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Tronox Holdings plc

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FY2013 Annual Report · Tronox Holdings plc
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A Brighter Future – From the Ground Up

t r o n o x   l i m i t e d

C o r p o r A t e   o f f i C e s

Australia
1 Brodie Hall-Drive
Bentley
Western Australia 6102
+61-(0)8-9365-1333

United States
263 Tresser Boulevard
Suite 1100
Stamford, CT 06901
+1-203-705-3800

www.tronox.com

t r o n o x   l i m i t e d
2 0 1 3   A n n u A l   r e p o r t

Unique advantages.

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A Brighter Future – From the Ground Up

t r o n o x   l i m i t e d

C o r p o r A t e   o f f i C e s

Australia
1 Brodie Hall-Drive
Bentley
Western Australia 6102
+61-(0)8-9365-1333

United States
263 Tresser Boulevard
Suite 1100
Stamford, CT 06901
+1-203-705-3800

www.tronox.com

t r o n o x   l i m i t e d
2 0 1 3   A n n u A l   r e p o r t

Unique advantages.

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A Brighter Future – From the Ground Up

t r o n o x   l i m i t e d

C o r p o r A t e   o f f i C e s

Australia
1 Brodie Hall-Drive
Bentley
Western Australia 6102
+61-(0)8-9365-1333

United States
263 Tresser Boulevard
Suite 1100
Stamford, CT 06901
+1-203-705-3800

www.tronox.com

t r o n o x   l i m i t e d
2 0 1 3   A n n u A l   r e p o r t

Unique advantages.

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2013 Tronox Highlights

t r o n o x   l i m i t e d
(All monetary units in this report are in US$ unless otherwise noted)

k e y   a c c o m p l i s h m e n t s   i n   2 0 1 3

t r o n o x   l o c a t i o n s   a r o u n d   t h e   W o r l d

•	 Total	net	sales	of	$1.922 billion, an increase of 5 percent over 2012
•	 Continued	vertical	integration	of	the	company’s	titanium	feedstock	and	TiO2 

pigment production

•	 Appointment	of	a	new	Chief	Financial	Officer,	Chief	Information	Officer,	 

and an Executive Vice President

•	 Dividends	totaling	$115 million issued to shareholders
•	 Successful	financing	of	a	$1.5 billion senior secured loan
•	 Reduced	planned	operating	expenses	by	more	than	$100 million

•	 Investment	in	sustainable	technologies	such	as	upgraded	control	systems	 

to	drive	efficiency	gains	while	reducing	our	environmental	impact

•	 Construction	began	on	the	Fairbreeze	Mine	in	South	Africa

Stamford, CT

Oklahoma City, OK

Henderson, NV

Hamilton, MS

Namakwa Sands, S.A.

Botlek,
the Netherlands

Shanghai,
China

Singapore

Western
Australia

KZN Sands, S.A.

Sandton, S.A.

t a b l e   o f   c o n t e n t s

Letter to Shareholders 

Far & wide 

Our Performance  

Under any condition  

Corporate Citizenship  

Tronox Values 

Financials 

2

4

6

7

12

16

17

Board of Directors and Executive Management   61

Shareholder Information  

62

Tronox and its operating unit names, logos, and product service designators are  
either the registered or unregistered trademarks or trade names of Tronox Limited  
and its subsidiaries.

The company that printed our annual report, Universal|Wilde,  
is certified by the Rainforest Alliance to the Forest Stewardship 
Council™ (FSC®) standard. The plant uses only vegetable-based inks 
and it recycles 100% of the excess papers generated by the printing and 
finishing process including trims, corrugated and office waste.

Design: SVP Partners, Wilton, CT
Tronox Location Photography: 
Tjalling Jan Raukema – the Netherlands
Peta North – Australia
Fred Welch, Dave Smith – United States
Graeme Robinson, Meyer Productions – South Africa

A Brighter Future – From the Ground Up

t r o n o x   l i m i t e d

C o r p o r A t e   o f f iC e s

Australia
Tronox Limited
1 Brodie Hall-Drive
Bentley
Western Australia 6102
+61-8-9365-1348

United States
263 Tresser Boulevard
Suite 1100
Stamford, CT 06901
+1-203-705-3800
sustainability@tronox.com

www.tronox.com

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2 0 1 3   A n n u A l   r e p o r t

A Brighter Future – From the Ground Up

t r o n o x   l i m i t e d

C o r p o r A t e   o f f iC e s

Unique advantages.

Australia
Tronox Limited
1 Brodie Hall-Drive
Bentley
Western Australia 6102
+61-8-9365-1348

United States
263 Tresser Boulevard
Suite 1100
Stamford, CT 06901
+1-203-705-3800
sustainability@tronox.com

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2 0 1 3   A n n u A l   r e p o r t

A Brighter Future – From the Ground Up

t r o n o x   l i m i t e d

C o r p o r A t e   o f f iC e s

Unique advantages.

Australia
Tronox Limited
1 Brodie Hall-Drive
Bentley
Western Australia 6102
+61-8-9365-1348

United States
263 Tresser Boulevard
Suite 1100
Stamford, CT 06901
+1-203-705-3800
sustainability@tronox.com

t r o n o x   l i m i t e d
2 0 1 3   A n n u A l   r e p o r t

Unique advantages.

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www.tronox.com

www.tronox.com

a b o u t   t h e   c o v e r s   |  The cover you see on this copy of the Tronox 2013	Annual	Report	
is actually one of three covers, each featuring a Tronox employee.

Inspector Lloyd Browne on the job at Botlek Pigment Plant in Botlek, Netherlands

Operator Leonie van den Haak at Botlek Pigment Plant in Botlek, Netherlands

Business	Improvement	Analayst	Lusapho Tom at the Namakwa Sands smelter in Saldanha, 
South	Africa.

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The global economy is advancing, leading  
to the creation of new infrastructure and 
housing as growing middle classes drive 
demand for consumer products. This 
economic activity will lift demand for TiO2. 
As the largest fully integrated producer of 
mineral sands and TiO2 pigment, Tronox is 
poised for success. Controlling the process 
from mining titanium ore to selling finished 
pigment lowers our cost structure and 
makes us a more efficient producer. Spanning 
four different continents, our operations  
are strategically located to meet global 
customer demand.

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Dear Shareholder

tom casey, chairman and  chief  executive  of f icer

2013 marked our first full year as Tronox Limited. It was challeng-
ing for our industry, as the softness in global pricing for titanium 
dioxide (TiO2) pigment that began in 2012 continued. Yet, it was a 
year that clearly demonstrated the competitive advantage vertical 
integration brings Tronox. By controlling both the downstream and 
upstream of the industry, we generated higher EBITDA in a volatile 
market than had we remained non-integrated.

Throughout 2013, a rebalancing of supply and demand in the 

TiO2 value chain made its way upstream. Coatings companies, 
which had previously ramped up pigment inventories in response to 
rising prices and strong global paint demand, began drawing down 
stockpiles in late 2012 and early 2013. Pigment manufacturers 
ultimately responded by decreasing capacity utilization in order to 
manage down high inventories even as demand returned to normal 
levels during 2013. Unlike pure-play pigment companies, Tronox 
was better able to weather this tough environment because we 
captured margin on all the feedstock we mined. We also benefited 
from third-party sales of zircon and pig iron, co-products of  
TiO2 production.

As described in this report, we believe that our structure is a key 
asset in our mission to create long-term stakeholder value in the face 
of increasing competition in our industry. Arming us with assurance 
of our long-term costs, our vertical integration gives us an excellent 
chance to attain cost structures and operating efficiency levels that 
are on par with, or better than, all of our competitors and new market 
entrants. However, it doesn’t guarantee the company’s success.

Success requires a common culture that drives the people of a 
company to work cohesively and strive for excellence in pursuit  
of clear goals. Building such a culture across four continents and 
among a culturally diverse workforce is a tremendous challenge 
under any circumstances. Doing it against the backdrop of 
historically poor market conditions requires a commitment to 
teamwork and operational excellence that is exceptional. Yet that’s 
exactly what we did in 2013. We dedicated ourselves to putting in 
place the winning values that will serve as our foundation for future 
growth and achievement – and I could not be prouder of the hard 
work and skillfulness of our 3,400 employees and 2,000 contractors 
around the globe.

2  Tronox Limited

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Our values – Health & Safety; Responsibility; People; 

Over the year, we also initiated a number of significant  

additions or improvements in our operations. These steps include  
the building of a cogeneration power plant and an Unattritioned 
Magnetic Material (UMM) facility to increase ilmenite production  
at our Namakwa operations in South Africa; the D-line expansion  
at Hamilton which increases the line’s capacity by 7 percent; and, 
comprehensive cost-performance projects at Botlek and Kwinana. 
We will continue to make investments in safe and sustainable 
technologies and systems that improve our business operations  
in accordance with our strategic goals.

We have entered 2014 from a position of strength. We have a 
robust balance sheet, and we are committed to focused and disciplined 
growth as the low-cost provider in both the pigment and mineral 
sands sectors. We also expect to benefit in future years from annual 
U.S. tax benefits potentially totaling hundreds of millions, or billions, 
of dollars stemming from the favorable ruling in the Anadarko 
Petroleum litigation. I am optimistic that the market will strengthen 
over the course of the year, and when it does Tronox will gain a 
competitive advantage.

As always, I want to thank our shareholders and customers for  
the continued confidence they have in Tronox. And, I also want to 
thank my colleagues at Tronox for their hard work and contributions 
to helping us create a brighter future, from the ground up.

Warm regards,

t o m   c a s e y , Chairman and Chief Executive Officer

Teamwork; Customers; and Results – define us both as a company 
and as individuals, and transcend the differences between our 
diverse workforce in terms of background or nationality. These 
principles are driving us to maintain the safest possible work 
environment, and to promote corporate sustainability so that the 
value we create is shared widely for many years to come.

Every day I see or hear impressive examples of our values in action. 
To name a few:

• Leaders across the organization are engaging with employees on the 
front lines to promote safety as part of our Visible Felt Leadership 
programs.

• We responded to falling pigment prices by taking more than  

$100 million out of our operating expenses in 2013.

• We obtained a $1.5 billion senior secured term loan that added 

$800 million of cash to our balance sheet.

• Across the business, we are investing in sustainable technologies 
such as upgraded control systems to drive efficiency gains while 
reducing our environmental impact.

• Our Pigment and Electrolytic division has implemented a new 

process to optimize the innovation and investment efforts across the 
group, enabling Tronox to sharpen our focus on the most promising 
projects.

• And in June, our team at the synthetic rutile plant at Chandala in 
Western Australia worked together to set a new monthly record by 
producing 21,155 metric tons of synthetic rutile.

Our values are also finding expression in the care that our 
employees are displaying toward their co-workers, communities  
and others in need all over the world. Whether planting trees for 
local communities, volunteering at area schools or displaying a 
selfless desire to help in the wake of a tragic accident at KZN Sands 
or the tornados in Oklahoma, the actions of our people reflect an 
admirable sense of camaraderie and responsibility. Further, Tronox  
is contributing more than $2 million to corporate citizenship 
programs in the areas in which we live and work. These programs 
are brightening the lives of thousands in our local communities  
by supporting education programs, advocating environmental 
stewardship, fighting discrimination, fostering economic opportu-
nity and promoting health and wellness initiatives.

2013 Annual Report  3

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Tronox’s finished pigments help make “quality of life” products 
around the world. They are in the paint on homes, office buildings 
and automobiles, and are widely used in the production of paper  
and plastics, such as PVC piping. They are even in the casings of 
consumer electronics such as smart phones and tablets. Growth  
in demand for these pigments has traditionally traced global GDP 
trend lines.

Tronox’s mineral sands operations consist of two product streams –  
titanium feedstock, which includes ilmenite, natural rutile, titanium 
slag, and synthetic rutile; and co-production products such as zircon 
and low-manganese pig iron (LMPI), which are contained in the 
mineral sands extracted to capture natural titanium feedstock. 
Tronox operates three separate mining operations: KZN Sands and 
Namakwa Sands located in South Africa, and our Northern 
Operations, near Perth in Western Australia. Combined, these 
mining operations have an annual production capacity of 753,000 
metric tons of titanium feedstock, 265,000 metric tons of zircon  
and 221,000 metric tons of LMPI. Titanium feedstock is the most 

Far & wide.

  h av e  yo u b e en in  co ntac t  w it h   o ne   o f  ou r  p roducts  today?

4  Tronox Limited

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significant raw material used in the manufacture of titanium dioxide 
(TiO2). Tronox believes annual production of titanium feedstock 
from its mineral sands operations will continue to exceed the raw 
material supply requirement for its TiO2 operations.

The company’s three TiO2 production facilities are strategically 
positioned in geographies to reach key markets worldwide. Tronox is 
one of only five global companies to utilize a chloride process to 
produce TiO2. The chloride process, which accounts for 100 percent 
of Tronox’s pigment production gross capacity, produces pigment 
grades with a brighter appearance that is preferred by manufacturers 
of high-grade coatings and plastics. 

Titanium Dioxide
Zircon
Low-Manganese  
Pig Iron
Activated Carbon
Electrolytic Products

2013 Annual Report  5

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Our Performance

Tronox delivered strong operating cash flow 
in 2013, our first full year as an integrated 
company, with cash provided by operating 
activities improving by $219 million,  
at $337 million, up substantially from  
$118 million in 2012.

r e s p o n s e   t o   t h e   2 0 1 3   b u s i n e s s   e n v i r o n m e n t 
The price of pigment in all regions globally has shown considerable 
volatility over the last several years with annual global average 
pricing moving up more than 50 percent between 2010 and 2012 
and down as much as 21 percent in 2013. In response to last  
year’s soft market, the company reduced its operating expenses by 
more than $100 million. This cost reduction included more  
than $23 million in supply chain management savings and more 
than $33 million from integration synergies. By the end of 2013 
sales volumes appeared to be back to normal levels.

p o s i t i o n e d   f o r   G r o w t h
At Tronox, we believe that there is a value in being larger, provided 
that we do so in a low-cost vertically integrated structure – a critical 
element for successful competition going forward.

In 2013, the company took the opportunity to enter favorable 

debt markets to reach two milestones to help achieve this goal.  
In March we obtained a $1.5 billion senior secured term loan that 

added $800 million of cash to our balance sheet, while at the same 
time, significantly reduced restrictive conditions on our debt 
structure that limited our flexibility. This strong cash position enables 
Tronox to pursue strategic alternatives for growth. We are taking a 
focused and disciplined approach regarding our plans for growth and 
any use of this cash, be it for internal or strategic investments.

We also believe that Tronox is positioned for growth through  

its unique tax-advantages resulting from tax loss carry-forwards 
totaling $3 billion in U.S. federal and state, and foreign net 
operating losses; and, interest expense deductions of $2 billion  
over the next decade resulting from U.S. borrowing activity.

We feel that these tax benefits are amplified by the favorable 
December 2013 ruling of a U.S. federal bankruptcy court in the  
case of Tronox Incorporated vs. Anadarko Petroleum Corporation. As a 
result, subject to a final damages determination by the court and 
potential appeal, Tronox Limited should be entitled to potential  
tax deductions ranging from $5 billion to $14 billion, or greater, 
over several decades.

6  Tronox Limited

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b o t l e k ,   t h e   n e t h e r l a n d s

Jr. Process Engineer Anwar Kasiemkhan monitors 
a pressure indicator at the Botlek Raw Pigment 
Plant in Botlek, Netherlands.

Under any condition.

    tron ox's  uniq ue m arket   p osit io n.

After acquiring Exxaro Mineral Sands in 2012, Tronox completed 
the full integration of its Mineral Sands and Pigment divisions in 
2013 to become the largest vertically integrated producer in the 
TiO2 industry. The structure means a stronger and more stable 
Tronox that is better positioned in any pricing environment for 
feedstock and TiO2.

By the second quarter of 2013, Tronox’s Pigment business 
sourced 100 percent of its feedstock requirements internally.  
We retain the margin in both feedstock and the pigment, meaning 
that the cost of ore for that finished pigment – once sold – reflects 
only the cost of production and transportation.

Tronox’s access to its own ore stocks provides enduring advan-
tages. The company’s mineral sands segment has a guaranteed buyer 
for most of its feedstock production, while the pigment segment  
has an assured source of supply. The integrated company can operate 
more efficiently and better manage working capital.

2013 Annual Report  7

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o r e   u p

p i G m e n t   u p

b e c a u s e   t r o n o x ’ s   o v e r a l l   c o s t s   a r e   l o w e r ,  the company’s access to 
internally sourced ore is especially advantageous in an environment in which 
pricing for ore and pigment are both strong. Tronox also sells hundreds of 
thousands of tons of feedstock above its current internal requirements to 
third parties along with co-products zircon, low-manganese pig iron and 
activated carbon. Our bottom line will therefore reflect enhanced profits not 
only from more profitable pigment sales, but from third-party sales of 
feedstock and co-products as demand rises to meet the increase in pigment 
production. With feedstock and pigment utilization rates moving at full  
tilt, fixed costs at both the mineral sands and pigment levels are spread out 
across more sales volumes.

t r o n o x   a s   a n   i n t e G r a t e d   c o m p a n y  is in a much better position to 
expand production or enter into certain agreements because we have access to 
feedstock in the face of a long-term shortage in the marketplace. It also gives 
us the ability to be opportunistic in carrying out acquisitions to grow our 
pigment capacity.

n o n - i n t e G r a t e d   p i G m e n t   p r o d u c e r s  may have to shop around in a 
tight ore environment in order to get the right blends for their pigment 
plant operations. This dynamic affected Tronox in 2012 prior to the Exxaro 
Mineral Sands acquisition when the company was forced to buy low-quality 
slag from China, leading to down time. Vertical integration means that 
Tronox’s feedstock blends are more constant, leading to greater operational 
efficiency. We never have to shop around when ore is tight.

8  Tronox Limited

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o r e   u p

p i G m e n t   d o w n

u n d e r   t h e   d i f f i c u l t   s c e n a r i o  when pricing is high for ore but weak for 
pigment, the margins of non-integrated pigment participants are squeezed 
because high process costs do not directly lead to stronger pricing. Indeed, 
when it happened in late 2012 and early 2013, a strong performance from 
Tronox’s mineral sands segment boosted overall company operating profit. 
Tronox’s comparatively stable operating earnings performance throughout 
the year reflects the company’s ability to withstand adverse conditions.

o v e r   t h e   m e d i u m   t o   l o n G   t e r m ,  Tronox projects high-grade feedstock –  
rutile, synthetic rutile (SR), and chloride process (CP) slag – to be in tight 
supply as GDP growth in the developing markets further drives TiO2 
demand. Whereas non-integrated pigment producers may seek to exit or pull 
back from the market, Tronox is well-positioned to go on offense and grow.

t r o n o x   i s   t h e   o n ly   m a j o r   p r o d u c e r  of CP slag, SR, and rutile which 
allows us to dynamically shift the mix of ore we consume as opposed to sell 
into market. In 2013, for example, sales of SR dropped as some pigment 
producers switched to lower-grade feedstock to reduce cost while demand for 
pigment was subdued. Since global pigment operations were not running  
at high utilization rates, many TiO2 competitors were not willing to pay a 
premium to blend SR (which has a higher titanium concentration). As a 
result, some companies chose to shutter SR operations until supply fell back 
in line with demand. During this period, however, Tronox was able to sell its 
high-quality SR in-house to produce higher-margin pigment, while selling 
more slag to third parties.

2013 Annual Report  9

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o r e   d o w n

p i G m e n t   d o w n

a s   o u t l i n e d   i n   o u r   b u s i n e s s   s t r a t e G y,  one of Tronox’s central 
strategies is securing and sustaining the lowest-cost position in the industry. 
Our focus on operational excellence and vertical integration positions the 
company to reach this sustainable business goal and grow our operations.

e v e n   u n d e r   s u b - o p t i m a l   c o n d i t i o n s  for both feedstock and pigment, 
we are better off than our competition on cost as we leverage our scale and 
integrated value chain. And since we have visibility upstream and down-
stream, we are less susceptible to tying up large amounts of precious working 
capital into big waves of inventory. These advantages allow Tronox to  
ride out the storm while others may be forced to shut plants or mines. 
Alternatively, we believe that we would be in position to drive more volume 
in order to capture market share and reduce effective production cost per  
ton by spreading the company’s cost basis.

w e   b e l i e v e   t h a t   p e r i o d s   o f   w e a k n e s s  in both feedstock and ore 
markets will be limited and short in duration. Risk will be mitigated by a 
range of supply factors including limited alternatives to TiO2, technological 
and operational challenges, and the time- and capital-intensiveness of 
bringing on new capacity. Growth, on the other hand, will be supported  
by increasing global consumer spending and infrastructure development.

10  Tronox Limited

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o r e   d o w n

p i G m e n t   u p

i n   a   s c e n a r i o   w h e n   p r i c i n G   f o r   p i G m e n t   i s   h i G h   b u t   p r i c i n G   
f o r   o r e   i s   s o f t ,  Tronox benefits from having a guaranteed internal 
purchaser for the bulk of its ore production. The guaranteed buyer enables 
Tronox’s mineral sands business to weather the difficult environment as  
ore supply is brought back online to match renewed demand from pigment 
plants. While some ore producers may be forced to shut or slow down their 
production, or stop investing because of a lack of cash, we can still make 
long-term investments because the overall company is still benefiting from 
stronger margins.

i f   a b s o l u t e ly   n e c e s s a r y,  we can slow feedstock production at the 
appropriate time given that our mining business has unique insight into  
the end-market demand requirements.

“Better off with vertical  
integration – under any 
condition”

2013 Annual Report  11

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n a m a k w a   s a n d s ,   s o u t h   a f r i c a

Tronox partnered with the Doring Bay commu-
nity to establish an abalone farm near Namakwa 
Sands in South Africa. Below, workers on the  
farm harvest kelp to feed the abalone.

At Tronox, corporate citizenship is an integral part of our global 
business. We believe that our business can and should play a 
leadership role in improving the quality of life in the communities 
in which we operate. All around the world we are continually 
challenging ourselves to promote sustainable growth, invest in green 
technologies, be transparent in all our business operations, and make 
positive contributions in the communities where we live and work.
We believe that these efforts promote the long-term interests of 

all our stakeholders, including employees, customers, business 
partners, investors, local communities, government officials, and  
the mining and minerals industries at large.

The Tronox corporate citizenship strategy is defined by these  

key pillars:
s u s t a i n a b i l i t y/e n v i r o n m e n t   |  We understand that our 
shareholders, employees and local communities all win when we 
build sustainable business operations – we invest in programs to 
advance environmental stewardship and empower the communities 
in which we operate

Corporate  
Citizenship

12  Tronox Limited

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e d u c a t i o n   |  We are an engineering and science-based business –  
we are eager to share our expertise and resources to advance 
education in these fields

e q u a l   r i G h t s   &   d i v e r s i t y   |  We are a global business with  
a diverse workforce – we are advocates for nondiscrimination and 
social justice in the workplace and community

h e a l t h   &   w e l l n e s s   |  The physical welfare of our employees and 
community are a core value of Tronox – we actively work to increase 
awareness and sponsor programs that reflect this value

n i G h t   s t a l k :   p r o t e c t i n G   w i l d l i f e

Tronox has partnered with the Perth Zoo in Western Australia since 
2003 on a program to help protect animal wildlife. Through the 
“Night Stalk” program, a national-citizen science program where 
people search for and catalogue native and invasive flora and fauna in 
their local areas, Tronox is engaging employees, their families and 
the community in raising public awareness of pressing environmen-
tal issues. The efforts are a manifestation of Tronox’s “responsibility” 
value in action.

Human population growth represents one of the greatest threats 
to biodiversity because a rising population requires more resources 
and space while creating more pollution. In turn, this puts pressure 
on native species and ecosystems as habitats are altered through  
land clearing for agricultural, commercial or residential purposes, 
and by over harvesting our natural resources, which include 
livestock and water. Displacement of native species from certain 
areas can have dire effects as new competition opens up for food  
and habitat. The introduction of new predators may also lead to  
the spread of harmful diseases.

c h i l d r e n   o f   t r o n o x   e m p l o y e e s  search for frogs as part of a Night Stalk 
community event near the Kwinana pigment plant at the Naragebup 
Regional Environmental Centre in Rockingham, Western Australia. More 
than two hundred people attended the event.

Between September and October 2013, Tronox sponsored 77 
Night Stalk events across Australia. The events attracted more than 
1,137 participants.

“Tronox’s ongoing support of the Perth Zoo and the Night Stalk 
initiative helps the Zoo in its mission of saving wildlife,” said Perth 
Zoo Partnerships Manager Ingrid Barnard. “The program connects 
the community with local wildlife, furthering knowledge while 
engaging the community. In turn, this encourages conservation 
action to protect and preserve the important biodiversity that 
surrounds us.”

The data compiled from these events is recorded by the Perth 

Zoo and distributed to national and international conservation 
agencies and environmental organizations. The regular monitoring 
helps these groups learn about the health of, and changes to,  
local plant and animal habitats.

2013 Annual Report  13

441446.Edt.cs5.indd   13

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Economic

Tronox’s business strategy is founded on sustainable growth that  
can be replicated and realized over time in the form of increased 
value for our customers, employees, shareholders and communities.
Tronox has implemented safe, sustainable and efficient business 
practices at our daily operations across four continents. We believe 
we have the low-cost structure in place that gives us the best chance 
to deliver on our goals. Access to our own, internally sourced ore 
will enable Tronox to grow our pigment business and hold costs in 
check as we pursue growth through either organic or inorganic means.
By executing our strategy and investing in our business, we 
create economic growth in the regions and countries in which we 
operate. For example, Tronox’s new Fairbreeze mine under construc-
tion in northern KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, will preserve  
more than 1,000 permanent and contractor positions and generate 
an additional 1,000 indirect jobs. Tronox anticipates spending 
approximately $49.8 million (ZAR530 million) on services and 
products for the project, more than half of which will go to black 
economic empowerment (BEE) companies. The development of 
infrastructure for Fairbreeze, such as a new electric power substation 
and water pipeline will also benefit the region. Post-mining 
rehabilitation of the site will support tourism, land preserves for 
ecological research and agriculture.

