitions have allowed us to expand our vertical service offerings into areas such as financial services, property management and food services, hospitality and manufacturing in which we did not previously have a significant presence. In addition, we have acquired sales representatives with experience in these vertical markets. Our acquisitions have provided us with additional clients and WSEs to allow us to continue to leverage our operations over a larger client base. Our Growth Strategies Our goal is to become the leading HR solutions provider to SMBs. Our strategies to achieve that goal include the following: We believe that if effectively pursued, these strategies represent opportunities for us to increase the demand for our services. We also face challenges to our growth strategy. We must be able to convince SMBs of the benefits of outsourcing their HR function, effectively execute our strategies and minimize client attrition, in addition to addressing or responding to other issues identified below under “Risk Factors.” U.S. Legal and Regulatory Environment General Numerous federal and state laws and regulations relating to employment matters, benefit plans and income and employment taxes affect our operations. Many of these laws, such as ERISA, were enacted before the development of the co-employment relationship that we use and other non-traditional employment relationships, such as temporary employment and other employment-related outsourcing arrangements. Therefore, many of these laws do not specifically address the obligations and responsibilities of our industry, the participants in which are referred to as professional employer organizations. Other federal and state laws and regulations, such as the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, are relatively new, and administrative agencies and federal and state courts have only begun to interpret and apply these regulations to our industry. The development of additional regulations and interpretation of those regulations can be expected to evolve over time. While we believe that our operations are currently in compliance in all material respects with applicable federal and state statutes and regulations, the topics discussed below summarize what we believe are the most important regulatory aspects of our business. Employer Status In order for WSEs to receive the full benefit of our benefits offerings, it is important that we constitute the “employer” of the WSEs under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 or the Code and ERISA. The definitions of “employer” under both the Code and ERISA are not clear and are defined in part by complex multi-factor tests under common law. We believe that we qualify as an 8 • Continue to Penetrate the SMB Market Using Our Vertical Market Approach. Our focus on serving clients in specific industry vertical markets has given us deep, substantive knowledge of the HR needs facing SMBs in those industries. This enables us to provide a bundled solution of services to each client that is tailored to its specific needs and better enables us to attract sales professionals with industry expertise. We intend to continue this focus on industry vertical markets. We also regularly assess additional and new industry vertical markets and intend to add them, either through acquisition or internal development, selectively based on what we believe the market opportunity is. • Expand Our Direct Sales Force. We believe that the SMB market remains significantly underpenetrated for a bundled HR solution such as ours. We intend to continue to invest in our direct sales force to enable us to identify and acquire new clients across our target vertical markets, in addition to expanding our sales force to target new vertical markets. • Grow With Our Clients by Enhancing the Breadth and Quality of Our Services. We intend to continue to expand the breadth and quality of our HR solution. We believe that this will allow us to continue to enhance the value proposition for our clients, as well as grow and retain them longer by providing additional high-quality service offerings. • Continue to Enhance Our Technology Platform. We intend to continue to invest in and improve our proprietary, cloud-based technology platform, including mobile applications, in order to provide our clients with enhanced features and functionality with which to conduct their HR transactions, manage employees and analyze employee benefits data. This may include acquiring or developing additional functionality or technology. • Continue to Grow Through Strategic Acquisitions. We have successfully completed numerous strategic acquisitions over the course of the past decade, which has allowed us to enhance and expand our presence in both existing and new target industries, as well as expand our solution and technology platform. We intend to continue to pursue strategic acquisitions that will enable us to leverage our existing assets and offer our clients more comprehensive and attractive services. “employer” of our WSEs in the United States under both the Code and ERISA, and we implement processes to protect and preserve this status. Tax Qualified Plans. In order to qualify for favorable tax treatment under the Code, certain employee benefit plans such as 401(k) retirement plans and cafeteria plans must be established and maintained by an employer for the exclusive benefit of its employees. Generally, an entity is an “employer” of certain workers for federal employment tax purposes if an employment relationship exists between the entity and the workers under the common law test of employment. The common law test of employment, as applied by the IRS, involves an examination of many factors to ascertain whether an employment relationship exists between a worker and a purported employer. Our 401(k) retirement plans are operated pursuant to guidance provided by the IRS for the operation of defined contribution plans maintained by co-employers that benefit WSEs. This guidance provides qualification standards for such plans. All of our 401(k) retirement plans have received determination letters from the IRS confirming the qualified status of the plans. The IRS 401(k) guidance and qualification requirement are not applicable to the operation of our cafeteria plans. ERISA Regulations. Employee pension and welfare benefit plans are also governed by ERISA. ERISA defines an “employer” as “any person acting directly as an employer, or indirectly in the interest of an employer, in relation to an employee benefit plan.” ERISA defines the term “employee” as “any individual employed by an employer.” The courts have held that the common law test of employment must be applied to determine whether an individual is an employee or an independent contractor under ERISA. However, in applying that test, control and supervision are less important for ERISA purposes when determining whether an employer has assumed responsibility for an individual’s benefits status. A definitive judicial interpretation of “employer” in the context of a professional employer organization has not been established, and the U.S. Department of Labor has issued guidance that certain entities in the HR outsourcing industry do not qualify as common law employers of WSEs for ERISA purposes. If we were found not to be an employer for ERISA purposes, our plans would not comply with ERISA, and fines and penalties could be imposed. In addition, our ERISA plans would not enjoy, with respect to WSEs, the full preemption of state laws provided by ERISA and could be subject to various state laws and regulation. Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act or the Act, implements sweeping health care reforms with staggered effective dates from 2010 through 2018, and many provisions in the Act require the issuance of additional guidance from the U.S. Department of Labor, the IRS, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and the states. The Act imposes a number of new mandates on the coverage required to be provided under health insurance plans beginning in 2010, with additional requirements staged in subsequent years. We believe that our group health plans comply with existing mandates. However, the guidance issued to date by the IRS and the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services have not addressed, or in some instances are unclear, as to their application in the co-employer context or whether such provisions should be applied at the client level. As a result, we are not yet able to predict all of the impacts to our business, and to our clients, resulting from the Act. State Unemployment Taxes State unemployment taxes are based on taxable wages and tax rates assigned by each state. The tax rates vary by state and are determined, in part, based on our prior years’ compensation experience in each state. Certain rates are also determined, in part, by each client’s own compensation experience. In addition, states have the ability under law to increase unemployment tax rates, including retroactively, to cover deficiencies in the unemployment tax funds. Due to the adverse U.S. economic conditions during recent years and the associated reductions in employment levels, the state unemployment funds have experienced a significant increase in the number of unemployment claims. Accordingly, state unemployment tax rates increased substantially over the past few years. Employers in certain states are also experiencing higher federal unemployment tax rates as a result of certain states not repaying their unemployment loans from the federal government in a timely manner. We have taken steps to mitigate the risk of fluctuations in state and federal unemployment tax rates, including reporting and remitting unemployment insurance taxes or contributions at the customer level and/or under the customer’s own account number in approximately 30 states, and we will continue to seek such reporting relationships in the future. State Regulation of Co-Employers Forty-two states have adopted provisions for licensing, registration, certification or recognition of co-employers, and others are considering such regulation. Such laws vary from state to state but generally provide for monitoring or ensuring the fiscal responsibility of professional employer organizations, and in some cases codify and clarify the co-employment relationship for unemployment, workers compensation and other purposes under state law. We believe we are in compliance in all material respects with the requirements in all 42 states. Regardless of whether a state has licensing, registration or certification requirements for co-employers, we must comply with a number of other state and local regulations that could impact our operations, such as state and local taxes, licensing, zoning and business regulations. 9 Competition We face significant competition on a national and regional level from a number of companies purporting to deliver a range of bundled services that are generally similar to the services we provide. The National Association of Professional Employer Organizations, or NAPEO, estimates that there are between 700 and 900 such entities currently operating in the United States. We are one of only four professional employer organizations or PEOs accredited by the Employer Services Assurance Corporation that offers services in all 50 states and believe that we are one of the largest PEOs in the industry. Our competitors include large professional employer organizations such as the TotalSource unit of Automatic Data Processing, Inc. and Insperity, Inc., as well as specialized and small professional employer organization service providers. If and to the extent that we and other companies providing these services are successful in growing our businesses, we anticipate that future competitors will enter this industry. In addition to competition from other professional employer organizations, we also face competition in the form of companies serving their HR needs in traditional manners. These forms of competition include: We believe that our services are attractive to many SMBs in part because of our ability to provide workers compensation, health care and other benefits programs to them on a cost-effective basis. We compete with insurance brokers and other providers of this coverage in this regard, and our offerings must be priced competitively with those provided by these competitors in order for us to attract and retain our clients. We believe the principal competitive factors in our market include the following: We believe that we compete favorably on the basis of each of these factors. Seasonality and Insurance Variability Our business is affected by cyclicality in business activity and WSE behavior. Historically, we have experienced our highest monthly addition of WSEs, as well as our highest monthly levels of client attrition, in the month of January, primarily because clients that change their payroll service providers tend to do so at the beginning of a calendar year. In addition, we experience higher levels of client attrition in connection with renewals of the health insurance we provide for our WSEs, in the event that such renewals result in increased premiums that we pass on to our clients. We have also historically experienced higher insurance claim volumes in the second and third quarters of a fiscal year than in the first and fourth quarters of a fiscal year, as WSEs typically access their health care providers more often in the second and third quarters of a fiscal year, which has negatively impacted our insurance costs in these quarters. We have also experienced variability on a quarterly basis in the level of our insurance claims based on the unpredictable nature of large claims. These historical trends may change, and other seasonal trends and variability may develop that make it more difficult for us to manage our business. 10 • HR and information systems departments and personnel of companies that perform their own administration of benefits, payroll and HR; • providers of certain endpoint HR services, including payroll, benefits and business process outsourcers with high-volume transaction and administrative capabilities, such as Automatic Data Processing, Inc., Paychex, Inc. and other third-party administrators; and • benefits exchanges that provide benefits administration services over the Internet to companies that otherwise maintain their own benefit plans. • level of customer satisfaction; • ease of customer setup and on-boarding; • breadth and depth of benefit plans and online functionality; • vertical market expertise; • total cost of service; • brand awareness and reputation; • ability to innovate and respond to customer needs rapidly; and • subject matter expertise. Intellectual Property Our success depends in part on intellectual property rights to the services that we develop. We rely on a combination of contractual rights, including non-disclosure agreements, trade secrets, copyrights and trademarks, to establish and protect our intellectual property rights in our names, services, methodologies and related technologies. If we lose intellectual property protection or the ability to secure intellectual property protection on any of our names, confidential information or technology, this could harm our business. Our intellectual property rights may not prevent competitors from independently developing services and methodologies similar to ours, and the steps we take might be inadequate to deter infringement or misappropriation of our intellectual property by competitors, former employees or other third parties, any of which could harm our business. We currently have one pending U.S. patent application covering our technology. We own registered trademarks in the United States, Canada and the European Union that have various expiration dates unless renewed through customary processes. Our trademark registrations may be unenforceable or ineffective in protecting our trademarks. Our trademarks may be unenforceable in countries outside of the United States, which may adversely affect our ability to build our brand outside of the United States. Although we believe that our conduct of our business does not infringe on the intellectual property rights of others, third parties may nevertheless assert infringement claims against us in the future. We may be required to modify our products, services, internal systems or technologies, or obtain a license to permit our continued use of those rights. We may be unable to do so in a timely manner, or upon reasonable terms and conditions, which could harm our business. In addition, future litigation over these matters could result in substantial costs and resource diversion. Adverse determinations in any litigation or proceedings of this type could subject us to significant liabilities to third parties and could prevent us from using some of our services, internal systems or technologies. Corporate Employees We refer to our employees, excluding employees that we co-employ on behalf of our clients, as our corporate employees. We had 2,057 corporate employees as of December 31, 2014. We believe our relations with our corporate employees are good. None of our corporate employees is covered by a collective bargaining agreement. Directors and Executive Officers Corporate and Other Available Information We were incorporated in 1988 as TriNet Employer Group, Inc., a California corporation. We reincorporated as TriNet Merger Corporation, a Delaware corporation, in 2000 and during that year changed our name to TriNet Group, Inc. Our principal executive offices are located at 1100 San Leandro Blvd., Suite 400, San Leandro, CA 94577 and our telephone number is (510) 352-5000. Our website address is www.trinet.com. Information contained in or accessible through our website is not a part of this report. 11 Name Principal Occupation(s) Executive Officers Burton M. Goldfield President, Chief Executive Officer and Director, TriNet William Porter Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, TriNet Gregory L. Hammond Executive Vice President and Chief Legal Officer, TriNet John Turner Senior Vice President of Sales, TriNet Non-Employee Directors H. Raymond Bingham Advisory Director, General Atlantic LLC (a global growth equity investment firm) Katherine August-deWilde President and Chief Operating Officer, First Republic Bank (commercial bank specializing in private banking, business banking and wealth management) Martin Babinec Founder and Chairman, Upstate Venture Connect (a nonprofit corporation focused on the creation of new companies and jobs across Upstate New York); Founder and Chairman, StartFast Venture Accelerator (a mentorship-driven startup accelerator based in New York) Kenneth Goldman Chief Financial Officer, Yahoo! Inc. (an Internet services company) David C. Hodgson Managing Director, General Atlantic LLC (a global growth equity investment firm) John Kispert President and Chief Executive Officer, Spansion, Inc. (a provider of flash memory-based embedded systems solutions until acquired by Cypress Semiconductor in March 2015) Wayne B. Lowell Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Senior Whole Health Holdings, Inc. (a health insurance company focused on providing health insurance coverage to senior citizens) On the Investor Relations page of our Internet website at http://www.trinet.com, we make available, free of charge, our Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to those reports, as soon as reasonably practicable after such material is electronically filed with or furnished to the SEC. Information on our website is not incorporated into this report and is not a part of this report. Item 1A. Risk Factors Investing in our common stock involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the following risks and all of the other information contained in this report, including our consolidated financial statements and related notes. If any of the following risks materialize, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected. In that case, the trading price of our common stock could decline, and you may lose some or all of your investment. Risks Related to Our Business and Industry Our success depends on growth in market acceptance of the human resources outsourcing and related services we provide. Our success depends on the willingness of SMBs to outsource their HR function to a third-party service provider. We estimate that fewer than 5% of U.S. employees of businesses with fewer than 500 employees are part of a co-employment arrangement, in which all or some portion of the employer’s HR function was outsourced to a single third-party provider such as TriNet. We believe that our growth opportunity is primarily a function of our ability to penetrate the SMB market. Many companies have invested substantial personnel, infrastructure and financial resources in their own internal HR organizations and therefore may be reluctant to switch to our solution. Companies may not engage us for other reasons, including a desire to maintain control over all aspects of their HR activities, a belief that they manage their HR activities more effectively using their internal administrative organizations, perceptions about the expenses associated with our services, perceptions about whether our services comply with laws and regulations applicable to them or their businesses, or other considerations that may not always be evident. Additional concerns or considerations may also emerge in the future. We must address our potential clients’ concerns and explain the benefits of our approach in order to convince them to change the way that they manage their HR activities, particularly in parts of the United States where our company and solution are less well-known. If we are not successful in addressing potential clients’ concerns and convincing companies that our solution can fulfill their HR needs, then the market for our solution may not develop as we anticipate and our business may not grow. If we are unable to rapidly grow our sales force, we will not be able to grow our business at the rate that we anticipate, which could harm our business, results of operations and financial condition. In order to raise awareness of the benefits of our services and identify and acquire new clients, we must rapidly grow our direct sales force, which consists of regional sales representatives who focus on serving clients in specific industry vertical markets. Competition for skilled sales personnel is intense, and we cannot assure you that we will be successful in attracting, training and retaining qualified sales personnel, or that our newly hired sales personnel will function effectively, either individually or as a group. In addition, our newly hired sales personnel are typically not productive for up to a year following their hiring. This results in increased near-term costs to us relative to the sales contributions of these newly hired sales personnel. If we are unable to rapidly grow and effectively train our sales force, our revenues likely will not increase at the rate that we anticipate, which could harm our business, results of operations and financial condition. We are subject to client attrition. We regularly experience significant client attrition due to a variety of factors, including increases in administrative fees and insurance costs, disruption caused by the transition of WSEs we have gained through acquisition to our technology platform, client business failure, competition and clients determining to bring HR administration in-house. Our standard client service agreement can be cancelled by us or by the client without penalty with 30 days’ prior written notice. Clients who intend to cease doing business with us often elect to do so effective as of the beginning of a calendar year. As a result, we have historically experienced our largest concentration of client attrition in the first quarter of each year. In addition, we experience higher levels of client attrition in connection with renewals of the health insurance we provide for WSEs in the event that such renewals result in increased premiums that we pass on to our clients. If we were to experience client attrition in excess of our projected annual attrition rate of approximately 20% of our installed WSE base, as we did in 2010 and 2011, it could harm our business, results of operations and financial condition. Our acquisition strategy creates risks for our business. We have completed numerous acquisitions of other businesses, and we expect that we will continue to grow through acquisitions of other businesses, assets or technologies. We may fail to identify attractive acquisition candidates or we may be unable to reach acceptable terms for future acquisitions. If we are unable to complete acquisitions in the future, our ability to grow our business will be impaired. 12 We may pay for acquisitions by issuing additional shares of our common stock, which would dilute our stockholders, or by issuing debt, which could include terms that restrict our ability to operate our business or pursue other opportunities and subject us to meaningful debt service obligations. We may also use significant amounts of cash to complete acquisitions. To the extent that we complete acquisitions in the future, we likely will incur future depreciation and amortization expenses associated with the acquired assets. We may also record significant amounts of intangible assets, including goodwill, which could become impaired in the future. Acquisitions involve numerous other risks, including: If we fail to integrate newly acquired businesses effectively, we might not achieve the growth, service enhancement or operational efficiency objectives of the acquisitions, and our business, results of operations and financial condition could be harmed. Unexpected changes in workers compensation and health insurance claims by worksite employees could harm our business. Our insurance costs are impacted significantly by our WSEs’ health and workers compensation insurance claims experience. We establish reserves to provide for the estimated costs of reimbursing our workers compensation and health insurance carriers for paying claims within the deductible layer in accordance with their insurance policies. Estimating these reserves involves our consideration of a number of factors and requires significant judgment. If there is an unexpected increase in the severity or frequency of claims, such as due to our WSEs generating additional claims activity, or if we subsequently receive updated information indicating insurance claims were higher than previously estimated and reported, our insurance costs could be higher in that period or subsequent periods as we adjust our reserves accordingly. We have also experienced variability in our insurance claims based on the unpredictable nature of large claims. In addition, we may be unable to increase our pricing to offset increases in insurance costs on a timely basis. A number of factors affect claim activity levels, such as changes in general economic conditions, proposed and enacted regulatory changes and disease outbreaks. Our quarterly results of operations may fluctuate as a result of numerous factors, many of which are outside of our control. Our quarterly results of operations are likely to fluctuate, and our results in some quarters may be below the expectations of research analysts and our investors, which could cause the price of our common stock to decline. Some of our significant expenses, such as insurance costs for our WSEs, rent expense and debt expense, may require significant lead time to reduce. If we do not achieve our expected revenues targets, we may be unable to adjust our costs quickly enough to offset any revenues shortfall, which could harm our results of operations. Some of the important factors that may cause our revenues, results of operations and cash flows to fluctuate from quarter to quarter include: 13 • difficulties integrating the operations, technologies, services and personnel of the acquired companies, including the migration of WSEs from an acquired company’s technology platform to ours; • challenges maintaining our internal standards, controls, procedures and policies; • diversion of management’s attention from other business concerns; • over-valuation by us of acquired companies; • litigation resulting from activities of the acquired company, including claims from terminated employees, customers, former stockholders and other third parties; • insufficient revenues to offset increased expenses associated with the acquisitions and unanticipated liabilities of the acquired companies; • insufficient indemnification or security from the selling parties for legal liabilities that we may assume in connection with our acquisitions; • entering markets in which we have no prior experience and may not succeed; • risks associated with foreign acquisitions, such as communication and integration problems resulting from geographic dispersion and language and cultural differences, compliance with foreign laws and regulations and general economic or political conditions in other countries or regions; • potential loss of key employees of the acquired companies; and • impairment of relationships with clients and employees of the acquired companies or our clients and employees as a result of the integration of acquired operations and new management personnel. • the number and severity of health and workers compensation insurance claims by WSEs and the timing of claims information provided by our insurance carriers; • the number of our new clients initiating service and the number of WSEs employed by each new client; • our loss of existing clients; Many of the above factors are discussed in more detail elsewhere in this “Risk Factors” section and in the section of this report titled “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations”. Many of these factors are outside our control, and the variability and unpredictability of these factors could cause us to fail to meet our expectations for revenues or results of operations for a given period. In addition, the occurrence of one or more of these factors might cause our results of operations to vary widely, which could lead to negative impacts on our margins, short-term liquidity or ability to retain or attract key personnel, and could cause other unanticipated issues. Accordingly, we believe that quarter-to-quarter comparisons of our revenues, results of operations and cash flows may not be meaningful and should not be relied upon as an indication of our future performance. Our business is subject to numerous state and federal laws, and uncertainty as to the application of these laws, or adverse applications of these laws, as well as changes in applicable laws, could adversely affect our business. Our operations are governed by numerous federal, state and local laws relating to labor, tax, benefits, insurance and employment matters. We are a professional employer organization, and by entering into a co-employment relationship with WSEs, we assume certain obligations, responsibilities and potential legal risks of an employer under these laws. However, many of these laws (such as the Employee Retirement Income Security Act, or ERISA, and federal and state employment tax laws) do not specifically address the obligations and responsibilities of a provider of outsourced HR in a co-employment relationship, and the definition of employer under these laws is not uniform. In addition, many states have not addressed the co-employment relationship for purposes of compliance with applicable state laws governing the relationship between employers and employees and state insurance laws. There is even greater uncertainty on the federal level, such as the application of immigration reform to a co-employment relationship, and tax credits for small businesses that utilize a co-employment relationship. We are not able to predict whether broader federal or state regulation governing the co-employment relationship will be implemented, or if it is, how it will affect us. Any adverse application or interpretation (in courts, agencies or otherwise) of new or existing federal or state laws to the co-employment relationship with our WSEs and clients could harm our business. If federal, state or local jurisdictions were to change their regulatory framework related to outsourced HR, or introduce new laws governing our industry that were materially different from existing laws, those changes could reduce or eliminate the need for some of our services, or could require that we make significant changes in our methods of doing business, which could increase our cost of doing business. Changes in regulations could also affect the extent and type of benefits employers can or must provide employees, the amount and type of taxes employers and employees are required to pay or the time within which employers must remit taxes to the applicable authority. These changes could substantially decrease our revenues and substantially increase our cost of doing business. If we fail to educate and assist our clients regarding new or revised legislation that impacts them, our reputation could be harmed. Although some states do not explicitly regulate professional employer organizations, 42 states have passed laws that have licensing, certification or registration requirements applicable to professional employer organizations or recognize the professional employer organization model, and other states may implement such requirements in the future. Laws regulating professional employer organizations vary from state to state, but generally provide for oversight of the fiscal responsibility of professional employer organizations, and in some cases codify and clarify the co-employment relationship for processing unemployment claims, workers compensation and other purposes under state law. We may be required to spend significant time and resources to satisfy licensing requirements or other applicable regulations in some states, and we may not be able to satisfy these requirements or regulations in all states, which could prohibit us from doing business in such states. In addition, we cannot assure you that we will be able to renew our licenses in all states. 14 • reduction in the number of WSEs at existing clients; • the timing of client payments and payment defaults by clients; • the amount and timing of our operating expenses and capital expenditures; • costs associated with our acquisitions of companies, assets and technologies; • payments or drawdowns on our credit facility, or any amendments to our obligations under our credit facility; • expenses we incur for geographic and service expansion; • our regulatory compliance costs; • changes to our credit ratings by rating agencies; • changes in our effective tax rate; • extraordinary expenses such as litigation or other dispute-related settlement payments; and • the impact of new accounting pronouncements. If we are not recognized as an employer of worksite employees under federal and state regulations, we and our clients could be adversely impacted. In order for WSEs to receive the full benefit of our benefits offerings, it is important that we act and qualify as an employer of the WSEs under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, or the Code, and ERISA. In addition, our status as an employer is important for purposes of ERISA preemption of state laws. The definition of employer under various laws is not uniform, and under both the Code and ERISA the term is defined in part by complex multi-factor tests under common law. We believe that we qualify as an employer of our WSEs in the United States under both the Code and ERISA, and we implement processes to protect and preserve this status. However, the U.S. Department of Labor has issued guidance that certain entities in the HR outsourcing industry do not qualify as common law employers of WSEs for ERISA purposes. If we were found not to be an employer under the Code, our WSEs may not receive the favorable tax treatment for any plans intended to qualify under Section 401 of the Code, including our 401(k) plans and cafeteria plans, which could have a material adverse effect on our business. If we were found not to be an employer for ERISA purposes, our plans would not comply with ERISA, and fines and penalties could be imposed. In addition, if we were found not to be an employer for ERISA purposes, we and our plans would not enjoy the full preemption of state laws provided by ERISA and could be subject to varying state laws and regulations, including laws governing multiple employer welfare arrangements, or MEWAs, as well as to claims based upon state laws. We and our clients could be adversely impacted by health care reform. The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act and the Heath Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010, which we refer to collectively as the Act, entail sweeping health care reforms with staggered effective dates through 2018, and many provisions of the Act require the issuance of additional guidance from the U.S. Departments of Labor and Health and Human Services, the Internal Revenue Service, or IRS, and U.S. states. A number of key provisions of the Act have begun to take effect over the last year, including the establishment of state and federally run insurance exchanges, insurance market reforms, “pay or play” penalties on applicable large employers and the imposition and assessment of excise taxes on the health insurance industry and reinsurance taxes on insurers and third-party administrators. Collectively, these items have the potential to significantly change the insurance marketplace for employers and how employers offer or provide insurance to employees. As a co-employer of our clients’ WSEs, we assume or share many of the employer-related responsibilities and legal risks and assist our clients in complying with many employment-related governmental regulations. Generally, the Act and subsequently issued guidance by the IRS and the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services have not addressed, or in some instances are unclear, as to their application in the co-employment relationship. For example, the Act provides for a small business tax credit for eligible companies offering health care coverage to employees. We believe that these tax credits are available to our clients that meet the qualification requirements; however, the Act and subsequently issued IRS guidance do not expressly address the issue of whether small business clients of a professional employer organization may still qualify as small businesses eligible for such tax credits. As a result of this uncertainty, we are not yet able to determine the impacts to our business, and to our clients, resulting from the Act. In future periods, the changes may result in increased costs to us and our clients and could affect our ability to attract and retain clients. Additionally, we may be limited or delayed in our ability to increase service fees to offset any associated potential increased costs resulting from compliance with the Act. Furthermore, the uncertainty surrounding the terms and application of the Act may delay or inhibit the decisions of potential clients to outsource their HR needs. Any of these developments could harm our business, results of operations and financial condition. We may have additional tax liabilities, which could harm our business, operating results, financial condition and prospects. Significant judgments and estimates are required in determining our provision for income taxes and other tax liabilities. Our provision for income taxes, results of operations and cash flows may be impacted if any of our tax positions are challenged and successfully disputed by the tax authorities. In determining the adequacy of our tax provision, we assess the likelihood of adverse outcomes that could result if our tax positions were challenged by the IRS and other tax authorities. The tax authorities in the United States regularly examine our income and other tax returns. For example, in connection with an IRS examination of prior federal income tax returns filed by Gevity, a company we acquired in 2009, we received a technical advice memorandum from the IRS taking the position that approximately $10.1 million of tax credits taken by Gevity, and an additional approximately $1.5 million taken by us after acquiring Gevity, should be reversed, which position we dispute. The ultimate outcome of these examinations and tax disputes cannot be predicted with certainty. Should the IRS or other tax authorities assess additional taxes as a result of examinations, we may be required to record charges to operations that could have a material impact on our results of operations, financial position or cash flows. 