UDR Annual Report 2020 | Quarterlytics

Plain-text annual report

Table of Contents UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION Washington, D.C. 20549 Form 10-K ☑ ☐ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020 OR For the transition period from to Commission file number 1-10524 (UDR, Inc.) Commission file number 333-156002-01 (United Dominion Realty, L.P.) UDR, Inc. United Dominion Realty, L.P. (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) Maryland (UDR, Inc.) Delaware (United Dominion Realty, L.P.) (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) 54-0857512 54-1776887 (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) 1745 Shea Center Drive, Suite 200, Highlands Ranch, Colorado 80129 (Address of principal executive offices) (zip code) Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (720) 283-6120 Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: Title of Each Class Common Stock, $0.01 par value Trading Symbol(s) UDR Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered New York Stock Exchange Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None (Title of Class) Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. UDR, Inc. United Dominion Realty, L.P. Yes ☑ Yes ◻ Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. UDR, Inc. United Dominion Realty, L.P. Yes ◻ Yes ◻ No ◻ No þ No þ No þ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. UDR, Inc. United Dominion Realty, L.P. Yes þ Yes þ No ◻ No ◻ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). UDR, Inc. United Dominion Realty, L.P. Yes þ Yes þ No ◻ No ◻ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.: UDR, Inc.: Large Accelerated Filer þ United Dominion Realty, L.P.: Large Accelerated Filer ◻ Accelerated Filer ◻ Non-Accelerated Filer ◻ Accelerated Filer ◻ Non-Accelerated Filer þ Smaller Reporting Company ☐ Emerging Growth Company ☐ Smaller Reporting Company ☐ Emerging Growth Company ☐ If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ◻ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. UDR, Inc. United Dominion Realty, L.P. Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). UDR, Inc. United Dominion Realty, L.P. Yes þ Yes ☐ Yes ☐ Yes ☐ No ☐ No þ No þ No þ The aggregate market value of the shares of common stock of UDR, Inc. held by non-affiliates on June 30, 2020 was approximately $5.8 billion. This calculation excludes shares of common stock held by the registrant’s officers and directors and each person known by the registrant to beneficially own more than 5% of the registrant’s outstanding shares, as such persons may be deemed to be affiliates. This determination of affiliate status should not be deemed conclusive for any other purpose. As of February 16, 2021, there were 296,820,995 shares of UDR, Inc.’s common stock outstanding. There is no public trading market for the partnership units of United Dominion Realty, L.P. As a result, an aggregate market value of the partnership units of United Dominion Realty, L.P. cannot be determined. DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE Table of Contents The information required by Part III of this Report, to the extent not set forth herein, is incorporated by reference from UDR, Inc.’s definitive proxy statement for the 2020 Annual Meeting of Stockholders. TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE Table of Contents PART I Item 1. Business Item 1A. Risk Factors Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments Item 2. Properties Item 3. Legal Proceedings Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures PART II Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities Item 6. Selected Financial Data Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure Item 9A. Controls and Procedures Item 9B. Other Information PART III Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance Item 11. Executive Compensation Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence Item 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services PART IV Item 15. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules Item 16. Form 10-K Summary 4 15 31 32 33 33 34 36 37 67 67 67 67 68 69 69 69 69 69 70 78 Table of Contents EXPLANATORY NOTE This Report combines the annual reports on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020 of UDR, Inc., a Maryland corporation, and United Dominion Realty, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership, of which UDR, Inc. is the parent company and sole general partner. Unless the context otherwise requires, all references in this Report to “we,” “us,” “our,” the “Company,” “UDR” or “UDR, Inc.” refer collectively to UDR, Inc., together with its consolidated subsidiaries and joint ventures, including United Dominion Realty, L.P. and UDR Lighthouse DownREIT L.P. (the “DownREIT Partnership”), also a Delaware limited partnership of which UDR is the sole general partner. Unless the context otherwise requires, the references in this Report to the “Operating Partnership” or the “OP” refer to United Dominion Realty, L.P., together with its consolidated subsidiaries. “Common stock” refers to the common stock of UDR and “stockholders” means the holders of shares of UDR’s common stock and preferred stock. The limited partnership interests of the Operating Partnership and the DownREIT Partnership are referred to as “OP Units” and “DownREIT Units,” respectively, and the holders of the OP Units and DownREIT Units are referred to as “unitholders.” This combined Form 10-K is being filed separately by UDR and the Operating Partnership. There are a number of differences between the Company and the Operating Partnership, which are reflected in our disclosures in this Report. UDR is a real estate investment trust (“REIT”), whose most significant asset is its ownership interest in the Operating Partnership. UDR also conducts business through other subsidiaries, including its taxable REIT subsidiary (“TRS”). UDR acts as the sole general partner of the Operating Partnership, holds interests in subsidiaries and joint ventures, owns and operates properties, issues securities from time to time and guarantees debt of certain of our subsidiaries. The Operating Partnership conducts the operations of a substantial portion of the business and is structured as a partnership with no publicly traded equity securities. The Operating Partnership has guaranteed certain outstanding debt of UDR. As of December 31, 2020, UDR owned 0.1 million units (100%) of the general partnership interests of the Operating Partnership and 176.1 million OP Units, representing approximately 95.3% of the total outstanding OP Units in the Operating Partnership. UDR conducts a substantial amount of its business and holds a substantial amount of its assets through the Operating Partnership, and, by virtue of its ownership of the OP Units and UDR’s role as the Operating Partnership’s sole general partner, UDR has the ability to control all of the day-to-day operations of the Operating Partnership. Separate financial statements and accompanying notes, as well as separate discussions under “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” “Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchasers of Equity Securities” and “Control and Procedures” are presented in this report for each of UDR and the Operating Partnership. In addition, certain disclosures in “Business” are separated by entity to the extent that the discussion relates to UDR’s business outside of the Operating Partnership. Table of Contents Forward-Looking Statements PART I This Report contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Such forward-looking statements include, without limitation, statements concerning property acquisitions and dispositions, development activity and capital expenditures, capital raising activities, rent growth, occupancy, rental expense growth and expected or potential impacts of the novel coronavirus disease (“COVID-19”) pandemic. Words such as “expects,” “anticipates,” “intends,” “plans,” “likely,” “will,” “believes,” “seeks,” “estimates,” and variations of such words and similar expressions are intended to identify such forward-looking statements. Such statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors which may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from the results of operations or plans expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. Such factors include, among other things, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and measures intended to prevent its spread or address its effects, unfavorable changes in the apartment market, changing economic conditions, the impact of inflation/deflation on rental rates and property operating expenses, expectations concerning the availability of capital and the stability of the capital markets, the impact of competition and competitive pricing, acquisitions, developments and redevelopments not achieving anticipated results, delays in completing developments and redevelopments, delays in completing lease-ups on schedule or at expected rent and occupancy levels, expectations on job growth, home affordability and demand/supply ratio for multifamily housing, expectations concerning development and redevelopment activities, expectations on occupancy levels and rental rates, expectations concerning joint ventures and partnerships with third parties, expectations that automation will help grow net operating income, and expectations on annualized net operating income. The following factors, among others, could cause our future results to differ materially from those expressed in the forward-looking statements: ● the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and measures intended to prevent its spread or address its effects; ● general economic conditions; ● unfavorable changes in apartment market and economic conditions that could adversely affect occupancy levels and rental rates, including as a result of COVID-19; ● the failure of acquisitions to achieve anticipated results; ● possible difficulty in selling apartment communities; ● competitive factors that may limit our ability to lease apartment homes or increase or maintain rents; ● insufficient cash flow that could affect our debt financing and create refinancing risk; ● failure to generate sufficient revenue, which could impair our debt service payments and distributions to stockholders; ● development and construction risks that may impact our profitability; ● potential damage from natural disasters, including hurricanes and other weather-related events, which could result in substantial costs to us; ● risks from climate change that impacts our properties or operations; ● risks from extraordinary losses for which we may not have insurance or adequate reserves; ● risks from cybersecurity breaches of our information technology systems and the information technology systems of our third party vendors and other third parties; ● uninsured losses due to insurance deductibles, self-insurance retention, uninsured claims or casualties, or losses in excess of applicable coverage; 1 Table of Contents ● delays in completing developments and lease-ups on schedule; ● our failure to succeed in new markets; ● risks that third parties who have an interest in or are otherwise involved in projects in which we have an interest, including mezzanine borrowers, joint venture partners or other investors, do not perform as expected; ● changing interest rates, which could increase interest costs and affect the market price of our securities; ● potential liability for environmental contamination, which could result in substantial costs to us; ● the imposition of federal taxes if we fail to qualify as a REIT under the Code in any taxable year; ● our internal control over financial reporting may not be considered effective which could result in a loss of investor confidence in our financial reports, and in turn have an adverse effect on our stock price; and ● changes in real estate laws, tax laws, rent control or stabilization laws or other laws affecting our business. A discussion of these and other factors affecting our business and prospects is set forth in Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors. We encourage investors to review these risk factors. Although we believe that the assumptions underlying the forward-looking statements contained herein are reasonable, any of the assumptions could be inaccurate, and therefore such statements included in this Report may not prove to be accurate. In light of the significant uncertainties inherent in the forward-looking statements included herein, the inclusion of such information should not be regarded as a representation by us or any other person that the results or conditions described in such statements or our objectives and plans will be achieved. Forward-looking statements and such risks, uncertainties and other factors speak only as of the date of this Report, and we expressly disclaim any obligation or undertaking to update or revise any forward-looking statement contained herein, to reflect any change in our expectations with regard thereto, or any other change in events, conditions or circumstances on which any such statement is based, except to the extent otherwise required by law. Summary of Risk Factors Our business is subject to a number of risks, including risks that may prevent us from achieving our business objectives or may adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows and prospects. These risks are discussed more fully in Item 1A. Risk Factors herein. These risks include, but are not limited to, the following: ● The Ongoing COVID-19 Pandemic and Measures Intended to Prevent its Spread Could Have a Material Adverse Effect on our Business, Results of Operations, Cash Flows and Financial Condition. ● Unfavorable Apartment Market and Economic Conditions Could Adversely Affect Occupancy Levels, Rental Revenues and the Value of Our Real Estate Assets. ● The Geographic Concentration of Our Communities in Certain Markets Could Have an Adverse Effect on Our Operations if a Particular Market is Adversely Impacted by Economic or Other Conditions. ● We May Be Unable to Renew Leases or Relet Apartment Units as Leases Expire, or the Terms of Renewals or New Leases May Be Less Favorable Than Current Leases. ● Competition Could Limit Our Ability to Lease Apartment Homes or Increase or Maintain Rents. ● We May Not Realize the Anticipated Benefits of Past or Future Acquisitions, and the Failure to Integrate Acquired Communities and New Personnel Successfully Could Create Inefficiencies. ● Competition Could Adversely Affect Our Ability to Acquire Properties. ● Development and Construction Risks Could Impact Our Profitability. ● Bankruptcy or Defaults of Our Counterparties Could Adversely Affect Our Performance. 2 Table of Contents ● We Could Incur Significant Insurance Costs and Some Potential Losses May Not Be Adequately Covered by Insurance. ● ● ● The Adoption of, or Changes to, Rent Control, Rent Stabilization, Eviction, Tenants’ Rights and Similar Laws and Regulations in Our Markets Could Have an Adverse Effect on Our Results of Operations and Property Values. Insufficient Cash Flow Could Affect Our Debt Financing and Create Refinancing Risk. Failure to Generate Sufficient Income Could Impair Debt Service Payments and Distributions to Stockholders. ● Changing Interest Rates Could Increase Interest Costs and Adversely Affect Our Cash Flow and the Market Price of Our Securities. ● Failure To Maintain Our Current Credit Ratings Could Adversely Affect Our Cost of Funds, Related Margins, Liquidity, and Access to Capital Markets. ● Disruptions in Financial Markets May Adversely Impact Availability and Cost of Credit and Have Other Adverse Effects on Us and the Market Price of UDR’s Stock. ● We Would Incur Adverse Tax Consequences if UDR Failed to Qualify as a REIT. ● Changes in Market Conditions and Volatility of Stock Prices Could Adversely Affect the Market Price of UDR’s Common Stock. ● We May Change the Dividend Policy for UDR’s Common Stock in the Future. ● Limitations on Share Ownership and Limitations on the Ability of UDR’s Stockholders to Effect a Change in Control of Our Company Restricts the Transferability of UDR’s Stock and May Prevent Takeovers That are Beneficial to UDR’s Stockholders. 3 Table of Contents Item 1. BUSINESS General UDR is a self-administered real estate investment trust, or REIT, that owns, operates, acquires, renovates, develops, redevelops, disposes of, and manages multifamily apartment communities generally located in high barrier-to-entry markets throughout the United States. The high barrier-to-entry markets are characterized by limited land for new construction, difficult and lengthy entitlement processes, low single-family home affordability and strong employment growth potential. At December 31, 2020, our consolidated real estate portfolio consisted of 149 communities located in 21 markets, consisting of 48,283 completed apartment homes, which are held directly or through our subsidiaries, including the Operating Partnership and the DownREIT Partnership, and consolidated joint ventures. In addition, we have an ownership interest in 5,295 completed or to- be-completed apartment homes through unconsolidated joint ventures or partnerships, including 2,165 apartment homes owned by entities in which we hold preferred equity investments. At December 31, 2020, the Company was developing five wholly- owned communities totaling 1,378 homes, 202 of which have been completed. At December 31, 2020, the Operating Partnership’s consolidated real estate portfolio included 53 communities located in 15 markets, with a total of 17,174 completed apartment homes. The Operating Partnership owns, operates, acquires, renovates, develops, redevelops, disposes of, and manages multifamily apartment communities generally located in high barrier-to-entry markets located throughout the United States. During the year ended December 31, 2020, rental revenues of the Operating Partnership represented approximately 35% of our total rental revenues. UDR has elected to be taxed as a REIT under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, which we refer to in this Report as the “Code.” To continue to qualify as a REIT, we must continue to meet certain tests which, among other things, generally require that our assets consist primarily of real estate assets, our income be derived primarily from real estate assets, and that we distribute at least 90% of our REIT taxable income (other than our net capital gains) to our stockholders annually. As a REIT, we generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income taxes at the corporate level on our net income to the extent we distribute such net income to our stockholders annually. In 2020, we declared total distributions of $1.44 per common share and paid dividends of $1.4225 per common share. First Quarter Second Quarter Third Quarter Fourth Quarter Total $ Dividends Declared in 2020 0.3600 0.3600 0.3600 0.3600 1.4400 $ Dividends Paid in 2020 0.3425 0.3600 0.3600 0.3600 1.4225 $ $ UDR was formed in 1972 as a Virginia corporation. In June 2003, we changed our state of incorporation from Virginia to Maryland. The Operating Partnership is the successor-in-interest to United Dominion Realty, L.P., a limited partnership formed under the laws of Virginia, which commenced operations in 1995. The Operating Partnership was redomiciled in 2004 as a Delaware limited partnership. Our corporate offices are located at 1745 Shea Center Drive, Suite 200, Highlands Ranch, Colorado and our telephone number is (720) 283-6120. Our website is www.udr.com. The information contained on our website, including any information referred to in this Report as being available on our website, is not a part of or incorporated into this Report. Human Capital Management As of February 16, 2021, we had 1,263 full-time associates and 8 part-time associates, all of whom were employed by UDR. Of such number 994 associates are employed in roles that are located at or that are solely related to our communities and the remainder are employed in corporate roles. Recruiting and retaining our associates, as well as assisting them in their professional development, are critically important in successfully managing our business. UDR’s culture is one based on innovation, inclusion, empowerment, adaptability, and execution, and understanding and maintaining our culture is fundamental to recruiting and retaining associates. To that end, in 2020 we updated our culture statement and launched an associate facing culture website to ensure that our associates understand our culture and have an opportunity to participate in its evolution. 4 Table of Contents Associate Compensation Attracting, developing, and retaining high-quality, and diverse associates across our business is critical to the long-term success of the Company. A crucial factor in ensuring this occurs is compensation practices that are attractive and that are fair and non-biased. We use a number of recruiting methods depending on the job function for which candidates are needed including an associate referral program, internet-based recruiting platforms, and third-party recruiting agencies. With respect to compensation, we utilize market surveys and other third party information when determining salary ranges and we design our compensation programs to include bonus potential in order to incentivize performance. In addition, we annually evaluate and analyze our compensation on gender and diversity bases for each job title in order to monitor pay equity and to identify areas for further action. The results of our evaluation and analysis are provided annually to our Board of Directors. Associate Growth and Development We believe that training is important to our associates’ job satisfaction, is essential to furthering their effectiveness, and assists in associate career advancement and retention, helping us to create a more efficient workforce. Accordingly, we offer a wide variety of training opportunities. In addition to required training designed to address regulatory and statutory matters (e.g., harassment, cybersecurity, fair housing, etc.), associates have the option of participating in management development through our Certified Manager and Career Mobility Programs. These programs are designed to enable our associates to acquire skills that will be useful to them as they progress in their career. Our training program also includes annual “refreshment” training, as appropriate. In total, there are over 5,000 courses available to our associates. Examples of program topics include: leasing skills, basic property maintenance, customer service, project management, and system applications. In 2020, we enhanced our training through creating a better process to ensure required training is taken in a timely manner and by increasing or modifying training availability and training programs, including in the areas of safety and cybersecurity. Certifications are important in the apartment business and we encourage our associates to become professionally certified in areas that interest them and are beneficial to the Company. Certifications range from master’s degree programs to certified property manager programs, to technical licenses for HVAC systems, all of which equip our associates with knowledge and the potential for career-expansion opportunities. UDR offers partial tuition reimbursement related to attaining these certifications. Each UDR associate is required to engage in an annual performance review with their direct supervisor. Among other things, the performance review establishes the associate’s training plans for the upcoming year and provides feedback on career development for each associate. In addition, we monitor associate turnover and take action when issues are identified if appropriate. Diversity and Inclusion We are committed to creating and maintaining a diverse and inclusive workplace environment that supports the development and advancement of all associates. As of December 31, 2020, our total workforce is 61% male and 39% female. The ethnicity of our workforce is 55% White, 26% Hispanic/Latino, 11% Black, 3% Asian and 5% Other. “Other” includes: American Indian, Alaska Native, Native Hawaiian, Pacific Islander, Not Specified or two or more races. As of December 31, 2020, our management team (associates with the title of community director or director and higher job classifications) is 45% male and 55% female. The ethnicity of our management team is 80% White and 20% non-White. Over the three-year period ending December 31, 2020, 740 associates were promoted. Of the associates that were promoted to the positions of community director, director, or a higher job classification during the period, 60% were female and 15% were non-White. 5 Table of Contents Associate Engagement and Outreach We conduct an associate engagement survey every two years, which surveys all associates on a variety of issues. In our 2019 survey, the results showed that 97% of associates are proud to work at the Company, 87% of associates feel that people from diverse backgrounds can succeed at the Company, and 84% of associates feel that the Company is innovative. We believe that our associates should also be involved in their communities and that we should assist with those efforts. In 2019, UDR provided 2,558 hours of paid time off for our associates to be used for volunteer work with more than 25 local organizations that make a difference in the communities in which we operate. UDR provides paid time off during specified, Company-wide volunteer days in 2019 and our associates responded with a 25% year-over-year increase in volunteer hours. While the COVID-19 pandemic negatively affected the program in 2020, we intend to continue it when we are able. COVID-19 and Employee Safety, Health and Wellness The safety, health and wellness of our associates is a top priority. The COVID-19 pandemic presented a unique challenge with regard to maintaining associate safety, health and wellness while continuing to operate our business. During the pandemic, through the adaptability of our management and our associates, we were and continue to be able to transition to a work schedule allowing employees to work from remote locations and provide a safe working environment for associates performing resident-facing activities at our communities. We have taken a number of actions to promote the health and well-being of our associates during the pandemic and to ensure that our associates understand their value to the Company. Among other things, we have: ● ● ● ● ● ● asked all associates not to come to work (and to work remotely, if possible) when they experienced or have been in contact with others who experienced signs or symptoms of a possible COVID-19 infection; provided up to two weeks of paid time off if an associate had an absence due to having COVID-19 symptoms or a COVID-19 diagnosis or are caring for others who have COVID-19 symptoms or a COVID-19 diagnosis; provided flexible work arrangements; provided a one-time bonus for the front-line associates at our communities; increased communication internally, including frequent calls or webinars with our associates and our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer; and offered a vacation buy-back program twice during 2020 whereby associates could sell a portion of their accrued but unused vacation back to the Company. In addition, in connection with on-going efforts with respect to associate health and well-being in 2020, we created and distributed to all associates a brochure setting forth the mental health programs that our associates may access. We also provide all associates with the opportunity to participate in a wide set of employee benefits, including health, dental and vision insurance coverage. Reporting Segments We report in two segments: Same-Store Communities and Non-Mature Communities/Other. Our Same-Store Communities segment represents those communities acquired, developed, and stabilized prior to January 1, 2019, and held as of December 31, 2020. These communities were owned and had stabilized occupancy and operating expenses as of the beginning of the prior year, there is no plan to conduct substantial redevelopment activities, and the communities are not classified as held for disposition at year end. A community is considered to have stabilized occupancy once it achieves 90% occupancy for at least three consecutive months. Our Non-Mature Communities/Other segment represents those communities that do not meet the criteria to be included in Same-Store Communities, including, but not limited to, recently acquired, developed and redeveloped communities, and the non-apartment components of mixed use properties. For additional information regarding our operating segments, see Note 16, Reportable Segments, in the Notes to the UDR Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Report and Note 12, Reportable Segments, in the Notes to the Operating Partnership’s Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Report. 6 Table of Contents Business Objectives Our principal business objective is to maximize the economic returns of our apartment communities to provide our stockholders with the greatest possible total return and value. To achieve this objective, we intend to continue to pursue the following goals and strategies: ● own and operate apartments in high barrier-to-entry markets, which are characterized by limited land for new construction, difficult and lengthy entitlement processes, low single-family home affordability and strong employment growth potential, thus enhancing stability and predictability of returns to our stockholders; ● manage real estate cycles by taking an opportunistic approach to buying, selling, renovating, redeveloping, and developing apartment communities; ● empower site associates to manage our communities efficiently and effectively; ● measure and reward associates based on specific performance targets; and ● manage our capital structure to help enhance predictability of liquidity, earnings and dividends. 2020 Highlights Commitment to Shareholders ● In July 2020, the Company marked its 48th year as a REIT and, in October 2020, paid its 192nd consecutive quarterly dividend. The Company’s annualized declared 2020 dividend of $1.44 represented a 5.1% increase over the previous year. Property Operations ● Net income attributable to common stockholders was $60.0 million as compared to $180.9 million in the prior year. The decrease was primarily driven by an increase in depreciation expense and interest expense in 2020 and a decrease in gains on the sale of unconsolidated real estate in 2020, partially offset by higher total net operating income (“NOI”) in 2020 and higher gains on the sale of real estate in 2020. ● Total revenues increased 7.7% and total NOI increased 5.6% over the prior year primarily due to communities acquired during 2020 and 2019, partially offset by negative rent growth in the San Francisco, New York, and Boston markets. Investing and Developments ● We acquired one to-be-developed land parcel located in King of Prussia, Pennsylvania, for a total of approximately $16.2 million. ● We commenced the development of two communities located in Washington, D.C., and King of Prussia, Pennsylvania, with a total of 500 apartment homes. ● We acquired three communities with a total of 1,366 apartment homes located in Tampa, Florida, and Herndon, Virginia, for a total of approximately $335.6 million. ● We increased our ownership interest in one community from our West Coast Development joint venture with a total of 276 apartment homes, located in Hillsboro, Oregon, for a total cash purchase price of approximately $21.6 million after the repayment of joint venture construction financing. ● We recognized gains of $119.3 million from the sale of three operating communities located in Kirkland, Washington, Bellevue, Washington, and Alexandria, Virginia. ● We contributed $66.3 million to four investments under our Developer Capital Program, which earn preferred returns ranging between 8.5% to 13.0%. 7 Table of Contents ● Our full investment in one Development Capital Program investment was repaid, which earned an 11.0% preferred return. We received cash of $53.7 million, consisting of our investment of $38.6 million and contractually accrued interest of $15.1 million. Balance Sheet ● We issued $950.0 million of senior unsecured medium-term notes (including a $350.0 million “green bond”) at a weighted average contractual interest rate of 2.3%, and prepaid $300.0 million of senior unsecured medium-term notes at a weighted average interest rate of 3.69%. ● We repaid $425.8 million of secured debt at a weighted average contractual interest rate of 4.4% through the issuance of senior unsecured notes and the proceeds from the issuance of secured debt of $160.9 million at a weighted average interest rate of 2.62% ● We sold 2.1 million shares of common stock through a forward sales agreement for aggregate net proceeds of $102.2 million at a weighted average price per share of $48.23 under our ATM program. ● We repurchased 0.6 million shares of common stock at an average price of $33.11 per share for total consideration of approximately $19.8 million under our share repurchase program. Corporate Responsibility Report We have published our 2020 Annual Corporate Responsibility Report on our website, which discloses our environmental and social programs and performance. The report’s Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) disclosures were prepared in accordance with the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) Standards (core), the Sustainability Accounting Standards Board (SASB) standards, and the Task Force for Climate-related Financial Disclosure (TCFD) framework. Refer to Item 7, Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, for further information on the Company’s and the Operating Partnership’s activities in 2020. COVID-19 Update On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a pandemic, and on March 13, 2020, the United States declared a national emergency with respect to COVID-19. The pandemic has led governments and other authorities around the world, including federal, state and local authorities in the United States, to impose measures intended to control its spread, including restrictions on freedom of movement and business operations such as travel bans, border closings, business closures, quarantines and shelter-in-place or similar orders. While vaccines have been developed and are being administered it is unclear when or if the vaccine may allow a return to pre-pandemic activity levels. While operations in certain areas have been allowed to fully or partially re-open, many areas are experiencing new closures or restrictions subsequent to re-opening and no assurance can be given that such closures or restrictions will not continue to occur. Our headquarters, all of our properties and our corporate offices are located in areas that are or have been subject to shelter-in-place orders and restrictions on the types of businesses that may continue to operate. These orders and restrictions and other impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic have adversely affected, and could continue to adversely affect, the ability of our residents and retail and commercial tenants to pay their rent. It is still uncertain how various legislation or orders adopted by the federal government and state and local governments, or those that may be modified or enacted in the future, may continue to impact, the ability of our residents and retail and commercial tenants to pay their rent. The governmental actions intended to prevent the spread of COVID-19 have also caused us to reduce staffing at certain of our locations, and have impacted, and may continue to impact, our ability to conduct our business in the ordinary course. Further, the federal government and a number of the states, counties and municipalities in which we operate have adopted, and may extend, eviction moratoriums, either directly or indirectly (such as through direction to law enforcement or courts not to serve notices or take actions related to eviction), which have negatively impacted, and may continue to negatively impact, our ability to enforce our legal and contractual rights and our ability to remove residents or retail and commercial tenants who are not paying their rent and our ability to rent their units or other space to new residents or retail and commercial tenants, respectively. In addition, certain jurisdictions have restricted our ability to charge certain fees, including fees for late payment of rent. We have received, and continue to receive, more 8 Table of Contents requests from our residents and retail and commercial tenants for assistance with respect to paying rent than we have historically received. In response, we have instituted a number of initiatives to assist residents and other tenants, including rent deferrals, payment plans, and waiving late payment fees when appropriate. In addition, we have seen an increase in tenant rent concessions compared to prior year periods, as discussed further below. In particular, the urban core markets of New York, NY, San Francisco Bay Area, CA, and Boston, MA have been more adversely impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic in comparison to our other markets, resulting in larger decreases in rental income from elevated rent concessions and lower occupancy in those markets. We also have experienced an increase in resident move-outs and turnover on an annualized basis. With respect to leasing activities, leasing traffic and visits by potential residents had decreased during much of the year; however, they increased during the quarter ended December 31, 2020 as compared to the same quarter in 2019. Our percentage of leases entered into with a prospective tenant has increased year over year. During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company performed an analysis in accordance with the ASC 842, Leases, guidance to assess the collectibility of its operating lease receivables in light of the COVID-19 pandemic. This analysis included an assessment of collectibility of current and future rents and whether those lease payments were no longer probable of collection. In accordance with the leases guidance, if lease payments are no longer deemed to be probable over the life of the lease contract, we recognize revenue only when cash is received, and all existing contractual operating lease receivables and straight-line lease receivables are reserved. As a result of its analysis, the Company reserved approximately $13.5 million of multifamily tenant lease receivables and approximately $6.0 million of retail tenant lease receivables (inclusive of $3.3 million of reserves on straight-line lease receivables) for its wholly-owned communities and communities held by joint ventures. In aggregate, the reserve is reflected as an $18.4 million reduction to Rental income and a $1.1 million reduction to Income/(loss) from unconsolidated entities on the Consolidated Statements of Operations for the year ended December 31, 2020. The impact to deferred leasing commissions was not material for the year ended December 31, 2020. During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company recorded an impairment charge of $3.1 million on its investment in equity securities of a non-core investment. The Company did not recognize any other adjustments to the carrying amounts of assets or asset impairment charges due to the COVID-19 pandemic for the year ended December 31, 2020. As of January 31, 2021, we had collected 97.0%, 96.1% and 95.2% of billed monthly rents for our multifamily residents for October, November and December, respectively. While our cash rent collections in November, December, and January showed marginal declines versus October, this slight seasonal deterioration is consistent with historical collection trends in prior years. The Operating Partnership reserved approximately $5.5 million of multifamily tenant lease receivables and approximately $3.5 million of retail tenant lease receivables (inclusive of $2.2 million of reserves on straight-line lease receivables) for its wholly-owned communities. In aggregate, the reserve is reflected as a $9.0 million reduction to Rental income on the Consolidated Statements of Operations for the year ended December 31, 2020. The impact to deferred leasing commissions was not material for the year ended December 31, 2020. The Operating Partnership did not recognize any other adjustments to the carrying amounts of assets or asset impairment charges due to the COVID-19 pandemic for the year ended December 31, 2020. Our Strategic Vision Our strategic vision is to be the multifamily public REIT of choice. We intend to realize this vision by executing on our strategic objectives, which are: 1. Maintaining a Diversified Portfolio and Allocating Capital to Accretive Investment Opportunities 2. Maintaining a Strong Balance Sheet 3. Consistently Driving Operating Excellence 4. Advancing a Strong Corporate Culture and Ensuring High Resident Satisfaction 9 Table of Contents Maintaining a Diversified Portfolio and Allocating Capital to Accretive Investment Opportunities We believe greater portfolio diversification, as defined by geographic concentration, location within a market (i.e., urban or suburban) and property quality (i.e., A or B), reduces the volatility of our same-store growth throughout the real estate cycle, appeals to a wider renter and investor audience and lessens the market risk associated with owning a homogenous portfolio. Diversified characteristics of our portfolio include: ● our consolidated apartment portfolio includes 149 communities located in 21 markets throughout the U.S., including both coastal and sunbelt locations; and ● our mix of urban/suburban communities is approximately 37%/63% and our mix of A/B quality properties is approximately 55%/45%. We are focused on increasing our presence in markets with favorable job formation, high propensity to rent, low single- family home affordability, and a favorable demand/supply ratio for multifamily housing. Portfolio investment decisions consider internal analyses and third-party research. Acquisitions and Dispositions When evaluating potential acquisitions, we consider a wide variety of factors, including: ● whether it is located in a high barrier-to-entry market; ● population growth, cost of alternative housing, overall potential for economic growth and the tax and regulatory environment of the market in which the property is located; ● geographic location, including proximity to jobs, entertainment, transportation, and our existing communities which can deliver significant economies of scale; ● construction quality, condition and design of the property; ● current and projected cash flow of the property and the ability to increase cash flow; ● ability of the property’s projected returns to exceed our cost of capital; ● potential for capital appreciation of the property; ● ability to increase the value and profitability of the property through operations and redevelopment; ● terms of resident leases, including the potential for rent increases; ● occupancy and demand by residents for properties of a similar type in the vicinity; ● prospects for liquidity through sale, financing or refinancing of the property; and ● competition from existing multifamily communities and the potential for the construction of new multifamily properties in the area. We regularly monitor our assets to increase the quality and performance of our portfolio. Factors we consider in deciding whether to dispose of a property include: ● whether it is in a market targeted for divestment or a reduction in investment; ● current market price for an asset compared to projected economics for that asset; ● potential increases in new construction in the market area; ● areas with low job growth prospects; ● near- and long-term capital expenditure needs for the asset; and 10 Table of Contents ● operating efficiencies. The following table summarizes our apartment community acquisitions and dispositions and our consolidated year-end ownership position for the past five years (dollars in thousands): Homes acquired Homes disposed Homes owned at December 31, Total real estate owned, at cost 2020 2019 2018 2017 1,642 599 48,283 7,079 — 47,010 — 868 39,931 462 218 39,998 $ 13,071,472 $ 12,602,101 $ 10,196,159 $ 10,177,206 $ 2016 508 1,782 39,454 9,615,753 The following table summarizes the Operating Partnership’s apartment community acquisitions and dispositions and year-end ownership position for the past five years (dollars in thousands): Homes acquired Homes disposed Homes owned at December 31, Total real estate owned, at cost Development Activities 2020 1,072 332 17,174 2019 — — 16,434 2018 — 264 16,434 $ 4,043,725 $ 3,875,160 $ 3,811,985 2017 218 218 16,698 $ 3,816,956 2016 — 276 16,698 $ 3,674,704 Our objective in developing a community is to create value while improving the quality of our portfolio. How demographic trends, economic drivers, and multifamily fundamentals and valuations have trended over the long-term and our portfolio strategy generally govern our review process on where and when to allocate development capital. At December 31, 2020, the Company was developing five wholly-owned communities located in Addison, Texas, Denver, Colorado, Dublin, California, Washington, D.C., and King of Prussia, Pennsylvania, totaling 1,378 homes, 202 of which have been completed, with a budget of $491.5 million, in which we have an investment of $247.9 million. The communities are estimated to be completed between the first quarter of 2021 and the second quarter of 2023. Redevelopment Activities Our objective in redeveloping a community is twofold: we aim to grow rental rates while also producing a higher yielding and more valuable asset through asset quality improvement. During the year ended December 31, 2020, we incurred $48.3 million in major renovations, which included major structural changes and/or architectural revisions to existing buildings. As of December 31, 2020, the Company was not redeveloping any communities. Joint Venture and Partnership Activities We have entered into, and may continue in the future to enter into, joint ventures (including limited liability companies or partnerships) through which we would own an indirect economic interest of less than 100% of the community or communities owned directly by such joint ventures. Our decision to either hold an apartment community in fee simple or have an indirect interest in the community through a joint venture is based on a variety of factors and considerations, including: (i) the economic and tax terms required by the seller of land or a community; (ii) our desire to diversify our portfolio of communities by market, submarket and product type; (iii) our desire at times to preserve our capital resources to maintain liquidity or balance sheet strength; and (iv) our projections, in some circumstances, that we will achieve higher returns on our invested capital or reduce our risk if a joint venture vehicle is used. Each joint venture agreement is individually negotiated, and our ability to operate and/or dispose of a community in our sole discretion may be limited to varying degrees depending on the terms of the joint venture agreement. Maintaining a Strong Balance Sheet We maintain a capital structure that we believe allows us to proactively source potential investment opportunities in the marketplace. We have structured our debt maturity schedule to be able to opportunistically access both secured and unsecured debt markets when appropriate. As part of our plan to finance our activities, we utilize proceeds from debt and equity offerings and refinancings to extend maturities, pay down existing debt, fund development and redevelopment activities, and acquire apartment communities. 11 Table of Contents Consistently Driving Operational Excellence Investment in new technologies continues to drive operating efficiencies in our business and help us to better meet the changing needs of our business and our residents. Our residents can conduct business with us 24 hours a day, 7 days a week and complete online leasing applications and renewals throughout our portfolio using our web-based resident internet portal or, increasingly, a smart-device application. As a result of transforming our operations through technology, residents’ satisfaction has improved, and our operating teams have become more efficient. Web-based technologies have also resulted in declining marketing and advertising costs, improved cash management, and better pricing management of our available apartment homes. Operating Partnership Strategies and Vision The Operating Partnership’s long-term strategic vision is the same as that of the Company described above. Competitive Conditions Competition for new residents is generally intense across our markets. Some competing communities offer amenities that our communities do not have. Competing communities can use rental concessions or lower rents to obtain temporary competitive advantages. Also, some competing communities are larger or newer than our communities. The competitive position of each community is different depending upon many factors, including sub-market supply and demand. In addition, other real estate investors compete with us to acquire existing properties, redevelop existing properties, and to develop new properties. These competitors include insurance companies, pension and investment funds, public and private real estate companies, investment companies and other public and private apartment REITs, some of which may have greater resources, or lower capital costs, than we do. We believe that, in general, we are well-positioned to compete effectively for residents and investments. We believe our competitive advantages include: ● a fully integrated organization with property management, development, redevelopment, acquisition, marketing, sales and financing expertise; ● scalable operating and support systems, which include automated systems to meet the changing electronic needs of our residents and to effectively focus on our internet marketing efforts; ● access to sources of capital; ● geographic diversification with a presence in 21 markets across the country; and ● significant presence in many of our major markets that allows us to be a local operating expert. Moving forward, we will continue to optimize lease management, improve expense control, increase resident retention efforts and align employee incentive plans with metrics that impact our bottom-line performance. We believe this plan of operation, coupled with the portfolio’s strengths in targeting renters across a geographically diverse platform, should position us for continued operational upside. Communities At December 31, 2020, our consolidated real estate portfolio included 149 communities with a total of 48,283 completed apartment homes, which included the Operating Partnership’s consolidated real estate portfolio of 53 communities with a total of 17,174 completed apartment homes. The overall quality of our portfolio generally enables us to raise rents and to attract residents with higher levels of disposable income who are more likely to absorb such rents. At December 31, 2020, the Company was developing five wholly-owned communities located in Addison, Texas, Denver, Colorado, Dublin, California, Washington, D.C., and King of Prussia, Pennsylvania, totaling 1,378 homes, 202 of which have been completed, with a budget of $491.5 million, in which we have an investment of $247.9 million. The communities are estimated to be completed between the first quarter of 2021 and the second quarter of 2023. At December 31, 2020, the Company was not redeveloping any communities. 12 Table of Contents Same-Store Community Comparison We believe that one pertinent quantitative measurement of the performance of our portfolio is tracking the results of our Same-Store Communities’ NOI, which is total rental revenue, less rental and other operating expenses excluding property management. Our Same-Store Community population is comprised of operating communities which we own and have stabilized occupancy, revenues and expenses as of the beginning of the prior year. Net income attributable to common stockholders was $60.0 million as compared to $180.9 million in the prior year. The decrease was primarily driven by an increase in depreciation expense and interest expense in 2020 and a decrease in gains on the sale of unconsolidated real estate in 2020, partially offset by higher total NOI in 2020 and higher gains on the sale of real estate in 2020. For the year ended December 31, 2020, our Same-Store NOI decreased by $(40.2) million compared to the prior year. Our Same-Store Community properties provided 75.5% of our total NOI for the year ended December 31, 2020. The decrease in NOI for the 37,607 Same-Store apartment homes, or 77.9% of our portfolio, was primarily driven by an increase in our reserve on multifamily tenant lease receivables, higher rent concessions, economic occupancy loss, higher repair and maintenance expense and real estate taxes, partially offset by an increase in rental rates, an increase in reimbursement, ancillary and fee income, and a decrease in personnel expense. For the year ended December 31, 2020, the Operating Partnership’s Same-Store NOI decreased by $17.7 million compared to the prior year. The Operating Partnership’s Same-Store Community properties provided 93.1% of its total NOI for the year ended December 31, 2020. The decrease in NOI for the 15,607 Same-Store apartment homes, or 90.9% of the Operating Partnership’s portfolio, was primarily driven by an increase in our reserve on multifamily tenant lease receivables, higher rent concessions, economic occupancy loss, higher repair and maintenance expense and real estate taxes, partially offset by an increase in rental rates, an increase in reimbursement, ancillary and fee income, and a decrease in personnel expense. Revenue growth in 2021 may be impacted by adverse developments affecting the general economy, inclusive of economic conditions as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, reduced occupancy rates, increased rental concessions, new supply, increased bad debt and other factors which may adversely impact our ability to increase rents. Tax Matters UDR has elected to be taxed as a REIT under the Code. To continue to qualify as a REIT, UDR must continue to meet certain tests that, among other things, generally require that our assets consist primarily of real estate assets, our income be derived primarily from real estate assets, and that we distribute at least 90% of our REIT taxable income (other than net capital gains) to our stockholders annually. Provided we maintain our qualification as a REIT, we generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income taxes at the corporate level on our net income to the extent such net income is distributed to our stockholders annually. Even if we continue to qualify as a REIT, we will continue to be subject to certain federal, state and local taxes on our income and property. We may utilize our taxable REIT subsidiary (“TRS”) to engage in activities that REITs may be prohibited from performing, including the provision of management and other services to third parties and the conduct of certain nonqualifying real estate transactions. Our TRS generally is taxable as a regular corporation, and therefore, subject to federal, state and local income taxes. The Operating Partnership intends to qualify as a partnership for federal income tax purposes. As a partnership, the Operating Partnership generally is not a taxable entity and does not incur federal income tax liability. However, any state or local revenue, excise or franchise taxes that result from the operating activities of the Operating Partnership are incurred at the entity level. Inflation We believe that the direct effects of inflation on our operations have been immaterial. While the impact of inflation primarily impacts our results of operations as a result of wage pressures and increases in utilities and material costs, the majority of our apartment leases have initial terms of 12 months or less, which generally enables us to compensate for any inflationary effects by increasing rents on our apartment homes. Although an extreme escalation in costs could have a negative impact on our residents and their ability to absorb rent increases, we do not believe this has had a material impact on our results for the year ended December 31, 2020. 