Just as we invest in our business, we also invest in our local 
communities so that they too can become stronger and grow with 
us. In 2013, Tronox distributed $1.85 billion in economic value  
(as defined by Global Reporting Initiative standards) to local 
communities worldwide. We are proud of the impact we have made 
as a generator of economic opportunity, and we strive to engage  
local business partners – including women- and minority-owned 
businesses – wherever we operate.

14  Tronox Limited

P h i n d i l e   n g e m a ,  a farm worker, harvests rose geranium at Shepley Farm 
near Tronox’s Fairbreeze Mine. In early 2013, Tronox bought the farm, which 
produces essential oils used in lotions and perfumes worldwide.

S h e P l e y   F a r m :   S o w i n g   S e e d S   F o r   l o c a l   g r o w t h

In early 2013, Tronox bought Shepley Farm, a grower of rose 
geraniums, adjacent to the Fairbreeze mine and formed a partnership 
with the farm’s prior owner. Shortly after, Tronox recapitalized the 
on-site essential oils business as a local economic development 
project. Essential oils are plant-based aromatic compounds that are 
used in cosmetics, perfumes, and other products. The continuing 
aim is to assist in the regional prospects of the essential oils business 
opportunities by facilitating the formation of agreements between 
suppliers of rose geranium and oil distilleries. Through guidance, 
planting and facilitation, the KZN Sands rehabilitation team has 
made a considerable impact on the local essential oil industry. The 
oils produced at Shepley Farm infuse lotions, potions and perfumes 
around the world for customers such as Estée Lauder.

441446.Pg.14-15.cs5.indd   14

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Environment

Land rehabilitation is a major component of Tronox’s corporate 
citizenship and environmental strategies. Tronox has a deep-seated 
appreciation for the richness of the land at our three global 
mine-sites and the importance it holds to local communities in 
South Africa and Australia.

Roughly 5-10 percent of the soil harvested from our mines is 
usable ore. After extracting titanium ore and other valuable minerals, 
we return the unused earth to the mining site for rehabilitation. 
After mining in an area is completed, the landscape is restored as 
close as possible to its natural form. This rehabilitation entails 
restoring the original layers of top soil to sustain the replanting of 
native flora, or to use the land for the production of cash-generating 
agricultural crops by local farmers. In 2013, Tronox spent a  
total $10.4 million rehabilitating 3,883 hectares (9,591 acres)  
of mined land.

S u g a r   c a n e :   r e h a b i l i t a t i o n   F o r   l a S t i n g   v a l u e

In 2012, Tronox planted 216 metric tons of locally sourced seed 
cane on 14 hectares (35 acres) of rehabilitated soil at KZN’s 
Hillendale Mine in South Africa. In May 2013, the sugarcane crop 
reached maturity. The result was a great success, owing to the years 
of research and tremendous effort put in by the Hillendale mine 
team. The sugar harvest surpassed expectations with 1,060 metric 
tons delivered to the local Felixton Sugar Mill for the production  
of sugar.

Conformance with Tronox’s strict health and safety rules 
challenged the company to go above and beyond standard cane 
industry practices. Each cane cutter was required to use protective 
equipment to reduce the risk of personal injury. Tronox also chose 
not to follow the standard industry practice of pre-harvest burning 
to remove the foliage from the canes, which generates air pollution 
in the form of huge plumes of smoke. Instead, the trashing process 
employed by Tronox made use of the leaves and other unwanted 
parts of the cane plants to protect the bare soil from erosion during 
heavy rains. This alternative use of the trashed waste material  
is beneficial as it recycles the nutrients and improves the soil for  
future crops.

b o e l a   b e k k e r ,  a rehabilitation specialist and farmer, in the cane fields at 
the rehabilitated Hillendale mine site.

“The cane cutters were blown away at the size and extent of the 
harvest,” said Boela Bekker, rehabilitation specialist at Hillendale. 
“Some areas are yielding close to 150 metric tons per hectare, which 
is the equivalent of irrigated sugar fields in the highly productive 
nearby areas of KwaZulu Natal.”

Building on this success, the rehabilitation department planted a 

further 500 metric tons of commercial sugarcane in 2013, putting 
the total area growing cane at year-end 2013 at 54 hectares (134 
acres). Seven hundred tons of disease-free commercial seed cane is 
expected to be sourced from local farmers to restock parts of the 
Hillendale rehabilitated areas.

441446.Pg.14-15.cs5.indd   15

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2013 Annual Report  15

Tronox Values

W e   a r e   b u i l d i n g   a   l a s t i n g   f o u n d a t i o n   f o r   g r o W t h   a r o u n d   a   s e t   o f   s i x   c o r e   v a l u e s  –  
Health & Safety, Responsibility, People, Teamwork, Customers, and Results – that define our approach to doing business.  
Our leadership team and our roughly 3,400 global employees dedicate tremendous time and resources to living,  
communicating and reinforcing these values throughout the business.

Health & Safety

W e   W o r k   s a f e ly   —   a l l   t h e   t i m e

We believe passionately that everyone at Tronox 
should experience a safe and healthy workplace. 
We proactively identify and manage risk, conduct 
ourselves responsibly, exercise good judgment and 
take responsibility for our actions.

Teamwork

W e   W i l l   W i n   —   a s   a   t e a m

We collaborate effectively, communicate openly, 
engage honestly, treat others respectfully, and 
make informed decisions.

Responsibility

Customers

W e   c a r e   f o r   o u r   e n v i r o n m e n t   a n d   

i t   r e a l ly   i s   a l l   a b o u t   t h e   c u s t o m e r

o u r   c o m m u n i t i e s

We are responsible citizens, as a company and as 
individuals. We are stewards of our environment 
and active in our communities.

Our collective purpose is to create and sell 
differentiated and competitive products and 
services, and to make it easy for our customers –  
internal and external – to do business with us.

People

Results

2

1

P e o P l e   a r e   o u r   m o s t   i m P o r t a n t 

W e   m e a s u r e ,   o W n   a n d   d e l i v e r   r e s u l t s

r e s o u r c e

We create opportunities for development and act 
intentionally to create a diverse and supportive 
work environment. Each of us is committed to 
personal growth and development, embraces 
change, and learns from our successes and mistakes 
in order to create a high-performance culture.

We encourage creativity and measure results.  
We set clearly defined and challenging objectives; 
we own those objectives, and we deliver results, 
with a relentless focus on operational excellence. 
We innovate our processes to continuously deliver 
better results.

16  Tronox Limited

441446.Edt.cs5.indd   16

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Tronox Financials

t r o n o x   l i m i t e d
(All monetary units in this report are in millions of US$ unless otherwise noted)

t a b l e   o f   c o n t e n t s

Consolidated Statements of Operations 

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) 

Consolidated Balance Sheets  

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows  

Consolidated Statements of Equity 

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements  

Share Price Performance Graph 

Management’s Report on Internal Controls Over  
Financial Reporting  

Independent Auditors’ Reports  

Board of Directors and Executive Management  

Shareholder Information  

18

19

20

21

22

24

57

58 

59 

61

62

441446.Fin.cs5.indd   17

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2013 Annual Report  17

Consolidated Statements of Operations

(Millions of U.S. dollars, except share and per share data) 

n et   sales 
Cost of goods sold 

G ross P rofit 
Selling, general and administrative expenses 
Litigation/arbitration settlement 
Environmental remediation and restoration reimbursements, net 

in com e  from  o P e r ations 
Interest and debt expense 
Gain on bargain purchase 
Reorganization income 
Other income (expense) 

in com e  ( loss)  before  income   tax e s 
Income tax benefit (provision) 

n et   i n com e  ( loss) 
Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest 

Successor 

Year Ended 
December 31, 
2013 

Year Ended 
December 31, 
2012 

Eleven Months 
Ended 
December 31, 
2011 

Predecessor

One Month 
Ended 
December 31, 
2011

$  1,922 
 1,732 

$ 1,832 
 1,568 

$ 1,543 
 1,104 

$  108
83

190 
  (187) 
  — 
  — 

3 
  (130) 
  — 
  — 
66 

(61) 
(29) 

(90) 
36 

  264 
  (239) 
  — 
  — 

25 
(65) 
 1,055 
  — 
(7) 

 1,008 
  125 

 1,133 
(1) 

  439 
  (152) 
10 
5 

  302 
(30) 
  — 
  — 
(10) 

  262 
(20) 

  242 
  — 

25
(5)
  —
  —

20
(3)
  —
  613
2

  632
(1)

  631
  —

Net Income (Loss) attributable to Tronox Limited 

$  (126) 

$ 1,134 

$  242 

$  631

earn i n Gs  ( loss)  Pe r sha re ,  basic  a nd  d ilute d: (1)
Basic 

Diluted 

$ 

(1.11) 

$ 11.37 

$  3.22 

$ 

(1.11) 

$ 11.10 

$  3.10 

$ 15.28

$ 15.25

Wei Gh ted  av e r aGe  sha re s  o utsta ndinG ( in  thousands):
Basic 
Diluted 

113,416 
113,416 

  98,985 
 101,406 

  74,905 
  78,095 

  41,311
  41,399

(1)  On June 26, 2012, the Board of Directors of Tronox Limited approved a 5-to-1 share split for holders of Class A ordinary shares and Class B ordinary shares at the close of business on July 20, 
2012, by issuance of four additional shares for each share of the same class by way of bonus issue. All references to number of shares and per share data in the Successor’s consolidated financial 
statements have been adjusted to reflect the share split, unless otherwise noted. See Note 19 for additional information regarding the share split.

See notes to consolidated financial statements.

18  Tronox Limited

441446.Fin.cs5.indd   18

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Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive 
Income (Loss)

(Millions of U.S. dollars) 

net   i n co me ( loss) 
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss):
  Foreign currency translation adjustments 
  Retirement and postretirement plans:
    Actuarial gains (losses), net of taxes of $1 million in 2013,  
      $7 million in 2012 and $2 million in 2011 
    Amortization of unrecognized actuarial losses, net of taxes of  
      less than $1 million in 2013 
    Prior service credit, net of taxes of $1 million in 2013 
    Amortization of prior service credit, net of taxes of less than  
      $1 million in 2011 

o t her c om Pre hensive  l oss 

to ta l comPre he nsive   income  (loss) 
c om P reh ens ive   inco me  ( lo ss )  a ttributable to   
n on con tr ollin G  inte res t:
Net income (loss) 
Foreign currency translation adjustments 

Comprehensive loss attributable to noncontrolling interest 

com P reh e nsive  income  (loss)  attributa ble to tronox limited 

See notes to consolidated financial statements.

Successor 

Year Ended 
December 31, 
2013 

Year Ended 
December 31, 
2012 

Eleven Months 
Ended 
December 31, 
2011 

Predecessor

One Month 
Ended 
December 31, 
2011

$  (90) 

$ 1,133 

 (289) 

11 

  25 

(48) 

2 
3 

  — 

 (259) 

$ (349) 

  36 
  (70) 

  (34) 

$ (315) 

  — 
  — 

  — 

(37) 

$ 1,096 

(1) 
1 

  — 

$ 1,096 

$ 242 

  (6) 

 (51) 

  — 
  — 

  — 

 (57) 

$ 185 

  — 
  — 

  — 

$ 185 

$ 631

  1

  —

  —
  —

  (1)

  —

$ 631

  —
  —

  —

$ 631

441446.Fin.cs5.indd   19

3/28/14   4:46 PM

2013 Annual Report  19

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated Balance Sheets

(Millions of U.S. dollars, except share and per share data) 
December 31, 

assets

c urren t  asse ts
  Cash and cash equivalents 
  Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts 
  Inventories 
  Prepaid and other assets 
  Deferred tax assets 

    t o tal  cu rrent  assets 
nonc ur rent   assets
  Property, plant and equipment, net 
  Mineral leaseholds, net 
  Intangible assets, net 
  Long-term deferred tax assets 
  Other long-term assets, net 

    to ta l ass ets 

liab i litie s   and   e Q uit Y

c urren t  lia bilitie s
  Accounts payable 
  Accrued liabilities 
  Short-term debt 
  Long-term debt due within one year 
  Income taxes payable 
  Deferred tax liabilities 

    to ta l curre nt liabilities 
n on current  liabilitie s
  Long-term debt 
  Pension and postretirement healthcare benefits 
  Asset retirement obligations 
  Long-term deferred tax liabilities 
  Other long-term liabilities 

  to tal lia bilitie s 

continGencies and commitments

shareholders’ eQuitY
Tronox Limited Class A ordinary shares, par value $0.01 – 64,046,647 shares issued and  
  62,349,618 shares outstanding at December 31, 2013 and 63,394,298 shares issued and  
  62,103,989 shares outstanding at December 31, 2012 
Tronox Limited Class B ordinary shares, par value $0.01 – 51,154,280 shares issued and outstanding  
  at December 31, 2013 and 2012 
Capital in excess of par value 
Retained earnings 
Accumulated other comprehensive loss 

  to tal s h are ho ld ers’  e QuitY 

Noncontrolling interest 

  to tal eQuitY 

  to tal lia b il ities  a nd  e Q uitY 

See notes to consolidated financial statements.

20  Tronox Limited

2013 

2012

$  1,478 
  308 
  759 
61 
47 

 2,653 

  1,258 
  1,216 
  300 
192 
80 

$  716
  391
  914
38
  114

 2,173

 1,423
 1,439
  326
91
59

$ 5,699 

$ 5,511

$ 

164 
146 
  — 
18 
28 
7 

  363 

 2,395 
148 
90 
  204 
62 

 3,262 

1 

  — 
  1,448 
  1,073 
  (284) 

 2,238 
199 

 2,437 

$  189
  209
30
10
24
5

  467

 1,605
  176
  106
  222
53

 2,629

1

  —
 1,429
 1,314
(95)

 2,649
  233

 2,882

$ 5,699 

$ 5,511

441446.Fin.cs5.indd   20

3/28/14   4:46 PM

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows

(Millions of U.S. dollars) 

c as h   flo Ws  fro m  o P e ratin G  a ctivities :
Net income (loss) 
  Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided  
    by (used in) operating activities:
      Depreciation, depletion and amortization 
      Deferred income taxes 
      Share-based compensation expense 
      Amortization of deferred debt issuance costs and discount  on debt 
      Pension and postretirement healthcare benefit expense 
      Gain on bargain purchase 
      Other noncash items affecting net income (loss) 
Reorganization items:
      Noncash reorganization items 
      Cash paid for reorganization items 
      Environmental and tort settlement funding 
Contributions to employee pension and postretirement plans 
Changes in assets and liabilities (net of effects of acquisition):
      (Increase) decrease in accounts receivable 
      (Increase) decrease in inventories 
      (Increase) decrease in prepaid and other assets 
      Increase (decrease) in accounts payable and accrued liabilities 
      Increase (decrease) in taxes payable 
      Other, net 
      Cash provided by (used in) operating activities 

cash floWs from investinG activities:
Capital expenditures 
Proceeds from the sale of assets 
Net cash received in acquisition of minerals sands business 
Cash used in investing activities 

cash floWs from financinG activities:
Repayments of debt 
Proceeds from borrowings 
Debt issuance costs and commitment fees 
Dividends paid 
Proceeds from the exercise of warrants and options 
Merger consideration 
Class A ordinary share repurchases 
Class A ordinary shares purchased for the Employee  Participation Plan 
Proceeds from rights offering 
Cash provided by (used in) financing activities 

effec ts  of  e xc ha n G e  r ate   cha nGe s  on cash and   
  cas h  eQuivale nts 

n et   i n cre as e ( de cre as e)  in  cash  a nd  cash  eQuivalents 
ca sh  an d cash  e Quiva le nts at  beGinnin G of  Period 

ca sh  an d cash  e Quiva le nts at  e nd  of  Pe riod 

suP Plem ental  cash   floW  info rmatio n:
Interest paid 

Income taxes paid 

See notes to consolidated financial statements.

Successor 

Year Ended 
December 31, 
2013 

Year Ended 
December 31, 
2012 

Eleven Months 
Ended 
December 31, 
2011 

Predecessor

One Month 
Ended 
January 31, 
2011

$ 

(90) 

$  1,133 

$  242 

$  631

  333 
33 
17 
9 
9 
  — 
(57) 

  — 
  — 
  — 
(6) 

58 
75 
(17) 
(11) 
(25) 
9 
  337 

  (172) 
1 
  — 
(171) 

  (189) 
  945 
(29) 
(115) 
2 
  — 
  — 
  — 
  — 
  614 

211 
(162) 
32 
10 
6 
  (1,055) 
201 

  — 
  — 
  — 
(31) 

83 
(222) 
16 
(107) 
2 
1 
118 

(166) 
  — 
114 
(52) 

(585) 
  1,707 
(38) 
(61) 
1 
(193) 
(326) 
(15) 
  — 
490 

(18) 

  762 
  716 

$  1,478 

$ 

$ 

123 

25 

6 

562 
154 

716 

34 

26 

$ 

$ 

$ 

79 
4 
14 
1 
5 
  — 
(7) 

  — 
  — 
  — 
(8) 

(58) 
(64) 
28 
(28) 
26 
29 
  263 

  (133) 
1 
  — 
  (132) 

(45) 
14 
(5) 
  — 
1 
  — 
  — 
  — 
  — 
(35) 

(3) 

93 
61 

$  154 

$ 

$ 

29 

8 

4
1
  —
  —
  —
  —
  —

  (637)
(31)
  (286)
  —

(10)
(15)
  36
  24
  —
  —
  (283)

(6)
  —
  —
(6)

  —
  25
(2)
  —
  —
  —
  —
  —
  185
  208

  —

(81)
  142

$  61

$ 

3

$  —

2013 Annual Report  21

441446.Fin.cs5.indd   21

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Consolidated Statements of Equity

(Millions of U.S. dollars) 

suc cessor: bal a nc e  at  fe brua rY  1,  2 011 
Net income 
Other comprehensive loss 
Share-based compensation 
Shares withheld for claims 
Warrants exercised 

suc cessor: bal a nc e  at  de ce mbe r  31, 2 011 
Fair Value of noncontrolling interest 
  on Transaction Date 
Net income (loss) 
Other comprehensive income (loss) 
Merger consideration paid 
Issuance of Tronox Limited shares 
Shares-based compensation 
Shares purchased for the Employee  
  Participation Plan 
Issuance of Tronox Limited shares in share-split 
Class A and Class B share dividends declared 
Tronox Limited Class A shares repurchased 
Warrants exercised 
Tronox Incorporated share-based compensation 
Tronox Incorporated common shares  
  vested/canceled 

suc cessor: bal a nc e  at  de ce mbe r  31, 2 012 
Net income (loss) 
Other comprehensive loss 
Shares-based compensation 
Class A and Class B share dividends declared 
Warrants and options exercised 

suc cessor: bal a nc e  at  de ce mbe r  31, 2 013 

Tronox  
Limited Class A 
Ordinary Shares 

Tronox 
Limited Class B 
Ordinary Shares 

Tronox 
Incorporated 
Shares 

Capital in Excess 
of par Value 

Retained Earnings 

Treasury Shares 

Shareholders’ Equity 

Accumulated Other 

Comprehensive Loss 

Non-controlling 

Interest 

$ — 
 — 
 — 
 — 
 — 
 — 

$ — 

 — 
 — 
 — 
 — 
 — 
 — 

 — 
  1 
 — 
 — 
 — 
 — 

 — 

$  1 
 — 
 — 
 — 
 — 
 — 

$  1 

$ — 
 — 
 — 
 — 
 — 
 — 

$ — 

 — 
 — 
 — 
 — 
 — 
 — 

 — 
 — 
 — 
 — 
 — 
 — 

 — 

$ — 
 — 
 — 
 — 
 — 
 — 

$  — 

$ — 
 — 
 — 
 — 
 — 
 — 

$ — 

 — 
 — 
 — 
 — 
 — 
 — 

 — 
 — 
 — 
 — 
 — 
 — 

 — 

$ — 
 — 
 — 
 — 
 — 
 — 

$  — 

$  564 
  — 
  — 
14 
  — 
1 

$  579 

  — 
  — 
  — 
  (193) 
 1,370 
5 

(15) 
  — 
  — 
  (326) 
1 
27 

(19) 

$ 1,429 
  — 
  — 
17 
  — 
2 

$ 1,448 

Tronox  
Class A 
Common Shares 

Tronox 
Class B 
Common Shares 

Capital in Excess 
of par Value 

Retained Earnings 

Accumulated 

Other Comprehensive 

Income (Loss) 

Treasury Shares 

Shareholders’ Equity

P red ec essor:   ba l an ce  at Jan uarY  1,  2 011 
Net income 
Fresh-start reporting adjustments:
  Elimination of predecessor shares, 
    capital in excess of par value, 
    and accumulated deficit 
  Issuance of new shares 

P red ec essor:   ba l an ce  at Jan uarY  3 1, 2 011 

See notes to consolidated financial statements.

$ — 
 — 

 — 
 — 

$ — 

22  Tronox Limited

$ — 
 — 

 — 
 — 

$ — 

$  496 
  — 

 (496) 
  564 

$  564 

$ (1,128) 
  631 

  497 
  — 

$  — 

441446.Fin.cs5.indd   22

3/28/14   4:46 PM

Total 

$  564 

  242 

(57) 

9 

(7) 

1 

$  752 

  — 

 1,134 

(38) 

  (193) 

 1,370 

5 

(15) 

  — 

(61) 

  (326) 

1 

20 

  — 

$ 2,649 

  (126) 

  (189) 

  (115) 

17 

2 

$ 2,238 

$  — 

  — 

  — 

  — 

  — 

  — 

$  — 

 233 

  (1) 

  1 

  — 

  — 

  — 

  — 

  — 

  — 

  — 

  — 

  — 

  — 

$ 233 

  36 

 (70) 

  — 

  — 

  — 

$ 199 

Total Equity

$  564

  242

(57)

(7)

9

1

$  752

  233

 1,133

(37)

  (193)

 1,370

5

(15)

  —

(61)

  (326)

1

20

  —

$ 2,882

(90)

  (259)

  (115)

17

2

$ 2,437

$  — 

  242 

  — 

  — 

  — 

  — 

$  242 

  — 

 1,134 

  — 

  — 

  — 

  — 

  — 

(1) 

(61) 

  — 

  — 

  — 

  — 

$ 1,314 

  (126) 

  — 

  — 

  (115) 

  — 

$ 1,073 

$ 

9 

  — 

(9) 

  — 

$  — 

$  — 

  — 

  (57) 

  — 

  — 

  — 

$  (57) 

  — 

  — 

  (38) 

  — 

  — 

  — 

  — 

  — 

  — 

  — 

  — 

  — 

  — 

$  (95) 

  — 

 (189) 

  — 

  — 

  — 

$ (284) 

$ 

(7) 

  — 

7 

  — 

$  — 

$ — 

 — 

 — 

  (5) 

  (7) 

 — 

$ (12) 

 — 

 — 

 — 

 — 

 — 

 — 

 — 

 — 

 — 

 — 

 — 

  (7) 

 19 

$ — 

 — 

 — 

 — 

 — 

 — 

$  — 

Total 

$ (630)

  631

(1)

  564

$  564

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
successor: b al ance at februar Y 1, 2011  

(Millions of U.S. dollars) 

Net income 

Other comprehensive loss 

Share-based compensation 

Shares withheld for claims 

Warrants exercised 

successor: b al ance at decemb er 31, 2011  

Fair Value of noncontrolling interest 

  on Transaction Date 

Net income (loss) 

Other comprehensive income (loss) 

Merger consideration paid 

Issuance of Tronox Limited shares 

Shares-based compensation 

Shares purchased for the Employee  

  Participation Plan 

Issuance of Tronox Limited shares in share-split 

Class A and Class B share dividends declared 

Tronox Limited Class A shares repurchased 

Warrants exercised 

Tronox Incorporated share-based compensation 

Tronox Incorporated common shares  

  vested/canceled 

successor: b al ance at decemb er 31, 2012  

Net income (loss) 

Other comprehensive loss 

Shares-based compensation 

Class A and Class B share dividends declared 

Warrants and options exercised 

successor: b al ance at decemb er 31, 2013  

Predecessor: b al ance at JanuarY 1, 2011  

Net income 

Fresh-start reporting adjustments:

  Elimination of predecessor shares, 

    capital in excess of par value, 

    and accumulated deficit 

  Issuance of new shares 

Predecessor: b al ance at JanuarY 31, 2011  

See notes to consolidated financial statements.