15 Our business and operations have experienced rapid growth in recent periods, and if we are unable to effectively manage this growth, our business and results of operations may suffer. We have experienced rapid growth and have significantly expanded our operations in recent periods, which has placed a strain on our management and our administrative, operational and financial infrastructure. Managing this growth requires us to further refine our operational, financial and management controls and reporting systems and procedures. Our ability to effectively manage any significant growth of our business will depend on a number of factors, including our ability to do the following: These activities will require significant operating and capital expenditures and allocation of valuable management and employee resources, and we expect that our growth will continue to place significant demands on our management and on our operational and financial infrastructure. Our future financial performance and our ability to execute on our business plan will depend, in part, on our ability to effectively manage any future growth. We cannot assure you that we will be able to do so in an efficient or timely manner, or at all. In particular, any failure to successfully implement systems enhancements and improvements will likely negatively impact our ability to manage our expected growth, ensure uninterrupted operation of key business systems and comply with the rules and regulations that are applicable to public companies. If we fail to manage our growth effectively, our costs and expenses may increase more than we expect them to, which in turn could harm our business, results of operations and financial condition. We may not be able to sustain our revenue growth rate or profitability in the future. While we have achieved profitability on an annual basis in each of the last four fiscal years, we expect our operating expenses to increase substantially in the near term, particularly as we make significant investments in our sales and marketing organization, expand our operations and infrastructure and enhance the breadth and quality of our services. If our revenues do not increase to offset these increases in our operating expenses, we may not be profitable in future periods. Moreover, you should not consider our historical revenue growth to be indicative of our future performance. As we grow our business, our revenue growth rates may slow in future periods due to a number of reasons, which may include slowing demand for our services, increasing competition, a decrease in the growth of our overall market, our failure, for any reason, to continue to capitalize on growth opportunities, the maturation of our business or the decline in the number of SMBs in our target markets. Our industry is highly competitive, which may limit our ability to maintain or increase our market share or improve our results of operations. We face significant competition on a national and regional level from a number of companies purporting to deliver a range of bundled services that are generally similar to the services we provide, including large professional employer organizations such as the TotalSource unit of Automatic Data Processing, Inc. and Insperity, Inc., as well as specialized and small professional employer organization service providers. If and to the extent that we and other companies providing these services are successful in growing our businesses, we anticipate that future competitors will enter this industry. Some of our current, and any future, competitors have or may have greater marketing and financial resources than we do, and may be better positioned than we are in certain markets. Increased competition in our industry could result in price reductions or loss of market share, any of which could harm our business. We expect that we will continue to experience competitive pricing pressure. If we cannot compete effectively, our market share, business, results of operations and financial condition may suffer. 16 • effectively recruit, integrate, train and motivate a large number of new employees, including our direct sales force, while retaining our existing employees, maintaining the beneficial aspects of our corporate culture and effectively executing our business plan; • satisfy our existing clients and identify and acquire new clients; • enhance the breadth and quality of our services; • continue to improve our operational, financial and management controls; and • make sound business decisions in light of the scrutiny associated with operating as a public company. In addition to competition from other professional employer organizations, we also face competition in the form of companies and third parties serving HR needs in traditional manners. These forms of competition include: We believe that our services are attractive to many SMBs in part because of our ability to provide workers compensation, health care and other benefits programs to them on a cost-effective basis. We compete with insurance brokers and other providers of this coverage in this regard, and our offerings must be priced competitively with those provided by these competitors in order for us to attract and retain our clients. We may not be successful in convincing potential clients that the use of our services is a superior, cost-effective means of satisfying their HR obligations relative to the way in which they currently satisfy these obligations. If we cannot compete effectively against other professional employer organizations or against the alternative means by which companies meet their HR obligations, our market share, business, results of operations and financial condition may suffer. Adverse changes in our relationships with key vendors could impair the quality of our solution. Our success depends in part on our ability to establish and maintain arrangements and relationships with vendors that supply us with essential components of our services. These service providers include insurance carriers to provide health and workers compensation insurance coverage for WSEs, as well as other vendors such as couriers used to deliver client payroll checks and banks used to electronically transfer funds from clients to their employees. Failure by these service providers, for any reason, to deliver their services in a timely manner could result in material interruptions to our operations, impact client relations, and result in significant penalties or other liabilities to us. Our agreements with many of these service providers typically have a term of one year. However, we engage some service providers, such as payroll couriers, on an as needed basis at published rates. In addition, many of our employee benefit plan agreements may be terminated by the insurance companies on 90 days’ notice. If any of these vendors decided to terminate its relationship with us, we may have difficulty obtaining replacement services at reasonable rates or on a timely basis, if at all. The loss of any one or more of our key vendors, or our inability to partner with certain vendors that are better-known or more desirable to our clients or potential clients, could impair the quality of our solution and harm our business. We depend on licenses to third-party software in order to provide our services. We license a substantial portion of the software on which we depend to provide services to our clients from third-party vendors, including Oracle America, Inc. If we are unable to maintain these licenses, or if we are required to make significant changes in the terms and conditions of these licenses, we may need to seek replacement vendors or change our software architecture to address licensing revisions with our current vendors, either of which could increase our expenses and impair the quality of our services. In addition, we cannot assure you that our key vendors will continue to support their technology. Financial or other difficulties experienced by these vendors may adversely affect the technologies we incorporate into our products and services. If this software ceases to be available, we may be unable to find suitable alternatives on reasonable terms, or at all. If we are deemed to be an insurance agent or third-party administrator, we may incur significant additional costs and expenses, which could harm our results of operations. State regulatory authorities generally require licenses for companies that do business in their states as insurance agents or third-party administrators, such as those that handle health or retirement plan funding and claim processing. Insurance and third-party administrator regulation covers a host of activities, including sales, underwriting, rating, claims payments and record keeping by companies and agents. We do not believe that our services constitute acting as an insurance agent or third-party administrator. If regulatory authorities in any state determine that the nature of our business requires that we be licensed as an insurance agent or as a third-party administrator, we may need to hire additional personnel to manage regulatory compliance and become obligated to pay annual regulatory fees, which could adversely affect our results of operations. 17 • HR and information systems departments and personnel of companies that perform their own administration of benefits, payroll and other HR functions; • providers of certain endpoint HR services, including payroll, benefits and business process outsourcers with high-volume transaction and administrative capabilities, such as Automatic Data Processing, Inc., Paychex, Inc. and other third-party administrators; and • benefits exchanges that provide benefits administration services over the Internet to companies that otherwise maintain their own benefit plans. Most of our clients are concentrated in a relatively small number of industries, making us vulnerable to downturns in those industries. Most of our clients operate in the technology, life sciences, property management, professional services, banking and financial services, retail, manufacturing and hospitality services industries. As a result, if any of those industries suffers a downturn, the portion of our business attributable to clients in that industry could be adversely affected. For example, in July 2013, we acquired Ambrose Employer Group, LLC, or Ambrose, a New York-based company that provides HR services primarily to WSEs in the financial services industry in the New York area. If the financial services industry were to suffer a downturn similar to the one that began in the fall of 2008, our Ambrose product line would likely suffer. We have a substantial amount of indebtedness, which could adversely affect our financial condition and our operating flexibility. As of December 31, 2014, we had $544.9 million in outstanding indebtedness under our credit facility, all of which was secured indebtedness of our subsidiary, TriNet HR Corporation, guaranteed on a senior secured basis by us and certain of our subsidiaries. Our level of indebtedness and the limitations imposed on us by our credit facility could affect our business in various ways, including the following: Because borrowings under our credit facility bear interest at a variable rate, our interest expense could increase even though the amount borrowed remains the same, exacerbating these risks. Our ability to meet these expenses depends on our future business performance, which will be affected by various factors, including the risks described in this “Risk Factors” section. We are not able to control many of these factors, such as economic conditions in the markets where we operate and pressure from competitors. Our operations may provide insufficient cash to pay the principal and interest on our credit facility and to meet our other debt obligations. If so, we may be required to refinance all or part of our existing indebtedness or borrow additional funds, which we may not be able to do on terms that are acceptable to us, if at all. In addition, the terms of our existing or future debt agreements may restrict our ability to take some or all of these responsive actions. If we were unable to pay the principal and interest on our credit facility or meet our other debt obligations, the lenders under our credit facility could terminate their commitments to extend further credit to us and accelerate a substantial part of our indebtedness. If that were to happen, we may not be able to repay all of the amounts that would become due under our indebtedness or refinance our debt. If we were unable to repay those amounts or refinance our debt, the lenders under our credit facility could proceed against the collateral granted to them to secure that indebtedness. If that were to happen, our results of operations and financial condition could be harmed and we might be forced to seek bankruptcy protection. The terms of our credit facility may restrict our current and future operations, which would impair our ability to respond to changes in our business and to manage our business. Our credit facility contains, and any future indebtedness of ours would likely contain, a number of restrictive covenants that impose significant operating and financial restrictions on us, including restricting our ability to: 18 • we will have to use a portion of our cash flows from operating activities for debt service rather than for other operational activities; • w e ma y no t b e abl e t o borro w additiona l fund s o r obtai n additiona l financin g fo r futur e workin g capital, acquisitions , capita l expenditure s o r othe r corporat e purposes , o r ma y hav e t o pa y mor e fo r suc h financing; • some or all of the indebtedness under our current or future credit facilities bears interest at variable interest rates, making us more vulnerable to interest rate increases; • we could be less able to take advantage of significant business opportunities, such as acquisition opportunities, and to react to changes in market or industry conditions; and • we may be more vulnerable to general adverse economic and industry conditions as a result of our inability to reduce our debt service costs in response to reduced revenues. • incur, assume or guarantee additional debt; • pay dividends or distributions or redeem or repurchase capital stock; • incur or assume liens; • make loans, investments and acquisitions; • engage in sales of assets and subsidiary stock; • enter into sale-leaseback transactions; • enter into certain transactions with affiliates; Under the revolving credit facility, we are required to comply with a financial covenant that requires us and our subsidiaries to maintain a maximum leverage ratio so long as there is any indebtedness outstanding under the revolving credit facility (excluding letters of credit issued and outstanding of up to $15.0 million other than letters of credit that have been cash collateralized). Our ability to meet the leverage ratio can be affected by events beyond our control, and we may be unable to comply with it. Our failure to comply with this financial covenant or other restrictive covenants under our credit facility and other debt instruments could result in a default under our credit facility and/or other debt instruments, which in turn could result in the termination of the lenders’ commitments to extend further credit to us under our revolving credit facility and acceleration of a substantial portion of our indebtedness then outstanding under our credit facility. If that were to happen, we may not be able to repay all of the amounts that would become due under our indebtedness or refinance our debt. If we were unable to repay those amounts or refinance our debt, the lenders under our credit facility could proceed against the collateral granted to them to secure that indebtedness. If that were to happen, our results of operations and financial condition could be harmed and we might be forced to seek bankruptcy protection. Volatility in the financial and economic environment could harm our business. Demand for our services is sensitive to changes in the level of overall economic activity in the markets in which we operate. During periods of weak economic conditions, employment levels tend to decrease, small business failures tend to increase and interest rates may become more volatile. Current or potential clients may also react to weak economic conditions or forecasted weak economic conditions by reducing their employee headcount or by lowering their wage, bonus or benefits levels, any of which would affect our revenues, and may affect our margins, because we may be unable to reduce our selling, administrative or other expenses sufficient to offset the drop in revenues. It is difficult for us to forecast future demand for our services due to the inherent difficulty in forecasting the direction and strength of economic cycles. These conditions may affect the willingness of our clients and potential clients to pay outside vendors for services like ours, and may impact their ability to pay their obligations to us on time, or at all. In addition, if businesses have difficulty obtaining credit, business growth and new business formation may be impaired, which could also harm our business. Even modest downturns in economic activity or the availability of credit on a regional or national level could harm our business. If we fail to retain our key personnel or fail to attract additional skilled personnel, our business may suffer. Our operations are dependent on the continued efforts of our officers and executive management and the performance and productivity of our regional managers and field personnel. Our ability to attract and retain business depends on the quality of our services and the relationships that we maintain with our clients. If we lose key personnel with significant experience in managing our business, this could impair our ability to deliver services effectively or profitably, could divert other senior management time in seeking replacements, and could adversely affect our reputation with our clients and potential clients. Some of our most important client relationships depend on the continued involvement of individual managers or sales personnel, and any loss of those individuals could jeopardize those relationships and in turn adversely affect our operating results. Our future success will depend on our ability to attract, hire, train and retain highly skilled technical, sales and marketing and support personnel, particularly with expertise in outsourced solutions and the technology platforms that we deploy today and will deploy in the future. Qualified personnel are in great demand throughout the HR industry. Our failure to attract and retain the appropriate personnel may limit the rate at which we can expand our business, including developing new services and attracting new clients. Improper disclosure of sensitive or confidential company, employee or client data, including personal data, could result in liability and harm our reputation. Our business involves the use, storage and transmission of information about our corporate employees, WSEs and clients. This information includes sensitive or confidential data, such as employees’ Social Security numbers, bank account numbers, retirement account information and medical information. We and our third-party service providers have established policies and procedures to help protect the security and privacy of this information, but it is possible that our security controls over sensitive or confidential data may not prevent the improper access to or disclosure of this information. Third parties, including vendors that provide services for our operations, could also be a source of security risk to us in the event of a failure of their own security systems and infrastructure. Any such disclosure could harm our reputation and expose us to liability under our contracts and under the many and sometimes contradictory laws and regulations regarding data privacy in the various markets in which we operate. Any failure to adhere to 19 • complete dividends, loans or asset transfers from our subsidiaries; • enter into new lines of business; • prepay other indebtedness; • transfer all or substantially all of our assets or enter into merger or consolidation transactions with another person; and • make capital expenditures. applicable laws and regulations or to our contractual commitments with respect to the preservation and use of confidential information could result in legal liability and could damage our reputation. Any failure in our business systems could reduce the quality of our business services, which could harm our reputation and expose us to liability. Our business systems rely on the complex integration of numerous hardware and software subsystems to manage the transactions involved in managing the client relationship through the processing of employee, payroll and benefits data. These systems can be disrupted by, among other things, equipment failures, computer server or systems failures, network outages, malicious acts, software errors or defects, vendor performance problems and power failures. Any delay or failure in our systems that impairs our ability to communicate electronically with our clients, employees or vendors or our ability to store or process data could harm our reputation and our business. If we are unable to meet client demands or service expectations, we may lose existing clients and we may have difficulty attracting new clients. In addition, errors in our products and services, such as the erroneous denial of healthcare benefits or delays in making payroll, could expose our clients to liability claims from improperly serviced WSEs, for which we are contractually obligated to provide indemnification. We have disaster recovery, business continuity, and crisis management plans and procedures designed to protect our business against a multitude of events, including natural disasters, military or terrorist actions, power or communication failures, or similar events. Despite our preparations, our plans may not be successful in preventing the loss of client data, service interruptions, and disruptions to our operations, or damage to our important facilities. The precautions that we have taken to protect ourselves against these types of events may prove to be inadequate. If we suffer damage to our data or operations centers, experience a telecommunications failure or experience a security breach, our operations could be interrupted. Any interruption or other loss may not be covered by our insurance and could harm our reputation. If our systems were to fail for any of these reasons during payroll processing, preventing the proper payment of employees, or the proper remission of payroll taxes, we could be liable for wage payment delay penalties and payroll tax penalties, as well as other contractual penalties. Any inaccuracies in the processing of health insurance benefits could result in our being liable for lapses in insurance. If any of our systems fails to operate properly or becomes disabled even for a brief period of time, we could suffer financial loss, a disruption of our businesses, liability to clients, regulatory intervention, or damage to our reputation. Security breaches could compromise our data and the data of our clients and WSEs, exposing us to liability, which would cause our business and reputation to suffer. Our ability to ensure secure electronic processing, maintenance and transmission of payroll, insurance and other sensitive client and WSE information is critical to our operations. We rely on standard internet and other security systems to provide the security and authentication necessary to effect secure transmission of data. Despite our security measures, our information technology and infrastructure may be vulnerable to cybersecurity threats, including attacks by hackers and other malfeasance. Any such security breach could compromise our networks and result in the information stored or transmitted there to be accessed, publicly disclosed, lost or stolen. Any such access, disclosure or other loss of information could result in legal claims or proceedings leading to liability, including under laws that protect the privacy of personal information, disrupt our operations and the services we provide to our clients, damage our reputation and cause a loss of confidence in our products and services, which could adversely affect our business, operations and competitive position. In the course of providing our services to our clients, we also rely on certain third-party service providers and products, such as insurance carriers, to process information related to our clients and WSEs. Through contractual provisions, we take steps to require that our service providers protect sensitive information. However, we cannot provide assurances as to the security steps taken by such providers. Any security breach or other disruption of our third-party service providers that results in an inadvertent disclosure or loss of confidential information could adversely affect our reputation and our business. We must keep pace with rapid technological change in order to succeed. Our business depends upon the use of software, hardware and networking technologies that must be frequently and rapidly upgraded in response to technological advances, competitive pressures and consumer expectations. To succeed, we will need to effectively develop or license and integrate these new technologies as they become available to improve our services commensurate with client requirements. In particular, we rely on enterprise software applications licensed from third parties that are upgraded from time to time, such as PeopleSoft HR information systems and Oracle databases, that provide the basis for our HR information system platform supporting payroll, benefits and other HR functions. Any difficulties we encounter in adapting applications upgrades to our systems could harm our performance or delay or prevent the successful development, introduction or marketing of new services. New products or upgrades may not be released according to schedule, or may contain defects when released. Difficulties in integrating new technologies could result in adverse publicity, loss of sales, delay in market acceptance of our services, or client claims against us, any 20 of which could harm our business. We could also incur substantial costs in modifying our services or infrastructure to adapt to these changes. In addition, we could lose market share if our competitors develop technologically superior products and services. Our co-employment relationship with our worksite employees exposes us to business risks. We are a co-employer of our WSEs, and there is a possibility that we may be subject to liability for violations of employment laws by our clients and acts or omissions of our WSEs, who may be deemed to be our agents, even if we do not participate in any such acts or violations. Such laws include, but are not limited to, laws relating to payment of wages, employment discrimination, labor relations and whistleblower protection. Although our client agreements establish the contractual division of responsibilities between us and our clients for various personnel management matters, including compliance with and liability under various governmental regulations, as well as providing for clients to indemnify us for any liability attributable to clients’ or their employees’ conduct, we may not be able to effectively enforce or collect these contractual obligations with our clients, which could harm our business. We maintain employment practices liability insurance coverage (including coverage for our clients) to manage our and our clients’ exposure for various employee-related claims, and as a result, our incurred costs with respect to this exposure have historically been insignificant to our operating results. Employment practices liability insurance generally excludes coverage for claims relating to compliance with laws associated with the classification of employees as exempt or non-exempt, such as overtime pay and minimum wage law compliance. We cannot assure you that our insurance will be sufficient in amount or scope to cover all claims that may be asserted against us and for which we are unable to obtain indemnification from our clients. If judgments or settlements related to WSEs that we and our clients employ exceed our insurance coverage, it could harm our results of operations and financial condition. We cannot assure you that we will be able to obtain appropriate types and levels of insurance in the future, that we will be able to replace existing policies on acceptable terms, or at all, or that our insurers will be able to pay all claims that we may make under our policies, any of which could harm our business. Our failure to maintain or enhance our reputation or brand recognition could harm our business. We believe that maintaining and enhancing our reputation and the TriNet brand identity is critical to maintaining our relationships with our clients and vendors and our ability to attract new clients and vendors. We also believe that our reputation and brand identity will become more important as competition in our industry continues to develop. Our ability to maintain and enhance our reputation and brand identity will be affected by a number of factors, some of which are beyond our control, including: Any brand promotion activities in which we engage may not be successful or yield increased revenues. Furthermore, negative publicity, whether or not justified, relating to events or activities attributed to us, our corporate employees, our WSEs, our vendors, other companies in our industry or others associated with any of these parties, may tarnish our reputation and reduce the value of our brand. Damage to our reputation and loss of brand equity may reduce demand for our services and harm our business, results of operations and financial condition. Moreover, any attempts to rebuild our reputation and restore the value of our brand may be costly and time-consuming, and any such efforts may not ultimately be successful. If we are unable to protect our intellectual property, or if we infringe on the intellectual property rights of others, our business may be harmed. Our success depends in part on intellectual property rights to the services that we develop. We rely on a combination of contractual rights, including non-disclosure agreements, trade secrets, copyrights and trademarks, to establish and protect our intellectual property rights in our names, services, methodologies and related technologies. If we lose intellectual property protection or the ability to secure intellectual property protection on any of our names, confidential information or technology, this could harm our business. Our intellectual property rights may not prevent competitors from independently developing services and methodologies similar to ours, and the steps we take might be inadequate to deter infringement or misappropriation of our intellectual property by competitors, former employees or other third parties, any of which could harm our business. We currently have one pending U.S. 21 • the effectiveness of our marketing efforts; • our ability to attract and retain new sales personnel to expand our direct sales force; • our ability to retain our existing clients and attract new clients; • the quality and perceived value of our services; • our ability to successfully differentiate our services from those of our competitors; • actions of our competitors and other third parties; • positive or negative publicity about us or our industry in general; • interruptions, delays or attacks on our website; and • litigation or regulatory developments. patent application covering our technology. We own registered trademarks in the United States, Canada and the European Union that have various expiration dates unless renewed through customary processes. Our trademark registrations may be unenforceable or ineffective in protecting our trademarks. Our trademarks may be unenforceable in countries outside of the United States, which may adversely affect our ability to build our brand outside of the United States. Although we believe that our conduct of our business does not infringe on the intellectual property rights of others, third parties may nevertheless assert infringement claims against us in the future. We may be required to modify our products, services, internal systems or technologies, or obtain a license to permit our continued use of those rights. We may be unable to do so in a timely manner, or upon reasonable terms and conditions, which could harm our business. In addition, future litigation over these matters could result in substantial costs and resource diversion. Adverse determinations in any litigation or proceedings of this type could subject us to significant liabilities to third parties and could prevent us from using some of our services, internal systems or technologies. Our use of open source software could subject us to possible litigation. A portion of our technologies incorporates open source software, and we expect to continue to incorporate open source software into our platform in the future. Few of the licenses applicable to open source software have been interpreted by courts, and their application to the open source software integrated into our proprietary technology platform may be uncertain. If we fail to comply with these licenses, then pursuant to the terms of these licenses, we may be subject to certain requirements, including requirements that we make available the source code for our software that incorporates the open source software. We cannot assure you that we have not incorporated open source software in our software in a manner that is inconsistent with the terms of the applicable licenses or our current policies and procedures. If an author or other third party that distributes such open source software were to allege that we had not complied with the conditions of one or more of these licenses, we could incur significant legal expenses defending against such allegations. Litigation could be costly for us to defend, have a negative effect on our operating results and financial condition or require us to devote additional research and development resources to change our technology platform. If we are unable to implement and maintain effective internal control over financial reporting in the future, investors may lose confidence in the accuracy and completeness of our financial reports and the market price of our common stock may be negatively affected. As a public company, we are required to maintain internal control over financial reporting and to report any material weaknesses in such internal controls. Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act requires that we evaluate and determine the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting and, beginning with our annual report for the year ending December 31, 2015, provide a management report on our internal control over financial reporting. This report must be attested to by our independent registered public accounting firm. If we have a material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting, we may not detect errors on a timely basis and our financial statements may be materially misstated. We are in the process of designing and implementing our internal control over financial reporting, which process will be time consuming, costly and complicated. If we identify material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting in the future, we are unable to comply with the requirements of Section 404 in a timely manner, we are unable to assert that our internal control over financial reporting is effective or our independent registered public accounting firm is unable to express an opinion as to the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting when required to do so, investors may lose confidence in the accuracy and completeness of our financial reports and the market price of our common stock could be negatively affected, and we could become subject to investigations by the stock exchange on which our securities are listed, the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, or other regulatory authorities, which could require additional financial and management resources. If we are unable to successfully remediate the existing material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting, the accuracy and timing of our financial reporting may be adversely affected. In preparing and reviewing our consolidated financial statements as of and for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and in connection with our restatement of previously issued consolidated financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2010 and 2011, we and our independent registered public accounting firm identified a material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting related to accounting for income taxes. A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of our financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. The material weakness identified related to our incorrectly recording a deferred tax asset in connection with our accounting for our acquisition of Ambrose that should have been recorded as goodwill as of September 30, 2013, and to incorrectly recording a true-up to the income tax provision in 2011 related to the allocation of stock compensation between qualified and nonqualified stock options that should have been identified and recorded in 2010. As such, our controls over financial reporting were not designed or operating effectively, and as a result there were adjustments required in connection with closing our books and records and preparing our consolidated financial statements for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and a restatement was required for our consolidated financial statements for 2010 and 2011. 22 In response to this material weakness, we hired a Director of Income Tax Accounting, who reports directly to our Chief Accounting Officer, we engaged external technical advisers with expertise in accounting for income taxes to assist us with the evaluation of complex tax issues, and we improved our process, procedures and documentation standards relating to the preparation of income tax provision calculations. We continue to assess and develop our tax professionals to provide appropriate technical and accounting expertise commensurate with our needs to properly consider and apply GAAP for income taxes. We believe our remediation efforts resulted in the elimination of the previously identified material weakness. While this material weakness has been remediated, we cannot assure you that we have identified all of our existing material weaknesses, or that we will not in the future have additional material weaknesses. We have dedicated resources to the design, implementation, documentation and testing of our internal controls. We will continue to evaluate the effectiveness of our internal controls, including our internal control over accounting for income taxes and will continue to make changes that we believe will strengthen our internal controls to ensure that our financial statements continue to be fairly stated in all material respects. Neither we nor our independent registered public accounting firm has performed an evaluation of our internal control over financial reporting during any period in accordance with the provisions of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. In light of the material weakness that was identified in 2013 as a result of the limited procedures performed, we believe that it is possible that, had we and our independent registered public accounting firm performed an evaluation of our internal control over financial reporting in accordance with the provisions of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, additional material weaknesses or significant control deficiencies may have been identified. If we fail to meet the demands that will be placed upon us as a public company, including the requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, we may be unable to accurately report our financial results, or report them within the timeframes required by law or stock exchange regulations. Failure to comply with Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act could also potentially subject us to sanctions or investigations by the SEC or other regulatory authorities. We cannot assure you that additional material weaknesses will not exist or otherwise be discovered. If other material weaknesses or other significant control deficiencies occur, our ability to accurately and timely report our financial results could be impaired, which could result in late filings of our annual and quarterly reports under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act, restatements of our consolidated financial statements, a decline in our stock price, suspension or delisting of our common stock from the New York Stock Exchange, or NYSE, and could adversely affect our reputation, results of operations and financial condition. We incur substantial increased costs as a result of being a public company. As a public company, we incur significant levels of legal, accounting and other expenses that we did not incur as a private company. We are subject to the reporting requirements of the Exchange Act, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, the Dodd-Frank Act, the listing requirements of the NYSE and other applicable securities rules and regulations. Compliance with these rules and regulations has increased our legal and financial compliance costs, made some activities more difficult, time-consuming or costly and increased demand on our systems and resources. The Exchange Act requires, among other things, that we file annual, quarterly and current reports with respect to our business and results of operations. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act requires, among other things, that we maintain effective disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting. In order to maintain and, if required, improve our disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting to meet this standard, significant resources and management oversight may be required. As a result, management’s attention may be diverted from other business concerns, which could adversely affect our business and results of operations. Although we have already hired additional corporate employees to comply with these requirements, we may need to hire more corporate employees in the future or engage outside consultants, which would increase our costs and expenses. In addition, changing laws, regulations and standards relating to corporate governance and public disclosure are creating uncertainty for public companies, increasing legal and financial compliance costs and making some activities more time-consuming. These laws, regulations and standards are subject to varying interpretations, in many cases due to their lack of specificity, and, as a result, their application in practice may evolve over time as new guidance is provided by regulatory and governing bodies. This could result in continuing uncertainty regarding compliance matters and higher costs necessitated by ongoing revisions to disclosure and governance practices. We intend to invest resources to comply with evolving laws, regulations and standards, and this investment may result in increased general and administrative expenses and a diversion of management’s time and attention from revenue-generating activities to compliance activities. If our efforts to comply with new laws, regulations and standards differ from the activities intended by regulatory or governing bodies due to ambiguities related to their application and practice, regulatory authorities may initiate legal proceedings against us and our business may be adversely affected. As a result of disclosure of information in this report and the other filings that we are required to make as a public company, our business, results of operations and financial condition are more visible, which may result in threatened or actual litigation, including by competitors and other third parties. If any such claims are successful, our business, results of operations and financial condition could be adversely affected, and even if the claims do not result in litigation or are resolved in our favor, these claims, and the time 23 and resources necessary to resolve them, could divert the resources of our management and adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition. Risks Related to Ownership of Our Common Stock Our stock price may be volatile or may decline regardless of our operating performance, resulting in substantial losses for our stockholders. The market price of our common stock has been, and is likely to continue to be, volatile for the foreseeable future. For example, since shares of our common stock were sold in our initial public offering, or IPO, in March 2014 at a price of $16.00 per share, the daily closing price of our common stock has ranged from $19.10 to $32.59 per share through December 31, 2014. The market price of our common stock may fluctuate significantly in response to numerous factors, many of which are beyond our control, including the factors listed below and other factors described in this “Risk Factors” section: In addition, stock markets have experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations that have affected and continue to affect the market prices of equity securities of many business services companies. Stock prices of many business services companies have fluctuated in a manner unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of those companies. In the past, stockholders have instituted securities class action litigation following periods of market volatility. If we were to become involved in securities litigation, it could subject us to substantial costs, divert resources and the attention of management from our business and adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition. Substantial future sales of shares of our common stock could cause the market price of our common stock to decline. We may issue additional shares of common stock or securities convertible into shares of our common stock in one or more transactions and at prices and in a manner as we may determine from time to time. Sales of a substantial number of shares of our common stock in the public market, or the perception that these sales might occur, could depress the market price of our common stock and impair our ability to raise capital through the sale of additional equity securities. We cannot predict the effect that such sales may have on the prevailing market price of our common stock. As of December 31, 2014, there were 6,892,810 shares of common stock subject to outstanding options and 7,750 shares of common stock issuable upon settlement of restricted stock units. We have registered all of the shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of these outstanding options and settlement of these outstanding restricted stock units, and upon exercise or settlement of any options or other equity incentives we may grant in the future, as well as the shares we have reserved for future issuance under our Employee Stock Purchase Plan, or ESPP, for public resale under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. Accordingly, these shares are eligible for sale in the public market to the extent such options are exercised or such restricted stock units settle, or such shares are purchased pursuant to our ESPP, subject to compliance with applicable securities laws. 24 • actual or anticipated fluctuations in our results of operations; • any financial projections we provide to the public, any changes in these projections or our failure to meet these projections; • failure of securities analysts to initiate or maintain coverage of our company, changes in financial estimates by any securities analysts who follow our company, or our failure to meet these estimates or the expectations of investors; • ratings changes by any securities analysts who follow our company; • announcements by us or our competitors of significant innovations, acquisitions, strategic partnerships, joint ventures or capital commitments; • changes in operating performance and stock market valuations of other business services companies generally, or those in our industry in particular; • price and volume fluctuations in the overall stock market, including as a result of trends in the economy as a whole; • changes in our board of directors or management; • sales of large blocks of our common stock, including sales by our executive officers, directors and significant stockholders; • lawsuits threatened or filed against us; • short sales, hedging and other derivative transactions involving our capital stock; • general economic conditions in the United States and abroad; and • othe r event s o r factors , includin g thos e resultin g fro m war , incident s o f terroris m o r response s t o thes e events. As of December 31, 2014, the holders of 20,091,312 shares of common stock have rights, subject to some conditions, to require us to file registration statements for the public resale of such shares or to include such shares in registration statements that we may file for TriNet or our stockholders. The existing ownership of capital stock by our executive officers, directors and their affiliates has the effect of concentrating voting control with our executive officers, directors and their affiliates for the foreseeable future, which limits your ability to influence corporate matters. As of December 31, 2014, funds affiliated with General Atlantic, our largest stockholder, beneficially own approximately 26.2% of our outstanding common stock, and all of our directors, officers and their affiliates, including the funds affiliated with General Atlantic, beneficially own, in the aggregate, approximately 42.1% of our outstanding common stock. As a result, these stockholders will be able to determine substantially all matters requiring stockholder approval, including the election of directors and approval of significant corporate transactions, such as a merger or other sale of our company or its assets. This concentration of ownership could limit the ability of other stockholders to influence corporate matters and may have the effect of delaying or preventing a third party from acquiring control over us. If securities or industry analysts do not publish research or reports about our business, or publish negative reports about our business, our share price and trading volume could decline. The trading market for our common stock will depend in part on the research and reports that securities or industry analysts publish about us or our business, our market and our competitors. We do not have any control over these analysts. If one or more of the analysts who cover us downgrade our shares or change their opinion of our shares, our share price would likely decline. If one or more of these analysts cease coverage of our company or fail to regularly publish reports on us, we could lose visibility in the financial markets, which could cause our share price or trading volume to decline. Anti-takeover provisions in our charter documents and under Delaware law could make an acquisition of our company more difficult, limit attempts by our stockholders to replace or remove our current management and limit the market price of our common stock. Provisions in our certificate of incorporation and bylaws may have the effect of delaying or preventing a change of control or changes in our management. Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and bylaws include provisions that: These provisions may frustrate or prevent any attempts by our stockholders to replace or remove our current management by making it more difficult for our stockholders to replace members of our board of directors, which is responsible for appointing the members of our management. In addition, because we are incorporated in Delaware, we are governed by the provisions of Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, which generally prohibits a Delaware corporation from engaging in any of a broad range of business combinations with any holder of at least 15% of our capital stock for a period of three years following the date on which the stockholder became a 15% stockholder. Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments None. 25 • establish a classified board of directors so that not all members of our board of directors are elected at one time; • permit our board of directors to establish the number of directors; • provide that directors may only be removed “for cause”; • require super-majority voting to amend some provisions in our certificate of incorporation and bylaws; • authorize the issuance of “blank check” preferred stock that our board of directors could use to implement a stockholder rights plan; • eliminate the ability of our stockholders to call special meetings of stockholders; • prohibit stockholder action by written consent, which requires all stockholder actions to be taken at a meeting of our stockholders; • provide that our board of directors is expressly authorized to make, alter or repeal our bylaws; and • establish advance notice requirements for nominations for election to our board of directors or for proposing matters that can be acted upon by stockholders at annual stockholder meetings. Item 2. Properties We lease space for our client service centers in Bradenton, Florida, Reno, Nevada, Fort Mill, South Carolina, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma and New York, New York, approximately 60 regional sales offices in various states in the United States and our corporate headquarters in San Leandro, California. All of these leases expire at various times through 2023. We believe our current facilities are adequate for the purposes for which they are intended and provide for further expansion to accommodate our long-term growth and expansion goals. We believe that short-term leased facilities are readily available if needed to accommodate near-term needs if they arise. We will continue to evaluate the need for additional facilities based on the extent of our product and service offerings, the rate of client growth, the geographic distribution of our client base and our long-term service delivery requirements. Item 3. Legal Proceedings As a co-employer, we are regularly involved in legal proceedings and are subject to WSE claims arising in the ordinary course of our business. Some of these claims and legal proceedings arise out of our clients’ conduct by virtue of our co-employer relationship, over which we have no control. We are not presently a party to any legal proceedings that in the opinion of our management, if determined adversely to us, would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, operating results or cash flows. Regardless of the outcome, litigation can have an adverse impact on us because of defense and settlement costs, diversion of management resources and other factors. Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures Not applicable. 26 PART II Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities Market Information and Holders of Record Our common stock has been listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol “TNET” since March 27, 2014. Prior to that date, there was no public trading market for our common stock. The following table sets forth for the periods indicated the high and low sale prices per share of our common stock as reported on the New York Stock Exchange: On March 18, 2015, the last reported sale price of our common stock on the New York Stock Exchange was $35.76 per share. As of March 18, 2015, we had 55 holders of record of our common stock. The actual number of stockholders is greater than this number of record holders, and includes stockholders who are beneficial owners, but whose shares are held in street name by brokers and other nominees. This number of holders of record also does not include stockholders whose shares may be held in trust by other entities. Dividend Policy Our board of directors has declared two special dividends since January 1, 2013. In August 2013, our board of directors declared a special dividend of $5.88 per common-equivalent share for holders of record of our preferred stock and $5.88 per share for holders of record of our common stock and restricted stock units, for a total of approximately $310.8 million. In December 2013, our board of directors declared a special dividend of $0.88 per common-equivalent share for holders of record of our preferred stock and $0.88 per share for holders of record of our common stock and restricted stock units, for a total amount of approximately $46.7 million. In each case, we determined to pay such dividends to our stockholders because our board of directors determined that such dividends were in our best interests and those of our stockholders, that we had sufficient surplus capital to pay such dividends and that we would be able to continue to fund our operations and service our indebtedness utilizing cash flows from operations after payment of such dividends. Any future determination as to the declaration and payment of dividends, if any, will be at the discretion of our board of directors and will depend on then existing conditions, including our financial condition, operating results, contractual restrictions, capital requirements, business prospects and other factors our board of directors may deem relevant. In addition, our credit facility, as amended and restated in 2014, contains restrictions on our ability to declare and pay cash dividends on our capital stock. So long as no event of default has occurred and is continuing and no ECF Shortfall Amount (as defined in the credit agreement) exists, our credit facility permits cash dividends in amounts up to the sum of (a) specified dollar amounts under the facility, plus (b) so long as a specified leverage ratio under the credit facility is satisfied, the available Excess Cash Flow (as defined in the credit agreement and subject to certain adjustments). See Note 8 to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this report. 27 Year Ended December 31, 2014: High Low First Quarter (from March 27, 2014) $ 23.44 $ 17.28 Second Quarter $ 27.78 $ 18.81 Third Quarter $ 29.96 $ 21.79 Fourth Quarter $ 32.79 $ 24.38 Performance Graph The following graph compares the cumulative return on the Company's common stock since the initial public offering on March 27, 2014 with the cumulative return on the S&P 500 Index and a Peer Group Index. COMPARISON OF 9 MONTH CUMULATIVE TOTAL RETURN Among TriNet Group, Inc., the S&P 500 Index, and a Peer Group* * The Peer Group Index is comprised of the following companies: Automatic Data Processing, Inc. Insperity, Inc. Paychex, Inc. Barrett Business Services, Inc. Heartland Payment Systems, Inc. Intuit, Inc. This graph shall not be deemed “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), or otherwise subject to the liabilities of that section, nor shall it be deemed incorporated by reference in any filing under the Securities Act of 1933 or the Exchange Act, regardless of any general incorporation language in such filing. Use of Proceeds On March 31, 2014, we closed our IPO, pursuant to which we sold 15,000,000 shares of our common stock at a public offering price of $16.00 per share, for an aggregate offering price of $240 million, resulting in net proceeds to us of $217.8 million, after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions of approximately $16.8 million and offering expenses payable by us of approximately $5.6 million. An additional 2,250,000 shares were sold by certain selling stockholders pursuant to the underwriters’ option to purchase additional shares. We did not receive any proceeds from the sale by the selling stockholders. The offer and sale of all of the shares in the IPO were registered under the Securities Act pursuant to a registration statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-192465), which was declared effective by the SEC on March 26, 2014. The offering commenced on March 26, 2014, closed on March 31, 2014, and did not terminate before all of the shares that were registered in the registration statement were sold. J.P. Morgan Securities LLC, Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC, Deutsche Bank Securities Inc., Jefferies LLC, Stifel, Nicolaus & Company, Incorporated and William Blair & Company, L.L.C acted as underwriters. No payments were made by us to directors, officers or persons owning ten percent or more of our common stock or to their associates, or to our affiliates in connection with the issuance and distribution of the securities registered. On March 31, 2014, we used $216.6 million of the proceeds of our IPO to repay the indebtedness outstanding under our credit facilities, as described in our final prospectus filed pursuant to Rule 424(b) with the SEC on March 27, 2014. The remaining proceeds have been used for working capital purposes. 28 Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities The following table provides information about our purchases of TriNet common stock during the quarter ended December 31, 2014 : 29 Period Total Number of Shares Purchased Average Price Paid Per Share Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans (1) Maximum Number of Shares that May Yet be Purchased Under the Plans (1) October 1 - October 31, 2014 - - - - November 1 - November 30, 2014 490,419 $ 30.58 490,419 980,198 December 1 - December 31, 2014 - - - - Total 490,419 (1) During the fourth quarter of 2014, our board of directors approved a $30 million increase to our ongoing stock repurchase program, authorizing us to repurchase in the aggregate up to $45 million of our outstanding common stock. The program was initially approved by our board of directors in May 2014 to authorize us to repurchase in the aggregate up to $15 million of our outstanding common stock. We repurchased approximately $15 million of our outstanding common stock year-to-date in 2014. Stock repurchases under the program are intended to offset the dilutive effect of share-based employee incentive compensation. Item 6. Selected Financial Data. The following selected consolidated financial and other data should be read in conjunction with the section titled “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” as well as our audited consolidated financial statements and related notes included in Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. We have derived the consolidated statement of operations data for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012 and the consolidated balance sheet data as of December 31, 2014 and 2013 from our audited consolidated financial statements that are included elsewhere in this report. We have derived the consolidated statement of operations data for the years ended December 31, 2011and 2010 and consolidated balance sheet data as of December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010 from our audited consolidated financial statements that are not included in this report. Our historical results are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected in the future. 30 Year Ended December 31, 2014 2013 2012 2011 2010 (in thousands, except share and per share data) Consolidated Statement of Operations Data: Professional service revenues $ 342,074 $ 272,372 $ 148,233 $ 113,279 $ 139,495 Insurance service revenues 1,851,457 1,371,903 870,828 727,111 766,695 Total revenues 2,193,531 1,644,275 1,019,061 840,390 906,190 Costs and operating expenses: Insurance costs 1,686,315 1,226,585 750,025 651,094 713,653 Cost of providing services (exclusive of depreciation and amortization of intangible assets) (1) 134,256 106,661 63,563 59,388 72,073 Sales and marketing (1) 139,997 109,183 59,931 38,087 46,454 General and administrative (1) 53,926 52,455 37,879 31,421 28,366 Systems development and programming costs (1) 26,101 19,948 16,718 15,646 15,045 Amortization of intangible assets 52,302 51,369 17,441 12,388 17,960 Depreciation 13,843 11,737 11,676 9,201 12,042 Restructuring — — — 2,358 5,922 Total costs and operating expenses 2,106,740 1,577,938 957,233 819,583 911,515 Operating income (loss) 86,791 66,337 61,828 20,807 (5,325 ) Other income (expense): Interest expense (54,193 ) (45,724 ) (9,709 ) (751 ) (4,444 ) Other, net 478 471 57 127 67 Income (loss) before provision for (benefit from) income taxes 33,076 21,084 52,176 20,183 (9,702 ) Provision for (benefit from) income taxes 17,579 7,937 20,344 5,421 (875 ) Net income (loss) $ 15,497 $ 13,147 $ 31,832 $ 14,762 $ (8,827 ) Net income (loss) per share attributable to common stock: Basic $ 0.24 $ 0.26 $ 0.66 $ 0.32 $ (1.18 ) Diluted $ 0.22 $ 0.24 $ 0.63 $ 0.31 $ (1.18 ) Weighted average common stock outstanding: Basic 56,160,539 12,353,047 9,805,384 7,842,682 7,454,390 Diluted 59,566,773 15,731,807 12,476,091 10,103,979 7,454,390 (1) Includes stock-based compensation expense as follows: Year Ended December 31, 2014 2013 2012 2011 2010 (in thousands) Cost of providing services $ 2,658 $ 1,193 $ 516 $ 438 $ 467 Sales and marketing 2,755 1,284 500 637 670 General and administrative 4,517 3,220 3,144 3,590 3,385 Systems development and programming costs 1,030 416 200 160 531 Total stock-based compensation expense $ 10,960 $ 6,113 $ 4,360 $ 4,825 $ 5,053  Non-GAAP Financial Measures We use Net Insurance Service Revenues, Net Service Revenues, Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted Net Income to provide an additional view of our operational performance. Net Insurance Service Revenues, Net Service Revenues, Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted Net Income are financial measures that are not prepared in accordance with GAAP. We define Net Insurance Service Revenues as insurance service revenues less insurance costs, which include the premiums we pay to insurance carriers for the health and workers compensation insurance coverage provided to our clients and WSEs and the reimbursements we pay to the insurance carriers for claim payments within our insurance deductible layer. We define Net Service Revenues as the sum of professional service revenues and Net Insurance Service Revenues. We define Adjusted EBITDA as net income (loss), excluding the effects of our income tax provision (benefit), interest expense, depreciation, amortization of intangible assets and stock-based compensation expense. We define Adjusted Net Income as net income (loss), excluding the effects of stock-based compensation, amortization of intangible assets, non-cash interest expense, debt prepayment premium and the income tax effect of these pre-tax adjustments at our effective tax rate. In 2014, Adjusted Net Income also includes an adjustment to exclude income tax on non-deductible stock-based compensation and other discrete items, including the effect of state law changes, to reach an effective tax rate of 39.5%. Non-cash interest expense represents amortization and write-off of the debt issuance cost. We believe that the use of Net Insurance Service Revenues provides useful information as it presents a measure of revenues from our provision of insurance services to our clients that eliminates the cost to us of that insurance. We believe that Net Service Revenues provides a useful measure of total revenues for the two main components of our revenues calculated on a consistent basis. We believe that the use of Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted Net Income provides additional period-to-period comparisons and analysis of trends in our business, as they exclude certain one-time and non-cash expenses. We believe that Net Insurance Service Revenues, Net Service Revenues, Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted Net Income are useful for our stockholders and board of directors by helping them to identify trends in our business and understand how our management evaluates our business. We use Net Insurance Service Revenues, Net Service Revenues, Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted Net Income to monitor and evaluate our operating results and trends on an ongoing basis and internally for operating, budgeting and financial planning purposes, in addition to allocating our 31 Year Ended December 31, 2014 2013 2012 2011 2010 (in thousands) Other Financial Data: Net Insurance Service Revenues (1) $ 165,142 $ 145,318 $ 120,803 $ 76,017 $ 53,042 Net Service Revenues (2) $ 507,216 $ 417,690 $ 269,036 $ 189,296 $ 192,537 Adjusted EBITDA (3) $ 165,319 $ 136,027 $ 95,362 $ 47,348 $ 29,797 Adjusted Net Income (4) $ 74,392 $ 57,456 $ 47,431 $ 27,626 $ 13,798 (1) Net Insurance Service Revenues is a non-GAAP financial measure that we calculate as insurance service revenues less insurance costs. For more information about Net Insurance Service Revenues and a reconciliation of Net Insurance Service Revenues to insurance service revenues, the most directly comparable financial measure calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP, see “Non-GAAP Financial Measures.” (2) Net Service Revenues is a non-GAAP financial measure that we calculate as the sum of professional service revenues and Net Insurance Service Revenues. For more information about Net Service Revenues and a reconciliation of Net Service Revenues to total revenues, the most directly comparable financial measure calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP, see “Non-GAAP Financial Measures.” (3) Adjusted EBITDA is a non-GAAP financial measure that we calculate as net income (loss), excluding the effects of our income tax provision (benefit), interest expense, depreciation, amortization of intangible assets and stock-based compensation expense. For more information about Adjusted EBITDA and a reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA to net income (loss), the most directly comparable financial measure calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP, see “Non-GAAP Financial Measures.” (4) Adjusted Net Income is a non-GAAP financial measure that we calculate as net income (loss), excluding the effects of stock-based compensation, amortization of intangible assets, non-cash interest expense, debt prepayment premium and the income tax effect of these pre-tax adjustments at our effective tax rate. In 2014, Adjusted Net Income also includes an adjustment to exclude income tax on non-deductible stock-based compensation and other discrete items, including the effect of state law changes, to reach an effective tax rate of 39.5%. For more information about Adjusted Net Income and a reconciliation of Adjusted Net Income to net income (loss), the most directly comparable financial measure calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP, see “Non-GAAP Financial Measures.” As of December 31, 2014 2013 2012 2011 2010 (in thousands) Consolidated Balance Sheet Data: Cash and cash equivalents $ 134,341 $ 94,356 $ 63,749 $ 31,620 $ 45,535 Working capital $ 55,577 $ 65,061 $ 27,380 $ 26,424 $ 44,280 Total assets $ 2,347,764 $ 1,434,738 $ 887,727 $ 335,369 $ 340,739 Notes payable and borrowings under capital leases $ 545,150 $ 818,877 $ 301,334 $ 1,683 $ 1,798 Total liabilities $ 2,373,523 $ 1,705,100 $ 830,407 $ 241,771 $ 214,190 Convertible preferred stock $ — $ 122,878 $ 122,878 $ 122,878 $ 122,878 Total stockholders’ equity (deficit) $ (25,759 ) $ (393,240 ) $ (65,558 ) $ (29,280 ) $ 3,671 resources to enhance the financial performance of our business and evaluating the effectiveness of our business strategies. We also use Net Service Revenues and Adjusted EBITDA in determining the incentive compensation for management. Net Insurance Service Revenues, Net Service Revenues, Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted Net Income are not prepared in accordance with, and should not be considered in isolation of, or as an alternative to, measurements required by GAAP. In addition, these non-GAAP measures are not based on any comprehensive set of accounting rules or principles. As non-GAAP measures, Net Insurance Service Revenues, Net Service Revenues, Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted Net Income have limitations in that they do not reflect all of the amounts associated with our results of operations as determined in accordance with GAAP. In particular: Because of these limitations, you should consider Net Insurance Service Revenues, Net Service Revenues, Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted Net Income alongside other financial performance measures, including total revenues, net income (loss) and our financial results presented in accordance with GAAP. The table below sets forth a reconciliation of GAAP insurance service revenues to Net Insurance Service Revenues: The table below sets forth a reconciliation of GAAP total revenues to Net Service Revenues: 32 • Net Insurance Service Revenues and Net Service Revenues are reduced by the insurance costs that we pay to the insurance carriers; • Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect interest expense, or the cash requirements necessary to service interest or principal payments on our debt; • Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect the amounts we paid in taxes or other components of our tax provision; • Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect our cash expenditures or future requirements for capital expenditures or contractual commitments; • Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted Net Income do not reflect changes in, or cash requirements for, our working capital needs; • Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted Net Income do not reflect the expenses we incurred in connection with the registered offering of our common stock; • Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted Net Income do not reflect the non-cash component of employee compensation; • Although depreciation and amortization of intangible assets are non-cash charges, the assets being depreciated and amortized often will have to be replaced in the future, and Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect any cash requirements for such replacements; and • Other companies in our industry may calculate Net Insurance Service Revenues, Net Service Revenues, Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted Net Income differently than we do, limiting the usefulness of these items as a comparative measure. Year Ended December 31, 2014 2013 2012 2011 2010 (in thousands) Insurance service revenues $ 1,851,457 $ 1,371,903 $ 870,828 $ 727,111 $ 766,695 Less: insurance costs 1,686,315 1,226,585 750,025 651,094 713,653 Net Insurance Service Revenues $ 165,142 $ 145,318 $ 120,803 $ 76,017 $ 53,042 Year Ended December 31, 2014 2013 2012 2011 2010 (in thousands) Total revenues $ 2,193,531 $ 1,644,275 $ 1,019,061 $ 840,390 $ 906,190 Less: insurance costs 1,686,315 1,226,585 750,025 651,094 713,653 Net Service Revenues $ 507,216 $ 417,690 $ 269,036 $ 189,296 $ 192,537 The table below sets forth a reconciliation of GAAP net income (loss) to Adjusted EBITDA: The table below sets forth a reconciliation of GAAP net income (loss) to Adjusted Net Income: 33 Year Ended December 31, 2014 2013 2012 2011 2010 (in thousands) Net income (loss) $ 15,497 $ 13,147 $ 31,832 $ 14,762 $ (8,827 ) Provision for (benefit from) income taxes 17,579 7,937 20,344 5,421 (875 ) Stock-based compensation 10,960 6,113 4,360 4,825 5,053 Interest expense and bank fees 54,193 45,724 9,709 751 4,444 Depreciation 13,843 11,737 11,676 9,201 12,042 Amortization of intangible assets 52,302 51,369 17,441 12,388 17,960 Secondary offering costs 945 — — — — Adjusted EBITDA $ 165,319 $ 136,027 $ 95,362 $ 47,348 $ 29,797 Year Ended December 31, 2014 2013 2012 2011 2010 (in thousands) Net income (loss) $ 15,497 $ 13,147 $ 31,832 $ 14,762 $ (8,827 ) Effective income tax rate adjustment 4,514 — — — — Stock-based compensation 10,960 6,113 4,360 4,825 5,053 Amortization of intangible assets 52,302 51,369 17,441 12,388 17,960 Non-cash interest expense 21,880 13,577 3,768 375 1,855 Debt prepayment premium 3,800 — — — — Secondary offering costs 945 Income tax impact of pre-tax adjustments at effective tax rate (35,506 ) (26,750 ) (9,970 ) (4,724 ) (2,243 ) Adjusted Net Income $ 74,392 $ 57,456 $ 47,431 $ 27,626 $ 13,798 Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS You should read the following discussion of our financial condition and results of operations in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and the related notes included elsewhere in this report. This discussion contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. When reviewing the discussion below, you should keep in mind the substantial risks and uncertainties that characterize our business. In particular, we encourage you to review the risks and uncertainties described in the section titled “Risk Factors” included under Part I, Item 1A above. These risks and uncertainties could cause actual results to differ materially from those projected in forward-looking statements contained in this report or implied by past results and trends. Overview TriNet is a leading provider of a comprehensive human resources solution for small to medium-sized businesses, or SMBs. We enhance business productivity by enabling our clients to outsource their HR function to one strategic partner and allowing them to focus on operating and growing their core businesses. Our HR solution includes services such as payroll processing, human capital consulting, employment law compliance and employee benefits, including health insurance, retirement plans and workers compensation insurance. Our services are delivered by our expert team of HR professionals and enabled by our proprietary, cloud-based technology platform, which allows our clients and their employees to efficiently conduct their HR transactions anytime and anywhere. We believe we are a leader in the industry due to our size, our presence in the United States and Canada and the number of clients and employees that we serve. We utilize a co-employment model pursuant to which both we and our clients become employers of our clients’ employees, which we refer to as worksite employees, or WSEs. This model affords us a close and embedded relationship with our clients and their employees. Under the co-employment model, employment-related liabilities are contractually allocated between us and our clients. We assume responsibility for, and manage the risks associated with, each clients’ employee payroll obligations, including the liability for payment of salaries and wages to each client employee, the payment of payroll taxes and, at the client’s option, responsibility for providing group health, welfare, workers compensation and retirement benefits to such individuals. Unlike a payroll service provider, we issue each WSE a payroll check drawn on our bank accounts and contract with insurance carriers to provide health and workers compensation insurance to WSEs under TriNet’s name. We serve thousands of clients in specific industry vertical markets, including technology, life sciences, property management, professional services, banking and financial services, retail, manufacturing and hospitality services, as well as non-profit entities. As of December 31, 2014, we served over 10,000 clients in all 50 states, the District of Columbia and Canada and co-employed approximately 288,000 WSEs. In 2014, we processed over $25 billion in payroll and payroll tax payments for our clients. Our total revenues consist of professional service revenues and insurance service revenues. For 2014 and 2013, 16% and 17% of our total revenues, respectively, consisted of professional service revenues, and 84% and 83% of our total revenues, respectively, consisted of insurance service revenues. We earn professional service revenues by processing HR transactions, such as payroll and employment tax withholding, and providing labor and benefit law compliance services, on behalf of our clients. We earn insurance service revenues by providing risk-based, third-party plans to our clients, primarily employee health benefit plans and workers compensation insurance. For professional service revenues, we recognize as revenues the fees we earn for processing HR transactions, which fees do not include the payroll that is paid to us by the client and paid out to WSEs or remitted as taxes. We recognize as insurance service revenues all insurance-related billings and administrative fees collected from clients and withheld from WSEs for risk-based insurance plans provided through third-party insurance carriers, primarily employee health insurance and workers compensation insurance. We in turn pay premiums to third-party insurance carriers for these insurance benefits, as well as reimburse them for claim payments within our insurance deductible layer. These premiums and reimbursements are classified as insurance costs on our statements of operations. To augment our financial information prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, or GAAP, we use internally a non-GAAP financial measure, Net Insurance Service Revenues, which consists of insurance service revenues less insurance costs. We also use a measure of total non-GAAP revenue, or Net Service Revenues, which is the sum of professional service revenues and Net Insurance Service Revenues. For 2014 and 2013, 67% and 65% of our Net Service Revenues, respectively, consisted of professional service revenues and 33% and 35% of our Net Service Revenues, respectively, consisted of Net Insurance Service Revenues. 