13 Table of Contents Environmental Matters Various environmental laws govern certain aspects of the ongoing operation of our communities. Such environmental laws include those regulating the existence of asbestos-containing materials in buildings, management of surfaces with lead- based paint (and notices to residents about the lead-based paint), use of active underground petroleum storage tanks, and waste- management activities. The failure to comply with such requirements could subject us to a government enforcement action and/or claims for damages by a private party. To date, compliance with federal, state and local environmental protection regulations has not had a material effect on our capital expenditures, earnings or competitive position. We have a property management plan for hazardous materials. As part of the plan, Phase I environmental site investigations and reports have been completed for each property we acquire. In addition, all proposed acquisitions are inspected prior to acquisition. The inspections are conducted by qualified environmental consultants, and we review the issued report prior to the purchase or development of any property. Nevertheless, it is possible that the environmental assessments will not reveal all environmental liabilities, or that some material environmental liabilities exist of which we are unaware. In some cases, we have abandoned otherwise economically attractive acquisitions because the costs of removal or control of hazardous materials have been prohibitive or we have been unwilling to accept the potential risks involved. We do not believe we will be required to engage in any large-scale abatement at any of our properties. We believe that through professional environmental inspections and testing for asbestos, lead paint and other hazardous materials, coupled with a relatively conservative posture toward accepting known environmental risk, we can minimize our exposure to potential liability associated with environmental hazards. Federal legislation requires owners and landlords of residential housing constructed prior to 1978 to disclose to potential residents or purchasers of the communities any known lead paint hazards and imposes treble damages for failure to provide such notification. In addition, lead based paint in any of the communities may result in lead poisoning in children residing in that community if chips or particles of such lead based paint are ingested, and we may be held liable under state laws for any such injuries caused by ingestion of lead based paint by children living at the communities. We are unaware of any environmental hazards at any of our properties that individually or in the aggregate may have a material adverse impact on our operations or financial position. We have not been notified by any governmental authority, and we are not otherwise aware, of any material non-compliance, liability, or claim relating to environmental liabilities in connection with any of our properties. We do not believe that the cost of continued compliance with applicable environmental laws and regulations will have a material adverse effect on us or our financial condition or results of operations. Future environmental laws, regulations, or ordinances, however, may require additional remediation of existing conditions that are not currently actionable. Also, if more stringent requirements are imposed on us in the future, the costs of compliance could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and our financial condition. Insurance We carry comprehensive general liability coverage on our communities, with limits of liability customary within the multi-family apartment industry to insure against liability claims and related defense costs. We are also insured, with limits of liability customary within the multi-family apartment industry, against the risk of direct physical damage in amounts necessary to reimburse us on a replacement cost basis for costs incurred to repair or rebuild each property, including loss of rental income during the reconstruction period. Available Information Both UDR and the Operating Partnership file electronically with the Securities and Exchange Commission their respective annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, and current reports on Form 8-K, pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. You may obtain a free copy of our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, and current reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to those reports on the day of filing with the SEC on our website at www.udr.com, or by sending an e-mail message to ir@udr.com. 14 Table of Contents Item 1A. RISK FACTORS There are many factors that affect the business and the results of operations of the Company and the Operating Partnership, some of which are beyond the control of the Company and the Operating Partnership. The following is a description of important factors that may cause the actual results of operations of the Company and the Operating Partnership in future periods to differ materially from those currently expected or discussed in forward-looking statements set forth in this Report relating to our financial results, operations and business prospects. Forward-looking statements and such risks, uncertainties and other factors speak only as of the date of this Report, and we expressly disclaim any obligation or undertaking to update or revise any forward-looking statement contained herein, to reflect any change in our expectations with regard thereto, or any other change in events, conditions or circumstances on which any such statement is based, except to the extent otherwise required by law. Risks Related to Our Real Estate Investments and Our Operations The Ongoing COVID-19 Pandemic and Measures Intended to Prevent its Spread Could Have a Material Adverse Effect on our Business, Results of Operations, Cash Flows and Financial Condition. Since being first reported in December 2019, COVID-19 has spread globally, including to every state in the United States. On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a pandemic, and on March 13, 2020, the United States declared a national emergency with respect to COVID-19. The pandemic has led governments and other authorities around the world, including federal, state and local authorities in the United States, to impose measures intended to control its spread, including restrictions on freedom of movement and business operations such as travel bans, border closings, business closures, quarantines and shelter-in-place orders. While operations in certain areas have been allowed to fully or partially re-open, many areas are experiencing new closures or restrictions subsequent to re-opening and no assurance can be given that such closures or restrictions will not continue to occur. Our headquarters and all of our properties and our corporate offices are located in areas that are or have been subject to shelter-in-place orders and restrictions on the types of businesses that may continue to operate. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and measures to prevent its spread could materially and adversely affect our business in a number of ways. Our rental revenue and operating results depend significantly on the occupancy levels at our properties and the ability of our residents and retail and commercial tenants to meet their rent obligations to us, which have been in certain cases, and could continue to be, adversely affected by, among other things, job losses, furloughs, store closures, lower incomes and uncertainty about the future as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. The deterioration of economic conditions as a result of the pandemic in certain locations have materially decreased, and in other locations may ultimately materially decrease, occupancy levels and rents in our portfolio, which could adversely affect the value of our properties. In addition, numerous state, local, federal and industry-initiated efforts, including eviction moratoriums, shelter-in-place orders, prohibitions on charging certain fees and limitations on collection laws, have affected, and may continue to affect, our ability to collect rent or enforce legal or contractual remedies for the failure to pay rent, which have negatively impacted, and may continue to negatively impact, our ability to remove residents or retail and commercial tenants who are not paying rent and our ability to rent their units or other space to new residents or retail and commercial tenants, respectively. Even if these measures are lifted, additional cases of COVID-19 have resulted in, and may continue to result in, governments reinstating these or similar measures. State, local, and federal governments also have increased, and may in the future increase, property taxes or other taxes, or fees, or may enact new taxes or fees, in order to increase revenue, which has in the past increased, and may in the future increase our expenses. Our development and construction projects, including those in our Developer Capital Program, also could be adversely affected, including as a result of disruptions in supply chains and government restrictions on the types of projects that may continue during the pandemic or as a result of delayed construction schedules due to social distancing efforts or occurrences of the virus at a construction site. The COVID-19 pandemic and measures to prevent its spread also could adversely affect the businesses and financial condition of our counterparties, including our joint venture partners, participants in the Developer Capital Program, and general contractors and their subcontractors, and their ability to satisfy their obligations to us and to complete transactions or projects with us as intended. In addition, a significant number of our retail tenants were, or have been, forced to close, either temporarily or completely, or operate on a limited basis as a result of COVID-19 and related government actions, which has resulted in, and could continue to result in, delays in rent payments, rent concessions, early lease terminations or tenant bankruptcies. The COVID-19 pandemic also has caused, and may continue to cause, severe economic, market and other disruptions worldwide. Disruptions in the financial markets could adversely impact our access to equity and debt financing, including through our commercial paper program, on favorable terms or at all, which could adversely affect our ability to consummate acquisitions, fund developments and capital expenditures, and repay or refinance indebtedness 15 Table of Contents as it becomes due. See “Risks Related to Our Indebtedness and Financings—Disruptions in Financial Markets May Adversely Impact Availability and Cost of Credit and Have Other Adverse Effects on Us and the Market Price of UDR’s Stock.” The extent of the COVID-19 pandemic’s effect on our operational and financial performance will depend on future developments, including the duration and intensity of the pandemic, the timing and effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines, and the duration of, or the reinstatement of, government measures to mitigate the pandemic or address its effects, all of which are uncertain and difficult to predict. Due to the speed with which the situation is developing, we are not able at this time to estimate the full effect of these factors on our business, but the adverse impact on our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows could be material. Unfavorable Apartment Market and Economic Conditions Could Adversely Affect Occupancy Levels, Rental Revenues and the Value of Our Real Estate Assets. Unfavorable market conditions in the areas in which we operate or unfavorable economic conditions generally, including as a result of COVID-19, may significantly affect our occupancy levels, our rental rates and collections, the value of our properties and our ability to acquire or dispose of apartment communities on economically favorable terms. Our ability to lease our properties at favorable rates is adversely affected by the increase in supply in the multifamily and other rental markets and is dependent upon the overall level in the economy, which is adversely affected by, among other things, job losses and unemployment levels, recession, debt levels, housing markets, stock market volatility and uncertainty about the future. Some of our major expenses generally do not decline when related rents decline. We would expect that declines in our occupancy levels and rental revenues would cause us to have less cash available to pay our indebtedness and to distribute to UDR’s stockholders, which could adversely affect our financial condition or the market value of our securities. Factors that may affect our occupancy levels, our rental revenues, and/or the value of our properties include the following, among others: ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● downturns in the global, national, regional and local economic conditions, particularly increases in unemployment; declines in mortgage interest rates, making alternative housing more affordable; government or builder incentives with respect to home ownership, making alternative housing options more attractive; local real estate market conditions, including oversupply of, or reduced demand for, apartment homes; declines in the financial condition of our tenants, which may make it more difficult for us to collect rents from some tenants; changes in market rental rates; our ability to renew leases or re-lease space on favorable terms; the timing and costs associated with property improvements, repairs or renovations; changes in household formation; and rent control or stabilization laws, or other laws regulating or impacting rental housing, which could prevent us from raising rents to offset increases in operating costs or otherwise impact us. The Geographic Concentration of Our Communities in Certain Markets Could Have an Adverse Effect on Our Operations if a Particular Market is Adversely Impacted by Economic or Other Conditions. For the year ended December 31, 2020, approximately 58.7% of our total NOI was generated from communities located in Metropolitan D.C. (16.3%), Orange County, CA (13.1%), the San Francisco Bay Area, CA (10.1%), Boston, MA (11.6%) and New York, NY (7.6%). As a result, if any one or more of these markets is adversely impacted by regional or local economic conditions or real estate market conditions, such conditions may have a greater adverse impact on our results of operations than if our portfolio was more geographically diverse. For example, the urban core markets of New York, NY, San Francisco Bay Area, CA, and Boston, MA have been more adversely impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic in comparison to our other markets, resulting in larger decreases in rental income from elevated rent concessions and lower occupancy in those markets. In addition, if one or more of these markets is adversely affected by changes in regional or local regulations, including those related to rent control or stabilization, such regulations may have a greater adverse impact on our results of operation than if our portfolio was more geographically diverse. 16 Table of Contents We May Be Unable to Renew Leases or Relet Apartment Units as Leases Expire, or the Terms of Renewals or New Leases May Be Less Favorable Than Current Leases. When our residents decide to leave our apartments, whether because they decide not to renew their leases or they leave prior to their lease expiration date, we may not be able to relet their apartment units. Even if the residents do renew or we can relet the apartment units, the terms of renewal or reletting may be less favorable than current lease terms. Furthermore, because the majority of our apartment leases have initial terms of 12 months or less, our rental revenues are impacted by declines in market rents more quickly than if our leases were for longer terms. If we are unable to promptly renew the leases or relet the apartment units, or if the rental rates upon renewal or reletting are lower than expected rates, then our results of operations and financial condition may be adversely affected. If residents do not experience increases in their income or if they experience decreases in their income or job losses, we may be unable to increase or maintain rent and/or delinquencies may increase. We Face Certain Risks Related to Our Retail and Commercial Space. Certain of our properties include retail or commercial space that we lease to third parties. The long term nature of our retail and commercial leases (generally five to ten years with market-based or fixed-price renewal options) and the characteristics of many of our tenants (generally small and/or local businesses) may subject us to certain risks, including risks related to such tenants being required not to operate, or to operate on a limited basis, due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The longer term leases could result in below market lease rates over time. Tenants may provide guarantees and other credit support which may prove to be inadequate or uncollectable, and the failure rate of small and/or local businesses may be higher than average. We may not be able to lease new space for rents that are consistent with our projections or for market rates. Also, when leases for our retail or commercial space terminate either at the end of the lease or because a tenant leaves early, the space may not be relet or the terms of reletting, including the cost of allowances and concessions to tenants, may be less favorable than the prior lease terms or we may incur additional expenses related to modifications of the spaces in order to satisfy new tenants. Our properties compete with other properties with retail or commercial space. The presence of competitive alternatives may adversely affect our ability to lease space and the level of rents we can obtain. If our retail or commercial tenants experience financial distress or bankruptcy, they have in the past and may in the future fail to comply with their contractual obligations, seek concessions in order to continue operations, or cease their operations, which could adversely impact our results of operations and financial condition. Risk of Inflation/Deflation. Substantial inflationary or deflationary pressures could have a negative effect on rental rates and property operating expenses. The general risk of inflation is that interest on our debt, general and administrative expenses and other expenses increase at a rate faster than increases in our rental rates, which could adversely affect our financial condition or results of operations. We Are Subject to Certain Risks Associated with Selling Apartment Communities, Which Could Limit Our Operational and Financial Flexibility. We periodically dispose of apartment communities that no longer meet our strategic objectives, but adverse market conditions may make it difficult to sell apartment communities we own. We cannot predict whether we will be able to sell any property for the price or on the terms we set, or whether any price or other terms offered by a prospective purchaser would be acceptable to us. We also cannot predict the length of time needed to find a willing purchaser and to close the sale of a property. Furthermore, we may be required to expend funds to correct defects or to make improvements before a property can be sold or the purchase price may be reduced to cover any cost of correcting defects or making improvements. These conditions may limit our ability to dispose of properties and to change our portfolio in order to meet our strategic objectives, which could in turn adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations or our ability to fund other activities in which we may want to engage such as the purchase of properties, development or redevelopment, or funding the Developer Capital Program. We are also subject to the following risks in connection with sales of our apartment communities, among others: ● ● a significant portion of the proceeds from some property sales may be held by intermediaries in order for such sales to qualify as like-kind exchanges under Section 1031 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or the “Code,” so that any related capital gain can be deferred for federal income tax purposes. As a result, we may not have immediate access to all of the cash proceeds generated from our property sales; and federal tax laws limit our ability to profit on the sale of communities that we have owned for less than two years, and this limitation may prevent us from selling communities when market conditions are favorable. Competition Could Limit Our Ability to Lease Apartment Homes or Increase or Maintain Rents. Our apartment communities compete with numerous housing alternatives in attracting residents, including other apartment communities, condominiums and single-family rental homes, as well as owner occupied single- and multi-family homes. 17 Table of Contents Competitive housing in a particular area could adversely affect our ability to lease apartment homes and increase or maintain rents, which could materially adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition. We May Not Realize the Anticipated Benefits of Past or Future Acquisitions, and the Failure to Integrate Acquired Communities and New Personnel Successfully Could Create Inefficiencies. We have selectively acquired in the past, and if presented with attractive opportunities we intend to selectively acquire in the future, apartment communities that meet our investment criteria. Our acquisition activities and their success are subject to the following risks, among others: ● we may be unable to obtain financing for acquisitions on favorable terms, including but not limited to interest rates, term and/or loan-to-value ratios, or at all, all of which could cause us to delay or even abandon potential acquisitions; ● ● even if we are able to finance the acquisition, cash flow from the acquisition may be insufficient to meet our required principal and interest payments on the debt used to finance the acquisition; even if we enter into an acquisition agreement for an apartment community, we may not complete the acquisition for a variety of reasons after incurring certain acquisition-related costs; ● we may incur significant costs and divert management attention in connection with the evaluation and negotiation of potential acquisitions, including potential acquisitions that we subsequently do not complete; ● when we acquire an apartment community, we may invest additional amounts in it with the intention of increasing profitability, and these additional investments may not produce the anticipated improvements in profitability; ● the expected occupancy rates and rental rates may differ from actual results; and ● we may be unable to quickly and efficiently integrate acquired apartment communities and new personnel into our existing operations, and the failure to successfully integrate such apartment communities or personnel will result in inefficiencies that could materially and adversely affect our expected return on our investments and our overall profitability. Competition Could Adversely Affect Our Ability to Acquire Properties. In the past, other real estate investors, including insurance companies, pension and investment funds, developer partnerships, investment companies and other public and private apartment REITs, have competed with us to acquire existing properties and to develop new properties, and such competition in the future may make it more difficult for us to acquire attractive investment opportunities on favorable terms, which could adversely affect our ability to grow or acquire properties profitably or with attractive returns. Development and Construction Risks Could Impact Our Profitability. In the past we have selectively pursued the development and construction of apartment communities, and we intend to do so in the future as appropriate opportunities arise. Development activities have been, and in the future may be, conducted through wholly-owned affiliated companies or through joint ventures with unaffiliated parties. Our development and construction activities are subject to the following risks, among others: ● we may be unable to obtain construction financing for development activities on favorable terms, including but not limited to interest rates, term and/or loan-to-value ratios, or at all, which could cause us to delay or even abandon potential developments; ● we may be unable to obtain, or face delays in obtaining, necessary zoning, land-use, building, occupancy and other required governmental or quasi-governmental permits and authorizations, which could result in increased development costs, could delay initial occupancy dates for all or a portion of a development community, and could require us to abandon our activities entirely with respect to a project for which we are unable to obtain permits or authorizations; ● cost may be higher or yields may be less than anticipated as a result of delays in completing projects, costs that exceed budget and/or higher than expected concessions for lease up and lower rents than expected; ● we may abandon development opportunities that we have already begun to explore, and we may fail to recover expenses already incurred in connection with exploring such development opportunities; 18 Table of Contents ● we may be unable to complete construction and lease-up of a community on schedule, or incur development or construction costs that exceed our original estimates, and we may be unable to charge rents that would compensate for any increase in such costs; ● occupancy rates, rents and concessions at a newly developed community may fluctuate depending on a number of factors, including market and economic conditions, preventing us from meeting our expected return on our investment and our overall profitability goals; and ● when we sell communities or properties that we developed or renovated to third parties, we may be subject to warranty or construction defect claims that are uninsured or exceed the limits of our insurance. Bankruptcy or Defaults of Our Counterparties Could Adversely Affect Our Performance. We have relationships with and, from time to time, we execute transactions with or receive services from many counterparties, such as general contractors engaged in connection with our development activities, borrowers, or joint venture partners, among others. As a result, bankruptcies or defaults by these counterparties or their subcontractors could result in services not being provided, projects not being completed on time, or on budget, or at all, or contractual obligations to us not being satisfied, or volatility in the financial markets and economic weakness could affect the counterparties’ ability to complete transactions with us as intended, both of which could result in disruptions to our operations that may adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations. Property Ownership Through Partnerships and Joint Ventures May Limit Our Ability to Act Exclusively in Our Interest. We have in the past and may in the future develop and/or acquire properties in partnerships and joint ventures, including those in which we own a preferred interest, with other persons or entities when we believe circumstances warrant the use of such structures. As of December 31, 2020, we had active joint ventures and partnerships, including our preferred equity investments, with a total equity investment of $600.2 million. We could become engaged in a dispute with one or more of our partners which could adversely impact us. Moreover, our partners may have business, economic or other objectives that are inconsistent with our objectives, including objectives that relate to the appropriate timing and terms of any sale or refinancing of a property. In some instances, our partners may have competing interests in our markets that could create conflicts of interest. Also, our partners might fail to make capital contributions when due, which may require us to contribute additional capital or may negatively impact the project. In addition, we may be responsible to our partners for indemnifiable losses. In general, we and our partners may each have the right to trigger a buy-sell or other similar arrangement, which could cause us to sell our interest, or acquire our partner’s interest, at a time when we otherwise would not have initiated such a transaction and may result in the valuation of our interest in the partnership or joint venture (if we are the seller) or of the other partner’s interest in the partnership or joint venture (if we are the buyer) at levels which may not be representative of the valuation that would result from an arm’s length marketing process and could cause us to recognize unanticipated capital gains or losses or the loss of fee income. We are also subject to other risks in connection with partnerships or joint ventures, including (i) a deadlock if we and our partner are unable to agree upon certain major and other decisions (which could result in litigation or disposing of an asset at a time at which we otherwise would not sell the asset), (ii) limitations on our ability to liquidate our position in the partnership or joint venture without the consent of the other partner, and (iii) requirements to provide guarantees in favor of lenders with respect to the indebtedness of the joint venture. We May Not be Permitted to Dispose of Certain Properties or Pay Down the Indebtedness Associated with Those Properties When We Might Otherwise Desire to do so Without Incurring Additional Costs. In connection with certain property acquisitions, we have agreed with the sellers that we will not dispose of the acquired properties or reduce the mortgage indebtedness on such properties for significant periods of time unless we pay certain of the resulting tax costs of the sellers or dispose of the property in a transaction in which a gain is not recognized for federal income tax purposes by such sellers, and we may enter into similar agreements in connection with future property acquisitions. These agreements could result in us retaining properties that we would otherwise sell or not paying down or refinancing indebtedness that we would otherwise pay down or refinance. However, subject to certain conditions, we retain the right to substitute other property or debt to meet these obligations to the sellers. We Could Incur Significant Insurance Costs and Some Potential Losses May Not Be Adequately Covered by Insurance. We have a comprehensive insurance program covering our properties and operating activities with limits of liability, deductibles and self-insured retentions customary within the multifamily industry. We believe the policy specifications and insured limits of these policies are adequate and appropriate. There are, however, certain types of extraordinary losses which may not be adequately covered under our insurance program. In addition, we will sustain losses due to insurance deductibles, self-insured retention, uninsured claims or casualties, or losses in excess of applicable coverage. 19 Table of Contents If an uninsured loss or a loss in excess of insured limits occurs, we could lose all or a portion of the capital we have invested in a property, as well as the anticipated future revenue from the property. In such an event, we might nevertheless remain obligated for any mortgage debt or other financial obligations related to the property. Material losses in excess of insurance proceeds may occur in the future. If one or more of our significant properties were to experience a catastrophic loss, it could seriously disrupt our operations, delay revenue and result in large expenses to repair or rebuild the property. Such events could materially and adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations. The cost of insuring our apartment communities and our operations is a component of expense. Insurance premiums and the terms and conditions of insurance policies are subject to significant fluctuations and changes, which are generally outside of our control. We insure our properties and our operations with insurance companies that we believe have a good rating at the time our policies are put into effect. The financial condition of one or more insurance companies that insure us may be negatively impacted, which could result in their inability to pay on future insurance claims. Their inability to pay future claims may have a negative impact on our financial results. In addition, the failure, or exit or partial exit from an insurance market, of one or more insurance companies may affect our ability to obtain insurance coverage in the amounts that we seek, or at all, or increase the costs to renew or replace our insurance policies, or cause us to self-insure a portion of the risk, or increase the cost of insuring properties. Failure to Succeed in New Markets May Limit Our Growth. We have acquired in the past, and we may acquire in the future if appropriate opportunities arise, apartment communities that are outside of our existing markets. Entering into new markets may expose us to a variety of risks, and we may not be able to operate successfully in new markets. These risks include, among others: ● ● ● ● inability to accurately evaluate local apartment market conditions and local economies; inability to hire and retain key personnel; lack of familiarity with local governmental and permitting procedures; and inability to achieve budgeted financial results. Failure to Succeed with New Initiatives May Limit Our Ability to Grow Same-Store NOI. We have in the past developed and may in the future develop initiatives that are intended to drive operating efficiencies and grow same-store NOI, including smart home technologies and self-service options that are accessible to residents through smart devices. Such initiatives may also involve our associates having new or different responsibilities and processes. We may incur significant costs and divert resources in connection with such initiatives, and these initiatives may not perform as projected, which could adversely affect our results of operations and the market price of UDR’s common stock. Potential Liability for Environmental Contamination Could Result in Substantial Costs. Under various federal, state and local environmental laws, as a current or former owner or operator of real estate, we could be required to investigate and remediate the effects of contamination of currently or formerly owned real estate by hazardous or toxic substances, often regardless of our knowledge of or responsibility for the contamination and solely by virtue of our current or former ownership or operation of the real estate. In addition, we could be held liable to a governmental authority or to third parties for property damage and for investigation and clean-up costs incurred in connection with the contamination or we could be required to incur additional costs to change how the property is constructed or operated due to presence of such substances. These costs could be substantial, and in many cases environmental laws create liens in favor of governmental authorities to secure their payment. The presence of such substances or a failure to properly remediate any resulting contamination could materially and adversely affect our ability to borrow against, sell or rent an affected property. In addition, our properties are subject to various federal, state and local environmental, health and safety laws, including laws governing the management of wastes and underground and aboveground storage tanks. Noncompliance with these environmental, health and safety laws could subject us to liability. Changes in laws could increase the potential costs of compliance with environmental laws, health and safety laws or increase liability for noncompliance. This may result in significant unanticipated expenditures or may otherwise adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations. As the owner or operator of real property, we may also incur liability based on various building conditions. For example, buildings and other structures on properties that we currently own or operate or those we acquire or operate in the future contain, may contain, or may have contained, asbestos-containing material, or ACM. Environmental, health 20 Table of Contents and safety laws require that ACM be properly managed and maintained and may impose fines or penalties on owners, operators or employers for non-compliance with those requirements. These requirements include special precautions, such as removal, abatement or air monitoring, if ACM would be disturbed during maintenance, renovation or demolition of a building, potentially resulting in substantial costs. In addition, we may be subject to liability for personal injury or property damage sustained as a result of exposure to ACM or releases of ACM into the environment. We cannot assure you that costs or liabilities incurred as a result of environmental or building condition issues will not adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations. Our Properties May Contain or Develop Harmful Mold or Suffer from Other Indoor Air Quality Issues, Which Could Lead to Liability for Adverse Health Effects or Property Damage or Cost for Remediation. When excessive moisture accumulates in buildings or on building materials, mold growth may occur, particularly if the moisture problem remains undiscovered or is not addressed over a period of time. Some molds may produce airborne toxins or irritants. Indoor air quality issues can also stem from inadequate ventilation, chemical contamination from indoor or outdoor sources, and other biological contaminants such as pollen, viruses and bacteria. Indoor exposure to airborne toxins or irritants can be alleged to cause a variety of adverse health effects and symptoms, including allergic or other reactions. As a result, the presence of significant mold or other airborne contaminants at any of our properties could require us to undertake a costly remediation program to contain or remove the mold or other airborne contaminants or to increase ventilation, which could adversely affect our results of operations and cash flow. In addition, the presence of significant mold or other airborne contaminants could expose us to liability from our tenants or others for property damage or personal injury. Compliance or Failure to Comply with the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 or Other Safety Regulations and Requirements Could Result in Substantial Costs. The Americans with Disabilities Act generally requires that public buildings, including our properties, be made accessible to disabled persons. Noncompliance could result in the imposition of fines by the federal government or the award of damages to private litigants. Claims have been asserted, and in the future claims may be asserted, against us with respect to some of our properties under the Americans with Disabilities Act. If, under the Americans with Disabilities Act, we are required to make substantial alterations and capital expenditures in one or more of our properties, including the removal of access barriers, it could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations. In addition, if claims arise, we may expend resources and incur costs in investigating and resolving such claims even if our property was in compliance with the law. Our properties are subject to various federal, state and local regulatory requirements, such as state and local fire and life safety requirements and federal, state and local accessibility requirements in addition to those imposed by the Americans with Disabilities Act. If we fail to comply with these requirements, we could incur fines or private damage awards. We do not know whether existing requirements will change or whether compliance with future requirements will require significant unanticipated expenditures that could adversely affect our financial condition or results of operations. The Adoption of, or Changes to, Rent Control, Rent Stabilization, Eviction, Tenants’ Rights and Similar Laws and Regulations in Our Markets Could Have an Adverse Effect on Our Results of Operations and Property Values. Various state and local governments have enacted and may continue to enact rent control, rent stabilization, or limitations, and similar laws and regulations that could limit our ability to raise rents or charge certain fees, including laws or court orders, either of which could have a retroactive effect. For example, in June 2019, the State of New York enacted new rent control regulations known as the Housing Stability and Tenant Protection Act of 2019 and, in October of 2019, the State of California enacted the Tenant Protection Act of 2019. We have seen a recent increase in governments enacting or considering, or being urged to consider, such laws and regulations. Federal, state and local governments or courts also have made, and may make in the future, changes to laws related to allowable fees, eviction and other tenants’ rights laws and regulations (including changes in response to COVID-19 and other changes that apply retroactively) that could adversely impact our results of operations and the value of our properties. Laws and regulations regarding rent control, rent stabilization, eviction, tenants’ rights, and similar matters, as well as any lawsuits against us arising from such laws and regulations, may limit our ability to charge market rents, limit our ability to increase rents, evict delinquent tenants or change fees, or recover increases in our operating expenses, which could have an adverse effect on our results of operations and the value of our properties. Compliance with or Changes in Real Estate Tax and Other Laws and Regulations Could Adversely Affect Our Funds from Operations and Our Ability to Make Distributions to Stockholders. We are subject to federal, state and local 21 Table of Contents laws, regulations, rules and ordinances at locations where we operate regarding a wide variety of matters that could affect, directly or indirectly, our operations. Generally, we do not directly pass through costs resulting from compliance with or changes in real estate tax laws to residential property tenants. We also do not generally pass through increases in income, service or other taxes to tenants under leases. These costs may adversely affect net operating income and the ability to make distributions to stockholders. Similarly, compliance with or changes in (i) laws increasing the potential liability for environmental conditions existing on properties or the restrictions on discharges or other conditions, (ii) laws and regulations regulating housing, such as the Americans with Disabilities Act and the Fair Housing Amendments Act of 1988, or (iii) employment related laws, may result in significant unanticipated expenditures, which could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations. In addition, changes in federal and state legislation and regulation on climate change may result in increased capital expenditures to improve the energy efficiency of our existing communities and also may require us to spend more on our new development communities without a corresponding increase in revenue. Risk of Damage from Catastrophic Weather and Natural Events. Our communities are located in areas that may experience catastrophic weather and other natural events from time to time, including mudslides, fires, hurricanes, tornadoes, floods, snow or ice storms, or other severe inclement weather. These adverse weather and natural events could cause damage or losses that may be greater than insured levels. In the event of a loss in excess of insured limits, we could lose our capital invested in the affected community, as well as anticipated future revenue from that community. We would also continue to be obligated to repay any mortgage indebtedness or other obligations related to the community. Any such loss could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations. Risk of Potential Climate Change. To the extent significant changes in the climate in areas where our communities are located occur, we may experience extreme weather conditions and changes in precipitation and temperature, all of which could result in physical damage to, and/or a decrease in demand for, our communities located in these areas or communities that are otherwise affected by these changes. Should the impact of such climate changes be material in nature, or occur for lengthy periods of time, our financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected. Risk of Earthquake Damage. Some of our communities are located in areas subject to earthquakes, including in the general vicinity of earthquake faults. We cannot assure you that an earthquake would not cause damage or losses greater than insured levels. In the event of a loss in excess of insured limits, we could lose our capital invested in the affected community, as well as anticipated future revenue from that community. We may also continue to be obligated to repay any mortgage indebtedness or other obligations related to the community. Any such loss could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations. Insurance coverage for earthquakes can be costly due to limited industry capacity. As a result, we may experience shortages in desired coverage levels if market conditions are such that insurance is not available or the cost of insurance makes it, in management’s view, economically impractical. Risk of Accidental Death or Injury Due to Fire, Natural Disasters or Other Hazards. The accidental death or injury of persons living in our communities due to fire, natural disasters or other hazards could have an adverse effect on our business and results of operations. Our insurance coverage may not cover all losses associated with such events, and we may experience difficulty marketing communities where any such events have occurred, which could have an adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations. Actual or Threatened Terrorist Attacks May Have an Adverse Effect on Our Business and Operating Results and Could Decrease the Value of Our Assets. Actual or threatened terrorist attacks and other acts of violence, destruction or war could have an adverse effect on our business and operating results. Attacks or other similar actions that directly impact one or more of our apartment communities could significantly affect our ability to operate those communities and thereby impair our ability to achieve our expected results. Further, our insurance coverage may not cover all losses caused by a terrorist attack or similar events. In addition, the adverse effects that such violent acts and threats of future attacks could have on the U.S. economy could similarly have an adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations. Mezzanine Loan Assets Involve Greater Risks of Loss than Senior Loans Secured by Income-Producing Properties. We have in the past and may in the future originate mezzanine loans, which take the form of subordinated loans secured by second mortgages on the underlying property or subordinated loans secured by a pledge of the ownership interests of either the entity owning the property or a pledge of the ownership interests of the entity that owns the interest in the entity owning the property. Mezzanine loans may involve a higher degree of risk than a senior mortgage secured by real property, because the security for the loan may lose all or substantially all of its value as a result of foreclosure by the senior lender and because it is in second position and there may not be adequate equity in the 22 Table of Contents property. In the event of a bankruptcy of the entity providing the pledge of its ownership interests as security, we may not have full recourse to the assets of such entity, or the assets of the entity may not be sufficient to satisfy our mezzanine loan. If a borrower defaults on our mezzanine loan or debt senior to our loan, or in the event of a borrower bankruptcy, our mezzanine loan will be satisfied only after the senior debt. As a result, we may not recover some of or all our investment. In addition, mezzanine loans typically have higher loan-to-value ratios than conventional mortgage loans, resulting in less equity in the property and increasing the risk of loss of principal. Risk Related to Preferred Equity Investments. We have made in the past and may in the future make preferred equity investments in corporations, limited partnerships, limited liability companies or other entities that have been formed for the purpose of acquiring, developing or managing real property. Generally, we will not have the ability to control the daily operations of the entity, and we will not have the ability to select or remove a majority of the members of the board of directors, managers, general partner or partners or similar governing body of the entity or otherwise control its operations. Although we would seek to maintain sufficient influence over the entity to achieve our objectives, our partners may have interests that differ from ours and may be in a position to take actions without our consent or that are inconsistent with our interests. Further, if our partners were to fail to invest additional capital in the entity when required, we may have to invest additional capital to protect our investment. Our partners may fail to develop or operate the real property or refinance property indebtedness or sell the real property in the manner intended and as a result the entity may not be able to redeem our investment or pay the return expected to us in a timely manner if at all. In addition, we may not be able to dispose of our investment in the entity in a timely manner or at the price at which we would want to divest. In the event that such an entity fails to meet expectations or becomes insolvent, we may lose our entire investment in the entity. Risks Related to Ground Leases. We have in the past and may in the future enter into, as either landlord or tenant, a long-term ground lease with respect to a property or a portion thereof. Such ground leases may contain a rent reset provision that requires both parties to agree to a new rent or is based upon factors, for example fair market rent, that are not objective and are not within our control. We may not be able to agree with the counterparty to a revised rental rate, or the revised rental rate may be set by external factors, which could result in a different rental rate than we forecasted. In the past we have had disagreements with respect to revised rental rates and certain of such disagreements have gone to arbitration (for resolution as provided in the applicable lease agreement) and have been resolved in a manner adverse to us. In addition, the other party may not perform as expected under the ground lease or there may be a dispute with the other party to the ground lease. Any of these circumstances could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition or operating results. We May Experience a Decline in the Fair Value of Our Assets and Be Forced to Recognize Impairment Charges, Which Could Adversely Impact Our Financial Condition, Liquidity and Results of Operations and the Market Price of UDR’s Common Stock. A decline in the fair value of our assets may require us to recognize an impairment against such assets under generally accepted accounting principles as in effect in the United States (“GAAP”), if we were to determine that, with respect to any assets in unrealized loss positions, we do not have the ability and intent to hold such assets for a period of time sufficient to allow for recovery to the amortized cost of such assets. If such a determination were to be made, we would recognize unrealized losses through earnings and write down the amortized cost of such assets to a new cost basis, based on the fair value of such assets on the date they are considered to be impaired. Such impairment charges reflect non-cash losses at the time of recognition; subsequent disposition or sale of such assets could further affect our future losses or gains, as they are based on the difference between the sale price received and adjusted amortized cost of such assets at the time of sale. If we are required to recognize asset impairment charges in the future, these charges could adversely affect our financial condition, liquidity, results of operations and the per share trading price of UDR’s common stock. Any Material Weaknesses Identified in Our Internal Control Over Financial Reporting Could Have an Adverse Effect on UDR’s Stock Price. Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 requires us to evaluate and report on our internal control over financial reporting. If we fail to maintain the adequacy of our internal controls over financial reporting, including any failure to implement required new or improved controls as a result of changes to our business or otherwise, or if we experience difficulties in their implementation, our business, results of operations and financial condition could be materially adversely harmed and we could fail to meet our reporting obligations. In addition, if we have one or more material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting, we could lose investor confidence in the accuracy and completeness of our financial reports, which in turn could have an adverse effect on the per share trading price of UDR’s common stock. A Breach of Information Technology Systems On Which We Rely Could Materially and Adversely Impact Our Business, Financial Condition, Results of Operations and Reputation. We rely on information technology systems, 23 Table of Contents including the internet and networks and systems and software developed, maintained and controlled by third party vendors and other third parties, to process, transmit and store information and to manage or support our business processes. Third party vendors may collect and hold personally identifiable information and other confidential information of our tenants, prospective tenants and employees. We also maintain financial and business information regarding us and persons and entities with which we do business on our information technology systems. While we take steps, and generally require third party vendors to take steps, to protect the security of the information maintained in our and third party vendors’ information technology systems, including associate training and testing and the use of commercially available systems, software, tools and monitoring to provide security for processing, transmitting and storing of the information, it is possible that our or our third party vendors’ security measures will not be able to prevent human error or the systems’ or software’s improper functioning, or the loss, misappropriation, disclosure or corruption of personally identifiable information or other confidential or sensitive information, including information about our tenants and employees. Cybersecurity breaches, including physical or electronic break-ins, computer viruses, malware, phishing scams, attacks by hackers, breaches due to employee error or misconduct, and similar breaches, can create system disruptions, shutdowns or unauthorized access to information maintained on our information technology systems or the information technology systems of our third party vendors or other third parties or otherwise cause disruption or negative impacts to occur to our business and adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations. While we maintain cyber risk insurance to provide some coverage for certain risks arising out of cybersecurity breaches, there is no assurance that such insurance would cover all or a significant portion of the costs or consequences associated with a cybersecurity breach. We have in the past experienced cybersecurity breaches on our information technology systems or relating to software that we utilize, and, while none to date have been material, we expect such breaches may continue to occur in the future. As the techniques used to obtain unauthorized access to information technology systems become more varied and sophisticated and the occurrence of such breaches becomes more frequent, we and our third party vendors and other third parties may be unable to adequately anticipate these techniques or breaches and implement appropriate preventative measures. Any failure to prevent cybersecurity breaches and maintain the proper function, security and availability of our or our third party vendors’ and other third parties’ information technology systems could interrupt our operations, damage our reputation and brand, damage our competitive position, make it difficult for us to attract and retain tenants, and subject us to liability claims or regulatory penalties that could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. Our Business and Operations Would Suffer in the Event of Information Technology System Failures. Despite system redundancy and the existence of a disaster recovery plan for our information technology systems, our information technology systems and the information technology systems maintained by our third party vendors are vulnerable to damage arising from any number of sources beyond our or our third party vendors’ control, including energy blackouts, natural disasters, terrorism, war, and telecommunication failures. Any failure to maintain proper function and availability of our or third party vendors’ information technology systems could interrupt our operations, damage our reputation, subject us to liability claims or regulatory penalties and could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. A Failure to Keep Pace with Developments in Technology Could Impair our Operations or Competitive Position. Our business continues to demand the use of sophisticated systems, software and technology. These systems, software and technologies must be refined, updated and replaced on a regular basis in order for us to meet our business requirements and our residents’ demands and expectations. If we are unable to do so on a timely basis or at a reasonable cost, or fail to do so our business could suffer. We also may not achieve the benefits that we anticipate from any new system, software or technology, and a failure to do so could result in higher than anticipated costs or could adversely affect our results of operation. Social Media Presents Risks. The use of social media could cause us to suffer brand damage or unintended information disclosure. Negative posts or communications about us on a social networking website could damage our reputation. Further, employees or others may disclose non-public information regarding us or our business or otherwise make negative comments regarding us on social networking or other websites, which could adversely affect our business and results of operations. As social media evolves we will be presented with new risks and challenges. Our Success Depends on Our Senior Management. Our success depends upon the retention of our senior management, whose continued service is not guaranteed. We may not be able to find qualified replacements for the individuals who make up our senior management if their services should no longer be available to us. The loss of services of one or more members of our senior management team could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. 