$ — 

 — 

 — 

 — 

 — 

 — 

$ — 

 — 

 — 

 — 

 — 

 — 

 — 

 — 

  1 

 — 

 — 

 — 

 — 

 — 

$  1 

 — 

 — 

 — 

 — 

 — 

$  1 

Tronox  

Class A 

$ — 

 — 

 — 

 — 

$ — 

$ — 

 — 

 — 

 — 

 — 

 — 

$ — 

 — 

 — 

 — 

 — 

 — 

 — 

 — 

 — 

 — 

 — 

 — 

 — 

 — 

$ — 

 — 

 — 

 — 

 — 

 — 

$  — 

Tronox 

Class B 

$ — 

 — 

 — 

 — 

$ — 

$ — 

 — 

 — 

 — 

 — 

 — 

$ — 

 — 

 — 

 — 

 — 

 — 

 — 

 — 

 — 

 — 

 — 

 — 

 — 

 — 

$ — 

 — 

 — 

 — 

 — 

 — 

$  — 

$  496 

  — 

 (496) 

  564 

$  564 

$  564 

  — 

  — 

14 

  — 

1 

$  579 

  — 

  — 

  — 

  (193) 

 1,370 

5 

(15) 

  — 

  — 

  (326) 

1 

27 

(19) 

$ 1,429 

  — 

  — 

17 

  — 

2 

$ 1,448 

$ (1,128) 

  631 

  497 

  — 

$  — 

Tronox  

Limited Class A 

Ordinary Shares 

Tronox 

Limited Class B 

Ordinary Shares 

Tronox 

Incorporated 

Shares 

Capital in Excess 

of par Value 

Retained Earnings 

Accumulated Other 
Comprehensive Loss 

Treasury Shares 

Total 
Shareholders’ Equity 

Non-controlling 
Interest 

Total Equity

$  — 
  242 
  — 
  — 
  — 
  — 

$  242 

  — 
 1,134 
  — 
  — 
  — 
  — 

  — 
(1) 
(61) 
  — 
  — 
  — 

  — 

$ 1,314 
  (126) 
  — 
  — 
  (115) 
  — 

$ 1,073 

$  — 
  — 
  (57) 
  — 
  — 
  — 

$  (57) 

  — 
  — 
  (38) 
  — 
  — 
  — 

  — 
  — 
  — 
  — 
  — 
  — 

  — 

$  (95) 
  — 
 (189) 
  — 
  — 
  — 

$ (284) 

$ — 
 — 
 — 
  (5) 
  (7) 
 — 

$ (12) 

 — 
 — 
 — 
 — 
 — 
 — 

 — 
 — 
 — 
 — 
 — 
  (7) 

 19 

$ — 
 — 
 — 
 — 
 — 
 — 

$  — 

$  564 
  242 
(57) 
9 
(7) 
1 

$  752 

  — 
 1,134 
(38) 
  (193) 
 1,370 
5 

(15) 
  — 
(61) 
  (326) 
1 
20 

  — 

$ 2,649 
  (126) 
  (189) 
17 
  (115) 
2 

$ 2,238 

$  — 
  — 
  — 
  — 
  — 
  — 

$  — 

 233 
  (1) 
  1 
  — 
  — 
  — 

  — 
  — 
  — 
  — 
  — 
  — 

  — 

$ 233 
  36 
 (70) 
  — 
  — 
  — 

$ 199 

$  564
  242
(57)
9
(7)
1

$  752

  233
 1,133
(37)
  (193)
 1,370
5

(15)
  —
(61)
  (326)
1
20

  —

$ 2,882
(90)
  (259)
17
  (115)
2

$ 2,437

Common Shares 

Common Shares 

Retained Earnings 

Capital in Excess 

of par Value 

Accumulated 
Other Comprehensive 
Income (Loss) 

Treasury Shares 

Total 
Shareholders’ Equity

$ 
9 
  — 

(9) 
  — 

$  — 

$ 
(7) 
  — 

7 
  — 

$  — 

$ (630)
  631

(1)
  564

$  564

441446.Fin.cs5.indd   23

3/28/14   4:46 PM

2013 Annual Report  23

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

t r o n o x   l i m i t e d
(Millions of U.S. dollars, except share, per share and metric tons data or unless otherwise noted)

1 .   t h e   c o m P a n Y

Tronox Limited and its subsidiaries (collectively referred to  
as “Tronox,” “we,” “us,” or “our”) is a public limited company 
registered under the laws of the State of Western Australia, 
Australia. We are a global leader in the production and marketing  
of titanium bearing mineral sands and titanium dioxide pigment 
(“TiO2”). We have global operations in North America, Europe, 
South Africa, and Australia. We operate three TiO2 facilities at the 
following locations: Hamilton, Mississippi; Botlek, the Netherlands; 
and Kwinana, Western Australia, and we operate three separate 
mining operations: KwaZulu-Natal (“KZN”) Sands and Namakwa 
Sands both located in South Africa, and Cooljarloo located in 
Western Australia.

Tronox Limited was formed on September 21, 2011 for the 
purpose of the Transaction (defined below). Prior to the completion 
of the Transaction, Tronox Limited was wholly owned by Tronox 
Incorporated, and had no operating assets or operations. On 
September 25, 2011, Tronox Incorporated, a Delaware corporation 
formed on May 17, 2005 (“Tronox Incorporated”), entered into a 
definitive agreement (as amended, the “Transaction Agreement”) 
with Exxaro Resources Limited (“Exxaro”) and certain of its 
affiliated companies, to acquire 74% of Exxaro’s mineral sands 
operations, along with its 50% share of the Tiwest Joint Venture 
(the “Transaction”). On June 15, 2012, the date of the Transaction 
(the “Transaction Date”), the existing business of Tronox 
Incorporated was combined with the mineral sands business in an 
integrated series of transactions whereby Tronox Limited became  
the parent company in a tax inversion transaction.

Under the terms of the Transaction Agreement, Exxaro agreed 
that for a three-year period after the completion of the Transaction, 
it would not engage in any transaction or other action, that would 
result in its beneficial ownership of the voting shares of Tronox 
Limited exceeding 45% of the total issued shares of Tronox Limited. 
At December 31, 2013, Exxaro held approximately 44.4% of the 
voting securities of Tronox Limited.

2 .   b a s i s   o f   P r e s e n t a t i o n

We are considered a domestic company in Australia and, as such,  
are required to report in Australia under International Financial 
Reporting Standards (“IFRS”). Additionally, as we are not consid-
ered a “foreign private issuer” in the United States, we are required 
to comply with the reporting and other requirements imposed  
by the U.S. securities law on U.S. domestic issuers, which, among 
other things, requires reporting under accounting principles 
generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”). 
The consolidated financial statements included in this Form 10-k 
are prepared in conformity with U.S. GAAP. We publish our 
consolidated financial statements, in both U.S. GAAP and IFRS,  
in U.S. dollars.

24  Tronox Limited

The Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2013 and 
2012 relate to Tronox Limited. The Consolidated Statement of 
Operations and the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows for the 
year ended December 31, 2013 reflect the consolidated operating 
results of Tronox Limited. The Consolidated Statement of 
Operations and the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows for the 
year ended December 31, 2012 reflect the consolidated operating 
results of Tronox Incorporated prior to June 15, 2012, and, from 
June 15, 2012 through December 31, 2012, reflect the consolidated 
operating results of Tronox Limited. The Consolidated Statements  
of Operations and the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the 
eleven months ended December 31, 2011 and one month ended 
January 31, 2011 reflect the consolidated operating results of Tronox 
Incorporated.

Prior to the Transaction Date, Tronox Incorporated operated the 

Tiwest Joint Venture, located in Western Australia, with Exxaro 
Australia Sands Pty Ltd. Tronox Incorporated accounted for its share 
of the joint venture’s assets that were jointly controlled and its share 
of liabilities for which it was jointly responsible on a proportionate 
gross basis in its Consolidated Balance Sheet. Additionally, Tronox 
Incorporated accounted for the revenues generated from its share of 
the products sold, along with its share of the expenses on a gross 
basis in its Consolidated Statements of Operations through June 15, 
2012. As of the Transaction Date, we own 100% of the joint venture 
(the “Western Australia operations”).

In connection with its emergence from bankruptcy, Tronox 
Incorporated applied fresh-start accounting under Accounting 
Standards Codification (“ASC”) 852, Reorganizations (“ASC 852”)  
as of January 31, 2011. Accordingly, the financial information of 
Tronox Incorporated set forth in this Form 10-k, unless otherwise 
expressly set forth or as the context otherwise indicates, reflects  
the consolidated results of operations and financial condition on a 
fresh-start basis for the period beginning February 1, 2011 
(“Successor”), and on a historical basis for the period through 
January 31, 2011 (“Predecessor”). All references to 2011 refer to  
the combined twelve month period ended December 31, 2011, 
which includes the Successor period and the Predecessor period, 
unless otherwise indicated.

On June 26, 2012, the Board of Directors of Tronox Limited  
(the “Board”) approved a 5-to-1 share split for holders of Class A 
ordinary shares (“Class A Shares”) and Class B ordinary shares (“Class 
B Shares”) at the close of business on July 20, 2012, by issuance  
of four additional shares for each share of the same class by way of 
bonus issue. All references to number of shares and per share data in 
the Successor’s consolidated financial statements have been adjusted 
to reflect the share split, unless otherwise noted. See Note 19.
In management’s opinion, the accompanying consolidated 

financial statements reflect all adjustments considered necessary for  
a fair presentation. Our consolidated financial statements include the 
accounts of all majority-owned subsidiary companies. All intercom-
pany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. 
Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to 
the manner and presentation in the current period. Such reclassifica-
tions did not have an impact on our net income or consolidated 
results of operations.

441446.Fin.cs5.indd   24

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The preparation of financial statements in conformity with  
U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assump-
tions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities,  
the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the 
financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and 
expenses during the reporting periods. It is at least reasonably 
possible that the effect on the financial statements of a change in 
estimate within one year of the date of the financial statements  
due to one or more future confirming events could have a material 
effect on the financial statements.

3 .   s i G n i f i c a n t   a c c o u n t i n G   P o l i c i e s

f o r e i G n   c u r r e n c Y
The U.S. dollar is the functional currency for our operations, except 
for our South African operations, whose functional currency is the 
rand, and our European operations, whose functional currency is  
the euro. We determine the functional currency of each subsidiary  
based on a number of factors, including the predominant currency 
for revenues, expenditures and borrowings. Adjustments from  
the remeasurement of non-functional currency monetary assets  
and liabilities are recorded in “Other income (expense)” on the 
Consolidated Statements of Operations. When the subsidiary’s 
functional currency is not the U.S. dollar, translation adjustments 
resulting from translating the functional currency financial 
statements into U.S. dollar equivalents are recorded in 
“Accumulated other comprehensive loss” on the Consolidated 
Balance Sheets.

Gains and losses on intercompany foreign currency transactions 

that are not expected to be settled in the foreseeable future are 
reported in the same manner as translation adjustments.

r e v e n u e   r e c o G n i t i o n
Revenue is recognized when risk of loss and title to the product is 
transferred to the customer, pricing is fixed or determinable, and 
collection is reasonably assured. All amounts billed to a customer  
in a sales transaction related to shipping and handling represent 
revenues earned and are reported as net sales. Accruals are made for 
sales returns and other allowances based on our historical experience.

c o s t   o f   G o o d s  s o l d
Cost of goods sold includes costs for purchasing, receiving,  
manufacturing, and distributing products, including raw materials, 
energy, labor, depreciation, shipping and handling, freight, 
warehousing, and other production costs.

r e s e a r c h   a n d   d e v e l o P m e n t
Research and development costs, which include salaries, building 
costs, utilities, administrative expenses, and allocations of corporate 
costs, were $10 million, $9 million, and $9 million during 2013, 
2012, and 2011, respectively, and were expensed as incurred.

s e l l i n G ,   G e n e r a l   a n d   a d m i n i s t r a t i v e   e x P e n s e s
Selling, general and administrative expenses include costs related  
to marketing, agent commissions, and legal and administrative 
functions such as corporate management, human resources, 
information technology, investor relations, accounting, treasury,  
and tax compliance.

i n c o m e   t a x e s
We use the asset and liability method of accounting for income 
taxes. The estimation of the amounts of income taxes involves the 
interpretation of complex tax laws and regulations and how foreign 
taxes affect domestic taxes, as well as the analysis of the realizability 
of deferred tax assets, tax audit findings, and uncertain tax positions.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on 

temporary differences between the financial reporting and tax bases 
of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates expected to apply to 
taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are 
expected to be recovered or settled. A valuation allowance is provided 
against a deferred tax asset when it is more likely than not that all  
or some portion of the deferred tax asset will not be realized. We 
periodically assess the likelihood that we will be able to recover our 
deferred tax assets, and reflect any changes in our estimates in the 
valuation allowance, with a corresponding adjustment to earnings or 
other comprehensive income (loss), as appropriate. All available 
positive and negative evidence is weighted to determine whether a 
valuation allowance should be recorded.

The amount of income taxes we pay is subject to ongoing audits 

by federal, state, and foreign tax authorities, which may result  
in proposed assessments. Our estimate for the potential outcome  
for any uncertain tax issue is highly judgmental. We assess our 
income tax positions, and record tax benefits for all years subject to 
examination based upon our evaluation of the facts, circumstances, 
and information available at the reporting date. For those tax 
positions for which it is more likely than not that a tax benefit will 
be sustained, we record the amount that has a greater than 50% 
likelihood of being realized upon settlement with a taxing authority 
that has full knowledge of all relevant information. Interest and 
penalties are accrued as part of tax expense, where applicable. If we 
do not believe that it is more likely than not that a tax benefit will 
be sustained, no tax benefit is recognized. See Note 6.

2013 Annual Report  25

441446.Fin.cs5.indd   25

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

t r o n o x   l i m i t e d
(Millions of U.S. dollars, except share, per share and metric tons data or unless otherwise noted)

e a r n i n G s   P e r   s h a r e
Basic and diluted earnings per share are calculated using the 
two-class method. Under the two-class method, earnings used  
to determine basic earnings per share are reduced by an amount 
allocated to participating securities. Participating securities  
include restricted shares issued under the Tronox Management 
Equity Incentive Plan (see Note 21) and the T-Bucks Employee 
Participation Plan (see Note 21), both of which contain non- 
forfeitable dividend rights. Our unexercised options, unexercised 
Series A and Series B Warrants (see Note 19), and unvested 
restricted share units do not contain non-forfeitable rights to 
dividends and, as such, are not considered in the calculation of basic 
earnings per share. Our unvested restricted shares do not have a 
contractual obligation to share in losses; therefore, when we record  
a net loss, none of the loss is allocated to participating securities. 
Consequently, in periods of net loss, the two-class method does not 
have an effect on basic loss per share.

Diluted earnings per share is calculated by dividing net earnings 

allocable to ordinary shares by the weighted-average number of 
ordinary shares outstanding for the period, as adjusted for the 
potential dilutive effect of non-participating restricted share units, 
options, and Series A and Series B Warrants. The options and Series 
A and Series B Warrants are included in the calculation of diluted 
earnings per ordinary share utilizing the treasury stock method.  
See Note 7.

f a i r   v a l u e   m e a s u r e m e n t
We measure fair value on a recurring basis utilizing valuation 
techniques that maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize 
the use of unobservable inputs, to the extent possible, and consider 
counterparty credit risk in our assessment of fair value. The fair 
value hierarchy is as follows:
•  l e v e l   1   —   Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets  

and liabilities;

•  l e v e l   2   —   Quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active 
markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets and liabilities 
in markets that are not active or other inputs that are observable  
or can be corroborated by observable market data; and,

•	 l e v e l   3   —   Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or  

no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the 
assets and liabilities.

See Note 8.

c a s h   a n d  c a s h   e Q u i v a l e n t s
We consider all investments with original maturities of three 
months or less to be cash equivalents. We maintain cash and cash 
equivalents in bank deposit and money market accounts that may 
exceed federally insured limits. The financial institutions where our 
cash and cash equivalents are held are generally highly rated and 
geographically dispersed, and we have a policy to limit the amount 
of credit exposure with any one institution. We have not experienced 
any losses in such accounts and believe we are not exposed  
to significant credit risk.

26  Tronox Limited

a c c o u n t s  r e c e i v a b l e
A significant portion of our liquidity is concentrated in trade 
accounts receivable that arise from sales of TiO2 and titanium 
feedstock to customers in the TiO2 industry. The industry concentra-
tion has the potential to impact our overall exposure to credit  
risk, either positively or negatively, in that our customers may be 
similarly affected by changes in economic, industry or other 
conditions. In addition, due to our international operations, we are 
subject to potential trade restrictions and sovereign risk in certain 
countries we operate in. We perform credit evaluations of our 
customers, and take actions deemed appropriate to mitigate credit 
risk. Only in certain specific occasions do we require collateral in  
the form of bank or parental guarantees or guarantee payments. We 
maintain allowances for potential credit losses based on historical 
experience resulting in monthly reserve positions relating to a 
percentage taken from the overall outstanding balances. See Note 9.

i n v e n t o r i e s
Pigment inventories are stated at the lower of actual cost or market, 
net of allowances for obsolete and slow-moving inventory. The  
cost of finished goods inventories is determined using the first-in, 
first-out method. Carrying values include material costs, labor, and 
associated indirect manufacturing expenses. Costs for materials and 
supplies, excluding ore, are determined by average cost to acquire. 
Raw materials are carried at actual cost. Mineral Sands inventories 
are stated at a weighted-average cost of production. We periodically 
review the cost of our inventory in comparison to its net realizable 
value. We also periodically review our inventory for obsolescence 
(inventory that is no longer marketable for its intended use).  
In either case, we record any write-down equal to the difference 
between the cost of inventory and its estimated net realizable value 
based on assumptions about alternative uses, market conditions  
and other factors. See Note 10.

l o n G - l i v e d   a s s e t s
Property, plant and equipment, net is stated at cost less accumulated 
depreciation, and is depreciated over its estimated useful life using 
the straight-line method as follows:

Land improvements 
Buildings 
Machinery and equipment 
Furniture and fixtures 

10 – 20 years
10 – 40 years
3 – 25 years
10 years

Maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred, except for  
costs of replacements or renewals that improve or extend the lives of 
existing properties, which are capitalized. Upon retirement or sale, 
the cost and related accumulated depreciation are removed from the 
respective account, and any resulting gain or loss is included in 
“Cost of goods sold” or “Selling, general, and administrative expenses” 
on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. See Note 11.

441446.Fin.cs5.indd   26

3/28/14   4:46 PM

We capitalize interest costs on major projects that require an 

extended period of time to complete. See Note 15.

Mineral property acquisition costs are capitalized as tangible 
assets when management determines that probable future benefits 
consisting of a contribution to future cash inflows have been 
identified and adequate financial resources are available or are 
expected to be available as required to meet the terms of property 
acquisition and anticipated exploration and development expendi-
tures. Mineral leaseholds are depleted over their useful lives as 
determined under the units of production method. Mineral property 
exploration costs are expensed as incurred. When it has been 
determined that a mineral property can be economically developed 
as a result of establishing proven and probable reserves, the costs 
incurred to develop such property through the commencement of 
production are capitalized. See Note 12.

Intangible assets are stated at cost less accumulated amortization, 
and are amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful 
lives, which range from 5 to 20 years. See Note 13.

We evaluate the recoverability of the carrying value of long-lived 
assets whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the 
carrying value may not be recoverable. Under such circumstances, 
we assess whether the projected undiscounted cash flows of our 
long-lived assets are sufficient to recover the existing unamortized 
cost of our long-lived assets. If the undiscounted projected cash 
flows are not sufficient, we calculate the impairment amount by 
discounting the projected cash flows using our weighted-average 
cost of capital. The amount of the impairment is written off against 
earnings in the period in which the impairment is determined.

l o n G - t e r m   d e b t
Long-term debt is stated net of unamortized original issue premium 
or discount. Premiums or discounts are amortized on the effective 
interest method with amortization expense recorded in “Interest  
and debt expense” on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. 
Deferred debt issuance costs are recorded in “Other long-term 
assets” on the Consolidated Balance Sheets, and are amortized on  
the effective interest method with amortization expense recorded  
in “Interest and debt expense” on the Consolidated Statements of 
Operations. See Note 15.

a s s e t  r e t i r e m e n t   o b l i G a t i o n s
Asset retirement obligations are recorded at their estimated fair 
value, and accretion expense is recognized over time as the dis-
counted liability is accreted to its expected settlement value. Fair 
value is measured using expected future cash outflows discounted at 
our credit-adjusted risk-free interest rate, which are considered Level 
2 inputs. We classify accretion expense related to asset retirement 
obligations as a production cost, which is included in “Cost of goods 
sold” on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. See Note 16.

d e r i v a t i v e   i n s t r u m e n t s
Derivative instruments are recorded in the Consolidated Balance 
Sheets at their fair values. Changes in the fair value of derivative 
instruments not designated for hedge accounting treatment  
are recorded in “Other income (expense)” on the Consolidated 
Statements of Operations. See Note 17.

e n v i r o n m e n t a l   r e m e d i a t i o n   a n d   o t h e r 

c o n t i n G e n c i e s
We recognize a loss and record an undiscounted liability when 
litigation has commenced or a claim or assessment has been asserted, 
or, based on available information, commencement of litigation  
or assertion of a claim or assessment is probable, and the associated 
costs can be reasonably estimated. See Note 18.

s e l f - i n s u r a n c e
We are self-insured for certain levels of general and vehicle liability, 
property, workers’ compensation and health care coverage. The cost 
of these self-insurance programs is accrued based upon estimated 
fully developed settlements for known and anticipated claims. Any 
resulting adjustments to previously recorded reserves are reflected in 
current operating results. We do not accrue for general or unspecific 
business risks.

s h a r e - b a s e d   c o m P e n s a t i o n

e Q u i t Y   r e s t r i c t e d   s h a r e   a n d   r e s t r i c t e d   s h a r e   u n i t 
a W a r d s   —   The fair value of equity instruments is measured  
based on the share price on the grant date and is recognized over  
the vesting period. These awards contain service, market, and/or 
performance conditions. For awards containing only a service or a 
market condition, we have elected to recognize compensation costs 
using the straight-line method over the requisite service period for 
the entire award. For awards containing a market condition, the fair 
value of the award is measured using the lattice model, otherwise 
the fair value is the grant date close price. For awards containing a 
performance condition, compensation expense is not recognized 
until we conclude that it is probable that the performance condition 
will be met. We reassess the probability quarterly. See Note 21.

l i a b i l i t Y   r e s t r i c t e d   s h a r e   a W a r d s   —   Restricted share 
awards classified as liability awards contain only a service condition, 
and have graded vesting provisions. Liability awards are re-measured 
to fair value at each reporting date. See Note 21.

o P t i o n   a W a r d s   —   The Black-Scholes option pricing model is 
utilized to measure the fair value of options on the grant date. The 
options contain only service conditions, and have graded vesting 
provisions. We have elected to recognize compensation costs using 
the straight-line method over the requisite service period for the 
entire award. See Note 21.

441446.Fin.cs5.indd   27

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2013 Annual Report  27

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

t r o n o x   l i m i t e d
(Millions of U.S. dollars, except share, per share and metric tons data or unless otherwise noted)

4 .   r e c e n t   a c c o u n t i n G   P r o n o u n c e m e n t s

6 .   i n c o m e   t a x e s

Our operations are conducted through various subsidiaries in a 
number of countries throughout the world. We have provided for 
income taxes based upon the tax laws and rates in the countries in 
which operations are conducted and income is earned. For the years 
ended December 31, 2013 and 2012, Tronox Limited was the public 
parent registered under the laws of the State of Western Australia. 
For the eleven months ended December 31, 2011 and one month 
ended January 31, 2011, Tronox Incorporated was the public parent, 
a Delaware corporation, registered in the United States.

Income (loss) before income taxes is comprised of the following:

Successor 

Predecessor

Year Ended 
December 
31, 2013 

Year Ended 
December 
31, 2012 

Eleven 
Months 
Ended 
December 
31, 2011 

$ (185) 
  (285) 
  409 

$ 1,019 
10 
(21) 

$  70 
  120 
  72 

One 
Month 
Ended 
January 
31, 2011

$ 107
  497
  28

$  (61) 

$ 1,008 

$ 262 

$ 632

Australia 
United States 
Other 
  Income (loss) before  
    income taxes 

The income tax benefit (provision) is summarized below:

Successor 

Predecessor

Year Ended 
December 
31, 2013 

Year Ended 
December 
31, 2012 

Eleven 
Months 
Ended 
December 
31, 2011 

One 
Month 
Ended 
January 
31, 2011

$  (11) 
  35 

Australian:
  Current 
  Deferred 
U.S. Federal & State:
  Current 
  Deferred 
Other:
  Current 
1 
  Deferred 
(31) 
Income tax benefit (provision)  $ (29) 

  (24) 
1 

$ (28) 
  124 

(9) 
  — 

  — 
  38 
$ 125 

$  (1) 
(4) 

  — 
  — 

  (14) 
(1) 
$ (20) 

$ —
  (1)

  —
  —

  —
  —
$ (1)

In March 2013, the Financial Accounting Standards Board  
(the “FASB”) issued accounting standards update (“ASU”) 2013-5, 
Parent’s Accounting for the Cumulative Translation Adjustment upon 
Derecognition of Certain Subsidiaries or Groups of Assets within a Foreign 
Entity or of an Investment in a Foreign Entity, which addresses the 
treatment of the cumulative translation adjustment into net income 
when a parent either sells or liquidates a part or all of its investment 
in a foreign entity or no longer holds a controlling financial  
interest in a subsidiary or group of assets within a foreign entity. 
This guidance is effective prospectively for periods beginning  
after December 15, 2013; however, early adoption is permitted.  
The adoption of this guidance is not anticipated to have a  
significant impact on our consolidated financial statements.

During 2013, we adopted ASU 2013-2, Reporting of Amounts 

Reclassified Out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income, which 
requires the presentation of the effects on the line items of net 
income of significant amounts reclassified out of accumulated other 
comprehensive income, if the item is required under U.S. GAAP  
to be reclassified to net income in its entirety in the same reporting 
period. The adoption of this guidance did not have a significant 
impact on our consolidated financial statements.

During 2013, we adopted ASU 2013-01, Clarifying the Scope of 
Disclosures about Offsetting Assets and Liabilities, to clarify previously 
issued guidance related to derivatives that are either offset or subject 
to an enforceable master netting arrangement or similar agreement. 
The adoption of this guidance did not have a significant impact on 
our consolidated financial statements.

5 .   o t h e r   i n c o m e   ( e x P e n s e )

Successor 

Predecessor

Year Ended 
December 
31, 2013 

Year Ended 
December 
31, 2012 

Eleven 
Months 
Ended 
December 
31, 2011 

One 
Month 
Ended 
January 
31, 2011

Net realized and  
  unrealized foreign  
  currency gains (losses) 
Net gain on liquidation of  
  non-operating subsidiaries(1) 
Interest income 
Loss on extinguishment  
  of debt 
Other 
    Total 

$ 39 

  24 
  8 

(4) 
(1) 
$ 66 

$  (8) 

$  (8) 

  — 
2 

  — 
(1) 
$  (7) 

  — 
1 

  — 
(3) 
$ (10) 

$  2

  —
  —

  —
  —
$  2

(1) During 2013, we completed the liquidation of two non-operating subsidiaries: 

Tronox (Luxembourg) Holdings S.a.r.l. and Tronox Luxembourg S.a.r.l for which  
we recognized a net noncash gain from the realization of cumulative translation 
adjustments.