34 We sell our services primarily through our direct sales force, which consists of sales representatives who focus on serving clients in specific industry vertical markets. For 2014, 2013 and 2012, our sales and marketing expenses were $140.0 million, $109.2 million and $59.9 million, respectively, or 6%, 7% and 6% of our total revenues and 28%, 26% and 22% of our Net Service Revenues, respectively. We have made significant investments in our proprietary, cloud-based technology platform, including implementing client information and management software to provide our clients with enhanced features and functionality with which to conduct their HR transactions, manage their employees and analyze employee benefits data. For 2014, 2013 and 2012, our systems development and programming costs were $26.1 million, $19.9 million and $16.7 million, or 1%, 1% and 2% of our total revenues and 5%, 5% and 6% of our Net Service Revenues, respectively. Strategic Acquisitions We operate in a highly fragmented industry and have completed numerous strategic acquisitions over the course of the past decade. We intend to continue to pursue strategic acquisitions that will enable us to add new clients and employees to our existing business and offer our clients and their employees more comprehensive and attractive services. Our recent acquisitions are listed below: Our operations could be adversely impacted if our strategic acquisitions are not integrated effectively. Because many of the companies we have acquired were focused on specific industries, our acquisitions have allowed us to expand our vertical service offerings into areas such as financial services, property management and food services, hospitality and manufacturing in which we did not previously have a significant presence. In addition, we have acquired sales representatives with experience in these vertical markets. Our acquisitions have provided us with additional clients and WSEs to allow us to continue to leverage our operations over a larger client base. These acquisitions have resulted in increased revenues and costs, as described below in our results of operations. We expect to continue to pursue strategic acquisitions. 35 • In July 2013, we acquired Ambrose Employer Group, LLC, which we refer to as Ambrose, a New York-based company that provides premium HR services primarily to WSEs in the financial services industry in the New York area. Through our acquisition of Ambrose, we acquired approximately 13,000 WSEs, approximately 1,000 clients and 12 sales representatives. • In October 2012, we acquired South Carolina-based SOI Holdings, Inc., which we refer to as SOI, which expanded our presence in the property management and food services industry vertical markets. Through our acquisition of SOI, we acquired approximately 66,000 WSEs, approximately 1,500 clients and 92 sales representatives. • In May 2012, we acquired Los Angeles-based technology company App7, Inc., which does business under the name of, and which we refer to as, ExpenseCloud, which enabled us to enhance our technology platform with additional expense management capabilities. • In April 2012, we acquired Oklahoma-based 210 Park Avenue Holding, Inc., which does business under the name of, and which we refer to as, Accord, through which we expanded our presence in the hospitality and manufacturing industry vertical markets. Through our acquisition of Accord, we acquired approximately 14,000 WSEs, approximately 500 clients and 8 sales representatives. • In June 2009, we acquired Florida-based Gevity HR Inc., which we refer to as Gevity, which has provided us with insurance and risk-management expertise and a national presence through its East Coast processing facility. Through our acquisition of Gevity, we acquired approximately 92,000 WSEs and approximately 6,000 clients. Following our acquisition of Gevity, we elected to change the pricing terms with certain of Gevity’s clients, terminate Gevity’s relationships with certain of its clients, significantly restructure Gevity’s and our combined sales forces and migrate all of Gevity’s WSEs to our technology platform. As a result of these actions, our revenues fell short of our expectations in 2010 and declined in 2011, and we incurred restructuring charges of $2.4 million, $5.9 million and $6.2 million in the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009, respectively. Key Operating Metrics We regularly review certain key operating metrics to evaluate growth trends, measure our performance and make strategic decisions. Our key operating metrics at December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012, were as follows: Total WSEs We define Total WSEs at the end of a given fiscal period as the total number of WSEs paid in the last calendar month of the fiscal period. We believe that comparing our Total WSEs at the end of a fiscal period to that of prior periods is an indicator of our success in growing our business, both organically and through the integration of acquired businesses, and retaining clients, and that our Total WSEs paid in the last calendar month of the fiscal period is a leading indicator of our anticipated revenues for future fiscal periods. Total Sales Representatives Our direct sales force consists of sales representatives who focus on serving clients in specific industry vertical markets. We define Total Sales Representatives at the end of a given fiscal period as the total number of our direct sales force employees at that date. We believe that comparing our Total Sales Representatives at the end of a fiscal period to our Total Sales Representatives at the end of a prior fiscal period is an indicator of our success in growing our business, and that our Total Sales Representatives at the end of recent fiscal periods is a key indicator of our ability to increase our revenues in the following fiscal periods. Net Insurance Service Revenues and Net Service Revenues We define Net Insurance Service Revenues as insurance service revenues less insurance costs. We define Net Service Revenues as the sum of professional service revenues and Net Insurance Service Revenues. Our total revenues on a GAAP basis represent the total amount invoiced by us to our clients, net of direct pass-through costs such as payroll and payroll tax payments, for the services we provide to our clients. Our insurance costs include the premiums we pay to insurance carriers for the health and workers compensation insurance coverage provided to our clients and WSEs and the reimbursements we pay to the insurance carriers for claim payments within our insurance deductible layer. We act principally as the service provider to add value in the execution and procurement of these services to our clients. Net Insurance Service Revenues is the primary indicator of our ability to source, add value and offer benefit services to WSEs through third-party insurance carriers, and is considered by management to be a key performance measure. We believe that Net Service Revenues is also a key performance measure as it provides a useful measure of total revenues for the two main components of our revenues calculated on a consistent basis. In addition, management believes measuring operating costs as a function of Net Service Revenues provides a useful metric, as we believe it enables better evaluation of the performance of our business. Impact of Health Care Reform The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act and the Heath Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010, which we refer to collectively as the Act, entail sweeping health care reforms with staggered effective dates from 2010 through 2018, and many provisions of the Act require the issuance of additional guidance from the U.S. Departments of Labor and Health and Human Services, the IRS and U.S. states. A number of key provisions of the Act have begun to take effect over the last year, including the establishment of state and federally insurance exchanges, insurance market reforms, “pay or play” penalties on applicable large employers and the imposition and assessment of excise taxes on the health insurance industry and reinsurance taxes on insurers and third-party administrators. Collectively, these items have the potential to significantly change the insurance marketplace for employers and how employers offer or provide insurance to employees. We are not yet able to determine the impacts to our business, and to our clients, resulting from the Act. In future periods, the Act may result in increased costs to us and our clients and could affect our ability to attract and retain clients. Additionally, we may be limited or delayed in our ability to increase service fees to offset any associated potential increased costs resulting from compliance with the Act. Furthermore, the uncertainty surrounding the terms and application of the Act may delay or inhibit the decisions of potential clients to outsource their HR needs. As a result, these changes could have a negative impact on our operating results. 36 Year Ended December 31, 2014 2013 2012 Key Operating Metrics: Net Insurance Service Revenues (in thousands) $ 165,142 $ 145,318 $ 120,803 Net Service Revenues (in thousands) $ 507,216 $ 417,690 $ 269,036 Total WSEs 288,312 231,203 174,311 Total Sales Representatives 385 300 224 Seasonality and Insurance Variability Historically, we have experienced our highest monthly addition of WSEs, as well as our highest monthly levels of client attrition, in the month of January, primarily because clients that change their payroll service providers tend to do so at the beginning of a calendar year. In addition, we experience higher levels of client attrition in connection with renewals of the health insurance we provide for our WSEs, in the event that such renewals result in increased premiums that we pass on to our clients. We have also historically experienced higher insurance claim volumes in the second and third quarters of a fiscal year than in the first and fourth quarters of a fiscal year, as WSEs typically access their health care providers more often in the second and third quarters of a fiscal year, which has negatively impacted our insurance costs in these quarters. We have also experienced variability on a quarterly basis in the level of our insurance claims based on the unpredictable nature of large claims. These historical trends may change, and other seasonal trends and variability may develop that make it more difficult for us to manage our business. Basis of Presentation and Key Components of Our Results of Operations Total Revenues Our total revenues consist of professional service revenues and insurance service revenues. We earn professional service revenues by processing HR transactions, such as payroll and employment tax withholding, payment to WSEs, and labor and benefit law compliance, on behalf of our clients. Our clients pay us these fees based on either a fixed fee per WSE per month or per transaction, or a percentage of the WSE’s payroll cost, pursuant to written professional services agreements that are generally cancelable by us or our clients upon 30 days’ prior written notice. We also earn professional service revenues by providing strategic HR services to our clients, such as talent acquisition, performance management and time and expense reporting services. Our clients pay us professional service fees for these services based on separate written agreements. We earn insurance service revenues by providing risk-based, third-party plans to our clients, primarily employee health benefit plans and workers compensation insurance. Insurance service revenues consist of insurance-related billings and administrative fees. We recognize as insurance service revenues insurance-related billings and administrative fees collected from clients and withheld from WSEs for risk-based insurance plans provided through third-party insurance carriers, primarily employee health insurance and workers compensation insurance. We in turn pay premiums to third-party insurance carriers for these insurance benefits, as well as reimburse them for claim payments within our insurance deductible layer. These premiums and reimbursements are classified as insurance costs on our statements of operations. Our clients pay us administrative fees, typically based on a percentage of insurance-related amounts, collected from clients and withheld from WSEs, primarily in exchange for our administration of employee health benefit plans. Insurance Costs Insurance costs include the premiums we pay to the insurance carriers for the health and workers compensation insurance coverage provided to the clients and WSEs and the reimbursements we pay to the insurance carriers for claim payments made for our WSEs within the insurance deductible layer. Our insurance costs are, in part, a function of the type and terms of agreements that we enter into with the insurance carriers that provide fully-insured coverage for our WSEs. Approximately 41% of our 2014 health insurance premiums were for policies with respect to which our carriers set the premiums and for which we were not responsible for any deductible. Our future premiums under these, or ensuing, policies will be influenced by the WSE claims activity in prior periods. The remainder of the health insurance policies and all of the workers compensation insurance policies that we provide to our clients are policies with respect to which we agree to reimburse our carriers for any claims that they pay within our deductible layer. Under these policies, WSEs file claims with the carriers, which are responsible for paying the claims up to the maximum coverage under the policies. The carriers then seek reimbursement from us up to our deductible per incident for workers compensation claims, or up to a cap for health insurance claims in accordance with the terms of the underlying health insurance policies. In no event are we liable to pay the claims directly to WSEs. As we evaluate the claims experience for each fiscal period, we adjust, as we deem necessary, our workers compensation and health benefits reserves, and this in turn has a corresponding impact on our insurance costs. As a result, our insurance costs fluctuate, significantly at times, from period to period depending on the number and severity of the claims incurred by our WSEs. We expect our insurance costs to continue to increase in absolute dollars for the foreseeable future due to expected growth in WSEs. 37 Cost of Providing Services Cost of providing services consists primarily of costs incurred by us associated with direct customer support, such as payroll and benefits processing, professional HR consultants, employee liability insurance and costs associated with defending clients in employment-related legal claims, benefits and risk management, postage and shipping expenses and consulting expenses. We expect our cost of providing services to continue to increase in absolute dollars on an annual basis for the foreseeable future due to expected growth in WSEs, partially offset by improved efficiencies, although these expenses may fluctuate as a percentage of our total revenues from period to period depending on the timing of these expenses. Sales and Marketing Expenses Sales and marketing expenses consist primarily of salaries, commissions and related variable compensation expenses, commission payments to partners and the cost of marketing programs. Marketing programs consist of advertising, lead generation, marketing events, corporate communications, brand building and product marketing activities, as well as various incentivized partnership and referral programs. We expect our sales and marketing expenses to continue to increase, both in absolute dollars and as a percentage of our total revenues on an annual basis, for the foreseeable future as we expand our sales force and our other sales and marketing efforts to build our brand, although these expenses may fluctuate as a percentage of our total revenues from period to period depending on the timing of those expenses. General and Administrative Expenses General and administrative expenses consist primarily of compensation-related expenses, legal and other professional services fees and other general corporate expenses. We expect our general and administrative expenses to continue to increase in absolute dollars for the foreseeable future due to increases in our legal and financial compliance costs in connection with being a newly public company, although these expenses may fluctuate as a percentage of our total revenues from period to period depending on the timing of those expenses. Systems Development and Programming Costs Systems development and programming costs consist primarily of compensation-related expenses for our employees and contractors dedicated to systems development and programming, as well as fees that we pay to third-party consulting firms. We expect our systems development and programming costs to continue to increase modestly in absolute dollars for the foreseeable future as we continue to invest in and improve our technology platform. However, over time, we expect our systems development and programming costs to remain relatively consistent as a percentage of our total revenues on an annual basis, although these costs may fluctuate as a percentage of our total revenues from period to period depending on when we incur those costs. Amortization of Intangible Assets Amortization of intangible assets represents costs associated with an acquired company’s developed technologies, client lists, trade names and contractual agreements. We amortize these intangibles over their respective estimated useful lives using either the straight-line method or the accelerated method. Depreciation Depreciation consists primarily of amortization of the cost of software and furniture, fixtures and equipment. Other Income (Expense) Other income (expense) consists primarily of interest expense under our credit facility and capital leases, debt issuance cost amortization, and a prepayment premium. Provision for Income Taxes We are subject to taxation in the United States and Canada. We conduct our business primarily in the United States, and all of our clients are U.S. employers. However, we provide services with respect to certain of our clients’ employees in Canada. The percentage of our total revenues attributable to WSEs in Canada was less than 1% for each of 2014 and 2013. Our effective tax rate differs from the statutory rate primarily due to state taxes, tax credits, non-deductible charges and changes in uncertain tax positions. We make estimates and judgments about our future taxable income based on assumptions that are consistent with our plans and estimates. Should the actual amounts differ from our estimates, the amount of our valuation allowance could be materially affected. 38 Income taxes are computed using the asset and liability method, under which deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the difference between the financial statement and tax bases of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to affect taxable income. Valuation allowances are established when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized. Changes in valuation allowances are reflected as a component of provision for income taxes. Results of Operations The following tables set forth our results of operations for the periods presented and as a percentage of our total revenues and Net Service Revenues for those periods. Period-to-period comparisons of our financial results are not necessarily indicative of financial results to be achieved in future periods. 39 Year Ended December 31, 2014 2013 2012 (in thousands) Consolidated Statement of Operations: Professional service revenues $ 342,074 $ 272,372 $ 148,233 Insurance service revenues 1,851,457 1,371,903 870,828 Total revenues 2,193,531 1,644,275 1,019,061 Costs and operating expenses: Insurance costs 1,686,315 1,226,585 750,025 Cost of providing services (exclusive of depreciation and amortization of intangible assets) (1) 134,256 106,661 63,563 Sales and marketing (1) 139,997 109,183 59,931 General and administrative (1) 53,926 52,455 37,879 Systems development and programming costs (1) 26,101 19,948 16,718 Amortization of intangible assets 52,302 51,369 17,441 Depreciation 13,843 11,737 11,676 Total costs and operating expenses 2,106,740 1,577,938 957,233 Operating income 86,791 66,337 61,828 Other income (expense): Interest expense and bank fees (54,193 ) (45,724 ) (9,709 ) Other, net 478 471 57 Income before provision for income taxes 33,076 21,084 52,176 Provision for income taxes 17,579 7,937 20,344 Net income $ 15,497 $ 13,147 $ 31,832 (1) Includes stock-based compensation expense as follows: Year Ended December 31, 2014 2013 2012 (in thousands) Cost of providing services $ 2,658 $ 1,193 $ 516 Sales and marketing 2,755 1,284 500 General and administrative 4,517 3,220 3,144 Systems development and programming costs 1,030 416 200 Total stock-based compensation expense $ 10,960 $ 6,113 $ 4,360  40 Year Ended December 31, 2014 2013 2012 Percentage of total revenues: Professional service revenues 16 % 17 % 15 % Insurance service revenues 84 % 83 % 85 % Total revenues 100 % 100 % 100 % Costs and operating expenses: Insurance costs 77 % 75 % 74 % Cost of providing services (exclusive of depreciation and amortization of intangible assets) 6 % 6 % 6 % Sales and marketing 6 % 7 % 6 % General and administrative 2 % 3 % 4 % Systems development and programming costs 1 % 1 % 2 % Amortization of intangible assets 2 % 3 % 2 % Depreciation 1 % 1 % 1 % Total costs and operating expenses 96 % 96 % 94 % Operating income 4 % 4 % 6 % Other income (expense): Interest expense and bank fees (2 %) (3 %) (1 %) Other, net 0 % 0 % 0 % Income before provision for income taxes 2 % 1 % 5 % Provision for income taxes 1 % 0 % 2 % Net income 1 % 1 % 3 % Year Ended December 31, 2014 2013 2012 Percentage of Net Service Revenues: Professional service revenues 67 % 65 % 55 % Net Insurance Service Revenues 33 % 35 % 45 % Net Service Revenues 100 % 100 % 100 % Other operating expenses: Cost of providing services (exclusive of depreciation and amortization of intangible assets) 26 % 26 % 24 % Sales and marketing 28 % 26 % 22 % General and administrative 11 % 13 % 14 % Systems development and programming costs 5 % 5 % 6 % Amortization of intangible assets 10 % 12 % 6 % Depreciation 3 % 3 % 4 % Total other operating expenses 83 % 84 % 77 % Operating income 17 % 16 % 23 % Other income (expense): Interest expense and bank fees (11 %) (11 %) (4 %) Other, net 0 % 0 % 0 % Income before provision for income taxes 7 % 5 % 19 % Provision for income taxes 3 % 2 % 8 % Net income 3 % 3 % 12 %  Years Ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012 Total Revenues and Key Operating Metrics Total revenues for 2014 increased $549.3 million, or 33%, compared to 2013. Professional service revenues and insurance service revenues represented 16% and 84%, respectively, of total revenues for 2014, compared to 17% and 83%, respectively, of total revenues for 2013. The increase in total revenues was attributable to the significant growth of our Total WSEs and revenues from our acquisition of Ambrose Employer Group, LLC, or Ambrose, in the third quarter of 2013, as further described below. Professional service revenues for 2014 increased $69.7 million, or 26%, compared to 2013. The increase was mainly attributable to our increase in Total WSEs and our acquisition of Ambrose in third quarter of 2013, which contributed $15.4 million of professional service revenues during the first half of 2014. Our insurance service revenues for 2014 increased $479.6 million, or 35%, compared to 2013. The increase was primarily due to our increase in Total WSEs. Additionally, our acquisition of Ambrose contributed $130.4 million of insurance service revenues during the first half of 2014. Total WSEs at December 31, 2014 increased by approximately 57,000, or 25%, compared to Total WSEs at December 31, 2013. Our Total Sales Representatives increased from 300 at December 31, 2013 to 385 at December 31, 2014. Total revenues for 2013 increased by $625.2 million, or 61%, compared to 2012. Professional service revenues for 2013 increased by $124.1 million, or 84%, compared to 2012. Of this amount, $88.1 million was attributable to our acquisitions of SOI, Ambrose and Accord. The remaining growth was primarily due to a 22% increase in Total WSEs (excluding WSEs added as a result of our acquisitions of Accord, SOI and Ambrose) and a 7% increase in average professional service revenues per WSE other than those acquired from Accord, SOI and Ambrose. Insurance service revenues for 2013 increased by $501.1 million, or 58%, compared to 2012 primarily due to $316.5 million from our acquisitions of SOI, Ambrose and Accord, an increase in Total WSEs other than those acquired from Accord, SOI and Ambrose, and a 2% increase in average insurance service revenues per WSE other than those acquired from Accord, SOI and Ambrose. Total WSEs at December, 2013 increased by approximately 57,000, or 33%, compared to Total WSEs at December 31, 2012, with approximately 13,000 of such increase due to the Ambrose acquisition. The remaining growth in Total WSEs was primarily driven by a net increase in total clients other than those acquired from Ambrose. Our Total Sales Representatives increased from 224 at December 31, 2012 to 300 at December, 2013, 12 of which we acquired from Ambrose. Insurance Costs 41 Year Ended Change Change December 31, 2014 vs. 2013 2013 vs. 2012 2014 2013 2012 $ % $ % (in thousands, except percentages) Professional service revenues $ 342,074 $ 272,372 $ 148,233 $ 69,702 26% $ 124,139 84% Insurance service revenues 1,851,457 1,371,903 870,828 479,554 35% 501,075 58% Total revenues $ 2,193,531 $ 1,644,275 $ 1,019,061 $ 549,256 33% $ 625,214 61% Year Ended Change Change December 31, 2014 vs. 2013 2013 vs. 2012 2014 2013 2012 $ % $ % (in thousands, except percentages) Key operating metrics: Total WSEs 288,312 231,203 174,311 57,109 25% 56,892 33% Total Sales Representatives 385 300 224 85 28% 76 34% Year Ended Change Change December 31, 2014 vs. 2013 2013 vs. 2012 2014 2013 2012 $ % $ % (in thousands, except percentages) Insurance costs $ 1,686,315 $ 1,226,585 $ 750,025 $ 459,730 37% $ 476,560 64% Insurance costs for 2014 increased $459.7 million, or 37%, compared to 2013, $118.6 million of which was due to our acquisition of Ambrose. The remaining increase resulted from an increase in Total WSEs other than those acquired from Ambrose and a 3% increase in average insurance costs per WSE other than those acquired from Ambrose. Insurance costs for 2013 increased $476.6 million, or 64%, compared to 2012, primarily due to $311.0 million from our acquisitions of Accord, SOI and Ambrose. The remaining increase resulted from an increase in Total WSEs other than those acquired from Ambrose and a 2% increase in average insurance costs per WSE other than those acquired from Ambrose. Net Insurance Service Revenues and Net Service Revenues For the reasons set forth above with respect to total revenues, our Net Insurance Service Revenues for 2014 increased by $19.8 million, or 14%, as compared to 2013, and our Net Service Revenues for 2014 increased by $89.5 million, or 21%, as compared to 2013. Also for the reasons set forth above with respect to total revenues, our Net Insurance Service Revenues for 2013 increased by $24.5 million, or 20%, as compared to 2012, and our Net Service Revenues for 2013 increased by $148.7 million, or 55%, as compared to 2012. Other Operating Expenses 42 Year Ended Change Change December 31, 2014 vs. 2013 2013 vs. 2012 2014 2013 2012 $ % $ % (in thousands, except percentages) Insurance service revenues $ 1,851,457 $ 1,371,903 $ 870,828 $ 479,554 35% $ 501,075 58% Less: Insurance costs 1,686,315 1,226,585 750,025 459,730 37% 476,560 64% Net Insurance Service Revenues $ 165,142 $ 145,318 $ 120,803 $ 19,824 14% $ 24,515 20% Year Ended Change Change December 31, 2014 vs. 2013 2013 vs. 2012 2014 2013 2012 $ % $ % (in thousands, except percentages) Total revenues $ 2,193,531 $ 1,644,275 $ 1,019,061 $ 549,256 33% $ 625,214 61% Less: insurance costs 1,686,315 1,226,585 750,025 459,730 37% 476,560 64% Net Service Revenues $ 507,216 $ 417,690 $ 269,036 $ 89,526 21% $ 148,654 55% Year Ended Change Change December 31, 2014 vs. 2013 2013 vs. 2012 2014 2013 2012 $ % $ % (in thousands, except percentages) Cost of providing services $ 134,256 $ 106,661 $ 63,563 $ 27,595 26% $ 43,098 68% Sales and marketing 139,997 109,183 59,931 30,814 28% 49,252 82% General and administrative 53,926 52,455 37,879 1,471 3% 14,576 38% System development and programming costs 26,101 19,948 16,718 6,153 31% 3,230 19% Amortization of intangible assets 52,302 51,369 17,441 933 2% 33,928 195% Depreciation 13,843 11,737 11,676 2,106 18% 61 1% Total other operating expenses $ 420,425 $ 351,353 $ 207,208 $ 69,072 20% $ 144,145 70% Cost of Providing Services Cost of providing services for 2014 increased by $27.6 million, or 26%, compared to 2013, primarily due to an increase in compensation-related costs. Compensation-related costs increased by $21.5 million, or 28%, due to increased headcount, including $4.0 million from our acquisition of Ambrose and a $1.5 million increase in stock-based compensation not related to Ambrose. Facilities-related costs increased by $1.5 million, or 27%, due to the growth of our business. Other expenses increased $4.1 million, or 25%, mainly due to increased consulting costs incurred to enhance our product offering. Cost of providing services as a percentage of total revenues and Net Service Revenues remained unchanged at 6% of total revenues and 26% of Net Service Revenues for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013. Cost of providing services for 2013 increased by $43.1 million, or 68%, compared to 2012, primarily due to our acquisitions of SOI and Ambrose. Compensation-related costs increased by $31.3 million due to increased headcount, including $21.1 million from our acquisitions of SOI and Ambrose. Facilities-related costs increased by $1.7 million due to our acquisitions of SOI and Ambrose, partly offset by a reduction in expense associated with a renegotiation of certain lease terms. The remainder of the increase was due to an increase in WSEs other than those that we acquired from SOI and Ambrose. Sales and Marketing Sales and marketing expenses for 2014 increased by $30.8 million, or 28%, compared to 2013. Of this increase, $23.0 million was due to compensation-related costs, including $2.9 million from our acquisition of Ambrose and $18.3 million from our growth in direct sales channels, primarily the addition of new sales representatives, as well as a $1.5 million increase in stock based compensation. Marketing and advertising expenses increased $3.8 million, or 24%, primarily due to our acquisition of Ambrose and as a result of our effort to focus on market verticals and penetration. Other expenses increased $3.3 million, or 20%, primarily due to increased sales travel, meeting and conference activities, as well as other expenses associated with recruiting efforts and information technology. Sales and marketing expenses as a percentage of total revenues decreased to 6% for the year ended December 31, 2014 compared to 7% for the year ended December 31, 2013. As a percentage of Net Service Revenues, sales and marketing expenses increased to 28% for the year ended December 31, 2014 compared to 26% for the year ended December 31, 2013. Sales and marketing expenses for 2013 increased by $49.3 million, or 82%, compared to 2012. Of this increase, $34.2 million was attributable to compensation-related costs, $19.1 million of which was attributable to increased headcount mainly from our acquisitions of SOI and Ambrose, and $15.0 million of which was attributable to growth in our direct sales channel, primarily the addition of new sales representatives. The remaining increase in sales and marketing expenses was partially attributable to marketing and advertising expenses, which increased by $7.0 million, or 78%, largely due to our acquisitions of SOI and Ambrose. In addition, facilities-related expenses increased by $1.1 million, or 53%, primarily due to our acquisitions of SOI and Ambrose, and partly offset by reduction in expense associated with a renegotiation of certain lease terms. Other expenses increased by $7.0 million, or 76%, primarily due to increased sales travel, meeting and conference activities, as well as increased expenses associated with recruiting efforts and information technology spending to support the growth of our sales organization. 43 Year Ended Change Change December 31, 2014 vs. 2013 2013 vs. 2012 2014 2013 2012 $ % $ % (in thousands, except percentages) Compensation-related costs $ 97,423 $ 75,941 $ 44,629 $ 21,482 28% $ 31,312 70% Facilities 7,149 5,615 3,941 1,534 27% 1,674 42% Information technology and communication 8,948 8,482 4,720 466 5% 3,762 80% Other expenses 20,736 16,623 10,273 4,113 25% 6,350 62% Total cost of providing services $ 134,256 $ 106,661 $ 63,563 $ 27,595 26% $ 43,098 68% Year Ended Change Change December 31, 2014 vs. 2013 2013 vs. 2012 2014 2013 2012 $ % $ % (in thousands, except percentages) Compensation-related costs $ 96,903 $ 73,901 $ 39,740 $ 23,002 31% $ 34,161 86% Marketing and advertising 19,667 15,863 8,894 3,804 24% 6,969 78% Facilities 3,832 3,155 2,066 677 21% 1,089 53% Other expenses 19,595 16,264 9,231 3,331 20% 7,033 76% Total sales and marketing $ 139,997 $ 109,183 $ 59,931 $ 30,814 28% $ 49,252 82% General and Administrative General and administrative expenses for 2014, increased by $1.5 million, or 3%, compared to 2013. Of these expenses, compensation-related costs increased $0.8 million compared to 2013. General and administrative expenses decreased to 2% of total revenues, or 11% of Net Service Revenues, for the year ended December 31, 2014, from 3% of total revenues, or 13% of Net Service Revenues, in the same period of the prior year as a result of efficiencies realized subsequent to our acquisitions. General and administrative expenses for 2013 increased by $14.6 million, or 38%, compared to 2012, primarily due to increased headcount resulting from our acquisitions of SOI and Ambrose and increased legal, professional services and other corporate expenses resulting from these acquisitions and related integration efforts. Systems Development and Programming Systems development and programming costs for 2014 increased by $6.2 million, or 31%, compared to 2013. The increase was mainly due to an increase in compensation-related costs resulting from the increase in headcount to support and enhance our technology product delivery. Despite these increases, systems development and programming costs remained unchanged at 1% of total revenues, or 5% of Net Service Revenues, for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013. Systems development and programming costs for 2013 increased by $3.2 million, or 19%, compared to 2012. Of this increase, $1.5 million was attributable to increased headcount from our acquisitions of SOI and Ambrose. The remaining increase was due to a $1.6 million increase in compensation-related costs resulting from the increase in headcount other than those we acquired from SOI and Ambrose to support and enhance our technology product delivery. Amortization of Intangible Assets and Depreciation In 2014, amortization of intangible assets expense increased by $0.9 million, or 2%, primarily attributable to our acquisition of Ambrose in the third quarter of 2013, offset by expiration of useful lives of certain customer lists and non-compete agreements related to our previous acquisitions. Depreciation expense increased by $2.1 million, or 18%, compared to 2013, primarily attributable to depreciation from our acquisition of Ambrose. Amortization of intangible assets for 2013 increased by $33.9 million, or 195%, compared to 2012. Such increase was primarily attributable to our acquisitions of SOI and Ambrose. Depreciation expense for 2013 increased by $0.1 million, or 1%, compared to 2012, primarily attributable to depreciation from our acquisitions of SOI and Ambrose, partially offset by accelerated depreciation recorded in 2012. 44 Year Ended Change Change December 31, 2014 vs. 2013 2013 vs. 2012 2014 2013 2012 $ % $ % (in thousands, except percentages) Compensation-related costs $ 32,697 $ 31,934 $ 23,384 $ 763 2% $ 8,550 37% Legal and professional fees 6,969 6,910 4,904 59 1% 2,006 41% Other expenses 14,260 13,611 9,591 649 5% 4,020 42% Total general and administrative $ 53,926 $ 52,455 $ 37,879 $ 1,471 3% $ 14,576 38% Year Ended Change Change December 31, 2014 vs. 2013 2013 vs. 2012 2014 2013 2012 $ % $ % (in thousands, except percentages) Compensation-related costs $ 20,766 $ 15,493 $ 12,427 $ 5,273 34% $ 3,066 25% Other expenses 5,335 4,455 4,291 880 20% 164 4% Total systems development and programming costs $ 26,101 $ 19,948 $ 16,718 $ 6,153 31% $ 3,230 19% Year Ended Change Change December 31, 2014 vs. 2013 2013 vs. 2012 2014 2013 2012 $ % $ % (in thousands, except percentages) Amortization of intangible assets $ 52,302 $ 51,369 $ 17,441 $ 933 2% $ 33,928 195% Depreciation $ 13,843 $ 11,737 $ 11,676 $ 2,106 18% $ 61 1% We accelerated depreciation expenses of $0.9 million, $0.8 million and $2.8 million in the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013, and 2012, respectively, due to significant changes in the extent and manner in which certain assets were expected to be used. Other Income (Expense) Other income (expense) was primarily the result of interest expense under our credit facilities. In October 2012 we amended and restated our secured credit facility to provide for total borrowings of $350.0 million, and in April 2013 we amended our credit facility to provide for total borrowings of $500.0 million. In August 2013, we entered into two new senior secured credit facilities for total borrowings of $820.0 million to pay off our previous credit facility and pay a special dividend. At that time we recorded a charge of $11.4 million with respect to unamortized loan fees from the previous credit facility. Interest expense increased correspondingly with the increased indebtedness. In March 2014, we repaid $216.6 million of these facilities from our IPO proceeds. Interest expense increased for the year ended December 31, 2014 due to a $5.0 million charge related to the acceleration of loan fee amortization due to our refinancing activities, and a $3.8 million prepayment premium related to our partial repayment of the credit facilities during the year. Provision for Income Taxes Our provision for income taxes for 2014 increased by $9.6 million compared to 2013 primarily due to the increase in our pre-tax income and our effective tax rate increased from 37.6% for 2013 to 53.2% in 2014, primarily due to non-deductible stock-based compensation, and the revaluation of deferred taxes, based on regulatory state tax law changes enacted during the first quarter ended March 31, 2014. Of the $9.6 million increase, $2.6 million in discrete tax expense representing 7.8% of pretax income is attributed to the revaluation of deferred taxes due to a state law change. The remainder of the increase is primarily due to a release of uncertain tax positions recognized for the first quarter ended March 31, 2013. Our provision for income taxes for 2013 decreased by $12.4 million compared to 2012 primarily due to the decrease in our pre-tax income. Our effective tax rate decreased from 39.0% for 2012 to 37.6% for 2013, primarily due to a release of uncertain tax positions as a result of statute expirations and a retroactive law change in 2013, allowing for recognition of certain tax credits. Liquidity and Capital Resources Our principal source of liquidity for operations is derived from cash provided by operating activities. We rely on cash provided by operating activities to meet our short-term liquidity requirements, which primarily relate to the payment of corporate payroll and other operating costs, and capital expenditures. Our credit facilities have been used to fund acquisitions and dividends, and we have not relied on these facilities to provide liquidity for our operations. Our cash flow related to WSE payroll and benefits is generally matched by advance collection from our clients. To minimize the credit risk associated with remitting the payroll and associated taxes and benefits costs, we predominately require clients to prefund the payroll and related payroll taxes and benefits costs. To the extent this does not occur, our results of operations and cash flow may be negatively impacted. WSE-related liabilities can fluctuate significantly due to various factors, including the day of the week on which a client payroll period ends, the existence of holidays at or immediately following a client payroll period-end and various federal and state compliance calendars. We report the advance collection from our clients as payroll funds collected within WSE-related assets on our balance sheet. Our cash and cash equivalents reported on our balance sheet represent our corporate cash available to meet corporate liquidity requirements, capital spending and expansion plans, potential acquisitions, debt service requirements and other corporate operating cash needs. 