24 Table of Contents Changes in U.S. Accounting Standards May Materially and Adversely Affect Our Reported Results of Operations. Accounting for public companies in the United States is in accordance with GAAP, which is established by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”), an independent body whose standards are recognized by the SEC as authoritative for publicly held companies. Uncertainties posed by various initiatives of accounting standard-setting by the FASB and the SEC, which create and interpret applicable accounting standards for U.S. companies, may change the financial accounting and reporting standards or their interpretation and application of these standards that govern the preparation of our financial statements. These changes could have a material impact on our reported financial condition and results of operations. In some cases, we could be required to apply a new or revised standard retroactively, resulting in potentially material restatements of prior period financial statements. Third-Party Expectations Relating to Environmental, Social and Governance Factors May Impose Additional Costs and Expose Us to New Risks. There is an increasing focus from certain investors, tenants, employees, and other stakeholders concerning corporate responsibility, specifically related to environmental, social and governance factors. Some investors may use these factors to guide their investment strategies and, in some cases, may choose not to invest in us if they believe our policies relating to corporate responsibility are inadequate. Third-party providers of corporate responsibility ratings and reports on companies have increased in number, resulting in varied and in some cases inconsistent standards. In addition, the criteria by which companies’ corporate responsibility practices are assessed are evolving, which could result in greater expectations of us and cause us to undertake costly initiatives to satisfy such new criteria. Alternatively, if we elect not to or are unable to satisfy such new criteria or do not meet the criteria of a specific third-party provider, some investors may conclude that our policies with respect to corporate responsibility are inadequate. We may face reputational damage in the event that our corporate responsibility procedures or standards do not meet the standards set by various constituencies. Furthermore, if our competitors’ corporate responsibility performance is perceived to be greater than ours, potential or current investors may elect to invest with our competitors instead. In addition, in the event that we communicate certain initiatives and goals regarding environmental, social and governance matters, we could fail, or be perceived to fail, in our achievement of such initiatives or goals, or we could be criticized for the scope of such initiatives or goals. If we fail to satisfy the expectations of investors, tenants and other stakeholders or our initiatives are not executed as planned, our reputation and financial results could be adversely affected. Risks Related to Our Indebtedness and Financings Insufficient Cash Flow Could Affect Our Debt Financing and Create Refinancing Risk. We are subject to the risks normally associated with debt financing, including the risk that our operating income and cash flow will be insufficient to make required payments of principal and interest, could restrict or limit our ability to incur additional debt, or could restrict our borrowing capacity under our line of credit due to debt covenant restraints. Sufficient cash flow may not be available to make all required debt payments and satisfy UDR’s distribution requirements to maintain its status as a REIT for federal income tax purposes. In addition, the amounts under our line of credit may not be available to us and we may not be able to access the commercial paper market if our operating performance falls outside the constraints of our debt covenants. We are also likely to need to refinance substantially all of our outstanding debt as it matures. We may not be able to refinance existing debt, or the terms of any refinancing may not be as favorable as the terms of the existing debt, which could create pressures to sell assets or to issue additional equity when we would otherwise not choose to do so. In addition, our failure to comply with our debt covenants could result in a requirement to repay our indebtedness prior to its maturity, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and cash flow, and increase our financing costs and impact our ability to make distributions to UDR’s stockholders. Failure to Generate Sufficient Income Could Impair Debt Service Payments and Distributions to Stockholders. If our apartment communities do not generate sufficient revenue to meet rental expenses, our ability to make required payments of interest and principal on our debt securities and to pay distributions to UDR’s stockholders or the Operating Partnership’s or the DownREIT Partnership’s unitholders will be adversely affected. The following factors, among others, may affect the income generated by our apartment communities: ● ● ● the national and local economies; local real estate market conditions, such as an oversupply of apartment homes; tenants’ perceptions of the safety, convenience, and attractiveness of our communities and the neighborhoods where they are located; ● our ability to provide adequate management, maintenance and insurance; 25 Table of Contents ● ● ● ● ● rental expenses, including real estate taxes and utilities; competition from other apartment communities; changes in interest rates and the availability of financing; changes in governmental regulations and the related costs of compliance; and changes in tax and housing laws, including the enactment of rent control laws or other laws regulating multifamily housing. Expenses associated with our investment in an apartment community, such as debt service, real estate taxes, insurance and maintenance costs, are generally not reduced when circumstances cause a reduction in revenue from that community. If a community is mortgaged to secure payment of debt and we are unable to make the mortgage payments, we could sustain a loss as a result of foreclosure on the community or the exercise of other remedies by the mortgage holder. Changing Interest Rates Could Increase Interest Costs and Adversely Affect Our Cash Flow and the Market Price of Our Securities. We currently have, and expect to incur in the future, interest-bearing debt, including unsecured commercial paper, at rates that vary with market interest rates. As of December 31, 2020, UDR had approximately $280.0 million of variable rate indebtedness outstanding, which constitutes approximately 5.5% of total outstanding indebtedness as of such date. As of December 31, 2020, the Operating Partnership had approximately $27.0 million of variable rate indebtedness outstanding, which constitutes approximately 27.1% of total outstanding indebtedness as of such date. An increase in interest rates would increase our interest expenses and increase the costs of refinancing existing indebtedness and of issuing new debt, including unsecured commercial paper. Accordingly, higher interest rates could adversely affect cash flow and our ability to service our debt and to make distributions to security holders. The effect of prolonged interest rate increases could negatively impact our ability to make acquisitions and develop properties. The Phase-Out of LIBOR and Transition to SOFR as a Benchmark Interest Rate Could Have Adverse Effects. In 2018, the Alternative Reference Rate Committee identified the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) as the alternative to LIBOR. SOFR is a broad measure of the cost of borrowing cash overnight collateralized by U.S. Treasury securities, published by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York. By the end of 2021, it is expected that new contracts will not reference LIBOR and will instead use SOFR. Due to the broad use of LIBOR as a reference rate, all financial market participants, including us, are impacted by the risks associated with this transition and therefore it could adversely affect our operations and cash flows. Our Debt Level May Be Increased. Our ability to incur debt is limited by covenants in our bank and other credit agreements. We manage our debt to be in compliance with these debt covenants, but subject to compliance with these covenants, we may increase the amount of our debt at any time without a concurrent improvement in our ability to service the additional debt. Financing May Not Be Available and Could Be Dilutive. Our ability to execute our business strategy depends on our access to an appropriate blend of debt financing, including unsecured lines of credit, construction loans and other forms of secured debt, commercial paper and other forms of unsecured debt, and equity financing, including common and preferred equity. We and other companies in the real estate industry have experienced limited availability of financing from time to time, including due to regulatory changes directly or indirectly affecting financing markets, for example the changes in terms on construction loans brought about by the Basel III capital requirements and the associated “High Volatility Commercial Real Estate” designation, which has adversely impacted the availability of loans, including construction loans, and the proceeds of and the interest rate thereon. Restricted lending practices could impact our ability to obtain financing or refinancing for our properties. If we issue additional equity securities to finance developments and acquisitions instead of incurring debt, the interests of UDR’s existing stockholders could be diluted. Failure To Maintain Our Current Credit Ratings Could Adversely Affect Our Cost of Funds, Related Margins, Liquidity, and Access to Capital Markets. Moody’s and Standard & Poor’s routinely evaluate our debt and have given us ratings on our senior unsecured debt, commercial paper program and preferred stock. These ratings are based on a number of factors, which included their assessment of our financial strength, liquidity, capital structure, asset quality, and sustainability of cash flow and earnings. Due to changes in these factors and market conditions, we may not be able to maintain our current credit ratings, which could adversely affect our cost of funds and related margins, liquidity, and access to capital markets, including our ability to access the commercial paper market. 26 Table of Contents Disruptions in Financial Markets May Adversely Impact Availability and Cost of Credit and Have Other Adverse Effects on Us and the Market Price of UDR’s Stock. Our ability to make scheduled payments on, or to refinance, our debt obligations will depend on our operating and financial performance, which in turn is subject to prevailing economic conditions and to financial, business and other factors beyond our control. The global equity and credit markets experienced, and may experience in the future, periods of extraordinary turmoil and volatility as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, related government actions and uncertainty regarding their duration and impact. These circumstances may materially and adversely impact liquidity in the financial markets at times, making terms for certain financings less attractive or in some cases unavailable. Disruptions and uncertainty in the equity and credit markets may negatively impact our ability to refinance existing indebtedness and access additional financing for acquisitions, development of our properties and other purposes at reasonable terms or at all, which may negatively affect our business and the market price of UDR’s common stock. We also rely on the financial institutions that are parties to our revolving credit facility and other credit facilities. If these institutions become capital constrained, tighten their lending standards or become insolvent or if they experience excessive volumes of borrowing requests from other borrowers within a short period of time, they may be unable or unwilling to honor their funding commitments to us, which would adversely affect our ability to draw on our revolving credit facility. If we are not successful in refinancing our existing indebtedness when it becomes due, we may be forced to dispose of properties on disadvantageous terms, which might adversely affect our ability to service other debt and to meet our other obligations. A prolonged downturn in the financial markets may cause us to seek alternative sources of potentially less attractive financing, and may require us to adjust our business plan accordingly. These events also may make it more difficult or costly for us to raise capital through the issuance of UDR’s common or preferred stock. A Change in U.S. Government Policy or Support Regarding Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac Could Have a Material Adverse Impact on Our Business. While in recent years we have decreased our borrowing from Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac are a major source of financing to participants in the multifamily housing market including potential purchasers of our properties. Potential options for the future of agency mortgage financing in the U.S. have been, and may in the future be, suggested that could involve a reduction in the amount of financing Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac are able to provide, limitations on the loans that the agencies may make, which may not include loans secured by properties like our properties, or the phase out of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. While we believe Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac will continue to provide liquidity to our sector, should they discontinue doing so, have their mandates changed or reduced or be disbanded or reorganized by the government, or if there is reduced government support for multifamily housing generally, it may adversely affect interest rates, capital availability, development of multifamily communities and the value of multifamily residential real estate and, as a result, may adversely affect our business and results of operations. The Soundness of Financial Institutions Could Adversely Affect Us. We have relationships with many financial institutions, including lenders under our credit facilities, and, from time to time, we execute transactions with counterparties in the financial services industry. As a result, defaults by, or even rumors or questions about, financial institutions or the financial services industry generally, could result in losses or defaults by these institutions. In the event that the volatility of the financial markets adversely affects these financial institutions or counterparties, we or other parties to the transactions with us may be unable to complete transactions as intended, which could adversely affect our results of operations. Interest Rate Hedging Contracts May Be Ineffective and May Result in Material Charges. From time to time when we anticipate issuing debt securities, we may seek to limit our exposure to fluctuations in interest rates during the period prior to the pricing of the securities by entering into interest rate hedging contracts. We may do this to increase the predictability of our financing costs. Also, from time to time we may rely on interest rate hedging contracts to limit our exposure under variable rate debt to unfavorable changes in market interest rates. If the terms of new debt securities are not within the parameters of, or market interest rates fall below that which we incur under a particular interest rate hedging contract, the contract is ineffective. Furthermore, the settlement of interest rate hedging contracts has involved and may in the future involve material charges. In addition, our use of interest rate hedging arrangements may expose us to additional risks, including a risk that a counterparty to a hedging arrangement may fail to honor its obligations. Developing an effective interest rate risk strategy is complex and no strategy can completely insulate us from risks associated with interest rate fluctuations. There can be no assurance that our hedging activities will have the desired beneficial impact on our results of operations or financial condition. Termination of these hedging agreements typically involves costs, such as transaction fees or breakage costs. 27 Table of Contents Risks Related to Tax Laws We Would Incur Adverse Tax Consequences if UDR Failed to Qualify as a REIT. UDR has elected to be taxed as a REIT under the Code. Our qualification as a REIT requires us to satisfy numerous requirements, some on an annual and quarterly basis, established under highly technical and complex Code provisions for which there are only limited judicial or administrative interpretations, and involves the determination of various factual matters and circumstances not entirely within our control. We intend that our current organization and method of operation enable us to continue to qualify as a REIT, but we may not so qualify or we may not be able to remain so qualified in the future. In addition, U.S. federal income tax laws governing REITs and other corporations and the administrative interpretations of those laws may be amended at any time, potentially with retroactive effect. Future legislation, new regulations, administrative interpretations or court decisions could adversely affect our ability to qualify as a REIT or adversely affect UDR’s stockholders. If we fail to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year, we would be subject to federal income tax (including, for periods prior to 2018, any applicable alternative minimum tax) on our taxable income at regular corporate rates, and would not be allowed to deduct dividends paid to UDR’s stockholders in computing our taxable income. Also, unless the Internal Revenue Service granted us relief under certain statutory provisions, we could not re-elect REIT status until the fifth calendar year after the year in which we first failed to qualify as a REIT. The additional tax liability from the failure to qualify as a REIT would reduce or eliminate the amount of cash available for investment or distribution to UDR’s stockholders. This would likely have a significant adverse effect on the value of our securities and our ability to raise additional capital. In addition, we would no longer be required to make distributions to UDR’s stockholders. Even if we continue to qualify as a REIT, we will continue to be subject to certain federal, state and local taxes on our income and property. Certain of our subsidiaries have also elected to be taxed as REITs under the Code, and are therefore subject to the same risks in the event that any such subsidiary fails to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year. Dividends Paid by REITs Generally Do Not Qualify for Reduced Tax Rates. In general, the maximum U.S. federal income tax rate for dividends paid to individual U.S. stockholders is 20%. Unlike dividends received from a corporation that is not a REIT, our regular dividends (i.e., dividends other than capital gain dividends) paid to individual stockholders generally are not eligible for the reduced rates. However, individual U.S. stockholders generally may deduct 20% of such regular dividends under Section 199A of the Code, reducing the effective tax rate applicable to such dividends (although such provision will expire after 2025 absent future legislation). UDR Conduct’s a Portion of Its Business Through Taxable REIT Subsidiaries, Which Are Subject to Certain Tax Risks. We have established and conduct a portion of our business through taxable REIT subsidiaries. Despite UDR’s qualification as a REIT, its taxable REIT subsidiaries must pay income tax on their taxable income. In addition, we must comply with various tests to continue to qualify as a REIT for federal income tax purposes, and our income from and investments in our taxable REIT subsidiaries generally do not constitute permissible income and investments for certain of these tests. While we will attempt to ensure that our dealings with our taxable REIT subsidiaries will not adversely affect our REIT qualification, we cannot provide assurance that we will successfully achieve that result. Furthermore, we may be subject to a 100% penalty tax, we may jeopardize our ability to retain future gains on real property sales, or our taxable REIT subsidiaries may be denied deductions, to the extent our dealings with our taxable REIT subsidiaries are not deemed to be arm’s length in nature or are otherwise not respected. REIT Distribution Requirements Limit Our Available Cash. As a REIT, UDR is subject to annual distribution requirements, which limit the amount of cash we retain for other business purposes, including amounts to fund our growth. We generally must distribute annually at least 90% of our net REIT taxable income, excluding any net capital gain, in order for our distributed earnings not to be subject to corporate income tax. We intend to make distributions to UDR’s stockholders to comply with the requirements of the Code. However, differences in timing between the recognition of taxable income and the actual receipt of cash could require us to sell assets or borrow funds on a short-term or long-term basis to meet the 90% distribution requirement of the Code. Certain Property Transfers May Generate Prohibited Transaction Income, Resulting in a Penalty Tax on Gain Attributable to the Transaction. From time to time, we may transfer or otherwise dispose of some of our properties. Under the Code, any gain resulting from transfers of properties that we hold as inventory or primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of business would be treated as income from a prohibited transaction and subject to a 100% penalty tax. Since we acquire properties for investment purposes, we do not believe that our occasional transfers or disposals of property are prohibited transactions. However, whether property is held for investment purposes is a 28 Table of Contents question of fact that depends on all the facts and circumstances surrounding the particular transaction. The Internal Revenue Service may contend that certain transfers or disposals of properties by us are prohibited transactions. If the Internal Revenue Service were to argue successfully that a transfer or disposition of property constituted a prohibited transaction, then we would be required to pay a 100% penalty tax on any gain allocable to us from the prohibited transaction and we may jeopardize our ability to retain future gains on real property sales. In addition, income from a prohibited transaction might adversely affect UDR’s ability to satisfy the income tests for qualification as a REIT for federal income tax purposes. Changes to the U.S. Federal Income Tax Laws, including the Enactment of Certain Tax Reform Measures, Could Have an Adverse Impact on Our Business and Financial Results. In recent years, numerous legislative, judicial and administrative changes have been made to the U.S. federal income tax laws applicable to investments in real estate and REITs, including the passage of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017. Federal legislation intended to ameliorate the economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security Act (the “CARES Act”), has been enacted that makes technical corrections to, or modifies on a temporary basis, certain of the provisions of the Tax Cut and Jobs Act of 2017, and it is possible that additional such legislation may be enacted in the future. The full impact of the Tax Cut and Jobs Act of 2017 and the CARES Act may not become evident for some period of time. In addition, there can be no assurance that future changes to the U.S. federal income tax laws or regulatory changes will not be proposed or enacted that could impact our business and financial results. The REIT rules are regularly under review by persons involved in the legislative process and by the Internal Revenue Service and the U.S. Treasury Department, which may result in revisions to regulations and interpretations in addition to statutory changes. If enacted, certain of such changes could have an adverse impact on our business and financial results. We cannot predict whether, when or to what extent any new U.S. federal tax laws, regulations, interpretations or rulings will impact the real estate investment industry or REITs. Prospective investors are urged to consult their tax advisors regarding the effect of potential future changes to the federal tax laws on an investment in our shares. We May Be Adversely Affected by Changes in State and Local Tax Laws and May Become Subject to Tax Audits from Time to Time. Because UDR is organized and qualifies as a REIT, it is generally not subject to federal income taxes, but it is subject to certain state and local taxes. From time to time, changes in state and local tax laws or regulations are enacted, which may result in an increase in our tax liability. A shortfall in tax revenues for states and local jurisdictions in which we own apartment communities may lead to an increase in the frequency and size of such changes. If such changes occur, we may be required to pay additional state and local taxes. These increased tax costs could adversely affect our financial condition and the amount of cash available for the payment of distributions to UDR’s stockholders. In the normal course of business, we or our affiliates (including entities through which we own real estate) may also become subject to federal, state or local tax audits. If we (or such entities) become subject to federal, state or local tax audits, the ultimate result of such audits could have an adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations. The Operating Partnership and the DownREIT Partnership Intend to Qualify as Partnerships, but Cannot Guarantee That They Will Qualify. The Operating Partnership and the DownREIT Partnership intend to qualify as partnerships for federal income tax purposes, and intend to take that position for all income tax reporting purposes. If classified as partnerships, the Operating Partnership and the DownREIT Partnership generally will not be taxable entities and will not incur federal income tax liability. However, the Operating Partnership and the DownREIT Partnership would be treated as corporations for federal income tax purposes if they were “publicly traded partnerships,” unless at least 90% of their income was qualifying income as defined in the Code. A “publicly traded partnership” is a partnership whose partnership interests are traded on an established securities market or are readily tradable on a secondary market (or the substantial equivalent thereof). Although neither the Operating Partnership’s nor the DownREIT Partnership’s partnership units are traded on an established securities market, because of the redemption rights of their limited partners, the Operating Partnership’s and DownREIT Partnership’s units held by limited partners could be viewed as readily tradable on a secondary market (or the substantial equivalent thereof), and the Operating Partnership and the DownREIT Partnership may not qualify for one of the “safe harbors” under the applicable tax regulations. Qualifying income for the 90% test generally includes passive income, such as real property rents, dividends and interest. The income requirements applicable to REITs and the definition of qualifying income for purposes of this 90% test are similar in most respects. The Operating Partnership and the DownREIT Partnership may not meet this qualifying income test. If either the Operating Partnership or the DownREIT Partnership were to be taxed as a corporation, it would incur substantial tax liabilities, and UDR would then fail to qualify as a REIT for tax purposes, unless it qualified for relief under certain statutory savings provisions, and our ability to raise additional capital would be impaired. In addition, even 29 Table of Contents if the 90% test were met if the Operating Partnership or the DownREIT Partnership were a publicly traded partnership, there could be adverse tax impacts for certain limited partners. Qualifying as a REIT Involves Highly Technical and Complex Provisions of the Code. Our qualification as a REIT involves the application of highly technical and complex Code provisions for which only limited judicial and administrative authorities exist. Even a technical or inadvertent violation could jeopardize our REIT qualification. Moreover, new legislation, court decisions or administrative guidance, in each case possibly with retroactive effect, may make it more difficult or impossible for us to qualify as a REIT. Our qualification as a REIT will depend on our satisfaction of certain asset, income, organizational, distribution, shareholder ownership and other requirements on a continuing basis. Our ability to satisfy the REIT income and asset tests depends upon our analysis of the characterization and fair market values of our assets, some of which are not susceptible to a precise determination and for which we will not obtain independent appraisals, and upon our ability to successfully manage the composition of our income and assets on an ongoing basis. In addition, our ability to satisfy the requirements to qualify as a REIT depends in part on the actions of third parties over which we have no control or only limited influence, including in cases where we own an equity interest in an entity that is classified as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Risks Related to Our Organization and Ownership of UDR’s Stock Changes in Market Conditions and Volatility of Stock Prices Could Adversely Affect the Market Price of UDR’s Common Stock. The stock markets, including the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”), on which we list UDR’s common stock, have experienced significant price and volume fluctuations, including recently as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. As a result, the market price of UDR’s common stock has been, and in the future could be similarly volatile, and investors in UDR’s common stock may experience a decrease in the value of their shares, including decreases unrelated to our operating performance or prospects. In addition to the risks listed in this “Risk Factors” section, a number of factors could negatively affect the price per share of UDR’s common stock, including: ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● general market and economic conditions; actual or anticipated variations in UDR’s quarterly operating results or dividends or UDR’s payment of dividends in shares of UDR’s stock; changes in our funds from operations or earnings estimates; difficulties or inability to access capital or extend or refinance existing debt; decreasing (or uncertainty in) real estate valuations; changes in market valuations of similar companies; publication of research reports about us or the real estate industry; the general reputation of real estate investment trusts and the attractiveness of their equity securities in comparison to other equity securities (including securities issued by other real estate companies); general stock and bond market conditions, including changes in interest rates on fixed income securities, that may lead prospective purchasers of UDR’s stock to demand a higher annual yield from future dividends; a change in analyst ratings; additions or departures of key management personnel; adverse market reaction to any additional debt we incur in the future; speculation in the press or investment community; terrorist activity which may adversely affect the markets in which UDR’s securities trade, possibly increasing market volatility and causing the further erosion of business and consumer confidence and spending; failure to qualify as a REIT; strategic decisions by us or by our competitors, such as acquisitions, divestments, spin-offs, joint ventures, strategic investments or changes in business strategy; 30 Table of Contents ● ● ● failure to satisfy listing requirements of the NYSE; governmental regulatory action and changes in tax laws; and the issuance of additional shares of UDR’s common stock, or the perception that such sales might occur, including under UDR’s at-the-market equity distribution program. Many of the factors listed above are beyond our control. These factors may cause the market price of shares of UDR’s common stock to decline, regardless of our financial condition, results of operations, business or our prospects. We May Change the Dividend Policy for UDR’s Common Stock in the Future. The decision to declare and pay dividends on UDR’s common stock, as well as the timing, amount and composition of any such future dividends, will be at the sole discretion of our board of directors and will depend on our earnings, funds from operations, liquidity, financial condition, capital requirements, contractual prohibitions or other limitations under our indebtedness, the annual distribution requirements under the REIT provisions of the Code, state law and such other factors as our board of directors considers relevant. Any change in our dividend policy could have an adverse effect on the market price of UDR’s common stock. Maryland Law May Limit the Ability of a Third Party to Acquire Control of Us, Which May Not be in UDR’s Stockholders’ Best Interests. Maryland business statutes may limit the ability of a third party to acquire control of us. As a Maryland corporation, we are subject to various Maryland laws which may have the effect of discouraging offers to acquire our Company and of increasing the difficulty of consummating any such offers, even if our acquisition would be in UDR’s stockholders’ best interests. The Maryland General Corporation Law restricts mergers and other business combination transactions between us and any person who acquires beneficial ownership of shares of UDR’s stock representing 10% or more of the voting power without our board of directors’ prior approval. Any such business combination transaction could not be completed until five years after the person acquired such voting power, and generally only with the approval of stockholders representing 80% of all votes entitled to be cast and 66 2/3 % of the votes entitled to be cast, excluding the interested stockholder, or upon payment of a fair price. Maryland law also provides generally that a person who acquires shares of our equity stock that represents 10% (and certain higher levels) of the voting power in electing directors will have no voting rights unless approved by a vote of two-thirds of the shares eligible to vote. Limitations on Share Ownership and Limitations on the Ability of UDR’s Stockholders to Effect a Change in Control of Our Company Restricts the Transferability of UDR’s Stock and May Prevent Takeovers That are Beneficial to UDR’s Stockholders. One of the requirements for maintenance of our qualification as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes is that no more than 50% in value of our outstanding capital stock may be owned by five or fewer individuals, including entities specified in the Code, during the last half of any taxable year. Our charter contains ownership and transfer restrictions relating to UDR’s stock primarily to assist us in complying with this and other REIT ownership requirements; however, the restrictions may have the effect of preventing a change of control, which does not threaten REIT status. These restrictions include a provision that generally limits ownership by any person of more than 9.9% of the value of our outstanding equity stock, unless our board of directors exempts the person from such ownership limitation, provided that any such exemption shall not allow the person to exceed 13% of the value of our outstanding equity stock. Absent such an exemption from our board of directors, the transfer of UDR’s stock to any person in excess of the applicable ownership limit, or any transfer of shares of such stock in violation of the ownership requirements of the Code for REITs, will be considered null and void, and the intended transferee of such stock will acquire no rights in such shares. These provisions of our charter may have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing someone from taking control of us, even though a change of control might involve a premium price for UDR’s stockholders or might otherwise be in UDR’s stockholders’ best interests. Item 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS None. 31 Table of Contents Item 2. PROPERTIES At December 31, 2020, our consolidated apartment portfolio included 149 communities located in 21 markets, with a total of 48,283 completed apartment homes. The tables below set forth a summary of real estate portfolio by geographic market of the Company and of the Operating Partnership at December 31, 2020. SUMMARY OF REAL ESTATE PORTFOLIO BY GEOGRAPHIC MARKET AT DECEMBER 31, 2020 UDR, INC. Number of Apartment Communities Percentage Number of of Total Apartment Carrying Homes Value Total Carrying Value Encumbrances (in thousands) (in thousands) Cost per Average Physical Home Occupancy Average Home Size (in square feet) WEST REGION Orange County, CA San Francisco, CA Seattle, WA Monterey Peninsula, CA Los Angeles, CA Other Southern California Portland, OR MID-ATLANTIC REGION Metropolitan D.C. Baltimore, MD Richmond, VA NORTHEAST REGION New York, NY Boston, MA Philadelphia, PA SOUTHEAST REGION Tampa, FL Orlando, FL Nashville, TN Other Florida SOUTHWEST REGION Dallas, TX Austin, TX Denver, CO Total Operating Communities Real Estate Under Development (a) Land Held for Disposition Other Total Real Estate Owned 11 11 14 7 4 3 3 23 5 4 6 11 1 11 9 8 1 11 4 1 148 — — 1 — 149 4,950 2,751 2,725 1,565 1,225 817 752 8,402 1,597 1,358 2,318 4,298 313 3,874 2,500 2,260 636 3,864 1,272 218 47,695 202 — 386 — 48,283 11.5 % $ 6.8 % 7.3 % 1.4 % 3.5 % 1.6 % 0.9 % 1,500,611 $ 888,683 957,686 185,224 463,166 211,285 120,324 27,000 — $ 303,154 323,041 — 351,444 — 118,353 — 378,094 — 258,611 — 160,005 18.1 % 2.6 % 1.2 % 2,350,124 338,347 153,906 288,530 58,600 279,710 211,864 — 113,333 11.9 % 12.8 % 0.8 % 1,552,358 1,669,381 107,736 — 669,697 388,409 271,550 — 344,204 4.8 % 1.8 % 1.7 % 0.7 % 625,752 240,102 223,827 89,630 4.4 % 1.3 % 1.1 % 96.2 % 581,118 171,482 144,998 12,575,740 — 161,526 96,041 — — 99,038 — 140,928 205,870 150,393 — 134,813 — 665,128 $ 263,670 851,550 1.9 % 0.5 % 0.9 % 0.5 % 247,877 61,682 116,655 69,518 100.0 % $ 13,071,472 $ — — — 10,597 862,147 96.4 % 91.5 % 96.7 % 96.6 % 95.5 % 97.2 % 96.6 % 96.5 % 97.1 % 97.8 % 92.5 % 94.4 % 96.1 % 97.0 % 96.8 % 97.8 % 97.2 % 96.8 % 97.6 % 93.1 % 96.0 % 872 841 887 729 967 1,018 903 915 938 1,018 754 987 1,054 996 946 933 1,130 868 913 955 908 (a) As of December 31, 2020, the Company was developing five wholly owned communities with a total of 1,378 apartment homes, 202 of which have been completed. 32 Table of Contents SUMMARY OF REAL ESTATE PORTFOLIO BY GEOGRAPHIC MARKET AT DECEMBER 31, 2020 UNITED DOMINION REALTY, L.P. Number of Apartment Communities Percentage Number of of Total Apartment Carrying Homes Value Total Carrying Value (in thousands) Encumbrances (in thousands) Cost per Home Average Physical Occupancy Average Home Size (in square feet) WEST REGION Orange County, CA San Francisco, CA Seattle, WA Monterey Peninsula, CA Los Angeles, CA Other Southern California Portland, OR MID-ATLANTIC REGION Metropolitan D.C. Baltimore, MD NORTHEAST REGION New York, NY Boston, MA SOUTHEAST REGION Tampa, FL Nashville, TN Other Florida SOUTHWEST REGION Denver, CO Total Operating Communities Other Total Real Estate Owned 5 9 5 7 2 1 2 6 2 2 1 3 6 1 1 53 — 53 3,119 2,185 932 1,565 344 414 476 2,136 540 996 387 1,614 1,612 636 19.3 % $ 15.8 % 5.9 % 4.7 % 3.0 % 1.9 % 1.3 % 14.7 % 2.8 % 16.0 % 1.9 % 2.8 % 3.9 % 2.3 % $ 753,801 617,359 233,963 185,224 118,281 76,906 52,126 568,202 108,779 624,255 76,059 233,991 157,415 89,630 27,000 — $ 241,680 282,546 — 251,033 — 118,353 — 343,837 — 185,763 — 109,508 — 266,012 — 201,443 — 626,762 196,535 72,500 — 144,976 97,652 — — 140,928 96.6 % 93.6 % 97.0 % 96.6 % 96.4 % 97.6 % 97.1 % 95.6 % 97.8 % 90.0 % 95.5 % 97.7 % 97.6 % 97.2 % 218 3.7 % 144,998 — 665,128 93.1 % 17,174 — 100.0 % — % 4,040,989 2,736 99,500 (396) $ 235,297 96.0 % 17,174 100.0 % $ 4,043,725 $ 99,104 805 829 874 729 976 996 903 919 967 687 1,069 1,068 925 1,130 955 884 Item 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS We are subject to various legal proceedings and claims arising in the ordinary course of business. We cannot determine the ultimate liability with respect to such legal proceedings and claims at this time. We believe that such liability, to the extent not provided for through insurance or otherwise, will not have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations or cash flow. Item 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES Not Applicable. 33 Table of Contents Item 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES PART II UDR, Inc.: Common Stock UDR, Inc.’s common stock has been listed on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) under the symbol “UDR” since May 7, 1990. On February 16, 2021, there were 3,173 holders of record of the 296,820,995 outstanding shares of our common stock. We have determined that, for federal income tax purposes, approximately 73% of the distributions for 2020 represented ordinary income, less than 1% represented qualified ordinary income, 21% represented long-term capital gain and 6% represented unrecaptured section 1250 gain. UDR pays regular quarterly distributions to holders of its common stock. Future distributions will be at the discretion of our Board of Directors and will depend on our actual funds from operations, financial condition and capital requirements, the annual distribution requirements under the REIT provisions of the Code, and other factors. Series E Preferred Stock The Series E Cumulative Convertible Preferred Stock (“Series E”) has no stated par value and a liquidation preference of $16.61 per share. Subject to certain adjustments and conditions, each share of the Series E is convertible at any time at the holder’s option into 1.083 shares of our common stock. The holders of the Series E are entitled to vote on an as-converted basis as a single class in combination with the holders of common stock at any meeting of our stockholders for the election of directors or for any other purpose on which the holders of common stock are entitled to vote. The Series E has no stated maturity and is not subject to any sinking fund or any mandatory redemption. In connection with a special dividend (declared on November 5, 2008), the Company reserved for issuance upon conversion of the Series E additional shares of common stock to which a holder of the Series E would have received if the holder had converted the Series E immediately prior to the record date for this special dividend. Distributions declared on the Series E for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 were $1.5592 per share, or $0.3898 per quarter, and $1.4832 per share, or $0.3708 per quarter, respectively. The Series E is not listed on any exchange. At December 31, 2020, a total of 2.7 million shares of the Series E were outstanding. Series F Preferred Stock We are authorized to issue up to 20.0 million shares of our Series F Preferred Stock (“Series F”). The Series F may be purchased by holders of our Operating Partnership Units, or OP Units, described below under “Operating Partnership Units,” and holders of limited partnership interests in the DownREIT Partnership at a purchase price of $0.0001 per share. OP/DownREIT unitholders are entitled to subscribe for and purchase one share of the Series F for each OP/DownREIT Unit held. As of December 31, 2020, a total of 14.4 million shares of the Series F were outstanding. Holders of the Series F are entitled to one vote for each share of the Series F they hold, voting together with the holders of our common stock, on each matter submitted to a vote of security holders at a meeting of our stockholders. The Series F does not entitle its holders to any other rights, privileges or preferences. Distribution Reinvestment and Stock Purchase Plan We have a Distribution Reinvestment and Stock Purchase Plan under which holders of our common stock may elect to automatically reinvest their distributions and make additional cash payments to acquire additional shares of our common stock. Stockholders who do not participate in the plan continue to receive distributions as and when declared. As of February 16, 2021, there were approximately 1,911 participants in the plan. 34 Table of Contents United Dominion Realty, L.P.: Operating Partnership Units There is no established public trading market for United Dominion Realty, L.P.’s Operating Partnership Units. From time to time we issue shares of our common stock in exchange for OP Units tendered to the Operating Partnership for redemption in accordance with the provisions of the Operating Partnership’s limited partnership agreement. At December 31, 2020, there were 184.8 million OP Units outstanding in the Operating Partnership, of which 176.2 million OP Units or 95.3% were owned by UDR and affiliated entities and 8.6 million OP Units or 4.7% were owned by non-affiliated limited partners. Under the terms of the Operating Partnership’s limited partnership agreement, the holders of OP Units have the right to require the Operating Partnership to redeem all or a portion of the OP Units held by the holder in exchange for a cash payment based on the market value of our common stock at the time of redemption. However, the Operating Partnership’s obligation to pay the cash amount is subject to the prior right of the Company to acquire such OP Units in exchange for either the cash amount or the number of shares of our common stock equal to the number of OP Units being redeemed. During the three months ended December 31, 2020, we did not issue any shares of our common stock upon redemption of OP Units in reliance upon an exemption from registration provided by Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act of 1933. Purchases of Equity Securities In February 2006, UDR’s Board of Directors authorized a 10 million share repurchase program. In January 2008, UDR’s Board of Directors authorized a new 15 million share repurchase program. Under the two share repurchase programs, UDR may repurchase shares of our common stock in open market purchases, block purchases, privately negotiated transactions or otherwise. The following table summarizes all of UDR’s repurchases of shares of common stock under these programs during the quarter ended December 31, 2020 (shares in thousands): Period Beginning Balance October 1, 2020 through October 31, 2020 November 1, 2020 through November 30, 2020 December 1, 2020 through December 31, 2020 Balance as of December 31, 2020 Total Number Maximum Number of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly or Programs Average Price Paid Announced Plans Under the Plans or Programs (a) per Share 14,439 $ 23.75 14,439 — 14,439 — 14,439 — 14,439 $ 23.75 11,158 — — — 11,158 Total Number of Shares Purchased 11,158 — — — 11,158 (a) This number reflects the amount of shares that were available for purchase under our 10 million share repurchase program authorized in February 2006 and our 15 million share repurchase program authorized in January 2008. 35 Table of Contents Comparison of Five-year Cumulative Total Returns The following graph compares the five-year cumulative total returns for UDR common stock with the comparable cumulative return of the Nareit Equity REIT Index, Standard & Poor’s 500 Stock Index, the Nareit Equity Apartment Index and the MSCI U.S. REIT Index. The graph assumes that $100 was invested on December 31, 2014, in each of our common stock and the indices presented. Historical stock price performance is not necessarily indicative of future stock price performance. The comparison assumes that all dividends are reinvested. Period Ending Index UDR, Inc. Nareit Equity Apartment Index MSCI U.S. REIT Index S&P 500 Index Nareit Equity REIT Index 12/31/2015 12/31/2016 12/31/2017 12/31/2018 12/31/2019 12/31/2020 120.74 118.30 126.65 203.04 126.25 116.42 110.63 108.89 130.42 108.91 141.42 139.75 137.03 171.49 137.23 109.41 106.68 114.11 136.40 114.19 100.27 102.86 108.60 111.96 108.52 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 The performance graph and the related chart and text, are being furnished solely to accompany this Annual Report on Form 10-K pursuant to Item 201(e) of Regulation S-K, and are not being filed for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and are not to be incorporated by reference into any filing of ours, whether made before or after the date hereof, regardless of any general incorporation language in such filing. Item 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA Not Applicable. 36 Table of Contents Item 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS Forward-Looking Statements This Report contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Such forward-looking statements include, without limitation, statements concerning property acquisitions and dispositions, development activity and capital expenditures, capital raising activities, rent growth, occupancy, rental expense growth and expected or potential impacts of the novel coronavirus disease (“COVID-19”) pandemic. Words such as “expects,” “anticipates,” “intends,” “plans,” “likely,” “will,” “believes,” “seeks,” “estimates,” and variations of such words and similar expressions are intended to identify such forward-looking statements. Such statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors which may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from the results of operations or plans expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. Such factors include, among other things, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and measures intended to prevent its spread or address its effect, unfavorable changes in the apartment market, changing economic conditions, the impact of inflation/deflation on rental rates and property operating expenses, expectations concerning the availability of capital and the stability of the capital markets, the impact of competition and competitive pricing, acquisitions, developments and redevelopments not achieving anticipated results, delays in completing developments and redevelopments, delays in completing lease-ups on schedule or at expected rent and occupancy levels, expectations on job growth, home affordability and demand/supply ratio for multifamily housing, expectations concerning development and redevelopment activities, expectations on occupancy levels and rental rates, expectations concerning joint ventures and partnerships with third parties, expectations that automation will help grow net operating income, and expectations on annualized net operating income. The following factors, among others, could cause our future results to differ materially from those expressed in the forward-looking statements: ● the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and measures intended to prevent its spread or address its effects; ● general economic conditions; ● unfavorable changes in apartment market and economic conditions that could adversely affect occupancy levels and rental rates, including as a result of COVID-19; ● the failure of acquisitions to achieve anticipated results; ● possible difficulty in selling apartment communities; ● competitive factors that may limit our ability to lease apartment homes or increase or maintain rents; ● insufficient cash flow that could affect our debt financing and create refinancing risk; ● failure to generate sufficient revenue, which could impair our debt service payments and distributions to stockholders; ● development and construction risks that may impact our profitability; ● potential damage from natural disasters, including hurricanes and other weather-related events, which could result in substantial costs to us; ● risks from climate change that impacts our properties or operations; ● risks from extraordinary losses for which we may not have insurance or adequate reserves; ● risks from cybersecurity breaches of our information technology systems and the information technology systems of our third party vendors and other third parties; ● uninsured losses due to insurance deductibles, self-insurance retention, uninsured claims or casualties, or losses in excess of applicable coverage; 37 Table of Contents ● delays in completing developments and lease-ups on schedule; ● our failure to succeed in new markets; ● risks that third parties who have an interest in or are otherwise involved in projects in which we have an interest, including mezzanine borrowers, joint venture partners or other investors, do not perform as expected; ● changing interest rates, which could increase interest costs and affect the market price of our securities; ● potential liability for environmental contamination, which could result in substantial costs to us; ● the imposition of federal taxes if we fail to qualify as a REIT under the Code in any taxable year; ● our internal control over financial reporting may not be considered effective which could result in a loss of investor confidence in our financial reports, and in turn have an adverse effect on our stock price; and ● changes in real estate laws, tax laws, rent control or stabilization laws or other laws affecting our business. A discussion of these and other factors affecting our business and prospects is set forth in Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors. We encourage investors to review these risk factors. Although we believe that the assumptions underlying the forward-looking statements contained herein are reasonable, any of the assumptions could be inaccurate, and therefore such statements included in this Report may not prove to be accurate. In light of the significant uncertainties inherent in the forward-looking statements included herein, the inclusion of such information should not be regarded as a representation by us or any other person that the results or conditions described in such statements or our objectives and plans will be achieved. Forward-looking statements and such risks, uncertainties and other factors speak only as of the date of this Report, and we expressly disclaim any obligation or undertaking to update or revise any forward-looking statement contained herein, to reflect any change in our expectations with regard thereto, or any other change in events, conditions or circumstances on which any such statement is based, except to the extent otherwise required by law. COVID-19 Update See Part I, Item 1. “Business – COVID-19 Update” above for more information on the impact of COVID-19 on the Company. The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements appearing elsewhere herein and is based primarily on the consolidated financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2020, and 2019 of each UDR, Inc. and United Domination Realty, L.P. This section of this Form 10-K generally discusses 2020 and 2019 items and year-to-year comparisons between 2020 and 2019 of UDR, Inc. and United Domination Realty, L.P. Discussions of 2018 items and year-to-year comparisons between 2019 and 2018 that are not included in this Form 10-K can be found in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in Part II, Item 7 of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019. UDR, Inc.: Business Overview We are a self-administered real estate investment trust, or REIT, that owns, operates, acquires, renovates, develops, redevelops, disposes of, and manages multifamily apartment communities. We were formed in 1972 as a Virginia corporation. In June 2003, we changed our state of incorporation from Virginia to Maryland. Our subsidiaries include the Operating Partnership and the DownREIT Partnership. Unless the context otherwise requires, all references in this Report to “we,” “us,” “our,” “the Company,” or “UDR” refer collectively to UDR, Inc., its subsidiaries and its consolidated joint ventures. 38 Table of Contents At December 31, 2020, our consolidated real estate portfolio included of 149 communities in 13 states plus the District of Columbia totaling of 48,283 apartment homes. In addition, we have an ownership interest in 5,295 completed or to-be- completed apartment homes through unconsolidated joint ventures or partnerships, including 2,165 apartment homes owned by entities in which we hold preferred equity investments. The Same-Store Community apartment home population for the year ended December 31, 2020, was 37,607. Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with United States generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) requires management to use judgment in the application of accounting policies, including making estimates and assumptions. A critical accounting policy is one that is both important to our financial condition and results of operations as well as involves some degree of uncertainty. Estimates are prepared based on management’s assessment after considering all evidence available. Changes in estimates could affect our financial position or results of operations. Below is a discussion of the accounting policies that we consider critical to understanding our financial condition or results of operations where there is uncertainty or where significant judgment is required. A discussion of our significant accounting policies, including further discussion of the accounting policies described below, can be found in Note 2, Significant Accounting Policies, to the Notes to the UDR, Inc. Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Report. Cost Capitalization In conformity with GAAP, we capitalize those expenditures that materially enhance the value of an existing asset or substantially extend the useful life of an existing asset. Expenditures necessary to maintain an existing property in ordinary operating condition are expensed as incurred. In addition to construction costs, we capitalize costs directly related to the predevelopment, development, and redevelopment of a capital project, which include, but are not limited to, interest, real estate taxes, insurance, and allocated development and redevelopment overhead related to support costs for personnel working on the capital projects. We use our professional judgment in determining whether such costs meet the criteria for capitalization or must be expensed as incurred. These costs are capitalized only during the period in which activities necessary to ready an asset for its intended use are in progress and such costs are incremental and identifiable to a specific activity to get the asset ready for its intended use. As each home in a capital project is completed and becomes available for lease-up, the Company ceases capitalization on the related portion. The costs capitalized are reported on the Consolidated Balance Sheets as Total real estate owned, net of accumulated depreciation. Amounts capitalized during the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019, and 2018 were $19.0 million, $13.5 million, and $18.1 million, respectively. Investment in Unconsolidated Entities We may enter into various joint venture agreements and/or partnerships with unrelated third parties to hold or develop real estate assets. We must determine for each of these ventures whether to consolidate the entity or account for our investment under the equity method of accounting. We determine whether to consolidate a joint venture or partnership based on our rights and obligations under the venture agreement, applying the applicable accounting guidance. The application of the rules in evaluating the accounting treatment for each joint venture or partnership is complex and requires substantial management judgment. We evaluate our accounting for investments on a regular basis including when a significant change in the design of an entity occurs. Throughout our financial statements, and in this Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, we use the term “joint venture” or “partnership” when referring to investments in entities in which we do not have a 100% ownership interest. We continually evaluate our investments in unconsolidated joint ventures when events or changes in circumstances indicate that there may be an other-than-temporary decline in value. We consider various factors to determine if a decrease in the value of the investment is other-than-temporary. These factors include, but are not limited to, age of the venture, our intent and ability to retain our investment in the entity, the financial condition and long-term prospects of the entity, and the relationships with the other joint venture partners and its lenders. The amount of loss recognized is the excess of the investment’s carrying amount over its estimated fair value. If we believe that the decline in fair value is temporary, no impairment is recorded. The aforementioned factors are taken as a whole by management in determining the valuation of our investment property. Should the actual results differ from management’s judgment, the valuation could be negatively affected and may result in a negative impact to our Consolidated Financial Statements. 39 Table of Contents Impairment of Long-Lived Assets Quarterly or when changes in circumstances warrant, we will assess our real estate properties for indicators of impairment. The judgments regarding the existence of impairment indicators are based on certain factors. Such factors include, among other things, operational performance, market conditions, the Company’s intent and ability to hold the related asset, as well as any significant cost overruns on development properties. If a real estate property has indicators of impairment, we assess whether the long-lived asset’s carrying value exceeds the community’s undiscounted future cash flows, which is representative of projected net operating income (“NOI”) plus the residual value of the community. Our future cash flow estimates are based upon historical results adjusted to reflect our best estimate of future market and operating conditions and our estimated holding periods. If such indicators of impairment are present and the carrying value exceeds the undiscounted cash flows of the community, an impairment loss is recognized equal to the excess of the carrying amount of the asset over its estimated fair value. Our estimates of fair value represent our best estimate based primarily upon unobservable inputs related to rental rates, operating costs, growth rates, discount rates, capitalization rates, industry trends and reference to market rates and transactions. For long-lived assets to be disposed of, impairment losses are recognized when the fair value of the asset less estimated cost to sell is less than the carrying value of the asset. Properties classified as real estate held for disposition generally represent properties that are actively marketed or contracted for sale with the closing expected to occur within the next twelve months. Real estate held for disposition is carried at the lower of cost, net of accumulated depreciation, or fair value, less the cost to sell, determined on an asset-by-asset basis. Expenditures for ordinary repair and maintenance costs on held for disposition properties are charged to expense as incurred. Expenditures for improvements, renovations, and replacements related to held for disposition properties are capitalized at cost. Depreciation is not recorded on real estate held for disposition. Real Estate Investment Properties We purchase real estate investment properties from time to time and record the fair value to various components, such as land, buildings, and intangibles related to in-place leases, based on the fair value of each component. In making estimates of fair values for purposes of allocating purchase price, we utilize various sources, including independent appraisals, our own analysis of recently acquired and existing comparable properties in our portfolio and other market data. The fair value of buildings is determined as if the buildings were vacant upon acquisition and subsequently leased at market rental rates. As such, the determination of fair value considers the present value of all cash flows expected to be generated from the property including an initial lease-up period. We determine the fair value of in-place leases by assessing the net effective rent and remaining term of the lease relative to market terms for similar leases at acquisition. In addition, we consider the cost of acquiring similar leases, the foregone rents associated with the lease-up period, and the carrying costs associated with the lease-up period. The fair value of in-place leases is recorded and amortized as amortization expense over the remaining average contractual lease period. REIT Status We are a Maryland corporation that has elected to be treated for federal income tax purposes as a REIT. A REIT is a legal entity that holds interests in real estate and is required by the Code to meet a number of organizational and operational requirements, including a requirement that a REIT must distribute at least 90% of our REIT taxable income (other than our net capital gain) to our stockholders. If we were to fail to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year, we will be subject to federal and state income taxes at the regular corporate rates and may not be able to qualify as a REIT for four years. Based on the net earnings reported for the year ended December 31, 2020 in our Consolidated Statements of Operations, we would have incurred federal and state GAAP income taxes if we had failed to qualify as a REIT. 40 Table of Contents Summary of Real Estate Portfolio by Geographic Market The following table summarizes our market information by major geographic markets as of and for the year ended December 31, 2020: Same-Store Communities West Region Orange County, CA San Francisco, CA Seattle, WA Monterey Peninsula, CA Los Angeles, CA Other Southern California Portland, OR Mid-Atlantic Region Metropolitan D.C. Baltimore, MD Richmond, VA Northeast Region Boston, MA New York, NY Southeast Region Tampa, FL Orlando, FL Nashville, TN Other Florida Southwest Region Dallas, TX Austin, TX Denver, CO Total/Average Same-Store Communities Non-Mature, Commercial Properties & Other Total Real Estate Held for Investment Real Estate Under Development (b) Real Estate Held for Disposition (c) Total Real Estate Owned Total Accumulated Depreciation Total Real Estate Owned, Net of Accumulated Depreciation December 31, 2020 Percentage of Total Number of Number of Apartment Apartment Carrying Communities Homes Value Total Carrying Value (in thousands) Occupancy Average Physical Year Ended December 31, 2020 Net Operating Income (in thousands) Monthly Income per Occupied Home (a) 10 11 13 7 4 2 2 20 3 4 4 3 7 9 8 1 4,434 2,751 2,570 1,565 1,225 654 476 7,496 720 1,358 1,388 1,452 2,287 2,500 2,260 636 7 4 1 120 28 148 — 1 149 2,345 1,272 218 37,607 10,088 47,695 202 386 48,283 8.8 % $ 1,145,371 885,036 6.8 % 889,749 6.8 % 185,224 1.4 % 463,167 3.5 % 111,656 0.9 % 52,126 0.4 % 14.9 % 1.2 % 1.2 % 1,944,746 156,797 153,906 96.5 % $ 91.5 % 96.7 % 96.6 % 95.5 % 97.7 % 97.1 % 96.8 % 97.9 % 97.8 % 3.6 % 7.9 % 470,541 1,037,337 95.1 % 92.6 % 97.1 % 96.8 % 97.8 % 97.2 % 97.3 % 97.6 % 93.1 % 96.3 % $ 2.1 % 1.8 % 1.7 % 0.7 % 274,126 240,100 223,827 89,630 2.3 % 1.3 % 1.1 % 68.4 % 298,205 171,483 144,959 8,937,986 28.8 % 3,768,954 97.2 % 12,706,940 247,877 1.9 % 116,655 0.9 % 100.0 % 13,071,472 (4,605,366) $ 8,466,106 $ 2,328 3,501 2,471 1,940 2,765 2,038 1,637 2,077 1,720 1,422 2,783 4,135 1,484 1,413 1,378 1,656 1,382 1,548 3,012 2,126 $ 91,704 76,760 53,010 27,587 27,585 11,796 6,623 125,654 9,603 16,874 32,372 33,181 25,949 28,541 25,943 8,085 24,124 13,607 5,200 644,198 196,868 841,066 215 12,421 853,702 (a) Monthly Income per Occupied Home represents total monthly revenues divided by the average physical number of occupied apartment homes in our Same-Store portfolio. (b) As of December 31, 2020, the Company was developing five wholly owned communities with a total of 1,378 apartment homes, 202 of which have been completed. (c) The Company had one community located in Orange County, California that met the criteria to be classified as held for disposition at December 31, 2020. We report in two segments: Same-Store Communities and Non-Mature Communities/Other. Our Same-Store Communities segment represents those communities acquired, developed, and stabilized prior to January 1, 2019 and held as of December 31, 2020. These communities were owned and had stabilized occupancy and operating expenses as of the beginning of the prior year, there is no plan to conduct substantial redevelopment activities, and the communities are not classified as held for disposition at year end. A community is considered to have stabilized occupancy once it achieves 90% occupancy for at least three consecutive months. 41 Table of Contents Our Non-Mature Communities/Other segment represents those communities that do not meet the criteria to be included in Same-Store Communities, including, but not limited to, recently acquired, developed and redeveloped communities, and the non-apartment components of mixed use properties. Liquidity and Capital Resources Liquidity is the ability to meet present and future financial obligations either through operating cash flows, sales of properties, borrowings under our credit agreements, and/or the issuance of debt and/or equity securities. Our primary source of liquidity is our cash flow from operations, as determined by rental rates, occupancy levels, and operating expenses related to our portfolio of apartment homes, and borrowings under our credit agreements. We routinely use our working capital credit facility, our unsecured revolving credit facility and issuances of commercial paper to temporarily fund certain investing and financing activities prior to arranging for longer-term financing or the issuance of equity or debt securities. During the past several years, proceeds from the sale of real estate have been used for both investing and financing activities as we continue to execute on maintaining a diversified portfolio. We expect to meet our short-term liquidity requirements generally through net cash provided by property operations and borrowings under our credit agreements and our unsecured commercial paper program. We expect to meet certain long-term liquidity requirements such as scheduled debt maturities, the repayment of financing on development activities, and potential property acquisitions, through net cash provided by property operations, secured and unsecured borrowings, the issuance of debt or equity securities, and/or the disposition of properties. We believe that our net cash provided by property operations and borrowings under our credit agreements and our unsecured commercial paper program will continue to be adequate to meet both operating requirements and the payment of dividends by the Company in accordance with REIT requirements. Likewise, the budgeted expenditures for improvements and renovations of certain properties are expected to be funded from property operations, borrowings under credit agreements, the issuance of debt or equity securities, and/or dispositions of properties. We have a shelf registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or “SEC,” which provides for the issuance of common stock, preferred stock, depositary shares, debt securities, guarantees of debt securities, warrants, subscription rights, purchase contracts and units to facilitate future financing activities in the public capital markets. Access to capital markets is dependent on market conditions at the time of issuance. In July 2017, the Company entered into an ATM sales agreement under which the Company may offer and sell up to 20.0 million shares of its common stock, from time to time, to or through its sales agents and may enter into separate forward sales agreements to or through its forward purchasers. Upon entering into the ATM sales agreement, the Company simultaneously terminated the sales agreement for its prior at-the-market equity offering program, which was entered into in April 2017, which replaced the prior at-the-market equity offering program entered into in April 2012. During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company did not sell any shares of common stock through its ATM program, other than the forward sales described below. As of December 31, 2020, we had 9.6 million shares of common stock available for future issuance under the ATM program. In February 2020, the Company issued $200.0 million of 3.20% senior unsecured medium-term notes due 2030 (the “2030 Notes”). Interest is payable semi-annually in arrears on January 15 and July 15 of each year, beginning on July 15, 2020. The notes were priced at 105.660% of the principal amount at issuance. This was a further issuance of the 2030 Notes, and forms a single series with, the $300.0 million aggregate principal amount of the Company’s 2030 Notes that were issued in July 2019 and the $100.0 million aggregate principal amount of the Company’s 2030 Notes that were issued in October 2019. As of the completion of the offering, the aggregate principal amount of outstanding 2030 notes was $600.0 million. In July 2020, the Company refinanced a 4.35% fixed rate mortgage note payable due in November 2020 with a balance of $79.3 million with a $160.9 million, 2.62% fixed rate mortgage note payable due in 2031. The Company incurred net extinguishment costs of $0.5 million in connection with the refinancing. The incremental proceeds were used to reduce the Company’s borrowings under its unsecured commercial paper program. In July 2020, the Company announced that it commenced a cash tender offer for any and all of its outstanding 3.75% unsecured medium-term notes due July 2024 (the “2024 Notes”). Pursuant to the tender offer, on July 21, 2020, the Company completed the purchase of $116.9 million aggregate principal amount of the 2024 Notes, or 39.0% of the $300.0 million aggregate principal amount of the 2024 Notes. The tender offer consideration was $1,101.92 for each $1,000 principal amount of the 2024 Notes, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but not including, July 21, 2020. 42 Table of Contents In July 2020, the Company issued $400.0 million of 2.10% senior unsecured medium-term notes due August 1, 2032. Interest is payable semi-annually in arrears on February 1 and August 1. The notes were priced at 99.894% of the principal amount at issuance. The Company used a portion of the net proceeds to fund the purchase of the 2024 Notes accepted pursuant to the tender offer described above and to prepay $245.8 million of 4.64% secured debt due in 2023. The combined prepayment and make-whole amounts for the purchase of the 2024 Notes and the prepayment of the secured debt due in 2023, inclusive of the acceleration of fair market value adjustments originally recorded on secured debt assumed in property acquisitions, totaled approximately $24.0 million. In December 2020, the Company issued $350.0 million of 1.90% senior unsecured medium-term notes due March 15, 2033 (the “2033 Notes”). Interest is payable semi-annually in arrears on March 15 and September 15. The notes were priced at 99.578% of the principal amount at issuance. The Company used the net proceeds for the repayment of debt, including the redemption of the remaining $183.1 million aggregate principal amount (plus the make-whole amount of approximately $21.1 million) of its 2024 Notes, $67.5 million of secured debt maturing in 2023, and outstanding indebtedness under our commercial paper program and working capital credit facility. The 2033 Notes were issued as “green” bonds and, as a result, the Company will allocate an amount equal to the net proceeds from the sale of the 2033 Notes to fund eligible green projects. During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company repurchased 0.6 million shares of its common stock at an average price of $33.11 per share for total consideration of approximately $19.8 million under its share repurchase program. During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company entered into forward sales agreements under its ATM program for a total of 2.1 million shares of common stock at a weighted average initial forward price per share of $49.56. The initial forward price per share received by the Company upon settlement was determined on the applicable settlement date based on adjustments made to the initial forward price to reflect the then-current federal funds rate and the amount of dividends paid to holders of UDR common stock over the term of the forward sales agreement. In December 2020, the Company settled all 2.1 million shares sold under the forward sales agreement at a weighted average forward price per share of $48.23, which is inclusive of adjustments made to reflect the then-current federal funds rate, the amount of dividends paid to holders of UDR common stock and commissions paid to sales agents of approximately $3.9 million, for net proceeds of $102.3 million. Aggregate net proceeds from such sales, after deducting related expenses, was $102.2 million. Future Capital Needs Future development and redevelopment expenditures may be funded through unsecured or secured credit facilities, unsecured commercial paper, proceeds from the issuance of equity or debt securities, sales of properties, joint ventures, and, to a lesser extent, from cash flows provided by property operations. Acquisition activity in strategic markets may be funded through joint ventures, by the reinvestment of proceeds from the sale of properties, through the issuance of equity or debt securities, the issuance of operating partnership units and the assumption or placement of secured and/or unsecured debt. During 2021, we have approximately $1.1 million of secured debt maturing, comprised solely of principal amortization, and $190.0 million of unsecured debt maturing, comprised solely of the unsecured commercial paper. Additionally, the Company has no secured or unsecured debt maturing in 2022, other than the unsecured working capital credit facility. We anticipate repaying the debt due in 2021 and 2022 with cash flow from our operations, proceeds from debt or equity offerings, proceeds from dispositions of properties, or from borrowings under our credit agreements and our unsecured commercial paper program. In January 2021, the entire $190.0 million of outstanding unsecured commercial paper as of December 31, 2020 was repaid at maturity with additional proceeds of unsecured commercial paper with maturity dates in February 2021 and proceeds under the Working Capital Credit Facility. As of February 16, 2021, we had no borrowings outstanding under the Revolving Credit Facility, leaving $1.1 billion of unused capacity (excluding $1.9 million of letters of credit), and we had $0.2 million outstanding under the Working Capital Credit Facility, leaving $74.8 million of unused capacity. On February 11, 2021, the Company priced an offering of $300.0 million of 2.10% senior unsecured medium-term notes due 2033. The notes were priced at 99.592% of the principal amount of the notes. The Company intends to 43 Table of Contents use the net proceeds to repay indebtedness, including the redemption of its $300.0 million 4.00% senior unsecured medium-term notes due October 2025 (plus the make-whole amount and accrued and unpaid interest), to fund potential acquisitions, or for other general corporate purposes. The settlement of the offering is expected to occur on February 26, 2021, subject to the satisfaction of customary closing conditions. Statements of Cash Flows The following discussion explains the changes in Net cash provided by/(used in) operating activities, Net cash provided by/(used in) investing activities, and Net cash provided by/(used in) financing activities that are presented in our Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019. Operating Activities For the year ended December 31, 2020, our Net cash provided by/(used in) operating activities was $604.3 million compared to $630.7 million for 2019. The decrease in cash flow from operating activities was primarily due to changes in operating assets and liabilities, partially offset by an increase in return on investments in unconsolidated joint ventures and improved net operating income, primarily driven by net operating income from communities acquired in 2020 and 2019. Investing Activities For the year ended December 31, 2020, Net cash provided by/(used in) investing activities was $(460.8) million compared to $(1.7) billion for 2019. The decrease in cash used in investing activities was primarily due to the decrease in acquisitions made during the current year and an increase in proceeds from sales of real estate investments, partially offset by an increase in spend for development of real estate assets and a decrease in distributions received from unconsolidated joint ventures. Acquisitions In January 2020, the Company acquired a 294 apartment home operating community located in Tampa, Florida for approximately $85.2 million. The Company increased its real estate assets owned by approximately $83.1 million and recorded approximately $2.1 million of in-place lease intangibles. In January 2020, the Company increased its ownership interest from 49% to 100% in a 276 apartment home operating community located in Hillsboro, Oregon, for a cash purchase price of approximately $21.6 million. In connection with the acquisition, the Company repaid approximately $35.6 million of joint venture construction financing. As a result, the Company consolidated the operating community. The Company had previously accounted for its 49% ownership interest as a preferred equity investment in an unconsolidated joint venture (see Note 5, Joint Ventures and Partnerships). The Company accounted for the consolidation as an asset acquisition resulting in no gain or loss upon consolidation and increased its real estate assets owned by approximately $67.8 million and recorded approximately $1.7 million of in-place lease intangibles. In August 2020, the Company acquired a to-be-developed parcel of land located in King of Prussia, Pennsylvania for approximately $16.2 million. In November 2020, the Company acquired a 672 apartment home operating community located in Tampa, Florida for approximately $122.5 million. The Company increased its real estate assets owned by approximately $119.4 million and recorded approximately $3.1 million of in-place lease intangibles. In December 2020, the Company acquired a 400 apartment home operating community located in Herndon, Virginia for approximately $128.6 million. The Company increased its real estate assets owned by approximately $125.9 million and recorded approximately $2.7 million of in-place lease intangibles. In January 2019, the Company increased its ownership interest from 49% to 100% in a 386 apartment home operating community located in Anaheim, California, for a cash purchase price of approximately $33.5 million. In connection with the acquisition, the Company repaid approximately $59.8 million of joint venture construction financing. As a result, the Company consolidated the operating community. The Company had previously accounted for its 49% ownership interest as a preferred equity investment in an unconsolidated joint venture. The Company accounted 44 Table of Contents for the consolidation as an asset acquisition resulting in no gain upon consolidation and increased its real estate assets owned by approximately $115.7 million and recorded approximately $2.4 million of in-place lease intangibles. In January 2019, the Company increased its ownership interest from 49% to 100% in a 155 apartment home operating community located in Seattle, Washington, for a cash purchase price of approximately $20.0 million. In connection with the acquisition, the Company repaid approximately $26.0 million of joint venture construction financing. As a result, the Company consolidated the operating community. The Company had previously accounted for its 49% ownership interest as a preferred equity investment in an unconsolidated joint venture. The Company accounted for the consolidation as an asset acquisition resulting in no gain upon consolidation and increased its real estate assets owned by approximately $58.1 million and recorded approximately $2.4 million of real estate intangibles and approximately $0.6 million of in-place lease intangibles. In January 2019, the Company acquired a to-be-developed parcel of land located in Washington, D.C. for approximately $27.1 million. In February 2019, the Company acquired a to-be-developed parcel of land located in Denver, Colorado for approximately $13.7 million. In February 2019, the Company acquired a 188 apartment home operating community located in Brooklyn, New York for approximately $132.1 million. The Company increased its real estate assets owned by approximately $97.5 million and recorded approximately $33.6 million of real estate intangibles and approximately $1.0 million of in-place lease intangibles. In February 2019, the Company acquired a 381 apartment home operating community located in St. Petersburg, Florida for approximately $98.3 million. The Company increased its real estate assets owned by approximately $96.0 million and recorded approximately $2.3 million of in-place lease intangibles. In April 2019, the Company acquired a 498 apartment home operating community located in Towson, Maryland for approximately $86.4 million. The Company increased its real estate assets owned by approximately $82.5 million and recorded approximately $3.9 million of in-place lease intangibles. In May 2019, the Company acquired a 313 apartment home operating community located in King of Prussia, Pennsylvania for approximately $107.3 million. The Company increased its real estate assets owned by approximately $106.4 million and recorded approximately $0.9 million of in-place lease intangibles. In May 2019, the Company acquired a 240 apartment home operating community located in St. Petersburg, Florida for approximately $49.4 million. The Company increased its real estate assets owned by approximately $48.2 million and recorded approximately $1.2 million of in-place lease intangibles. In June 2019, the Company acquired a 200 apartment home operating community located in Waltham, Massachusetts for approximately $84.6 million. The Company increased its real estate assets owned by approximately $82.6 million and recorded approximately $2.0 million of in-place lease intangibles. In August 2019, the Company acquired a 914 apartment home operating community located in Norwood, Massachusetts for approximately $270.2 million. The Company increased its real estate assets owned by approximately $260.1 million and recorded approximately $10.1 million of in-place lease intangibles. In August 2019, the Company acquired a 185 apartment home operating community located in Englewood, New Jersey for approximately $83.6 million. The Company increased its real estate assets owned by approximately $77.5 million and recorded approximately $4.6 million of real estate intangibles and approximately $1.5 million of in-place lease intangibles. In August 2019, the Company purchased a 292 apartment home operating community in Washington, D.C., directly from the UDR/KFH joint venture, thereby increasing its ownership interest from 30% to 100%, for a purchase price at 100% of approximately $184.0 million, before $2.8 million of closing costs incurred by UDR at acquisition. The Company accounted for the consolidation as an asset acquisition, resulting in no gain upon consolidation, and increased its real estate assets owned by approximately $156.0 million and recorded approximately $5.9 million of in-place lease intangibles. 45 Table of Contents In November 2019, the Company acquired the approximately 50% ownership interest not previously owned in 10 UDR/MetLife operating communities, one development community and four land parcels valued at $1.1 billion, or $564.2 million at UDR’s share, and sold its approximately 50% ownership interest in five UDR/MetLife operating communities valued at $645.8 million, or $322.9 million at UDR’s share, to MetLife. The Company paid $109.2 million directly to MetLife to complete the transaction. As a result, the Company consolidated the 10 operating communities, one development community and four land parcels, and they are no longer accounted for as equity method investments in an unconsolidated joint venture (see Note 5, Joint Ventures and Partnerships). The Company accounted for the consolidation as an asset acquisition resulting in no gain upon consolidation and increased its real estate assets owned by approximately $977.8 million and recorded approximately $30.0 million of in-place lease intangibles. In connection with the acquisition, the Company assumed six secured fixed rate mortgage notes payable and one credit facility secured by four communities with a combined outstanding balance of $518.4 million and estimated fair value of $551.8 million. The Company recorded the debt at its fair value in Secured debt, net on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The following table is a summary of the 10 communities, one development community and four land parcels acquired from the UDR/MetLife joint venture: Property Strata Crescent Falls Church Charles River Landing Lodge at Ames Pond Lenox Farms Towson Promenade Savoye Savoye2 Fiori on Vitruvian Park ® Vitruvian West Vitruvian West Phase 2 (a) Vitruvian Park ® Type Operating Community Operating Community Operating Community Operating Community Operating Community Operating Community Operating Community Operating Community Operating Community Operating Community Development Community 4 Land Parcels Number of Homes 163 214 350 364 338 379 394 351 391 383 366 N/A Location San Diego, CA Washington, D.C. Boston, MA Boston, MA Boston, MA Baltimore, MD Addison, TX Addison, TX Addison, TX Addison, TX Addison, TX Addison, TX (a) The number of apartment homes for the community under development presented in the table above is based on the projected number of total homes upon completion of development. As of December 31, 2019, no apartment homes had been completed. Dispositions In May 2020, the Company sold an operating community located in Bellevue, Washington with a total of 71 apartment homes for gross proceeds of $49.7 million, resulting in a gain of approximately $29.6 million. The sale was partially financed by the Company through the issuance of a promissory note totaling $4.0 million which was repaid in January 2021. (See Note 2, Significant Accounting Policies for further discussion.) The proceeds were designated for a tax-deferred Section 1031 exchange that were used to pay a portion of the purchase price for the above mentioned acquisition of an operating community in Tampa, Florida, in January 2020. In May 2020, the Company sold an operating community located in Kirkland, Washington with a total of 196 apartment homes for gross proceeds of $92.9 million, resulting in a gain of approximately $31.7 million. In October 2020, the Company sold an operating community located in Alexandria, Virginia with a total of 332 apartment homes for gross proceeds of $145.0 million, resulting in a gain of approximately $58.0 million. The proceeds were designated for a tax-deferred Section 1031 exchange and were used to pay a portion of the purchase price for acquisitions in November and December 2020. In June 2019, the Company sold a parcel of land located in Los Angeles, California for $38.0 million, resulting in a gain of approximately $5.3 million. Prior to the sale, the parcel of land was subject to a ground lease, under which UDR was the lessor, scheduled to expire in 2065. The ground lease included a purchase option for the lessee to acquire the land during specific periods of the ground lease term. During the second quarter of 2019, the lessee exercised the purchase option resulting in the sale by the Company and the ground lease being terminated. We plan to continue to pursue our strategy of exiting markets where long-term growth prospects are limited and redeploying capital to primary locations in markets we believe will provide the best investment returns. 46 Table of Contents Capital Expenditures We capitalize those expenditures that materially enhance the value of an existing asset or substantially extend the useful life of an existing asset. Expenditures necessary to maintain an existing property in ordinary operating condition are expensed as incurred. For the year ended December 31, 2020, total capital expenditures of $165.8 million or $3,494 per stabilized home, which in aggregate include recurring capital expenditures and major renovations, were spent across our portfolio, excluding development, as compared to $158.0 million or $3,710 per stabilized home for the prior year. The increase in total capital expenditures was primarily due to: ● ● ● an increase of 35.8%, or $12.7 million, in major renovations, which include major structural changes and/or architectural revisions to existing buildings; and an increase of 11.1%, or $5.7 million, in recurring capital expenditures, which include asset preservation and turnover related expenditures; and an increase of 11.6%, or $5.1 million, in NOI enhancing improvements, such as kitchen and bath remodels and upgrades to common areas. This was partially offset by: ● a decrease of 56.8%, or $15.6 million, in spend as compared to 2019 for our operations platform, which includes smart home installations at certain of our properties. The following table outlines capital expenditures and repair and maintenance costs for all of our communities, excluding real estate under development, for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 (dollars in thousands except Per Home amounts): Turnover capital expenditures Asset preservation expenditures Total recurring capital expenditures NOI enhancing improvements (a) Major renovations (b) Operations platform Total capital expenditures (c) Repair and maintenance expense Average home count (d) % Change 2020 Year Ended December 31, 2019 $ 11,192 40,054 51,246 43,689 35,569 27,445 $ 157,949 $ 43,525 42,579 2020 $ 12,978 43,946 56,924 48,752 48,317 11,853 $ 165,846 $ 56,794 47,475 9.7 % 16.0 % $ 273 926 11.1 % 1,199 11.6 % 1,027 35.8 % 1,018 250 (56.8)% 5.0 % $ 3,494 30.5 % $ 1,196 11.5 % % Change Per Home Year Ended December 31, 2019 $ 263 941 1,204 1,026 835 645 $ 3,710 $ 1,022 3.8 % (1.6)% (0.4)% 0.1 % 21.9 % (61.3)% (5.8)% 17.0 % (a) NOI enhancing improvements are expenditures that result in increased income generation or decreased expense growth. (b) Major renovations include major structural changes and/or architectural revisions to existing buildings. (c) Total capital expenditures includes amounts capitalized during the year. Cash paid for capital expenditures is impacted by the net change in related accruals. (d) Average number of homes is calculated based on the number of homes outstanding at the end of each month. We intend to continue to selectively add NOI enhancing improvements, which we believe will provide a return on investment in excess of our cost of capital. Our objective in redeveloping a community is twofold: we aim to meaningfully grow rental rates while also achieving cap rate compression through asset quality improvement. Consolidated Real Estate Under Development and Redevelopment At December 31, 2020, our development pipeline consisted of five wholly-owned communities located in Denver, Colorado, Dublin, California, Addison, Texas, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania and Washington D.C., totaling 1,378 homes, 202 of which have been completed, with a budget of $491.5 million, in which we have an investment of 47 Table of Contents $247.9 million. The communities are estimated to be completed between the first quarter of 2021 and the second quarter of 2023. During 2020, we incurred $121.2 million for development costs, an increase of $95.8 million as compared to costs incurred in 2019 of $25.4 million. At December 31, 2020, the Company was not redeveloping any communities. Unconsolidated Joint Ventures and Partnerships The Company recognizes income or losses from our investments in unconsolidated joint ventures and partnerships consisting of our proportionate share of the net income or losses of the joint ventures and partnerships. In addition, we may earn fees for providing management services to the communities held by the unconsolidated joint ventures and partnerships. The Company’s Investment in and advances to unconsolidated joint ventures and partnerships, net, are accounted for under the equity method of accounting. For the year ended December 31, 2020: ● we made investments totaling $76.1 million in our unconsolidated joint ventures, including contributions of $66.3 million to four unconsolidated investments under our Developer Capital Program, which earn preferred returns ranging from 8.5% to 13.0%; ● our proportionate share of the net income/(loss) of the joint ventures and partnerships was $18.8 million; and ● we received distributions of $70.0 million, of which $20.7 million were operating cash flows and $49.3 million were investing cash flows. We evaluate our investments in unconsolidated joint ventures and partnerships when events or changes in circumstances indicate that there may be an other-than-temporary decline in value. We consider various factors to determine if a decrease in the value of the investment is other-than-temporary. The Company did not recognize any other-than-temporary impairments in the value of its investments in unconsolidated joint ventures or partnerships during the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019. Notes Receivable, net Notes receivable relate to financing arrangements that are typically secured by real estate, real estate related projects or other assets. The following significant activities occurred during the year ended December 31, 2020: ● in August 2020, the Company exercised the purchase option associated with the $115.0 million secured note receivable. The purchase is expected to close in 2021. When the note was funded, the Company also entered into a purchase option agreement and paid a deposit of $10.0 million, which gave the Company the option to acquire the community at a fixed price of $170.0 million. The deposit is generally nonrefundable other than due to a failure of closing conditions pursuant to the terms of the agreement. If the Company fails to close the purchase other than due to seller’s failure or other breaches in the purchase option agreement, per the terms of the agreement, the note will be modified to extend the maturity date to 10 years following the date the temporary certificate of occupancy was issued, which was July 2020. Upon modification, the loan would be interest only for the first three years and after such date payments will be based on a 30-year amortization schedule. Financing Activities For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, Net cash provided by/(used in) financing activities was $(152.6) million and $880.4 million, respectively. The following significant financing activities occurred during the year ended December 31, 2020: ● repayments of secured debt of $425.8 million, which was partially offset by proceeds from the issuance of secured debt of $160.9 million; 48 Table of Contents ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● issuance of $200.0 million of 3.20% senior unsecured medium-term notes due January 15, 2030, for net proceeds of approximately $211.3 million; issuance of $400.0 million of 2.10% senior unsecured medium-term notes due August 1, 2032, for net proceeds of approximately $399.6 million; issuance of $350.0 million of 1.90% senior unsecured medium-term notes due March 15, 2023, for net proceeds of approximately $348.5 million; repayment of $300.0 million senior unsecured medium-term notes due July 2024, $116.9 million of which was pursuant to our tender offer; net repayment of $110.0 million on our unsecured commercial paper program; sale of 2.1 million shares of common stock under our forward sales agreement for aggregate net proceeds of $102.2 million at a price per share of $48.23; repurchase of 0.6 million common shares for approximately $19.8 million; distributions of $419.4 million to our common stockholders; and payment of debt extinguishment costs of $62.6 million from the early prepayment of debt. The following significant financing activities occurred during the year ended December 31, 2019: ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● issuance of $300 million of 3.20% senior unsecured medium-term notes due 2030 (3.42% effective rate after the effect of a cash flow hedge), for net proceeds of approximately $296.6 million; issuance of $400 million of 3.00% senior unsecured medium-term notes due 2031 (3.01% effective rate after the effect of a cash flow hedge), for net proceeds of approximately $395.7 million, $300.0 million of which was used to repay 3.70% medium-term notes due in October 2020; issuance of $100 million of 3.20% senior unsecured medium-term notes due 2030 (3.24% effective rate after the effect of a cash flow hedge), and issuance of $300 million of 3.10% senior unsecured medium-term notes due 2034 (3.13% effective rate after the effect of a cash flow hedge), for net proceeds of approximately $398.6 million, which was used to repay $400.0 million of 4.63% medium-term notes due in January 2022; net proceeds of $198.9 million from the Company’s unsecured commercial paper program; net proceeds of $16.6 million from the Company’s unsecured revolving credit facilities; repayments of $162.3 million of secured debt, which was offset by net proceeds of $162.5 million from the issuance of secured debt; sale of 7.5 million shares of common stock in an underwritten public offering for net proceeds of approximately $349.8 million at a price per share of $46.65; sale of 7.0 million shares of common stock under our ATM program for proceeds of $312.3 million at an weighted average price per share of $45.29; sale of 1.3 million shares of common stock under our forward sales agreement for net proceeds of $63.5 million at a price per share of $47.41; and ● distributions of $383.1 million to our common stockholders. Credit Facilities and Commercial Paper Program During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company prepaid the $201.9 million outstanding balance under its secured credit facility with New York Life with proceeds from the issuance of senior unsecured medium-term notes. The Company incurred net extinguishment costs of $9.0 million during the year ended December 31, 2020, which was included in Interest expense on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. The Company has a $1.1 billion unsecured revolving credit facility and a $350.0 million unsecured term loan. The Credit Agreement for these facilities allows the total commitments under the Revolving Credit Facility and the total 49 Table of Contents borrowings under the Term Loan to be increased to an aggregate maximum amount of up to $2.0 billion, subject to certain conditions, including obtaining commitments from one or more lenders. The Revolving Credit Facility has a scheduled maturity date of January 31, 2023, with two six-month extension options, subject to certain conditions. The Term Loan has a scheduled maturity date of September 30, 2023. Based on the Company’s current credit rating, the Revolving Credit Facility has an interest rate equal to LIBOR plus a margin of 82.5 basis points and a facility fee of 15 basis points, and the Term Loan has an interest rate equal to LIBOR plus a margin of 90 basis points. Depending on the Company’s credit rating, the margin under the Revolving Credit Facility ranges from 75 to 145 basis points, the facility fee ranges from 10 to 30 basis points, and the margin under the Term Loan ranges from 80 to 165 basis points. As of December 31, 2020, we had no outstanding borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility, leaving $1.1 billion of unused capacity (excluding $2.8 million of letters of credit at December 31, 2020), and $350.0 million of outstanding borrowings under the Term Loan. We have a working capital credit facility, which provides for a $75 million unsecured revolving credit facility (the “Working Capital Credit Facility”) with a scheduled maturity date of January 14, 2022. Based on the Company’s current credit rating, the Working Capital Credit Facility has an interest rate equal to LIBOR plus a margin of 82.5 basis points. Depending on the Company’s credit rating, the margin ranges from 75 to 145 basis points. As of December 31, 2020, we had $28.0 million of outstanding borrowings under the Working Capital Credit Facility, leaving $47.0 million of unused capacity. The bank revolving credit facilities and the term loan are subject to customary financial covenants and limitations, all of which we were in compliance with at December 31, 2020. We have an unsecured commercial paper program. Under the terms of the program, we may issue unsecured commercial paper up to a maximum aggregate amount outstanding of $500 million. The notes are sold under customary terms in the United States commercial paper market and rank pari passu with all of our other unsecured indebtedness. The notes are fully and unconditionally guaranteed by the Operating Partnership. As of December 31, 2020, we had issued $190.0 million of commercial paper, for one month terms, at a weighted average annualized rate of 0.27%, leaving $310.0 million of unused capacity. In January 2021, the entire $190.0 million of outstanding unsecured commercial paper as of December 31, 2020 was repaid at maturity with additional proceeds of unsecured commercial paper with maturity dates in February 2021 and proceeds under the Working Capital Credit Facility. Interest Rate Risk We are exposed to interest rate risk associated with variable rate notes payable and maturing debt that has to be refinanced. We do not hold financial instruments for trading or other speculative purposes, but rather issue these financial instruments to finance our portfolio of real estate assets and operations. Interest rate sensitivity is the relationship between changes in market interest rates and the fair value of market rate sensitive assets and liabilities. Our earnings are affected as changes in short-term interest rates impact our cost of variable rate debt and maturing fixed rate debt. We had $280.0 million in variable rate debt that is not subject to interest rate swap contracts as of December 31, 2020. If market interest rates for variable rate debt increased by 100 basis points, our interest expense would increase by $3.8 million based on the average balance outstanding during the year. These amounts are determined by considering the impact of hypothetical interest rates on our borrowing cost. This analysis does not consider the effects of the adjusted level of overall economic activity that could exist in such an environment. Further, in the event of a change of such magnitude, management would likely take actions to further mitigate our exposure to the change. However, due to the uncertainty of the specific actions that would be taken and their possible effects, the sensitivity analysis assumes no change in our financial structure. The Company also utilizes derivative financial instruments to manage interest rate risk and generally designates these financial instruments as cash flow hedges. See Note 14, Derivatives and Hedging Activities, in the Notes to the UDR Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Report for additional discussion of derivative instruments. 50 Table of Contents A presentation of cash flow metrics based on GAAP is as follows (dollars in thousands): Net cash provided by/(used in) operating activities Net cash provided by/(used in) investing activities Net cash provided by/(used in) financing activities Results of Operations $ Year Ended December 31, 2019 630,704 (1,686,687) 880,383 2020 604,316 $ (460,842) (152,594) The following discussion explains the changes in results of operations that are presented in our Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019. Net Income/(Loss) Attributable to Common Stockholders Net income/(loss) attributable to common stockholders was $60.0 million ($0.20 per diluted share) for the year ended December 31, 2020, as compared to $180.9 million ($0.63 per diluted share) for the comparable period in the prior year. The decrease resulted primarily from the following items, all of which are discussed in further detail elsewhere within this Report: ● ● ● an increase in real estate depreciation expense of $107.4 million primarily due to communities acquired in 2020 and 2019, partially offset by a decrease from sold communities and fully depreciated assets; an increase in interest expense of $31.8 million primarily due to higher average debt balances and the early pay off of debt during 2020 and 2019, resulting in prepayment costs of $49.2 million and $29.6 million, respectively; a decrease in income/(loss) from unconsolidated entities of $119.0 million, primarily attributable to a $114.9 million gain from the disposition of five operating communities from our UDR/MetLife II joint venture, a $10.6 million gain recognized on the sale of two operating properties from our UDR/KFH joint venture, a $4.6 million unrealized gain recorded on an unconsolidated technology investment, and an increase in preferred interest earned due to increased Developer Capital Program investments in 2019; and ● a decrease in interest income and other income/(expense), net of $9.1 million, primarily attributable to an $8.5 million promoted interest on the prepayment of a note to a multifamily technology company in 2019. This was partially offset by: ● ● gains of $119.3 million from the sale of three operating communities located in Kirkland, Washington, Bellevue, Washington and Alexandria, Virginia, during the year ended December 31, 2020, as compared to a gain of $5.3 million on the sale of a parcel of land in Los Angeles, California during the year ended December 31, 2019; and an increase in total property NOI of $45.4 million primarily due to NOI from additional operating communities, including those acquired in 2020 and 2019, partially offset by an increase of $11.2 million in property operating expenses. Apartment Community Operations Our net income results are primarily from NOI generated from the operation of our apartment communities. The Company defines NOI, which is a non-GAAP financial measure, as rental income less direct property rental expenses. Rental income represents gross market rent less adjustments for concessions, vacancy loss and bad debt. Rental expenses include real estate taxes, insurance, personnel, utilities, repairs and maintenance, administrative and marketing. Excluded from NOI is property management expense which is calculated as 2.875% of property revenue, and land rent. Property management expense covers costs directly related to consolidated property operations, inclusive of corporate management, regional supervision, accounting and other costs. 51 Table of Contents Management considers NOI a useful metric for investors as it is a more meaningful representation of a community’s continuing operating performance than net income as it is prior to corporate-level expense allocations, general and administrative costs, capital structure and depreciation and amortization. Although the Company considers NOI a useful measure of operating performance, NOI should not be considered an alternative to net income or net cash flow from operating activities as determined in accordance with GAAP. NOI excludes several income and expense categories as detailed in the reconciliation of NOI to Net income/(loss) attributable to UDR, Inc. below. The following table summarizes the operating performance of our total property NOI for each of the periods presented (dollars in thousands): Same-Store Communities: Same-Store rental income Same-Store operating expense (c) Same-Store NOI Non-Mature Communities/Other NOI: Stabilized, non-mature communities NOI (d) Acquired communities NOI Redevelopment communities NOI Development communities NOI Non-residential/other NOI (e) Sold and held for disposition communities NOI Total Non-Mature Communities/Other NOI Total property NOI Year Ended December 31, (a) Year Ended December 31, (b) 2020 2019 % Change 2019 2018 % Change $ 924,138 $ 953,121 (268,718) 684,403 (279,940) 644,198 (3.0)% $ 962,269 $ 928,849 (265,087) (271,826) 4.2 % 663,762 690,443 (5.9)% 3.6 % 2.5 % 4.0 % 161,258 7,919 — 214 27,694 98,193 762 — (8) 12,954 64.2 % 939.2 % — % NM * 113.8 % 79,007 5,830 18,571 (8) 13,174 11,968 — 21,875 4,374 18,609 12,419 209,504 11,999 123,900 $ 853,702 $ 808,303 11,527 1,286 3.5 % 69.1 % 68,353 117,860 5.6 % $ 808,303 $ 732,115 560.2 % — % (15.1)% NM * (29.2)% (88.8)% 72.4 % 10.4 % * Not meaningful (a) Same-Store consists of 37,607 apartment homes. (b) Same-Store consists of 37,959 apartment homes. (c) Excludes depreciation, amortization, and property management expenses. (d) Represents non-mature communities that have achieved 90% occupancy for three consecutive months but do not meet the criteria to be included in Same-Store Communities. (e) Primarily non-residential revenue and expense and straight-line adjustment for concessions. 