28  Tronox Limited

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The following table reconciles the applicable statutory income 
tax rates to our effective income tax rates for “Income tax benefit 
(provision)” as reflected in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Net deferred tax assets (liabilities) at December 31, 2013 and 

2012 were comprised of the following:

December 31, 

2013 

2012

Successor 

Predecessor

Year Ended 
December 
31, 2013 

Year Ended 
December 
31, 2012 

Eleven 
Months 
Ended 
December 
31, 2011 

One 
Month 
Ended 
January 
31, 2011

  30% 

30% 

35%   

35%

191 
(10) 

(6) 
(1) 

(5) 
7 

  — 

(31) 

  — 

(7) 
(1) 
2 

  — 
(25) 
  — 

  — 
  — 

  — 
  — 

2 
(1) 

(6) 
2 

Statutory tax rate 
Increases (decreases)  
  resulting from:
    Tax rate differences 
    Disallowable expenditures 
    Gain on bargain purchase,  
      net of tax 
    Resetting of tax basis  
      to market value 
    Valuation allowances 
    Withholding taxes 
    Foreign interest  
      disallowance 
    Prior year accruals 
    Change in uncertain  
      tax positions 
    U.S. state income taxes 
    Permanent adjustment for  
      fresh-start, net of tax 
    Foreign exchange 
    AMT and other credits 
    Branch taxation 
    Other, net 
Effective tax rate 

  — 
  (259) 
(59) 

  — 
22 

6 
  — 

  — 
17 
8 
6 
  — 

(48%) 

  — 
  — 
  — 
  — 
2 
(12%) 

  — 
  — 
  — 
  — 
(1) 
8%   

(29)
—
—
—
(5)
0%

—
—

—

—
(1)
—

—
—

—
—

The application of business combination accounting in connec-
tion with the Transaction resulted in the remeasurement of deferred 
income taxes associated with recording the assets and liabilities  
of the acquired entities at fair value (see Note 26). As a result,  
we recorded deferred income taxes of $185 million.

Subsequent to the Transaction, certain subsidiaries re-domiciled 
in Australia. Because the Australian tax laws provide for a resetting 
of the tax basis of the business assets to market value, we recorded a 
tax benefit related to this market value basis adjustment. The overall 
tax benefit from this basis adjustment increase was partially offset  
by a valuation allowance. Because this basis change did not pertain 
to an entity acquired in the Transaction, this net tax benefit was 
recorded through tax expense and did not impact the gain on 
bargain purchase.

Upon emergence from bankruptcy in 2011, Tronox Incorporated 

experienced an ownership change. Another ownership change 
occurred during 2012, as a result of the Transaction. These owner-
ship changes resulted in a limitation under IRC Sections 382 and 
383 related to U.S. net operating losses. We do not expect that  
the application of these net limitations will have any material effect 
on our U.S. federal or state income tax liabilities.

Deferred tax assets:
Net operating loss and other carryforwards 
Property, plant and equipment 
Reserves for environmental remediation and restoration 
Obligations for pension and other employee benefits 
Investments 
Grantor trusts 
Inventory 
Interest 
Other accrued liabilities 
Unrealized foreign exchange losses 
Other 
Total deferred tax assets 
Valuation allowance associated with deferred tax assets 
Net deferred tax assets 
Deferred tax liabilities:
Property, plant and equipment 
Intangibles 
Inventory 
Unrealized foreign exchange gains 
Other 
Total deferred tax liabilities 
Net deferred tax asset (liability) 

Balance sheet classifications:
Deferred tax assets – current 
Deferred tax assets – long-term 
Deferred tax liabilities – current 
Deferred tax liabilities – long-term 
Net deferred tax asset (liability) 

$  659 
  293 
28 
72 
32 
100 
9 
  226 
20 
3 
13 
  1,455 
  (982) 
  473 

  (288) 
  (108) 
(19) 
(22) 
(8) 
  (445) 
$  28 

$  47 
192 
(7) 
  (204) 
$  28 

$  664
  197
31
79
31
  109
2
76
50
10
8
  1,257
(753)
  504

(386)
(110)
(22)
(3)
(5)
(526)
(22)

$ 

$  114
91
(5)
(222)
(22)

$ 

The net deferred tax assets (liabilities) reflected in the above table 

include deferred tax assets related to grantor trusts, which were 
established as Tronox Incorporated emerged from bankruptcy during 
2011. The balances relate to the assets contributed to such grantor 
trusts by Tronox Incorporated, and do not include estimates for  
tax benefits we may receive upon the resolution of the Anadarko 
Petroleum Corporation (“Anadarko”) litigation.

On December 12, 2013, the U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the 
Southern District of New York determined that the defendant, 
Anadarko, should be liable for damages in the range of $5 billion  
to $14 billion for fraudulent conveyance claims. Because the final 
damages to be awarded continue to be uncertain, we have not 
included the tax benefit we will receive when the grantor trusts 
receive the proceeds resulting from the resolution of the litigation. 
Once these benefits are determined and recognized, we expect  
them to be fully offset by valuation allowances. See Note 27.
During 2013 and 2012, the total change to the valuation 
allowance was an increase of $229 million and an increase of  
$192 million, respectively.

2013 Annual Report  29

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

t r o n o x   l i m i t e d
(Millions of U.S. dollars, except share, per share and metric tons data or unless otherwise noted)

The deferred tax assets generated by tax loss carryforwards have 
been partially offset by valuation allowances. The expiration of these 
carryforwards at December 31, 2013 is shown below. These 
expiration amounts are comprised of Australian, U.S. federal and 
state, and other jurisdictional losses.

Australia  U.S. Federal 

U.S. State 

Tax Loss 
  Carryforwards 
Total

Other 

$  — 
  — 
  — 
  — 
  — 
  306 

$  — 
  — 
  — 
  — 
  — 
 1,241 

$  — 
  — 
11 
  — 
6 
  1,431 

$  — 
  — 
  — 
  — 
  — 
  263 

$  —
  —
11
  —
6
  3,241

$ 306 

$ 1,241 

$ 1,448 

$ 263 

$ 3,258

2014  
2015  
2016  
2017  
2018  
Thereafter 
Total tax loss  
  carryforwards 

At December 31, 2013, Tronox Limited had foreign subsidiaries 

with undistributed earnings. Although we would not be subject  
to income tax on these earnings, amounts totaling approximately 
$83 million could be subject to withholding tax if distributed. 
Tronox Incorporated had certain foreign subsidiaries with undistrib-
uted earnings totaling approximately $148 million. We have made 
no provision for deferred taxes for either Tronox Limited or Tronox 
Incorporated related to these undistributed earnings because they  
are considered to be indefinitely reinvested outside of the parents’ 
taxing jurisdictions.

We continue to maintain a valuation allowance related to the  
net deferred tax assets in the United States, excluding the deferred 
benefit for the alternative minimum tax credit. Future provisions  
for income taxes will include no tax benefits with respect to losses 
incurred and tax expense only to the extent of state tax payments 
until the valuation allowance in the United States is eliminated.
A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amounts of 

unrecognized tax benefits for 2013 and 2012 is as follows:

December 31, 

Balance at January 1 
Additions for tax positions related to prior years 
Reductions for tax positions related to prior years 
Balance at December 31 

2013 

$  4 
  — 
  (3) 
$  1 

2012

$  2
  2
  —
$  4

Included in the balance at December 31, 2013 and 2012, were 
tax positions of $1 million and $1 million, respectively, for which 
the ultimate deductibility is highly certain, but for which there is 
uncertainty about the timing of such deductibility. The net benefit 
associated with less than $1 million and $3 million of the December 
31, 2013 and 2012 reserve, respectively, for unrecognized tax 
benefits, if recognized, would affect the effective income tax rate.
As a result of potential settlements, it is reasonably possible  
that our gross unrecognized tax benefits from timing differences 
may decrease within the next twelve months by $1 million.
During 2013, 2012, and 2011, we recognized less than  
$1 million, less than $1 million, and $(10) million, respectively,  
in gross interest and penalties in “Income tax benefit (provision)” on 
the Consolidated Statements of Operations. At December 31, 2013 
and 2012, we had no remaining accruals for the gross payment of 
interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits, and the 
noncurrent liability section of the Consolidated Balance Sheets 
reflected $1 million and $4 million, respectively, as the reserve for 
uncertain tax positions.

Our Australian returns are closed through 2008. However,  
under Australian tax laws, transfer pricing issues have no limitation 
period. Our U.S. returns are closed for years through 2009, with  
the exception of an amendment filed for the 2007 tax year. Our 
Netherlands returns are closed through 2005. Our Switzerland 
returns are closed through 2009. In accordance with the Transaction 
Agreement, we are not liable for income taxes of the acquired 
companies with respect to periods prior to the Transaction Date.
We believe that we have made adequate provision for income 
taxes that may be payable with respect to years open for examina-
tion; however, the ultimate outcome is not presently known and, 
accordingly, additional provisions may be necessary and/or  
reclassifications of noncurrent tax liabilities to current may occur  
in the future.

30  Tronox Limited

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7 .   e a r n i n G s   P e r   s h a r e

The computation of basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share for 
the periods indicated is as follows:

For the one month ended January 31, 2011, 1,152,408 options with 
an average exercise price of $9.54 were anti-dilutive because they 
were not “in the money.”

Successor 

Predecessor

Eleven 
Months 
Year Ended  Year Ended 
Ended 
December  December  December 
31, 2011 
31, 2012 
31, 2013 

One 
Month 
Ended 
January 
31, 2011

(90) 

36 

(126) 
— 
(126) 

100% 

$ 

n ume rator –   b as ic  and  diluted :
Net Income (loss) 
Net income (loss) attributable  
  to noncontrolling interest 
Net Income (Loss) attributable  
  to Tronox Limited 
Less: Dividends paid(2) 
Undistributed earnings (loss) 
Percentage allocated to  
  ordinary shares 
Undistributed earnings (loss)  
  allocated to ordinary shares 
Add: Dividends paid allocated  
  to ordinary shares(2) 
Earnings (loss) available  
  to ordinary shares 

$ 

$ 1,133 

$  242  $ 

631

(1) 

  — 

  1,134 
(61) 
  1,073 

242 
  — 
242 

—

631
—
631

  99.3%   

100%  

100%

(126) 

  1,065 

242 

— 

60 

  — 

631

—

8 .   f a i r   v a l u e   m e a s u r e m e n t

For financial instruments that are subsequently measured at fair 
value, the fair value measurement is grouped into levels. See Note 3 
for additional information regarding the Level 1, Level 2, and Level 
3 descriptions.

At December 31, 2013 and 2012, the only financial instrument 
measured at fair value was the environmental rehabilitation trust.  
At December 31, 2013 and 2012, the environmental rehabilitation 
trust of $22 million and $20 million, respectively, was categorized 
as Level 1. See Note 16 for additional information related to the 
environmental rehabilitation trust.

The carrying amounts for cash and cash equivalents, accounts 
receivable, other current assets, accounts payable, short-term debt, 
and other current liabilities approximate their fair value because  
of the short-term nature of these instruments. See Note 15 for 
additional information regarding the fair value of debt.

(126) 

$ 1,125 

$  242  $ 

631

9 .   a c c o u n t s  r e c e i v a b l e

Denominator – Basic:
Weighted-average ordinary  
  shares (in thousands) 

  113,416 

 98,985 

 74,905 

  41,311

add :  effec t o f  d ilutive   s e curitie s:
— 
  Restricted stock 
  Warrants 
— 
  Options 
— 
  113,416 
Denominator – Dilutive 

49 
  2,372 
  — 
 101,406 

275 
  2,895 
20 
 78,095 

88
—
—
  41,399

December 31, 

Trade receivables 
Other 
  Gross 
Allowance for doubtful accounts 
  Net 

2013 

2012

$ 304 
6 
  310 
(2) 
$ 308 

$ 371
  23
  394
(3)
$ 391

earn i n G s  ( lo ss )  Pe r  o rdina r Y   s ha re : (1)
Basic earnings (loss) per  
  ordinary share 

$ (1.11) 

$ 11.37 

$ 3.22 

$ 15.28

Bad debt expense recorded on the Consolidated Statements of 
Operations was $1 million for each of the years ended December 31, 
2013, 2012 and 2011.

Diluted earnings (loss)  
  per ordinary share 

$ (1.11) 

$ 11.10 

$ 3.10 

$ 15.25

1 0 .   i n v e n t o r i e s

(1) Earnings (loss) per ordinary share amounts were calculated from exact, not rounded 

income (loss) and share information.

(2) Our participating securities do not have a contractual obligation to share in losses; 
therefore, when we have a net loss, none of the loss is allocated to participating 
securities. Consequently, for 2013, the two-class method does not have an effect on 
basic loss per share, and as such, dividends paid during the year were not included 
for purposes of this calculation.

December 31, 

Raw materials 
Work-in-process 
Finished goods 
Materials and supplies, net(1) 
  Total 

2013 

2012

$  191 
  45 
  417 
  106 
$ 759 

$ 221
99
  477
  117
$ 914

In computing diluted earnings (loss) per share under the 
two-class method, we considered potentially dilutive shares. At 
December 31, 2013, 2,094,771 options with an average exercise 
price of $20.63, 357,300 Series A Warrants and 465,136 Class B 
Warrants, with exercise prices of $59.66 and $65.84, respectively, 
and 303,324 restricted share units, with an average price of $21.08 
were not recognized in the diluted earnings per share calculation as 
they were anti-dilutive. At December 31, 2012, 612,439 options 
with an average exercise price of $24.81 and 18,990 restricted share 
units with an average price of $21.10 were not recognized in the 
diluted earnings per share calculation as they were anti-dilutive. 

(1) Consists of processing chemicals, maintenance supplies, and spare parts, which will 

be consumed directly and indirectly in the production of our products.

Finished goods includes inventory on consignment to others of 
approximately $48 million and $42 million at December 31, 2013 
and 2012, respectively. At December 31, 2013 and 2012, inventory 
obsolescence reserves were $13 million and $11 million, respectively.

2013 Annual Report  31

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

t r o n o x   l i m i t e d
(Millions of U.S. dollars, except share, per share and metric tons data or unless otherwise noted)

1 1 .   P r o P e r t Y,   P l a n t   a n d   e Q u i P m e n t

1 4 .   a c c r u e d  l i a b i l i t i e s

December 31, 

2013 

2012

December 31, 

2013 

2012

Land and land improvements 
Buildings 
Machinery and equipment 
Construction-in-progress 
Other 
  Total 
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization 
  Net 

$ 

79 
181 
1,141 
133 
43 
  1,577 
(319) 
$ 1,258 

$ 

80
194
  1,158
153
13
  1,598
(175)
$ 1,423

Employee-related costs and benefits 
Taxes other than income taxes 
Interest 
Sales rebates 
Unfavorable sales contracts 
Other 
  Total 

Depreciation expense related to property, plant and equipment 

1 5 .   d e b t

during 2013, 2012, and 2011 was $191 million, $127 million,  
and $57 million, respectively.

s h o r t - t e r m   d e b t

$  55 
  44 
  22 
18 
  — 
7 
$ 146 

$  45
58
22
13
64
7
$ 209

2013 

$ — 
  — 
$ — 

2012

$ —
  30
$ 30

December 31, 

UBS Revolver (1) 
ABSA Revolver (2) 
  Short-term debt 

(1) Average effective interest rate of 3.9% during 2012.
(2) Average effective interest rate of 8.5% during both 2013 and 2012.

u b s   r e v o lv e r
On June 18, 2012, in connection with the closing of the Transaction, 
we entered into a global senior secured asset-based syndicated 
revolving credit facility with UBS AG (the “UBS Revolver”) with  
a maturity date of the fifth anniversary of the closing date. The UBS 
Revolver provides us with a committed source of capital with  
a principal borrowing amount of up to $300 million, subject to a 
borrowing base. In connection with the Amended and Restated 
Credit Agreement on March 19, 2013, we amended the UBS 
Revolver to allow for the increased size of the Term Loan over  
the Term Facility (see “Term Facility” and “Term Loan” below). 
Obligations under the UBS Revolver are collateralized by a first 
priority lien on substantially all of our existing, and future deposit 
accounts, inventory, and account receivables, and certain related 
assets, excluding those held by our South African subsidiaries, 
Netherland’s subsidiaries, and Bahamian subsidiary, and a second 
priority lien on all of our other assets, including capital shares.  
At December 31, 2013, our borrowing base was $210 million.

The UBS Revolver bears interest at our option at either (i) the 
greater of (a) the lenders’ prime rate, (b) the federal funds effective 
rate plus 0.50%, and (c) the adjusted LIBOR rate for a one-month 
period plus 1%) or (ii) the adjusted LIBOR rate, in each case plus 
the applicable margin. The applicable margin ranges from 1.5% to 
2% for borrowings at the adjusted LIBOR rate, and from 0.5% to 
1% for borrowings at the alternate base rate, based upon the average 
daily borrowing availability.

1 2 .   m i n e r a l   l e a s e h o l d s

December 31, 

Mineral leaseholds 
Less accumulated depletion 
  Net 

2013 

2012

$ 1,388 
(172) 
$  1,216 

$ 1,502
(63)
$ 1,439

Depletion expense related to mineral leaseholds during 2013, 
2012, and 2011 was $115 million, $59 million, and $4 million, 
respectively.

1 3 .   i n t a n G i b l e   a s s e t s

December 31, 2013 

December 31, 2012

Gross  Accumulated  Net Carrying  Gross  Accumulated  Net Carrying 
Amount
Cost  Amortization 

Cost  Amortization 

Amount 

Customer  
  relationships  $294 
TiO2 technology  32 
Internal-use  
  software 
Other 
  Total 

40 
9 

$375 

$(59) 
(5) 

(6) 
(5) 

$(75) 

$235  $294 
32 

27 

34 
4 

38 
9 
$300  $373 

$(39) 
(3) 

(2) 
(3) 
$(47) 

$255
29

36
6
$326

Amortization expense related to intangible assets during 2013, 

2012, and 2011 was $27 million, $25 million, and $22 million, 
respectively. Estimated future amortization expense related to 
intangible assets is $27 million for 2014, $27 million for 2015,  
$25 million for 2016, $25 million for 2017, $25 million for 2018, 
and $171 million thereafter.

32  Tronox Limited

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a b s a   r e v o lv i n G   c r e d i t   f a c i l i t Y
In connection with the Transaction, we entered into a R900 million 
(approximately $86 million as of December 31, 2013) revolving 
credit facility with ABSA Bank Limited acting through its ABSA 
Capital Division (the “ABSA Revolver”) with a maturity date of 
June 14, 2017. The ABSA Revolver bears interest at (i) the base rate 
(defined as one month JIBAR, which is the mid-market rate for 
deposits in South African rand for a period equal to the relevant 
period which appears on the Reuters Screen SAFEY Page alongside 
the caption YLD) as of 11h00 Johannesburg time on the first  
day of the applicable period, plus (ii) the Margin, which is 3.5%.  
At December 31, 2012, we had drawn down R250 million 
(approximately $30 million), which was repaid during the first 
quarter of 2013. At December 31, 2013, we had no amounts  
drawn on the ABSA Revolver.

l o n G - t e r m   d e b t
Long-term debt consisted of the following:

Original 
Principal 

Maturity 
Date 

December 
31, 2013 

December 
31, 2012

Term Loan, net of unamortized  
  discount of $11 million at  
  December 31, 2013 (1) 
Senior Notes 
Term Facility, net of  
  unamortized discount  
  of $6 million at  
  December 31, 2012 (2) 
Co-generation Unit  
  Financing Arrangement 
Lease financing 
    Total borrowings 
Less: Noncurrent borrowings  
  due in one year 
Noncurrent borrowings 

$ 

$ 1,500  3/19/2020 
$  900  8/15/2020 

$ 1,482 
900 

$  —
900

$  700 

2/8/2018 

— 

691

16 

2/1/2016 

6 
25 
  2,413 

10
14
  1,615

(18) 
$ 2,395 

(10)
$ 1,605

(1) Average effective interest rate of 5% during 2013.
(2) Average effective interest rate of 5% and 5% during 2013 and 2012, respectively.

At December 31, 2013, the scheduled maturities of our 

long-term debt were as follows:

2014  
2015  
2016  
2017  
2018  
Thereafter 
Total  
Remaining accretion associated with the Term Loan 
  Total borrowings 

Total Borrowings

$ 

18
18
16
16
16
  2,340
  2,424
(11)
$ 2,413

t e r m   l o a n
On March 19, 2013, we, along with our wholly owned subsidiary, 
Tronox Pigments (Netherlands) B.V., and certain of our subsidiaries 
named as guarantors, entered into an Amended and Restated  
Credit and Guaranty Agreement with Goldman Sachs Bank USA,  
as Administrative Agent and Collateral Agent, and Goldman Sachs 
Bank USA, UBS Securities LLC, Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC 
and RBC Capital Markets, as Joint Lead Arrangers, Joint Bookrunners 
and Co-Syndication Agents. Pursuant to the Amended and Restated 
Credit Agreement, we obtained a $1.5 billion senior secured term 
loan (the “Term Loan”), which matures in March 2020. The terms  
of the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement are substantially 
similar to our prior Term Facility (defined below). The Term Loan 
was issued net of an original issue discount of $7 million, or 0.5% of 
the principal balance. During the year ended December 31, 2013, 
we made principal repayments of $8 million.

The Term Loan bears interest at the option of Tronox at either:  

(i) 2.5% plus the base rate defined as the greater of the prime 
lending rate quoted in the print edition of The Wall Street Journal 
or the federal funds effective rate in effect on such day plus one  
half of 1%; provided, however, that the Base Rate is not less than 
2% per annum; or (ii) 3.5% plus the greater of the 3 month LIBOR 
Eurodollar rate or 1%.

n o t e s
On August 20, 2012, our wholly owned subsidiary, Tronox  
Finance LLC, issued $900 million aggregate principal amount of 
6.375% senior notes due 2020 (the “Existing Notes”) at par value. 
The Existing Notes were offered to qualified institutional buyers 
pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act of 1933, as 
amended (the “Securities Act”), and outside the United States to 
non-U.S. persons pursuant to Regulation S under the Securities Act.

During the second quarter of 2013, we and certain of our 
subsidiaries filed a Registration Statement on Form S-4, pursuant  
to which we and such subsidiaries offered to exchange $900 million 
in aggregate principal amount of registered 6.375% senior notes  
due 2020 (the “New Notes”) and related guarantees for the Existing 
Notes and related guarantees. The New Notes are substantially 
identical to the Existing Notes. On September 17, 2013, Tronox 
Finance issued the New Notes in exchange for the Existing Notes 
(together the “Notes”). At December 31, 2013, there was $900 
million in aggregate principal amount of New Notes outstanding 
and less than $1 million in aggregate amount of Existing Notes 
outstanding.

The Notes bear interest semiannually at a rate equal to 6.375%, 
and are fully and unconditionally guaranteed on a senior, unsecured 
basis by us and certain of our subsidiaries. The Notes are redeemable 
at any time at our discretion.

2013 Annual Report  33

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

t r o n o x   l i m i t e d
(Millions of U.S. dollars, except share, per share and metric tons data or unless otherwise noted)

t e r m   f a c i l i t Y
On February 8, 2012, Tronox Incorporated’s wholly owned 
subsidiary, Tronox Pigments (Netherlands) B.V., entered into a term 
loan facility with Goldman Sachs Bank USA comprised of a $550 
million Senior Secured Term Loan (the “Senior Secured Term Loan”) 
and a $150 million Senior Secured Delayed Draw Term Loan  
(the “Senior Secured Delayed Draw” together, the “Term Facility”). 
The Term Facility was issued net of an original issue discount of  
$7 million, or 1% of the initial principal amount, which was being 
amortized over the life of the Term Facility. On June 14, 2012, in 
connection with the closing of the Transaction, Tronox Pigments 
(Netherlands) B.V. drew down the $150 million Senior Secured 
Delayed Draw. During 2012, we made principal repayments of  
$3 million.

On February 28, 2013, Tronox Pigments (Netherlands) B.V. 
repaid the outstanding principal balance of $149 million, plus 
interest, related to the $150 million Senior Secured Delayed Draw. 
We accounted for such repayment as an extinguishment of debt,  
and recognized a $4 million loss on the early extinguishment of debt 
related to the allocated portion of the unamortized original issue 
discount and debt issuance costs, which is recorded in “Other 
income (expense)” on the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
We allocated these amounts between the $550 million Senior 
Secured Term Loan and the $150 million Senior Secured Delayed 
Draw as follows:

Outstanding 
Balance 

Percentage of 
Outstanding 
Balance 

Allocation of 
Loss on 
Unamortized  Extinguishment 
of Debt

Costs 

Senior Secured  
  Term Loan 
Senior Secured  
  Delayed Draw 
    Total 

$547 

149 
$696 

79% 

21% 
100% 

$16 

4 
$20 

$—

4
$4

The outstanding principal balance of the Senior Secured Term 

Loan of $547 million became part of the Term Loan, and was 
accounted for as a debt modification. As such, the unamortized 
original issue discount of $5 million and debt issuance costs  
of $11 million related to the Term Facility are being amortized  
over the life of the Term Loan.

c o - G e n e r a t i o n   u n i t   f i n a n c i n G   a r r a n G e m e n t
In March 2011, in order to finance its share of an asset purchased  
for the Tiwest Joint Venture, Tronox Incorporated incurred debt 
totaling $8 million. In connection with the Transaction, we acquired 
the remaining 50% undivided interest in the co-generation plant 
from Exxaro, along with its debt of $6 million. Under the financing 
arrangement, monthly payments are required, and interest accrues 
on the outstanding balance at the rate of 6.5% per annum. During 
2013 and 2012, we made principal repayments of $3 million and  
$2 million, respectively.