45 Year Ended Change Change December 31, 2014 vs. 2013 2013 vs. 2012 2014 2013 2012 $ % $ % (in thousands, except percentages) Interest expense and bank fees $ (54,193 ) $ (45,724 ) $ (9,709 ) $ (8,469 ) 19% $ (36,015 ) 371% Other, net $ 478 $ 471 $ 57 $ 7 1% $ 414 726% Year Ended Change Change December 31, 2014 vs. 2013 2013 vs. 2012 2014 2013 2012 $ % $ % (in thousands, except percentages) Provision for income taxes $ 17,579 $ 7,937 $ 20,344 $ 9,642 121% $ (12,407 ) (61% ) Effective tax rates 53.2 % 37.6 % 39.0 % The following table shows our capital resources for the stated periods: We had cash and cash equivalents of $134.3 million and $94.4 million as of December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively. The increase was primarily due to the cash generated from operations during the year ended December 31, 2014. We believe that our existing cash and cash equivalents, working capital and cash provided by operating activities will be sufficient to meet our working capital and capital expenditure needs for at least the next 12 months. WSE-related assets consist of cash and investments restricted for current workers compensation deductible payments, payroll funds collected, accounts receivable, unbilled revenues and refundable or prepaid amounts related to our sponsored workers compensation and health plan programs. WSE-related liabilities consist of customer prepayments, wages and payroll taxes accrued and payable and liabilities related to our sponsored workers compensation and health plan programs resulting from deductible reserves and premium amounts due to providers for enrolled employees expected to be disbursed within the next 12 months. Our working capital asset accounts consist of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivables, prepaid assets, WSE-related assets and other current assets. Liabilities included within working capital include accounts payable, accrued expenses, WSE-related liabilities and other current liabilities and the current portion of our notes payable. As of December 31, 2014, we had $51.0 million in corporate working capital and $4.6 million in WSE-related assets net of WSE-related liabilities. Corporate working capital decreased by $9.3 million as compared to December 31, 2013 primarily due to an increase in deferred tax liabilities.Included in WSE-related assets as of December 31, 2014 is $1.3 billion of payroll funds collected from customers, which represents cash available to settle short-term WSE-related operating liabilities. Changes in WSE-related assets and liabilities are included in operating cash flow in our consolidated statement of cash flows. Under the terms of the agreements with our workers compensation insurance carriers, we are required to maintain collateral accounts to fund the carriers’ claim payments within our deductible layer. The collateral amount is determined at the beginning of each plan year based on estimated workers compensation wages and claim histories and the insurance carrier may adjust the balance when facts and circumstances change. As of December 31, 2014, we had $64.9 million of restricted cash included in WSE-related assets and $69.4 million of marketable securities designated as long-term restricted cash and investments on the consolidated balance sheet. Our restricted marketable securities investment portfolio represents U.S. long-term treasuries and mutual funds. We regularly review the collateral balances with our insurance carriers, and we do not anticipate any material additional collateral obligations to be required in 2014 for our workers compensation arrangements. At December 31, 2014, we had approximately $544.9 million of outstanding debt under our credit facility. On July 9, 2014, we amended and restated our first lien credit facility pursuant to an amended and restated first lien credit agreement, or the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement. The Amended and Restated Credit Agreement provides for: (i) $375 million principal amount of “tranche A term loans,” (ii) $200 million principal amount of “tranche B term loans,” and (iii) a revolving credit facility of $75 million. The tranche A term loans and the revolving credit facility will mature on July 9, 2019. The tranche B term loans will mature on July 9, 2017. Loans under the revolving credit facility are expected to be used for working capital and other general corporate purposes. The repayment of obligations under the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement could adversely affect our liquidity if we have not generated sufficient cash from our operations to meet these obligations when they are due. 46 As of December 31, 2014 2013 (in thousands) Cash and cash equivalents $ 134,341 $ 94,356 Working capital: Corporate working capital 50,996 60,248 WSE-related assets, net of WSE-related liabilities $ 4,581 $ 4,813 Cash Flows We generated positive cash flows from operating activities during 2014, 2013 and 2012. We also have the ability to generate cash through our financing arrangements under our credit facility to meet short-term funding requirements related to WSE-related obligations. The following table shows our cash flows from operating activities, investing activities and financing activities for the stated periods: Cash Flows from Operating Activities Net cash provided by operating activities was $153.8 million, $100.7 and $80.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012, respectively. Historically, cash provided by operating activities has been affected by our net income, adjusted for non-cash expense items (such as depreciation, amortization of intangible assets, deferred income taxes, and expense associated with stock-based compensation) and changes in working capital accounts. The fluctuation in our working capital accounts was primarily driven by WSE-related assets and liabilities, deferred taxes and increased workers compensation liabilities. Cash Flows from Investing Activities Net cash used in investing activities was $45.4 million in 2014, as compared to $212.4 million in 2013 and $262.6 million in 2012. In 2014, we invested $24.9 million in debt securities compared to $7.8 million in 2013. Investments to purchase property and equipment were $20.6 million for 2014 compared to $10.7 million for the same period of 2013 reflecting an increased investment in technology to enhance our product offerings. In 2013, we used $195.0 million (net of cash acquired) for the acquisition of Ambrose. In 2012 we used $225.8 million (net of cash acquired) for the acquisitions of SOI, Accord and ExpenseCloud and $28.5 million for investments in debt securities. Cash Flows from Financing Activities Net cash used in financing activities was $68.3 million in 2014, compared to $142.4 million provided by financing activities in 2013 and $214.2 million provided by financing activities in 2012. Net cash used in financing activities during 2014 consisted of $273.6 million in loan repayments, $16.4 million in stock repurchases and $11.1 million in payments for debt issuance costs, offset by $217.8 million of net proceeds received from the issuance of common stock in our IPO, $2.2 million received in connection with the exercise of stock options and $3.4 million in proceeds from issuance of our common stock for the employee stock purchase plan. Net cash provided by financing activities during 2013 was largely attributable to the borrowing of $970.0 million from our credit facilities, offset by $25.7 million in payments for debt issuance costs, $451.7 million in loan repayments, $14.6 million in common stock repurchases and $357.6 million of special dividends. Net cash provided by financing activities during 2012 was largely attributable to our borrowing of $405.0 million under our credit facility and receipt of $5.4 million in proceeds from stock option exercises, offset by $105.7 million in repayments of notes payable, the payment of a $75.4 million special dividend and the payment of $14.0 million in debt issuance costs. 2014 Credit Facility In August 2013, we, as guarantor, our subsidiary TriNet HR Corporation, as borrower, and certain of our other subsidiaries as subsidiary guarantors entered into two senior secured credit facilities: (i) a $705.0 million first lien credit facility with JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent, and (ii) a $190.0 million second lien credit facility with Wilmington Trust, National Association, as administrative agent. In March 2014, proceeds from our IPO were used to fully repay the $190.0 million second lien credit facility, which resulted in a prepayment premium of $3.8 million, and to repay $25.0 million of the first lien credit tranche B-1 term loan. Additionally, the remaining balance of the loan fees associated with the second lien credit facility and a portion of the loan fees associated with the first lien credit facility were fully amortized in March 2014 for a charge of $5.0 million. On July 9, 2014, we amended and restated our first lien credit facility pursuant to an amended and restated first lien credit agreement, or the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement. 47 Year Ended December 31, 2014 2013 2012 (in thousands) Net cash provided by (used in): Operating activities $ 153,838 $ 100,721 $ 80,542 Investing activities (45,427 ) (212,438 ) (262,608 ) Financing activities (68,311 ) 142,377 214,190 Effect of exchange rates on cash and cash equivalents (115 ) (53 ) 5 Net increase in cash and cash equivalents $ 39,985 $ 30,607 $ 32,129 The Amended and Restated Credit Agreement provides for: (i) $375 million principal amount of tranche A term loans, (ii) $200 million principal amount of tranche B term loans, and (iii) a revolving credit facility of $75 million. The proceeds of the tranche A term loans were used to refinance in part the tranche B-2 term loans outstanding under the original first lien credit facility. The proceeds of the tranche B term loans were used to (i) refinance the remaining tranche B-2 term loans outstanding under the original first lien credit facility, (ii) refinance other amounts outstanding under the original first lien credit facility and (iii) pay fees and expenses related thereto. The revolving credit facility replaced the revolving credit facility under the original first lien credit facility. In connection with the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, we incurred $11.1 million of debt issuance costs. We deferred $8.0 million of the costs, which are being amortized over the term of the credit facility. The remaining $3.1 million of costs were recorded to interest expense and bank fees. Additionally, we recorded a $9.0 million loss on extinguishment of debt to write-off deferred issuance costs associated with the original first lien credit facility, which was also recorded to interest expense and bank fees. The remaining $6.1 million of loan fees associated with the previous facility were deemed to be modified and continue to be amortized over the revised remaining term of the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement. The tranche A term loans and the revolving credit facility will mature on July 9, 2019. The tranche B term loans will mature on July 9, 2017. Loans under the revolving credit facility are expected to be used for working capital and other general corporate purposes. The tranche A term loans and loans under the revolving credit facility bear interest, at our option, at a rate equal to either the LIBOR rate, plus an applicable margin equal to 2.75% per annum, or the prime lending rate, plus an applicable margin equal to 1.75% per annum. The applicable margins for the tranche A term loans and loans under the revolving credit facility are subject to reduction by 0.25% or 0.50%, or increase by 0.25%, based upon our total leverage ratio. The tranche B term loans bear interest, at our option, at a rate equal to either the LIBOR rate, plus an applicable margin equal to 2.75% per annum or the prime lending rate, plus an applicable margin equal to 1.75% per annum. We are required to pay a commitment fee of 0.50%, subject to decrease to 0.375% based on our total leverage ratio, on the daily unused amount of the commitments under the revolving credit facility, as well as fronting fees and other customary fees for letters of credit issued under the revolving credit facility. We are permitted to make voluntary prepayments at any time without payment of a premium, except that a 1% premium would apply to a repricing of the tranche B term loans effected on or prior to the six-month anniversary of the effective date for the amendment and restatement of our credit facility. We are required to make mandatory prepayments of term loans (without payment of a premium) with (i) net cash proceeds from issuances of debt (other than certain permitted debt), (ii) net cash proceeds from certain non-ordinary course asset sales and casualty and condemnation proceeds (subject to reinvestment rights and other exceptions), and (iii) beginning with the fiscal year ending December 31, 2015, 50% of our excess cash flow (subject to decrease to (x) 25% if our total leverage ratio as of the last day of such fiscal year is less than 3.75 to 1.0 and equal to or greater than 3.00 to 1.0, and (y) 0% if our total leverage ratio as of the last day of such fiscal year is less than 3.00 to 1.0), provided that we may defer prepayments based on excess cash flow to the extent such payments would result our GAAP working capital being less than $10 million (after giving effect to such prepayments). The tranche A term loans will be paid in equal quarterly installments in an aggregate annual amount equal to: (i) beginning on December 31, 2014 to December 31, 2016, 5% of the original principal amount thereof, (ii) beginning on December 31, 2016 to December 31, 2018, 7.5% of the original principal amount thereof, and (iii) beginning on December 31, 2018 to June 30, 2019, 10% of the original principal amount thereof with any remaining balance payable on the final maturity date of the tranche A term loans. The tranche B term loans will be paid in equal quarterly installments in an aggregate annual amount equal to 1% of the original principal amount thereof, with any remaining balance payable on the final maturity date of the tranche B term loans. Our credit facility contains customary representations and warranties and customary affirmative and negative covenants applicable to us and our subsidiaries, including, among other things, restrictions on indebtedness, liens, investments, mergers, dispositions, prepayment of other indebtedness, and dividends and other distributions. Our credit facility also contains financial covenants that require us to maintain a minimum consolidated interest coverage ratio and a maximum total leverage ratio. 48 Contractual Obligations and Commitments The following table summarizes our contractual obligations and commercial commitments as of December 31, 2014, and the effect they are expected to have on our liquidity and capital resources (in thousands): Long-term debt obligations and interest on debt obligations reflect the terms of the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement discussed above. The projected interest payments incorporate the forward LIBOR curve as of December 31, 2014. Workers compensation liabilities represented in the table above are considered contractual obligations because they represent the estimated costs of reimbursing the carriers for paying claims within the deductible layer in accordance with workers compensation insurance policies. Workers compensation liabilities include estimates for reported claims, plus estimates for claims incurred but not reported, and estimates of certain expenses associated with processing and settling the claims. These estimates are subject to significant uncertainty. The actual amount to be paid is not finally determined until we reach a settlement with the insurance carrier. Final claim settlements may vary significantly from the present estimates, particularly because many claims will not be settled until well into the future. In estimating the timing of future payments by year, we have assumed that our historical payment patterns will continue. However, the actual timing of future payments could vary materially from these estimates due to, among other things, changes in claim reporting and payment patterns and large unanticipated settlements. Our purchase obligations represented in the table above primarily consist of obligations for renewal premiums on workers compensation policies, software licenses and maintenance, sales and marketing events and professional and consulting fees. These are associated with agreements that we believe are enforceable and legally binding and that specify all significant terms, including fixed or minimum services to be used, fixed, minimum or variable price provisions, and the approximate timing of the transaction. Obligations under contracts that we can cancel without a significant penalty are not included in the table above. The table includes purchase obligations individually greater than $100,000 and with a remaining term in excess of one year. To support our growth and expansion, we may lease additional office space. Many of our operating lease agreements provide us with the option to renew. Our future operating lease obligations would change if we exercised these options and if we entered into additional operating lease agreements as we expand our operations. In the normal course of business, we make representations and warranties that guarantee the performance of services under service arrangements with clients. Historically, there has been no material losses related to such guarantees. In addition, in connection with our IPO, we entered into indemnification agreements with our officers and directors, which require us to defend and, if necessary, indemnify these individuals for certain pending or future legal claims as they relate to their services provided to us. Such indemnification obligations are not included in the table above. The uncertain tax positions disclosed in the above table excludes certain tax credit related reserves that are netted with tax credit carryforwards. The reserve on these tax credits does not represent a contractual obligation or commitment because the associated tax credits have not been utilized to offset tax liability. Critical Accounting Policies, Estimates and Judgments Our consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. The preparation of these consolidated financial statements requires us to make significant estimates, assumptions and judgments that affect the amounts of assets, liabilities, service revenues and expenses and related disclosures. We base our estimates and judgments on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. Significant estimates include allowances for accounts receivable, workers compensation related assets and liabilities, health plan assets and liabilities, recoverability of goodwill and other intangible assets, income taxes, stock-based compensation and other contingent liabilities. Actual results could differ from those estimates. 49 Payments Due by Period Total Less than 1 year 1-3 years 3-5 years More than 5 years Long-term debt obligations $ 544,875 20,500 222,031 302,344 - Interest on debt obligations 76,295 16,220 38,785 21,290 - Workers compensation liabilities 112,954 26,784 31,267 15,994 38,909 Capital lease obligations 291 247 40 4 - Operating lease obligations 35,165 10,877 12,956 6,817 4,515 Purchase obligations 14,847 5,751 9,096 - - Uncertain tax positions 2,641 2,584 57 - - Total $ 787,068 $ 82,963 $ 314,232 $ 346,449 $ 43,424 The following accounting policies are critical and/or require significant judgments and estimates in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements. Revenue Recognition Professional service revenues represent service fees charged to clients for co-employment services including processing HR transactions such as payroll and employment tax withholding and labor and benefit law compliance based on either a fixed fee per WSE per month or per transaction, or a percentage of WSEs’ payroll. Professional service revenues also include fees billed for other HR-related services such as talent acquisitions, performance management and time and expense reporting services in accordance with separate written service agreements. We recognize professional service revenues in the period the services are rendered and earned under service arrangements with clients where service fees are fixed or determinable and collectability is reasonably assured. Insurance service revenues consist of insurance-related amounts and administrative fees collected from clients and withheld from WSEs for risk-based insurance plans provided through third-party insurance carriers, primarily employee health benefit insurance and workers compensation insurance. We recognize insurance service revenues in the period amounts are due and collectability is reasonably assured. The professional service revenues and insurance service revenues are each considered separate units of accounting and the associated fees and insurance premiums are billed as such for the majority of our clients. For clients billed through a bundled invoice, the selling price of significant deliverables is determined based on the best estimate of selling price. We are not the primary obligor for payroll and payroll tax payments and therefore these payments are not reflected as either revenue or expense. The gross payroll and payroll tax payments made on behalf of our clients, combined, were $25.6 billion, $17.6 billion and $10.0 billion for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012, respectively. We record a liability relating to work performed by WSEs but unpaid at the end of each period in the period in which the WSE performs work along with the related receivable for the same period. We generally charge an upfront non-refundable set-up fee for which the performance of such services is not a discrete earnings event and therefore the revenue is recognized on a straight-line basis over the estimated average client tenure. Insurance Costs Insurance costs includes insurance premiums paid to the insurance carriers for the health and workers compensation insurance coverage and the reimbursements paid to the insurance carriers for claim payments made by them within the insurance deductible layer. Workers Compensation Insurance Reserves We establish workers compensation insurance reserves to provide for our estimated costs of reimbursing our workers compensation insurance carriers for paying claims within the deductible layer in accordance with workers compensation insurance policies. These reserves include estimates for reported losses, plus amounts for those claims not yet reported, and estimates of certain expenses incurred by our carriers and third-party administrators in the course of processing and settling the claims. In establishing our workers compensation insurance reserves, we use an independent actuarial estimate of undiscounted future cash payments that would be made to settle the claims. In estimating these reserves, we utilize our historical loss experience, exposure data and actuarial judgment, together with a range of inputs that are primarily based upon the WSEs’ job responsibilities, their location, the historical frequency and severity of workers compensation claims, and an estimate of future cost trends. All of these components can materially impact the reserves as reported in our consolidated financial statements. For each reporting period, we incorporate changes in the actuarial assumptions resulting from changes in our actual claims experience and other trends into our workers compensation claims cost estimates. Accordingly, final claim settlements may vary from the present estimates, particularly when those payments may not occur until well into the future. We review the adequacy of our workers compensation insurance reserves on a quarterly basis. We reflect adjustments to previously established reserves in our results of operations for the period in which the adjustments are identified. These adjustments can be significant, reflecting any variety of new and adverse or favorable trends. Any unexpected increases in the severity or frequency of claims could harm our operating results. We do not discount loss reserves accrued under these programs. We record claim costs that we expect to be paid within one year as accrued workers compensation costs and include them in worksite employee related liabilities as short-term liabilities, and we include costs that we expect to be paid beyond one year in long-term liabilities on our consolidated balance sheets. 50 At policy inception, we estimate annual premiums based on projected wages over the duration of the policy period. As actual wages are realized, the amounts paid for premiums may differ from the estimates we record, creating an asset or liability throughout the policy year. These differences can have a material effect on our consolidated financial position and results of operations. Health Benefits Insurance Reserves We establish health benefits insurance reserves to provide for our estimated costs of reimbursing our health benefits insurance carriers for paying claims within the deductible layer in accordance with health insurance policies. These reserves include estimates for reported losses, plus amounts for those claims not yet reported. We determine our health benefits insurance reserves based upon a number of factors, including actuarial calculations, our current and historical claims payment patterns, plan enrollment and medical trend rates. We record these reserves within health benefits payable and include them in WSE-related liabilities on our consolidated balance sheets. Under certain contracts, based on plan performance, we may be entitled to receive refunds of premiums that we pay to our health benefits insurance carriers. We estimate these refunds based on our premium and claims data and record the prepaid health plan assets within WSE-related assets on our consolidated balance sheets. These prepaid health plan assets require our management to make assumptions and to apply judgment based on actuarial assumptions, claim history, medical trends and other industry-specific factors. If actual results are not consistent with our estimates or assumptions, it could harm our financial condition and results of operations. We review the adequacy of our health benefits insurance reserves on a quarterly basis. We reflect adjustments to previously established reserves in our results of operations for the period in which the adjustments are identified. These adjustments can be significant, reflecting any variety of new and adverse or favorable trends. Any unexpected increases in the severity or frequency of claims could harm our operating results. Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets Our goodwill and identifiable intangible assets with indefinite useful lives are not amortized, but instead are tested for impairment annually in the fourth quarter or when an event occurs or circumstances change in a way to indicate that there has been a potential decline in the fair value of the reporting unit. Impairment is determined by comparing the estimated fair value of the reporting unit to its carrying amount, including goodwill. Our business is largely homogeneous and, as a result, all the goodwill is associated with one reporting unit. Annually, we perform a qualitative assessment to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit has declined below carrying value. This assessment requires significant management judgment to evaluate the impact of various financial, macroeconomic, industry, and reporting unit specific qualitative factors. Intangible assets with finite useful lives include purchased client lists, trade names, developed technologies and contractual agreements. Fair value of our intangible assets acquired in business combinations are corroborated using appraisals that are performed by independent third-party valuation firms. The assumptions utilized to determine the fair value of our intangible assets requires management’s assessment of various factors including business strategies and future expectations. Intangible assets are amortized over their respective estimated useful lives using either the straight-line method or an accelerated method, ranging from two to five years. Intangible assets are reviewed for indicators of impairment at least annually and evaluated for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. These types of analyses contain uncertainties requiring management to make assumptions and to apply judgment to estimate industry economic factors and the profitability of future business strategies. It is our policy to conduct impairment testing based on our current business strategy in light of present industry and economic conditions, as well as our future expectations. We do not believe that there is a reasonable likelihood that there will be a material change in the future estimates or assumptions we use to test for impairment losses for goodwill and other intangible assets. However, if actual results are not consistent with our estimates or assumptions, we may be exposed to an impairment charge that could be material. Impairment of Long-Lived Assets Long-lived assets, such as property, equipment and capitalized internal use software subject to amortization, are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable such as: (i) a significant adverse change in the extent or manner in which it is being used or in its physical condition, (ii) a significant adverse change in legal factors or in business climate that could affect its value, or (iii) a current-period operation or cash flow loss combined with a history of operating or cash flow losses or a projection or forecast that demonstrates continuing losses associated with its use. An asset is considered impaired if the carrying amount exceeds the undiscounted future net cash flows the asset is expected to generate. An impairment charge is recognized for the amount by which the carrying amount of the assets exceeds its fair value. The adjusted carrying amount of the asset becomes its new cost basis. For a depreciable long-lived asset, the new cost basis will be 51 depreciated or amortized over the remaining useful life of that asset. Assets to be disposed of are reported at the lower of the carrying amount or fair value, less selling costs. Our impairment loss calculations contain uncertainties which require management to make assumptions and to apply judgment to estimate future cash flows and asset fair values, including forecasting useful lives of the assets and selecting the discount rate that reflects the risk inherent in future cash flows. Stock-Based Compensation We have historically issued two types of stock-based awards to employees: restricted stock units and stock options. Compensation expense associated with restricted stock units is based on the fair value of our common stock on the grant date. Compensation expense associated with stock options is based on the estimated grant date fair value method using the Black-Scholes valuation model. Expense is recognized, net of estimated forfeitures, using a straight-line amortization method over the respective vesting period for awards during which the employee is required to perform service in exchange for such award. Our option-pricing model requires the input of highly subjective assumptions, including the fair value of our common stock (prior to our IPO), the expected term of the option, the expected volatility of the price of our common stock, risk-free interest rates and the expected dividend yield of our common stock as follows: We estimate forfeitures based on historical forfeitures of equity awards and adjust the rate to reflect voluntary termination behaviors as well as trends of actual forfeitures. We will continue to evaluate our estimated forfeiture rate if actual forfeitures differ from our initial estimates. Quarterly changes in the estimated forfeiture rate can have a significant impact on our share-based compensation expense as the cumulative effect of adjusting the rate is recognized in the period the forfeiture estimate is changed. The following table sets forth the assumptions made with respect to these assumptions for the periods presented: 52 • Prior to our IPO in March 2014, because our common stock was not publicly traded, we estimated the fair value of our common stock. Our board of directors considered numerous objective and subjective factors to determine the fair market value of our common stock at each meeting at which awards were granted and approved. These factors included, but were not limited to: (i) contemporaneous third-party valuations of our common stock; (ii) our performance, growth rate, financial condition and future financial projections; (iii) the value of our peer companies; (iv) changes to our business and our prospects; (v) lack of marketability of our common stock; (vi) the likelihood of achieving a liquidity event; and (vii) the rights, preferences and privileges of our preferred stock relative to those of our common stock. After the completion of our IPO, the fair value of our common stock has been based on the closing price of our common stock on the New York Stock Exchange. • Risk-free interest rate is based on the implied yield available on U.S. Treasury zero-coupon issues with an equivalent remaining term of the options. • Expected term represents the period that our share-based awards are expected to be outstanding. We estimated the expected term for a “plain vanilla” option using the simplified method allowed under current guidance, which uses the midpoint between the graded vesting period and the contractual termination date. • Expected volatility is determined by taking the average historical volatilities of our peer group based on daily price observations over a period equivalent to the expected term of the option. Our peer group consists of public companies primarily in HR service industry and are similar to us in size, stage of life cycle, and financial leverage. We intend to continue to consistently apply this process using the same or similar public companies until a sufficient amount of historical information regarding the volatility of our own common stock share price becomes available, or unless circumstances change such that the identified companies are no longer similar to us, in which case, more suitable companies whose share prices are publicly available would be utilized in the calculation. • We declared special dividends in May 2011, March 2012, August 2013 and December 2013. These dividends are considered extraordinary and non-recurring. Consequently, we used an expected dividend yield of zero. Year Ended December 31, 2014 2013 2012 Expected volatility 58 % 48 % 46 % Expected term (in years) 6.05 6.04 6.04 Risk-free interest rate 1.80 % 1.26 % 1.01 % Expected dividend yield 0 % 0 % 0 % Weighted-average grant-date fair value of stock options $ 7.18 $ 4.11 $ 1.51 These assumptions represent management’s best estimates which involve inherent uncertainties and the application of management’s judgment. If facts and circumstances change and different assumptions are used, our share-based compensation expense could be materially different in the future. As we continue to accumulate additional data related to our common stock, we may have refinements to our estimates, which could materially impact our future share-based compensation expense. Income Taxes We are subject to income taxes in the United States and Canada and we conduct our business primarily in the United States. Significant judgments are required in determining our provision for income taxes and income tax assets and liabilities, including evaluating uncertainties in the application of accounting principles and complex tax laws. We use the asset and liability method to account for income taxes. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and net operating loss carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. For transactions and calculations for which the ultimate tax determination is uncertain, we recognize tax liabilities based on estimates of whether additional taxes and interest will be due. These tax liabilities are recognized when, despite the belief that our tax return positions are supportable, we believe that certain positions may not be more likely than not of being sustained upon review by tax authorities. As of December 31, 2014 and 2013, we had recognized tax liabilities of approximately $3.2 million and $2.9 million, respectively, related to uncertain income tax positions. We periodically evaluate if it is more likely than not that some or all of the deferred tax assets will be realized. In making such determination, we consider all available positive and negative evidence, including scheduled reversals of deferred tax liabilities, projected future taxable income, tax planning strategies and recent financial performance. In order to support a conclusion that a valuation allowance is not needed, positive evidence of sufficient quantity and quality (objective compared to subjective) is necessary to overcome negative evidence. Because certain federal and state net operating loss carryforwards may not be utilized prior to expiration, a valuation allowance on our deferred tax asset balance was recognized as of December 31, 2014. We believe that our accruals for tax liabilities are adequate for all open audit years based on our assessment of many factors, including past experience and interpretations of tax law. This assessment relies on estimates and assumptions and may involve a series of complex judgments about future events. We do not anticipate any adjustments would result in a material change to our financial position. To the extent that the final tax outcome of these matters is different than the amounts recorded, such differences will impact income tax expense in the period in which such determination is made. There are outstanding Notices of Proposed Assessment disallowing employment tax credits totaling $10.5 million in connection with the IRS examination of Gevity HR, Inc. and Subsidiaries, which was acquired by TriNet on June 1, 2009. While Appeals has denied the credits, and the Company plans to exhaust all administrative efforts to resolve this issue, it is likely that the matter will ultimately be resolved through litigation. With regard to these employment tax credits, the Company believes it is more likely than not that the Company will prevail. Therefore, no reserve has been recognized related to this matter. Recent Accounting Pronouncements In January 2015, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2015-01— Income Statement-Extraordinary and Unusual Items , as part of its initiative to reduce complexity in accounting standards (the Simplification Initiative). ASU 2015-01 became effective on January 9, 2015. The amendment eliminates from GAAP the concept of extraordinary items. The amendment is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2015. A reporting entity may apply the amendments prospectively or retrospectively to all prior periods presented in the financial statements. Early adoption is permitted provided that the guidance is applied from the beginning of the fiscal year of adoption. We adopted this guidance in 2014. The adoption did not have an effect on our consolidated financial statements. In November 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-17— Business Combinations , which provides an acquired entity with an option to apply pushdown accounting to its financial statements upon occurrence of an event in which an acquirer obtains control of the acquired entity. ASU 2014-17 became effective on November 28, 2014. An acquired entity can make an election to apply the guidance to future change-in-control events or to its most recent change-in-control event. However, if the financial statements for the period in which the most recent change-in-control event occurred already have been issued or made available to be issued, the application of this guidance would be a change in accounting principle. We adopted this guidance in 2014. The adoption did not have an effect on our consolidated financial statements. 