52 Table of Contents The following table is our reconciliation of Net income/(loss) attributable to UDR, Inc. to total property NOI for each of the periods presented (dollars in thousands): Net income/(loss) attributable to UDR, Inc. Joint venture management and other fees Property management Other operating expenses Real estate depreciation and amortization General and administrative Casualty-related charges/(recoveries), net Other depreciation and amortization (Gain)/loss on sale of real estate owned (Income)/loss from unconsolidated entities Interest expense Interest income and other (income)/expense, net Tax provision/(benefit), net Net income/(loss) attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests in the Operating Partnership and DownREIT Partnership Net income/(loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests Total property NOI Same-Store Communities $ Year Ended December 31, 2019 $ 184,965 (14,055) 32,721 13,932 501,257 51,533 474 6,666 (5,282) (137,873) 170,917 (15,404) 3,838 2018 $ 203,106 (11,754) 28,465 12,100 429,006 46,983 2,121 6,673 (136,197) 5,055 134,168 (6,735) 688 2020 64,266 (5,069) 35,538 22,762 608,616 49,885 2,131 10,013 (119,277) (18,844) 202,706 (6,274) 2,545 4,543 161 $ 853,702 14,426 188 $ 808,303 18,215 221 $ 732,115 Our Same-Store Community properties (those acquired, developed, and stabilized prior to January 1, 2019 and held on December 31, 2020) consisted of 37,607 apartment homes and provided 75.5% of our total NOI for the year ended December 31, 2020. NOI for our Same-Store Community properties decreased 5.9%, or $40.2 million, for the year ended December 31, 2020 compared to the same period in 2019. The decrease in property NOI was attributable to a 3.0%, or $29.0 million, decrease in property rental income and a 4.2%, or $11.2 million, increase in operating expenses. The decrease in property rental income was primarily driven by an $11.7 million increase in our reserve on multifamily tenant lease receivables, an increase of $15.1 million in rent concessions and an increase of $10.0 million in economic occupancy loss, partially offset by a 0.7%, or $6.0 million, increase in rental rates and a 1.7%, or $1.8 million, increase in reimbursement and ancillary and fee income. Physical occupancy decreased by 0.5% to 96.3% and total monthly income per occupied home decreased 2.6% to $2,126. The increase in operating expenses was primarily driven by a 12.5%, or $4.8 million, increase in repair and maintenance expense due to the increased use of third party vendors, partially offset by a 2.7%, or $1.7 million, decrease in personnel expense as a result of fewer employees, and a 6.9%, or $7.7 million, increase in real estate taxes, which was primarily due to higher assessed valuations. The operating margin (property net operating income divided by property rental income) was 69.7% and 71.8% for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Non-Mature Communities/Other UDR’s Non-Mature Communities/Other represent those communities that do not meet the criteria to be included in Same-Store Communities, which include communities recently developed or acquired, redevelopment properties, sold or held for disposition properties, and non-apartment components of mixed use properties. The remaining 24.5%, or $209.5 million, of our total NOI during the year ended December 31, 2020 was generated from our Non-Mature Communities/Other. NOI from Non-Mature Communities/Other increased by 69.1%, or $85.6 million, for the year ended December 31, 2020 as compared to the same period in 2019. The increase was primarily attributable to a $63.1 million increase in NOI from stabilized, non-mature communities, primarily due to communities acquired in 2020 and 2019, a $14.7 million increase in non-residential/other primarily due to changes in straight-line rent as a result of increased tenant rent concessions during the period, and a $7.2 million increase in acquired communities. 53 Table of Contents Real estate depreciation and amortization For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company recognized real estate depreciation and amortization of $608.6 million and $501.3 million, respectively. The increase in 2020 as compared to 2019 was primarily attributable to communities acquired in 2020 and 2019, partially offset by a decrease from sold communities and fully depreciated assets. Gain/(Loss) on Sale of Real Estate Owned During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company recognized gains of $119.3 million from the sale of three operating communities located in Kirkland, Washington, Bellevue, Washington and Alexandria, Virginia. During the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company recognized a gain of $5.3 million on the sale of a parcel of land in Los Angeles, California. Income/(Loss) from Unconsolidated Entities For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, we recognized income/(loss) from unconsolidated entities of $18.8 million and $137.9 million, respectively. The decrease of $119.1 million was primarily due to: ● no dispositions from the Company’s unconsolidated entities during the year ended December 31, 2020. As compared to: ● gains of $114.9 million from the disposition of five operating communities from our UDR/MetLife II joint venture, a $10.6 million gain from the sale of two operating communities in our UDR/KFH joint venture, and a $4.6 million unrealized gain recorded on an unconsolidated technology investment and an increase in Developer Capital Program investments during the year ended December 31, 2019. Interest expense For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company recognized interest expense of $202.7 million and $170.9 million, respectively. The increase in 2020 as compared to 2019 was primarily attributable to higher average debt balances, and the early pay off of debt during 2020 and 2019, resulting in prepayment costs of $49.2 million and $29.6 million, respectively. Interest income and other income/(expense), net For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company recognized interest income and other income/(expense), net of $6.3 million and $15.4 million, respectively. The decrease in 2020 as compared to 2019 was primarily attributable to an $8.5 million promoted interest on the prepayment of a note to a multifamily technology company in 2019. Inflation We believe that the direct effects of inflation on our operations have been immaterial. While the impact of inflation primarily impacts our results of operations as a result of wage pressures and increases in utilities and material costs, the majority of our apartment leases have initial terms of 12 months or less, which generally enables us to compensate for any inflationary effects by increasing rental rates on our apartment homes. Although an extreme escalation in costs could have a negative impact on our residents and their ability to absorb rent increases, we do not believe this has had a material impact on our results for the year ended December 31, 2020. Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements We do not have any off-balance sheet arrangements that have, or are reasonably likely to have, a current or future effect on our financial condition, changes in financial condition, revenue or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources that are material. 54 Table of Contents Contractual Obligations The following table summarizes our contractual obligations as of December 31, 2020 (dollars in thousands): Contractual Obligations Long-term debt obligations Interest on debt obligations (a) Letters of credit Operating lease obligations: Ground leases (b) 2021 $ 191,097 149,982 2,839 Payments Due by Period 2022-2023 $ 380,347 297,275 $ 2024-2025 584,113 271,162 Thereafter $ 3,829,660 479,084 — — — Total $ 4,985,217 1,197,503 2,839 12,442 $ 356,360 24,884 $ 702,506 24,884 880,159 442,778 $ 4,751,522 504,988 $ 6,690,547 $ (a) Interest payments on variable rate debt instruments are based on each debt instrument’s respective year-end interest rate at December 31, 2020. (b) For purposes of our ground lease contracts, the Company uses the minimum lease payment, if stated in the agreement. For ground lease agreements where there is a rent reset provision based on fair market value or changes in the consumer price index but does not include a specified minimum lease payment, the Company uses the current rent over the remainder of the lease term. During 2020, we incurred gross interest costs of $209.7 million, of which $7.0 million was capitalized. Funds from Operations, Funds from Operations as Adjusted, and Adjusted Funds from Operations Funds from Operations Funds from operations (“FFO”) attributable to common stockholders and unitholders is defined as Net income/(loss) attributable to common stockholders (computed in accordance with GAAP), excluding impairment write-downs of depreciable real estate related to the main business of the Company or of investments in non-consolidated investees that are directly attributable to decreases in the fair value of depreciable real estate held by the investee, gains and losses from sales of depreciable real estate related to the main business of the Company and income taxes directly associated with those gains and losses, plus real estate depreciation and amortization, and after adjustments for noncontrolling interests, and the Company’s share of unconsolidated partnerships and joint ventures. This definition conforms with the National Association of Real Estate Investment Trust’s (“Nareit”) definition issued in April 2002 and restated in November 2018. Historical cost accounting for real estate assets in accordance with GAAP implicitly assumes that the value of real estate assets diminishes predictably over time. Since real estate values instead have historically risen or fallen with market conditions, many industry investors and analysts have considered the presentation of operating results for real estate companies that use historical cost accounting to be insufficient by themselves. Thus, Nareit created FFO as a supplemental measure of a REIT’s operating performance. In the computation of diluted FFO, if OP Units, DownREIT Units, unvested restricted stock, unvested LTIP Units, stock options, and the shares of Series E Cumulative Convertible Preferred Stock are dilutive, they are included in the diluted share count. Management considers FFO a useful metric for investors as the Company uses FFO in evaluating property acquisitions and its operating performance, and believes that FFO should be considered along with, but not as an alternative to, net income and cash flow as a measure of the Company’s activities in accordance with GAAP. FFO does not represent cash generated from operating activities in accordance with GAAP and is not necessarily indicative of funds available to fund our cash needs. Funds from Operations as Adjusted FFO as Adjusted (“FFOA”) attributable to common stockholders and unitholders is defined as FFO excluding the impact of non-comparable items including, but not limited to, acquisition related costs, prepayment costs/benefits associated with early debt retirement, impairment write downs or gains and losses on sales of real estate or other assets incidental to the main business of the Company and income taxes directly associated with those gains and losses, casualty-related expenses and recoveries, severance costs and legal and other costs. Management believes that FFOA is useful supplemental information regarding our operating performance as it provides a consistent comparison of our operating performance across time periods and allows investors to more easily 55 Table of Contents compare our operating results with other REITs. FFOA is not intended to represent cash flow or liquidity for the period, and is only intended to provide an additional measure of our operating performance. We believe that Net income/(loss) attributable to common stockholders is the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure to FFOA. However, other REITs may use different methodologies for calculating FFOA or similar FFO measures and, accordingly, our FFOA may not always be comparable to FFOA or similar FFO measures calculated by other REITs. FFOA should not be considered as an alternative to net income (determined in accordance with GAAP) as an indication of financial performance, or as an alternative to cash flows from operating activities (determined in accordance with GAAP) as a measure of our liquidity. Adjusted Funds from Operations Adjusted FFO (“AFFO”) attributable to common stockholders and unitholders is defined as FFOA less recurring capital expenditures on consolidated communities that are necessary to help preserve the value of and maintain functionality at our communities. Therefore, management considers AFFO a useful supplemental performance metric for investors as it is more indicative of the Company’s operational performance than FFO or FFOA. AFFO is not intended to represent cash flow or liquidity for the period, and is only intended to provide an additional measure of our operating performance. We believe that Net income/(loss) attributable to common stockholders is the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure to AFFO. Management believes that AFFO is a widely recognized measure of the operations of REITs, and presenting AFFO will enable investors to assess our performance in comparison to other REITs. However, other REITs may use different methodologies for calculating AFFO and, accordingly, our AFFO may not always be comparable to AFFO calculated by other REITs. AFFO should not be considered as an alternative to net income/(loss) (determined in accordance with GAAP) as an indication of financial performance, or as an alternative to cash flows from operating activities (determined in accordance with GAAP) as a measure of our liquidity, nor is it indicative of funds available to fund our cash needs, including our ability to make distributions. 56 Table of Contents The following table outlines our reconciliation of Net income/(loss) attributable to common stockholders to FFO, FFOA, and AFFO for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019, and 2018 (dollars in thousands): Net income/(loss) attributable to common stockholders $ Real estate depreciation and amortization Noncontrolling interests Real estate depreciation and amortization on unconsolidated joint ventures Net gain on the sale of unconsolidated depreciable property Net gain on the sale of depreciable real estate owned, net of tax FFO attributable to common stockholders and unitholders, basic Distributions to preferred stockholders — Series E (Convertible) FFO attributable to common stockholders and unitholders, diluted Income/(loss) per weighted average common share, diluted FFO per weighted average common share and unit, basic FFO per weighted average common share and unit, diluted Weighted average number of common shares and OP/DownREIT Units outstanding — basic Weighted average number of common shares, OP/DownREIT Units, and common stock equivalents outstanding — diluted Impact of adjustments to FFO: Costs associated with debt extinguishment and other Promoted interest on settlement of note receivable, net of tax Legal and other costs Net gain on the sale of non-depreciable real estate owned Realized/unrealized (gain)/loss on unconsolidated technology investments, net of tax Joint venture development success fee Severance costs and other restructuring expense Casualty-related charges/(recoveries), net Casualty-related charges/(recoveries) on unconsolidated joint ventures, net FFOA attributable to common stockholders and unitholders, diluted 2020 60,036 608,616 4,704 35,023 Year Ended December 31, 2019 $ 180,861 501,257 14,614 57,954 (125,407) — — (118,852) $ 589,527 4,230 $ 593,757 0.20 $ 1.86 $ 1.85 $ $ 629,279 4,104 $ 633,383 0.63 $ 2.04 $ 2.03 $ 2018 $ 199,238 429,006 18,436 61,871 — (136,197) $ 570,254 3,868 $ 574,122 0.74 $ 1.95 $ 1.93 $ 316,855 308,020 292,727 320,187 311,799 297,042 $ — $ 49,190 — 8,973 — $ 29,594 (6,482) 3,660 (5,282) 3,476 — 1,622 — (3,582) — 1,948 2,545 31 59,105 $ $ 652,862 (3,300) (3,750) 390 636 (374) 15,092 $ $ 648,475 — — 114 2,364 — 7,576 $ $ 581,698 FFOA per weighted average common share and unit, diluted $ 2.04 $ 2.08 $ 1.96 Recurring capital expenditures AFFO attributable to common stockholders and unitholders, diluted (56,924) $ 595,938 (51,246) $ 597,229 (46,915) $ 534,783 AFFO per weighted average common share and unit, diluted $ 1.86 $ 1.92 $ 1.80 57 Table of Contents The following table is our reconciliation of FFO share information to weighted average common shares outstanding, basic and diluted, reflected on the UDR Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019, and 2018 (shares in thousands): Year Ended December 31, 2019 2018 2020 Weighted average number of common shares and OP/DownREIT Units outstanding — basic Weighted average number of OP/DownREIT Units outstanding Weighted average number of common shares outstanding — basic per the Consolidated Statements of Operations 316,855 (22,310) 308,020 (22,773) 292,727 (24,548) 294,545 285,247 268,179 Weighted average number of common shares, OP/DownREIT Units, and common stock equivalents outstanding — diluted Weighted average number of OP/DownREIT Units outstanding Weighted average number of Series E Cumulative Convertible Preferred shares outstanding Weighted average number of common shares outstanding — diluted per the Consolidated Statements of Operations 320,187 (22,310) 311,799 (22,773) 297,042 (24,548) (2,950) (3,011) (3,011) 294,927 286,015 269,483 United Dominion Realty, L.P.: Business Overview United Dominion Realty, L.P. (the “Operating Partnership” or “UDR, L.P.”) is a Delaware limited partnership formed in February 2004 and organized pursuant to the provisions of the Delaware Revised Uniform Limited Partnership Act. The Operating Partnership is the successor-in-interest to United Dominion Realty, L.P., a limited partnership formed under the laws of Virginia, which commenced operations on November 4, 1995. Our sole general partner is UDR, Inc., a Maryland corporation (“UDR” or the “General Partner”), which conducts a substantial amount of its business and holds a substantial amount of its assets through the Operating Partnership. At December 31, 2020, the Operating Partnership’s real estate portfolio included 53 communities located in nine states and the District of Columbia with a total of 17,174 apartment homes. As of December 31, 2020, UDR owned 0.1 million units of our general partnership interests and 176.1 million units of our limited partnership interests (the “OP Units”), or approximately 95.3% of our outstanding OP Units. By virtue of its ownership of our OP Units and being our sole general partner, UDR has the ability to control all of the day-to-day operations of the Operating Partnership. Unless otherwise indicated or unless the context requires otherwise, all references in this section of this Report to the Operating Partnership or “we,” “us” or “our” refer to UDR, L.P. together with its consolidated subsidiaries, and all references in this section to “UDR” or the “General Partner” refer solely to UDR, Inc. UDR is a self-administered real estate investment trust, or REIT, that owns, acquires, renovates, develops, and manages apartment communities. The General Partner was formed in 1972 as a Virginia corporation and changed its state of incorporation from Virginia to Maryland in June 2003. At December 31, 2020, the General Partner’s consolidated real estate portfolio included 149 communities located in 13 states and the District of Columbia with a total of 48,283 apartment homes. In addition, the General Partner had an ownership interest in 5,295 completed or to-be-completed apartment homes through unconsolidated joint ventures or partnerships, including 2,165 apartment homes owned by entities in which we hold preferred equity investments. Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with United States generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) requires management to use judgment in the application of accounting policies, including making estimates and assumptions. A critical accounting policy is one that is both important to our financial condition and results of operations as well as involves some degree of uncertainty. Estimates are prepared based on management’s assessment after considering all evidence available. Changes in estimates could affect our financial position or results of operations. Below is a discussion of the accounting policies that we consider critical to understanding our financial condition or results of operations where there is uncertainty or where significant judgment is required. A discussion of 58 Table of Contents our significant accounting policies, including further discussion of the accounting policies described below, can be found in Note 2, Significant Accounting Policies, to the Notes to the Operating Partnership’s Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Report. Cost Capitalization In conformity with GAAP, we capitalize those expenditures that materially enhance the value of an existing asset or substantially extend the useful life of an existing asset. Expenditures necessary to maintain an existing property in ordinary operating condition are expensed as incurred. In addition to construction costs, we capitalize costs directly related to the predevelopment, development, and redevelopment of a capital project, which include, but are not limited to, interest, real estate taxes, insurance, and allocated development and redevelopment overhead related to support costs for personnel working on the capital projects. We use our professional judgment in determining whether such costs meet the criteria for capitalization or must be expensed as incurred. These costs are capitalized only during the period in which activities necessary to ready an asset for its intended use are in progress and such costs are incremental and identifiable to a specific activity to get the asset ready for its intended use. As each home in a capital project is completed and becomes available for lease-up, the Operating Partnership ceases capitalization on the related portion. The costs capitalized are reported on the Consolidated Balance Sheets as Total real estate owned, net of accumulated depreciation. Amounts capitalized during the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019, and 2018 were $1.0 million, $1.0 million, and less than $0.1 million, respectively. Investment in Unconsolidated Entities We may enter into various joint venture agreements and/or partnerships with unrelated third parties to hold or develop real estate assets. We must determine for each of these ventures whether to consolidate the entity or account for our investment under the equity method of accounting. We determine whether to consolidate a joint venture or partnership based on our rights and obligations under the venture agreement, applying the applicable accounting guidance. The application of the rules in evaluating the accounting treatment for each joint venture or partnership is complex and requires substantial management judgment. We evaluate our accounting for investments on a regular basis including when a significant change in the design of an entity occurs. Throughout our financial statements, and in this Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, we use the term “joint venture” or “partnership” when referring to investments in entities in which we do not have a 100% ownership interest. We continually evaluate our investments in unconsolidated joint ventures when events or changes in circumstances indicate that there may be an other-than-temporary decline in value. We consider various factors to determine if a decrease in the value of the investment is other-than-temporary. These factors include, but are not limited to, age of the venture, our intent and ability to retain our investment in the entity, the financial condition and long-term prospects of the entity, and the relationships with the other joint venture partners and its lenders. The amount of loss recognized is the excess of the investment’s carrying amount over its estimated fair value. If we believe that the decline in fair value is temporary, no impairment is recorded. The aforementioned factors are taken as a whole by management in determining the valuation of our investment property. Should the actual results differ from management’s judgment, the valuation could be negatively affected and may result in a negative impact to our Consolidated Financial Statements. Impairment of Long-Lived Assets Quarterly or when changes in circumstances warrant, we will assess our real estate properties for indicators of impairment. The judgments regarding the existence of impairment indicators are based on certain factors. Such factors include, among other things, operational performance, market conditions, the Operating Partnership’s intent and ability to hold the related asset, as well as any significant cost overruns on development properties. If a real estate property has indicators of impairment, we assess whether the long-lived asset’s carrying value exceeds the community’s undiscounted future cash flows, which is representative of projected net operating income (“NOI”) plus the residual value of the community. Our future cash flow estimates are based upon historical results adjusted to reflect our best estimate of future market and operating conditions and our estimated holding periods. If such indicators of impairment are present and the carrying value exceeds the undiscounted cash flows of the community, an impairment loss is recognized equal to the excess of the carrying amount of the asset over its estimated fair value. Our estimates of fair value represent our best estimate based primarily upon unobservable inputs related to rental rates, operating costs, growth rates, discount rates and capitalization rates, industry trends and reference to market rates and transactions. 59 Table of Contents For long-lived assets to be disposed of, impairment losses are recognized when the fair value of the asset less estimated cost to sell is less than the carrying value of the asset. Properties classified as real estate held for disposition generally represent properties that are actively marketed or contracted for sale with the closing expected to occur within the next twelve months. Real estate held for disposition is carried at the lower of cost, net of accumulated depreciation, or fair value, less the cost to sell, determined on an asset-by-asset basis. Expenditures for ordinary repair and maintenance costs on held for disposition properties are charged to expense as incurred. Expenditures for improvements, renovations, and replacements related to held for disposition properties are capitalized at cost. Depreciation is not recorded on real estate held for disposition. Real Estate Investment Properties We purchase real estate investment properties from time to time and record the fair value to various components, such as land, buildings, and intangibles related to in-place leases, based on the fair value of each component. In making estimates of fair values for purposes of allocating purchase price, we utilize various sources, including independent appraisals, our own analysis of recently acquired and existing comparable properties in our portfolio and other market data. The fair value of buildings is determined as if the buildings were vacant upon acquisition and subsequently leased at market rental rates. As such, the determination of fair value considers the present value of all cash flows expected to be generated from the property including an initial lease-up period. We determine the fair value of in-place leases by assessing the net effective rent and remaining term of the lease relative to market terms for similar leases at acquisition. In addition, we consider the cost of acquiring similar leases, the foregone rents associated with the lease-up period, and the carrying costs associated with the lease-up period. The fair value of in-place leases is recorded and amortized as amortization expense over the remaining average contractual lease period. 60 Table of Contents Summary of Real Estate Portfolio by Geographic Market The following table summarizes our market information by major geographic markets as of and for the year ended December 31, 2020: Same-Store Communities Communities Homes Value December 31, 2020 Percentage of Total Number of Number of Apartment Apartment Carrying Total Carrying Value (in thousands) Occupancy Average Physical Year Ended December 31, 2020 Net Operating Income (in thousands) Monthly Income per Occupied Home (a) West Region Orange County, CA San Francisco, CA Seattle, WA Monterey Peninsula, CA Los Angeles, CA Other Southern California Portland, OR Mid-Atlantic Region Metropolitan D.C. Baltimore, MD Northeast Region Boston, MA New York, NY Southeast Region Tampa, FL Nashville, TN Other Florida Southwest Region Denver, CO Total/Average Same-Store Communities Non-Mature, Commercial Properties & Other Total Real Estate Owned Total Accumulated Depreciation Total Real Estate Owned, Net of Accumulated Depreciation 5 9 5 7 2 1 2 5 2 1 1 2 6 1 1 50 3 53 3,119 2,185 932 1,565 344 414 476 18.6 % $ 15.3 % 5.8 % 4.6 % 2.9 % 1.9 % 1.3 % 753,801 617,293 233,525 185,224 118,281 76,883 52,126 1,736 540 10.9 % 2.7 % 442,224 108,779 387 503 1.9 % 8.3 % 76,059 334,347 942 1,612 636 2.8 % 3.9 % 2.2 % 114,452 157,415 89,630 $ 96.6 % $ 92.6 % 97.0 % 96.6 % 96.4 % 97.6 % 97.1 % 96.3 % 97.8 % 95.5 % 90.9 % 97.7 % 97.6 % 97.2 % 2,277 3,198 2,086 1,940 2,728 2,155 1,637 2,106 1,563 2,086 3,449 1,556 1,352 1,656 62,791 57,812 15,840 27,587 7,740 7,897 6,623 29,262 6,781 6,656 10,684 11,333 18,159 8,085 218 15,609 3.6 % 86.7 % 144,959 3,504,998 93.1 % 96.0 % $ 3,012 2,173 1,565 17,174 13.3 % 100.0 % 538,727 4,043,725 (1,892,011) $ 2,151,714 5,199 282,449 20,838 303,287 $ $ (a) Monthly Income per Occupied Home represents total monthly revenues divided by the average physical number of occupied apartment homes in our Same-Store portfolio. We report in two segments: Same-Store Communities and Non-Mature Communities/Other. Our Same-Store Communities segment represents those communities acquired, developed, and stabilized prior to January 1, 2019 and held as of December 31, 2020. These communities were owned and had stabilized occupancy and operating expenses as of the beginning of the prior year, there is no plan to conduct substantial redevelopment activities, and the communities are not classified as held for disposition at year end. A community is considered to have stabilized occupancy once it achieves 90% occupancy for at least three consecutive months. Our Non-Mature Communities/Other segment represents those communities that do not meet the criteria to be included in Same-Store Communities, including, but not limited to, recently acquired, developed and redeveloped communities, and the non-apartment components of mixed use properties. Liquidity and Capital Resources Liquidity is the ability to meet present and future financial obligations either through operating cash flows, the sale of properties, and the issuance of debt. Both the coordination of asset and liability maturities and effective capital management are important to the maintenance of liquidity. The Operating Partnership’s primary source of liquidity is cash flow from operations, as determined by rental rates, occupancy levels, and operating expenses related to our portfolio of apartment homes, and borrowings owed by us under the General Partner’s credit agreements. The General 61 Table of Contents Partner will routinely use its working capital credit facility, its unsecured revolving credit facility and issuances of commercial paper to temporarily fund certain investing and financing activities prior to arranging for longer-term financing or the issuance of equity or debt securities. During the past several years, proceeds from the sale of real estate have been used for both investing and financing activities as we continue to execute on maintaining a diversified portfolio. We expect to meet our short-term liquidity requirements generally through net cash provided by property operations and borrowings owed by us under the General Partner’s credit agreements. We expect to meet certain long-term liquidity requirements such as scheduled debt maturities and potential property acquisitions through net cash provided by property operations, borrowings and the disposition of properties. We believe that our net cash provided by property operations and borrowings will continue to be adequate to meet both operating requirements and the payment of distributions. Likewise, the budgeted expenditures for improvements and renovations of certain properties are expected to be funded from property operations, borrowings owed by us under the General Partner’s credit agreements, and the disposition of properties. Future Capital Needs Future capital expenditures are expected to be funded with proceeds from the issuance of secured debt or unsecured debt, sales of properties, borrowings owed by us under our General Partner’s credit agreements, and to a lesser extent, from cash flows provided by operating activities. As of December 31, 2020, the Operating Partnership does not have any debt maturing in 2021. Statements of Cash Flows The following discussion explains the changes in Net cash provided by/(used in) operating activities, Net cash provided by/(used in) investing activities, and Net cash provided by/(used in) financing activities that are presented in our Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019. Operating Activities For the year ended December 31, 2020, Net cash provided by/(used in) operating activities was $217.7 million compared to $255.1 million for 2019. The decrease in cash flow from operating activities was primarily due to a decrease in net operating income and changes in operating assets and liabilities. Investing Activities For the year ended December 31, 2020, Net cash provided by/(used in) investing activities was $(140.0) million compared to $(43.9) million for 2019. The increase in cash used in investing activities was primarily due to the acquisition of two operating communities in 2020, partially offset by proceeds from the sale of an operating community 2020 and a decrease in capital expenditures and other major improvements in 2020, as compared to 2019. Acquisitions In November 2020, the Operating Partnership acquired a 672 apartment home operating community located in Tampa, Florida for approximately $122.5 million. The Operating Partnership increased its real estate assets owned by approximately $119.4 million and recorded approximately $3.1 million of in-place lease intangibles. In December 2020, the Operating Partnership acquired a 400 apartment home operating community located in Herndon, Virginia for approximately $128.6 million. The Operating Partnership increased its real estate assets owned by approximately $125.9 million and recorded approximately $2.7 million of in-place lease intangibles. During the year ended December 31, 2019, the Operating Partnership did not have any acquisitions of real estate. Dispositions In October 2020, the Operating Partnership sold an operating community located in Alexandria, Virginia with a total of 332 apartment homes for gross proceeds of $145.0 million, resulting in a gain of approximately $58.0 million. 62 Table of Contents The proceeds were designated for a tax-deferred Section 1031 exchange and were used to pay a portion of the purchase price for acquisitions in November and December 2020. During the year ended December 31, 2019, the Operating Partnership did not have any dispositions of real estate. Financing Activities For the year ended December 31, 2020, Net cash provided by/(used in) financing activities was $(76.6) million compared to $(210.9) million for 2019. The decrease in cash used in financing activities was primarily due to a decrease in repayments of notes payable to the General Partner, partially offset by proceeds from the issuance of secured debt in 2019. Guarantor on Unsecured Debt The Operating Partnership is the guarantor on the General Partner’s unsecured revolving credit facility with an aggregate borrowing capacity of $1.1 billion, an unsecured commercial paper program with an aggregate borrowing capacity of $500 million, a $350 million term loan due September 2023, $300 million of medium-term notes due October 2025, $300 million of medium-term notes due September 2026, $300 million of medium-term notes due July 2027, $300 million of medium-term notes due January 2028, $300 million of medium-term notes due January 2029, $600 million of medium-term notes due January 2030, $400 million of medium-term notes due August 2031, $400 million of medium-term notes due August 2032, $350 million of medium-term notes due March 2033 and $300 million of medium-term notes due November 2034. As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, the General Partner did not have an outstanding balance under the unsecured revolving credit facility and had $190.0 million and $300.0 million, respectively, outstanding under its unsecured commercial paper program. The credit facilities are subject to customary financial covenants and limitations. Interest Rate Risk We are exposed to interest rate risk associated with variable rate notes payable and maturing debt that has to be refinanced. We do not hold financial instruments for trading or other speculative purposes, but rather issue these financial instruments to finance our portfolio of real estate assets. Interest rate sensitivity is the relationship between changes in market interest rates and the fair value of market rate sensitive assets and liabilities. Our earnings are affected as changes in short-term interest rates impact our cost of variable rate debt and maturing fixed rate debt. We had $27.0 million in variable rate debt that is not subject to interest rate swap contracts as of December 31, 2020. If market interest rates for variable rate debt increased by 100 basis points, our interest expense would increase by $0.3 million based on the average balance at December 31, 2020. These amounts are determined by considering the impact of hypothetical interest rates on our borrowing cost. These analyses do not consider the effects of the adjusted level of overall economic activity that could exist in such an environment. Further, in the event of a change of such amount, management would likely take actions to further mitigate our exposure to the change. However, due to the uncertainty of the specific actions that would be taken and their possible effects, the sensitivity analysis assumes no change in our financial structure. The General Partner also utilizes derivative financial instruments owed by the Operating Partnership to manage interest rate risk and generally designates these financial instruments as cash flow hedges. See Note 9, Derivatives and Hedging Activities, in the Notes to the Operating Partnership’s Consolidated Financial Statements for additional discussion of derivative instruments. A presentation of cash flow metrics based on GAAP is as follows (dollars in thousands): Net cash provided by/(used in) operating activities Net cash provided by/(used in) investing activities Net cash provided by/(used in) financing activities $ Year Ended December 31, 2019 2020 255,093 217,683 (140,039) (43,906) (210,853) (76,578) $ 63 Table of Contents Results of Operations The following discussion explains the changes in results of operations that are presented in our Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019. Net Income/(Loss) Attributable to OP Unitholders Net income/(loss) attributable to OP unitholders was $134.2 million ($0.73 per diluted OP Unit) for the year ended December 31, 2020 as compared to net income of $102.2 million ($0.56 per diluted OP Unit) for the prior year. The increase in net income attributable to OP unitholders resulted primarily from the following items, which are discussed in further detail elsewhere within this Report: ● gain of $58.0 million on the sale of an operating community in Alexandria, Virginia during the year ended December 31, 2020, as compared to no gains on the sale of real estate in 2019. This was partially offset by: ● a decrease in total property NOI of $19.7 million primarily due to an approximately $5.5 million reserve recorded on our multifamily tenant lease receivables, an increase in real estate taxes due to higher assessed valuations, and an increase in repair and maintenance expenses due to increased use of third party vendors, partially offset by a decrease in personnel expense as result of fewer employees; and ● an increase in other operating expenses of $6.7 million primarily due to higher ground lease expense. Apartment Community Operations Our net income results primarily from NOI generated from the operation of our apartment communities. The Operating Partnership defines NOI, which is a non-GAAP financial measure, as rental income less direct property rental expenses. Rental income represents gross market rent less adjustments for concessions, vacancy loss and bad debt. Rental expenses include real estate taxes, insurance, personnel, utilities, repairs and maintenance, administrative and marketing. Excluded from NOI are property management costs, which are the Operating Partnership’s allocable share of costs incurred by the General Partner for shared services of corporate level property management employees and related support functions and costs. Management considers NOI a useful metric for investors as it is a more meaningful representation of a community’s continuing operating performance than net income as it is prior to corporate-level expense allocations, general and administrative costs, capital structure and depreciation and amortization. Although we consider NOI a useful measure of operating performance, NOI should not be considered an alternative to net income or net cash flow from operating activities as determined in accordance with GAAP. NOI excludes several income and expense categories as detailed in the reconciliation of NOI to Net income/(loss) attributable to OP unitholders below. 64 Table of Contents The following table summarizes the operating performance of our total property NOI for each of the periods presented (dollars in thousands): Same-Store Communities: Same-Store rental income Same-Store operating expense (b) Same-Store NOI Year Ended December 31, (a) 2020 2019 % Change Year Ended December 31, (b) % 2019 2018 Change $ 390,848 (108,399) 282,449 $ 403,551 (103,355) 300,196 (3.1)% $ 404,442 (104,284) 4.9 % 300,158 (5.9)% $ 390,647 (100,815) 289,832 3.5 % 3.4 % 3.6 % Non-Mature Communities/Other NOI: Stabilized, non-mature communities NOI (d) Acquired communities NOI Redevelopment communities NOI Non-residential/other NOI (c) Sold and held for disposition communities NOI Total Non-Mature Communities/Other NOI Total property NOI 8,498 1,176 — 12,773 — — 6,959 4,205 20,838 $ 303,287 4,504 5,533 22,810 $ 323,006 — 5,621 (33.5)% — % 12,773 — % 4,454 54.5 % — (24.0)% (8.6)% 22,848 (6.1)% $ 323,006 5,125 — 14,878 6,634 9.7 % — (14.1)% (32.9)% 911 (100.0)% (17.1)% 1.8 % 27,548 $ 317,380 (a) Same-Store consists of 15,609 apartment homes. (b) Same-Store consists of 15,723 apartment homes. (c) Excludes depreciation, amortization, and property management expenses. (d) Represents non-mature communities that have achieved 90% occupancy for three consecutive months but do not meet the criteria to be included in Same-Store Communities. The following table is our reconciliation of Net income/(loss) attributable to OP unitholders to total property NOI for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018 (dollars in thousands): Net income/(loss) attributable to OP unitholders Property management Other operating expenses Real estate depreciation and amortization General and administrative Casualty-related charges/(recoveries), net (Gain)/loss on sale of real estate owned (Income)/loss from unconsolidated entities Interest expense Net income/(loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests Total property NOI Same-Store Communities 2020 $ 134,229 12,326 16,138 143,005 17,987 793 (57,960) 5,543 29,357 1,869 $ 303,287 Year Ended December 31, 2019 $ 102,163 12,701 9,488 139,975 18,014 853 — 8,313 29,667 1,832 $ 323,006 2018 $ 229,763 11,878 8,864 143,481 16,889 951 (75,507) (43,496) 22,835 1,722 $ 317,380 Our Same-Store Community properties (those acquired, developed, and stabilized prior to January 1, 2019 and held as of December 31, 2020) consisted of 15,609 apartment homes and provided 93.1% of our total NOI for the year ended December 31, 2020. NOI for our Same-Store Community properties decreased 5.9%, or $17.7 million, for the year ended December 31, 2020 compared to 2019. The decrease in property NOI was primarily attributable to a 3.1%, or $12.7 million, decrease in property rental income and a 4.9%, or $5.0 million, increase in operating expenses. The decrease in property rental income was primarily driven by a $6.1 million increase in our reserve on multifamily tenant lease receivables, a $5.9 million increase in rent concessions and a $4.7 million increase in economic occupancy loss, partially offset by a 0.8%, or $3.1 million, increase in rental rates and a 2.0%, or $0.9 million, increase in reimbursement and ancillary and fee income. Physical occupancy decreased 0.8% to 96.0% and total monthly income per occupied home decreased 2.4% to $2,173. 65 Table of Contents The increase in operating expenses was primarily driven by a 15.9%, or $2.6 million, increase in repair and maintenance expense due to the increased use of third party vendors, partially offset by a 9.0%, or $2.0 million, decrease in personnel expense as a result of fewer employees, and a 7.8%, or $3.0 million, increase in real estate taxes, which was primarily due to higher assessed valuations. The operating margin (property net operating income divided by property rental income) was 72.3% and 74.4% for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Non-Mature Communities/Other The Operating Partnership’s Non-Mature Communities/Other represent those communities that do not meet the criteria to be included in Same-Store Communities, which include communities recently developed or acquired, redevelopment properties, sold or held for disposition properties and the non-apartment components of mixed use properties. The remaining 6.9%, or $20.8 million, of our total NOI during the year ended December 31, 2020 was generated from our Non-Mature Communities/Other. NOI from Non-Mature Communities/Other decreased 8.6%, or $2.0 million, for the year ended December 31, 2020 as compared to 2019. The decrease was primarily driven by a decrease in NOI of $4.3 million from stabilized, non-mature communities, and a decrease of $1.3 million from sold and held for disposition communities, partially offset by an increase of $2.5 million from non-residential/other primarily due to changes in straight-line rent as a result of increased tenant rent concessions during 2020, and an increase of $1.2 million from acquired communities. Other Operating Expense For the year ended December 31, 2020, other operating expense increased by 70.1%, or $6.7 million, as compared to 2019, which was primarily due to higher ground lease expense in 2020 as a result of a rent reset provision on one of our ground leases. Gain/(Loss) on Sale of Real Estate Owned During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Operating Partnership recognized a gain of $58.0 million on the sale of an operating community in Alexandria, Virginia with a total of 332 apartment homes. During the year ended December 31, 2019, the Operating Partnership did not recognize any gains on the sale of real estate. Inflation We believe that the direct effects of inflation on our operations have been immaterial. While the impact of inflation primarily impacts our results of operations as a result of wage pressures and increases in utilities and material costs, the majority of our apartment leases have initial terms of 12 months or less, which generally enables us to compensate for any inflationary effects by increasing rental rates on our apartment homes. Although an extreme escalation in costs could have a negative impact on our residents and their ability to absorb rent increases, we do not believe this has had a material impact on our results for the year ended December 31, 2020. Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements We do not have any off-balance sheet arrangements that have, or are reasonably likely to have, a current or future effect on our financial condition, changes in financial condition, revenue or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources that are material. 66 Table of Contents Contractual Obligations The following table summarizes our contractual obligations as of December 31, 2020 (dollars in thousands): Contractual Obligations Long-term debt obligations Interest on debt obligations (a) Operating lease obligations — ground leases (b) Operating lease obligations — equipment leases Payments Due by Period 2022-2023 2024-2025 Thereafter 2021 $ — $ — $ 2,475 12,442 179 $ 15,096 4,950 24,884 370 $ 30,204 — $ 99,500 10,593 442,778 813 $ 553,684 4,950 24,884 386 $ 30,220 Total $ 99,500 22,968 504,988 1,748 $ 629,204 (a) Interest payments on variable rate debt instruments are based on each debt instrument’s respective year-end interest rate at December 31, 2020. (b) For purposes of our ground lease contracts, the Operating Partnership uses the minimum lease payment, if stated in the agreement. For ground lease agreements where there is a rent reset provision based on fair market value or changes in the consumer price index but does not include a specified minimum lease payment, the Operating Partnership uses the current rent over the remainder of the lease term. Item 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK Information required by this item is included in and incorporated by reference from Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations of this Report. Item 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA The consolidated financial statements and related financial information required to be filed are attached to this Report. Reference is made to page F-1 of this Report for the Index to Consolidated Financial Statements and Schedules of UDR, Inc. and United Dominion Realty, L.P. Item 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE None. Item 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES Disclosure Controls and Procedures The disclosure controls and procedures of the Company and the Operating Partnership are designed with the objective of ensuring that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is recorded, processed, summarized and disclosed within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Our disclosure controls and procedures are also designed to ensure that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. It should be noted that the design of any system of controls is based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions, regardless of how remote. As a result, our disclosure controls and procedures are designed to provide reasonable assurance that such disclosure controls and procedures will meet their objectives. As of December 31, 2020, we carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer of the Company, which is the sole general partner of the Operating Partnership, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of the disclosure controls and procedures of the Company and the Operating Partnership. Based on this evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer of the Company concluded that the disclosure controls and procedures of the Company and the Operating Partnership are effective at the reasonable assurance level described above. 67 Table of Contents Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting The management of the Company is responsible for establishing and maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 for the Company and the Operating Partnership. Under the supervision and with the participation of the management, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer of the Company, which is the sole general partner of the Operating Partnership, conducted an assessment of the effectiveness of the internal control over financial reporting based on the framework in Internal Control — Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations (2013 Framework) (COSO). Based on such evaluation, management concluded that the Company’s and the Operating Partnership’s internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2020. Ernst & Young LLP, the independent registered public accounting firm that audited our consolidated financial statements included in this Report, has audited UDR, Inc.’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2020. The report of Ernst & Young LLP, which expresses an unqualified opinion on UDR, Inc.’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2020, is included under the heading “Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm” of UDR, Inc. contained in this Report. Further, an attestation report of the registered public accounting firm of United Dominion Realty, L.P. will not be required as long as United Dominion Realty, L.P. is a non-accelerated filer. Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting There have not been any changes in either the Company’s or the Operating Partnership’s internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) during the fourth fiscal quarter to which this Report relates that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the internal control over financial reporting of either the Company or the Operating Partnership. Item 9B. OTHER INFORMATION None. 68 Table of Contents PART III Item 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE The information required by this item is incorporated by reference to the information set forth under the headings “Proposal No. 1 Election of Directors,” “Corporate Governance Matters,” “Audit Committee Report,” “Corporate Governance Matters-Board Leadership Structure and Committees-Audit Committee Financial Expert,” “Corporate Governance Matters- Identification and Selection of Nominees for Directors,” “Corporate Governance Matters-Board of Directors and Committee Meetings” and “Executive Officers” in UDR, Inc.’s definitive proxy statement (our “definitive proxy statement”) for its 2021 Annual Meeting of Stockholders. UDR is the sole general partner of the Operating Partnership. We have a code of ethics for senior financial officers that applies to our principal executive officer, all members of our finance staff, including the principal financial officer, the principal accounting officer, the treasurer and the controller, our director of investor relations, our corporate secretary, and all other Company officers. We also have a code of business conduct and ethics that applies to all of our employees. Information regarding our codes is available on our website, www.udr.com, and is incorporated by reference to the information set forth under the heading “Corporate Governance Matters” in our definitive proxy statement for UDR’s 2021 Annual Meeting of Stockholders. We intend to satisfy the disclosure requirements under Item 5.05 of Form 8-K regarding an amendment to, or a waiver from, a provision of our codes by posting such amendment or waiver on our website. Item 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION The information required by this item is incorporated by reference to the information set forth under the headings “Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management,” “Corporate Governance Matters-Board Leadership Structure and Committees-Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation,” “Executive Compensation,” “Compensation of Directors” and “Executive Compensation-Compensation Committee Report” in the definitive proxy statement for UDR’s 2021 Annual Meeting of Stockholders. UDR is the sole general partner of the Operating Partnership. Item 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS The information required by this item is incorporated by reference to the information set forth under the headings “Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management,” “Executive Compensation” and “Executive Compensation-Equity Compensation Plan Information” in the definitive proxy statement for UDR’s 2021 Annual Meeting of Stockholders. UDR is the sole general partner of the Operating Partnership. Item 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE The information required by this item is incorporated by reference to the information set forth under the heading “Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management,” “Corporate Governance Matters-Corporate Governance Overview,” “Corporate Governance Matters-Director Independence,” “Corporate Governance Matters-Board Leadership Structure and Committees-Independence of the Audit, Compensation, Governance and Nominating Committees,” and “Executive Compensation” in the definitive proxy statement for UDR’s 2021 Annual Meeting of Stockholders. UDR is the sole general partner of the Operating Partnership. Information regarding related party transactions between UDR and the Operating Partnership is presented in Note 7, Related Party Transactions, of the Consolidated Financial Statements of United Dominion Realty, L.P. referenced in Part IV, Item 15(a) of this Report. Item 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES The information required by this item is incorporated by reference to the information set forth under the headings “Audit Matters-Audit Fees” and “Audit Matters-Pre-Approval Policies and Procedures” in the definitive proxy statement for UDR’s 2021 Annual Meeting of Stockholders. UDR is the sole general partner of the Operating Partnership. 69 Table of Contents Item 15. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES (a) The following documents are filed as part of this Report: PART IV 1. Financial Statements. See Index to Consolidated Financial Statements and Schedules of UDR, Inc. and United Dominion Realty, L.P. on page F-1 of this Report. 2. Financial Statement Schedules. See Index to Consolidated Financial Statements and Schedules of UDR, Inc. and United Dominion Realty, L.P. on page S-1 of this Report. All other schedules are omitted because they are not required, are inapplicable, or the required information is included in the financial statements or notes thereto. 