34  Tronox Limited

l e a s e   f i n a n c i n G
We have capital lease obligations in South Africa, which are payable 
through 2032 at a weighted average interest rate of approximately 
15%. At December 31, 2013 and 2012, such obligations had a  
net book value of assets recorded under capital leases aggregating 
$23 million and $9 million, respectively. During 2013 and 2012, 
we made principal payments of less than $1 million and less than  
$1 million, respectively.

f a i r   v a l u e
Our debt is recorded at historical amounts. At December 31, 2013, 
the fair value of the Term Loan was $1,524 million. At December 
31, 2013 and 2012, the fair value of the Notes was $924 million 
and $910 million, respectively. At December 31, 2012, the fair 
value of the Term Facility was $709 million. We determined the  
fair value of the Term Loan, the Notes and the Term Facility  
using Bloomberg market prices. The fair value hierarchy for the 
Term Loan and the Notes is a Level 1 input.

d e b t   c o v e n a n t s
At December 31, 2013, we had financial covenants in the UBS 
Revolver, the ABSA Revolver and the Term Loan; however, only the 
ABSA Revolver had a financial maintenance covenant that applies to 
local operations and only when the ABSA Revolver is drawn upon.

The terms of the Term Loan are substantially similar to our prior 

Term Facility except that the Term Loan (i) eliminates financial 
maintenance covenants (ii) permits, subject to certain conditions, 
incurrence of additional senior secured debt up to a leverage ratio  
of 2:1, (iii) increases our ability to incur debt in connection with 
permitted acquisitions and our ability to incur unsecured debt,  
and (iv) allows for the payment of a $0.25 per share dividend each 
fiscal quarter. Otherwise, the terms of the Term Loan provide for 
customary representations and warranties, affirmative and negative 
covenants and events of default. The terms of the covenants,  
subject to certain exceptions, restrict, among other things: (i) debt 
incurrence; (ii) lien incurrence; (iii) investments, dividends and 
distributions; (iv) disposition of assets and subsidiary interests;  
(v) acquisitions; (vi) sale and leaseback transactions; and (vii) 
transactions with affiliates and shareholders.

The Term Loan and the UBS Revolver are subject to an inter-

creditor agreement pursuant to which the lenders’ respective  
rights and interests in the security are set forth. We were in 
compliance with all our financial covenants as of and for the  
year ended December 31, 2013.

We have pledged the majority of our U.S. assets and  
certain assets of our non-U.S. subsidiaries in support of our 
outstanding debt.

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i n t e r e s t   a n d   d e b t   e x P e n s e
Interest and debt expense consisted of the following:

Successor 

Eleven 
Months 
Ended 
Year Ended 
December 31,  December 31,  December 31, 
2011 

Year Ended 

2012 

2013 

Predecessor

One 
Month 
Ended 
January 31, 
2011

Bank borrowings 
Amortization of deferred  
  debt issuance costs and  
  discounts on debt 
Other 
Capitalized interest 
    Total interest and  
      debt expense 

$ 122 

$ 53 

$ 29 

$  3

9 
4 
(5) 

  10 
4 
(2) 

1 
1 
(1) 

$ 130 

$ 65 

$ 30 

  —
  —
  —

$  3

In connection with obtaining debt, we incurred debt issuance 
costs, which are being amortized through the respective maturity 
dates using the effective interest method. At December 31, 2013 
and 2012, we had $57 million and $38 million, respectively,  
of deferred debt issuance costs, which are recorded in “Other 
long-term assets” on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.”

1 6 .   a s s e t  r e t i r e m e n t   o b l i G a t i o n s

Asset retirement obligations (“AROs”) consist primarily of 
rehabilitation and restoration costs, landfill capping costs, decom-
missioning costs, and closure and post-closure costs. A summary  
of the changes in AROs during 2013 and 2012 is as follows:

December 31, 

2013 

2012

Beginning balance 
Additions 
Accretion expense 
Remeasurement/translation 
Changes in estimates, including cost and  
  timing of cash flows 
Settlements/payments 
AROs acquired in the Transaction 
Ending balance 

$ 113 
  — 
2 
  (16) 

(1) 
(2) 
  — 
$  96 

$  30
7
5
7

4
(1)
  61
$ 113

Current portion included in accrued liabilities 

$  6 

$  7

Noncurrent portion 

$  90 

$ 106

We used the following assumptions in determining asset 
retirement obligations at December 31, 2013: inflation rates 
between 2.5%-5.3% per year; credit adjusted risk-free interest rates 
between 4.52%-7%; and the life of mines between 11-39 years.

e n v i r o n m e n t a l   r e h a b i l i t a t i o n   t r u s t
In accordance with applicable regulations, we have established an 
environmental rehabilitation trust for the prospecting and mining 
operations in South Africa, which receives, holds, and invests  
funds for the rehabilitation or management of asset retirement 
obligations. The trustees of the fund are appointed by us, and 
consist of sufficiently qualified employees capable of fulfilling their 
fiduciary duties. At December 31, 2013 and 2012, the environmen-
tal rehabilitation trust assets were $22 million and $20 million, 
respectively, which were recorded in “Other long-term assets” on  
the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

1 7 .   d e r i v a t i v e   i n s t r u m e n t s

We manufacture and market our products in a number of countries 
throughout the world and, as a result, are exposed to changes in 
foreign currency exchange rates, particularly in South Africa, 
Australia, and the Netherlands. Costs in South Africa and Australia 
are primarily incurred in local currencies, while the majority of 
revenues are in U.S. dollars. In Europe, the majority of revenues and 
costs are in the local currency. This leaves us exposed to movements 
in the South African rand and the Australian dollar versus the  
U.S. dollar.

In order to manage this risk, we entered into currency forward 
contracts to buy and sell foreign currencies as “economic hedges”  
for these foreign currency transactions during 2013. Our currency 
forward contracts were not designated for hedge accounting 
treatment under ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging, (“ASC 815”).  
As such, changes in the fair value were recorded in “Other income 
(expense)” on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. During 
2013, we recorded a net gain of $2 million. At December 31, 2013 
and 2012, we did not have any forward contracts in place.

1 8 .   c o m m i t m e n t s   a n d   c o n t i n G e n c i e s

l e a s e s   —   The Company leases office space, storage, and equipment 
under non-cancelable lease agreements, which expire on various 
dates through 2023. Total rental expense related to operating leases 
was $42 million, $8 million, and $13 million during 2013, 2012, 
and 2011, respectively. See Note 15 for additional information 
regarding lease financing.

At December 31, 2013, minimum rental commitments under 

non-cancelable operating leases were as follows:

2014  
2015  
2016  
2017  
2018  
Thereafter 
  Total 

Operating

$  43
  29
  10
  10
6
6
$ 104

2013 Annual Report  35

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

t r o n o x   l i m i t e d
(Millions of U.S. dollars, except share, per share and metric tons data or unless otherwise noted)

P u r c h a s e   c o m m i t m e n t s   —   At December 31, 2013, purchase 
commitments were $253 million for 2014, $151 million for 2015, 
$112 million for 2016, $105 million for 2017, $77 million for 
2018, and $160 million thereafter.

In accordance with Australian law, Tronox Limited is not 

permitted to hold its own ordinary shares. As such, shares  
repurchased during 2012 were canceled.

t r o n o x   i n c o r P o r a t e d
The changes in outstanding and treasury shares for the year ended 
December 31, 2012 were as follows:

shares outstandin G :
Balance at January 1, 2012 
Shares issued for share-based compensation 
Shares issued for warrants exercised 
Shares issued for claims 
Shares exchanged in connection with the Transaction 
Balance at December 31, 2012 

shares held as treasur Y:
Balance at January 1, 2012 
Shares issued for share-based compensation 
Shares canceled in connection with the Transaction 
Balance at December 31, 2012 

75,383,455
570,785
690,385
25
(76,644,650)
—

472,565
239,360
(711,925)
—

In accordance with Australian law, Tronox Limited is not 

permitted to hold its own ordinary shares. As such, Tronox 
Incorporated shares held in treasury on the Transaction date were 
canceled in connection with the Transaction.

W a r r a n t s
Tronox Limited has outstanding Series A Warrants (the “Series A 
Warrants”) and Series B Warrants (the “Series B Warrants,” and 
together with the Series A Warrants, the “Warrants”). Holders of the 
Warrants are entitled to purchase five Class A Shares and receive 
$12.50 in cash at an exercise prices of $59.66 for each Series A 
Warrant and $65.84 for each Series B Warrants. The Warrants have 
a seven-year term from the date initially issued and will expire on 
February 14, 2018. A holder may exercise the Warrants by paying 
the applicable exercise price in cash or exercising on a cashless basis. 
The Warrants are freely transferable by the holder. As of December 
31, 2013 there were 357,300 Series A Warrants and 465,136 Series 
B Warrants outstanding.

d i v i d e n d s   d e c l a r e d
During 2013 and 2012, we declared and paid quarterly dividends to 
holders of our Class A Shares and Class B Shares as follows:

Q3 
2012 

Q4 
2012 

Q1 
2013 

Q2 
2013 

Q3 
2013 

Q4 
2013

Dividend per share  $0.25 
Total dividend 
$32 
Record date  
  (close of business) 

$0.25 
$29 

$0.25  $0.25 
$28 

$29 

$0.25 
$29 

$0.25
$29

July  November  March  May  August  November 
18

13 

19 

20 

23 

6 

l e t t e r s   o f   c r e d i t   —   At December 31, 2013, we had outstand-
ing letters of credit, bank guarantees, and performance bonds of 
approximately $45 million, of which $25 million in letters of credit 
were issued under the UBS Revolver and $18 million were bank 
guarantees issued by ABSA.

o t h e r   m a t t e r s   —   From time to time, we may be party to a 
number of legal and administrative proceedings involving legal, 
environmental, and/or other matters in various courts or agencies. 
These proceedings, individually and in the aggregate, may have a 
material adverse effect on us. These proceedings may be associated 
with facilities currently or previously owned, operated or used by  
us and/or our predecessors, some of which may include claims for 
personal injuries, property damages, cleanup costs, and other 
environmental matters. Current and former operations may also 
involve management of regulated materials that are subject to 
various environmental laws and regulations including the 
Comprehensive Environmental Response Compensation and 
Liability Act, the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act or state 
equivalents. Similar environmental laws and regulations and other 
requirements exist in foreign countries in which we operate.

1 9 .   s h a r e h o l d e r s ’   e Q u i t Y

t r o n o x   l i m i t e d
The changes in outstanding Class A Shares and Class B Shares for 
the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012 were as follows:

c las s  a   s h are s :
Balance at January 1, 2012 
Shares issued in connection with the Transaction 
Shares issued for share-based compensation 
Shares issued for warrants exercised 
Shares purchased by the T-Bucks Trust 
Class A Shares purchased by Exxaro, converted to  
  Class B Shares 
Shares repurchased and canceled 
Balance at December 31, 2012 
Shares issued for share-based compensation 
Shares issued for warrants exercised 
Shares issued for options exercised 
Balance at December 31, 2013 

—
76,644,650
24,620
9,353
(548,234)

(1,400,000)
(12,626,400)
62,103,989
109,790
84,088
51,751
62,349,618

c las s  b  s h are s :
Balance at January 1, 2012 
—
Shares issued in connection with the Transaction 
49,754,280
Class A Shares purchased by Exxaro, converted to Class B Shares  1,400,000

Balance at December 31, 2012 

Balance at December 31, 2013 

51,154,280

51,154,280

36  Tronox Limited

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a c c u m u l a t e d  o t h e r   c o m P r e h e n s i v e   l o s s
The changes in accumulated other comprehensive loss were as 
follows:

Successor 

Predecessor

Eleven 
Months 
Year Ended  Year Ended 
Ended 
December  December  December 
31, 2011 
31, 2012 
31, 2013 

One 
Month 
Ended 
January
31, 2011

Foreign currency translation:
  Beginning balance 
  Changes in accumulated  
    foreign currency translation 
  Liquidation of non-operating  
    subsidiaries (recognized in  
    the consolidated statements  
    of operations) 
  Elimination in accordance  
    w ith fresh-start accounting 
  Ending balance 
Pension and postretirement  
  benefit plans:
  Beginning balance 
  Actuarial gain (loss) and prior 
    service credit, net of  
    amortization and taxes 
  Elimination in accordance  
    with fresh-start accounting 
  Ending balance 
Accumulated other  
  comprehensive loss attributable  
  to Tronox Limited 
Accumulated other  
  comprehensive income 
  (loss) attributable to  
  noncontrolling interest 

Accumulated other  
  comprehensive loss 

$ 

4 

$  (6) 

$  — 

$ (122)

  (195) 

  10 

(6) 

1

(24) 

  — 

  — 

  —

  — 
  (215) 

  — 
4 

  — 
(6) 

  121
  —

(99) 

  (51) 

  — 

  113

30 

  (48) 

  (51) 

(1)

  — 
(69) 

  — 
  (99) 

  — 
  (51) 

  (112)
  —

  (284) 

  (95) 

  (57) 

  —

(70) 

$  1 

  — 

  —

$ (354) 

$ (94) 

$ (57) 

$  —

s h a r e   s P l i t
On June 26, 2012, the Board approved a 5-to-1 share split for 
holders of Class A Shares and Class B Shares at the close of business 
on July 20, 2012, by issuance of four additional shares for each  
share of the same class by way of bonus issue. As a result of the share 
split, we recorded an increase to Class A Shares and Class B Shares  
of $1 million and a corresponding decrease to “Retained earnings” 
on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

s h a r e   r e P u r c h a s e s
On June 26, 2012, the Board authorized the repurchase of 10%  
of Tronox Limited voting securities in open market transactions. 
During 2012, we repurchased 12,626,400 Class A Shares, affected 
for the 5-for-1 share split, at an average price of $25.84 per share, 
inclusive of commissions, for a total cost of $326 million. 
Repurchased shares were subsequently canceled in accordance  
with Australian law. On September 27, 2012, we announced  
the successful completion of our share repurchase program.

2 0 .   n o n c o n t r o l l i n G   i n t e r e s t

In connection with the Transaction, Exxaro retained a 26% 
ownership interest in each of Tronox KZN Sands (Pty) Ltd. and 
Tronox Mineral Sands (Pty) Ltd. in order to comply with the 
ownership requirements of the Black Economic Empowerment 
(“BEE”) legislation in South Africa. Exxaro is entitled to exchange 
this interest for approximately 3.2% in additional Class B Shares 
under certain circumstances (i.e., the earlier of the termination of 
the Empowerment Period or the tenth anniversary of completion  
of the Transaction). Exxaro also retained a 26% ownership interest  
in certain other non-operating subsidiaries.

A reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances of 
noncontrolling interest on the Consolidated Balance Sheets is  
as follows:

Balance at January 1, 2012 
Fair value of noncontrolling interest on the Transaction Date 
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest 
Effect of exchange rate changes 
Balance at December 31, 2012 
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest 
Effect of exchange rate changes 
Balance at December 31, 2013 

$  —
  233
(1)
1
  233
  36
  (70)
$ 199

2 1 .   s h a r e - b a s e d   c o m P e n s a t i o n

Compensation expense consisted of the following:

Successor 

Predecessor

Eleven 
Months 
Year Ended  Year Ended 
Ended 
December  December  December 
31, 2011 
31, 2012 
31, 2013 

One 
Month 
Ended 
January
31, 2011

Restricted shares and  
  restricted share units 
Options 
T-Bucks EPP 
  Total compensation expense 

$ 10 
  5 
  2 
$ 17 

$ 29 
  2 
  1 
$ 32 

$ 14 
  — 
  — 
$ 14 

$ —
  —
  —
$ —

The income tax benefits associated with compensation expense 
for 2013 and 2012 were $2 million and $6 million, respectively,  
net of valuation allowances. The tax benefit associated with 
compensation expense during 2011 had a corresponding offset to  
the valuation allowance, yielding no overall income tax benefit.

2013 Annual Report  37

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

t r o n o x   l i m i t e d
(Millions of U.S. dollars, except share, per share and metric tons data or unless otherwise noted)

t r o n o x   l i m i t e d   m a n a G e m e n t   e Q u i t Y   

i n c e n t i v e   P l a n
On the Transaction Date, we adopted the Tronox Limited 
Management Equity Incentive Plan (the “Tronox Limited MEIP”), 
which permits the grant of awards that are comprised of incentive 
options, nonqualified options, share appreciation rights, restricted 
shares, restricted share units, performance awards, and other 
share-based awards, cash payments, and other forms as the compen-
sation committee of the Board in its discretion deems appropriate, 
including any combination of the above. Subject to further 
adjustment, the maximum number of shares which may be the 
subject of awards (inclusive of incentive options) is 12,781,225  
Class A Shares.

r e s t r i c t e d   s h a r e s
During 2013 and 2012, we granted 479,258 and 322,765 restricted 
shares, respectively, to employees, which have both time require-
ments and performance requirements. The time provisions are 
graded vesting over 3 years, while the performance provisions are 
cliff vesting and have a variable payout at the end of 3 years. During 
2013 and 2012, we granted 45,114 and 34,740 restricted shares, 
respectively, with three-year graded vesting to members of the 
Board. All restricted share awards issued during 2013 are classified 
as equity awards, and are accounted for using the fair value 
established at the grant date.

The following table presents a summary of activity for the years 

ended December 31, 2013 and 2012:

Number of 
Shares 

  Weighted Average 
Grant Date 
Fair Value

Outstanding, January 1, 2012 
Converted in connection with the Transaction 
Granted 
Vested 
Forfeited 
Outstanding, December 31, 2012 
Granted 
Vested 
Forfeited 
Outstanding, December 31, 2013 

— 
420,765 
357,505 
(24,620) 
(11,575) 
742,075 
524,372 
(100,540) 
(17,112) 
1,148,795 

$  —
 16.99
 25.18
 20.87
 29.32
 20.61
 21.18
 22.91
 24.24
$ 20.61

Expected to vest, December 31, 2013 

1,135,905 

$ 20.60

At December 31, 2013, there was $12 million in unrecognized 

compensation expense related to nonvested restricted shares, 
adjusted for estimated forfeitures, which is expected to be recog-
nized over a weighted-average period of 2 years. The total fair value 
of restricted shares that vested during the years ended December 31, 
2013 and 2012 was $2 million and $1 million, respectively.

r e s t r i c t e d   s h a r e   u n i t s   ( “ r s u s ” )
During 2013 and 2012, we granted 269,037 and 18,990 RSUs, 
respectively, to employees, which have both time requirements  
and performance requirements. The time provisions are graded 
vesting over a period of 3 years, while the performance provisions  
are cliff vesting and have a variable payout at the end of 3 years. 
During 2013, we granted 26,618 RSUs with 3-year graded vesting 
to members of the Board. All RSUs issued during 2013 are  
classified as equity awards, and are accounted for using the fair  
value established at the grant date.

Outstanding, January 1, 2012 
Granted 
Outstanding, December 31, 2012 
Granted 
Vested 
Forfeited 
Outstanding at December 31, 2013 

Number of 
Shares 

  Weighted Average 
Grant Date 
Fair Value

— 
18,990 
18,990 
295,655 
(7,775) 
(3,546) 
303,324 

$  —
 21.10
 21.10
 21.06
 20.43
 21.36
$ 21.08

Expected to vest, December 31, 2013 

294,542 

$ 21.07

At December 31, 2013, there was $3 million unrecognized 
compensation expense related to nonvested RSUs, adjusted for 
estimated forfeitures, which is expected to be recognized over  
a weighted-average period of 2 years. The total fair value of RSUs 
that vested during the year ended December 31, 2013 was less  
than $1 million.

38  Tronox Limited

441446.Fin.cs5.indd   38

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o P t i o n s
During 2013 and 2012, we granted options to employees to 
purchase Class A Shares, which vest ratably over a three-year period 
and have a ten-year term. The following table presents a summary  
of activity for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012:

Fair value is determined on the grant date using the Black-
Scholes option-pricing model, and is recognized in earnings on a 
straight-line basis over the employee service period of three years, 
which is the vesting period. The assumptions used in the Black-
Scholes option-pricing model were as follows:

Number of 
Options 

Weighted  Weighted 
Average 
Contractual 
Life (years) 

Average 
Exercise 
Price 

Intrinsic 
Value

Outstanding,  
  January 1, 2012 
Converted in connection  
  with the Transaction 
Issued 
Forfeited 
Outstanding,  
  December 31, 2012  
Issued 
Exercised 
Forfeited 
Expired 
Outstanding,  
  December 31, 2013  

Expected to vest,  
  December 31, 2013  

Exercisable,  
  December 31, 2013  

— 

$  —

517,330 
247,904 
(152,795) 

612,439 
1,590,438 
(51,751) 
(22,861) 
(33,494) 

  24.56
  23.83
  22.39

  24.81
  19.17
  21.90
  20.54
  25.65

2,094,771 

$ 20.63 

8.97 

$  7

1,822,535 

$ 20.19 

9.05 

$  6

226,822 

$ 24.32 

8.27 

$ —

The aggregate intrinsic values in the table represent the total 

pre-tax intrinsic value (the difference between our share price  
at December 31, 2013 and the options’ exercise price, multiplied  
by the number of in-the-money options) that would have been 
received by the option holders had all option holders exercised their 
in-the-money options at the end of the year. The amount will 
change based on the fair market value of our stock. Total intrinsic 
value of options exercised during 2013 was less than $1 million.  
We issue new shares upon the exercise of options. During 2013,  
we received approximately $1 million in cash for the exercise of 
stock options. The associated tax benefit was less than $1 million.
At December 31, 2013, unrecognized compensation expense 

related to options, adjusted for estimated forfeitures, was $10 
million, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average 
period of 2 years.

February 25, 
2013 

March 11,  September 3, 
2013

2013 

Number of options granted 
Fair market value and exercise price 
Risk-free interest rate 
Expected dividend yield 
Expected volatility 
Maturity 
Expected term (years) 
Per-unit fair value of options granted 

1,544,872 
$ 19.09 

1.04% 
  5.24% 
56% 
10 
6 
$  6.28 

  8,238 
$ 21.49 

1.19% 
  4.65% 
56% 
10 
6 
$  7.48 

  37,328
$ 21.94

2.10%
  4.56%
56%
10
6
$  7.92

The fair value is based on the closing price of our Class A Shares 

on the grant date. The risk-free interest rate is based on U.S. 
Treasury Strips available with maturity period consistent with 
expected life assumption. The expected volatility assumption  
is based on historical price movements of our peer group.

t - b u c k s   e m P l o Y e e   P a r t i c i P a t i o n   P l a n   ( “ t - b u c k s   e P P ” )
During 2012, we established the T-Bucks EPP for the benefit of 
certain qualifying employees of our South African subsidiaries.  
We funded the T-Bucks Trust (the “Trust”) with R124 million 
(approximately $15 million), which was used to acquire Class A 
Shares. Additional contributions may be made in the future at  
the discretion of the Board. The T-Bucks EPP is classified as an 
equity-settled shared-based payment plan, whereby participants 
were awarded share units in the Trust, which entitles them to 
receive Class A Shares upon completion of the vesting period on 
May 31, 2017. Participants are entitled to receive dividends on  
the shares during the vesting period. Forfeited shares are retained by 
the Trust, and are allocated to future participants. Compensation 
costs are recognized over the vesting period using the straight-line 
method. During 2012, the Trust purchased 548,234 Class A  
Shares at $25.79 per share, which was the fair value on the date  
of purchase. The balance at both December 31, 2013 and 2012  
was 548,234 shares.

441446.Fin.cs5.indd   39

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2013 Annual Report  39

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

t r o n o x   l i m i t e d
(Millions of U.S. dollars, except share, per share and metric tons data or unless otherwise noted)

t r o n o x   i n c o r P o r a t e d   m a n a G e m e n t   e Q u i t Y 

i n c e n t i v e   P l a n
In connection with its emergence from bankruptcy, Tronox 
Incorporated adopted the Tronox Incorporated Management Equity 
Incentive Plan (the “Tronox Incorporated MEIP”), which permitted 
the grant of awards that were comprised of incentive options, 
nonqualified options, share appreciation rights, restricted shares, 
restricted share units, performance awards, and other share-based 
awards and cash payments. The number of shares available for 
delivery pursuant to the awards granted under the Tronox 
Incorporated MEIP was 1.2 million shares. On the Transaction Date, 
748,980 restricted shares of Tronox Incorporated vested in connec-
tion with the Transaction. The remaining restricted shares of Tronox 
Incorporated were converted to Tronox Limited restricted shares.

r e s t r i c t e d   s h a r e s
During 2012, Tronox Incorporated granted shares to employees with 
graded vesting provisions over a 3-year time period. All restricted 
share awards issued during 2012 were classified as equity awards  
and accounted for using the fair value established at the grant date.  
All Tronox Incorporated shares granted in 2012 that did not vest 
with the Transaction were converted into the Tronox Limited  
MEIP on the date of the Transaction.

o P t i o n s
During 2012, Tronox Incorporated granted options to employees  
to purchase Class A Shares with graded vesting provisions over a  
3 year time period and carrying a ten year term option. Fair value 
was determined on the grant date using the Black-Scholes option-
pricing model, and recognized in earnings on a straight-line  
basis over the employee service period. All Tronox Incorporated 
options granted in 2012 that did not vest with the Transaction  
were converted to the Tronox Limited MEIP on the date of the 
Transaction.

The following table presents a summary of activity for the years 

ended December 31, 2012 and 2011:

Number of 
Shares 

  Weighted Average 
Grant Date 
Fair Value

Balance at January 1, 2011 
Issued 
Balance at December 31, 2011 
Issued 
Converted in connection with the Transaction 
Outstanding at December 31, 2012 

— 
345,000 
345,000 
172,330 
(517,330) 
— 

$  —
 22.00
$ 22.00
 29.69
 24.56
$  —

2 2 .   P e n s i o n   a n d   o t h e r   P o s t r e t i r e m e n t 

The following table summarizes restricted shares activity during 

h e a l t h c a r e   b e n e f i t s

the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011:

Number of 
Shares 

  Weighted Average 
Grant Date 
Fair Value

Balance, January 1, 2011 
Granted 
Vested 
Forfeited 
Balance, December 31, 2011 
Granted 
Vested 
Earned in connection with the Transaction 
Converted in connection with the Transaction 
Balance, December 31, 2012 

— 
1,734,090 
(545,675) 
(10,420) 
1,177,995 
52,915 
(61,165) 
(748,980) 
(420,765) 
— 

$  —
  22.81
  24.50
  24.50
  22.01
  24.36
  24.50
  24.57
  16.99
$  —

We sponsor a noncontributory defined benefit retirement  
plan (qualified) in the United States, a contributory defined  
benefit retirement plan in the Netherlands, a U.S. contributory  
postretirement healthcare plan, and a South Africa postretirement 
healthcare plan.

u . s .   P l a n s
Q u a l i f i e d   r e t i r e m e n t   P l a n – We sponsor a noncontributory 
qualified defined benefit plan (funded) (the “U.S. Qualified Plan”)  
in accordance with the Employee Retirement Income Security Act  
of 1974 (“ERISA”) and the Internal Revenue Code. We made 
contributions into funds managed by a third-party, and those funds 
are held exclusively for the benefit of the plan participants. Benefits 
under the U.S. Qualified Plan were generally calculated based on 
years of service and final average pay. The U.S. Qualified Plan was 
frozen and closed to new participants on June 1, 2009.