53 In June 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-12— Compensation-Stock Compensation , which requires that a performance target that affects vesting and that could be achieved after the requisite service period be treated as a performance condition. ASU 2014-12 is effective for annual reporting periods, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2015. Early adoption is permitted. The amendments may be applied prospectively to all awards granted or modified after the effective date or retrospectively to all awards with performance targets that are outstanding as of the beginning of the earliest annual period presented. We do not expect this guidance to have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements. We plan to adopt this guidance in 2016. In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09— Revenue from Contracts with Customers , which will replace most existing revenue recognition guidance under GAAP. The core principle of the guidance is that an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The standard provides a five-step analysis of transactions to determine when and how revenue is recognized. ASU 2014-09 is effective for annual reporting periods, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2016. Early adoption is not permitted. The guidance may be applied retrospectively or as a cumulative-effect adjustment as of the date of adoption. We expect to adopt this guidance in 2017. We have not yet selected a method of adoption and we are currently evaluating the effect that the guidance will have on our consolidated financial statements. In July 2013, the FASB issued ASU 2013-11— Presentation of an Unrecognized Tax Benefit When a Net Operating Loss Carryforward, a Similar Tax Loss, or a Tax Credit Carryforward Exists , which requires that an unrecognized tax benefit, or portion of an unrecognized tax benefit, be presented as a reduction of a deferred tax asset for a net operating loss carryforward, a similar tax loss, or a tax credit carryforward. If an applicable deferred tax asset is not available or a company does not expect to use the applicable deferred tax asset, the unrecognized tax benefit should be presented as a liability in the financial statements and should not be combined with an unrelated deferred tax asset. ASU 2013-11 is effective for annual reporting periods, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2013. The amendments should be applied prospectively to all unrecognized tax benefits that exist at the effective date, however retrospective application is permitted. We adopted this guidance in 2014. The adoption did not have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements. Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk We are exposed to certain market risks in the ordinary course of our business. These risks primarily include interest rate sensitivities as follows: We had cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, restricted investments, payroll funds collected, and interest bearing receivable in connection with workers compensation premiums totaling $1.8 billion at December 31, 2014. Included in this amount was $52.4 million in time deposits and U.S. Treasuries. Such interest-earning instruments carry a degree of interest rate risk. To date, fluctuations in interest income have not been significant. Fluctuations in the value of our investment securities caused by a change in interest rates (gains or losses on the carrying value) are recorded in other comprehensive income, and are realized only if we sell the underlying securities. Our investments are made for capital preservation purposes. The cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, payroll funds collected and workers compensation premium receivable are held for working capital purposes. Our cash equivalents, payroll funds collected, workers compensation receivable and our investments are subject to market risk due to changes in interest rates. Fixed rate securities may have their market value adversely impacted due to a rise in interest rates, while floating rate securities may produce less income than expected if interest rates fall. Due in part to these factors, our future investment income may fall short of expectation due to changes in interest rates or we may suffer losses in principal if we are forced to sell securities that decline in market value due to changes in interest rates. However, because we classify our debt securities as “available for sale,” no gains or losses are recognized due to changes in interest rates unless such securities are sold prior to maturity or declines in fair value are determined to be other-than-temporary. Our fixed-income portfolio is subject to interest rate risk. We also had total outstanding indebtedness of $544.9 million as of December 31, 2014, of which $20.5 million is due within 12 months. Amounts outstanding under our credit facility carry variable interest rates of LIBOR + 2.75% over the term of the facility. As a result of our credit facility, we are exposed to changes in interest rates. With an increase in interest rates in effect at December 31, 2014 of 100 basis points, our interest expense for 2015 through 2019 would be $95.5 million. On the other hand, with a decrease in interest rates in effect at December 31, 2014 of 100 basis points, our interest expense for 2015 through 2019 would be $57.1 million. 54 Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data. 55 Page Consolidated Financial Statements of TriNet Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm 56 Consolidated Balance Sheets 57 Consolidated Statements of Operations 58 Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income 59 Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Deficit 60 Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows 61 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 62 REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM The Board of Directors and stockholders of TriNet Group, Inc. We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of TriNet Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries as of December 31, 2014 and 2013, and the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income, stockholders’ deficit and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2014. Our audits also included the financial statement schedule listed at Item 15(a). These financial statements and schedule are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements and schedule based on our audits. We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. We were not engaged to perform an audit of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Our audits included consideration of internal control over financial reporting as a basis for designing audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion. An audit also includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, and evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion. In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of TriNet Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries at December 31, 2014 and 2013, and the consolidated results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2014, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. Also, in our opinion, the related financial statement schedule, when considered in relation to the basic financial statements taken as a whole, presents fairly in all material respects the information set forth therein. /s/ Ernst & Young LLP San Francisco, California March 30, 2015 56 TriNet Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (In thousands, except share and per share data) See accompanying notes. 57 December 31, December 31, 2014 2013 Assets Current assets: Cash and cash equivalents $ 134,341 $ 94,356 Restricted cash 14,543 15,267 Prepaid income taxes 26,711 3,331 Deferred income taxes — 68 Prepaid expenses 9,336 7,849 Deferred loan costs and other current assets 4,271 5,238 Worksite employee related assets 1,635,136 772,437 Total current assets 1,824,338 898,546 Workers compensation receivable 31,905 25,381 Restricted cash and investments 69,447 36,968 Property and equipment, net 32,298 25,690 Goodwill 288,857 288,857 Other intangible assets, net 81,718 134,020 Deferred income taxes 7,184 1,000 Deferred loan costs and other assets 12,017 24,276 Total assets $ 2,347,764 $ 1,434,738 Liabilities and stockholders’ deficit Current liabilities: Accounts payable $ 12,273 $ 7,315 Accrued corporate wages 29,179 26,264 Deferred income taxes 65,713 16,535 Current portion of notes payable and borrowings under capital leases 20,738 6,669 Other current liabilities 10,303 9,078 Worksite employee related liabilities 1,630,555 767,624 Total current liabilities 1,768,761 833,485 Notes payable and borrowings under capital leases, less current portion 524,412 812,208 Workers compensation liabilities 75,448 45,309 Deferred income taxes — 8,888 Other liabilities 4,902 5,210 Total liabilities 2,373,523 1,705,100 Commitments and contingencies (Note 13) Series G convertible preferred stock, $.0001 per share stated value (aggregate liquidation preference of $59,306); no shares authorized, issued and outstanding at December 31, 2014; 5,391,441 shares authorized, issued and outstanding at December 31, 2013 — 59,059 Series H convertible preferred stock, $.0001 per share stated value (aggregate liquidation preference of $60,000); no shares authorized, issued and outstanding at December 31, 2014; 4,124,986 shares authorized, issued and outstanding at December 31, 2013 — 63,819 Stockholders’ deficit: Preferred stock, $.000025 per share stated value; 20,000,000 shares authorized; no shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2014 and 2013 — — Common stock, $.000025 per share stated value; 750,000,000 shares authorized at December 31, 2014; 69,811,326 and 15,259,540 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2014 and 2013 442,682 74,160 Accumulated deficit (468,127 ) (467,209 ) Accumulated other comprehensive loss (314 ) (191 ) Total stockholders’ deficit (25,759 ) (393,240 ) Total liabilities and stockholders’ deficit $ 2,347,764 $ 1,434,738 TriNet Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS (In thousands, except share and per share data) See accompanying notes. 58 Year Ended December 31, 2014 2013 2012 Professional service revenues $ 342,074 $ 272,372 $ 148,233 Insurance service revenues 1,851,457 1,371,903 870,828 Total revenues 2,193,531 1,644,275 1,019,061 Costs and operating expenses: Insurance costs 1,686,315 1,226,585 750,025 Cost of providing services (exclusive of depreciation and amortization of intangible assets) 134,256 106,661 63,563 Sales and marketing 139,997 109,183 59,931 General and administrative 53,926 52,455 37,879 Systems development and programming costs 26,101 19,948 16,718 Amortization of intangible assets 52,302 51,369 17,441 Depreciation 13,843 11,737 11,676 Total costs and operating expenses 2,106,740 1,577,938 957,233 Operating income 86,791 66,337 61,828 Other income (expense): Interest expense and bank fees (54,193 ) (45,724 ) (9,709 ) Other, net 478 471 57 Income before provision for income taxes 33,076 21,084 52,176 Provision for income taxes 17,579 7,937 20,344 Net income $ 15,497 $ 13,147 $ 31,832 Net income per share: Basic $ 0.24 $ 0.26 $ 0.66 Diluted $ 0.22 $ 0.24 $ 0.63 Weighted average shares: Basic 56,160,539 12,353,047 9,805,384 Diluted 59,566,773 15,731,807 12,476,091 TriNet Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (In thousands) See accompanying notes. 59 Year Ended December 31, 2014 2013 2012 Net income $ 15,497 $ 13,147 $ 31,832 Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax Unrealized gains (losses) on investments (8 ) (9 ) 36 Unrealized gains (losses) on interest rate cap – 66 (66 ) Foreign currency translation adjustments (115 ) (53 ) 5 Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax (123 ) 4 (25 ) Comprehensive income $ 15,374 $ 13,151 $ 31,807 TriNet Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ DEFICIT (In thousands, except share data) See accompanying notes. 60 Accumulated Preferred Stock– Preferred Stock– Other Total Series G Series H Common Stock Accumulated Comprehensive Stockholders Shares Amount Shares Amount Shares Amount Deficit Loss Deficit Balance at December 31, 2011 5,391,441 $ 59,059 4,124,986 $ 63,819 8,398,712 $ 35,440 $ (64,550 ) $ (170 ) $ (29,280 Net income — — — — — — 31,832 — 31,832 Other comprehensive loss — — — — — — — (25 ) Issuance of common stock from vested restricted stock units — — — — 75,992 — — — Issuance of common stock from exercise of stock options — — — — 2,858,784 5,391 — — 5,391 Repurchase of common stock — — — — (624,264 ) — (2,683 ) — (2,683 Stock-based compensation expense — — — — — 4,360 — — 4,360 Excess tax benefit from equity incentive plan activity — — — — — 297 — — Special dividend — — — — — — (75,450 ) — (75,450 Balance at December 31, 2012 5,391,441 59,059 4,124,986 63,819 10,709,224 45,488 (110,851 ) (195 ) (65,558 Net income — — — — — — 13,147 — 13,147 Other comprehensive income — — — — — — — 4 Issuance of common stock from vested restricted stock units — — — — 36,512 — — — Issuance of common stock from exercise of stock options — — — — 5,730,544 7,109 — — 7,109 Repurchase of common stock — — — — (1,216,740 ) — (11,985 ) — (11,985 Stock-based compensation expense — — — — — 5,953 — — 5,953 Excess tax benefit from equity incentive plan activity — — — — — 15,610 — — 15,610 Special dividend — — — — — — (357,520 ) — (357,520 Balance at December 31, 2013 5,391,441 59,059 4,124,986 63,819 15,259,540 74,160 (467,209 ) (191 ) (393,240 Net income — — — — — — 15,497 — 15,497 Other comprehensive loss — — — — — — — (123 ) (123 Issuance of common stock from vested restricted stock units — — — — 4,250 — — — Issuance of common stock for employee stock purchase plan — — — — 249,494 3,393 — — 3,393 Conversion of preferred stock (5,391,441 ) (59,059 ) (4,124,986 ) (63,819 ) 38,065,708 122,878 — — 122,878 Issuance of common stock from exercise of stock options — — — — 1,712,278 2,193 — — 2,193 Issuance of common stock, net of initial public offering cost — — — — 15,091,074 217,796 — — 217,796 Repurchase of common stock — — — — (571,018 ) — (16,440 ) — (16,440 Stock-based compensation expense — — — — — 10,660 — — 10,660 Excess tax benefit from equity incentive plan activity — — — — — 9,663 — — 9,663 Excess tax benefit from initial public offering — — — — — 1,939 — — 1,939 Special dividend forfeited — — — — — — 25 — Balance at December 31, 2014 — $ — — $ — 69,811,326 $ 442,682 $ (468,127 ) $ (314 ) $ (25,759 TriNet Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (In thousands) See accompanying notes. 61 Year Ended December 31, 2014 2013 2012 Operating activities Net income $ 15,497 $ 13,147 $ 31,832 Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: Depreciation and amortization 84,403 73,838 31,196 Deferred income taxes 43,842 (6,680 ) 7,658 Stock-based compensation 10,660 6,113 4,360 Excess tax benefit from equity incentive plan activity (9,663 ) (15,610 ) (297 ) Accretion of workers compensation and leases fair value adjustment (1,090 ) (1,427 ) (1,371 ) Changes in operating assets and liabilities: Restricted cash (6,880 ) (6,118 ) 6,738 Prepaid expenses and other current assets (7,389 ) (7,723 ) (1,026 ) Workers compensation receivables (5,413 ) 9,876 3,776 Other assets 8,004 4,052 753 Accounts payable 5,212 976 (150 ) Income tax payable/receivable (21,448 ) 6,394 (6,273 ) Other current liabilities 7,749 13,186 1,789 Other liabilities 30,122 4,149 1,564 Worksite employee related assets (862,699 ) (304,265 ) (75,598 ) Worksite employee related liabilities 862,931 310,813 75,591 Net cash provided by operating activities 153,838 100,721 80,542 Investing activities Acquisition of businesses – (194,998 ) (225,817 ) Purchase of debt securities (24,875 ) (7,750 ) (28,497 ) Purchase of property and equipment (20,552 ) (10,690 ) (9,658 ) Proceeds from sale and maturity of debt securities – 1,000 1,364 Net cash used in investing activities (45,427 ) (212,438 ) (262,608 ) Financing activities Proceeds from issuance of common stock, net of issuance costs 217,796 – – Proceeds from issuance of common stock on exercised options 2,193 7,109 5,391 Proceeds from issuance of common stock for employee stock purchase plan 3,393 – – Excess tax benefit from equity incentive plan activity 9,663 15,610 297 Borrowings under notes payable – 970,000 405,000 Repayment of notes payable (273,550 ) (451,679 ) (105,681 ) Payment of debt issuance costs (11,060 ) (25,697 ) (14,001 ) Payments of special dividend – (357,582 ) (75,353 ) Repayments under capital leases (306 ) (778 ) (825 ) Repurchase of common stock (16,440 ) (14,606 ) (638 ) Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities (68,311 ) 142,377 214,190 Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents (115 ) (53 ) 5 Net increase in cash and cash equivalents 39,985 30,607 32,129 Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period 94,356 63,749 31,620 Cash and cash equivalents at end of period $ 134,341 $ 94,356 $ 63,749 Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information Cash paid for interest $ 32,051 $ 30,534 $ 5,355 Cash paid for income taxes, net of refunds $ (3,809 ) $ 8,070 $ 19,595 Supplemental schedule of noncash investing and financing activities Payable for purchase of property and equipment $ 1,290 $ 1,302 $ 218  TriNet Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTE 1. DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS AND SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES Description of Business TriNet Group, Inc. (the Company or TriNet), a Delaware corporation incorporated in January 2000, provides a comprehensive human resources solution for small to medium-sized businesses. The Company’s solution includes payroll processing, human capital consulting, employment law compliance and employee benefits, including health insurance, retirement plans and workers compensation insurance. The Company provides its services through co-employment relationships with its customers, under which the Company and its customers each take responsibility for certain portions of the employer-employee relationship for worksite employees, or WSEs. The Company is the employer of record for most administrative and regulatory purposes, including the following: (i) compensation through wages and salaries; (ii) employer payroll-related taxes payment; (iii) employee payroll-related taxes withholding and payment; (iv) employee benefit programs including health and life insurance, and others; and (v) workers compensation coverage. Segment Information The Company operates in one reportable segment in accordance with Accounting Standard Codification (ASC) Topic 280 – Segment Reporting. All of the Company’s service revenues are generated from external customers. Less than 1% of revenues are generated outside of the United States of America (U.S.). Substantially all of the Company’s long-lived assets are located in the U.S. Basis of Presentation The accompanying consolidated financial statements and footnotes thereto of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. The accompanying consolidated balance sheets present the current assets and current liabilities directly related to the processing of human resources transactions as WSE-related assets and WSE-related liabilities, respectively. WSE-related assets comprise cash and investments restricted for current workers compensation claim payments, payroll funds collected, accounts receivable, unbilled service revenues, and refundable or prepaid amounts related to the Company-sponsored workers compensation and health plan programs. WSE-related liabilities comprise customer prepayments, wages and payroll taxes accrued and payable, and liabilities related to the Company-sponsored workers compensation and health plan programs resulting from workers compensation case reserves, premium amounts due to providers for enrolled employees, and workers compensation and health reserves that are expected to be disbursed within the next 12 months. Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect certain reported amounts and disclosures. These estimates include, but are not limited to, allowances for accounts receivable, workers compensation related assets and liabilities, health plan assets and liabilities, recoverability of goodwill and other intangible assets, income taxes, stock-based compensation and other contingent liabilities. Such estimates are based on historical experience and on various other assumptions that Company management believes to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Revenue Recognition Professional service revenues represent service fees charged to clients for co-employment services, including processing payroll and employment tax withholding; payment to WSEs; and labor and benefit law compliance based on either a fixed fee per WSE per month or per transaction, or a percentage of WSEs’ payroll. Professional service revenues also include fees billed for other human resource-related services, such as talent acquisitions, performance management, and time and expense reporting services in accordance with separate written service agreements. Professional service revenues are recognized in the period the services are rendered and earned under service arrangements with clients where service fees are fixed or determinable and collectability is reasonably assured. 62  Insurance service revenues consist of insurance-related amounts and administrative fees collected from clients and withheld from WSEs for risk-based insurance plans provided through third-party insurance carriers, primarily employee health benefit insurance and workers compensation insurance. Insurance service revenues are recognized in the period amounts are due and collectibility is reasonably assured. The professional service revenues and insurance service revenues are each considered separate units of accounting and the associated fees and insurance premiums are billed as such for the majority of the Company’s clients. For clients billed through a bundled invoice, the selling price of significant deliverables is determined based on the best estimate of the selling price. The Company is not the primary obligor for payroll and payroll tax payments and, therefore, these payments are not reflected as either revenue or expense. The gross payroll and payroll tax payments made on behalf of the clients, combined, were $25.6 billion, $17.6 billion and $10.0 billion for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012, respectively. The Company records a liability relating to work performed by WSEs but unpaid at the end of each period in the period in which the WSEs perform work, along with the related receivable for the same period. The Company generally charges an upfront non-refundable set-up fee for which the performance of onboarding services is not a discrete earnings event, and therefore the revenue is recognized on a straight-line basis over the estimated average client tenure. Insurance Costs Insurance premiums paid to the insurance carriers for the health and workers compensation insurance coverage and the reimbursements paid to the insurance carriers for claim payments made to the WSEs within the insurance deductible layer are included in cost and operating expenses as insurance costs. Workers Compensation Insurance Reserves Workers compensation insurance reserves are established to provide for the estimated costs of paying claims within the deductible layer in accordance with workers compensation insurance policies. These reserves include estimates for reported losses, plus amounts for those claims incurred but not reported, and estimates of certain expenses associated with processing and settling the claims. In establishing the workers compensation insurance reserves, the Company uses an independent actuarial estimate of undiscounted future cash payments that would be made to settle the claims. In estimating these reserves, the Company utilizes historical loss experience, exposure data, and actuarial judgment, together with a range of inputs which are primarily based upon the WSE job responsibilities, their location, the historical frequency and severity of workers compensation claims, and an estimate of future cost trends. All of these components could materially impact the reserves as reported in the consolidated financial statements. For each reporting period, changes in the actuarial assumptions resulting from changes in actual claims experience and other trends are incorporated into the workers compensation claims cost estimates. Accordingly, final claim settlements may vary materially from the present estimates, particularly when those payments may not occur until well into the future. The Company regularly reviews the adequacy of workers compensation insurance reserves. Adjustments to previously established reserves are reflected in the results of operations for the period in which the adjustment is identified. Such adjustments could possibly be significant, reflecting any variety of new and adverse or favorable trends. Any unexpected increases in the severity or frequency of claims could result in material adverse effects to the operating results. The Company does not discount loss reserves accrued under these programs. Claim costs expected to be paid within one year are recorded as accrued workers compensation costs and included in short-term worksite employee related liabilities, while costs expected to be paid beyond one year are included in long-term liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets. At policy inception, annual premiums are estimated based on projected wages over the duration of the policy period. As actual wages are realized, the amounts paid for premiums may differ from the estimates recorded by the Company, creating an asset or liability throughout the policy year. Such differences could have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial position and results of operations. Health Benefits Health benefits insurance reserves are established to provide for the estimated costs of reimbursing the carriers for paying claims within the deductible layer in accordance with health insurance policies. These reserves include estimates for reported losses, plus estimates for claims incurred but not reported. Reserves are determined regularly by the Company based upon a number of factors, 63  including but not limited to actuarial calculations, current and historical claims payment patterns, plan enrollment and medical trend rates. Ultimate health insurance reserves may vary in subsequent years from the amounts estimated. As of December 31, 2014 and 2013, liability reserves of $82.1 million and $46.6 million, respectively, were recorded within health benefits payable and are included in WSE-related liabilities in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. Under certain contracts, based on plan performance, the Company may be entitled to receive refunds of premiums. We estimate these refunds based on premium and claims data and record these as prepaid health plan expenses within WSE-related assets on the consolidated balance sheet. As of December 31, 2014 and 2013, the Company had $4.9 million and $7.6 million, respectively, as prepaid health plan expenses included within WSE-related assets. Cash and Cash Equivalents Cash and cash equivalents include bank deposits and short-term, highly liquid investments. Investments with original maturity dates of three months or less are considered cash equivalents. Investments The Company classifies its investments as available-for-sale and are carried at fair value. Unrealized gains and losses are reported as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income. The amortized cost of debt securities is adjusted for amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts from the date of purchase to maturity or sale. Such amortization is included in interest income as an addition to or deduction from the coupon interest earned on the investments. The Company uses the specific identification method of determining the cost basis in computing realized gains and losses on the sale of its available-for-sale securities. Realized gains and losses are included in other income in the accompanying consolidated statement of operations. The Company assesses whether an other-than-temporary impairment loss has occurred due to declines in fair value or other market conditions. With respect to debt securities, this assessment takes into account our current intent to sell, or not sell, the security, and whether it is more likely than not that we will not be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost. Accounts Receivable The Company’s accounts receivable, which represent outstanding gross billings to customers, are reported net of an allowance for doubtful accounts. The Company establishes an allowance for doubtful accounts based on historical experience, the age of the accounts receivable balances, credit quality of customers, current economic conditions and other factors that may affect customers’ ability to pay, and charges off amounts when they are deemed uncollectible. Property and Equipment The Company records property and equipment at historical cost and computes depreciation using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets or the lease terms, generally three to five years for software and office equipment, five to seven years for furniture and fixtures, and the shorter of the asset life or the remaining lease term for leasehold improvements. The Company expenses the cost of maintenance and repairs as incurred and capitalizes betterments. Internal Use Software The Company capitalizes internal and external costs incurred to develop internal-use computer software during the application development stage. Application development stage costs include license fees paid to third-parties for software use, software configuration, coding, and installation. Capitalized costs are amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life, typically ranging from three to five years, commencing when the software is placed into service. The Company expenses costs incurred during the preliminary project stage, as well as general and administrative, overhead, maintenance and training costs, and costs that do not add functionality to existing systems. For the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012, internally developed software costs capitalized were $6.3 million, $3.3 million and $4.3 million respectively. Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets The Company’s goodwill and identifiable intangible assets with indefinite useful lives are not amortized, but instead are tested for impairment on an annual basis or when an event occurs or circumstances change in a way to indicate that there has been a potential decline in the fair value of the reporting unit. Impairment is determined by comparing the estimated fair value of the reporting unit to its carrying amount, including goodwill. The Company’s business is largely homogeneous and, as a result, all goodwill is associated with the Company’s one reportable segment. 64  Intangible assets with finite useful lives include purchased customer lists, trade names, developed technologies, and contractual agreements. Intangible assets are amortized over their respective estimated useful lives ranging from two to six years using either the straight-line method or an accelerated method. Intangible assets are reviewed for indicators of impairment at least annually and evaluated for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Annually, the Company performs a qualitative assessment to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit has declined below carrying value. This assessment considers various financial, macroeconomic, industry, and reporting unit specific qualitative factors. The Company performs its annual impairment testing in its fiscal fourth quarter. Based on the results of the Company’s reviews, no impairment loss was recognized in the results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012. Impairment of Long-Lived Assets The Company evaluates its long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. An asset is considered impaired if the carrying amount exceeds the undiscounted future net cash flows the asset is expected to generate. An impairment charge is recognized for the amount by which the carrying amount of the assets exceeds its fair value. Assets to be disposed of are reported at the lower of the carrying amount or fair value, less selling costs. Advertising Costs The Company expenses the costs of producing advertisements at the time production occurs, and expenses the cost of running advertisements in the period in which the advertising space or airtime is used as sales and marketing expense. Advertising costs were $7.3 million, $7.5 million and $6.4 million for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012, respectively. Stock-Based Compensation The Company has issued three types of stock-based awards to employees: restricted stock units, stock options and employee stock purchase plan. Compensation expense associated with restricted stock units is based on the fair value of common stock on the date of grant. Compensation expense associated with stock options and employee stock purchase plan are based on the estimated grant date fair value method using the Black-Scholes valuation model. Expense is recognized using a straight-line amortization method over the respective vesting period for awards that are ultimately expected to vest. Accordingly, stock-based compensation has been reduced for estimated forfeitures. When estimating forfeitures, the Company considers voluntary termination behaviors as well as trends of actual option forfeitures. A tax benefit from stock-based compensation is recognized in equity to the extent that an incremental tax benefit is realized. Income Taxes The Company recognizes deferred tax assets and liabilities for estimated future tax effects based on differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and amounts used for income tax purposes under current tax laws. Deferred tax expense results from the change in the net liability for deferred income taxes between periods. The Company maintains a reserve for uncertain tax positions. The Company evaluates tax positions taken or expected to be taken in a tax return for recognition in its consolidated financial statements. Prior to recording the related tax benefit in the consolidated financial statements, the Company must conclude that tax positions are more likely than not to be sustained, assuming those positions will be examined by taxing authorities with full knowledge of all relevant information. The benefit recognized in the consolidated financial statements is the amount the Company expects to realize after examination by taxing authorities. If a tax position drops below the more likely than not standard, the benefit can no longer be recognized. Assumptions, judgment and the use of estimates are required in determining if the more likely than not standard has been met when developing the provision for income taxes and in determining the expected benefit. A change in the assessment of the more likely than not standard could materially impact the Company’s results of operations or financial position. The Company recognizes interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions as a component of income tax expense. Concentrations of Credit Risk Financial instruments that subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk include cash and cash equivalents, investments, restricted cash and restricted investments (including payroll funds collected), accounts receivable, and amounts due from insurance carriers. The Company maintains its cash and cash equivalents, investments, restricted cash and restricted investments (including 65  payroll funds collected) principally in domestic financial institutions and performs periodic evaluations of the relative credit standing of these institutions. The Company’s exposure to credit risk in the event of default by the financial institutions holding these funds is limited to amounts currently held by the institution in excess of insured amounts. Under the terms of professional services agreements, customers agree to maintain sufficient funds or other satisfactory credit at all times to cover the cost of its current payroll, all accrued paid time off, vacation or sick leave balances, and other vested wage and benefit obligations for all their work site employees. The Company generally requires payment from its customers on or before the applicable payroll date. For certain customers, the Company requires an indemnity guarantee payment (IGP) supported by a letter of credit, bond, or a certificate of deposit from certain financial institutions. The IGP typically equals the total payroll and service fee for one average payroll period. As of December 31, 2014, one customer accounted for 12% of accounts receivable. As of December 31, 2013, one customer accounted for 15% of accounts receivable and one customer accounted for 13% of accounts receivable. No customer accounted for more than 10% of service revenues in the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 or 2012. Bad debt expense, net of recoveries was $1.4 million, $0.6 million and $0.4 million for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012, respectively. Recent Accounting Pronouncements In January 2015, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2015-01— Income Statement-Extraordinary and Unusual Items, as part of its initiative to reduce complexity in accounting standard (the Simplification Initiative). ASU 2015-01 became effective on January 9, 2015. The amendment eliminates from GAAP the concept of extraordinary items. The amendment is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2015. A reporting entity may apply the amendments prospectively or retrospectively to all prior periods presented in the financial statements. Early adoption is permitted provided that the guidance is applied from the beginning of the fiscal year of adoption. The Company adopted this guidance in 2014. The adoption did not have an effect on the consolidated financial statements. In November 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-17— Business Combinations , which provide an acquired entity with an option to apply pushdown accounting in its financial statements upon occurrence of an event in which an acquirer obtains control of the acquired entity. ASU 2014-17 became effective on November 28, 2014. An acquired entity can make an election to apply the guidance to future change-in-control events or to its most recent change-in-control event. However, if the financial statements for the period in which the most recent change-in-control event occurred already have been issued or made available to be issued, the application of this guidance would be a change in accounting principle. The Company adopted this guidance in 2014. The adoption did not have an effect on the consolidated financial statements. In June 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-12— Compensation-Stock Compensation , which requires that a performance target that affects vesting and that could be achieved after the requisite service period be treated as a performance condition. ASU 2014-12 is effective for annual reporting periods, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2015. Early adoption is permitted. The amendments may be applied prospectively to all awards granted or modified after the effective date or retrospectively to all awards with performance targets that are outstanding as of the beginning of the earliest annual period presented. The Company does not expect this guidance to have a material effect on its consolidated financial statements. The Company plans to adopt this guidance in 2016. In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09— Revenue from Contracts with Customers , which will replace most existing revenue recognition guidance under GAAP. The core principle of the guidance is that an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The standard provides a five-step analysis of transactions to determine when and how revenue is recognized. ASU 2014-09 is effective for annual reporting periods, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2016. Early adoption is not permitted. The guidance may be applied retrospectively or as a cumulative-effect adjustment as of the date of adoption. The Company expects to adopt this guidance in 2017. The Company has not yet selected a method of adoption and is currently evaluating the effect that the guidance will have on the consolidated financial statements. In July 2013, the FASB issued ASU 2013-11— Presentation of an Unrecognized Tax Benefit When a Net Operating Loss Carryforward, a Similar Tax Loss, or a Tax Credit Carryforward Exists , which requires that an unrecognized tax benefit, or portion of an unrecognized tax benefit, be presented as a reduction of a deferred tax asset for a net operating loss carryforward, a similar tax loss, or a tax credit carryforward. If an applicable deferred tax asset is not available or a company does not expect to use the applicable deferred tax asset, the unrecognized tax benefit should be presented as a liability in the financial statements and should not be combined with an unrelated deferred tax asset. ASU 2013-11 is effective for annual reporting periods, and interim periods within 66  those years, beginning after December 15, 2013. The amendments should be applied prospectively to all unrecognized tax benefits that exist at the effective date, however retrospective application is permitted. The Company adopted this guidance in 2014. The adoption did not have a material effect on the consolidated financial statements. NOTE 2. WORKSITE EMPLOYEE-RELATED ASSETS AND LIABILITIES The following schedule presents the components of the Company’s WSE-related assets and WSE-related liabilities (in thousands): NOTE 3. WORKERS COMPENSATION The Company has agreements with various insurance carriers to provide workers compensation insurance coverage for worksite employees. Insurance carriers are responsible for administrating and paying claims. The Company is responsible for reimbursing each carrier up to a deductible limit per occurrence. 