3. Exhibits. The exhibits filed with this Report are set forth in the Exhibit Index appearing immediately below. EXHIBIT INDEX The exhibits listed below are filed as part of this Report. References under the caption “Location” to exhibits or other filings indicate that the exhibit or other filing has been filed, that the indexed exhibit and the exhibit referred to are the same and that the exhibit referred to is incorporated by reference. Management contracts and compensatory plans or arrangements filed as exhibits to this Report are identified by an asterisk. The Commission file number for UDR, Inc.’s Exchange Act filings referenced below is 1-10524. The Commission file number for United Dominion Realty, L.P.’s Exchange Act filings is 333- 156002-01. Exhibit 2.01 2.02 2.03 Description Location Exhibit 2(d) to UDR, Inc.’s Form S-3 Registration Statement (Registration No. 333-64281) filed with the Commission on September 25, 1998. Exhibit 2.1 to UDR, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated September 28, 2004 and filed with the Commission on September 29, 2004. Exhibit 2.2 to UDR, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated September 29, 2004 and filed with the Commission on October 5, 2004. Partnership Interest Purchase and Exchange Agreement dated as of September 10, 1998, by and between UDR, Inc., United Dominion Realty, L.P., American Apartment Communities Operating Partnership, L.P., AAC Management LLC, Schnitzer Investment Corp., Fox Point Ltd. and James D. Klingbeil including as an exhibit thereto the proposed form of the Third Amended and Restated Limited Partnership Agreement of United Dominion Realty, L.P. Agreement of Purchase and Sale dated as of August 13, 2004, by and between United Dominion Realty, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership, as Buyer, and Essex The Crest, L.P., a California limited partnership, Essex El Encanto Apartments, L.P., a California limited partnership, Essex Hunt Club Apartments, L.P., a California limited partnership, and the other signatories named as Sellers therein. First Amendment to Agreement of Purchase and Sale dated as of September 29, 2004, by and between United Dominion Realty, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership, as Buyer, and Essex The Crest, L.P., a California limited partnership, Essex El Encanto Apartments, L.P., a California limited partnership, Essex Hunt Club Apartments, L.P., a California limited partnership, and the other signatories named as Sellers therein. 70 Table of Contents Exhibit 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 Description Location Second Amendment to Agreement of Purchase and Sale dated as of October 26, 2004, by and between United Dominion Realty, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership, as Buyer, and Essex The Crest, L.P., a California limited partnership, Essex El Encanto Apartments, L.P., a California limited partnership, Essex Hunt Club Apartments, L.P., a California limited partnership, and the other signatories named as Sellers therein. Agreement of Purchase and Sale dated as of January 23, 2008, by and between UDR, Inc., United Dominion Realty, L.P., UDR Texas Properties LLC, UDR Western Residential, Inc., UDR South Carolina Trust, UDR Ohio Properties, LLC, UDR of Tennessee, L.P., UDR of NC, Limited Partnership, Heritage Communities L.P., Governour’s Square of Columbus Co., Fountainhead Apartments Limited Partnership, AAC Vancouver I, L.P., AAC Funding Partnership III, AAC Funding Partnership II and DRA Fund VI LLC. First Amendment to Agreement of Purchase and Sale dated as of February 14, 2008, by and between UDR, Inc., United Dominion Realty, L.P., UDR Texas Properties LLC, UDR Western Residential, Inc., UDR South Carolina Trust, UDR Ohio Properties, LLC, UDR of Tennessee, L.P., UDR of NC, Limited Partnership, Heritage Communities L.P., Governour’s Square of Columbus Co., Fountainhead Apartments Limited Partnership, AAC Vancouver I, L.P., AAC Funding Partnership III, AAC Funding Partnership II and DRA Fund VI LLC. Contribution Agreement by and among Home Properties, L.P., UDR, Inc., United Dominion Realty, L.P. and LSREF 4 Lighthouse Acquisitions, LLC, dated June 22, 2015 (UDR, Inc. and United Dominion Realty, L.P. have omitted certain schedules and exhibits pursuant to Item 601(b)(2) of Regulation S-K and shall furnish supplementally to the Commission copies of any of the omitted schedules and exhibits upon request by the Commission.) Amendment Agreement, dated as of August 27, 2015, by and among UDR, Inc., United Dominion Realty, L.P., Home Properties, Inc., Home Properties, L.P., LSREF4 Lighthouse Acquisitions, LLC LSREF4 Lighthouse Corporate Acquisitions, LLC and LSREF4 Lighthouse Operating Acquisitions, LLC. Exhibit 2.3 to UDR, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K/A dated September 29, 2004 and filed with the Commission on November 1, 2004. Exhibit 2.1 to UDR, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated January 23, 2008 and filed with the Commission on January 29, 2008. Exhibit 2.2 to UDR, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K/A dated March 3, 2008 and filed with the Commission on May 2, 2008. Exhibit 2.1 to UDR, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated and filed with the Commission on June 22, 2015. Exhibit 2.1 to UDR, Inc.’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2015. 3.01 Articles of Restatement of UDR, Inc. Exhibit 3.09 to UDR, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated July 27, 2005 and filed with the Commission on August 1, 2005. 71 Table of Contents Exhibit 3.02 3.03 3.04 3.05 3.06 3.07 3.08 3.09 3.10 3.11 3.12 3.13 Description Location Articles of Amendment to the Articles of Restatement of UDR, Inc. dated and filed with the State Department of Assessments and Taxation of the State of Maryland on March 14, 2007. Articles of Amendment to the Articles of Restatement of UDR, Inc. dated August 30, 2011 and filed with the State Department of Assessments and Taxation of the State of Maryland on August 31, 2011. Exhibit 3.2 to UDR, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated March 14, 2007 and filed with the Commission on March 15, 2007. Exhibit 3.1 to UDR, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated August 29, 2011 and filed with the Commission on September 1, 2011. Articles of Amendment to the Articles of Restatement of UDR, Inc. dated and filed with the State Department of Assessments and Taxation of the State of Maryland on May 24, 2018. Exhibit 3.1 to UDR, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated May 24, 2018 and filed with the SEC on May 29, 2018. Articles Supplementary relating to UDR, Inc.’s 6.75% Series G Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock dated and filed with the State Department of Assessments and Taxation of the State of Maryland on May 30, 2007. Exhibit 3.4 to UDR, Inc.’s Form 8-A Registration Statement dated and filed with the Commission on May 30, 2007. Amended and Restated Bylaws of UDR, Inc. (as amended through May 24, 2018). Certificate of Limited Partnership of United Dominion Realty, L.P. dated as of February 19, 2004. Exhibit 3.6 to UDR, Inc.’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2018. Exhibit 3.4 to United Dominion Realty, L.P.’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 1 to Registration Statement on Form S-3 dated and filed with the Commission on October 15, 2010. Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership of United Dominion Realty, L.P. dated as of February 23, 2004. Exhibit 10.23 to UDR, Inc.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2003. First Amendment to the Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership of United Dominion Realty, L.P. dated as of June 24, 2005. Exhibit 10.06 to UDR, Inc.’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2005. Second Amendment to the Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership of United Dominion Realty, L.P. dated as of February 23, 2006. Exhibit 10.6 to UDR, Inc.’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2006. Third Amendment to the Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership of United Dominion Realty, L.P. dated as of February 2, 2007. Exhibit 99.1 to UDR, Inc.’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2009. Fourth Amendment to the Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership of United Dominion Realty, L.P. dated as of December 27, 2007. Exhibit 10.25 to UDR, Inc.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007. Fifth Amendment to the Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership of United Dominion Realty, L.P. dated as of March 7, 2008. Exhibit 10.53 to UDR, Inc.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2008. 72 Table of Contents Exhibit 3.14 Description Sixth Amendment to the Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership of United Dominion Realty, L.P. dated as of December 9, 2008. Location Exhibit 10.1 to UDR, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated December 9, 2008 and filed with the Commission on December 10, 2008. 3.15 3.16 3.17 3.18 3.19 Seventh Amendment to the Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership of United Dominion Realty, L.P., dated as of March 13, 2009. Exhibit 10.1 to UDR, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated March 18, 2009 and filed with the Commission on March 19, 2009. Eighth Amendment to the Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership of United Dominion Realty, L.P., dated as of November 17, 2010. Exhibit 10.1 to UDR, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated and filed with the Commission on November 18, 2010. Ninth Amendment to the Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership of United Dominion Realty, L.P., dated as of December 4, 2015. Exhibit 10.1 to UDR, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated December 4, 2015 and filed with the Commission on December 10, 2015. Tenth Amendment to the Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership of United Dominion Realty, L.P., dated as of October 29, 2018. Exhibit 3.18 to UDR, Inc.’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2018. Eleventh Amendment to the Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership of United Dominion Realty, L.P., dated as of December 16, 2020. Exhibit 10.1 to UDR, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated and filed with the Commission on December 16, 2020. 4.01 Form of UDR, Inc. Common Stock Certificate. Exhibit 4.1 to UDR, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated March 14, 2007 and filed with the Commission on March 15, 2007. Exhibit 4(ii)(h)(1) to UDR, Inc.’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 1996. 4.02 4.03 4.04 Senior Indenture dated as of November 1, 1995, by and between UDR, Inc. and First Union National Bank of Virginia, N.A., as trustee. Supplemental Indenture dated as of June 11, 2003, by and between UDR, Inc. and Wachovia Bank, National Association, as trustee. Exhibit 4.03 to UDR, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated June 17, 2004 and filed with the Commission on June 18, 2004. Subordinated Indenture dated as of August 1, 1994 by and between UDR, Inc. and Crestar Bank, as trustee. Exhibit 4(i)(m) to UDR, Inc.’s Form S-3 Registration Statement (Registration No. 33- 64725) filed with the Commission on November 15, 1995. Exhibit 4(i)(n) to UDR, Inc.’s Form S-3 Registration Statement (Registration No. 33- 64725) filed with the Commission on November 15, 1995. Exhibit 4(i)(p) to UDR, Inc.’s Form S-3 Registration Statement (Registration No. 33- 55159) filed with the Commission on August 19, 1994. Exhibit 4.01 to UDR, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated March 20, 2007 and filed with the Commission on March 22, 2007. 4.05 Form of UDR, Inc. Senior Debt Security. 4.06 Form of UDR, Inc. Subordinated Debt Security. 4.07 Form of UDR, Inc. Fixed Rate Medium-Term Note, Series A. 73 Table of Contents Exhibit 4.08 4.09 4.10 4.11 4.12 4.13 4.14 4.15 4.16 4.17 4.18 4.19 4.20 Description Location Form of UDR, Inc. Floating Rate Medium-Term Note, Series A. Indenture dated as of April 1, 1994, by and between UDR, Inc. and Nationsbank of Virginia, N.A., as trustee. Exhibit 4.02 to UDR, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated March 20, 2007 and filed with the Commission on March 22, 2007. Exhibit 4(ii)(f)(1) to UDR, Inc.’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 1994. Supplemental Indenture dated as of August 20, 2009, by and between UDR, Inc. and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee, to UDR, Inc.’s Indenture dated as of April 1, 1994. Exhibit 4.1 to UDR, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated August 20, 2009 and filed with the Commission on August 21, 2009. Guaranty of United Dominion Realty, L.P. with respect to UDR, Inc.’s Indenture dated as of November 1, 1995. Guaranty of United Dominion Realty, L.P. with respect to UDR, Inc.’s Indenture dated as of October 12, 2006. First Supplemental Indenture among UDR, Inc., United Dominion Realty, L.P. and U.S. Bank National Association, as Trustee, dated as of May 3, 2011, relating to UDR, Inc.’s Medium-Term Notes, Series A, due Nine Months or More from Date of Issue. Exhibit 99.1 to UDR, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated and filed with the Commission on September 30, 2010. Exhibit 99.2 to UDR, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated and filed with the Commission on September 30, 2010. Exhibit 4.1 to UDR, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on May 4, 2011. UDR, Inc. 4.00% Medium-Term Note, Series A due October 2025, issued September 22, 2015. Exhibit 4.23 to UDR, Inc.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015. UDR, Inc. 2.950% Medium-Term Note, Series A due September 2026, issued August 23, 2016. Exhibit 4.1 to UDR, Inc.’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2016. UDR, Inc. 3.500% Medium-Term Note, Series A due July 2027, issued June 16, 2017. Exhibit 10.2 to UDR, Inc.’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2017. UDR, Inc. 3.500% Medium-Term Note, Series A due January 2028, issued December 13, 2017. Exhibit 4.21 to UDR, Inc.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017. UDR, Inc. 4.400% Medium-Term Note, Series A due January 2029, issued October 26, 2018. Exhibit 4.21 to UDR, Inc’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018. UDR, Inc. 3.200% Medium-Term Note, Series A due January 2030, issued July 2, 2019. UDR, Inc. 3.000% Medium-Term Note, Series A due August 2031, issued August 15, 2019. Exhibit 4.1 to UDR, Inc’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2019. Exhibit 4.2 to UDR, Inc’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2019. 74 Table of Contents Exhibit 4.21 Description UDR, Inc. 3.100% Medium-Term Note, Series A due November 2034, issued October 11, 2019. Location Exhibit 4.22 to UDR, Inc.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019. 4.22 UDR, Inc. 3.200% Medium-Term Note, Series A due January 2030, issued October 11, 2019. Exhibit 4.23 to UDR, Inc.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019. 4.23 Description of UDR, Inc’s Securities. Exhibit 4.24 to UDR, Inc.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019. 4.24 4.25 4.26 UDR, Inc. 3.200% Medium-Term Note, Series A due January 2030, issued February 28, 2020. Exhibit 4.1 to UDR, Inc.’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the Quarter ended March 31, 2020. UDR, Inc. 2.100% Medium-Term Note, Series A due August 2032, issued July 21, 2020. Exhibit 4.1 to UDR, Inc.’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the Quarter ended September 30, 2020. UDR, Inc. 1.900% Medium-Term Note, Series A due March 2033, issued December 14, 2020. Filed herewith. 10.01* UDR, Inc. 1999 Long-Term Incentive Plan (as amended and restated February 2, 2017). Exhibit 10.1 to UDR, Inc.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016. 10.02* Form of UDR, Inc. Restricted Stock Award Agreement under the 1999 Long-Term Incentive Plan. Exhibit 10.2 to UDR, Inc.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019. 10.03* Form of UDR, Inc. Restricted Stock Award Agreement for awards outside of the 1999 Long-Term Incentive Plan. 10.04* Description of UDR, Inc. Shareholder Value Plan. 10.05* Description of UDR, Inc. Executive Deferral Plan. 10.06* Indemnification Agreement by and between UDR, Inc. and each of its directors and officers listed on Schedule A thereto. Exhibit 99.3 to UDR, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated March 19, 2007 and filed with the Commission on March 19, 2007. Exhibit 10(x) to UDR, Inc.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 1999. Exhibit 10(xi) to UDR, Inc.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 1999. Exhibit 10.7 to UDR, Inc.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016. 10.07 Subordination Agreement dated as of April 16, 1998, by and between UDR, Inc. and United Dominion Realty, L.P. Exhibit 10(vi)(a) to UDR, Inc.’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 1998. 75 Table of Contents Exhibit 10.08 10.09 10.10 10.11 10.12 10.13 Description Location Third Amended and Restated Distribution Agreement among UDR, Inc., United Dominion Realty, L.P., as Guarantor, Citigroup Global Markets Inc., Deutsche Bank Securities Inc., J.P. Morgan Securities LLC, Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated, Morgan Stanley & Co. Incorporated and Wells Fargo Securities, LLC, as Agents, dated September 1, 2011, with respect to the issue and sale by UDR, Inc. of its Medium-Term Notes, Series A Due Nine Months or More From Date of Issue. Exhibit 1.2 to UDR, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated and filed with the Commission on September 1, 2011. First Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of September 27, 2018, by and among UDR, Inc., as borrower, and the lenders and agents party thereto. Exhibit 10.1 to UDR, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated September 27, 2018 and filed with the Commission on October 1, 2018. Guaranty of United Dominion Realty, L.P., dated as of September 27, 2018, with respect to the Credit Agreement, dated as of September 27, 2018. Exhibit 10.2 to UDR, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated September 27, 2018 and filed with the Commission on October 1, 2018. Amended and Restated Aircraft Time Sharing Agreement dated as of February 18, 2019, by and between UDR, Inc. and Thomas W. Toomey. Exhibit 10.15 to UDR, Inc’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018. Amended and Restated Aircraft Time Sharing Agreement dated as of February 18, 2019, by and between UDR, Inc. and Warren L. Troupe. Exhibit 10.16 to UDR, Inc’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018. Exhibit 1.2 to UDR, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated July 29, 2014 and filed with the Commission on July 31, 2014. Amendment No. 1, dated July 29, 2014, to the Third Amended and Restated Distribution Agreement among UDR, Inc., United Dominion Realty, L.P., as Guarantor, Citigroup Global Markets Inc., Deutsche Bank Securities Inc., J.P. Morgan Securities LLC, Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated, Morgan Stanley & Co. Incorporated and Wells Fargo Securities, LLC, as Agents, dated September 1, 2011, with respect to the issue and sale by UDR, Inc. of its Medium-Term Notes, Series A Due Nine Months or More From Date of Issue. 10.14 Agreement of Limited Partnership of UDR Lighthouse DownREIT L.P., dated as of October 5, 2015, as amended. Exhibit 10.21 to UDR, Inc.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015. 10.15* Class 1 LTIP Unit Award Agreement. 10.16* Notice of Class 2 LTIP Unit Award. 10.17* Notice of Restricted Stock Unit Award. Exhibit 10.22 to UDR, Inc.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015. Exhibit 10.16 to UDR, Inc.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019. Exhibit 10.17 to UDR, Inc.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019. 76 Table of Contents Exhibit 10.18 10.19 10.20 10.21 Description Amendment No. 2, dated April 27, 2017, to the Third Amended and Restated Distribution Agreement, dated September 1, 2011 and as amended July 29, 2014, among the Company and Citigroup Global Markets Inc., J.P. Morgan Securities LLC, Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated, Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC, and Wells Fargo Securities, LLC, as Agents, with respect to the issue and sale by UDR, Inc. of its Medium Term Notes, Series A Due Nine Months or More From Date of Issue. Location Exhibit 1.2 to UDR, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated April 27, 2017 and filed with the Commission on April 27, 2017. Letter Agreement, between UDR, Inc. and Warren L. Troupe (including the related release agreement and consulting agreement as exhibits thereto), dated December 31, 2019. Exhibit 10.1 to UDR, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated December 31, 2019 and filed with the Commission on January 3, 2020. Letter Agreement, between UDR, Inc. and Jerry A. Davis (including the related release agreement and Consulting Agreement as exhibits thereto), dated December 16, 2020. Exhibit 10.2 to UDR Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated and filed with the Commission on December 16, 2020. Amendment No. 3, dated May 7, 2020, to the Third Amended and Restated Distribution Agreement, dated September 1, 2011 and as amended July 29, 2014 and April 27, 2017. Exhibit 1.2 to UDR, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated and filed with the Commission on May 7, 2020. 10.22 Class 1 Performance LTIP Unit Award Agreement. Filed herewith. 10.23 Class 2 Performance LTIP Unit Award Agreement. Filed herewith. 10.24 Class 2 Performance LTIP Unit Award Agreement, STI. Filed herewith. 21 Subsidiaries of UDR, Inc. and United Dominion Realty, L.P. Filed herewith. 23.1 23.2 31.1 31.2 31.3 31.4 32.1 Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm for UDR, Inc. Filed herewith. Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm for United Dominion Realty, L.P. Filed herewith. Rule 13a-14(a) Certification of the Chief Executive Officer of UDR, Inc. Filed herewith. Rule 13a-14(a) Certification of the Chief Financial Officer of UDR, Inc. Filed herewith. Rule 13a-14(a) Certification of the Chief Executive Officer of United Dominion Realty, L.P. Filed herewith. Rule 13a-14(a) Certification of the Chief Financial Officer of United Dominion Realty, L.P. Filed herewith. Section 1350 Certification of the Chief Executive Officer of UDR, Inc. Filed herewith. 77 Table of Contents Exhibit 32.2 Description Section 1350 Certification of the Chief Financial Officer of UDR, Inc. Filed herewith. Location 32.3 32.4 101 Section 1350 Certification of the Chief Executive Officer of United Dominion Realty, L.P. Filed herewith. Section 1350 Certification of the Chief Financial Officer of United Dominion Realty, L.P. Filed herewith. Filed herewith. Inline XBRL (Extensible Business Reporting Language). The following materials from this Annual Report on Form 10-K for the period ended December 31, 2020, formatted in Inline XBRL: (i) consolidated balance sheets of UDR, Inc., (ii) consolidated statements of operations of UDR, Inc., (iii) consolidated statements of comprehensive income/(loss) of UDR, Inc., (iv) consolidated statements of changes in equity of UDR, Inc., (v) consolidated statements of cash flows of UDR, Inc., (vi) notes to consolidated financial statements of UDR, Inc., (vii) consolidated balance sheets of United Dominion Realty, L.P., (viii) consolidated statements of operations of United Dominion Realty, L.P., (ix) consolidated statements of comprehensive income/(loss) of United Dominion Realty, L.P.; (x) consolidated statements of changes in capital of United Dominion Realty, L.P., (xi) consolidated statements of cash flows of United Dominion Realty, L.P. and (xii) notes to consolidated financial statements of United Dominion Realty, L.P. The instance document does not appear in the interactive data file because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document. 104 Cover Page Interactive Data File - the cover page XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document. Filed herewith. * Management Contract or Compensatory Plan or Arrangement Item 16. FORM 10-K SUMMARY None. Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this Report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized. SIGNATURES Date: February 18, 2021 UDR, Inc. By: /s/ Thomas W. Toomey Thomas W. Toomey Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer) 78 Table of Contents Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this Report has been signed below on February 18, 2021 by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities indicated. /s/ Thomas W. Toomey Thomas W. Toomey Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer) /s/ Joseph D. Fisher Joseph D. Fisher Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer) /s/ Tracy L. Hofmeister Tracy L. Hofmeister Senior Vice President – Chief Accounting Officer (Principal Accounting Officer) /s/ James D. Klingbeil James D. Klingbeil Lead Independent Director /s/ Katherine A. Cattanach Katherine A. Cattanach Director /s/ Mary Ann King Mary Ann King Director /s/ Jon A. Grove Jon A. Grove Director /s/ Clint D. McDonnough Clint D. McDonnough Director /s/ Robert A. McNamara Robert A. McNamara Director /s/ Mark R. Patterson Mark R. Patterson Director /s/ Diane M. Morefield Diane M. Morefield Director Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this Report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized. SIGNATURES Date: February 18, 2021 UNITED DOMINION REALTY, L.P. By: UDR, Inc., its sole general partner By: /s/ Thomas W. Toomey Thomas W. Toomey Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer) 79 Table of Contents Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this Report has been signed below on February 18, 2021 by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities indicated. /s/ Thomas W. Toomey Thomas W. Toomey Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer of the General Partner (Principal Executive Officer) /s/ Joseph D. Fisher Joseph D. Fisher Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of the General Partner (Principal Financial Officer) /s/ Tracy L. Hofmeister Tracy L. Hofmeister Senior Vice President – Chief Accounting Officer of the General Partner (Principal Accounting Officer) /s/ James D. Klingbeil James D. Klingbeil Lead Independent Director of the General Partner /s/ Katherine A. Cattanach Katherine A. Cattanach Director of the General Partner /s/ Mary Ann King Mary Ann King Director of the General Partner /s/ Jon A. Grove Jon A. Grove Director of the General Partner /s/ Clint D. McDonnough Clint D. McDonnough Director of the General Partner /s/ Robert A. McNamara Robert A. McNamara Director of the General Partner /s/ Mark R. Patterson Mark R. Patterson Director of the General Partner /s/ Diane M. Morefield Diane M. Morefield Director 80 Table of Contents INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SCHEDULE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FILED AS PART OF THIS REPORT UDR, INC.: Reports of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2020 and 2019 Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019, and 2018 Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income/(Loss) for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019, and 2018 Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019, and 2018 Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019, and 2018 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements UNITED DOMINION REALTY, L.P.: Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2020 and 2019 Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019, and 2018 PAGE F-2 F-6 F-7 F-8 F-9 F-10 F-12 F-58 F-61 F-62 Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income/(Loss) for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019, and 2018 F-63 Consolidated Statements of Changes in Capital for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019, and 2018 Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019, and 2018 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements SCHEDULES FILED AS PART OF THIS REPORT UDR, INC.: Schedule III- Summary of Real Estate Owned UNITED DOMINION REALTY, L.P.: Schedule III- Summary of Real Estate Owned F-64 F-65 F-66 S-1 S-6 All other schedules are omitted since the required information is not present or is not present in amounts sufficient to require submission of the schedule, or because the information required is included in the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto. Table of Contents Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm To the Stockholders and the Board of Directors of UDR, Inc. Opinion on the Financial Statements We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of UDR, Inc. (the Company) as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income/(loss), changes in equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2020, and the related notes and the financial statement schedule listed in the accompanying Index at Item 15(a) (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company at December 31, 2020 and 2019, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2020, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2020, based on criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework), and our report dated February 18, 2021 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon. Basis for Opinion These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB. We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion. Critical Audit Matters The critical audit matters communicated below are matters arising from the current period audit of the financial statements that were communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relate to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matters below, providing separate opinions on the critical audit matters or on the accounts or disclosures to which they relate. Indicators of Impairment of Real Estate Owned and Investment in Unconsolidated Joint Ventures Description of the Matter At December 31, 2020, the Company’s real estate owned, net and investment in and advances to unconsolidated joint ventures, net were approximately $8.5 billion and $600.2 million, respectively. As more fully described in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company periodically evaluates these assets for indicators of impairment, and this includes, among other things, judgments based on factors such as operational performance, market conditions, the Company’s intent and ability to hold each asset, as well as any significant cost overruns on development or redevelopment F - 2 Table of Contents communities. During 2020, the Company did not recognize an impairment related to real estate owned, net or any other than temporary impairments related to its investment in unconsolidated joint ventures. Auditing the Company’s evaluation for indicators of impairment was complex due to a high degree of subjectivity in the identification of events or changes in circumstances that may indicate an impairment of its real estate owned or that the value of its investment in unconsolidated joint ventures may be other than temporarily impaired. Differences or changes in these judgments could have a material impact on the Company’s analysis. How We Addressed the Matter in Our Audit We tested the Company’s internal controls over the asset impairment evaluation process. This included testing controls over management’s determination and review of the considerations used in the impairment indicator analysis. Description of the Matter How We Addressed the Matter in Our Audit Our procedures with regards to the Company’s evaluation for indicators of impairment included, among others, testing the completeness and accuracy of management’s impairment analysis and evaluating management’s judgments determining whether indicators of impairment were present. For example, we performed inquires of management, considered historical operating results and the current market conditions, performed an independent assessment using both internally and externally available information, read the minutes of the meetings of the Board of Directors, and reviewed the Company’s development and redevelopment costs. Accounting for acquisitions of real estate investment properties During 2020, the Company acquired real estate investment properties, including one real estate investment property for which the Company held a previous unconsolidated equity interest. These transactions were accounted for as asset acquisitions. The aggregate increase in real estate and other assets due to these acquisitions was approximately $422.0 million. As more fully described in Note 3 to the consolidated financial statements, the total consideration was allocated to land, land improvements, buildings and improvements, and real estate intangible assets based on their relative fair value. Auditing the Company’s acquisition of real estate investment properties is complex and requires a higher degree of auditor judgment due to the significant assumptions that are utilized in the determination of the relative fair values of the assets acquired. The significant assumptions used in management’s analysis to estimate the fair value of these components includes capitalization rates, market comparable prices for similar land parcels, market rental rates, leasing commission rates as well as the time it would take to lease any acquired buildings that were vacant at acquisition. We tested the Company’s internal controls over the acquisition of real estate investment properties and the resulting purchase price allocations. This included testing controls over management’s identification of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed and evaluating the methods and significant assumptions used by the Company to develop such estimates. Our testing of the fair values of the assets acquired included, among others, evaluating the selection of the Company's valuation model and testing the significant assumptions discussed above as well as the completeness and accuracy of the underlying data. For example, we compared management’s assumptions to observable market transactions and replacement costs associated with the fair value of the land and buildings and improvements. For in-place leases, we compared management’s assumptions to published market data for comparable leases, related leasing commissions and the amount of time it would take to lease up the space to stabilization assuming the space was vacant at acquisition. We involved our real estate valuation specialists to assist in evaluating the significant assumptions listed above. In addition, we performed sensitivity tests on the significant assumptions to evaluate the change in the fair value resulting from changes in the assumptions. F - 3 Table of Contents /s/ Ernst & Young LLP We have served as the Company's auditor since at least 1984, but we are unable to determine the specific year. Denver, Colorado February 18, 2021 F - 4 Table of Contents Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm To the Stockholders and the Board of Directors of UDR, Inc. Opinion on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting We have audited UDR, Inc.’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2020, based on criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework) (the COSO criteria). In our opinion, UDR, Inc. (the Company) maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2020, based on the COSO criteria. We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the consolidated balance sheets of the Company as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, and the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income/(loss), changes in equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2020, and the related notes and the financial statement schedule listed in the accompanying Index at Item 15(a) and our report dated February 18, 2021 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon. Basis for Opinion The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB. We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion. Definition and Limitations of Internal Control Over Financial Reporting A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements. Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. /s/ Ernst & Young LLP Denver, Colorado February 18, 2021 F - 5 Table of Contents UDR, INC. CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (In thousands, except share data) Real estate owned: Real estate held for investment ASSETS Less: accumulated depreciation Real estate held for investment, net Real estate under development (net of accumulated depreciation of $1,010 and $23, respectively) Real estate held for disposition (net of accumulated depreciation of $13,779 and $0, respectively) Total real estate owned, net of accumulated depreciation Cash and cash equivalents Restricted cash Notes receivable, net Investment in and advances to unconsolidated joint ventures, net Operating lease right-of-use assets Other assets Total assets Liabilities: LIABILITIES AND EQUITY Secured debt, net Unsecured debt, net Operating lease liabilities Real estate taxes payable Accrued interest payable Security deposits and prepaid rent Distributions payable Accounts payable, accrued expenses, and other liabilities Total liabilities Commitments and contingencies (Note 15) December 31, 2020 December 31, 2019 $ $ $ $ $ $ 12,706,940 (4,590,577) 8,116,363 246,867 102,876 8,466,106 1,409 22,762 157,992 600,233 200,913 188,118 9,637,533 862,147 4,114,401 195,592 29,946 44,760 49,008 115,795 110,999 5,522,648 12,532,324 (4,131,330) 8,400,994 69,754 — 8,470,748 8,106 25,185 153,650 588,262 204,225 186,296 9,636,472 1,149,441 3,558,083 198,558 29,445 45,199 48,353 109,382 90,032 5,228,493 Redeemable noncontrolling interests in the Operating Partnership and DownREIT Partnership 856,294 1,018,665 Equity: Preferred stock, no par value; 50,000,000 shares authorized: 8.00% Series E Cumulative Convertible; 2,695,363 and 2,780,994 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively Series F; 14,440,519 and 14,691,274 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively Common stock, $0.01 par value; 350,000,000 shares authorized: 296,611,579 and 294,588,305 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively Additional paid-in capital Distributions in excess of net income Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss), net Total stockholders’ equity Noncontrolling interests Total equity Total liabilities and equity 44,764 46,200 1 1 2,966 5,881,383 (2,685,770) (9,144) 3,234,200 24,391 3,258,591 9,637,533 $ 2,946 5,781,975 (2,462,132) (10,448) 3,358,542 30,772 3,389,314 9,636,472 $ See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements. F - 6 Table of Contents UDR, INC. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS (In thousands, except per share data) REVENUES: Rental income Joint venture management and other fees Total revenues OPERATING EXPENSES: Property operating and maintenance Real estate taxes and insurance Property management Other operating expenses Real estate depreciation and amortization General and administrative Casualty-related charges/(recoveries), net Other depreciation and amortization Total operating expenses Gain/(loss) on sale of real estate owned Operating income Income/(loss) from unconsolidated entities Interest expense Interest income and other income/(expense), net Income/(loss) before income taxes Tax (provision)/benefit, net Net income/(loss) Net (income)/loss attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests in the Operating Partnership and DownREIT Partnership Net (income)/loss attributable to noncontrolling interests Net income/(loss) attributable to UDR, Inc. Distributions to preferred stockholders — Series E (Convertible) Net income/(loss) attributable to common stockholders Income/(loss) per weighted average common share: Basic Diluted Weighted average number of common shares outstanding: Basic Diluted Year Ended December 31, 2019 2018 2020 $ 1,236,096 5,069 1,241,165 $ 1,138,138 14,055 1,152,193 $ 1,035,105 11,754 1,046,859 201,944 180,450 35,538 22,762 608,616 49,885 2,131 10,013 1,111,339 119,277 249,103 18,844 (202,706) 6,274 71,515 (2,545) 68,970 (4,543) (161) 64,266 (4,230) 60,036 0.20 0.20 $ $ $ $ $ $ 178,947 150,888 32,721 13,932 501,257 51,533 474 6,666 936,418 5,282 221,057 137,873 (170,917) 15,404 203,417 (3,838) 199,579 (14,426) (188) 184,965 (4,104) 180,861 0.63 0.63 $ $ $ 169,078 133,912 28,465 12,100 429,006 46,983 2,121 6,673 828,338 136,197 354,718 (5,055) (134,168) 6,735 222,230 (688) 221,542 (18,215) (221) 203,106 (3,868) 199,238 0.74 0.74 294,545 294,927 285,247 286,015 268,179 269,483 See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements. F - 7 Table of Contents UDR, INC. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME/(LOSS) (In thousands) Net income/(loss) Other comprehensive income/(loss), including portion attributable to noncontrolling interests: Other comprehensive income/(loss) - derivative instruments: Unrealized holding gain/(loss) (Gain)/loss reclassified into earnings from other comprehensive income/(loss) Other comprehensive income/(loss), including portion attributable to noncontrolling interests Comprehensive income/(loss) Comprehensive (income)/loss attributable to noncontrolling interests Comprehensive income/(loss) attributable to UDR, Inc. $ $ Year Ended December 31, 2019 $ 199,579 $ 2020 68,970 (3,382) 4,827 1,445 70,415 (4,845) 65,570 (8,437) (2,770) (11,207) 188,372 (13,788) $ 174,584 $ 2018 221,542 4,806 (1,948) 2,858 224,400 (18,680) 205,720 See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements. F - 8 Table of Contents UDR, INC. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY (In thousands, except per share data) Balance at December 31, 2018 46,201 2,755 4,920,732 — — Balance at December 31, 2017 Net income/(loss) attributable to UDR, Inc. Net income/(loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests Contribution of noncontrolling interests in consolidated real estate Repurchase of common shares Long Term Incentive Plan Unit grants/(vestings), net Other comprehensive income/(loss) Exercise of stock options, net Issuance/(forfeiture) of common and restricted shares, net Issuance of common shares through public offering, net Adjustment for conversion of noncontrolling interest of unitholders in the Operating Partnership and DownREIT Partnership Common stock distributions declared ($1.29 per share) Preferred stock distributions declared-Series E ($1.3968 per share) Adjustment to reflect redemption value of redeemable noncontrolling interests Net income/(loss) attributable to UDR, Inc. Net income/(loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests Contribution of noncontrolling interests in consolidated real estate Long Term Incentive Plan Unit grants/(vestings), net Other comprehensive income/(loss) Issuance/(forfeiture) of common and restricted shares, net Issuance of common shares through public offering, net Adjustment for conversion of noncontrolling interest of unitholders in the Operating Partnership and DownREIT Partnership Common stock distributions declared ($1.37 per share) Preferred stock distributions declared-Series E ($1.4832 per share) Adjustment to reflect redemption value of redeemable noncontrolling interests Balance at December 31, 2019 Net income/(loss) attributable to UDR, Inc. Net income/(loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests Redemption of noncontrolling interests in consolidated real estate Long Term Incentive Plan Unit grants/(vestings), net Other comprehensive income/(loss) Issuance/(forfeiture) of common and restricted shares, net Cumulative effect upon adoption of ASC 326 Issuance of common shares through public offering, net Conversion of Series E Cumulative Convertible shares Adjustment for conversion of noncontrolling interest of unitholders in the Operating Partnership and DownREIT Partnership Common stock distributions declared ($1.44 per share) Repurchase of common shares Preferred stock distributions declared-Series E ($1.5592 per share) Adjustment to reflect redemption value of redeemable noncontrolling interests Balance at December 31, 2020 Distributions in Excess of Net Income $ (1,871,603) $ 203,106 — — — — — — — — — — — — — Preferred Common Stock 2,678 Paid-in Capital $ 4,651,205 Stock $ 46,201 $ — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — $ $ 46,201 — — — — — — — — (1,436) — — — — — — (6) — — 8 (1) 72 4 — — — — — — — — 158 33 — — — (19,982) (23,061) (507) 299,753 13,324 — — — — — — — — 2,088 725,157 133,998 — — 2,946 — — — — — 1 — 21 1 3 — (6) — $ 5,781,975 — — — — — 2,886 — 102,213 1,435 12,663 — (19,789) — — (348,079) (3,868) (43,552) (2,063,996) 184,965 — — — — — — — (395,113) (4,104) 64,266 — — — — — (2,182) — — — (425,233) — (4,230) — (183,884) $ (2,462,132) $ Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income/(Loss), Noncontrolling net Interests Total (2,681) $ — — — — — 2,614 — — — — — — — (67) — — — — (10,381) — — — — — — (10,448) $ — — — — 1,304 — — — — — — — — 9,564 $ 2,835,364 203,106 175 108 (19,988) 7,305 2,614 (23,053) (508) 299,825 — 175 108 — 7,305 — — — — — — — 13,328 (348,079) (3,868) — 17,152 — 125 125 13,370 — — — (43,552) 2,922,777 184,965 125 125 13,370 (10,381) 2,088 725,315 — — — 134,031 (395,113) (4,104) — (183,884) 30,772 $ 3,389,314 64,266 99 (125) (6,355) 1,304 2,887 (2,182) 102,234 — — 99 (125) (6,355) — — — — — — — — — 12,666 (425,233) (19,795) (4,230) — $ 44,765 — 2,966 — $ 5,881,383 $ 143,741 $ (2,685,770) $ — (9,144) $ — 143,741 24,391 $ 3,258,591 See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements. F - 9 Table of Contents UDR, INC. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (In thousands, except for share data) Operating Activities Net income/(loss) Adjustments to reconcile net income/(loss) to net cash provided by/(used in) operating activities: Year Ended December 31, 2019 2018 2020 $ 68,970 $ 199,579 $ 221,542 Depreciation and amortization (Gain)/loss on sale of real estate owned (Income)/loss from unconsolidated entities Return on investment in unconsolidated joint ventures Amortization of share-based compensation Loss on extinguishment of debt, net Other Changes in operating assets and liabilities: (Increase)/decrease in operating assets Increase/(decrease) in operating liabilities Net cash provided by/(used in) operating activities Investing Activities Acquisition of real estate assets Proceeds from sales of real estate investments, net Development of real estate assets Capital expenditures and other major improvements — real estate assets Capital expenditures — non-real estate assets Investment in unconsolidated joint ventures Distributions received from unconsolidated joint ventures Purchase deposits on pending acquisitions Repayment/(issuance) of notes receivable, net Net cash provided by/(used in) investing activities Financing Activities Payments on secured debt Proceeds from the issuance of secured debt Payments on unsecured debt Net proceeds from the issuance of unsecured debt Net proceeds/(repayment) of commercial paper Net proceeds/(repayment) of revolving bank debt Proceeds from the issuance of common shares through public offering, net Repurchase of common shares Distributions paid to redeemable noncontrolling interests Distributions paid to preferred stockholders Distributions paid to common stockholders Payment of prepayment and extinguishment costs Other Net cash provided by/(used in) financing activities Net increase/(decrease) in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash, beginning of year Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash, end of year Supplemental Information: Interest paid during the period, net of amounts capitalized, and cash paid for operating leases Cash paid/(refunds received) for income taxes Non-cash transactions: Transfer of investment in and advances to unconsolidated joint ventures to real estate owned Transfer of investment in and advances to unconsolidated joint ventures to joint venture member Secured debt assumed in the consolidation of unconsolidated joint ventures Acquisition of intellectual property in exchange for cancellation of secured note receivable Recognition of allowance for credit losses Recognition of operating lease right-of-use assets Recognition of operating lease liabilities Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for operating lease liabilities remeasurement Vesting of LTIP Units Development costs and capital expenditures incurred, but not yet paid F - 10 618,629 (119,277) (18,844) 20,664 19,616 49,190 12,193 (44,670) (2,155) 604,316 (407,829) 277,886 (121,240) (163,105) (11,008) (76,073) 49,342 (1,530) (7,285) (460,842) (425,839) 160,930 (300,000) 959,419 (110,000) 11,441 102,234 (19,795) (32,038) (4,217) (419,350) (62,645) (12,734) (152,594) (9,120) 33,291 24,171 172,326 1,029 14,700 $ $ $ — — 2,250 2,182 — — — 23,501 31,387 507,923 (5,282) (137,873) 5,179 24,330 29,594 10,364 (10,956) 7,846 630,704 (1,370,770) 38,000 (25,401) (167,188) (17,159) (93,059) 72,441 (12,160) (111,391) (1,686,687) (162,253) 162,500 (700,000) 1,099,816 198,885 16,567 725,315 — (31,580) (4,063) (383,079) (27,782) (13,943) 880,383 (175,600) 208,891 33,291 169,558 1,519 288,108 60,625 551,800 — — 94,349 88,336 111,055 14,742 16,635 $ $ $ 435,679 (136,197) 5,055 4,248 14,244 3,299 1,699 (13,880) 24,987 560,676 — 247,031 (150,238) (112,359) (4,850) (112,025) 42,683 (1,000) (22,790) (113,548) (279,243) 80,000 — 299,994 (198,885) (21,751) 299,825 (19,988) (32,457) (3,836) (342,241) (3,178) (38,307) (260,067) 187,061 21,830 208,891 132,466 625 — — — — — — 4,397 10,304 $ $ $ UDR, INC. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS – (Continued) (In thousands, except for share data) Conversion of Operating Partnership and DownREIT Partnership noncontrolling interests to common stock (303,146 shares in 2020; 3,165,780 shares in 2019; and 348,057 shares in 2018) Dividends declared, but not yet paid The following reconciles cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash to amounts as shown above: Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash, beginning of year: Cash and cash equivalents Restricted cash Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash as shown above Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash, end of year: Cash and cash equivalents Restricted cash Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash as shown above Year Ended December 31, 2019 2018 2020 12,666 115,795 134,031 109,382 13,328 97,666 $ $ $ $ 8,106 25,185 33,291 1,409 22,762 24,171 $ $ $ $ 185,216 23,675 208,891 8,106 25,185 33,291 $ $ $ $ 2,038 19,792 21,830 185,216 23,675 208,891 See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements. F - 11 Table of Contents UDR, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS DECEMBER 31, 2020 1. CONSOLIDATION AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION Organization and Formation UDR, Inc. (“UDR,” the “Company,” “we,” or “our”) is a self-administered real estate investment trust, or REIT, that owns, operates, acquires, renovates, develops, redevelops, and manages apartment communities generally in high barrier-to-entry markets located in the United States. The high barrier-to-entry markets are characterized by limited land for new construction, difficult and lengthy entitlement process, expensive single-family home prices and significant employment growth potential. At December 31, 2020, our consolidated apartment portfolio consisted of 149 consolidated communities located in 21 markets consisting of 48,283 apartment homes. In addition, the Company has an ownership interest in 5,295 completed or to-be- completed apartment homes through unconsolidated joint ventures or partnerships, including 2,165 apartment homes owned by entities in which we hold preferred equity investments. Basis of Presentation The accompanying consolidated financial statements of UDR include its wholly-owned and/or controlled subsidiaries (see Note 4, Variable Interest Entities, for further discussion). All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Certain previously reported amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current financial statement presentation. The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of UDR and its subsidiaries, including United Dominion Realty, L.P. (the “Operating Partnership” or the “OP”) and UDR Lighthouse DownREIT L.P. (the “DownREIT Partnership”). As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, there were 184.8 million and 184.1 million units, respectively, in the Operating Partnership (“OP Units”) outstanding, of which 176.2 million, or 95.3% and 176.2 million, or 95.7%, respectively, were owned by UDR and 8.6 million, or 4.7% and 7.9 million, or 4.3%, respectively, were owned by outside limited partners. As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, there were 32.4 million units in the DownREIT Partnership (“DownREIT Units”) outstanding, of which 18.7 million, or 57.8% and 18.4 million, or 56.8%, respectively, were owned by UDR (including 13.5 million DownREIT Units, or 41.6% and 13.5 million, or 41.6%, that were held by the Operating Partnership as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively) and 13.7 million, or 42.2% and 14.0 million, or 43.2%, respectively, were owned by outside limited partners. The consolidated financial statements of UDR include the noncontrolling interests of the unitholders in the Operating Partnership and DownREIT Partnership. The Company evaluated subsequent events through the date its financial statements were issued. No significant recognized or non-recognized subsequent events were noted other than those in Note 2, Significant Accounting Policies, Note 3, Real Estate Owned, Note 5, Joint Ventures and Partnerships and Note 7, Secured and Unsecured Debt, net. 2. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES Recent Accounting Pronouncements In August 2020, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2020-06, Debt—Debt With Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging—Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40): Accounting for Convertible Instruments and Contracts in an Entity’s Own Equity. The ASU simplifies the accounting for certain financial instruments with characteristics of liabilities and equity, including convertible instruments and contracts on an entity’s own equity. The updated standard will be effective for the Company on January 1, 2022; however, early adoption of the ASU is permitted on January 1, 2021. The Company is currently evaluating the effect that the updated standard will have on the consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. In April 2020, the FASB issued a Staff Q&A on accounting for leases during the COVID-19 pandemic, focused on the application of lease guidance in ASC 842, Leases. The Q&A states that some lease contracts may contain explicit or implicit enforceable rights and obligations that require lease concessions if certain circumstances arise that are beyond the control of the parties to the contract. Therefore, entities would need to perform a lease-by-lease analysis to determine F - 12 Table of Contents UDR, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued) DECEMBER 31, 2020 whether contractual provisions in an existing lease agreement provide enforceable rights and obligations related to lease concessions. The FASB determined it would be acceptable for entities to not perform a lease-by-lease analysis regarding rent concessions resulting from COVID-19, and to instead make a policy election regarding rent concessions, which would give entities the option to account or not to account for these rent concessions as lease modifications if the total payments required by the modified contract are substantially the same or less than the total payments required by the original contract. Entities making the election to account for these rent concessions as lease modifications would recognize the effects of rent abatements and rent deferrals on a prospective straight-line basis over the remainder of the modified contract. We have made the election to not perform a lease-by-lease analysis to determine whether contractual provisions in an existing lease agreement provide enforceable rights and obligations related to lease concessions. By electing the FASB relief, we have also made an accounting policy election to account for rent abatements and rent deferrals given to lessees due to the COVID-19 pandemic as lease modifications. The lease concessions given to lessees due to the COVID-19 pandemic did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements. In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848). ASU 2020-04 contains practical expedients for reference rate reform related activities that impact debt, leases, derivatives and other contracts. The guidance in ASU 2020-04 is optional and may be elected over time as reference rate reform activities occur. During the first quarter of 2020, the Company elected to apply the hedge accounting expedients related to probability and the assessments of effectiveness for future LIBOR-indexed cash flows to assume that the index upon which future hedged transactions will be based matches the index on the corresponding derivatives. Application of these expedients preserves the presentation of derivatives consistent with past presentation. The Company continues to evaluate the impact of the guidance and may apply other elections as applicable as additional changes in the market occur. The ASU has not had a material impact on the consolidated financial statements and the Company does not expect the ASU to have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements on a prospective basis. In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326), Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. The standard required entities to estimate a lifetime expected credit loss for most financial assets, including trade and other receivables, held-to-maturity debt securities, loans and other financial instruments, and to present the net amount of the financial instrument expected to be collected. In November 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018- 19, Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses, which amended the transition requirements and scope of ASU 2016-13 and clarified that receivables arising from operating leases are not within the scope of the credit losses standard, but rather, should be accounted for in accordance with the leases standard. The updated standard became effective for the Company on January 1, 2020 and was adopted on a modified retrospective basis through a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings of approximately $2.2 million on that date, which was primarily associated with our notes receivable. The Company concluded the cumulative effect was not material to our consolidated financial statements. Disclosures were updated pursuant to the requirements of the ASU. Real Estate Real estate assets held for investment are carried at historical cost and consist of land, land improvements, buildings and improvements, furniture, fixtures and equipment and other costs incurred during their development, acquisition and redevelopment. Expenditures for ordinary repair and maintenance costs are charged to expense as incurred. Expenditures for improvements, renovations, and replacements related to the acquisition and/or improvement of real estate assets are capitalized and depreciated over their estimated useful lives if the expenditures qualify as a betterment or the life of the related asset will be substantially extended beyond the original life expectancy. UDR purchases real estate investment properties and records the tangible and identifiable intangible assets and liabilities acquired based on their estimated fair value. The primary, although not only, identifiable intangible asset associated with our portfolio is the value of existing lease agreements. When recording the acquisition of a community, F - 13 Table of Contents UDR, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued) DECEMBER 31, 2020 we first assign fair value to the estimated intangible value of the existing lease agreements and then to the estimated value of the land, building and fixtures assuming the community is vacant. The Company estimates the intangible value of the lease agreements by determining the lost revenue associated with a hypothetical lease-up. Depreciation on the building is based on the expected useful life of the asset and the in-place leases are amortized over their remaining average contractual life. Property acquisition costs are capitalized as incurred if the acquisition does not meet the definition of a business. Quarterly or when changes in circumstances warrant, UDR will assess our real estate properties for indicators of impairment. The judgments regarding the existence of impairment indicators are based on certain factors. Such factors include, among other things, operational performance, market conditions, the Company’s intent and ability to hold the related asset, as well as any significant cost overruns on development properties. If a real estate property has indicators of impairment, we assess whether the long-lived asset’s carrying value exceeds the community’s undiscounted future cash flows, which is representative of projected net operating income (“NOI”) plus the residual value of the community. Our future cash flow estimates are based upon historical results adjusted to reflect our best estimate of future market and operating conditions and our estimated holding periods. If such indicators of impairment are present and the carrying value exceeds the undiscounted cash flows of the community, an impairment loss is recognized equal to the excess of the carrying amount of the asset over its estimated fair value. Our estimates of fair value represent our best estimate based primarily upon unobservable inputs related to rental rates, operating costs, growth rates, discount rates, capitalization rates, industry trends and reference to market rates and transactions. For long-lived assets to be disposed of, impairment losses are recognized when the fair value of the asset less estimated cost to sell is less than the carrying value of the asset. Properties classified as real estate held for disposition generally represent properties that are actively marketed or contracted for sale with the closing expected to occur within the next twelve months. Real estate held for disposition is carried at the lower of cost, net of accumulated depreciation, or fair value, less the cost to sell, determined on an asset-by-asset basis. Expenditures for ordinary repair and maintenance costs on held for disposition properties are charged to expense as incurred. Expenditures for improvements, renovations, and replacements related to held for disposition properties are capitalized at cost. Depreciation is not recorded on real estate held for disposition. For the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, we did not record any impairments on our real estate properties. Depreciation is computed on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the related assets which are 30 to 55 years for buildings, 10 to 35 years for major improvements, and 3 to 10 years for furniture, fixtures, equipment, and other assets. Predevelopment, development, and redevelopment projects and related costs are capitalized and reported on the Consolidated Balance Sheets as Total real estate owned, net of accumulated depreciation. The Company capitalizes costs directly related to the predevelopment, development, and redevelopment of a capital project, which include, but are not limited to, interest, real estate taxes, insurance, and allocated development and redevelopment overhead related to support costs for personnel working on the capital projects. We use our professional judgment in determining whether such costs meet the criteria for capitalization or must be expensed as incurred. These costs are capitalized only during the period in which activities necessary to ready an asset for its intended use are in progress and such costs are incremental and identifiable to a specific activity to get the asset ready for its intended use. These costs, excluding the direct costs of development and redevelopment and capitalized interest, for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019, and 2018 were $12.0 million, $8.4 million and $7.5 million, respectively. During the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019, and 2018, total interest capitalized was $7.0 million, $5.1 million and $10.6 million, respectively. As each home in a capital project is completed and becomes available for lease-up, the Company ceases capitalization on the related portion and depreciation commences over the estimated useful life. Cash and Cash Equivalents Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash on hand, demand deposits with financial institutions and short-term, highly liquid investments. We consider all highly liquid investments with maturities of three months or less when F - 14 Table of Contents UDR, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued) DECEMBER 31, 2020 purchased to be cash equivalents. The majority of the Company’s cash and cash equivalents are held at major commercial banks. Restricted Cash Restricted cash primarily consists of escrow deposits held by lenders for real estate taxes, insurance and replacement reserves, and security deposits. Real Estate Sales Gain Recognition For sale transactions resulting in a transfer of a controlling financial interest of a property, the Company generally derecognizes the related assets and liabilities from its Consolidated Balance Sheets and records the gain or loss in the period in which the transfer of control occurs. If control of the property has not transferred to the counterparty, the criteria for derecognition are not met and the Company will continue to recognize the related assets and liabilities on its Consolidated Balance Sheets. Sale transactions to entities in which the Company sells a controlling financial interest in a property but retains a noncontrolling interest are accounted for as partial sales. Partial sales resulting in a change in control are accounted for at fair value and a full gain or loss is recognized. Therefore, the Company will record a gain or loss on the partial interest sold, and the initial measurement of our retained interest will be accounted for at fair value. Sales of real estate to joint ventures or other noncontrolled investees are also accounted for at fair value and the Company will record a full gain or loss in the period the property is contributed. To the extent that the Company acquires a controlling financial interest in a property that it previously accounted for as an equity method investment, the Company will not remeasure its previously held interest if the acquisition is treated as an asset acquisition. The Company will include the carrying amount of its previously held equity method interest along with the consideration paid and transaction costs incurred in determining the amounts to allocate to the related assets and liabilities acquired on its Consolidated Balance Sheets. When treated as an asset acquisition, the Company will not recognize a gain or loss on consolidation of a property. Allowance for Credit Losses The Company accounts for allowance for credit losses under the current expected credit loss (“CECL”) impairment model for its financial assets, including trade and other receivables, held-to-maturity debt securities, loans and other financial instruments, and presents the net amount of the financial instrument expected to be collected. The CECL impairment model excludes operating lease receivables. The CECL impairment model requires an estimate of expected credit losses, measured over the contractual life of an instrument, that considers forecasts of future economic conditions in addition to information about past events and current conditions. Based on this model, we analyze the following criteria, as applicable in developing allowances for credit losses: historical loss information, the borrower’s ability to make scheduled payments, the remaining time to maturity, the value of underlying collateral, projected future performance of the borrower and macroeconomic trends. The Company measures credit losses of financial assets on a collective (pool) basis when similar risk characteristics exist. If the Company determines that a financial asset does not share risk characteristics with its other financial assets, the Company evaluates the financial asset for expected credit losses on an individual basis. Allowance for credit losses are recorded as a direct reduction from an asset’s amortized cost basis. Credit losses and recoveries are recorded in Interest income and other income/(expense), net on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Recoveries of financial assets previously written off are recorded when received. For the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company recorded $0.7 million of credit losses on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. The Company has made the optional election provided by the standard not to measure allowance for credit losses for accrued interest receivables as the Company writes off any uncollectible accrued interest receivables in a timely manner. The Company periodically evaluates the collectability of its accrued interest receivables. A write-off is F - 15 Table of Contents UDR, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued) DECEMBER 31, 2020 recorded when the Company concludes that all or a portion of its accrued interest receivable balance is no longer collectible. Notes Receivable Notes receivable relate to financing arrangements which are typically secured by real estate, real estate related projects or other assets. Certain of the loans we extend may include characteristics such as options to purchase the project within a specific time window following expected project completion. These characteristics can cause the loans to fall under the definition of a variable interest entity (“VIE”), and thus trigger consolidation consideration. We consider the facts and circumstances pertinent to each loan, including the relative amount of financing we are contributing to the overall project cost, decision making rights or control we hold, and our rights to expected residual gains or our obligations to absorb expected residual losses from the project. If we are deemed to be the primary beneficiary of a VIE due to holding a controlling financial interest, the majority of decision making control, or by other means, consolidation of the VIE would be required. The Company has concluded that it is not the primary beneficiary of the borrowing entities. Additionally, we analyze each loan arrangement that involves real estate development to consider whether the loan qualifies for accounting as a loan or as an investment in a real estate development project. The Company has evaluated its real estate loans, where appropriate, for accounting treatment as loans versus real estate development projects, as required by ASC 310-10. For each loan, the Company has concluded that the characteristics and the facts and circumstances indicate that loan accounting treatment is appropriate. The following table summarizes our Notes receivable, net as of December 31, 2020 and 2019 (dollars in thousands): Note due October 2020 (a) Note due February 2021 (b) Note due May 2022 (c) Note due October 2022 (d) Note due January 2023 (e) Notes Receivable Allowance for credit losses Total notes receivable, net Interest rate at Balance Outstanding December 31, December 31, December 31, 2020 2020 8.00 % $ N/A 8.00 % 4.75 % 10.00 % $ — $ 4,000 20,000 115,000 19,685 158,685 (693) 157,992 $ 2019 2,250 — 20,000 115,000 16,400 153,650 — 153,650 (a) (b) In March 2020, the Company entered into a purchase agreement to acquire all of the unaffiliated third party’s intellectual property in exchange for cancellation of the secured note and accrued interest. All property acquired was recorded in Other assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. In May 2020, the Company entered into a promissory note with an unaffiliated third party with an aggregate commitment of $4.0 million, in connection with the sale of an operating community. No interest is due on the promissory note and the note matures in February 2021. In January 2021, the unaffiliated third party repaid the $4.0 million promissory note. (c) The Company has a secured note with an unaffiliated third party with an aggregate commitment of $20.0 million, all of which has been funded. The note is secured by a parcel of land and related land improvements. In September 2020, the developer defaulted on the loan. As a result of the default, the Company expects to take title to the property pursuant to a deed in lieu of foreclosure. At that time, the Company will reclassify the related balance as Real estate owned on the Consolidated Balance Sheet and anticipates recording a minor gain on extinguishment of the secured note based upon the property’s fair market value on the date of the title transfer. F - 16 Table of Contents UDR, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued) DECEMBER 31, 2020 (d) The Company has a secured note with an unaffiliated third party with an aggregate commitment of $115.0 million, all of which has been funded. Interest payments are due when the loan matures. The note is secured by a first priority deed of trust on a 259 apartment home operating community in Bellevue, Washington, which was completed in 2020. When the note was funded, the Company also entered into a purchase option agreement and paid a deposit of $10.0 million, which gave the Company the option to acquire the community at a fixed price of $170.0 million. In August 2020, the Company exercised the purchase option. The purchase is expected to close in 2021. The deposit is generally nonrefundable other than due to a failure of closing conditions pursuant to the terms of the agreement. If the Company fails to close the purchase other than due to seller’s failure or other breaches in the purchase option agreement, per the terms of the agreement, the note will be modified to extend the maturity date to 10 years following the date the temporary certificate of occupancy was issued, which was July 2020. Upon modification, the loan would be interest only for the first three years and after such date payments will be based on a 30-year amortization schedule. (e) The Company has a secured note with an unaffiliated third party with an aggregate commitment of $20.0 million, of which $19.7 million has been funded, including $3.3 million funded during the year ended December 31, 2020. Interest payments are due monthly. The note matures at the earliest of the following: (a) the closing of any private or public capital raising in the amount of $5.0 million or greater; (b) an acquisition; (c) acceleration in the event of default; or (d) January 2023. During 2020, the terms of this secured note were amended to increase the aggregate commitment from $16.4 million to $20.0 million, to extend the maturity date of the note to January 2023 and to provide that the April 2020 through July 2020 interest payments are deferred and paid when the note matures. In January 2021, the terms of this secured note were amended to increase the aggregate commitment from $20.0 million to $22.0 million. Interest payments are due monthly and the maturity date of the note remains in January 2023. The Company recognized $9.1 million, $5.5 million, and $4.1 million of interest income and zero, $8.5 million, and zero of promoted interest from notes receivable during the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019, and 2018, respectively, none of which was related party interest. Interest income and promoted interest are included in Interest income and other income/(expense), net on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Investment in Joint Ventures and Partnerships We use the equity method to account for investments in joint ventures and partnerships that qualify as VIEs where we are not the primary beneficiary and other entities that we do not control or where we do not own a majority of the economic interest but have the ability to exercise significant influence over the operating and financial policies of the investee. Throughout these financial statements we use the term “joint venture” or “partnership” when referring to investments in entities in which we do not have a 100% ownership interest. The Company also uses the equity method when we function as the managing partner and our venture partner has substantive participating rights or where we can be replaced by our venture partner as managing partner without cause. For a joint venture or partnership accounted for under the equity method, our share of net earnings or losses is reflected as income/loss when earned/incurred and distributions are credited against our investment in the joint venture or partnership as received. In determining whether a joint venture or partnership is a VIE, the Company considers: the form of our ownership interest and legal structure; the size of our investment; the financing structure of the entity, including necessity of subordinated debt; estimates of future cash flows; ours and our partner’s ability to participate in the decision making related to acquisitions, disposition, budgeting and financing of the entity; obligation to absorb losses and preferential returns; nature of our partner’s primary operations; and the degree, if any, of disproportionality between the economic and voting interests of the entity. As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company did not determine any of our joint ventures or partnerships to be VIEs. We evaluate our investments in unconsolidated joint ventures for events or changes in circumstances that indicate there may be an other-than-temporary decline in value. We consider various factors to determine if a decrease in the value of the investment is other-than-temporary. These factors include, but are not limited to, age of the venture, our intent and ability to retain our investment in the entity, the financial condition and long-term prospects of the entity, the F - 17 Table of Contents UDR, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued) DECEMBER 31, 2020 fair value of the property of the joint venture, and the relationships with the other joint venture partners and its lenders. The amount of loss recognized is the excess of the investment’s carrying amount over its estimated fair value. If we believe that the decline in fair value is temporary, no impairment is recorded. The aforementioned factors are taken into consideration as a whole by management in determining the valuation of our equity method investments. Should the actual results differ from management’s judgment, the valuation could be negatively affected and may result in a negative impact to our Consolidated Financial Statements. Derivative Financial Instruments The Company utilizes derivative financial instruments to manage interest rate risk and generally designates these financial instruments as cash flow hedges. Derivative financial instruments are recorded on our Consolidated Balance Sheets as either an asset or liability and measured quarterly at their fair value. The changes in fair value for cash flow hedges that are deemed effective are reflected in other comprehensive income/(loss) and for non-designated derivative financial instruments in earnings. The ineffective component of cash flow hedges, if any, is recorded in earnings. Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests in the Operating Partnership and DownREIT Partnership Interests in the Operating Partnership and the DownREIT Partnership held by limited partners are represented by OP Units and DownREIT Units, respectively. The income is allocated to holders of OP Units/DownREIT Units based upon net income available to common stockholders and the weighted average number of OP Units/DownREIT Units outstanding to total common shares plus OP Units/DownREIT Units outstanding during the period. Capital contributions, distributions, and profits and losses are allocated to noncontrolling interests in accordance with the terms of the partnership agreements of the Operating Partnership and the DownREIT Partnership. Limited partners of the Operating Partnership and the DownREIT Partnership have the right to require such partnership to redeem all or a portion of the OP Units/DownREIT Units held by the limited partner at a redemption price equal to and in the form of the Cash Amount (as defined in the partnership agreement of the Operating Partnership or the DownREIT Partnership, as applicable), provided that such OP Units/DownREIT Units have been outstanding for at least one year, subject to certain exceptions. UDR, as the general partner of the Operating Partnership and the DownREIT Partnership may, in its sole discretion, purchase the OP Units/DownREIT Units by paying to the limited partner either the Cash Amount or the REIT Share Amount (generally one share of Common Stock of the Company for each OP Unit/DownREIT Unit), as defined in the partnership agreement of the Operating Partnership or the DownREIT Partnership, as applicable. Accordingly, the Company records the OP Units/DownREIT Units outside of permanent equity and reports the OP Units/DownREIT Units at their redemption value using the Company’s stock price at each balance sheet date. Income Taxes Due to the structure of the Company as a REIT and the nature of the operations for the operating properties, no provision for federal income taxes has been provided for at UDR. Historically, the Company has generally incurred only state and local excise and franchise taxes. UDR has elected for certain consolidated subsidiaries to be treated as taxable REIT subsidiaries (“TRS”). Income taxes for our TRS are accounted for under the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax basis. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities from a change in tax rate is recognized in earnings in the period of the enactment date. The Company’s deferred tax assets/(liabilities) are generally the result of differing depreciable lives on capitalized assets, temporary differences between book and tax basis of assets and liabilities and timing of expense recognition for certain accrued liabilities. As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, UDR’s net deferred tax asset/(liability) was $(3.2) million and $(1.6) million, respectively, and are recorded in Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. F - 18 Table of Contents UDR, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued) DECEMBER 31, 2020 GAAP defines a recognition threshold and measurement attribute for the financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. GAAP also provides guidance on derecognition, classification, interest and penalties, accounting for interim periods, disclosure and transition. The Company recognizes its tax positions and evaluates them using a two-step process. First, UDR determines whether a tax position is more likely than not (greater than 50 percent probability) to be sustained upon examination, including resolution of any related appeals or litigation processes, based on the technical merits of the position. Second, the Company will determine the amount of benefit to recognize and record the amount that is more likely than not to be realized upon ultimate settlement. The Company invests in assets that qualify for federal investment tax credits (“ITC”) through our TRS. An ITC reduces federal income taxes payable when qualifying depreciable property is acquired. The ITC is determined as a percentage of cost of the assets. The Company accounts for ITCs under the deferral method, under which the tax benefit from the ITC is deferred and amortized as a tax benefit into Tax (provision)/benefit, net on the Consolidated Statements of Operations over the book life of the qualifying depreciable property. The ITCs are recorded in Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. UDR had no material unrecognized tax benefit, accrued interest or penalties at December 31, 2020. UDR and its subsidiaries are subject to federal income tax as well as income tax of various state and local jurisdictions. The tax years 2017 through 2019 remain open to examination by tax jurisdictions to which we are subject. When applicable, UDR recognizes interest and/or penalties related to uncertain tax positions in Tax (provision)/benefit, net on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Principles of Consolidation The Company accounts for subsidiary partnerships, joint ventures and other similar entities in which it holds an ownership interest in accordance with the consolidation guidance. The Company first evaluates whether each entity is a VIE. Under the VIE model, the Company consolidates an entity when it has control to direct the activities of the VIE and the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits that could potentially be significant to the VIE. Under the voting model, the Company consolidates an entity when it controls the entity through ownership of a majority voting interest. Discontinued Operations In accordance with GAAP, a discontinued operation represents (1) a component of an entity or group of components that has been disposed of or is classified as held for sale in a single transaction and represents a strategic shift that has or will have a major effect on an entity’s financial results, or (2) an acquired business that is classified as held for sale on the date of acquisition. A strategic shift could include a disposal of (1) a separate major line of business, (2) a separate major geographic area of operations, (3) a major equity method investment, or (4) other major parts of an entity. We record sales of real estate that do not meet the definition of a discontinued operation in Gain/(loss) on sale of real estate owned on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Stock-Based Employee Compensation Plans The Company measures the cost of employee services received in exchange for an award of an equity instrument based on the award’s fair value on the grant date and recognizes the cost as stock-based compensation expense over the period during which the employee is required to provide service in exchange for the award, which is generally the vesting period. For performance based awards, the Company remeasures the fair value based on the estimated achievement of the performance criteria each balance sheet date with adjustments made on a cumulative basis until the award is settled and the final compensation is known. Stock-based compensation expense is only recognized for performance based awards that we expect to vest, which we estimate based upon an assessment of the probability that the performance criteria will be achieved. Stock-based compensation expense associated with awards is updated for actual forfeitures. The fair value for market based awards issued by the Company is calculated utilizing a Monte Carlo simulation and the fair value for stock options issued by the Company is calculated utilizing the Black-Scholes-Merton formula. For further discussion, see Note 10, Employee Benefit Plans. F - 19 Table of Contents Advertising Costs UDR, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued) DECEMBER 31, 2020 All advertising costs are expensed as incurred and reported on the Consolidated Statements of Operations within the line item Property operating and maintenance. During the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019, and 2018, total advertising expense was $7.9 million, $6.5 million, and $6.7 million, respectively. Cost of Raising Capital Costs incurred in connection with the issuance of equity securities are deducted from stockholders’ equity. Costs incurred in connection with the issuance or renewal of debt are recorded based on the terms of the debt issuance or renewal. Accordingly, if the terms of the renewed or modified debt instrument are deemed to be substantially different (i.e. a 10 percent or greater difference in the cash flows between instruments), all unamortized financing costs associated with the extinguished debt are charged to earnings in the current period and certain costs of new debt issuances are capitalized and amortized over the term of the debt. When the cash flows are not substantially different, the lender costs associated with the renewal or modification are capitalized and amortized into interest expense over the remaining term of the related debt instrument and other related costs are expensed. The balance of any unamortized financing costs associated with retired debt is expensed upon retirement. Deferred financing costs for new debt instruments include fees and costs incurred by the Company to obtain financing. Deferred financing costs are generally amortized on a straight-line basis, which approximates the effective interest method, over a period not to exceed the term of the related debt. Comprehensive Income/(Loss) Comprehensive income/(loss), which is defined as the change in equity during each period from transactions and other events and circumstances from nonowner sources, including all changes in equity during a period except for those resulting from investments by or distributions to stockholders, is displayed in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income/(Loss). For the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019, and 2018, the Company’s other comprehensive income/(loss) consisted of the gain/(loss) (effective portion) on derivative instruments that are designated as and qualify as cash flow hedges, (gain)/loss on derivative instruments reclassified from other comprehensive income/(loss) into earnings, and the allocation of other comprehensive income/(loss) to noncontrolling interests. The (gain)/loss on derivative instruments reclassified from other comprehensive income/(loss) is included in Interest expense on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. See Note 14, Derivatives and Hedging Activity, for further discussion. The allocation of other comprehensive income/(loss) to redeemable noncontrolling interests during the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019, and 2018 was $0.1 million, $(0.8) million, and $0.2 million, respectively. Forward Sales Agreements The Company utilizes forward sales agreements for the future issuance of its common stock. When the Company enters into a forward sales agreement, the contract requires the Company to sell its shares to a counterparty at a predetermined price at a future date. The net sales price and proceeds attained by the Company will be determined on the dates of settlement, with adjustments during the term of the contract for the Company’s anticipated dividends as well as for a daily interest factor that varies with changes in the federal funds rate. The Company generally has the ability to determine the dates and method of settlement (i.e., gross physical settlement, net share settlement or cash settlement), subject to certain conditions and the right of the counterparty to accelerate settlement under certain circumstances. The Company accounts for the shares of common stock reserved for issuance upon settlement as equity in accordance with ASC 815-40, Contracts in Entity's Own Equity, which permits equity classification when a contract is considered indexed to its own stock and the contract requires or permits the issuing entity to settle the contract in shares (either physically or net in shares). The guidance establishes a two-step process for evaluating whether an equity-linked financial instrument is considered indexed to its own stock, first, evaluating the instrument’s contingent exercise provisions and second, evaluating the instrument’s settlement provisions. When entering into forward sales agreements, we determined that (i) none of the agreement’s exercise contingencies are based on observable markets or indices besides those related to the market for our own stock price; and (ii) none of the settlement provisions preclude the agreements from being indexed to our own stock. F - 20 Table of Contents UDR, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued) DECEMBER 31, 2020 Before the issuance of shares of common stock, upon physical or net share settlement of the forward sales agreements, the Company expects that the shares issuable upon settlement of the forward sales agreements will be reflected in its diluted income/(loss) per share calculations using the treasury stock method. Under this method, the number of shares of common stock used in calculating diluted income/(loss) per share is deemed to be increased by the excess, if any, of the number of shares of common stock that would be issued upon full physical settlement of the forward sales agreements over the number of shares of common stock that could be purchased by the Company in the open market (based on the average market price during the period) using the proceeds receivable upon full physical settlement (based on the adjusted forward sale price at the end of the reporting period). When the Company physically or net share settles any forward sales agreement, the delivery of shares of common stock would result in an increase in the number of weighted average common shares outstanding and dilution to basic income/(loss) per share. (See Note 8, Income/(Loss) per Share for further discussion.) Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic The Company continues to closely monitor the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on all aspects of its business. The extent of the pandemic’s effect on our operational and financial performance will depend on future developments, including the duration, spread and intensity of the pandemic and the duration of government measures to mitigate the pandemic, all of which continue to be uncertain and difficult to predict. Given the uncertainty, we cannot predict the effect on future periods, but the adverse impact that could occur on the Company’s future financial condition, results of operations and cash flows could be material, including, but not limited to, as a result of extended eviction moratoriums, additional rent deferrals, payment plans, lease concessions, waiving late payment fees, charges from potential adjustments to the carrying amount of receivables, and asset impairment charges. During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company performed an analysis in accordance with the ASC 842, Leases, guidance to assess the collectibility of its operating lease receivables in light of the COVID-19 pandemic. This analysis included an assessment of collectibility of current and future rents and whether those lease payments were no longer probable of collection. In accordance with the leases guidance, if lease payments are no longer deemed to be probable over the life of the lease contract, we recognize revenue only when cash is received, and all existing contractual operating lease receivables and straight-line lease receivables are reserved. As a result of its analysis, the Company reserved approximately $13.5 million of multifamily tenant lease receivables and approximately $6.0 million of retail tenant lease receivables (inclusive of $3.3 million of reserves on straight-line lease receivables) for its wholly-owned communities and communities held by joint ventures. In aggregate, the reserve is reflected as a $18.4 million reduction to Rental income and a $1.1 million reduction to Income/(loss) from unconsolidated entities on the Consolidated Statements of Operations for the year ended December 31, 2020. The impact to deferred leasing commissions was not material for the year ended December 31, 2020. During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company recorded an impairment charge of $3.1 million on its investment in equity securities of a non-core investment. The Company did not recognize any other adjustments to the carrying amounts of assets or asset impairment charges due to the COVID-19 pandemic for the year ended December 31, 2020. Use of Estimates The preparation of these financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent liabilities at the dates of the financial statements and the amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Actual amounts realized or paid could differ from those estimates. Market Concentration Risk The Company is subject to increased exposure from economic and other competitive factors specific to markets where the Company holds a significant percentage of the carrying value of its real estate portfolio. At F - 21 Table of Contents UDR, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued) DECEMBER 31, 2020 December 31, 2020, the Company held greater than 10% of the carrying value of its real estate portfolio in each of the Orange County, California; Metropolitan D.C., New York, New York and Boston, Massachusetts markets. 3. REAL ESTATE OWNED Real estate assets owned by the Company consist of income producing operating properties, properties under development, land held for future development, and held for disposition properties. As of December 31, 2020, the Company owned and consolidated 149 communities in 13 states plus the District of Columbia totaling 48,283 apartment homes. The following table summarizes the carrying amounts for our real estate owned (at cost) as of December 31, 2020 and 2019 (dollars in thousands): Land Depreciable property — held and used: Land improvements Building, improvements, and furniture, fixtures and equipment Real estate intangible assets Under development: Land and land improvements Building, improvements, and furniture, fixtures and equipment Real estate held for disposition: Land and land improvements Building, improvements, and furniture, fixtures and equipment Real estate owned Accumulated depreciation (a) Real estate owned, net December 31, December 31, 2020 2,139,765 $ $ 2019 2,164,032 233,823 10,292,782 40,570 73,702 174,175 224,964 10,102,758 40,570 29,226 40,551 15,184 101,471 13,071,472 (4,605,366) 8,466,106 $ — — 12,602,101 (4,131,353) 8,470,748 $ (a) Accumulated depreciation is inclusive of $5.8 million of accumulated amortization related to real estate intangible assets. Acquisitions In January 2020, the Company acquired a 294 apartment home operating community located in Tampa, Florida for approximately $85.2 million. The Company increased its real estate assets owned by approximately $83.1 million and recorded approximately $2.1 million of in-place lease intangibles. In January 2020, the Company increased its ownership interest from 49% to 100% in a 276 apartment home operating community located in Hillsboro, Oregon, for a cash purchase price of approximately $21.6 million. In connection with the acquisition, the Company repaid approximately $35.6 million of joint venture construction financing. As a result, the Company consolidated the operating community. The Company had previously accounted for its 49% ownership interest as a preferred equity investment in an unconsolidated joint venture (see Note 5, Joint Ventures and Partnerships). The Company accounted for the consolidation as an asset acquisition resulting in no gain or loss upon consolidation and increased its real estate assets owned by approximately $67.8 million and recorded approximately $1.7 million of in-place lease intangibles. In August 2020, the Company acquired a to-be-developed parcel of land located in King of Prussia, Pennsylvania for approximately $16.2 million. In November 2020, the Company acquired a 672 apartment home operating community located in Tampa, Florida for approximately $122.5 million. The Company increased its real estate assets owned by approximately $119.4 million and recorded approximately $3.1 million of in-place lease intangibles. In December 2020, the Company acquired a 400 apartment home operating community located in Herndon, Virginia for approximately $128.6 million. The Company increased its real estate assets owned by approximately $125.9 million and recorded approximately $2.7 million of in-place lease intangibles. F - 22 Table of Contents UDR, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued) DECEMBER 31, 2020 In January 2021, the Company acquired a 300 apartment home operating community located in Franklin, Massachusetts for approximately $77.4 million. In connection with the acquisition, the Company assumed a 4.39% fixed rate mortgage note payable secured by the community with an outstanding balance of approximately $51.8 million. The note is interest only until February 2024 and after such date payments will be based on a 30-year amortization schedule until its maturity in January 2029. In January 2019, the Company increased its ownership interest from 49% to 100% in a 386 apartment home operating community located in Anaheim, California, for a cash purchase price of approximately $33.5 million. In connection with the acquisition, the Company repaid approximately $59.8 million of joint venture construction financing. As a result, the Company consolidated the operating community. The Company had previously accounted for its 49% ownership interest as an equity investment in an unconsolidated joint venture (see Note 5, Joint Ventures and Partnerships). The Company accounted for the consolidation as an asset acquisition resulting in no gain upon consolidation and increased its real estate assets owned by approximately $115.7 million and recorded approximately $2.4 million of in-place lease intangibles. In January 2019, the Company increased its ownership interest from 49% to 100% in a 155 apartment home operating community located in Seattle, Washington, for a cash purchase price of approximately $20.0 million. In connection with the acquisition, the Company repaid approximately $26.0 million of joint venture construction financing. As a result, the Company consolidated the operating community. The Company had previously accounted for its 49% ownership interest as a preferred equity investment in an unconsolidated joint venture (see Note 5, Joint Ventures and Partnerships). The Company accounted for the consolidation as an asset acquisition resulting in no gain upon consolidation and increased its real estate assets owned by approximately $58.1 million and recorded approximately $2.4 million of real estate intangibles and approximately $0.6 million of in-place lease intangibles. In January 2019, the Company acquired a to-be-developed parcel of land located in Washington D.C. for approximately $27.1 million. In February 2019, the Company acquired a to-be-developed parcel of land located in Denver, Colorado for approximately $13.7 million. In February 2019, the Company acquired a 188 apartment home operating community located in Brooklyn, New York for approximately $132.1 million. The Company increased its real estate assets owned by approximately $97.5 million and recorded approximately $33.6 million of real estate intangibles and approximately $1.0 million of in-place lease intangibles. In February 2019, the Company acquired a 381 apartment home operating community located in St. Petersburg, Florida for approximately $98.3 million. The Company increased its real estate assets owned by approximately $96.0 million and recorded approximately $2.3 million of in-place lease intangibles. In April 2019, the Company acquired a 498 apartment home operating community located in Towson, Maryland for approximately $86.4 million. The Company increased its real estate assets owned by approximately $82.5 million and recorded approximately $3.9 million of in-place lease intangibles. In May 2019, the Company acquired a 313 apartment home operating community located in King of Prussia, Pennsylvania for approximately $107.3 million. The Company increased its real estate assets owned by approximately $106.4 million and recorded approximately $0.9 million of in-place lease intangibles. In May 2019, the Company acquired a 240 apartment home operating community located in St. Petersburg, Florida for approximately $49.4 million. The Company increased its real estate assets owned by approximately $48.2 million and recorded approximately $1.2 million of in-place lease intangibles. In June 2019, the Company acquired a 200 apartment home operating community located in Waltham, Massachusetts for approximately $84.6 million. The Company increased its real estate assets owned by approximately $82.6 million and recorded approximately $2.0 million of in-place lease intangibles. F - 23 Table of Contents UDR, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued) DECEMBER 31, 2020 In August 2019, the Company acquired a 914 apartment home operating community located in Norwood, Massachusetts for approximately $270.2 million. The Company increased its real estate assets owned by approximately $260.1 million and recorded approximately $10.1 million of in-place lease intangibles. In August 2019, the Company acquired a 185 apartment home operating community located in Englewood, New Jersey for approximately $83.6 million. The Company increased its real estate assets owned by approximately $77.5 million and recorded approximately $4.6 million of real estate intangibles and approximately $1.5 million of in-place lease intangibles. In August 2019, the Company purchased a 292 apartment home operating community in Washington, D.C., directly from the UDR/KFH joint venture, thereby increasing its ownership interest from 30% to 100%, for a purchase price at 100% of approximately $184.0 million, before $2.8 million of closing costs incurred by UDR at acquisition (see Note 5, Joint Ventures and Partnerships). The Company accounted for the consolidation as an asset acquisition, resulting in no gain upon consolidation, and increased its real estate assets owned by approximately $156.0 million and recorded approximately $5.9 million of in-place lease intangibles. In November 2019, the Company acquired the approximately 50% ownership interest not previously owned in 10 UDR/MetLife operating communities, one development community and four land parcels valued at $1.1 billion, or $564.2 million at UDR’s share, and sold its approximately 50% ownership interest in five UDR/MetLife operating communities valued at $645.8 million, or $322.9 million at UDR’s share, to MetLife, and recognized a net gain on sale of $114.9 million at our share. The Company paid $109.2 million directly to MetLife to complete the transaction. As a result, the Company consolidated the 10 operating communities, one development community and four land parcels, and they are no longer accounted for as equity method investments in an unconsolidated joint venture (see Note 5, Joint Ventures and Partnerships). The Company accounted for the consolidation as an asset acquisition resulting in no gain upon consolidation and increased its real estate assets owned by approximately $977.8 million and recorded approximately $30.0 million of in-place lease intangibles. In connection with the acquisition, the Company assumed six secured fixed rate mortgage notes payable and one credit facility secured by four communities with a combined outstanding balance of $518.4 million and estimated fair value of $551.8 million. The Company recorded the debt at its fair value in Secured debt, net on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The following table summarizes the 10 communities, one development community and four land parcels acquired from the UDR/MetLife II and the UDR/MetLife Vitruvian Park® joint ventures: Property Strata Crescent Falls Church Charles River Landing Lodge at Ames Pond Lenox Farms Towson Promenade Savoye Savoye2 Fiori on Vitruvian Park ® Vitruvian West Vitruvian West Phase 2 (a) Vitruvian Park ® Type Operating Community Operating Community Operating Community Operating Community Operating Community Operating Community Operating Community Operating Community Operating Community Operating Community Development Community 4 Land Parcels Number of Homes 163 214 350 364 338 379 394 351 391 383 366 N/A Location San Diego, CA Washington, D.C. Boston, MA Boston, MA Boston, MA Baltimore, MD Addison, TX Addison, TX Addison, TX Addison, TX Addison, TX Addison, TX (a) The number of apartment homes for the community under development presented in the table above is based on the projected number of total homes upon completion of development. As of December 31, 2019, no apartment homes had been completed. During the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company did not have any acquisitions of real estate. F - 24 Table of Contents Dispositions UDR, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued) DECEMBER 31, 2020 In May 2020, the Company sold an operating community located in Bellevue, Washington with a total of 71 apartment homes for gross proceeds of $49.7 million, resulting in a gain of approximately $29.6 million. The sale was partially financed by the Company through the issuance of a promissory note totaling $4.0 million which was repaid in January 2021. (See Note 2, Significant Accounting Policies for further discussion.) The proceeds were designated for a tax-deferred Section 1031 exchange that were used to pay a portion of the purchase price for an acquisition of an operating community in Tampa, Florida, in January 2020. In May 2020, the Company sold an operating community located in Kirkland, Washington with a total of 196 apartment homes for gross proceeds of $92.9 million, resulting in a gain of approximately $31.7 million. In October 2020, the Company sold an operating community located in Alexandria, Virginia with a total of 332 apartment homes for gross proceeds of $145.0 million, resulting in a gain of approximately $58.0 million. The proceeds were designated for a tax-deferred Section 1031 exchange and were used to pay a portion of the purchase price for acquisitions in November and December 2020. In February 2021, the Company sold an operating community in Anaheim, California with a total of 386 apartment homes for gross proceeds of $156.0 million, resulting in a gain of approximately $50.8 million. In June 2019, the Company sold a parcel of land located in Los Angeles, California for $38.0 million, resulting in a gain of approximately $5.3 million. Prior to the sale, the parcel of land was subject to a ground lease, under which UDR was the lessor, scheduled to expire in 2065. The ground lease included a purchase option for the lessee to acquire the land during specific periods of the ground lease term. During the second quarter of 2019, the lessee exercised the purchase option resulting in this sale by the Company and the ground lease being terminated. Prior to the sale, the purchase option was not deemed to be a bargain purchase option. This ground lease existed as of the adoption of the new lease accounting guidance on January 1, 2019 and we did not reassess lease classification per the practical expedient provided by the standard. As a result, this ground lease continued to be classified as an operating lease and the land parcel subject to the ground lease continued to be recognized in Real estate held for investment on our Consolidated Balance Sheets until the sale in June 2019. In February 2018, the Company sold an operating community in Orange County, California with a total of 264 apartment homes for gross proceeds of $90.5 million, resulting in a gain of $70.3 million. The proceeds were designated for a tax-deferred Section 1031 exchange that were used to pay a portion of the purchase price for an acquisition in October 2017. In December 2018, the Company sold an operating community in Fairfax, Virginia with a total of 604 apartment homes for gross proceeds of $160.0 million, resulting in a gain of $65.9 million. Developments At December 31, 2020, the Company was developing five wholly-owned communities totaling 1,378 homes, 202 of which have been completed, in which we have an investment of $247.9 million. The communities are estimated to be completed between the first quarter of 2021 and the second quarter of 2023. Other Activity In connection with the acquisition of certain properties, the Company agreed to pay certain of the tax liabilities of certain contributors if the Company sells one or more of the properties contributed in a taxable transaction prior to the expiration of specified periods of time following the acquisition. The Company may, however, sell, without being required to pay any tax liabilities, any of such properties in a non-taxable transaction, including, but not limited to, a tax deferred Section 1031 exchange. F - 25 Table of Contents UDR, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued) DECEMBER 31, 2020 Further, the Company has agreed to maintain certain debt that may be guaranteed by certain contributors for specified periods of time following the acquisition. The Company, however, has the ability to refinance or repay guaranteed debt or to substitute new debt if the debt and the guaranty continue to satisfy certain conditions. Amortization of Intangible Assets The following table provides a summary of the aggregate amortization for the intangible assets acquired in the acquisition of real estate for each of the next five years and thereafter (in thousands): Unamortized Balance as of December 31, 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 Real estate intangible assets, net (a) In-place lease intangible assets, net (b) Total $ $ 34,782 $ 2,840 $ 2,740 $ 2,643 $ 2,525 $ 2,436 $ 2,631 37,413 $ 3,393 $ 3,258 $ 3,046 $ 2,900 $ 2,754 $ 553 375 403 518 318 Thereafter 21,598 464 22,062 (a) Real estate intangible assets, net is recorded net of accumulated amortization of $5.8 million in Real estate held for investment, net on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. For the year ended December 31, 2020, $3.1 million of amortization expense was recorded in Depreciation and Amortization on the Consolidated Statement of Operations. (b) In-place lease intangible assets, net is recorded net of accumulated amortization of $6.0 million in Other assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. For the year ended December 31, 2020, $46.1 million was recorded in Depreciation and Amortization on the Consolidated Statement of Operations. 4. VARIABLE INTEREST ENTITIES The Company has determined that the Operating Partnership and DownREIT Partnership are VIEs as the limited partners lack substantive kick-out rights and substantive participating rights. The Company has concluded that it is the primary beneficiary of, and therefore consolidates, the Operating Partnership and DownREIT Partnership based on its role as the sole general partner of the Operating Partnership and DownREIT Partnership. The Company’s role as community manager and its equity interests give us the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the economic performance and the obligation to absorb potentially significant losses or the right to receive potentially significant benefits of the Operating Partnership and DownREIT Partnership. See the consolidated financial statements of the Operating Partnership presented within this Report and Note 4, Unconsolidated Entities, to the Operating Partnership’s consolidated financial statements for condensed summarized financial information of the DownREIT Partnership. 