40  Tronox Limited

441446.Fin.cs5.indd   40

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Pos tre tirement  healthcare Plan — We sponsor an unfunded U.S. 
postretirement healthcare plan. Under the plan, substantially all 
U.S. employees are eligible for postretirement healthcare benefits 
provided they reach retirement age while working for us. The plan 
provides medical and dental benefits to U.S. retirees and their 
eligible dependents.

f o r e i G n   P l a n s
n e t h e r l a n d s   P l a n   —   On January 1, 2007, we established the 
TDF-Botlek Pension Fund Foundation (the “Netherlands Plan”)  
to provide defined pension benefits to qualifying employees  
of Tronox Pigments (Holland) B.V. and its related companies.  
The Netherlands Plan is a contributory benefit plan under which 
participants contribute 4% of the costs. Contributions by us  
and participants are held in the fund for the sole benefit of the 
participants. Benefits are determined by applying the benefit 
formula to the pensionable salary, and are payable to participants 
upon retirement. Under The Netherlands Plan, a participant’s 
surviving spouse and children are entitled to benefits subject to 
certain benefit thresholds.

s o u t h   a f r i c a   P o s t r e t i r e m e n t   h e a l t h c a r e   P l a n   —   
As part of the Transaction, we established a post-employment 
healthcare plan, which provides medical and dental benefits to 
certain Namakwa Sands employees, retired employees and their 
registered dependents (the “South African Plan”). The South African 
Plan provides benefits as follows: (i) members employed before 
March 1, 1994 receive 100% post-retirement and death-in-service 
benefits; (ii) members employed on or after March 1, 1994 but 
before January 1, 2002 receive 2% per year of completed service 
subject to a maximum of 50% post-retirement and death-in-service 
benefits; and, (iii) members employed on or after January 1, 2002 
receive no post-retirement and death-in-service benefits.

P l a n   f i n a n c i a l   i n f o r m a t i o n
b e n e f i t   o b l i G a t i o n s   a n d   f u n d e d   s t a t u s   —   The following 
provides a reconciliation of beginning and ending benefit obliga-
tions, beginning and ending plan assets, funded status, and balance 
sheet classification of our pension and postretirement healthcare 
plans as of and for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012. 
The benefit obligations and plan assets associated with our principal 
benefit plans are measured on December 31.

Year Ended December 31, 

2013 

2012 

2013 

2012

Retirement Plans 

Postretirement 
Healthcare Plans

$  557 
5 
20 
(31) 

chan G e in benefit obli Gations:
Benefit obligation,  
  beginning of year 
    Service cost 
    Interest cost 
    Net actuarial (gains) losses   
    Foreign currency  
      rate changes 
    Contributions by  
      plan participants 
    Acquired in the  
      Transaction 
    Plan amendments 
    Benefits paid 
    Administrative expenses 
    Benefit obligation,  
      end of year 

— 
(4) 
(27) 
(3) 

  524 

6 

1 

$ 483 
3 
22 
78 

2 

1 

  — 
  — 
(29) 
(3) 

$  19 
1 
1 
4 

(1) 

  — 

  — 
  — 
(1) 
  — 

$  9
1
1
2

  —

1

7
  —
(2)
  —

  557 

  23 

  19

chan G e in  Plan assets:
Fair value of plan assets,  
  beginning of year 
    Actual return on  
      plan assets 
    Employer contributions (1) 
    Participant contributions 
    Foreign currency  
      rate changes 
    Benefits paid (1) 
    Administrative expenses 
Fair value of plan assets,  
  end of year 
Net over (under) funded  
  status of plans 

  398 

  350 

19 
5 
1 

5 
(27) 
(3) 

47 
30 
1 

2 
(29) 
(3) 

  — 

  — 
1 
  — 

  — 
(1) 
  — 

  —

  —
1
1

  —
(2)
  —

  398 

  398 

  — 

  —

$ (126) 

$ (159) 

$ (23) 

$ (19)

$  — 

classification of am ounts reco Gnized   
in the consolidated balance sheets:
Accrued liabilities 
Pension and postretirement  
  healthcare benefits 
Total liabilities 
Accumulated other  
  comprehensive loss 
    Total 

60 
$  (66) 

  (126) 
  (126) 

  (159) 
  (159) 

94 
$  (65) 

$  — 

$  (1) 

  (22) 
  (23) 

9 
$ (14) 

$  (2)

  (17)
  (19)

6
$ (13)

(1) We expect 2014 contributions to be approximately $5 million for The Netherlands 
Plan and $17 million for the U.S. qualified retirement plan, while net benefits  
paid are expected to be approximately $1 million for the U.S. postretirement 
healthcare plan.

2013 Annual Report  41

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

t r o n o x   l i m i t e d
(Millions of U.S. dollars, except share, per share and metric tons data or unless otherwise noted)

At December 31, 2013, our U.S. qualified retirement plan was  

in an underfunded status of $106 million. As a result, we have a 
projected minimum funding requirement of $13 million for 2013, 
which will be payable in 2014.

December 31, 2013 

December 31, 2012

The 
U.S.  Netherlands 
Retirement 
Plan 

Qualified 
Plan 

The 
U.S.  Netherlands 
Retirement 
Plan 

Qualified 
Plan 

Accumulated  
  benefit obligation 
Projected benefit obligation 
Fair value of plan assets 
Funded status –  
  underfunded 

$ 378 
  (378) 
  272 

$ 127 
  (146) 
  126 

$  420 
  (420) 
  286 

$ 117
  (137)
  112

$ (106) 

$ (20) 

$ (134) 

$  (25)

e x P e c t e d   b e n e f i t   P aY m e n t s   —   The following table shows  
the expected cash benefit payments for the next five years and in the 
aggregate for the years 2019 through 2023:

2014 

2015 

2016 

2017 

2018 

2019– 
2023

Retirement Plans (1) 
$32 
$1 
Postretirement Healthcare Plan 
(1) Includes benefit payments expected to be paid from the U.S. qualified retirement 

$30  $150
$7
$1 

$31 
$1 

$30 
$1 

$30 
$1 

plan of $28 million, $27 million, $27 million, $26 million and $26 million in each 
year, 2014 through 2018, respectively, and $127 million in the aggregate for the 
period 2019 through 2023.

r e t i r e m e n t   a n d   P o s t r e t i r e m e n t   h e a l t h c a r e   e x P e n s e   —   The table below presents the components of net periodic cost 
(income) associated with the U.S. and foreign plans recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended December 
31, 2013 and 2012, eleven months ended December 31, 2011 and one month ended January 31, 2011:

Retirement Plans 

Postretirement Healthcare Plans

Successor 

Predecessor 

Successor 

Year 
Ended 

Eleven 
Months 
Ended 
December 31,  December 31,  December 31, 
2011 

Year 
Ended 

2013 

2012 

One 
Month 
Ended 

Eleven 
Months 
Ended 
January 31,  December 31,  December 31,  December 31, 
2011 

Year 
Ended 

Year 
Ended 

2013 

2012 

2011 

Net periodic cost:
Service cost 
Interest cost 
Expected return  
on plan assets 
Net amortization of prior  
service credit 
Net amortization of actuarial loss 
Total net periodic cost (income) 

$  5 
  20 

$  3 
  22 

$  3 
  21 

  (20) 

  (21) 

  (20) 

  — 
2 
$  7 

  — 
  — 
$  4 

  — 
  — 
$  4 

$ — 
  2 

(2) 

  — 
  1 
$  1 

$ 1 
  1 

  — 

  — 
  — 
$ 2 

$  1 
  1 

  — 

  — 
  — 
$  2 

$  1 
  — 

  — 

  — 
  — 
$  1 

Predecessor

One 
Month 
Ended 
January 31, 
2011

$ —
  —

  —

  (1)
  —
$ (1)

42  Tronox Limited

441446.Fin.cs5.indd   42

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d i s c o u n t   r a t e   —   The discount rates selected for estimation of 
the actuarial present value of the benefit obligations for both U.S. 
plans were 4.50% and 3.75% as of December 31, 2013 and 2012, 
respectively. The 2013 and 2012 rates were selected based on  
the results of a cash flow matching analysis, which projected the 
expected cash flows of the plans using a yield curves model devel-
oped from a universe of Aa-graded U.S. currency corporate bonds 
(obtained from Bloomberg) with at least $50 million outstanding. 
Bonds with features that imply unreliable pricing, a less than certain 
cash flow, or other indicators of optionality are filtered out of the 
universe. The remaining universe is categorized into maturity 
groups, and within each of the maturity groups yields are ranked 
into percentiles. For 2011, the discount rate for our U.S. qualified 
plan and postretirement healthcare plan was based on a discounted 
cash flow analysis performed by our independent actuaries utilizing 
the Citigroup Pension Discount Curve as of the end of the year.

h e a l t h   c a r e   c o s t   t r e n d   r a t e s   —   At December 31, 2013,  
the assumed health care cost trend rates used to measure the 
expected cost of benefits covered by the U.S. postretirement 
healthcare plan was 8% in 2014, gradually declining to 5% in 2020 
and thereafter. A 1% increase in the assumed health care cost trend 
rate for each future year would increase the accumulated postretire-
ment benefit obligation at December 31, 2013 by $2 million,  
while the aggregate of the service and interest cost components of 
the 2013 net periodic postretirement cost would increase by less 
than $1 million. A 1% decrease in the trend rate for each future year 
would reduce the accumulated benefit obligation at December 31, 
2013 by $1 million and decrease the aggregate of the service and 
interest cost components of the net periodic postretirement cost for 
2013 by less than $1 million.

Pretax amounts that are expected to be reclassified from 

“Accumulated other comprehensive income” on the Consolidated 
Balance Sheets to retirement expense during 2014 related to 
unrecognized actuarial losses are $1 million and $1 million for 
retirement and postretirement healthcare plans, respectively.

a s s u mP t i o n s   —   The following weighted average assumptions 
were used to determine net periodic cost:

2013 

2012 

2011

United 
States  Netherlands 

  United 

States  Netherlands 

States  Netherlands

  United 

Discount rate 
Expected return  
  on plan assets 
Rate of  
  compensation  
  increases 

3.75% 

3.50%  4.50% 

5.25%  5.25%  5.25%

5.30% 

4.75%  5.75% 

5.25%  6.44%  5.25%

— 

3.50%  — 

3.50%  — 

3.50%

The following weighted average assumptions were used in 

estimating the actuarial present value of the plans’ benefit 
obligations:

2013 

2012 

2011

United 
States  Netherlands 

  United 

States  Netherlands 

States  Netherlands

  United 

Discount rate 
Rate of  
  compensation  
  increases 

4.50% 

3.50%  3.75% 

3.50%  4.50%  5.25%

— 

3.25%  — 

3.50%  — 

3.50%

The following weighted average assumptions were used in 
determining the actuarial present value of the South African 
Postretirement Healthcare Plan:

Discount rate 

  10.14% 

9.45%   

—

2013 

2012 

2011

e x P e c t e d   r e t u r n   o n   P l a n   a s s e t s   —   In forming the 
assumption of the U.S. long-term rate of return on plan assets, we 
took into account the expected earnings on funds already invested, 
earnings on contributions expected to be received in the current 
year, and earnings on reinvested returns. The long-term rate of 
return estimation methodology for U.S. plans is based on a capital 
asset pricing model using historical data and a forecasted earnings 
model. An expected return on plan assets analysis is performed 
which incorporates the current portfolio allocation, historical asset- 
class returns, and an assessment of expected future performance 
using asset-class risk factors. Our assumption of the long-term rate 
of return for The Netherlands Plan was developed considering the 
portfolio mix and country-specific economic data that includes the 
rates of return on local government and corporate bonds.

441446.Fin.cs5.indd   43

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2013 Annual Report  43

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

t r o n o x   l i m i t e d
(Millions of U.S. dollars, except share, per share and metric tons data or unless otherwise noted)

P l a n   a s s e t s   —   Asset categories and associated asset allocations for 
our funded retirement plans at December 31, 2013 and 2012:

United States:
  Equity securities 
  Debt securities 
  Cash and cash equivalents 
  Total 

Netherlands:
  Equity securities 
  Debt securities 
  Cash and cash equivalents 
  Total 

December 31, 2013 

December 31, 2012

Actual 

Target 

Actual 

Target

38% 
61 
1 

100% 

36% 
55 
9 

100% 

38% 
62 
— 
100% 

35% 
62 
3 
100% 

38% 
61 
1 
100% 

41% 
53 
6 
100% 

38%
62
—
100%

40%
55
5
100%

The Netherlands Plan is administered by a pension committee 

representing the employer, the employees, and the pensioners.  
The pension committee has six members, whereby three members 
are elected by the employer, two members are elected by the 
employees and one member is elected by the pensioners, and each 
member has one vote. The pension committee meets at least 
quarterly to discuss regulatory changes, asset performance, and asset 
allocation. The plan assets are managed by one Dutch fund manager 
against a mandate set at least annually by the pension committee.  
In accordance with policies set by the pension committee, a new 
fund manager was appointed effective December 1, 2006. 
Simultaneous with the change in fund manager, the asset allocation 
was modified using committee policy guidelines. The plan assets are 
evaluated annually by a multinational benefits consultant against 
state defined actuarial tests to determine funding requirements.

The U.S. plan is administered by a board-appointed committee 

The fair values of pension investments as of December 31, 2013 

are summarized below:

U.S. Pension

Fair Value Measurement at December 31, 2013, Using:

Quoted Prices 
in Active 
Markets for 
Identical Assets 
(Level 1) 

Significant 
Other 

Significant 
Observable  Unobservable 
Inputs 
(Level 3) 

Inu=puts 
(Level 2) 

Total

$ 104

3
11
10

$ — 

$ 104(1) 

$ — 

  — 
  — 
  — 

3(5) 
1(5) 
10(5) 

  — 
  10(4) 
  — 

  — 

  — 
$ 10 

141(2) 

  — 

  141

3(3) 

$ 262 

  — 

$ — 

3

$ 272

Asset category:
  Commingled Equity  
    Funds 
  Debt securities
    Corporate 
    Government 
    Mortgages 
    Commingled Fixed  
      Income Funds 
  Cash & cash equivalents
    Commingled Cash  
      Equivalents Fund 
Total at fair value 

(1) For commingled equity funds owned by the funds, fair value is based on observable 

inputs of comparable market transactions, which are Level 2 inputs.

(2) For commingled fixed income funds, fair value is based on observable inputs of 

comparable market transactions, which are Level 2 inputs.

(3) For commingled cash equivalents funds, fair value is based on observable inputs of 

comparable market transactions, which are Level 2 inputs.

(4) For government debt securities that are traded on active exchanges, fair value is 

based on observable quoted prices, which are Level 1 inputs.

(5) For corporate, government, and mortgage related debt securities, fair value is based 
on observable inputs of comparable market transactions, which are Level 2 inputs.

that has fiduciary responsibility for the plan’s management. The 
committee maintains an investment policy stating the guidelines for 
the performance and allocation of plan assets, performance review 
procedures and updating of the policy. At least annually, the U.S. 
plan’s asset allocation guidelines are reviewed in light of evolving 
risk and return expectations.

Substantially all of the plan’s assets are invested with nine  
equity fund managers, three fixed-income fund managers and  
one money-market fund manager. To control risk, equity fund 
managers are prohibited from entering into the following transac-
tions, (i) investing in commodities, including all futures contracts, 
(ii) purchasing letter stock, (iii) short selling, and (iv) option 
trading. In addition, equity fund managers are prohibited from 
purchasing on margin and are prohibited from purchasing Tronox 
securities. Equity managers are monitored to ensure investments  
are in line with their style and are generally permitted to invest in 
U.S. common stock, U.S. preferred stock, U.S. securities convertible 
into common stock, common stock of foreign companies listed  
on major U.S. exchanges, common stock of foreign companies listed 
on foreign exchanges, covered call writing, and cash and cash 
equivalents.

Fixed-income fund managers are prohibited from investing in  

(i) direct real estate mortgages or commingled real estate funds,  
(ii) private placements above certain portfolio thresholds, (iii) tax 
exempt debt of state and local governments above certain portfolio 
thresholds, (iv) fixed income derivatives that would cause leverage, 
(v) guaranteed investment contracts, and (vi) Tronox securities.  
They are permitted to invest in debt securities issued by the U.S. 
government, its agencies or instrumentalities, commercial paper 
rated A3/P3, FDIC insured certificates of deposit or bankers’ 
acceptances and corporate debt obligations. Each fund manager’s 
portfolio has an average credit rating of A or better.

44  Tronox Limited

441446.Fin.cs5.indd   44

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Netherlands Pension

Netherlands Pension

Fair Value Measurement at December 31, 2013, Using:

Fair Value Measurement at December 31, 2012, Using:

Quoted Prices 
in Active 
Markets for 
Identical Assets 
(Level 1) 

Significant 
Other 

Significant 
Observable  Unobservable 
Inputs 
(Level 3) 

Inu=puts 
(Level 2) 

Asset category:
  Equity securities –  
    Non-U.S. Pooled Funds 
  Debt securities –  
    Non-U.S. Pooled Funds 
  Cash 
Total at fair value 

$ — 

  — 
  — 
$ — 

$ 48(1) 

  70(2) 
8 

$ 126 

$ — 

  — 
  — 

$ — 

Total

$  48

  70
8

$ 126

Quoted Prices 
in Active 
Markets for 
Identical Assets 
(Level 1) 

Significant 
Other 

Significant 
Observable  Unobservable 
Inputs 
(Level 3) 

Inu=puts 
(Level 2) 

Asset category:
  Equity securities –  
    Non-U.S. Pooled Funds 
  Debt securities –  
    Non-U.S. Pooled Funds 
  Cash 
Total at fair value 

$ — 

  — 
  — 
$ — 

$  46(1) 

  60(2) 
6 
$ 112 

$ — 

  — 
  — 
$ — 

Total

$  46

  60
6
$ 112

(1) For equity securities in the form of fund units that are redeemable at the 

(1) For equity securities in the form of fund units that are redeemable at the 

measurement date, the unit value is deemed as a Level 2 input.

measurement date, the unit value is deemed as a Level 2 input.

(2) For pooled fund debt securities, the fair value is based on observable inputs, but do 
not solely rely on quoted market prices, and therefore are deemed Level 2 inputs.

(2) For pooled fund debt securities, the fair value is based on observable inputs, but do 
not solely rely on quoted market prices, and therefore are deemed Level 2 inputs.

The fair values of pension investments as of December 31, 2012 

d e f i n e d   c o n t r i b u t i o n   P l a n s

are summarized below:

U.S. Pension

Fair Value Measurement at December 31, 2012, Using:

Quoted Prices 
in Active 
Markets for 
Identical Assets 
(Level 1) 

Significant 
Other 

Significant 
Observable  Unobservable 
Inputs 
(Level 3) 

Inu=puts 
(Level 2) 

Asset category:
  Commingled Equity  
    Funds 
  Debt securities
    Corporate 
    Government 
    Mortgages 
    Commingled Fixed  
      Income Funds 
  Cash & cash equivalents
    Commingled Cash  
      Equivalents Fund 
Total at fair value 

$ — 

$ 110(1) 

  — 
  11(4) 
  — 

8(5) 
1(5) 
  16(5) 

  — 

  137(2) 

  — 
$ 11 

3(3) 

$ 275 

$ — 

  — 
  — 
  — 

  — 

  — 
$ — 

Total

$ 110

8
  12
  16

  137

3
$ 286

(1) For commingled equity funds owned by the funds, fair value is based on observable 

inputs of comparable market transactions, which are Level 2 inputs.

(2) For commingled fixed income funds, fair value is based on observable inputs of 

comparable market transactions, which are Level 2 inputs.

(3) For commingled cash equivalents funds, fair value is based on observable inputs of 

comparable market transactions, which are Level 2 inputs.

(4) For government debt securities that are traded on active exchanges, fair value is 

based on observable quoted prices, which are Level 1 inputs.

(5) For corporate, government, and mortgage related debt securities, fair value is based 
on observable inputs of comparable market transactions, which are Level 2 inputs.

u . s .   s a v i nG s   i n v e s t m e n t   P l a n
On March 30, 2006, we established the U.S. Savings Investment 
Plan (the “SIP”), a qualified defined contribution plan under section 
401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code. Under the SIP, our regular 
full-time and part-time employees contribute a portion of their 
earnings, and we match these contributions up to a predefined 
threshold. During 2013, our matching contribution was 100% of 
the first 6% of employee contributions. During 2011 and 2012,  
our matching contribution was 100% of the first 3% of employees’ 
contribution and 50% of the next 3%. Effective January 1, 2012, 
the Board increased the discretionary contribution to 7.5% of 
employee pay for 2012 from 6% during 2011. The discretionary 
contribution is subject to approval each year by the Board. Our 
matching contribution to the SIP vests immediately; however, our 
discretionary contribution is subject to vesting conditions that must 
be satisfied over a three year vesting period. Contributions under 
SIP, including our match, are invested in accordance with the 
investment options elected by plan participants. Compensation 
expense associated with our matching contribution to the SIP  
was $3 million, $2 million, and $2 million during 2013, 2012,  
and 2011, respectively. Compensation expense associated with  
our discretionary contribution was $4 million, $4 million, and  
$3 million during 2013, 2012, and 2011, respectively.

441446.Fin.cs5.indd   45

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2013 Annual Report  45

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

t r o n o x   l i m i t e d
(Millions of U.S. dollars, except share, per share and metric tons data or unless otherwise noted)

u . s .   s a v i nG s   r e s t o r a t i o n   P l a n
On March 30, 2006, we established the U.S. Savings Restoration 
Plan (the “SRP”), a nonqualified defined contribution plan, for 
employees whose eligible compensation is expected to exceed the 
IRS compensation limits for qualified plans. Under the SRP, 
participants can contribute up to 20% of their annual compensation 
and incentive. Our matching contribution under the SRP is the 
same as the SIP. Our matching contribution under this plan vests 
immediately to plan participants. Contributions under the SRP, 
including our match, are invested in accordance with the investment 
options elected by plan participants. Compensation expense 
associated with our matching contribution to the SRP was less  
than $1 million, $1 million, and $1 million during 2013, 2012,  
and 2011, respectively.

2 3 .   c a s h  f l o W s   s t a t e m e n t   d a t a

Other noncash items included in the reconciliation of net income to 
net cash flows from operating activities include the following:

Successor 

Eleven 
Months 
Ended 
Year Ended 
December 31,  December 31,  December 31, 
2011 

Year Ended 

2013 

2012 

Predecessor

One 
Month 
Ended 
January 31, 
2011

Amortization of fair  
  value inventory step-up  
  and unfavorable ore  
  contracts liability 
Net gain on liquidation  
  of non-operating  
  subsidiaries 
Accrued transfer taxes 
Other net adjustments 
  Total 

$ (32) 

$ 152 

$ — 

$ —

  (24) 
  — 
(1) 
$ (57) 

  — 
  37 
  12 
$ 201 

  — 
  — 
(7) 
$  (7) 

  —
  —
  —
$ —

Cash flows from investing and financing activities for 2013 
exclude $13 million related to new lease financing in “Capital 
expenditures” and “Proceeds from borrowings,” respectively.

2 4 .   r e l a t e d   P a r t Y   t r a n s a c t i o n s

Prior to the Transaction Date, Tronox Incorporated conducted 
transactions with Exxaro Australia Sands Pty Ltd, Tronox 
Incorporated’s 50% partner in the Tiwest Joint Venture. Tronox 
Incorporated purchased, at open market prices, raw materials used  
in its production of TiO2, as well as Exxaro Australia Sands Pty  
Ltd’s share of TiO2 produced by the Tiwest Joint Venture. Tronox 
Incorporated also provided administrative services and product 
research and development activities, which were reimbursed by 
Exxaro. During 2012 and 2011, Tronox Incorporated made 
payments of $173 million and $360 million, respectively, and 
received payments of $9 million and $8 million, respectively. 
Subsequent to the Transaction Date, such transactions are considered 
intercompany transactions and are eliminated in consolidation.

Subsequent to the Transaction, we have service level agreements 

with Exxaro for services such as tax preparation, information 
technology services, research and development, and treasury, which 
amounted to $5 million and $7 million during 2013 and 2012, 
respectively.

2 5 .   s e G m e n t   i n f o r m a t i o n

The reportable segments presented below represent our operating 
segments for which separate financial information is available and 
which is utilized on a regular basis by our chief operating decision 
maker to assess performance and to allocate resources. In identifying 
our reportable segments, we also considered the nature of services 
provided by our operating segments. We have two reportable 
segments, Mineral Sands and Pigment. Our Mineral Sands segment 
includes the exploration, mining, and beneficiation of mineral sands 
deposits, as well as heavy mineral production, and produces 
titanium feedstock, including chloride slag, slag fines, and rutile,  
as well as pig iron and zircon. Our Pigment segment primarily 
produces and markets TiO2. Corporate and Other is comprised  
of our electrolytic manufacturing and marketing operations, all of 
which are located in the United States, as well as our corporate 
activities.

46  Tronox Limited

441446.Fin.cs5.indd   46

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During 2013, our ten largest pigment customers and our ten 
largest third-party mineral sands customers represented approxi-
mately 27% and 13%, respectively, of net sales; however, no single 
customer accounted for more than 10% of total net sales.