67 December 31, December 31, 2014 2013 Worksite employee-related assets: Restricted cash $ 64,890 $ 19,154 Restricted investment 4,555 2,317 Payroll funds collected 1,336,994 490,058 Unbilled revenue, net of advance collection of $113,190 and $54,159 at December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively 203,599 200,641 Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $388 and $865 at December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively 5,193 10,450 Prepaid health plan expenses 4,932 7,584 Refundable health plan premiums – 17,601 Refundable workers compensation premiums 7,975 20,834 Prepaid workers compensation expenses 1,256 1,414 Other payroll assets 5,742 2,384 Total worksite employee-related assets $ 1,635,136 $ 772,437 Worksite employee-related liabilities: Unbilled wages accrual $ 292,906 $ 243,640 Payroll taxes payable 1,119,427 358,285 Health benefits payable 104,220 67,132 Customer prepayments 53,770 51,902 Workers compensation payable 36,778 23,453 Other payroll deductions 23,454 23,212 Total worksite employee-related liabilities $ 1,630,555 $ 767,624  The following summarizes the activities in liability for unpaid claims and claims adjustment expenses (in thousands): Under the terms of its agreements with its workers compensation insurance carriers, the Company collects and holds premiums in restricted accounts pending claims payments by the claims administrator. As of December 31, 2014 and 2013, such restricted amounts of $36.5 million and $21.5 million, respectively, are presented as restricted cash and restricted investment within WSE-related assets in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. In addition, at December 31, 2014 and 2013, $69.4 million and $37.0 million, respectively, are presented as long-term restricted cash and investments. NOTE 4. BUSINESS COMBINATION The purchase price for each business combination is allocated to tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on the fair value at the date of purchase. Purchase price in excess of the identifiable assets and liabilities is recorded as goodwill. All acquisition-related costs are expensed as incurred and recorded in operating expenses. The Company includes operations associated with acquisitions from the date of acquisition. The Company made no acquisitions during 2014. Ambrose Employer Group, LLC (Ambrose) On July 1, 2013 (the acquisition date), the Company acquired 100% of the outstanding equity of Ambrose Employer Group, LLC (Ambrose). The estimated acquisition date fair value of the consideration transferred totaled $195.0 million, which consisted of the following (in thousands): 68 Year Ended December 31, 2014 2013 Liability for unpaid claims and claims adjustment at beginning of period $ 58,610 $ 53,900 Plans acquired through business combinations – 481 Incurred related to: Current year 61,669 26,401 Prior years (4,725 ) (3,319 ) Total incurred 56,944 23,082 Paid related to: Current year (13,525 ) (8,055 ) Prior years (9,623 ) (10,798 ) Total paid (23,148 ) (18,853 ) Liability for unpaid claims and claims adjustment at end of period 92,406 58,610 Other premiums and collateral liabilities 19,820 10,152 Total workers compensation liabilities at end of period $ 112,226 $ 68,762 Current portion included in worksite employee-related liability 36,778 23,453 Long term portion $ 75,448 $ 45,309 Cash paid to equity holders $ 201,271 Cash and cash equivalents acquired (6,273 ) Total $ 194,998  The following table summarizes the estimated fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the acquisition date (in thousands): The goodwill of $98.9 million is primarily attributable to the synergies and economies of scale expected from the acquisition of Ambrose. Because the Company acquired a 100% interest in Ambrose, a limited liability company, the Company received a stepped-up tax basis in the fair market value of the assets. Therefore, the goodwill is deductible for income tax purposes. The estimated fair value of the acquired identifiable other intangible assets of $94.4 million consisted of customer contracts, trademarks and non-compete agreements valued at $90.4 million, $2.6 million and $1.4 million, respectively. The Company recognized $0.4 million of acquisition-related costs for the Ambrose acquisition within general and administrative expenses in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. Ambrose contributed revenues of $134.5 million and net income of $1.6 million to the Company from July 1, 2013 to December 31, 2013. SOI Holdings, Inc. (SOI) On October 24, 2012 (the acquisition date), the Company acquired 100% of the outstanding equity of SOI Holdings, Inc. (SOI), the parent company of Strategic Outsourcing, Inc. The estimated acquisition date fair value of the consideration transferred totaled $195.8 million, which consisted of the following (in thousands): 69 Restricted cash $ 442 WSE-related assets 57,366 Prepaid expenses and other current assets 893 Goodwill 98,918 Identifiable intangible assets 94,380 Property and equipment 1,358 Other noncurrent assets 878 WSE-related liabilities (53,115 ) Accounts payable and accrued liabilities (5,646 ) Deferred rent (126 ) Other long term liabilities (350 ) Consideration transferred $ 194,998 Cash paid to equity holders $ 198,171 Receivable from equity holders (1,893 ) Cash and cash equivalents acquired (504 ) Total $ 195,774  The following table summarizes the estimated fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the acquisition date (in thousands): The goodwill of $164.6 million is primarily attributable to the synergies and economies of scale expected from the acquisition of SOI. None of the goodwill recognized is expected to be deductible for income tax purposes. The estimated fair value of the acquired identifiable other intangible assets of $81.5 million consisted of customer contracts and trademarks valued at $68.0 million and $13.5 million, respectively. The Company recorded $31.3 million in deferred tax liabilities associated with the identifiable intangible assets, $0.1 million of which is included in current deferred income taxes, while $31.2 million is included in other noncurrent liabilities above. Additionally, $17.3 million of current deferred tax liabilities and $9.4 million of noncurrent deferred tax liabilities were acquired in the transaction, for a total of $58.0 million in total deferred tax liabilities. During the year ended December 31, 2013, an adjustment to goodwill of $5.1 million was recorded, reducing the SOI goodwill balance to $159.5 million as a result of finalizing provisional income tax amounts. The Company recognized $0.6 million of acquisition-related costs for the SOI acquisition within general and administrative expenses in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. SOI contributed revenues of $17.2 million and a net loss of $1.4 million to the Company from October 24, 2012 to December 31, 2012. 210 Park Avenue Holding, Inc. (Accord) On April 26, 2012, the Company acquired 100% of the stock of 210 Park Avenue Holding, Inc. (Accord), an Oklahoma-based professional employer organization, for total consideration of $25.5 million, net of cash and cash equivalents acquired of $2.1 million. The acquisition of Accord resulted in approximately $16.3 million of goodwill, which is not deductible for tax purposes. Identifiable intangible assets acquired, which totaled approximately $13.8 million, consist of customer list, trademarks and non-compete agreements. App7, Inc. (ExpenseCloud) On May 3, 2012, the Company acquired 100% of the stock of App7, Inc. (ExpenseCloud), an expense management solution company, for total consideration of $2.7 million, net of cash acquired. The acquisition of ExpenseCloud resulted in approximately $1.8 million of goodwill, which is not deductible for tax purposes. Identifiable intangible assets acquired, which totaled approximately $1.2 million, consist of developed technology and non-compete agreements. The 2013 and 2012 acquisitions reflect the Company’s continued business strategy to diversify and expand its customer base as well as to expand its human resources services and solutions available to the Company’s current and target clients. Operating results of Ambrose, SOI, Accord and ExpenseCloud have been combined with TriNet’s operating results from the respective dates of acquisition. 70 Restricted cash $ 700 WSE-related assets 122,135 Prepaid expenses and other current assets 600 Goodwill 164,616 Identifiable intangible assets 81,500 Property and equipment 8,941 Other noncurrent assets 464 WSE-related liabilities (115,902 ) Accrued corporate wages (2,611 ) Deferred income taxes (17,386 ) Current portion of notes payable and borrowings under capital leases (579 ) Other current liabilities (3,841 ) Other noncurrent liabilities (42,863 ) Consideration transferred $ 195,774  Pro Forma Financial Information The following unaudited pro forma financial information presents the combined results of TriNet, SOI and Ambrose for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012 as if the SOI and Ambrose acquisition had occurred as of the beginning of 2012, by applying certain adjustments, principally adding acquisition financing costs and the amortization of acquired intangible assets and removing acquisition-related transaction expenses and SOI historical debt costs (in thousands): This pro forma information is based on estimates and assumptions, which Company management believes are reasonable, and is not necessarily indicative of the results of operations in future periods or the results that actually would have been realized had TriNet, Ambrose and SOI been a combined company during the specified periods. NOTE 5. PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT, NET Property and equipment, net, consist of the following (in thousands): Software and furniture, fixtures, and equipment include amounts for assets under capital leases of $1.4 million at December 31, 2014 and 2013. Accumulated depreciation of these assets was $0.9 million and $0.5 million at December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively. Amortization of assets held under capital leases is included with depreciation expense in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. Projects in progress consist primarily of software development costs. The Company capitalizes software development costs intended for internal use. The Company recognized depreciation expense for capitalized internally developed software of $5.2 million, $4.5 million and $2.4 million for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012, respectively. Accumulated depreciation for these assets was $29.4 million and $25.3 million at December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively. The Company periodically assesses the likelihood of unsuccessful completion of projects in progress, as well as monitoring events or changes in circumstances, which might suggest that impairment has occurred and recoverability should be evaluated. An impairment loss is recognized if the carrying amount of the asset is not recoverable and exceeds the future net cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. Due to significant changes in the extent and manner in which assets were expected to be used, the Company recognized losses of $0.9 million, $0.8 million and $2.8 million for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012, respectively, and included these charges in depreciation expense in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. 71 Year Ended December 31, 2013 2012 Total revenues $ 1,749,115 $ 1,424,876 Net income 7,978 16,374 December 31, December 31, 2014 2013 Software $ 53,349 $ 43,513 Office equipment, including data processing equipment 18,550 14,667 Leasehold improvements 7,092 6,836 Furniture, fixtures, and equipment 6,450 3,998 Projects in progress 6,786 5,106 92,227 74,120 Accumulated depreciation (59,929 ) (48,430 ) Property and equipment, net $ 32,298 $ 25,690  NOTE 6. GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS The following schedule summarizes goodwill and other intangible assets (in thousands): Amortization expense related to amortizable intangibles in future periods as of December 31, 2014 is expected to be as follows (in thousands): 72 December 31, 2014 Weighted Average Amortization Period Gross Carrying Amount Accumulated Amortization Net Carrying Amount Goodwill - $ 288,857 $ - $ 288,857 Amortizable intangibles: Customer contracts 3-5 years 209,850 (134,454 ) 75,396 Trademark 3 years 16,900 (11,761 ) 5,139 Developed technology 5 years 1,000 (533 ) 467 Noncompete agreements 2-3 years 1,940 (1,224 ) 716 4 years 229,690 (147,972 ) 81,718 Total $ 518,547 $ (147,972 ) $ 370,575 December 31, 2013 Weighted Average Amortization Period Gross Carrying Amount Accumulated Amortization Net Carrying Amount Goodwill - $ 288,857 $ - $ 288,857 Amortizable intangibles: Customer contracts 3-5 years 209,850 (88,579 ) 121,271 Trademark 3 years 16,900 (6,128 ) 10,772 Developed technology 5 years 1,000 (333 ) 667 Noncompete agreements 2-3 years 1,940 (630 ) 1,310 4 years 229,690 (95,670 ) 134,020 Total $ 518,547 $ (95,670 ) $ 422,877 Year ending December 31: 2015 $ 38,905 2016 18,376 2017 16,617 2018 7,820 2019 and thereafter - Total $ 81,718  NOTE 7. MARKETABLE SECURITIES AND FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS The Company’s noncurrent restricted cash and investments include $48.4 million of available-for-sale marketable securities and $21.0 million of cash collateral at December 31, 2014. The Company’s restricted investments within WSE-related assets include $2.2 million of available-for-sale marketable securities and $2.3 million of certificates of deposit as of December 31, 2014. The available-for-sale marketable securities consist of the following (in thousands): There were no realized gains or losses for the year ended December 31, 2014 and 2013. As of December 31, 2014 and 2013, the contractual maturities of the U.S. treasuries were two to three years. As of December 31, 2014 and 2013, certain of the Company’s U.S. treasuries were in an unrealized loss position, all for a period of less than 12 months. These unrealized losses are principally due to changes in interest rates and credit spreads. In analyzing an issuer’s financial condition, the Company considers whether the securities are issued by the federal government or its agencies, whether downgrades by bond rating agencies have occurred, and industry analysts’ reports. The fair value of these securities in an unrealized loss position represented 59% and 24%, respectively, of the total fair value of all securities available for sale and their unrealized loss was $0.02 million as of each December 31, 2014 and 2013. As the Company has the ability to hold debt securities until maturity, or for the foreseeable future as classified as available for sale, no decline was deemed to be other-than-temporary. Fair value is an exit price, representing the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. As such, fair value is a market-based measurement that should be determined based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or a liability. As a basis for considering such assumptions, the Company uses a three-tier valuation hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value as follows: This hierarchy requires the Company to use observable market data when available and to minimize the use of unobservable inputs when determining fair value. 73 Amortized Cost Gross Unrealized Gains Gross Unrealized Losses Estimated Fair Value December 31, 2014 U.S. treasuries $ 50,075 $ 22 $ (15 ) $ 50,082 Mutual funds 500 6 – 506 Total investments $ 50,575 $ 28 $ (15 ) $ 50,588 December 31, 2013: U.S. treasuries $ 35,900 $ 38 $ (20 ) $ 35,918 Mutual funds 500 8 – 508 Total investments $ 36,400 $ 46 $ (20 ) $ 36,426 • Level I—observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets • Level II—inputs other than the quoted prices in active markets that are observable either directly or indirectly • Level III—unobservable inputs in which there is little or no market data, which requires the Company to develop its own assumptions  The following table summarizes the Company’s financial assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis (in thousands): There were no transfers between Level I and Level II assets for the years ended December 31, 2014 or 2013. As of December 31, 2014 and 2013, certificate of deposit consisted of certificates of deposit held by domestic financial institutions, of which $2.3 million are presented as restricted investments within WSE-related assets. As of December 31, 2013, $0.5 million are presented as noncurrent restricted investments in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. The book value of the Company’s financial instruments not measured at fair value, including cash, restricted cash, WSE-related assets and liabilities, line of credit and accrued corporate wages approximates fair value due to the relatively short maturity, cash repayments or market interest rates of such instruments. The fair value of such financial instruments are determined using the income approach based on the present value of estimated future cash flows. At December 31, 2014 and 2013, the carrying value of our notes payable of $544.9 million and $818.4 million, respectively, approximated fair value. The estimate fair values of our notes payable are considered a level II valuation in the hierarchy for fair value measurement and are based on a cash flow model discounted at market interest rates that considers the underlying risks of unsecured debt. NOTE 8. NOTES PAYABLE AND BORROWINGS UNDER CAPITAL LEASES The following schedule summarizes the components of the Company’s notes payable and borrowings under capital leases balances (in thousands): In August 2013, the Company, as guarantor, its subsidiary TriNet HR Corporation, as borrower, and certain of its other subsidiaries as subsidiary guarantors entered into two senior secured credit facilities: 74 Total Fair Value Level I Level II Level III December 31, 2014 Certificate of deposit $ 2,318 $ 2,318 $ – $ – U.S. treasuries 50,082 50,082 – – Mutual funds 506 506 – – Interest rate cap 1 – 1 – Total $ 52,907 $ 52,906 $ 1 $ – December 31, 2013: Certificates of deposit $ 2,858 $ 2,858 $ – $ – U.S. treasuries 35,918 35,918 – – Mutual funds 508 508 – – Interest rate cap 47 – 47 – Total $ 39,331 $ 39,284 $ 47 $ – December 31, December 31, 2014 2013 Notes payable under credit facility $ 544,875 $ 818,425 Capital leases 275 452 Less current portion (20,738 ) (6,669 ) $ 524,412 $ 812,208 • a $705.0 million first lien credit facility with JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent which provided a $75.0 million revolving credit facility, a $175.0 million tranche B-1 term loan and a $455.0 million tranche B-2 term loan; and • a $190.0 million second lien credit facility with Wilmington Trust, National Association, as administrative agent.  In March 2014, the proceeds from the IPO were used to fully repay the $190.0 million second lien credit facility, which resulted in a prepayment premium of $3.8 million, and to repay $25.0 million of the first lien tranche B-1 term loan. Additionally, the remaining balance of the loan fees associated with the second lien credit facility and a portion of the loan fees associated with the first lien credit facility were fully amortized in March 2014 for a charge of $5.0 million. In May 2014, the Company repaid $25.0 million of the first lien tranche B-1 term loan. As a result, a portion of the loan fees associated with the first lien credit facility were fully amortized in May 2014 for a charge of $0.5 million. On July 9, 2014, the Company amended and restated its first lien credit facility pursuant to an amended and restated first lien credit agreement (“the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement”). The Amended and Restated Credit Agreement provides for: (i) $375.0 million principal amount of “tranche A term loans,” (ii) $200.0 million principal amount of “tranche B term loans,” and (iii) a revolving credit facility of $75.0 million. The proceeds of the tranche A term loans were used to refinance in part the tranche B-2 term loans outstanding under the original first lien credit facility. The proceeds of the tranche B term loans were used to (i) refinance the remaining tranche B-2 term loans outstanding under the original first lien credit facility, (ii) refinance other amounts outstanding under the original first lien credit facility and (iii) pay fees and expenses related thereto. The revolving credit facility replaced the revolving credit facility under the original first lien credit facility. The tranche A term loans and the revolving credit facility will mature on July 9, 2019. The tranche B term loans will mature on July 9, 2017. Loans under the revolving credit facility are expected to be used for working capital and other general corporate purposes. The tranche A term loans and loans under the revolving credit facility bear interest, at the Company’s option, at a rate equal to either the LIBOR rate, plus an applicable margin equal to 2.75% per annum, or the prime lending rate, plus an applicable margin equal to 1.75% per annum. The applicable margins for the tranche A term loans and loans under the revolving credit facility are subject to reduction by 0.25% or 0.50%, or increase by 0.25%, based upon the Company’s total leverage ratio. The tranche B term loans bear interest, at the Company’s option, at a rate equal to either the LIBOR rate, plus an applicable margin equal to 2.75% per annum or the prime lending rate, plus an applicable margin equal to 1.75% per annum. The Company is required to pay a commitment fee of 0.50%, subject to decrease to 0.375% based on our total leverage ratio, on the daily unused amount of the commitments under the revolving credit facility, as well as fronting fees and other customary fees for letters of credit issued under the revolving credit facility. The Company is permitted to make voluntary prepayments at any time without payment of a premium, except that a 1% premium would apply to a repricing of the tranche B term loans effected on or prior to the six-month anniversary of the effective date for the amendment and restatement of our credit facility. The Company is required to make mandatory prepayments of term loans (without payment of a premium) with (i) net cash proceeds from issuances of debt (other than certain permitted debt), (ii) net cash proceeds from certain non-ordinary course asset sales and casualty and condemnation proceeds (subject to reinvestment rights and other exceptions), and (iii) beginning with the fiscal year ending December 31, 2015, 50% of our excess cash flow (subject to decrease to (x) 25% if our total leverage ratio as of the last day of such fiscal year is less than 3.75 to 1.0 and equal to or greater than 3.00 to 1.0, and (y) 0% if the total leverage ratio as of the last day of such fiscal year is less than 3.00 to 1.0), provided that the Company may defer prepayments based on excess cash flow to the extent such payments would result the working capital being less than $10 million (after giving effect to such prepayments). The tranche A term loans will be paid in equal quarterly installments in an aggregate annual amount equal to: (i) beginning on December 31, 2014 to December 31, 2016, 5% of the original principal amount thereof, (ii) beginning on December 31, 2016 to December 31, 2018, 7.5% of the original principal amount thereof, and (iii) beginning on December 31, 2018 to June 30, 2019, 10% of the original principal amount thereof with any remaining balance payable on the final maturity date of the tranche A term loans. The tranche B term loans will be paid in equal quarterly installments in an aggregate annual amount equal to 1% of the original principal amount thereof, with any remaining balance payable on the final maturity date of the tranche B term loans. The $75.0 million revolving credit facility includes capacity for a $30.0 million letter of credit facility and a $10.0 million swingline facility. The total unused portion of the revolving credit facility was $59.5 million as of December 31, 2014. In connection with the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, the Company incurred $11.1 million of debt issuance costs. The Company deferred $8.0 million of the costs, which are being amortized over the term of the credit facility. The remaining $3.1 million of costs were recognized as interest expense and bank fees. Additionally, the Company recorded a $9.0 million loss on extinguishment of debt to write-off deferred issuance costs associated with the original first lien credit facility, which was also recognized as interest expense and bank fees. The remaining $6.1 million of loan fees associated with the previous facility that was deemed to be modified continues to be amortized over the revised remaining term of the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement. In August 2014, the Company repaid $25.0 million of the first lien tranche B-1 term loan. As a result, a portion of the loan fees associated with the first lien credit facility was fully amortized in August 2014 for a charge of $0.6 million. 75  The Amended and Restated Credit Agreement contains customary representations and warranties and customary affirmative and negative covenants applicable to the Company and its subsidiaries, including, among other things, restrictions on indebtedness, liens, investments, mergers, dispositions, prepayment of other indebtedness, and dividends and other distributions. The Amended and Restated Credit Agreement also contains financial covenants that require the Company to maintain a minimum consolidated interest coverage ratio of at least 3.50 to 1.00, beginning with the fiscal quarter ending December 31, 2014, and a maximum total leverage ratio, currently at 5.00 to 1.00. The Company was in compliance with the restrictive covenants under the credit facilities at December 31, 2014. The credit facility is secured by substantially all of the Company’s assets and the assets of the borrower and of the subsidiary guarantors, other than specifically excluded assets. NOTE 9. CONVERTIBLE PREFERRED STOCK On June 7, 2005, the Company issued 5,391,441 shares of Series G convertible preferred stock (Series G) at $11.00 per share for an aggregate cash purchase price of $59.3 million. The Company recorded the issuance of Series G at $59.1 million, net of issuance costs of $0.2 million. On June 1, 2009, the Company issued 4,124,986 shares of Series H convertible preferred stock (Series H) at $16.69 per share for an aggregate cash purchase price of $68.8 million. The Company recorded the issuance of Series H at $63.8 million, net of issuance costs of $5.0 million. Upon the issuance of Series H, certain terms related to Series G were amended. In March 2014, upon completion of the Company’s IPO, all of the outstanding shares of Series H and Series G were converted into 38,065,708 shares of common stock. NOTE 10: STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY Common Stock Upon closing of the IPO on March 31, 2014, the Company issued 15,000,000 shares of common stock at a public offering price $16 per share, for an aggregate offering price of $240 million, resulting in net proceeds to us of $217.8 million, after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions of approximately $16.8 million and offering expenses of approximately $5.6 million. In February 2014, the Company issued 91,074 shares to a member of the Board of Directors at $10.98 per share, which was the then estimated fair market value, for an aggregate of $1 million in cash. Equity-Based Incentive Plans In 2000, the Company established the 2000 Equity Incentive Plan (the 2000 Plan), which provided for granting incentive stock options, nonstatutory stock options, bonus awards and restricted stock awards to eligible employees, directors, and consultants of the Company. In December 2009, the Board of Directors approved the 2009 Equity Incentive Plan (the 2009 Plan) as the successor to and continuation of the 2000 Plan. As of the 2009 Plan effective date, remaining shares available for issuance under the 2000 Plan were cancelled and became available for issuance under the 2009 Plan. No additional stock awards will be granted under the 2000 Plan. The 2009 Plan provides for the grant of the following awards to eligible employees, directors, and consultants: incentive stock options, nonstatutory stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock awards, restricted stock unit awards, performance stock awards, performance cash awards, and other stock awards. Incentive stock options may only be granted to employees. Nonemployee directors are eligible to receive nonstatutory stock options automatically at designated intervals over their period of continuous service on the Board. In February 2014, the Board approved an amendment to the 2009 Plan authorizing an additional 3,000,000 shares available for grant. The amended 2009 Plan also provides that the number of shares reserved for issuance under the 2009 Plan will increase on January 1 of each year for a period of up to five years by 4.5% of the total number of shares of capital stock outstanding on December 31 of the preceding calendar year, which will begin on January 1, 2015 and continue through January 1, 2019.The exercise price per share of all incentive stock options granted under the 2000 Plan and the 2009 Plan must be at least equal to the fair market value of the shares at the date of grant as determined by the Board of Directors. Options issued to recipients other than nonemployee directors generally vest over four years with a one year cliff and monthly thereafter, and have a maximum contractual term of 10 years. Options issued to members of the Board of Directors are issued with varying vesting schedules. Incentive stock options granted at 110% of the fair market value to stockholders who have greater than 10% ownership have a maximum term of five years. 76  The Company also has granted restricted stock units to members of the Board of Directors and certain executives. These restricted stock units represent rights to receive shares of the Company’s common stock on satisfaction of applicable vesting conditions. The fair value of restricted stock units is equal to the fair value of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant. The restricted stock units vest at a rate of 25% at the end of the first year and then pro rata monthly thereafter over the remaining vesting term of three or two years, as applicable. Equity Incentive Plan activity under the 2000 Plan and the 2009 Plan is summarized as follows: The following table summarizes stock option activity under the Company’s equity-based plans for the year ended December 31, 2014: The weighted-average grant-date fair value of stock options granted in the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012 was $7.18, $4.11 and $1.51 per share, respectively. The total fair value of options vested for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012 was $7.5 million, $4.0 million and $3.6 million, respectively. The total intrinsic value of options exercised for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012 was $35.1 million, $52.6 million and $6.1 million, respectively. Cash received from options exercised during the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012 was $2.2 million, $7.1 million, and $5.4 million, respectively. The exercise price of all options granted was equal to the fair value of the common stock on the date of grant. As of December 31, 2014, unrecognized compensation expense, net of forfeitures, associated with nonvested options outstanding was $22.5 million, and is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.79 years. 77 Equity Incentive Plan activity Shares Available for Grant Balance at December 31, 2013 2,004,464 Authorized 3,000,000 Granted (2,773,500 ) Forfeited 470,980 Expired 6,580 Balance at December 31, 2014 2,708,524 Stock Options activity Number of Shares Weighted Average Exercise Price Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years) Aggregate Intrinsic Value (in thousands) Balance at December 31, 2013 6,281,148 $ 1.74 8.55 $ 53,373 Granted 2,748,500 13.02 Exercised (1,712,278 ) 1.28 Forfeited (417,980 ) 5.33 Expired (6,580 ) 0.50 Balance at December 31, 2014 6,892,810 $ 6.13 8.22 $ 173,338 Exercisable at December 31, 2014 1,735,148 $ 1.20 7.09 $ 52,195 Vested and expected to vest at December 31, 2014 6,600,369 $ 6.01 8.19 $ 166,806  The following table summarizes restricted stock unit activity under the Company’s equity-based plans for the year ended December 31, 2014: The total grant date fair value of restricted stock units granted in the year ended December 31, 2014 was $0.7 million. The total grant date fair value of restricted stock units vested in years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012 was $0.1 million, $0.1 million, $0.3 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2014 , unrecognized compensation expense, net of forfeitures, associated with the nonvested restricted stock units outstanding was $0.1 million and is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.50 years. During the years 2014, 2013 and 2012, the Company withheld 80,599, 809,012 and 15,724 shares, respectively, to settle payroll tax liabilities resulting from the exercises of stock options and vesting of RSUs held by the employees. Stock-Based Compensation Stock-based compensation expense of $11.0 million, $6.1 million and $4.4 million was recognized for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012, respectively. An income tax benefit of $2.0 million, $4.4 million, and $1.7 million was recognized relating to stock-based compensation expense for 2014, 2013, and 2012, respectively. The actual tax benefit realized from stock options exercised was $13.5 million, $19.9 million and $2.4 million for 2014, 2013 and 2012, respectively. The fair value of stock-based awards is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following weighted-average assumptions: Earnings per Share Prior to its IPO, the Company’s basic and diluted earnings per share (EPS) were computed using the two-class method, an earnings allocation method that determines earnings per share for common stock and participating securities. Shares of convertible preferred stock are considered participating securities and are entitled to dividend, on a pro rata basis, upon redemption, as if these had been converted to common stock. The undistributed earnings are allocated between common stock and participating securities as if all earnings had been distributed during the period. Basic EPS is calculated by taking net income, less earnings available to participating securities, divided by the basic weighted average common stock outstanding. Diluted EPS is calculated using the more dilutive of the if-converted method and the two-class method. Because the preferred stock participates in dividends on a pro rata basis as if the shares had been converted, the diluted earnings per share are the same under both methods. The two-class method has been presented below. 78 Restricted Stock Unit activity Number of Units Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value Nonvested at December 31, 2013 40,000 $ 13.21 Granted 25,000 28.59 Vested (4,250 ) 13.21 Forfeited (53,000 ) 20.46 Nonvested at December 31, 2014 7,750 $ 13.21 Year Ended December 31, Stock Option: 2014 2013 2012 Expected term (in years) 6.05 6.04 6.04 Expected volatility 58 % 48 % 46 % Risk-free interest rate 1.80 % 1.26 % 1.01 % Expected dividend yield 0 % 0 % 0 % Year Ended December 31, ESPP: 2014 2013 2012 Expected term (in years) 0.50 n/a n/a Expected volatility 33-58% n/a n/a Risk-free interest rate 0.06-0.07% n/a n/a Expected dividend yield 0 % n/a n/a  The following table sets forth the computation of the Company’s basic and diluted net income per share attributable to common stock for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012 (in thousands, except per share data): Special Dividend In March 2012, the Board of Directors declared a special dividend of $1.57 per common-equivalent share for holders of record of the Company’s preferred stock as of March 30, 2012, or a total of $59.5 million, and $1.57 per share for holders of record of the Company’s common stock as of May 15, 2012, or a total of $15.9 million. These dividends were fully paid in March 2012 and May 2012. Dividends have also been declared to holders of restricted stock units at $1.57 per share, or a total of $0.1 million, and are payable as the restricted stock units vest. In August 2013, the Board of Directors declared a special dividend of $5.88 per common-equivalent share for holders of record of the Company’s preferred stock as of August 21, 2013, or a total of $223.6 million, and $5.88 per share for holders of record of the Company’s common stock as of August 30, 2013, or a total of $87.1 million. These dividends were fully paid in August 2013 and September 2013. Dividends have also been declared to holders of restricted stock units at $5.88 per share, or a total of $0.1 million, and are payable as the restricted stock units vest. In December 2013, the Board of Directors declared a special dividend of $0.88 per common-equivalent share for holders of record of the Company’s preferred stock as of December 25, 2013, or a total of $33.3 million, and $0.88 per share for holders of record of the Company’s common stock as of December 25, 2013, or a total of $13.4 million. These dividends were fully paid in December 2013. Dividends have also been declared to holders of restricted stock units at $0.88 per share and are payable as the restricted stock units vest. As of December 31, 2012, dividends payable to holders of restricted stock units were $0.1 million. As of December 31, 2013 and June 30, 2014, dividends payable to holders of restricted stock were de minimis. As a result of the 2012 special dividend and in accordance with the provisions of the 2009 Plan, the Company adjusted the exercise prices on all outstanding options downward by $1.57, exactly equal to the amount of the dividend, except in three instances in which: (i) the incentive stock option exercise price was lower than $0.79, (ii) the non-qualified stock option exercise price was lower than $2.07, or (iii) the holder did not consent to the adjustment when consent was required. For incentive stock options that were priced lower than $0.79 and non-qualified stock options priced lower than $2.07, the Company adjusted the exercise price to $0.22 and $0.50 respectively, and increased the number of shares to maintain the ratio of strike price to stock value pre- and post-adjustment. 