Depreciation, amortization and depletion by segment was as 

follows:

Successor 

Eleven 
Months 
Ended 
Year Ended 
December 31,  December 31,  December 31, 
2011 

Year Ended 

2012 

2013 

Predecessor

One 
Month 
Ended 
January 31, 
2011

Mineral Sands segment 
Pigment segment 
Corporate and Other 
  Total 

$ 234 
  83 
16 
$ 333 

$ 125 
  71 
  15 
$ 211 

$ — 
  67 
  12 
$ 79 

$ —
  3
  1
$  4

Capital expenditures by segment were as follows:

Successor 

Eleven 
Months 
Ended 
Year Ended 
December 31,  December 31,  December 31, 
2011 

Year Ended 

2013 

2012 

Predecessor

One 
Month 
Ended 
January 31, 
2011

Mineral Sands segment 
Pigment segment 
Corporate and Other 
  Total 

$ 107 
  49 
16 
$ 172 

$  96 
  39 
  31 
$ 166 

$  — 
  117 
  16 
$ 133 

$ —
  4
  2
$  6

Segment performance is evaluated based on segment operating 

profit (loss), which represents the results of segment operations 
before unallocated costs, such as general corporate expenses not 
identified to a specific segment, environmental provisions, net of 
reimbursements, related to sites no longer in operation, interest 
expense, other income (expense), and income tax expense or benefit.

Net sales and income from operations by segment were as 

follows:

Successor 

Eleven 
Months 
Ended 
Year Ended 
December 31,  December 31,  December 31, 
2011 

Year Ended 

2013 

2012 

$ 1,103 
  1,169 
128 
(478) 
$ 1,922 

$  238 
(179) 
(70) 
14 
3 
(130) 
— 
— 
66 

$  760 
  1,246 
128 
(302) 
$ 1,832 

$  156 
57 
(139) 
(49) 
25 
(65) 
  1,055 
  — 
(7) 

$  160 
  1,327 
133 
(77) 
$ 1,543 

$ 

42 
323 
(54) 
(9) 
302 
(30) 
  — 
  — 
(10) 

Predecessor

One 
Month 
Ended 
January 31, 
2011

$  8
  89
  14
(3)
$ 108

$  2
  20
(1)
(1)
  20
(3)
  —
  613
2

(61) 

  1,008 

262 

  632

(29) 
(90) 

$ 

125 
$ 1,133 

(20) 
$  242 

(1)
$ 631

Mineral Sands segment 
Pigment segment 
Corporate and Other 
Eliminations 
  Net Sales (1) 

Mineral Sands segment 
Pigment segment 
Corporate and Other 
Eliminations 
  Income from operations 
Interest and debt expense 
Gain on bargain purchase 
Reorganization income 
Other income (expense) 
  Income (loss) before  
    income taxes 
Income tax benefit 
     (provision) 
  Net income (loss) 

(1) Net sales to external customers, by geographic region, based on country of 

production, were as follows:

Successor 

Eleven 
Months 
Ended 
Year Ended 
December 31,  December 31,  December 31, 
2011 

Year Ended 

2013 

2012 

Predecessor

One 
Month 
Ended 
January 31, 
2011

U.S. operations 
International operations:
  Australia 
  The Netherlands 
  South Africa 
    Total 

$  793 

$  843 

$  793 

  424 
  224 
481 
$ 1,922 

443 
248 
298 
$ 1,832 

475 
275 
  — 
$ 1,543 

$  60

  33
  15
  —
$ 108

441446.Fin.cs5.indd   47

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2013 Annual Report  47

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

t r o n o x   l i m i t e d
(Millions of U.S. dollars, except share, per share and metric tons data or unless otherwise noted)

Total assets by segment were as follows:

December 31, 

Mineral Sands segment 
Pigment segment 
Corporate and Other 
Eliminations 
  Total 

2013 

2012

$ 2,957 
  1,559 
  1,227 
(44) 
$ 5,699 

$ 3,164
  1,680
725
(58)
$ 5,511

consideration:
  Number of Class B Shares (1) 
  Fair value of Class B Shares on the Transaction Date 
  fair value of e Quit Y  issued  (2) 
  Cash paid 
  Noncontrolling interest (3) 

Valuation

  9,950,856
$ 137.70
$  1,370
1
233
$  1,604

Property, plant and equipment, net and mineral leaseholds, net, 

by geographic region, were as follows:

December 31, 

U.S. operations 
International operations:
  South Africa 
  Australia 
  The Netherlands 
    Total 

2013 

2012

$  203 

$  196

  1,008 
  1,208 
55 
$ 2,474 

  1,263
  1,348
55
$ 2,862

2 6 .   a c Q u i s i t i o n   o f   t h e   m i n e r a l   s a n d s 

b u s i n e s s

On September 25, 2011, Tronox Incorporated entered into the 
Transaction Agreement with Exxaro to acquire 74% of Exxaro’s 
mineral sands operations. We accounted for the Transaction under 
ASC 805, Business Combinations, (“ASC 805”), which requires 
recording assets and liabilities at fair value. Under the acquisition 
method of accounting, each tangible and separately identifiable 
intangible asset acquired and liability assumed was recorded based 
on their preliminary estimated fair values on the Transaction Date.
Because the total consideration transferred was less than the fair 

value of the net assets acquired, the excess of the fair value of the  
net assets acquired over the value of consideration was recorded as a 
bargain purchase gain. The valuations were derived from fair value 
assessments and assumptions used by management. The measure-
ment period ended in June 2013. The bargain purchase gain was not 
taxable for income tax purposes. See Note 6 for a discussion of the 
tax impact of the Transaction.

fair  value of  assets  acQ uired and  l iabilities  assum ed:
current  assets:
  Cash and cash equivalents 
  Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts 
  Inventories 
  Prepaid and other assets 
    total  c urrent  assets 
non current  assets:
  Property, plant and equipment, net (4) 
  Mineral leaseholds, net (5) 
  Intangibles, net (4) 
  Long-term deferred tax asset 
  Other long-term assets, net 
    total  a ssets 

$ 

115
196
553
20
884

880
  1,457
12
30
19
$  3,282

current  liabilities:
  Accounts payable 
  Accrued liabilities 
  Unfavorable contracts (6) 
  Short-term debt 
  Deferred tax liabilities 
  Income taxes payable 
    total  c urrent  liabilities 
non current  liabilities:
  Long-term debt 
  Long-term deferred tax liability 
  Asset retirement obligations 
  Other long-term liabilities 
    total  liabilities 
net  a ssets 
Gain on  bar Gain  Pu rchase 

$ 

110
25
85
75
14
2
311

19
209
57
27
623

$  2,659

$  1,055

(1) The number of Class B Shares issued in connection with the Transaction has not been 

restated to affect for the 5-for-1 share split as discussed in Note 19.

(2) The fair value of the Class B shares issued was determined based the closing market 

price of Tronox Incorporated’s common shares on June 14, 2012, less a 15% discount 
for marketability due to a restriction that the shares cannot be sold for a period of at 
least three years following the Transaction Date.

(3) The fair value of the noncontrolling interest is based upon a structured arrangement 

with Tronox Limited, which allows the ownership interest to be exchanged for 
approximately 1.45 million additional Class B shares on the earlier of the 10 year 
anniversary of the Transaction Date or the date when the South African Department 
of Mineral Resources determines that ownership is no longer required under the  
BEE legislation.

(4) The fair value of property, plant and equipment and internal use software was 

determined using the cost approach, which estimates the replacement cost of each 
asset using current prices and labor costs, less estimates for physical, functional  
and technological obsolescence.

(5) The fair value of mineral rights was determined using the Discounted Cash Flow 
(“DCF”) method, which was based upon the present value of the estimated future 
cash flows for the expected life of the asset taking into account the relative risk  
of achieving those cash flows and the time value of money. Discount rates of 17%  
for South Africa and 15.5% for Australia were used taking into account the risks 
associated with such assets, as well as the economic and political environment  
where each asset is located.

(6) The fair value of unfavorable contracts was determined by multiplying the 

committed tonnage in each contract by the difference between the committed prices 
in the contract versus the estimated market price over the term of the contract.

48  Tronox Limited

441446.Fin.cs5.indd   48

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2 7 .   e m e r G e n c e   f r o m   c h a P t e r   1 1

On January 12, 2009, the petition date, Tronox Incorporated and 
certain of its subsidiaries (collectively, the “Debtors”) filed voluntary 
petitions in the U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District  
of New York (the “Bankruptcy Court”) seeking reorganization relief 
under the provisions of Chapter 11 of Title 11 of the United States 
Code (the “Bankruptcy Code”). The Debtors’ Chapter 11 cases were 
consolidated for the purpose of joint administration.

In May 2009, we commenced an adversary proceeding in  
the Bankruptcy Court against Kerr-McGee and its new parent, 
Anadarko, related to the 2005 Spin-Off of Tronox (Tronox Inc.  
v. Anadarko (In re Tronox Inc.), 09-1198, U.S. Bankruptcy  
Court, Southern District New York (Manhattan)) (the “Anadarko 
Litigation”). Pursuant to the Plan, we assigned the rights to any 
pre-tax proceeds that may be recovered in the Anadarko Litigation 
to our creditors.

On November 30, 2010 (the “Confirmation Date”), the 

Bankruptcy Court entered an order confirming the Debtors’ First 
Amended Joint Plan of Reorganization pursuant to Chapter 11 of 
the Bankruptcy Code, dated November 5, 2010 (as amended and 
confirmed, the “Plan”). Material conditions to the Plan were resolved 
during the period from the Confirmation Date until January 26, 
2011, and subsequently, on February 14, 2011 (the “Effective 
Date”), the Debtors emerged from bankruptcy and continued 
operations as reorganized Tronox Incorporated. On June 13, 2013, 
the Bankruptcy Court entered a Final Decree and ordered that  
the bankruptcy cases, other than the adversary proceedings with 
Anadarko, be closed.

On December 12, 2013, the Bankruptcy Court ruled in the  
case of Tronox Incorporated vs. Anadarko. Ruling in favor of the 
plaintiff, the Bankruptcy Court found that Kerr-McGee acted with 
intent to delay, and hinder Tronox’s creditors when it spun off 
Tronox Incorporated. The court held Anadarko liable and indicated 
ultimate damages in the range of $5 billion to $14 billion, subject 
to a set off against claims that Anadarko filed as a creditor in  
Tronox Incorporated’s 2009 bankruptcy filing. The value of those 
claims will be determined following the submission of additional 
court papers.

Tronox will receive no immediate or direct benefit from such 
ruling. Instead, 88% of the judgment will go to trusts and other 
governmental entities to remediate polluted sites. The remaining 12 
percent of any funds ultimately received will be distributed to a tort 
trust to compensate individuals injured as a result of Kerr-McGee’s 
environmental failures.

Tronox received a private letter ruling from the U.S. Internal 
Revenue Service confirming that the trusts that held the claims 
against Anadarko are grantor trusts of Tronox solely for federal 
income tax purposes. As a result, subject to a final damages 
determination by the court and potential appeal, Tronox Limited 
should be entitled to tax deductions equal to the amount spent  
by the trusts to remediate environmental matters and to compensate 
the injured individuals. These deductions will accrue over the life  
of the trusts as the funds received by the judgment are spent.  
Tronox believes that these expenditures and the accompanying tax 
deductions may continue for decades, and therefore, it expects that 
this tax benefit may continue for a lengthy period.

2 8 .   G u a r a n t o r   c o n d e n s e d   c o n s o l i d a t i n G 

f i n a n c i a l   s t a t e m e n t s

Our obligations under the Senior Notes are fully and uncondition-
ally guaranteed on a senior unsecured basis, jointly and severally,  
by each current and future U.S. restricted subsidiary, other than 
excluded subsidiaries that guarantee any indebtedness of Tronox 
Limited or our restricted subsidiaries. Our subsidiaries that do not 
guarantee the Senior Notes are referred to as the “Non-Guarantor 
Subsidiaries.” The Guarantor Condensed Consolidating Financial 
Data presented below presents the statements of operations, 
statements of comprehensive income, balance sheets and statements 
of cash flow data for: (i) Tronox Limited (the “Parent Company”),  
the Guarantor Subsidiaries and the Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries on a 
consolidated basis (which is derived from Tronox historical reported 
financial information); (ii) the Parent Company, alone (accounting 
for our Guarantor Subsidiaries and the Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries 
on an equity basis under which the investments are recorded by each 
entity owning a portion of another entity at cost, adjusted for the 
applicable share of the subsidiary’s cumulative results of operations, 
capital contributions and distributions, and other equity changes); 
(iii) the Guarantor Subsidiaries alone; and, (iv) the Non-Guarantor 
Subsidiaries alone.

The guarantor condensed consolidating financial statements are 

presented on a legal entity basis, not on a business segment basis.

441446.Fin.cs5.indd   49

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2013 Annual Report  49

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

t r o n o x   l i m i t e d
(Millions of U.S. dollars, except share, per share and metric tons data or unless otherwise noted)

G u a r a n t o r   c o n d e n s e d   c o n s o l i d a t i n G   s t a t e m e n t s   o f   o P e r a t i o n s
Year Ended December 31, 2013

(Millions of U.S. dollars) 

Consolidated 

Eliminations 

Parent Company 

Guarantor 
Subsidiaries 

Non-Guarantor 
Subsidiaries

net   sales 
Cost of goods sold 
G ros s Profit 
Selling, general and administrative expenses 
In co me ( l oss) from  oP erations 
Interest and debt expense 
Other income (expense) 
Equity in earnings of subsidiary 
income ( lo ss) be fore  income  t axes 
Income tax benefit (provision) 
net   i n co me ( loss) 
Income attributable to noncontrolling interest 
net   i n co me ( loss) attributable to   t ronox  limited 

$ 1,922 
1,732 

190 
(187) 

3 
(130) 
66 
— 

(61) 
(29) 

(90) 
36 

$  (126) 

$ (330) 
(337) 

7 
4 

11 
  — 
(43) 
  473 

441 
  — 

441 
  — 

$  441 

$  — 
— 

  — 
(34) 

(34) 
  547 
1 
  (473) 

41 
(166) 

(125) 
  — 

$  (125) 

$ 1,297 
1,242 

55 
(113) 

(58) 
(644) 
(14) 
— 

(716) 
168 

(548) 
36 

$  (584) 

$ 955
827

  128
(44)

  84
(33)
  122
  —

  173
(31)

  142
  —

$ 142

G u a r a n t o r   c o n d e n s e d   c o n s o l i d a t i n G   s t a t e m e n t s   o f   o P e r a t i o n s
Year Ended December 31, 2012

(Millions of U.S. dollars) 

Consolidated 

Eliminations 

Parent Company 

Guarantor 
Subsidiaries 

Non-Guarantor 
Subsidiaries

net   s ales 
Cost of goods sold 
G ros s Profit 
Selling, general and administrative expenses 
income ( lo ss) from  oP erations 
Interest and debt expense 
Other income (expense) 
Gain on bargain purchase 
Equity in earnings of subsidiary 
income ( lo ss) be fore  income  t axes 
Income tax benefit (provision) 
Net Income (Loss) 
Loss attributable to noncontrolling interest 
net   i n co me ( loss) attributable to   t ronox  limited 

$ 1,832 
  1,568 
264 
(239) 
25 
(65) 
(7) 
  1,055 
  — 
  1,008 
125 
  1,133 
(1) 
$ 1,134 

$  (153) 
(104) 
(49) 
4 
(45) 
  — 
432 
  — 
  1,142 
  1,529 
  — 
  1,529 
  — 
$ 1,529 

$  — 
— 
— 
(98) 
(98) 
297 
(95) 
  1,055 
(1,144) 
15 
(60) 
(45) 
— 
(45) 

$ 

$ 1,340 
  1,057 
283 
(115) 
168 
(356) 
(337) 
  — 
2 
(523) 
139 
(384) 
(1) 
$  (383) 

$ 645
  615
  30
(30)
  —
(6)
(7)
  —
  —
(13)
  46
  33
  —
$  33

50  Tronox Limited

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G u a r a n t o r   c o n d e n s e d   c o n s o l i d a t i n G   s t a t e m e n t s   o f   o P e r a t i o n s
Eleven Months Ended December 31, 2011

(Millions of U.S. dollars) 

Consolidated 

Eliminations 

Parent Company 

Guarantor 
Subsidiaries 

Non-Guarantor 
Subsidiaries

net   s ales 
Cost of goods sold 
G ros s Profit 
Selling, general and administrative expenses 
Litigation/arbitration settlement 
Environmental remediation and restoration  
  reimbursements, net 
income ( loss) from  oP erations 
Interest and debt expense 
Other income (expense) 
Equity in earnings of subsidiary 
income ( loss) be fore  income  t axes 
Income tax benefit (provision) 
net   i n co m e  ( l o ss) 

$ 1,543 
1,104 
439 
(152) 
10 

5 
302 
(30) 
(10) 
  — 
262 
(20) 
$  242 

$  9 
22 
(13) 
3 
  — 

  — 
  (10) 
  — 
  31 
  (72) 
  (51) 
  — 
$ (51) 

$ — 
— 
— 
  — 
  — 

  — 
  — 
  — 
  — 
  — 
  — 
  — 
$ — 

$ 1,207 
856 
351 
(142) 
10 

5 
224 
(20) 
(35) 
72 
241 
6 
$  247 

$ 327
226
101
(13)
  —

  —
  88
(10)
(6)
  —
  72
(26)
$  46

G u a r a n t o r   c o n d e n s e d   c o n s o l i d a t i n G   s t a t e m e n t s   o f   o P e r a t i o n s
One Month Ended January 31, 2011

(Millions of U.S. dollars) 

Consolidated 

Eliminations 

Parent Company 

Guarantor 
Subsidiaries 

Non-Guarantor 
Subsidiaries

net   s ales 
Cost of goods sold 
G ros s Profit 
Selling, general and administrative expenses 
income f rom  oP erations 
Interest and debt expense 
Other income 
Equity in earnings of subsidiary 
income ( loss) be fore  income  t axes 
Income tax benefit (provision) 
net   i n co me ( loss) 

$ 108 
83 
25 
(5) 
20 
(3) 
  615 
  — 
  632 
(1) 
$ 631 

$ (23) 
(22) 
(1) 
1 
  — 
  — 
2 
(63) 
(61) 
  — 
$ (61) 

$ — 
  — 
  — 
  — 
  — 
  — 
  — 
  — 
  — 
  — 
$ — 

$ 111 
  89 
  22 
(5) 
  17 
(3) 
  550 
  63 
  627 
(1) 
$ 626 

$ 20
  16
  4
(1)
  3
  —
  63
  —
  66
  —
$ 66

441446.Fin.cs5.indd   51

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2013 Annual Report  51

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

t r o n o x   l i m i t e d
(Millions of U.S. dollars, except share, per share and metric tons data or unless otherwise noted)

G u a r a n t o r   c o n d e n s e d   c o n s o l i d a t i n G   s t a t e m e n t s   o f   c o m P r e h e n s i v e   i n c o m e
Year Ended December 31, 2013

(Millions of U.S. dollars) 

Consolidated 

Eliminations 

Parent Company 

Guarantor 
Subsidiaries 

Non-Guarantor 
Subsidiaries

net   i n co me ( loss):
  Net Income (Loss) 
o t her  c o m Prehensive  income ( l oss):
  Foreign currency translation adjustments 
  Pension and postretirement plans 
o t her c om Prehensive income (loss) 
t o tal  co m Prehensive  income ( l oss) 

c om Prehe n sive   income ( l oss)  a ttributable   

  t o  no nc on trol linG interest:
  Net income 
  Foreign currency translation adjustments 
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to  
  noncontrolling interest 

c om Prehe n sive   income ( l oss)  a ttributable   

  t o  tro no x  limited 

$  (90) 

  (289) 
  30 
  (259) 
  (349) 

36 
(70) 

(34) 

$ (315) 

$ 441 

  — 
  — 

  — 

  441 

  — 
  — 

  — 

$ 441 

$ (125) 

  — 
  — 

  — 

  (125) 

  — 
  — 

  — 

$ (548) 

23 
26 

49 

  (499) 

36 
(70) 

(34) 

$  142

  (312)
4

  (308)

  (166)

  —
  —

  —

$ (125) 

$ (465) 

$ (166)

G u a r a n t o r   c o n d e n s e d   c o n s o l i d a t i n G   s t a t e m e n t s   o f   c o m P r e h e n s i v e   i n c o m e
Year Ended December 31, 2012

(Millions of U.S. dollars) 

Consolidated 

Eliminations 

Parent Company 

Guarantor 
Subsidiaries 

Non-Guarantor 
Subsidiaries

net   i n co me ( loss):
  Net Income (Loss) 
o t her  c o m Prehensive  income ( l oss):
  Foreign currency translation adjustments 
  Pension and postretirement plans 
o t her c om Prehensive income (loss) 
t o tal  co m Prehensive  income ( l oss) 

c om Prehe n sive   income ( l oss)  a ttributable   

  t o  no nc on trol linG interest:
  Net loss 
  Foreign currency translation adjustments 
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to  
  noncontrolling interest 

c om Prehe n sive   income ( l oss)  a ttributable   
  t o  tro no x  limited 

$ 1,133 

11 
(48) 
(37) 
  1,096 

(1) 
1 

  — 

$ 1,096 

$ 1,529 

19 
  — 
19 
  1,548 

  — 
  — 

  — 

$ 1,548 

$ (45) 

  — 
  — 
  — 
  (45) 

  — 
  — 

  — 

$ (45) 

$ (384) 

(2) 
(47) 
(49) 
  (433) 

(1) 
1 

  — 

$ (433) 

$ 33

  (6)
  (1)
  (7)
  26

  —
  —

  —

$ 26

52  Tronox Limited

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G u a r a n t o r   c o n d e n s e d   c o n s o l i d a t i n G   s t a t e m e n t s   o f   c o m P r e h e n s i v e   i n c o m e
Eleven Months Ended December 31, 2011

(Millions of U.S. dollars) 

Consolidated 

Eliminations 

Parent Company 

Guarantor 
Subsidiaries 

Non-Guarantor 
Subsidiaries

net   i n co me ( loss):
  Net Income (Loss) 
o t her  c o m Pre hensive   income ( l oss):
  Foreign currency translation adjustments 
  Pension and postretirement plans 
o t her c om Pre hensive  income (loss) 
t o tal  co m Pre hensive  income ( l oss) 

$ 242 

(6) 
  (51) 
  (57) 
$ 185 

$ (51) 

  — 
  — 
  — 
$ (51) 

$ — 

  — 
  — 
  — 
$ — 

$ 247 

 (130) 
(37) 
 (167) 
$  80 

$  46

  124
  (14)
  110
$ 156

G u a r a n t o r   c o n d e n s e d   c o n s o l i d a t i n G   s t a t e m e n t s   o f   c o m P r e h e n s i v e   i n c o m e
One Month Ended January 31, 2011

(Millions of U.S. dollars) 

Consolidated 

Eliminations 

Parent Company 

Guarantor 
Subsidiaries 

Non-Guarantor 
Subsidiaries

net   i n co me ( loss):
  Net Income (Loss) 
o t her  c o m Pre hensive   income ( l oss):
  Foreign currency translation adjustments 
  Pension and postretirement plans 
o t her c om Pre hensive  income (loss) 
t o tal  co m Pre hensive  income ( l oss) 

$ 631 

1 
(1) 
  — 
$ 631 

$ (61) 

  — 
  — 
  — 
$ (61) 

$ — 

  — 
  — 
  — 
$ — 

$ 626 

  — 
  — 
  — 
$ 626 

$ 66

  1
  (1)
  —
$ 66

441446.Fin.cs5.indd   53

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2013 Annual Report  53

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

t r o n o x   l i m i t e d
(Millions of U.S. dollars, except share, per share and metric tons data or unless otherwise noted)

G u a r a n t o r   c o n d e n s e d   c o n s o l i d a t i n G   b a l a n c e   s h e e t s
As of December 31, 2013

(Millions of U.S. dollars) 

Consolidated 

Eliminations 

Parent Company 

Guarantor 
Subsidiaries 

Non-Guarantor 
Subsidiaries

ass ets
Cash and cash equivalents 
Investment in subsidiaries 
Other current assets 
Property, plant and equipment, net 
Mineral leaseholds, net 
Other long-term assets 
  t o tal  ass et s 

liab i litie s   and   e Q uit Y
Current liabilities 
Long-term debt 
Other long-term liabilities 
  t o tal  lia bi lities 
t o tal  eQ u it Y 
  t o tal  lia bi lities and  eQ uit Y 

$ 1,478 
— 
1,175 
  1,258 
1,216 
572 

$ 5,699 

$  363 
  2,395 
504 
  3,262 
  2,437 
$ 5,699 

$ 

— 
(952) 
(9,645) 
— 
— 
— 

$ (10,597) 

$  (2,333) 
(7,268) 
— 

(9,601) 
(996) 

$ (10,597) 

$ 
179 
  (1,095) 
  6,599 
— 
— 
88 

$  5,771 

$  658 
825 
— 

1,483 
  4,288 

$  5,771 

$ 1,094 
  1,590 
  2,125 
710 
701 
376 

$ 6,596 

$  1,801 
  7,272 
236 

  9,309 
  (2,713) 

$ 6,596 

$  205
457
  2,096
548
515
108

$ 3,929

$  237
  1,566
268

  2,071
  1,858

$ 3,929

G u a r a n t o r   c o n d e n s e d   c o n s o l i d a t i n G   b a l a n c e   s h e e t s
As of December 31, 2012

(Millions of U.S. dollars) 

Consolidated 

Eliminations 

Parent Company 

Guarantor 
Subsidiaries 

Non-Guarantor 
Subsidiaries

ass ets
Cash and cash equivalents 
Investment in subsidiaries 
Other current assets 
Property, plant and equipment, net 
Mineral leaseholds, net 
Other long-term assets 
  t o tal  ass et s 

liab i litie s   and   e Q uit Y
Current liabilities 
Long-term debt 
Other long-term liabilities 
  t o tal  lia bi lities 
t o tal  eQ u it Y 
  t o tal  lia bi lities and  eQ uit Y 

$  716 
  — 
  1,457 
  1,423 
  1,439 
476 
$ 5,511 

$  467 
  1,605 
557 
  2,629 
  2,882 
$ 5,511 

$  — 
  (1,595) 
  (8,298) 
  — 
  — 
  — 
$ (9,893) 

$ (1,023) 
  (7,223) 
  — 
  (8,246) 
  (1,647) 
$ (9,893) 

$  533 
(622) 
  6,047 
  — 
  — 
(3) 
$ 5,955 

$  560 
882 
  — 
  1,442 
  4,513 
$ 5,955 

85 
$ 
  1,760 
  2,178 
748 
796 
398 
$ 5,965 

$  574 
  7,188 
249 
  8,011 
 (2,046) 
$ 5,965 

$ 

98
457
  1,530
675
643
81
$ 3,484

$  356
758
308
  1,422
  2,062
$ 3,484

54  Tronox Limited

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G u a r a n t o r   c o n d e n s e d   c o n s o l i d a t i n G   s t a t e m e n t s   o f   c a s h   f l o W s
Year Ended December 31, 2013

(Millions of U.S. dollars) 

Consolidated 

Eliminations 

Parent Company 

Guarantor 
Subsidiaries 

Non-Guarantor 
Subsidiaries

c ash   f lo Ws from  oP eratin G  activities
Net income (loss) 
Other 
  Cash provided by (used in) operating activities 

c ash   f lo Ws from  i nvestin G  activities:
Capital expenditures 
Proceeds from the sale of assets 
Cash used in investing activities 

c ash   f lo Ws from  f inancin G  activities
Repayments of debt 
Proceeds from borrowings 
Debt issuance costs 
Dividends paid 
Proceeds from the conversion of warrants 
Cash provided by (used in) financing activities 

eff ec t s of  exchan Ge  rate   c han Ges on  cash and 
  c ash  eQ uivalents 
net   i n cre ase ( decrease) in  cash and  cash  eQuivalents 
c ash  a nd  cash  eQuivalents at  beG innin G  of Period 
c ash  a nd  cash  eQuivalents at  end of Period 

$ 

(90) 
427 

337 

(172) 
1 

(171) 

(189) 
945 
(29) 
(115) 
2 

614 

(18) 

762 
716 

$ 1,478 

$  441 
  (441) 

  — 

  — 
  — 

  — 

  — 
  — 
  — 
  — 
  — 

  — 

  — 

  — 
  — 

$  — 

$ (125) 
(116) 

  (241) 

  — 
  — 

  — 

  — 
  — 
  — 
(115) 
2 

(113) 

  — 

  (354) 
  533 

$  179 

$  (548) 
  1,628 

  1,080 

(71) 
— 

(71) 

— 
— 
— 
— 
— 

— 

— 

  1,009 
85 

$ 1,094 

$  142
  (644)

  (502)

(101)
1

  (100)

  (189)
  945
(29)
  —
  —

  727

(18)

107
98

$  205

G u a r a n t o r   c o n d e n s e d   c o n s o l i d a t i n G   s t a t e m e n t s   o f   c a s h   f l o W s
Year Ended December 31, 2012

(Millions of U.S. dollars) 

Consolidated 

Eliminations 

Parent Company 

Guarantor 
Subsidiaries 

Non-Guarantor 
Subsidiaries

c ash   f lo Ws from  oP eratin G  activities
Net income (loss) 
Gain on bargain purchase 
Other 
  Cash provided by (used in) operating activities 

c ash   f lo Ws from  i nvestin G  activities:
Capital expenditures 
Net cash received in acquisition of mineral sands  
business 
Cash provided by (used in) investing activities 

c ash   f lo Ws from  f inancin G  activities
Repayments of debt 
Proceeds from borrowings 
Debt issuance costs 
Dividends paid 
Proceeds from the exercise of warrants 
Merger consideration 
Class A ordinary shares repurchased 
Shares purchased for the Employee Participation Plan 
Cash provided by (used in) financing activities 

eff ec t s of  exchan Ge  rate   c han Ges on  cash and 
  c ash  eQ uivalents 

net   i n cre ase ( decrease) in  cash and  cash  eQuivalents  
c ash  a nd  cash  eQuivalents at  beG innin G  of Period 
c ash  a nd  cash  eQuivalents at  end of Period 

$ 1,133 
  (1,055) 
40 
118 

(166) 

114 
(52) 

(585) 
  1,707 
(38) 
(61) 
1 
(193) 
(326) 
(15) 
490 

6 
562 
154 
$  716 

$ 1,529 
  — 
  (1,529) 
  — 

  — 

  — 
  — 

  — 
  — 
  — 
  — 
  — 
  — 
  — 
  — 
  — 

  — 
  — 
  — 
$  — 

(45) 
$ 
  (1,055) 
  2,098 
998 

  — 

114 
114 

  — 
  — 
  — 
(61) 
1 
(193) 
(326) 
  — 
(579) 

  — 
533 
  — 
$  533 

$ (384) 
  — 
(14) 
  (398) 

(89) 

  — 
(89) 

  (481) 
  960 
(19) 
  — 
  — 
  — 
  — 
  — 
  460 

8 
(19) 
  104 
$  85 

$  33
  —
  (515)
  (482)

(77)

  —
(77)

  (104)
  747
(19)
  —
  —
  —
  —
(15)
  609

(2)
48
50
$  98

441446.Fin.cs5.indd   55

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2013 Annual Report  55

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

t r o n o x   l i m i t e d
(Millions of U.S. dollars, except share, per share and metric tons data or unless otherwise noted)

G u a r a n t o r   c o n d e n s e d   c o n s o l i d a t i n G   s t a t e m e n t s   o f   c a s h   f l o W s
Eleven Months Ended December 31, 2011

(Millions of U.S. dollars) 

Consolidated 

Eliminations 

Parent Company 

Guarantor 
Subsidiaries 

Non-Guarantor 
Subsidiaries

c ash   f lo Ws  from  oP eratin G  activities
Net income (loss) 
Other 
  Cash provided by operating activities 

c ash   f lo Ws  from  i nvestin G  activities:
Capital expenditures 
Proceeds from the sale of assets 
Cash used in investing activities 

c ash   f lo Ws  from  f inancin G  activities
Repayments of debt 
Proceeds from borrowings 
Debt issuance costs and commitment fees 
Proceeds from the exercise of warrants 
Cash used in financing activities 

eff ec t s of  exchan Ge  rate   c han Ges on  cash and   
  c ash  eQ u ivalents 
net   i n cre as e in  c ash and  c ash  eQ uivalents 
c ash  a nd  c as h  eQuivalents at  beG innin G  of Pe riod 
c ash  a nd  c as h  eQuivalents at  end of Period 

$  242 
21 
  263 

  (133) 
1 
  (132) 

(45) 
14 
(5) 
1 
(35) 

(3) 
93 
61 
$  154 

$ (51) 
  51 
  — 

  — 
  — 
  — 

  — 
  — 
  — 
  — 
  — 

  — 
  — 
  — 
$  — 

$ — 
  — 
  — 

  — 
  — 
  — 

  — 
  — 
  — 
  — 
  — 

  — 
  — 
  — 
$ — 

$ 247 
(36) 
  211 

 (125) 
1 
 (124) 

(45) 
  14 
(5) 
1 
(35) 

  — 
  52 
  52 
$ 104 

$ 46
  6
  52

(8)
  —
(8)

  —
  —
  —
  —
  —

(3)
  41
  9
$ 50

G u a r a n t o r   c o n d e n s e d   c o n s o l i d a t i n G   s t a t e m e n t s   o f   c a s h   f l o W s
One Months Ended January 1, 2011

(Millions of U.S. dollars) 

Consolidated 

Eliminations 

Parent Company 

Guarantor 
Subsidiaries 

Non-Guarantor 
Subsidiaries

c ash   f lo Ws  from  oP eratin G  activities
Net income (loss) 
Reorganization items 
Other 
  Cash used in operating activities 

c ash   f lo Ws  from  i nvestin G  activities:
Capital expenditures 
Cash used in investing activities 

c ash   f lo Ws  from  f inancin G  activities
Proceeds from borrowings 
Debt issuance costs 
Proceeds from the rights offering 
Cash provided by financing activities 

eff ec t s of  exchan Ge  rate   c han Ges on  cash and   
  c ash  eQ u ivalents 
net   d ec reas e in  c ash and  c ash  eQ uivalents 
c ash  a nd  c as h  eQuivalents at  beG innin G  of Pe riod 
c ash  a nd  c as h  eQuivalents at  end of Period 

$ 631 
  (954) 
40 
  (283) 

(6) 
(6) 

25 
(2) 
  185 
  208 

  — 
(81) 
  142 
$  61 

$ (61) 
  — 
  61 
  — 

  — 
  — 

  — 
  — 
  — 
  — 

  — 
  — 
  — 
$  — 

$ — 
  — 
  — 
  — 

  — 
  — 

  — 
  — 
  — 
  — 

  — 
  — 
  — 
$ — 

$ 626 
  (954) 
61 
  (267) 

(6) 
(6) 

25 
(2) 
  185 
  208 

  — 
(65) 
  117 
$  52 

$ 66
  —
  (82)
  (16)

  —
  —

  —
  —
  —
  —

  —
  (16)
  25
$  9

56  Tronox Limited

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2 9 .   Q u a r t e r lY   r e s u l t s   o f   o P e r a t i o n s 

( u n a u d i t e d )
The following represents our unaudited quarterly results for the year 
ended December 31, 2013. These quarterly results were prepared in 
conformity with generally accepted accounting principles and reflect 
all adjustments that are, in the opinion of management, necessary 
for a fair statement of the results.

Net sales 
Cost of goods sold 
Gross Profit 
Net income (loss) 
Net income (loss)  
  attributable to  
  noncontrolling interest 

net   i n co m e  ( l o ss)   

  at tri bu t able to   
  t ronox  limited 

January 1 – 
March 31 

April 1 – 
June 30  September 30  December 31

July 1 –  October 1 – 

$  470 
  438 
32 
(45) 

$ 

$  525 
  475 

50 
(1) 

$ 

$  491 
  437 

54 
(41) 

$ 

$  436
382

54
(3)

$ 

12 

12 

8 

4

$ 

(57) 

$  (13) 

$  (49) 

$ 

(7)

Net income (loss) per share:
  Basic 
  Diluted 

$ (0.50) 
$ (0.50) 

$ (0.11) 
$ (0.11) 

$ (0.43) 
$ (0.43) 

$ (0.06)
$ (0.06)

The following represents our unaudited quarterly results for  
the year ended December 31, 2012. These quarterly results were 
prepared in conformity with generally accepted accounting 
principles and reflect all adjustments that are, in the opinion of 
management, necessary for a fair statement of the results. Subsequent 
to the Transaction, we adjusted the initial valuation, and recorded 
these adjustments retroactive to the second quarter. As such, the 
quarterly results of operations for the second and third quarter have 
been revised.

Net sales 
Cost of goods sold 
Gross Profit 
Net income (loss) 
Net income (loss)  
  attributable to  
  noncontrolling interest 

net  i ncome ( loss)   

  attributable to   
  tronox limited 

January 1 – 
March 31 

April 1 – 
June 30  September 30  December 31

July 1 –  October 1 – 

$ 434 
  277 
  157 
$  86 

$  429 
304 
125 
$ 1,144 

$  487 
  444 
43 
(1) 

$ 

$  482
  543
(61)
(96)

$ 

  — 

  — 

2 

(3)

$  86 

$ 1,144 

$ 

(3) 

$ 

(93)

Net income (loss) per share:
  Basic 
  Diluted 

$ 1.14 
$ 1.10 

$ 13.46 
$ 13.00 

$ (0.03) 
$ (0.03) 

$ (0.82)
$ (0.82)

The sum of the quarterly per share amounts may not equal the 
annual per share amounts due to relative changes in the weighted 
average number of shares used to calculate net income (loss) per share.

c o m P a r i s o n   o f   1 8 - m o n t h   c u m u l a t i v e   t o t a l   r e t u r n *
Among Tronox Limited, the S&P 500 Index, the S&P Diversified Chemicals Index, and the S&P Materials Index

S&P MATERIALS

S&P DIVERSIFIED CHEMICALS

S&P 500

TRONOX LIMITED

200

150

100

50

6/12

6/12

7/12

8/12

9/12

10/12

11/12

12/12

1/13

2/13

3/13

4/13

5/13

6/13

7/13

8/13

9/13

10/13

11/13

12/13

* $100 invested on 6/18/12 in stock or 5/31/12 in index, including reinvestment of dividends. 

Fiscal year ending December 31.

2013 Annual Report  57

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Management’s Report of Internal Controls 
Over Financial Reporting

Management of Tronox Limited and its subsidiaries is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal controls over 
financial reporting. Internal controls over financial reporting is a process designed under the supervision of our principal executive and 
principal financial officers to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of the 
Company’s financial statements for external purposes in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.

Our internal controls over financial reporting include those policies and procedures that:

•	 pertain	to	the	maintenance	of	records	that,	in	reasonable	detail,	accurately	and	fairly	reflect	the	transactions	and	dispositions	of	the	 

assets of the Company;

•	 provide	reasonable	assurance	that	transactions	are	recorded	as	necessary	to	permit	preparation	of	financial	statements	in	accordance	 
with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, and that our receipts and expenditures are being made only in accordance with 
authorizations of the Company’s management and directors; and

•	 provide	reasonable	assurance	regarding	prevention	or	timely	detection	of	unauthorized	acquisition,	use	or	disposition	of	our	assets	that	

could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Management assessed the effectiveness of our internal controls over financial reporting as of December 31, 2013. In making this 
assessment, management used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) 
in the 1992 Internal Control – Integrated Framework. Based on management’s assessment and those criteria, management believes that  
the Company maintained effective internal controls over financial reporting as of December 31, 2013.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal controls over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Projections  

of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in 
conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

Our independent registered public accounting firm, Grant Thornton LLP, audited our internal controls over financial reporting as  

of December 31, 2013 as stated in their report which appears under “Reports of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.”

58  Tronox Limited

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Report of Independent Registered  
Public Accounting Firm

b o a r d   o f   d i r e c t o r s   a n d   s h a r e h o l d e r s 

t r o n o x   l i m i t e d

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Tronox Limited and subsidiaries (the Company) as of December 31, 
2013 and 2012 (Successor), and the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income (loss), shareholders’ equity,  
and cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012 (Successor), the eleven months ended December 31, 2011 (Successor) and 
the one month ended January 31, 2011 (Predecessor). These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management.  
Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States).  
Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free 
of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial 
statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as 
evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of 
Tronox Limited and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2013 and 2012 (Successor), and the results of its operations and its cash flows for  
the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012 (Successor), the eleven months ended December 31, 2011 (Successor) and the one month 
ended January 31, 2011 (Predecessor) in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
As discussed in Note 2 and 27 to the consolidated financial statements, Tronox Incorporated and certain of its subsidiaries 
(“Predecessor”) filed voluntary petitions for reorganization under Chapter 11 of Title 11 of the United States Bankruptcy Code on 
January 12, 2009. Material conditions to the Company’s Plan of Reorganization were resolved on January 26, 2011 and the Company 
subsequently emerged from bankruptcy protection. In connection with its emergence from bankruptcy, the Company adopted the 
guidance for fresh start accounting in accordance with FASB Accounting Standards Codification 852, Reorganizations, as of January  
31, 2011.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States),  

the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2013, based on criteria established in the 1992 Internal Control –  
Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO), and our report dated 
February 27, 2014 expressed an unqualified opinion.

Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
February 27, 2014

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2013 Annual Report  59

Report of Independent Registered  
Public Accounting Firm

b o a r d   o f   d i r e c t o r s   a n d   s h a r e h o l d e r s 

t r o n o x   l i m i t e d

We have audited the internal control over financial reporting of Tronox Limited and subsidiaries (the Company) as of December 31, 2013, 
based on criteria established in the 1992 Internal Control – Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations  
of the Treadway Commission (COSO). The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial 
reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management’s 
Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal 
control over financial reporting based on our audit.

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States).  
Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over 
financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over 
financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of 
internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances.  
We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of 

financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting 
principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance 
of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide 
reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally 
accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations 
of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthor-
ized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections 

of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in 
conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 

2013, based on criteria established in the 1992 Internal Control – Integrated Framework issued by COSO.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States),  

the consolidated financial statements of the Company as of and for the year ended December 31, 2013, and our report dated February 27, 
2014 expressed an unqualified opinion on those financial statements.

Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
February 27, 2014

60  Tronox Limited

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Directors and Executive Management

t r o n o x   l i m i t e d   b o a r d   o f   d i r e c t o r s

t r o n o x   l i m i t e d   m a n a G e m e n t   t e a m

t o m   c a s e Y
Chairman & Chief Executive Officer,
Tronox Limited

d a n i e l   b l u e  1, 2, 3
Senior Commercial Partner, 
Holding Redlich

a n d r e W   P .   h i n e s  1*
Executive Vice President & Chief Financial Officer, 
Sonar Entertainment

W aY n e   a .   h i n m a n  2, 3*
Former V.P. and G.M.,
Air Products & Chemicals, Inc.

P e t e r   J o h n s t o n  3
Head of Global Nickel Assets, 
Glencore

i l a n   k a u f t h a l  1, 2, 3
Chairman,
East Wind Advisors

W i m   d e   k l e r k
Finance Director & Board Member,
Exxaro Resources Limited

s i P h o   n k o s i 
Chief Executive Officer & Board Member,
Exxaro Resources Limited

J e f f r Y   n .   Q u i n n  2*
Chairman, Chief Executive Officer,
The Quinn Group, LLC and Quinpario Partners, LLC

c o m m i t t e e s

1. Audit
2. Human Resources and Compensation
3. Corporate Governance and Nominating

*  Committee Chair

t o m   c a s e Y *
Chairman & Chief Executive Officer

J e a n - f r a nÇ o i s   t u r G e o n *
Executive Vice President

t r e v o r   a r r a n *
Senior Vice President & President, Mineral Sands

J o h n   d .   r o m a n o *
Senior Vice President & President, Pigment & Electrolytic

W i l l e m   v a n   n i e k e r k *
Senior Vice President, Strategic Planning and  
Business Development

k a t h e r i n e   c .    h a r P e r *
Senior Vice President & Chief Financial Officer

r i c h a r d   l .   m u G l i a *
Senior Vice President, General Counsel & Corporate Secretary

c h u c k   m a n c i n i
Senior Vice President, Chief Integration & Performance Officer

s o n J a   n a r c i s s e
Senior Vice President, Chief Human Resources Officer

b u d   G r e b e Y
Vice President, Communications

m a c h i e l   k e e G e l
Vice President, Strategy

k e v i n   v .   m a h o n e Y
Vice President & Controller

l a l i t   P a n d a
Vice President & Chief Information Officer

s c o t t   P r e s t o n
Vice President, Global Supply Chain & Chief Procurement Officer

* Tronox Officer

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2013 Annual Report  61

Shareholder Information

s h a r e h o l d e r   i n f o r m a t i o n
Tronox Limited is a public company registered under the laws  
of the State of Western Australia, Australia. We have global 
operations in North America, Europe, Africa, and Australia.

t r a n s f e r   a G e n t   a n d   r e G i s t r a r
Computershare Trust Company, N.A. is the transfer agent, 
registrar and dividend disbursing agent for Tronox’s common 
stock. Questions and communications regarding transfer  
of stock, dividends and address changes should be directed to:

c o r P o r a t e   o f f i c e s
Australia:
Tronox Limited
1 Brodie Hall Drive
Technology Park
Bentley, Western Australia 6102
+61 (0)8 9365 1333

United States:
Tronox Limited
Suite 1100
263 Tresser Boulevard
Stamford, Connecticut 06901
+203.705.3800

This report is made available to shareholders in advance of the 
annual meeting of shareholders to be held at 9 a.m. EDT,  
May 21, 2014, in Stamford, Connecticut. The proxy will be  
made available to shareholders on or about April 13, 2014,  
at which time proxies for the meeting will be requested.

Information about Tronox, including financial information,  
can be found on our Web site: www.tronox.com.

s t o c k  l i s t i n G
New York Stock Exchange

t i c k e r   s Y m b o l
TROX

Shareholder correspondence should be mailed to:
Computershare
P.O. Box 30170
College Station, TX, USA 77842-3170
+781.575.2879
+800.884.4225
TDD +312.588.4110

Overnight correspondence should be sent to:
Computershare
211 Quality Circle, Suite 210
College Station, TX, USA 77845

Shareholder website
www.computershare.com/investor

Shareholder online inquiries
https://www-us.computershare.com/investor/Contact

c e r t i f i c a t i o n s
Tronox has included as Exhibit 31 to its Annual Report on  
Form 10-k for fiscal year 2013 filed with the Securities and 
Exchange Commission certificates of its Chief Executive Officer 
and Chief Financial Officer certifying, among other things,  
the information contained in the Form 10-k.

Annually Tronox submits to the New York Stock Exchange 
(NYSE) a certificate of Tronox’s Chief Executive Officer certifying 
that he was not aware of any violation by Tronox of NYSE 
corporate governance listing standards as of the date of the 
certification.

e l e c t r o n i c   a c c e s s
Copies of the Tronox 2013 Annual Report, the proxy, and the 
2013 International Financial Report Standards (IFRS) statement 
are available at https://materials.proxyvote.com/Q9235V. The 
company’s IFRS statement will be available to shareholders not 
later than April 30, 2014. A copy of the company’s Form 10-k and 
other filings with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission 
are available at investor.tronox.com/sec.cfm

s h a r e h o l d e r   i n f o r m a t i o n
Our Internet site www.tronox.com provides shareholders easy 
access to Tronox’s financial results. Shareholders may also  
contact Brennen Arndt, Vice President, Investor Relations at 
+203.705.3800.

62  Tronox Limited

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2013 Tronox Highlights

t r o n o x   l i m i t e d
(All monetary units in this report are in US$ unless otherwise noted)

k e y   a c c o m p l i s h m e n t s   i n   2 0 1 3

t r o n o x   l o c a t i o n s   a r o u n d   t h e   W o r l d

•	 Total	net	sales	of	$1.922 billion, an increase of 5 percent over 2012
•	 Continued	vertical	integration	of	the	company’s	titanium	feedstock	and	TiO2 

pigment production

•	 Appointment	of	a	new	Chief	Financial	Officer,	Chief	Information	Officer,	 

and an Executive Vice President

•	 Dividends	totaling	$115 million issued to shareholders
•	 Successful	financing	of	a	$1.5 billion senior secured loan
•	 Reduced	planned	operating	expenses	by	more	than	$100 million

•	 Investment	in	sustainable	technologies	such	as	upgraded	control	systems	 

to	drive	efficiency	gains	while	reducing	our	environmental	impact

•	 Construction	began	on	the	Fairbreeze	Mine	in	South	Africa

Stamford, CT

Oklahoma City, OK

Henderson, NV

Hamilton, MS

Namakwa Sands, S.A.

Botlek,
the Netherlands

Shanghai,
China

Singapore

Western
Australia

KZN Sands, S.A.

Sandton, S.A.

t a b l e   o f   c o n t e n t s

Letter to Shareholders 

Far & wide 

Our Performance  

Under any condition  

Corporate Citizenship  

Tronox Values 

Financials 

2

4

6

7

12

16

17

Board of Directors and Executive Management   61

Shareholder Information  

62

Tronox and its operating unit names, logos, and product service designators are  
either the registered or unregistered trademarks or trade names of Tronox Limited  
and its subsidiaries.

The company that printed our annual report, Universal|Wilde,  
is certified by the Rainforest Alliance to the Forest Stewardship 
Council™ (FSC®) standard. The plant uses only vegetable-based inks 
and it recycles 100% of the excess papers generated by the printing and 
finishing process including trims, corrugated and office waste.

Design: SVP Partners, Wilton, CT
Tronox Location Photography: 
Tjalling Jan Raukema – the Netherlands
Peta North – Australia
Fred Welch, Dave Smith – United States
Graeme Robinson, Meyer Productions – South Africa

A Brighter Future – From the Ground Up

t r o n o x   l i m i t e d

C o r p o r A t e   o f f iC e s

Australia
Tronox Limited
1 Brodie Hall-Drive
Bentley
Western Australia 6102
+61-8-9365-1348

United States
263 Tresser Boulevard
Suite 1100
Stamford, CT 06901
+1-203-705-3800
sustainability@tronox.com

www.tronox.com

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A Brighter Future – From the Ground Up

t r o n o x   l i m i t e d

C o r p o r A t e   o f f iC e s

Unique advantages.

Australia
Tronox Limited
1 Brodie Hall-Drive
Bentley
Western Australia 6102
+61-8-9365-1348

United States
263 Tresser Boulevard
Suite 1100
Stamford, CT 06901
+1-203-705-3800
sustainability@tronox.com

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A Brighter Future – From the Ground Up

t r o n o x   l i m i t e d

C o r p o r A t e   o f f iC e s

Unique advantages.

Australia
Tronox Limited
1 Brodie Hall-Drive
Bentley
Western Australia 6102
+61-8-9365-1348

United States
263 Tresser Boulevard
Suite 1100
Stamford, CT 06901
+1-203-705-3800
sustainability@tronox.com

t r o n o x   l i m i t e d
2 0 1 3   A n n u A l   r e p o r t

Unique advantages.

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www.tronox.com

a b o u t   t h e   c o v e r s   |  The cover you see on this copy of the Tronox 2013	Annual	Report	
is actually one of three covers, each featuring a Tronox employee.

Inspector Lloyd Browne on the job at Botlek Pigment Plant in Botlek, Netherlands

Operator Leonie van den Haak at Botlek Pigment Plant in Botlek, Netherlands

Business	Improvement	Analayst	Lusapho Tom at the Namakwa Sands smelter in Saldanha, 
South	Africa.

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A Brighter Future – From the Ground Up

t r o n o x   l i m i t e d

C o r p o r A t e   o f f i C e s

Australia
1 Brodie Hall-Drive
Bentley
Western Australia 6102
+61-(0)8-9365-1333

United States
263 Tresser Boulevard
Suite 1100
Stamford, CT 06901
+1-203-705-3800

www.tronox.com

t r o n o x   l i m i t e d
2 0 1 3   A n n u A l   r e p o r t

Unique advantages.

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