79 Year Ended December 31, 2014 2013 2012 Numerator (basic) Net income $ 15,497 $ 13,147 $ 31,832 Less net income allocated to participating securities (2,224 ) (9,926 ) (25,312 ) Net income attributable to common stock $ 13,273 $ 3,221 $ 6,520 Denominator (basic) Weighted average shares of common stock outstanding 56,161 12,353 9,805 Basic EPS $ 0.24 $ 0.26 $ 0.66 Numerator (diluted) Net income $ 15,497 $ 13,147 $ 31,832 Less net income allocated to participating securities (2,114 ) (9,303 ) (23,974 ) Net income attributable to common stock $ 13,383 $ 3,844 $ 7,858 Denominator (diluted) Weighted average shares of common stock 56,161 12,353 9,805 Dilutive effect of stock options and restricted stock units 3,406 3,379 2,671 Weighted average shares of common stock outstanding 59,567 15,732 12,476 Diluted EPS $ 0.22 $ 0.24 $ 0.63 Common stock equivalents excluded from income per diluted share because of their anti-dilutive effect 526 1,389 2,947  As a result of the August 2013 special dividend and in accordance with the provisions of the 2009 Plan, the Company adjusted the exercise prices on all outstanding options downward by $5.88, exactly equal to the amount of the dividend, except in three instances in which: i) the exercise price was lower than $6.38, ii) the holder of the incentive stock option under the 2009 Plan did not consent to the adjustment when consent was required, or iii) the incentive stock option was under the 2000 Plan. For options that were priced lower than $6.38, the Company adjusted the exercise price to $0.50. As a result of the December 2013 special dividend and in accordance with the provisions of the 2009 Plan, the Company adjusted the exercise prices on all outstanding options downward by $0.88, exactly equal to the amount of the dividend, except in three instances in which: i) the exercise price was lower than $1.38, ii) the holder of the incentive stock option under the 2009 Plan did not consent to the adjustment when consent was required, or iii) the incentive stock option was under the 2000 Plan. For options that were priced lower than $2.75, the Company adjusted the exercise price to $0.50 No changes were made to the original option grant-date fair value for the purpose of recognizing ongoing stock-based compensation cost. No changes were made to nonvested restricted stock units. Stock Repurchases In May 2014, the Board of Directors authorized a stock repurchase program that provided for the repurchase of up to $15 million of our outstanding common stock, with no expiration from the date of authorization. In November 2014, the Board of Directors authorized an additional $30 million stock repurchase program, with no expiration from the date of authorization. These stock repurchase programs are intended to offset dilution resulting from the issuance of shares under the Company’s ESPP and upon exercise of stock options . During 2014, the Company repurchased 490,419 shares of outstanding common stock for $15 million. As of December 31, 2014, a total of approximately $30 million remained available for further repurchases of the Company’s common stock under the Company’s stock repurchase program. In March 2013, the Company offered to purchase up to 1,800,000 shares of the Company’s outstanding common stock from eligible security holders for $8.20 per share. As a result, the Company purchased 407,728 shares of common stock for $3.3 million. The offer expired on May 31, 2013. In November 2012, the Company offered to purchase up to 2,200,000 shares of the Company’s outstanding common stock from eligible security holders for $4.31 per share. As a result, the Company purchased 608,540 shares for $2.6 million. The offer expired on December 31, 2012. Stock Split On March 7, 2014, the Company’s board of directors and stockholders approved and effected an amendment to the amended and restated certificate of incorporation providing for a 2-for-1 stock split of the outstanding common stock. All of the share numbers, share prices, and exercise prices have been adjusted within these financial statements, on a retroactive basis, to reflect this 2-for-1stock split. Employee Stock Purchase Plan The Company adopted the 2014 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (ESPP) in February 2014, which became effective on March 26, 2014. The ESPP was approved with a reserve of 1.1 million shares of common stock for future issuance under various terms provided for in the ESPP, which will automatically increase on January 1 of each year from 2015 through 2024 by the lesser of 1% of the total number of shares outstanding on December 31 of the preceding calendar year or 1,800,000 shares. The Company commenced its first purchase period under the ESPP on March 26, 2014 with the purchase price at the lesser of 85% of the fair market value of the common stock on the offering date and 85% of the fair market value of the common stock on the applicable purchase date. Offering periods are six months in duration and end on or about May 15 and November 15 of each year, with the exception of the initial offering period which commenced on March 26, 2014 and ended on November 14, 2014. Employees may contribute a minimum of 1% and a maximum of 15% of their earnings. During the year ended December 31, 2014, employees purchased 249,494 shares under the ESPP at a price of $13.6 per share for cash proceeds of $3.4 million. NOTE 11. 401(k) PLAN Under the Company’s 401(k) plan, corporate participants may direct the investment of contributions to their accounts among certain investments. The Company matches individual employee 401(k) plan contributions at the rate of $0.50 for every dollar contributed by employees subject to a cap. The Company recorded matching contributions to the 401(k) plan of $3.5 million, 80  $2.7 million, and $1.5 million during the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012, respectively, which are reflected in various operating expense lines within the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. The Company also maintains a multiple employer defined contribution plan, which covers WSEs for client companies electing to participate in the plan and for its internal staff employees. The Company contributes, on behalf of each participating client, varying amounts based on the clients’ policies and serviced employee elections. NOTE 12. INCOME TAXES The Company is subject to taxation in the United States and Canada. However, business is conducted primarily in the United States. The effective tax rate differs from the statutory rate primarily due to state taxes, tax credits and changes in uncertain tax positions. The Company makes estimates and judgments about its future taxable income that are based on assumptions that are consistent with the Company’s plans and estimates. Should the actual amounts differ from these estimates, the amount of the valuation allowance could be materially affected. Income taxes are computed using the asset and liability method, under which deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the difference between the financial statement and tax basis of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to affect taxable income. Valuation allowances are established when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized. Changes in valuation allowances are reflected as a component of provision for income taxes. Significant components of the Company’s deferred tax assets and liabilities are as follows (in thousands): The deferred tax assets and liabilities presented above are classified in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets as follows (in thousands): 81 December 31, 2014 2013 Deferred tax assets: Net operating losses (federal and state) $ 2,996 $ 8,994 Accrued expenses 9,381 7,995 Accrued workers compensation costs 13,964 5,489 Stock-based compensation 2,508 1,669 Tax benefits relating to uncertain positions 20 72 Tax credits (federal and state) 9,865 4,318 Other 354 160 Total 39,088 28,697 Valuation allowance (6,945 ) (5,194 ) Total deferred tax assets 32,143 23,503 Deferred tax liabilities: Depreciation and amortization (10,643 ) (22,259 ) Deferred service revenues (77,827 ) (24,456 ) Prepaid health plan expenses (2,202 ) (1,143 ) Total deferred tax liabilities (90,672 ) (47,858 ) Net deferred tax liabilities $ (58,529 ) $ (24,355 ) December 31, 2014 2013 Net current deferred tax liabilities $ (65,713 ) $ (16,535 ) Net non-current deferred tax liabilities - (8,888 ) Net current deferred tax assets - 68 Net non-current deferred tax assets 7,184 1,000 Net deferred tax liabilities $ (58,529 ) $ (24,355 )  The provision for income taxes consists of the following (in thousands): The U.S. federal statutory income tax rate reconciled to the Company’s effective tax rate is as follows: Our effective tax rate increased from 37.6% for 2013 to 53.2% in 2014, primarily due to non-deductible stock-based compensation and the revaluation of deferred taxes resulting from regulatory state tax law changes. The Company recognized $2.6 million, $0.3 million and $0.4 million of tax expense related to the revaluation of deferred taxes for the periods ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012, respectively. The Company records a valuation allowance to reduce reported deferred tax assets if, based on the weight of available evidence, both positive and negative, for each respective tax jurisdiction, it is more likely than not that some or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The Company recorded a valuation allowance of $1.9 million and $2.0 million as of December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively, related to certain federal and state net operating loss carryforwards that may not be utilized prior to expiration. The Company has federal and multiple state net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $8.6 million and $58.6 million as of December 31, 2014, respectively. The federal net operating loss carryforward will begin expiring in 2030 and the state net operating loss carryforward will begin expiring in 2015.The Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, imposes substantial restrictions on the utilization of net operating losses in the event of an “ownership change” of a corporation. Accordingly, a company’s ability to use net operating losses may be limited as prescribed under Internal Revenue Code Section 382 (“IRC Section 382”). Events which may cause limitations in the amount of the net operating losses that the Company may use in any one year include, but are not limited to, a cumulative ownership change of more than 50% over a three-year period. Due to the effects of historical equity issuances, the Company has determined that the future utilization of a portion of its net operating losses is limited annually pursuant to IRC Section 382. As of December 31, 2014, the Company has determined that a portion of its federal and state net operating losses in the amount of $3.8 million and $2.7 million, respectively, will expire because of the annual limitation. The Company has excluded excess windfall tax benefits resulting from stock option exercises as components of the Company’s gross deferred tax assets, as tax attributes related to such windfall tax benefits should not be recognized until they result in a reduction of taxes payable. The gross amount of unrealized net operating loss carryforwards for federal and state resulting from stock option exercises was $4.6 million and $19.3 million, respectively at December 31, 2014. When realized, excess windfall tax benefits are credited to additional paid-in capital. The December 31, 2014 current tax benefit of $26.3 million is net of $9.7 million excess tax benefit resulting from stock option exercises and net operating loss carryforward utilization. The Company follows tax law ordering method to determine when such net operating loss carryforwards have been realized. 82 Year Ended December 31 2014 2013 2012 Current: Federal $ (31,111 ) $ 11,319 $ 10,699 Foreign 230 217 142 State 4,618 3,081 1,845 (26,263 ) 14,617 12,686 Deferred: Federal 38,297 (5,659 ) 6,610 State 5,545 (1,021 ) 1,048 43,842 (6,680 ) 7,658 $ 17,579 $ 7,937 $ 20,344 Year Ended December 31 2014 2013 2012 U.S. federal statutory tax rate 35.00 % 35.00 % 35.00 % State income taxes, net of federal benefit 3.8 3.8 3.4 Tax rate change 7.8 1.5 0.7 Nondeductible transaction costs 0.9 - 0.6 Nondeductible meals, entertainment and penalties 4.3 4.1 0.9 Stock-based compensation 4.5 (0.1 ) 0.1 Uncertain tax positions 0.8 (2.3 ) (0.2 ) Tax credits (3.6 ) (4.3 ) (0.9 ) Other (0.3 ) (0.1 ) (0.6 ) 53.20 % 37.60 % 39.00 %  The Company has multiple federal tax credit carryforwards of approximately $3.9 million, of which $1.8 million will begin expiring in 2031. The Company recorded a valuation allowance of $0.1 million and $0.1 million as of December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively, related to certain federal tax credit carryforwards that may not be utilized prior to the expiration. Additionally, the Company has $6.5 million (net of federal benefit) state tax credit carryforwards available that will begin expiring in 2021, which are partially offset by a valuation allowance of $5.0 million. The December 31, 2014 current tax benefit of $26.3 million is net of $24.3 million tax benefit from operating loss carry forwards. The valuation allowance increased by $1.8 million, $3.7 million and $1.1 million as of December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012, respectively. The Company is subject to tax in U.S. federal and various state and local jurisdictions, as well as Canada. The Company is not subject to any material income tax examinations in federal or state jurisdictions for tax years beginning prior to January 1, 2010. However, there are outstanding Notices of Proposed Assessment disallowing employment tax credits totaling $10.5 million in connection with the IRS examination of Gevity HR, Inc. and Subsidiaries, which was acquired by TriNet on June 1, 2009. While Appeals has denied the credits, and the Company plans to exhaust all administrative efforts to resolve this issue, it is likely that the matter will ultimately be resolved through litigation. With regard to these employment tax credits, the Company believes it is more likely than not that the Company will prevail. Therefore, no reserve has been recognized related to this matter. As of December 31, 2014 and 2013, the total unrecognized tax benefits related to uncertain income tax positions, which would affect the effective tax rate if recognized, were $3.2 million and $2.9 million, respectively. It is reasonably possible that $2.6 million of the total unrecognized tax benefits as of December 31, 2014 will settle within the next year; thus, the gross unrecognized tax benefit at December 31, 2014 (including interest of $0.8 million) could significantly decrease within 2015. Unrecognized tax benefits that may settle within the next year represent federal employment tax credits, which are more fully described above. A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits (excluding interest and penalties) is as follows (in thousands): The Company includes interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits within the provision for income taxes. As of December 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013, the total amount of gross interest and penalties accrued was $0.8 million and $0.7 million, respectively, which is classified as current liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. In connection with tax matters, the Company recognized interest and penalty expense related to its uncertain tax positions as a component of income tax expense in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations of $0.1 million, de minimis and $0.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012, respectively. The Company has not provided for U.S. federal income and foreign withholding taxes on its Canadian subsidiary’s undistributed earnings of $1.9 million as of December 31, 2014, because the Company intends to reinvest such earnings indefinitely. Upon distribution of those earnings in the form of dividends or otherwise, the Company would be subject to U.S. income taxes (subject to an adjustment for foreign tax credits). Determining the unrecognized deferred tax liability related to investment in the Canadian subsidiary that are indefinitely reinvested is not practicable. We currently intend to indefinitely reinvest those earnings and other basis differences in operations outside the U.S. 83 December 31, 2014 2013 2012 Unrecognized tax benefits at January 1 $ 2,300 $ 2,710 $ 2,516 Additions for tax positions of prior periods 25 – 110 Additions for tax positions of current period 182 286 49 Additions due to acquisitions – – 509 Reductions for tax positions of prior period: Settlements with taxing authorities – (406 ) – Lapse of applicable statute of limitations – (290 ) (330 ) Adjustments to tax positions (36 ) – (144 ) Unrecognized tax benefits at December 31 $ 2,471 $ 2,300 $ 2,710  NOTE 13. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES Lease Commitments The Company leases office facilities, including its headquarters and other facilities, and equipment under non-cancelable operating leases. The Company also leases certain software and furniture, fixtures, and equipment under capital leases. The schedule of minimum future rental payments under non-cancelable operating and capital leases having initial terms in excess of one year at December 31, 2014, is as follows (in thousands): The lease agreements generally provide for rental payments on a graduated basis and for options to renew, which could increase future minimum lease payments if exercised. The Company recognizes rent expense on a straight-line basis over the lease period and accrues for rent expense incurred but not paid. Rent expense for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012 was $11.9 million, $9.9 million and $7.3 million, respectively. Sublease income to be received under non-cancelable subleases for the years ending December 31, 2015 and 2016, is $0.3 million and $0.3 million, respectively. Operating Covenants To meet various states’ licensing requirements and maintain accreditation by Employer Services Assurance Corporation, the Company is subject to various minimum working capital and net worth requirements. As of December 31, 2014 and 2013, the Company believes it has fully complied in all material respects with all applicable state regulations regarding minimum net worth, working capital and all other financial and legal requirements. Further, the Company has maintained positive working capital throughout the period covered by the financial statements. Contingencies The Company may from time to time become involved in various litigation arising in the ordinary course of business including suits by our customers. The unfavorable resolution of any such matter could have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial position and results of operations. Due to the nature of the Company’s relationship with its WSEs, the Company could be subject to liability for federal and state law violations even if the Company does not participate in such violations. While the agreements with customers contain indemnification provisions related to the conduct of its customers, the Company historically has not encountered situations requiring enforcement of these indemnification provisions. 84 Capital Leases Operating Leases Year ending December 31: 2015 $ 247 $ 10,877 2016 25 7,777 2017 15 5,179 2018 4 3,773 2019 – 3,044 Thereafter – 4,515 Minimum lease payments 291 $ 35,165 Less current portion of minimum lease payments (238 ) Less interest (16 ) Long term portion of capital leases $ 37  NOTE 14. RESTRUCTURING COSTS In 2011, the Company conducted reductions in force affecting approximately 11% of its workforce. The restructuring costs consist of severance and placement costs, lease termination costs and other exit costs. The activity and balance of the restructuring liability account excluding impairment charges is as follows (in thousands): The restructuring liability account is included in the following accounts in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets (in thousands): NOTE 15. QUARTERLY FINANCIAL DATA (UNAUDITED) 85 Year Ended December 31 2014 2013 2012 Beginning balance $ 1,374 $ 2,200 $ 3,834 Provision – – – Change in estimate – – (14 ) Payments (730 ) (826 ) (1,620 ) Ending Balance $ 644 $ 1,374 $ 2,200 Year Ended December 31 2014 2013 2012 Other current liabilities $ 644 $ 730 $ 802 Other liabilities – 644 1,398 Total $ 644 $ 1,374 $ 2,200 Quarter ended March 31 June 30 September 30 December 31 2014 Total revenues $ 508,912 $ 525,006 $ 555,951 $ 603,662 Insurance costs 381,157 400,195 428,184 476,779 Operating income 25,277 20,029 21,246 20,239 Net income 1,540 6,221 725 (1) 7,011 Basic net income per share 0.03 0.09 0.01 0.10 Diluted net income per share 0.03 0.09 0.01 0.10 2013 Total revenues $ 351,070 $ 363,432 $ 448,117 $ 481,656 Insurance costs 253,912 269,217 343,464 359,992 Operating income 21,583 13,932 7,287 23,535 Net income 10,537 4,343 (7,740 ) (2) 6,007 (2) Basic net income per share 0.22 0.09 (0.60 ) 0.11 Diluted net income per share 0.20 0.08 (0.60 ) 0.11 (1) Included in the results of the third quarter of 2014 is the write-off of debt issuance costs and pre-payment premium as a result of the Company’s amended and restated first lien credit facility. Please read Note 8, “Notes Payable and Borrowings Under Capital Leases,” for additional information (2) Includes the acquisition of Ambrose Employer Group, LLC during the third and fourth quarter of 2013. Please read Note 4, “Business Combinations,” for additional information.  Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure. None. Item 9A. Controls and Procedures. Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of December 31, 2014. The term “disclosure controls and procedures,” as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act, means controls and other procedures of a company that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the company’s management, including its principal executive officer and principal financial officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Based on the evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of December 31, 2014, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of such date, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at the reasonable assurance level. Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting This report does not include a report of management’s assessment regarding internal control over financial reporting or an attestation report of our registered public accounting firm due to a transition period established by rules of the SEC for newly public companies. Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting Other than as described below, there were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting identified in connection with the evaluation required by Rule 13a-15(d) and 15d-15(d) of the Exchange Act that occurred during the quarter ended December 31, 2014 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting. As described below, we have implemented changes to our disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting to remediate the material weakness identified below. Remediation Efforts on Previously Identified Material Weakness In preparing and reviewing our consolidated financial statements as of and for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and in connection with our restatement of previously issued consolidated financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2010 and 2011, we and our independent registered public accounting firm identified a material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting related to accounting for income taxes. A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of our financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. The material weakness identified related to our incorrectly recording a deferred tax asset in connection with our accounting for our acquisition of Ambrose that should have been recorded as goodwill as of September 30, 2013, and to incorrectly recording a true-up to the income tax provision in 2011 related to the allocation of stock compensation between qualified and nonqualified stock options that should have been identified and recorded in 2010. As such, our controls over financial reporting were not designed or operating effectively, and as a result there were adjustments required in connection with closing our books and records and preparing our consolidated financial statements for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and a restatement was required for our consolidated financial statements for 2010 and 2011. In response to this material weakness, we hired a Director of Income Tax Accounting, who reports directly to our Chief Accounting Officer, we engaged external technical advisers with expertise in accounting for income taxes to assist us with the evaluation of complex tax issues, and we improved our process, procedures and documentation standards relating to the preparation of income tax provision calculations. We continue to assess and develop our tax professionals to provide appropriate technical and accounting expertise commensurate with our needs to properly consider and apply GAAP for income taxes. 86  We believe our remediation efforts resulted in the elimination of the previously identified material weakness. While this material weakness has been remediated, we cannot assure you that we have identified all of our existing material weaknesses, or that we will not in the future have additional material weaknesses. We have dedicated resources to the design, implementation, documentation and testing of our internal controls. We will continue to evaluate the effectiveness of our internal controls, including our internal control over accounting for income taxes, and will continue to make changes that we believe will strengthen our internal controls to ensure that our financial statements continue to be fairly stated in all material respects. Neither we nor our independent registered public accounting firm has performed an evaluation of our internal control over financial reporting during any period in accordance with the provisions of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. In light of the material weakness that was identified in 2013 as a result of the limited procedures performed, we believe that it is possible that, had we and our independent registered public accounting firm performed an evaluation of our internal control over financial reporting in accordance with the provisions of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, additional material weaknesses or significant control deficiencies may have been identified. Item 9B. Other Information. Not applicable. 87  PART III Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance. Information required by this item is incorporated by reference to TriNet Group Inc.’s Proxy Statement for its 2015 Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be filed with the SEC within 120 days after the end of the fiscal year ended December 31, 2014. Item 11. Executive Compensation. Information required by this item is incorporated by reference to TriNet Group Inc.’s Proxy Statement for its 2015 Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be filed with the SEC within 120 days after the end of the fiscal year ended December 31, 2014. Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters. Information required by this item is incorporated by reference to TriNet Group Inc.’s Proxy Statement for its 2015 Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be filed with the SEC within 120 days after the end of the fiscal year ended December 31, 2014. Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence. Information required by this item is incorporated by reference to TriNet Group Inc.’s Proxy Statement for its 2015 Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be filed with the SEC within 120 days after the end of the fiscal year ended December 31, 2014. Item 14. Principal Accounting Fees and Services. Information required by this item is incorporated by reference to TriNet Group Inc.’s Proxy Statement for its 2015 Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be filed with the SEC within 120 days after the end of the fiscal year ended December 31, 2014. 88  PART IV Item 15. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules. (a) The following documents are filed as a part of the report: (1) The financial statements filed as part of this report are listed in the “Index to Financial Statements” under Part II, Item 8 of this report. (2) Financial statement schedules. SCHEDULE II—VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS 89 Balance at Credited/ Charges Balance at Beginning of Charged to Balance Utilized/ End of (in thousands) Period Net Income Acquired Write-Offs Period Allowances for Doubtful Accounts and Authorized Credits Year ended December 31, 2014 865 947 — (1,424 ) 388 Year ended December 31, 2013 819 839 — (793 ) 865 Year ended December 31, 2012 221 805 335 (542 ) 819 Tax Valuation Allowance Year ended December 31, 2014 5,194 1,751 — — 6,945 Year ended December 31, 2013 1,547 2,451 1,196 — 5,194 Year ended December 31, 2012 431 (18 ) 1,399 (265 ) 1,547  SIGNATURES Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of San Leandro, State of California, on the 30th day of March, 2015. KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS, that each person whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints Burton M. Goldfield, William Porter and Gregory L. Hammond, and each of them, as his true and lawful attorneys-in-fact and agents, each with the full power of substitution, for him and in his name, place or stead, in any and all capacities, to sign any amendments to this report and to file the same, with exhibits thereto, and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, hereby ratifying and confirming all that any of said attorneys-in-fact and agents, or their or his substitute or substitutes, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof. Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated. 90 TRINET GROUP, INC. By: /s/ B URTON M. G OLDFIELD Burton M. Goldfield Chief Executive Officer Signature Title Date /s/ B URTON M. G OLDFIELD Chief Executive Officer ( principal executive officer ) March 30, 2015 Burton M. Goldfield /s/ W ILLIAM P ORTER Chief Financial Officer (principal financial and accounting officer) March 30, 2015 William Porter /s/ KATHERINE AUGUST-DEWILDE Director Katherine August-deWilde March 30, 2015 /s/ MARTIN BABINEC Director March 30, 2015 Martin Babinec /s/ H. RAYMOND BINGHAM Director March 30, 2015 H. Raymond Bingham /s/ KENNETH GOLDMAN Director March 30, 2015 Kenneth Goldman /s/ DAVID C. HODGSON Director March 30, 2015 David C. Hodgson /s/ JOHN H. KISPERT Director March 30, 2015 John H. Kispert /s/ WAYNE B. LOWELL Director March 30, 2015 Wayne B. Lowell  EXHIBIT INDEX 91 Incorporated by Reference Exhibit No. Description of Exhibit Form File No. Exhibit Filing Date Filed Herewith 2.1 Equity Purchase Agreement by and among TriNet Group, Inc., Ambrose Employer Group, LLC and Gregory Slamowitz, John Iorillo and Marc Dwek, dated July 1, 2013. S-1 333-192465 2.1 11/21/2013 2.2 Agreement and Plan of Merger by and among TriNet Group, Inc., Champ Acquisition Corporation, SOI Holdings, Inc. and SOI Stockholder Representative, LLC, dated August 24, 2012. S-1 333-192465 2.2 11/21/2013 2.3* Agreement and Plan of Merger by and among TriNet Group, Inc., Gin Acquisition, Inc. and Gevity HR, Inc., dated March 4, 2009. 8-K 000-22701 2.1 3/6/2009 3.1 Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of TriNet Group, Inc. 8-K 001-36373 3.1 4/1/2014 3.2 Amended and Restated Bylaws of TriNet Group, Inc. S-1/A 333-192465 3.4 3/4/2014 4.1 Amended and Restated Registration Rights Agreement, by and among TriNet Group, Inc., GA TriNet LLC and HR Acquisitions, LLC, dated June 1, 2009. S-1 333-192465 4.2 11/21/2013 10.1 Amended and Restated 2000 Equity Incentive Plan. S-1 333-192465 10.1 11/21/2013 10.2 Forms of Option Agreement and Option Grant Notice under the Amended and Restated 2000 Equity Incentive Plan. S-1 333-192465 10.2 11/21/2013 10.3 Amended and Restated 2009 Equity Incentive Plan. S-1/A 333-192465 10.3 3/14/2014 10.4 Form of Option Agreement and Option Grant Notice under the Amended and Restated 2009 Equity Incentive Plan. S-1/A 333-192465 10.4 3/4/2014 10.5 Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement and Restricted Stock Unit Award Notice under the Amended and Restated 2009 Equity Incentive Plan. S-1/A 333-192465 10.6 3/4/2014 10.6 2014 Employee Stock Purchase Plan. S-1/A 333-192465 10.7 3/14/2014 10.7 Form of Indemnification Agreement made by and between TriNet Group, Inc. and each of its directors and executive officers. S-1/A 333-192465 10.8 3/4/2014 10.8 Employment Agreement, dated November 9, 2009, between Burton M. Goldfield and TriNet Group, Inc. S-1/A 333-192465 10.9 2/13/2014 10.9 Employment Agreement, dated November 9, 2009, between Gregory Hammond and TriNet Group, Inc. S-1/A 333-192465 10.10 2/13/2014 10.10 Employment Agreement, dated August 23, 2010, between William Porter and TriNet Group, Inc. S-1/A 333-192465 10.11 2/13/2014  92 Incorporated by Reference Exhibit No. Description of Exhibit Form File No. Exhibit Filing Date Filed Herewith 10.11 Employment Agreement, dated March 5, 2012, between John Turner and TriNet Group, Inc. S-1/A 333-192465 10.12 2/13/2014 10.12 Amended and Restated First Lien Credit Agreement, dated as of August 20, 2013, as amended and restated as of July 9, 2014, among TriNet HR Corporation, as borrower, TriNet Group, Inc., the lenders from time to time party thereto and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent. 8-K 001-36373 10.1 7/10/2014 10.13 Creekside Plaza Office Lease between Creekside Associates, LLC and TriNet Group, Inc., dated April 24, 2001. S-1 333-192465 10.15 11/21/2013 10.14 First Amendment to Creekside Plaza Office Lease between Creekside Associates, LLC and TriNet Group, Inc., dated June 21, 2012. S-1 333-192465 10.16 11/21/2013 21.1 List of Subsidiaries. X 23.1 Consent of Ernst & Young LLP, independent registered public accounting firm. X 24.1 Power of Attorney (included on the signature page of this report) 31.1 Certification of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 X 31.2 Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 X 32.1** Certification of Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 X 101.INS XBRL Instance Document X 101.SCH XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document X 101.CAL XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document X 101.DEF XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document X 101.LAB XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document X 101.PRE XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document X * Filed as Exhibit 2.1 to the current report on Form 8-K of Gevity HR, Inc. filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 6, 2009 (file no. 000-22701) and incorporated herein by reference. ** Document has been furnished, is deemed not filed and is not to be incorporated by reference into any of the Company's filings under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, irrespective of any general incorporation language contained in any such filing.  Exhibit 21.1 SUBSIDIARIES OF TRINET GROUP, INC. Company Name DBA/AKA Incorporation Jurisdiction TriNet Group, Inc. TriNet Delaware TriNet HR Corporation TriNet California TriNet HR II, Inc. TriNet Delaware TriNet HR V, Inc. TriNet Delaware TriNet Employer Group Canada, Inc. TriNet Ontario TriNet Insurance Services, Inc. California TriNet Employee Benefit Insurance Trust a Grantor Trust Archimedes Risk Solutions, Ltd. Bermuda Gevity Insurance Agency, Inc. Delaware App7, Inc. ExpenseCloud Delaware 210 Park Avenue Holding, Inc. Oklahoma Accord Human Resources, Inc. Accord Oklahoma Accord Human Resources 2, Inc. Accord Human Resources of Florida II, Inc. Florida Accord Human Resources 8, Inc. Accord Human Resources of Georgia, Inc. Oklahoma Accord Human Resources 10, Inc. Florida Accord Human Resources 11, Inc. Accord Human Resources of California, Inc. California Accord Human Resources 12, Inc. Accord Human Resources of Florida, Inc. Florida Accord Human Resources 13, Inc. Accord Human Resources of New York II, Inc. New York Accord Human Resources 14, Inc. Accord Human Resources of New York, Inc. New York Accord Human Resources 15, Inc. Accord Human Resources of California II, Inc. California Accord Human Resources 16, Inc. Accord Human Resources of Texas, Inc. Texas Accord Human Resources 17, Inc. Accord Human Resources of Colorado, Inc. Colorado Accord Human Resources 18, Inc. Accord Human Resources of New York III, Inc. New York Accord Human Resources 19, Inc. Accord Personnel Services, Inc. Florida Accord Human Resources 20, Inc. CEO, Inc. Indiana Accord Technology, LLC Oklahoma Mosaic By Accord, LLC Oklahoma SOI Holdings, Inc. Delaware Strategic Outsourcing, Inc. SOI Delaware SOI, Inc. Delaware Amlease Corporation Delaware Summit Services, Inc. New Jersey  Company Name DBA/AKA Incorporation Jurisdiction Summit Services of Georgia, Inc. Georgia Amlease of PA, Inc. Pennsylvania SOI-17 of TN, Inc. Tennessee SOI-23 of FL, Inc. Florida Real Solutions, Inc. Arizona SOI-27 of CA, Inc. California SOI-28 of TX, Inc. Texas SOI-29 of AR, Inc. Arkansas SOI-31 of AR, Inc. Arkansas ALSUB-36, Inc. Alabama Strategic Outsourced HR, Inc. Indiana Star Outsourcing, Inc. Arizona AZSUB-51, Inc. Arizona NYSUB-54, Inc. New York NYSUB-55, Inc. New York SOI-59 of TX, Inc. Texas FLSUB-62, Inc. Florida TXSUB-64, Inc. Texas Route 66 HR Outsourcing, Inc. California Mayberry HR Outsourcing, Inc. North Carolina Rocky Top HR Outsourcing, Inc. Tennessee HR Complete, Inc. Delaware ASOI, Inc. Delaware Affiliated Risk Management, Inc. North Carolina Ambrose Employer Group, LLC Ambrose New York Ambrose Advisory Services, LLC New York Exhibit 23.1 Consent of Ernst & Young LLP, Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm We consent to the incorporation by reference in the Registration Statement (Form S-8 No.333-194880), pertaining to the TriNet Group, Inc. 2000 Equity Incentive Plan, TriNet Group, Inc. 2009 Equity Incentive Plan, and TriNet Group, Inc. 2014 Employee Stock Purchase Plan of our report dated March 30, 2015 with respect to the consolidated financial statements and schedule of TriNet Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries included in this Annual Report (Form 10-K) for the year ended December 31, 2014. /s/ Ernst & Young LLP San Francisco, California March 30, 2015  Exhibit 31.1 CERTIFICATION BY PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICER PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002 I, Burton M. Goldfield, certify that: 1. I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of TriNet Group, Inc.; 2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report; 3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; 4. The registrant's other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) for the registrant and have: 5. The registrant's other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): Date: March 30, 2015 (a) designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; (b) evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and (c) disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and (a) all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and (b) any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting. /s/ Burton M. Goldfield Burton M. Goldfield President and Chief Executive Officer  Exhibit 31.2 CERTIFICATION BY PRINCIPAL FINANCIAL OFFICER PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002 I, William Porter, certify that: 1. I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of TriNet Group, Inc.; 2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report; 3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; 4. The registrant's other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) for the registrant and have: 5. The registrant's other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): Date: March 30, 2015 (a) designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; (b) evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and (c) disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and (a) all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and (b) any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting. /s/ William Porter William Porter Chief Financial Officer  Exhibit 32.1 CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002 In connection with the Annual Report of TriNet Group, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), on Form 10-K for the year ending December 31, 2014 as filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), each of the undersigned officers of the Company does hereby certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350 (section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002), that: The foregoing certification (i) is given to such officers’ knowledge, based upon such officers’ investigation as such officers reasonably deem appropriate; and (ii) is being furnished solely pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350 (section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002) and is not being filed as part of the Report or as a separate disclosure document and is not to be incorporated by reference into any filing of the Company under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (whether made before or after the date of the Report), irrespective of any general incorporation language contained in such filing. (1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and (2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company. Date: March 30, 2015 /s/ Burton M. Goldfield Burton M. Goldfield Chief Executive Officer /s/ William Porter Date: March 30, 2015 William Porter Chief Financial Officer 

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