5. JOINT VENTURES AND PARTNERSHIPS UDR has entered into joint ventures and partnerships with unrelated third parties to own, operate, acquire, renovate, develop, redevelop, dispose of, and manage real estate assets that are either consolidated and included in Real estate owned on the Consolidated Balance Sheets or are accounted for under the equity method of accounting, and are included in Investment in and advances to unconsolidated joint ventures, net, on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company consolidates the entities that we control as well as any variable interest entity where we are the primary beneficiary. Under the VIE model, the Company consolidates an entity when it has control to direct the activities of the VIE and the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits that could potentially be significant to the VIE. Under the voting model, the Company consolidates an entity when it controls the entity through ownership of a majority voting interest. UDR’s joint ventures and partnerships are funded with a combination of debt and equity. Our losses are typically limited to our investment and except as noted below, the Company does not guarantee any debt, capital payout or other obligations associated with our joint ventures and partnerships. F - 26 Table of Contents UDR, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued) DECEMBER 31, 2020 The Company recognizes earnings or losses from our investments in unconsolidated joint ventures and partnerships consisting of our proportionate share of the net earnings or losses of the joint ventures and partnerships. In addition, we may earn fees for providing management services to the communities held by the unconsolidated joint ventures and partnerships. The following table summarizes the Company’s investment in and advances to unconsolidated joint ventures and partnerships, net, which are accounted for under the equity method of accounting as of December 31, 2020 and 2019 (dollars in thousands): Joint Venture Operating: Location of Properties Number of Operating Communities Number of Apartment Homes Investment at UDR’s Ownership Interest December 31, December 31, December 31, December 31, December 31, 2020 2019 2020 2020 2020 December 31, 2019 Income/(loss) from investments Year Ended December 31, 2019 2018 2020 UDR/MetLife I UDR/MetLife II Other UDR/MetLife Joint Ventures (h) West Coast Development Joint Ventures (c) Sold Joint Ventures Los Angeles, CA Various Various Los Angeles, CA 1 7 5 1 Investment in and advances to unconsolidated joint ventures, net, before preferred equity investments and other investments 150 $ 1,250 26,426 $ 151,353 28,812 150,893 50.0 % 50.0 % 50.0 % $ 50.0 % (2,639) $ (1,044) (2,108) $ 117,574 (2,750) 2,954 1,437 82,072 98,441 50.6 % 50.6 % (10,444) (6,349) (7,639) 293 30,080 — 34,907 — 47.0 % — % 47.0 % — % (325) — (993) 6,123 (237) (7,694) $ 289,931 $ 313,053 $ (14,452) $ 114,247 $ (15,366) Developer Capital Program and Other Investments (a) Preferred equity investments: West Coast Development Joint Ventures (c) 1532 Harrison 1200 Broadway (d) Junction 1300 Fairmount (d) Essex Modera Lake Merritt (d) Thousand Oaks (e) Vernon Boulevard (f) Other investments: The Portals (g) Other investment ventures Total Preferred Equity Investments and Other Investments Location Rate Years To Maturity Commitment (b) UDR Investment at December 31, December 31, 2020 2019 Income/(loss) from investments Year Ended December 31, 2019 2018 2020 Hillsboro, OR San Francisco, CA Nashville, TN Santa Monica, CA Philadelphia, PA Orlando, FL Oakland, CA Thousand Oaks, CA Queens, NY Washington, D.C. N/A 6.5 % 11.0 % 8.0 % 12.0 % Variable 12.5 % 9.0 % 9.0 % 13.0 % 11.0 % N/A N/A 1.5 1.7 1.6 2.6 2.6 3.2 4.1 4.5 N/A N/A $ — $ — $ 24,645 55,558 8,800 51,393 12,886 27,250 20,059 40,000 — 34,500 $ 34,135 69,330 11,699 59,544 16,770 30,928 17,919 42,360 — 22,870 17,064 30,585 63,958 10,379 51,215 14,804 22,653 — — 48,181 13,598 $ (46) $ 3,519 5,309 1,321 4,843 1,965 2,592 763 2,348 5,745 4,937 (447) $ 3,147 4,888 1,169 3,098 1,639 1,067 — — 865 2,228 2,970 406 159 258 — — — 5,012 4,053 3,692 (267) 305,555 272,437 33,296 23,626 10,311 Total Joint Ventures and Developer Capital Program Investments, net (h) $ 595,486 $ 585,490 $18,844 $137,873 $(5,055) (a) The Developer Capital Program is the program through which the Company makes investments, including preferred equity investments, mezzanine loans or other structured investments that may receive a fixed yield on the investment and may include provisions pursuant to which the Company participates in the increase in value of the property upon monetization of the applicable property and/or holds fixed price purchase options. (b) Represents UDR’s maximum funding commitment only and therefore excludes other activity such as income from investments. (c) In January 2020, the Company increased its ownership interest from 49% to 100% in a 276 apartment home operating community located in Hillsboro, Oregon, for a cash purchase price of approximately $21.6 million. As a result, in January 2020, the Company consolidated the operating community and it is no longer accounted for as a preferred equity investment in an unconsolidated joint venture (see Note 3, Real Estate Owned). In January 2021, the joint venture sold its remaining community, a 293 home operating community in Los Angeles, California, for a sales price of approximately $121.0 million. As a result, the Company will record a gain on the sale of approximately $2.5 million in the first quarter of 2021. (d) The Company’s preferred equity investment receives a variable percentage of the value created from the project upon a capital or liquidating event. (e) In February 2020, the Company entered into a joint venture agreement with an unaffiliated joint venture partner to develop and operate a 142 apartment home community in Thousand Oaks, CA. The Company’s preferred equity F - 27 Table of Contents UDR, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued) DECEMBER 31, 2020 investment of up to $20.1 million earns a preferred return of 9.0% per annum and receives a variable percentage of the value created from the project upon a capital or liquidating event. The unaffiliated joint venture partner is the managing member of the joint venture and the developer of the community. The Company has concluded that it does not control the joint venture and, therefore, accounts for it under the equity method of accounting. (f) In July 2020, the Company entered into a joint venture agreement with an unaffiliated joint venture partner to develop and operate a 534 apartment home community in Queens, New York. The Company’s preferred equity investment of $40.0 million earns a preferred return of 13.0% per annum and receives a variable percentage of the value created from the project upon a capital or liquidating event. The unaffiliated joint venture partner is the managing member of the joint venture and the developer of the community. The Company has concluded that it does not control the joint venture and accounts for it under the equity method of accounting. (g) The Company previously entered into a joint venture agreement with an unaffiliated joint venture partner. The joint venture made a mezzanine loan to a third-party developer of a 373-apartment home community in Washington, D.C. In December 2020, the mezzanine loan was paid in full and the Company redeemed its investment. The Company received cash of $53.7 million, consisting of its investment of $38.6 million and contractually accrued interest of $15.1 million. (h) As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company’s negative investment in 13th and Market Properties LLC of $4.7 million and $2.8 million, respectively, is included in Other UDR/MetLife Joint Ventures in the table above and recorded in Accounts payable, accrued expenses, and other liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. In January 2021, the Company entered into a joint venture agreement with an unaffiliated joint venture partner to develop and operate a 356 apartment home community in Herndon, Virginia. The Company’s preferred equity investment of $30.2 million earns a preferred return of 9.0% per annum and receives a variable percentage of the value created from the project upon a capital or liquidating event. The unaffiliated joint venture partner is the managing member of the joint venture and the developer of the community. The Company has concluded that it does not control the joint venture and accounts for it under the equity method of accounting. As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company had deferred fees of $8.4 million and $9.0 million, respectively, which will be recognized through earnings over the weighted average life of the related properties, upon the disposition of the properties to a third party, or upon completion of certain development obligations. The Company recognized management fees of $5.1 million, $14.0 million, and $11.6 million during the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019, and 2018, respectively, for management of the communities held by the joint ventures and partnerships. The management fees are included in Joint venture management and other fees on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. The Company may, in the future, make additional capital contributions to certain of our joint ventures and partnerships should additional capital contributions be necessary to fund acquisitions or operations. We consider various factors to determine if a decrease in the value of our Investment in and advances to unconsolidated joint ventures, net is other-than-temporary. These factors include, but are not limited to, age of the venture, our intent and ability to retain our investment in the entity, the financial condition and long-term prospects of the entity, and the relationships with the other joint venture partners and its lenders. Based on the significance of the unobservable inputs, we classify these fair value measurements within Level 3 of the valuation hierarchy. The Company did not incur any other-than-temporary impairments in the value of its investments in unconsolidated joint ventures during the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019, and 2018. F - 28 Table of Contents UDR, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued) DECEMBER 31, 2020 Condensed summary financial information relating to the unconsolidated joint ventures’ and partnerships’ operations (not just our proportionate share), is presented below for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019, and 2018 (dollars in thousands): As of and For the Year Ended December 31, 2020 Condensed Statements of Operations: Total revenues Property operating expenses Real estate depreciation and amortization Operating income/(loss) Interest expense Other income/(loss) Net realized/unrealized gain/(loss) on held investments Net income/(loss) Condensed Balance Sheets: Total real estate, net Real estate assets held for sale Cash and cash equivalents Other assets Total assets Third party debt, net Liabilities held for sale Accounts payable and accrued liabilities Total liabilities Total equity UDR/ UDR/ UDR/MetLife Development Excluding MetLife I MetLife II Joint Ventures Joint Ventures DCP Other West Coast Total Developer Capital Program and Other Investments Total $ 9,480 4,978 $ 56,274 $ 21,951 57,781 $ 22,870 8,668 $ 4,477 132,203 $ 54,276 5,980 (1,478) (3,075) — 18,912 15,411 (15,386) 204 35,454 (543) (17,457) — 3,338 853 (1,344) 63 63,684 14,243 (37,262) 267 — (4,553) $ $ — 229 $ — (18,000)$ — (428)$ — (22,752)$ $ 114,192 — 2,585 1,622 118,399 70,946 — $ 650,593 $ — 4,369 14,133 669,095 416,364 — 3,507 74,453 $ 43,946 6,764 423,128 $ 245,967 $ 589,822 $ — 7,049 6,214 603,085 454,153 — 8,593 462,746 140,339 $ — $ 1,354,607 $ 88,458 — — 88,458 14,003 21,969 88,458 1,479,037 941,463 55,440 55,440 — — 18,864 55,440 1,015,767 463,270 $ 33,018 $ 16,189 8,232 $ 148,392 62,508 3,495 4,462 (3,121) 35 67,179 18,705 (40,383) 302 36,141 37,517 $ 36,141 14,765 550,198 — 8,275 128,925 687,398 247,247 — 21,692 268,939 418,459 $ 1,904,805 88,458 22,278 150,894 2,166,435 1,188,710 55,440 40,556 1,284,706 881,729 $ UDR/ UDR/ UDR/MetLife Development Excluding MetLife I MetLife II Joint Ventures Joint Ventures DCP Other West Coast Total Developer Capital Program and Other Investments As of and For the Year Ended December 31, 2019 Condensed Statements of Operations: Total revenues Property operating expenses Real estate depreciation and amortization Gain/(loss) on sale of real estate (a) Operating income/(loss) Interest expense Net gain/(loss) on revaluation of assets and liabilities (b) Other income/(loss) Net realized/unrealized gain/(loss) on held investments $ 9,834 $ 151,226 $ 54,445 4,533 5,787 44,077 — (486) (3,070) 52,704 (44,825) — — 458,195 — — — — 102,888 $ 39,542 50,579 115,516 128,283 (27,647) 25,711 — — 14,058 $ 6,829 5,440 — 1,789 (4,656) 278,006 $ 105,349 105,883 115,516 182,290 (80,198) — 159 483,906 159 — (2,708)$ — 586,157 $ Net income/(loss) $ (3,556)$ 466,074 $ 126,347 $ Condensed Balance Sheets: Total real estate, net Cash and cash equivalents Other assets Total assets Third party debt, net Accounts payable and accrued liabilities Total liabilities Total equity 2,317 1,053 $ 120,055 $ 663,492 $ 4,208 9,777 123,425 677,477 70,890 425,303 9,303 74,927 434,606 $ 48,498 $ 242,871 $ 4,037 621,335 $ 7,973 5,400 634,708 454,972 9,757 464,729 169,979 $ 140,224 $ 1,545,106 $ 5,692 1,305 20,190 17,535 147,221 1,582,831 90,498 3,440 1,041,663 26,537 93,938 1,068,200 514,631 $ 53,283 $ Total 289,248 108,781 105,883 115,516 190,100 (80,198) 11,242 $ 3,432 — — 7,810 — — (68) 483,906 91 26,417 34,159 $ 26,417 620,316 355,975 $ 1,901,081 29,823 9,633 155,406 172,941 521,014 2,103,845 106,385 1,148,048 28,577 55,114 134,962 1,203,162 900,683 386,052 $ (a) Represent the gains on the sale of three operating communities at the UDR/KFH joint venture level. (b) Represent the net gains on the revaluation of the assets and liabilities to fair value of 15 operating communities at the UDR/MetLife II joint venture level and one development community and four land parcels at the UDR/MetLife Vitruvian Park® joint venture level prior to their distribution to the Company or MetLife in November 2019. The F - 29 Table of Contents UDR, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued) DECEMBER 31, 2020 net gain on revaluation of assets and liabilities to fair value was recognized at the joint venture level as the respective joint ventures distributed their equity interests in the real estate to the Company or MetLife at fair value. For the approximately 50% ownership interest acquired in the 10 operating communities, one development community and four land parcels described above, the Company deferred its share of the net gain on revaluation of approximately $131.5 million and recorded it as a reduction of the carrying amount of real estate owned. (see Note 3, Real Estate Owned). For the 50% ownership interest acquired in the five communities by MetLife, the Company recognized a net gain on sale of $114.9 million at our share, when the communities were disposed of by the UDR/MetLife II joint venture. UDR/ UDR/ UDR/MetLife Development Excluding MetLife I MetLife II Joint Ventures Joint Ventures DCP Other West Coast Total Developer Capital Program and Other Investments UDR/ MetLife Vitruvian Park® Total $ 3,187 3,066 $ 158,738 $ 56,403 108,766 $ 44,048 16,392 $ 287,083 8,830 112,347 $ 5,977 $ 293,060 $ 1,789 114,136 26,096 13,732 3,392 (3,271) (1,872) — $ (5,143) 44,721 57,614 (49,118) — 8,496 $ $ 59,419 5,299 (30,198) — (24,899)$ 7,679 115,211 59,525 (117) (87,363) (6,175) 148 148 (6,144)$ (27,690) — 115,211 63,713 (87,363) 148 4,188 — — $ 4,188 $ (23,502) $ 9,495 2,869 (6,051) — (3,182) For the Year Ended December 31, 2018 Condensed Statements of Operations: Total revenues Property operating expenses Real estate depreciation and amortization Operating income/(loss) Interest expense Other income/(loss) Net income/(loss) 6. LEASES Lessee - Ground and Office Leases UDR owns six communities that are subject to ground leases, under which UDR is the lessee, expiring between 2043 and 2103, inclusive of extension options we are reasonably certain will be exercised. All of these leases are classified as operating leases through the lease term expiration based on our election of the practical expedient provided by the leasing standard. Rental expense for lease payments related to operating leases is recognized on a straight-line basis over the remaining lease term. We currently do not hold any finance leases. The Company also elected the short-term lease exception provided by the leasing standard and therefore only recognizes right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for leases with a term greater than one year. No leases qualified for the short-term lease exception during the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019. As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, the Operating lease right-of-use assets were $200.9 million and $204.2 million, respectively, and the Operating lease liabilities were $195.6 million and $198.6 million, respectively, on our Consolidated Balance Sheet related to our ground leases. The value of the Operating lease right-of-use assets exceeds the value of the Operating lease liabilities due to prepaid lease payments and intangible assets for ground leases acquired in the purchase of real estate. The calculation of these amounts includes minimum lease payments over the remaining lease term (described further in the table below). Variable lease payments are excluded from the right-of-use assets and lease liabilities and are recognized in earnings in the period in which the obligation for those payments is incurred. As the discount rate implicit in the leases was not readily determinable, we determined the discount rate for these leases utilizing the Company’s incremental borrowing rate at a portfolio level, adjusted for the remaining lease term, and the form of underlying collateral. The weighted average remaining lease term for these leases was 43.9 years and 44.7 years at December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and the weighted average discount rate was 5.0% at both December 31, 2020 and 2019. F - 30 Table of Contents UDR, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued) DECEMBER 31, 2020 Future minimum lease payments and total operating lease liabilities from our ground leases as of December 31, 2020 are as follows (dollars in thousands): 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 Thereafter Total future minimum lease payments (undiscounted) Difference between future undiscounted cash flows and discounted cash flows Total operating lease liabilities (discounted) Ground Leases 12,442 12,442 12,442 12,442 12,442 442,778 504,988 (309,396) 195,592 $ $ For purposes of recognizing our ground lease contracts, the Company uses the minimum lease payments, if stated in the agreement. For ground lease agreements where there is a rent reset provision based on a change in an index or a rate (i.e., changes in fair market rental rates or changes in the consumer price index) but that does not include a specified minimum lease payment, the Company uses the current rent over the remainder of the lease term. If there is a contingency upon which some or all of the variable lease payments that will be paid over the remainder of the lease term are based, which is resolved such that those payments now meet the definition of lease payments, the Company will remeasure the right-of-use asset and lease liability on the reset date. For the year ended December 31, 2019, Operating lease right-of-use assets and Operating lease liabilities increased by $111.1 million due to future minimum payments on two of our ground leases becoming fixed for the remainder of their terms. The components of operating lease expenses were as follows (dollars in thousands): Lease expense: Contractual lease expense Variable lease expense (a) Total operating lease expense (b)(c) Year Ended December 31, 2020 2019 $ $ 12,821 119 12,940 $ $ 8,272 664 8,936 (a) Variable lease expense includes adjustments such as changes in the consumer price index and payments based on a percentage of income of the lessee. (b) Lease expense is reported within the line item Other operating expenses on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. (c) For the year ended December 31, 2020, Operating lease right-of-use assets and Operating lease liabilities amortized by $3.3 million and $3.0 million, respectively, and for the year ended December 31, 2019, Operating lease right-of-use assets and Operating lease liabilities amortized by $1.2 million and $0.8 million, respectively. Due to the net impact of the amortization, the Company recorded $0.3 million and $0.4 million of total operating lease expense during the year ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Lessor - Apartment Home, Retail and Commercial Space Leases UDR’s communities and retail and commercial space are leased to tenants under operating leases. As of December 31, 2020, our apartment home leases generally have initial terms of 12 months or less and represent approximately 97.3% of our total lease revenue. As of December 31, 2020, our retail and commercial space leases generally have initial terms of between 5 and 15 years and represent approximately 2.7% of our total lease revenue. Our apartment home leases are generally renewable at the end of the lease term, subject to potential increases in rental rates, and our retail and commercial space leases generally have renewal options, subject to associated increases in rental rates due to market-based or fixed-price renewal options and certain other conditions. (See Note 16, Reportable Segments for further discussion around our major revenue streams and disaggregation of our revenue.) F - 31 Table of Contents UDR, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued) DECEMBER 31, 2020 We previously owned a parcel of land subject to a ground lease under which UDR was the lessor, expiring in 2065. The ground lease included a purchase option for the lessee to acquire the land during specific periods of the ground lease term. In June 2019, the lessee exercised the purchase option and acquired the parcel of land for $38.0 million. (See Note 3, Real Estate Owned for further discussion.) Future minimum lease payments from our retail and commercial leases as of December 31, 2020 are as follows (dollars in thousands): 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 Thereafter Total future minimum lease payments (a) Retail and Commercial Leases 23,970 22,749 20,855 19,132 15,972 70,396 173,074 $ $ (a) We have excluded our apartment home leases from this table as our apartment home leases generally have initial terms of 12 months or less. Certain of our leases with retail and commercial tenants provide for the payment by the lessee of additional variable rent based on a percentage of the tenant’s revenue. The amounts shown in the table above do not include these variable percentage rents. The Company recorded variable percentage rents of $0.2 million and $0.4 million during the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. F - 32 Table of Contents UDR, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued) DECEMBER 31, 2020 7. SECURED AND UNSECURED DEBT, NET The following is a summary of our secured and unsecured debt at December 31, 2020 and 2019 (dollars in thousands): Principal Outstanding As of December 31, 2020 December 31, December 31, 2020 2019 Weighted Weighted Average Average Years to Communities Interest Maturity Encumbered Number of Rate Secured Debt: Fixed Rate Debt Mortgage notes payable (a) Credit facilities (b) Deferred financing costs and other non-cash adjustments (b) Total fixed rate secured debt, net Variable Rate Debt Tax-exempt secured notes payable (c) Deferred financing costs Total variable rate secured debt, net Total Secured Debt, net Unsecured Debt: Variable Rate Debt Borrowings outstanding under unsecured credit facility due January 2023 (d) (p) Borrowings outstanding under unsecured commercial paper program due January 2021 (e) (p) Borrowings outstanding under unsecured working capital credit facility due January 2022 (f) Term Loan due September 2023 (d) (p) Fixed Rate Debt Term Loan due September 2023 (d) (p) 3.75% Medium-Term Notes due July 2024 (net of discounts of $0 and $470, respectively) (g) (p) 8.50% Debentures due September 2024 4.00% Medium-Term Notes due October 2025 (net of discounts of $327 and $396, respectively) (h) (p) 2.95% Medium-Term Notes due September 2026 (i) (p) 3.50% Medium-Term Notes due July 2027 (net of discounts of $458 and $529, respectively) (p) 3.50% Medium-Term Notes due January 2028 (net of discounts of $835 and $954, respectively) (p) 4.40% Medium-Term Notes due January 2029 (net of discounts of $5 and $5, respectively) (j) (p) 3.20% Medium-Term Notes due January 2030 (net of premiums of $12,412 and $2,281, respectively) (k) (p) 3.00% Medium-Term Notes due August 2031 (net of discounts of $1,027 and $1,123, respectively) (l) (p) 2.10% Medium-Term Notes due August 2032 (net of discounts of $408 and $0, respectively) (m) (p) 1.90% Medium-Term Notes due March 2033 (net of discounts of $1,471 and $0, respectively) (n) (p) 3.10% Medium-Term Notes due November 2034 (net of discounts of $1,221 and $1,309, respectively) (o) (p) Other Deferred financing costs Total Unsecured Debt, net Total Debt, net $ 824,550 $ — 10,665 835,215 27,000 (68) 26,932 862,147 884,869 204,590 33,046 1,122,505 27,000 (64) 26,936 1,149,441 3.31 % — % 7.2 — 3.31 % 7.2 0.84 % 11.2 0.84 % 3.23 % 11.2 7.3 11 — 11 1 1 12 — — — % 2.1 190,000 300,000 0.27 % 0.1 28,024 35,000 16,583 35,000 0.97 % 1.05 % 1.0 2.8 315,000 315,000 2.55 % 2.8 — 15,644 299,530 15,644 299,673 300,000 299,604 300,000 — % 8.50 % 4.53 % 2.89 % 299,542 299,471 3.50 % 299,165 299,046 3.50 % 299,995 299,995 4.27 % 612,412 402,281 3.32 % — 3.7 4.8 5.7 6.5 7.0 8.1 9.0 398,973 398,877 3.01 % 10.6 399,592 348,529 298,779 10 (25,937) 4,114,401 4,976,548 $ — — 2.10 % 11.6 1.90 % 12.2 298,691 3.13 % 13.8 13 (21,652) 3,558,083 $ 4,707,524 2.98 % 2.91 % 8.1 8.0 F - 33 Table of Contents UDR, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued) DECEMBER 31, 2020 For purposes of classification of the above table, variable rate debt with a derivative financial instrument designated as a cash flow hedge is deemed as fixed rate debt due to the Company having effectively established a fixed interest rate for the underlying debt instrument. Our secured debt instruments generally feature either monthly interest and principal or monthly interest-only payments with balloon payments due at maturity. As of December 31, 2020, secured debt encumbered $1.4 billion or 10.6% of UDR’s total real estate owned based upon gross book value ($11.7 billion or 89.4% of UDR’s real estate owned based on gross book value is unencumbered). (a) At December 31, 2020, fixed rate mortgage notes payable are generally due in monthly installments of principal and interest and mature at various dates from July 2024 through February 2031 and carry interest rates ranging from 2.62% to 4.12%. In July 2020, the Company refinanced a 4.35% fixed rate mortgage note payable due in November 2020 with a balance of $79.3 million with a $160.9 million, 2.62% fixed rate mortgage note payable due in 2031. The Company incurred net extinguishment costs of $0.5 million in connection with the refinancing. The incremental proceeds were used to reduce the Company’s borrowings under its unsecured commercial paper program. During the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company prepaid $111.1 million and zero, respectively, of its fixed rate mortgage notes payable with proceeds from the issuance of senior unsecured medium-term notes. The Company incurred net extinguishment costs of $8.5 million, zero and $0.5 million during years ended December 31, 2020, 2019, and 2018, respectively, which was included in Interest expense on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. The Company will from time to time acquire properties subject to fixed rate debt instruments. In those situations, the Company records the debt at its estimated fair value and amortizes any difference between the fair value and par value to interest expense over the life of the underlying debt instrument. (b) During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company prepaid the $201.9 million outstanding balance under its secured credit facility with New York Life with proceeds from the issuance of senior unsecured medium-term notes. The Company incurred net extinguishment costs of $9.0 million during the year ended December 31, 2020, which was included in Interest expense on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. During the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019, and 2018, the Company had $22.4 million, $3.0 million, and $3.0 million, respectively, of amortization of the fair market adjustment of debt assumed in the acquisition of properties inclusive of its fixed rate mortgage notes payable and credit facilities, which was included in Interest expense on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. The unamortized fair market adjustment was a net premium of $12.9 million and $35.3 million at December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. (c) The variable rate mortgage note payable secures a tax-exempt housing bond issue that matures in March 2032. Interest on this note is payable in monthly installments. As of December 31, 2020, the variable interest rate on the mortgage note was 0.84%. (d) The Company has a $1.1 billion unsecured revolving credit facility (the “Revolving Credit Facility”) and a $350.0 million unsecured term loan (the “Term Loan”). The credit agreement for these facilities (the “Credit Agreement”) allows the total commitments under the Revolving Credit Facility and the total borrowings under the Term Loan to be increased to an aggregate maximum amount of up to $2.0 billion, subject to certain conditions, including obtaining commitments from one or more lenders. The Revolving Credit Facility has a scheduled maturity date of January 31, 2023, with two six-month extension options, subject to certain conditions. The Term Loan has a scheduled maturity date of September 30, 2023. Based on the Company’s current credit rating, the Revolving Credit Facility has an interest rate equal to LIBOR plus a margin of 82.5 basis points and a facility fee of 15 basis points, and the Term Loan has an interest rate equal to LIBOR plus a margin of 90 basis points. Depending on the Company’s credit rating, the margin under the Revolving Credit Facility ranges from 75 to 145 basis points, the facility fee ranges from 10 to 30 basis points, and the margin under the Term Loan ranges from 80 to 165 basis points. F - 34 Table of Contents UDR, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued) DECEMBER 31, 2020 The Company previously entered into an interest rate swap to hedge against the interest rate risk on the Term Loan, which expired in January 2021. As of December 31, 2020, the all-in weighted average interest rate, inclusive of the impact of the interest rate swap, was 2.55%. In January 2021, the Company entered into three interest rate swaps to hedge against interest rate risk on the Term Loan until July 2022. The all-in weighted average interest rate, inclusive of the impact of the interest rate swaps, is 1.07%. The Credit Agreement contains customary representations and warranties and financial and other affirmative and negative covenants. The Credit Agreement also includes customary events of default, in certain cases subject to customary periods to cure. The occurrence of an event of default, following the applicable cure period, would permit the lenders to, among other things, declare the unpaid principal, accrued and unpaid interest and all other amounts payable under the Credit Agreement to be immediately due and payable. The following is a summary of short-term bank borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility at December 31, 2020 and 2019 (dollars in thousands): December 31, December 31, Total revolving credit facility Borrowings outstanding at end of year (1) Weighted average daily borrowings during the year ended Maximum daily borrowings during the year ended Weighted average interest rate during the year ended Interest rate at end of the year 2020 $ 1,100,000 2019 $ 1,100,000 — 55 20,000 — 42,186 375,000 1.4 % — % 2.6 % — % (1) Excludes $2.8 million and $2.9 million of letters of credit at December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. (e) The Company has an unsecured commercial paper program. Under the terms of the program, the Company may issue unsecured commercial paper up to a maximum aggregate amount outstanding of $500.0 million. The notes are sold under customary terms in the United States commercial paper market and rank pari passu with all of the Company’s other unsecured indebtedness. The notes are fully and unconditionally guaranteed by the Operating Partnership. The following is a summary of short-term bank borrowings under the unsecured commercial paper program at December 31, 2020 and 2019 (dollars in thousands): Total unsecured commercial paper program Borrowings outstanding at end of year Weighted average daily borrowings during the year ended Maximum daily borrowings during the year ended Weighted average interest rate during the year ended Interest rate at end of the year December 31, December 31, $ 2020 500,000 190,000 227,090 500,000 $ 2019 500,000 300,000 173,353 435,000 0.9 % 0.3 % 2.5 % 2.0 % In January 2021, the entire $190.0 million of outstanding unsecured commercial paper as of December 31, 2020 was repaid at maturity with additional proceeds of unsecured commercial paper with maturity dates in February 2021 and proceeds under the Working Capital Credit Facility. (f) The Company has a working capital credit facility, which provides for a $75.0 million unsecured revolving credit facility (the “Working Capital Credit Facility”) with a previously scheduled maturity date of January 15, 2021. Based on the Company’s current credit rating, the Working Capital Credit Facility has an interest rate equal to LIBOR plus a margin of 82.5 basis points. Depending on the Company’s credit rating, the margin ranges from 75 to 145 basis points. In July 2020, the Company extended its working capital credit facility maturity date from January 15, 2021 to January 14, 2022. F - 35 Table of Contents UDR, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued) DECEMBER 31, 2020 The following is a summary of short-term bank borrowings under the Working Capital Credit Facility at December 31, 2020 and 2019 (dollars in thousands): Total working capital credit facility Borrowings outstanding at end of year Weighted average daily borrowings during the year ended Maximum daily borrowings during the year ended Weighted average interest rate during the year ended Interest rate at end of the year December 31, December 31, 2020 2019 $ $ 75,000 28,024 20,132 54,974 75,000 16,583 23,487 66,170 1.4 % 1.0 % 3.1 % 2.6 % (g) In July 2020, the Company announced that it commenced a cash tender offer for any and all of its outstanding 3.75% unsecured medium-term notes due July 2024 (the “2024 Notes”). Pursuant to the tender offer, on July 21, 2020, the Company completed the purchase of $116.9 million aggregate principal amount of the 2024 Notes, or 39.0% of the $300.0 million aggregate principal amount of the 2024 Notes. The tender offer consideration was $1,101.92 for each $1,000 principal amount of the 2024 Notes, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but not including, July 21, 2020. The Company incurred net extinguishment costs of $12.8 million during the year ended December 31, 2020, which was included in Interest expense on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. In December 2020, the Company redeemed the remaining $183.1 million aggregate principal amount of the 2024 Notes. The Company incurred $21.1 million in make-whole expense upon redemption of these notes. (h) The Company previously entered into forward starting interest rate swaps to hedge against interest rate risk on $200.0 million of this debt. The all-in weighted average interest rate, inclusive of the impact of these interest rate swaps, was 4.53%. (i) The Company previously entered into forward starting interest rate swaps to hedge against interest rate risk on $100.0 million of this debt. The all-in weighted average interest rate, inclusive of the impact of these interest rate swaps, was 2.89%. (j) The Company previously entered into forward starting interest rate swaps to hedge against interest rate risk on $150.0 million of the initial $300.0 million issued. The all-in weighted average interest rate, inclusive of the impact of these interest rate swaps, was 4.27%. (k) The Company previously entered into forward starting interest rate swaps to hedge against the interest rate risk of this debt. In connection with the additional $100.0 million issued in October 2019, the Company entered into treasury lock agreements to hedge against interest rate risk on all of this debt. In February 2020, the Company issued an additional $200.0 million of 3.20% senior unsecured medium-term notes due 2030 (the “2030 Notes”). Interest is payable semi-annually in arrears on January 15 and July 15 of each year, beginning on July 15, 2020. The notes were priced at 105.660% of the principal amount at issuance. This was a further issuance of the 2030 Notes, and forms a single series with, the $300.0 million aggregate principal amount of the Company’s 2030 Notes that were issued in July 2019 and the $100.0 million aggregate principal amount of the Company’s 2030 Notes that were issued in October 2019. As of the completion of the offerings, the aggregate principal amount of outstanding 2030 Notes was $600.0 million. The all-in weighted average interest rate, inclusive of the impact of the forward starting swaps and treasury locks, was 3.32% for the 2030 Notes. (l) The Company entered into a treasury lock agreement to hedge against interest rate risk on $150.0 million of this debt. The all-in weighted average interest rate, inclusive of the impact of the treasury lock, was 3.01%. (m) In July 2020, the Company issued $400.0 million of 2.10% senior unsecured medium-term notes due August 1, 2032. Interest is payable semi-annually in arrears on February 1 and August 1. The notes were priced at 99.894% of the principal amount at issuance. The Company used a portion of the net proceeds to fund the purchase of F - 36 Table of Contents UDR, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued) DECEMBER 31, 2020 the 2024 Notes accepted pursuant to the tender offer described above and to prepay $245.8 million of 4.64% secured debt due in 2023. The combined prepayment and make-whole amounts for the purchase of the 2024 Notes and the prepayment of the secured debt due in 2023, inclusive of the acceleration of fair market value adjustments originally recorded on secured debt assumed in property acquisitions, totaled approximately $24.0 million, which was included in Interest expense on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. (n) In December 2020, the Company issued $350.0 million of 1.90% senior unsecured medium-term notes due March 15, 2033 (the “2033 Notes”). Interest is payable semi-annually in arrears on March 15 and September 15. The notes were priced at 99.578% of the principal amount at issuance. The Company used the net proceeds for the repayment of debt, including the redemption of the remaining $183.1 million aggregate principal amount (plus the make-whole amount of approximately $21.1 million) of its 2024 Notes, $67.5 million of secured debt maturing in 2023, and outstanding indebtedness under our commercial paper program and working capital credit facility. The 2033 Notes were issued as “green” bonds and, as a result, the Company will allocate an amount equal to the net proceeds from the sale of the 2033 Notes to fund eligible green projects. (o) The Company previously entered into forward starting interest rate swaps to hedge against the interest rate risk of this debt. The all-in weighted average interest rate, inclusive of the impact of these interest rate swaps, was 3.13%. (p) The Operating Partnership is the guarantor of this debt. The aggregate maturities, including amortizing principal payments on secured and unsecured debt, of total debt for the next ten years subsequent to December 31, 2020 are as follows (dollars in thousands): Total Fixed Total Variable Total Total Secured Debt $ Secured Debt Unsecured Debt $ Year 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 Thereafter Subtotal Non-cash (b) Total Secured Debt 1,097 $ 1,140 1,183 95,280 173,189 51,070 1,111 122,466 144,584 72,500 160,930 824,550 10,665 835,215 $ — $ — — — — — — — — — Total Debt 191,097 29,164 351,183 110,924 473,189 351,070 301,111 422,466 444,584 672,500 1,637,930 4,985,218 (8,670) $ 4,976,548 190,000 (a)$ 28,024 350,000 15,644 300,000 300,000 300,000 300,000 300,000 600,000 1,450,000 4,133,668 (19,267) 4,114,401 1,097 1,140 1,183 95,280 173,189 51,070 1,111 122,466 144,584 72,500 187,930 851,550 10,597 862,147 $ 27,000 27,000 (68) 26,932 $ $ (a) All unsecured debt due in the remainder of 2021 is related to the Company’s commercial paper program. (b) Includes the unamortized balance of fair market value adjustments, premiums/discounts, and deferred financing costs. For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company amortized $4.4 million and $4.2 million, respectively, of deferred financing costs into Interest expense. We were in compliance with the covenants of our debt instruments at December 31, 2020. On February 11, 2021, the Company priced an offering of $300.0 million of 2.10% senior unsecured medium-term notes due 2033. The notes were priced at 99.592% of the principal amount of the notes. The Company intends to use the net proceeds to repay indebtedness, including the redemption of its $300.0 million 4.00% senior unsecured medium-term notes due October 2025 (plus the make-whole amount and accrued and unpaid interest), to fund potential acquisitions, or for other general corporate purposes. The settlement of the offering is expected to occur on February 26, 2021, subject to the satisfaction of customary closing conditions. F - 37 Table of Contents UDR, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued) DECEMBER 31, 2020 8. INCOME/(LOSS) PER SHARE The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted income/(loss) per share for the periods presented (dollars and shares in thousands, except per share data): Numerator for income/(loss) per share: Net income/(loss) Net (income)/loss attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests in the Operating Partnership and DownREIT Partnership Net (income)/loss attributable to noncontrolling interests Net income/(loss) attributable to UDR, Inc. Distributions to preferred stockholders — Series E (Convertible) Income/(loss) attributable to common stockholders - basic and diluted $ Denominator for income/(loss) per share: Weighted average common shares outstanding Non-vested restricted stock awards Denominator for basic income/(loss) per share Incremental shares issuable from assumed conversion of unvested LTIP Units and unvested restricted stock Denominator for diluted income/(loss) per share Year Ended December 31, 2019 2018 2020 $ 68,970 $ 199,579 $ 221,542 (4,543) (161) 64,266 (4,230) 60,036 $ (14,426) (188) 184,965 (4,104) 180,861 $ (18,215) (221) 203,106 (3,868) 199,238 294,808 (263) 294,545 382 294,927 285,509 (262) 285,247 768 286,015 268,513 (334) 268,179 1,304 269,483 Income/(loss) per weighted average common share: Basic Diluted $ $ 0.20 0.20 $ $ 0.63 0.63 $ $ 0.74 0.74 Basic income/(loss) per common share is computed based upon the weighted average number of common shares outstanding. Diluted income/(loss) per common share is computed based upon the weighted average number of common shares outstanding plus the common shares issuable from the assumed conversion of the OP Units and DownREIT Units, convertible preferred stock, stock options, unvested long-term incentive plan units (“LTIP Units”), unvested restricted stock and continuous equity program forward sales agreements. Only those instruments having a dilutive impact on our basic income/(loss) per share are included in diluted income/(loss) per share during the periods. For the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019, and 2018, the effect of the conversion of the OP Units, DownREIT Units, LTIP Units, the Company’s Series E preferred stock and shares issuable upon settlement of forward sales agreements was not dilutive and therefore not included in the above calculation. In July 2017, the Company entered into an ATM sales agreement under which the Company may offer and sell up to 20.0 million shares of its common stock, from time to time, to or through its sales agents and may enter into separate forward sales agreements to or through its forward purchasers. Upon entering into the ATM sales agreement, the Company simultaneously terminated the sales agreement for its prior at-the-market equity offering program, which was entered into in April 2017, which replaced the prior at-the-market equity offering program entered into in April 2012. During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company sold 2.1 million shares of common stock through its ATM program pursuant to the Company’s forward sales agreement described below. In connection with any forward sales agreement under the Company’s ATM program, the relevant forward purchasers will borrow from third parties and, through the relevant sales agent, acting in its role as forward seller, sell a number of shares of the Company’s common stock equal to the number of shares underlying the agreement. The Company does not initially receive any proceeds from any sale of borrowed shares by the forward seller. During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company entered into forward sales agreements under its ATM program for a total of 2.1 million shares of common stock at a weighted average initial forward price per share of $49.56. The initial forward price per share received by the Company upon settlement was determined on the F - 38 Table of Contents UDR, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued) DECEMBER 31, 2020 applicable settlement date based on adjustments made to the initial forward price to reflect the then-current federal funds rate and the amount of dividends paid to holders of UDR common stock over the term of the forward sales agreement. In December 2020, the Company settled all 2.1 million shares sold under the forward sales agreement at a weighted average forward price per share of $48.23, which is inclusive of adjustments made to reflect the then-current federal funds rate, the amount of dividends paid to holders of UDR common stock and commissions paid to sales agents of approximately $3.9 million, for net proceeds of $102.3 million. Aggregate net proceeds from such sales, after deducting related expenses, was $102.2 million. As of December 31, 2020, we had 9.6 million shares of common stock available for future issuance under the ATM program. During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company repurchased 0.6 million shares of its common stock at an average price of $33.11 per share for total consideration of approximately $19.8 million under its share repurchase program. The following table sets forth the additional shares of common stock outstanding by equity instrument if converted to common stock for each of the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019, and 2018 (in thousands): Year Ended December 31, 2019 2018 2020 OP/DownREIT Units Convertible preferred stock Stock options, unvested LTIP Units and unvested restricted stock 9. STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY 22,310 22,773 24,548 3,011 1,304 3,011 768 2,950 382 UDR has an effective registration statement that allows the Company to sell an undetermined number of debt and equity securities as defined in the prospectus. The Company had the ability to issue 350.0 million shares of common stock and 50.0 million shares of preferred shares as of December 31, 2020. F - 39 Table of Contents UDR, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued) DECEMBER 31, 2020 The following table presents the changes in the Company’s issued and outstanding shares of common and preferred stock for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018: Balance at December 31, 2017 Issuance/(forfeiture) of common and restricted shares, net Issuance of common shares upon exercise of stock options Issuance of common shares through public offering Repurchase of common shares Adjustment for conversion of noncontrolling interest of unitholders in the Operating Partnership Adjustment for conversion of noncontrolling interest of unitholders in the DownREIT Partnership Forfeiture of Series F shares Balance at December 31, 2018 Issuance/(forfeiture) of common and restricted shares, net Issuance of common shares through public offering Issuance of common shares though ATM program Issuance of common shares through forward sales agreement Adjustment for conversion of noncontrolling interest of unitholders in the Operating Partnership Adjustment for conversion of noncontrolling interest of unitholders in the DownREIT Partnership Forfeiture of Series F shares Balance at December 31, 2019 Issuance/(forfeiture) of common and restricted shares, net Issuance of common shares through forward sales public offering, net (forward sales agreement) Repurchase of common shares Adjustment for conversion of noncontrolling interest of unitholders in the Operating Partnership Adjustment for conversion of noncontrolling interest of unitholders in the DownREIT Partnership Conversion of Series E Cumulative Convertible shares Forfeiture of Series F shares Balance at December 31, 2020 Common Stock Common Stock 267,822 47 772 7,150 (593) Preferred Stock Series E Series F 2,781 — — — — 15,852 — — — — 11 — — 337 — 275,546 50 7,500 6,988 1,339 — — 2,781 — — — — — (50) 15,802 — — — — 1,969 — — 1,196 — 294,588 104 2,121 (597) 3 300 93 — 296,612 — — 2,781 — — — — — (86) — 2,695 — (1,111) 14,691 — — — — — — (250) 14,441 The Company has an equity distribution agreement which allows it from time to time, through its sales agents, to offer and sell up to 20.0 million shares of its common stock. Sales of such shares will be made by means of ordinary brokers’ transactions on the NYSE at market prices. In July 2017, the Company updated its equity distribution agreement to also permit the entry into separate forward sales agreements to or through its forward purchasers. As of December 31, 2020, 9.6 million shares were available for sale under the continuous equity program. During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company entered into the following equity transactions for our common stock: ● Issued 2.1 million shares of common stock through a forward sales agreement under the Company’s ATM program at a forward price per share of $48.23, for aggregate net proceeds of approximately $102.2 million after deducting related expenses; ● Repurchased 0.6 million shares of common stock at a weighted average price per share of $33.11, for total consideration of approximately $19.8 million F - 40 Table of Contents UDR, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued) DECEMBER 31, 2020 ● Issued 0.1 million shares of common stock through the Company’s 1999 Long-Term Incentive Plan (the “LTIP”); ● Issued 0.3 million shares of common stock upon redemption of DownREIT Units, resulting in the forfeiture of 0.3 million Series F Preferred shares; and ● Converted 0.1 million Series E Cumulative Convertible shares into 0.1 million shares of common stock. Distributions are subject to the approval of the Board of Directors and are dependent upon our strategy, financial condition and operating results. UDR’s common distributions for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019, and 2018 totaled $1.44, $1.37, and $1.29 per share, respectively. Preferred Stock The Series E Cumulative Convertible Preferred Stock (“Series E”) has no stated par value and a liquidation preference of $16.61 per share. Subject to certain adjustments and conditions, each share of the Series E is convertible at any time at the holder’s option into one share of our common stock prior to a “Special Dividend” declared in 2008 (1.083 shares after the Special Dividend). The holders of the Series E are entitled to vote on an as-converted basis as a single class in combination with the holders of common stock at any meeting of our stockholders for the election of directors or for any other purpose on which the holders of common stock are entitled to vote. The Series E has no stated maturity and is not subject to any sinking fund or any mandatory redemption. Distributions declared on the Series E for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019, and 2018 were $1.56, $1.48, and $1.40 per share, respectively. The Series E is not listed on any exchange. At December 31, 2020 and 2019, a total of 2,695,363 and 2,780,994, respectively, shares of the Series E were outstanding. UDR is authorized to issue up to 20.0 million shares of the Series F Preferred Stock (“Series F”). The Series F may be purchased by holders of OP Units and DownREIT Units, at a purchase price of $0.0001 per share. OP/DownREIT Unitholders are entitled to subscribe for and purchase one share of UDR’s Series F for each OP/DownREIT Unit held. During the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, 0.3 million and 1.1 million of the Series F shares were forfeited upon the conversion of OP Units and DownREIT Units into Company common stock, respectively. At December 31, 2020 and 2019, a total of 14.4 million and 14.7 million shares, respectively, of the Series F were outstanding with an aggregate purchase value of $1,444 and $1,469, respectively. Holders of the Series F are entitled to one vote for each share of the Series F they hold, voting together with the holders of our common stock, on each matter submitted to a vote of security holders at a meeting of our stockholders. The Series F does not entitle its holders to dividends or any other rights, privileges or preferences. Distribution Reinvestment and Stock Purchase Plan UDR’s Distribution Reinvestment and Stock Purchase Plan (the “Stock Purchase Plan”) allows common and preferred stockholders the opportunity to purchase, through the reinvestment of cash dividends and by making additional cash payments, additional shares of UDR’s common stock. From inception through December 31, 2008, shareholders have elected to utilize the Stock Purchase Plan to reinvest their distribution for the equivalent of 10.0 million shares of Company common stock. Shares in the amount of 11.0 million were reserved for issuance under the Stock Purchase Plan as of December 31, 2020. During the year ended December 31, 2020, UDR acquired all shares issued through the open market. 10. EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS In May 2001, the stockholders of UDR approved the long term incentive plan (“LTIP”), which supersedes the 1985 Stock Option Plan. The LTIP authorizes the granting of awards which may take the form of options to purchase shares of common stock, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, dividend equivalents, other stock-based awards, and any other right or interest relating to common stock or cash incentive awards to Company directors, employees and F - 41 Table of Contents UDR, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued) DECEMBER 31, 2020 outside trustees to promote the success of the Company by linking individual’s compensation via grants of share based payment. During the year ended December 31, 2015, the LTIP was amended to set forth the terms of new classes of partnership interests in the Operating Partnership designated as LTIP Units. LTIP Units are designed to qualify as “profits interests” in the Operating Partnership for federal income tax purposes, meaning that initially they are not economically equivalent in value to a share of our common stock, but over time can increase in value to one-for-one parity with common stock by operation of special tax rules applicable to profits interests. Until and unless such parity is reached, the value that an executive will realize for a given number of vested LTIP units is less than the value of an equal number of shares of our common stock. As of December 31, 2020, 19.0 million shares were reserved on an unadjusted basis for issuance upon the grant or exercise of awards under the LTIP. As of December 31, 2020, there were 5.6 million common shares available for issuance under the LTIP. The LTIP contains change of control provisions allowing for the immediate vesting of an award upon certain events such as a merger where UDR is not the surviving entity. Upon the death or disability of an award recipient all outstanding instruments will vest and all restrictions will lapse. The LTIP specifies that in the event of a capital transaction, which includes but is not limited to stock dividends, stock splits, extraordinary cash dividends and spin-offs, the number of shares available for grant in totality or to a single individual is to be adjusted proportionately. The LTIP specifies that when a capital transaction occurs that would dilute the holder of the stock award, prior grants are to be adjusted such that the recipient is no worse as a result of the capital transaction. A summary of UDR’s LTIP Units and restricted stock activities during the year ended December 31, 2020 is as follows (shares in thousands): LTIP Units Restricted Stock Weighted Balance, December 31, 2019 Granted Vested Forfeited Balance, December 31, 2020 Weighted Average Fair Value Per LTIP Unit $ 37.77 42.64 39.29 — 41.58 Average Fair Value Per Restricted Stock $ $ 37.29 44.16 36.74 45.68 42.31 Number of shares 248 188 (174) (25) 237 Number of LTIP Units 858 641 (772) — $ 727 As of December 31, 2020, the Company had granted 6.5 million shares of restricted stock and 3.5 million LTIP Units under the LTIP. Stock Option Plan The Company has no unexercised stock options outstanding and no remaining compensation expense related to unvested stock options as of December 31, 2020. During the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019, and 2018, respectively, we did not recognize any net compensation expense related to outstanding stock options. Restricted Stock Awards Restricted stock awards are granted to Company employees, officers, and directors. The restricted stock awards are valued based upon the closing sales price of UDR common stock on the date of grant. Compensation expense is recorded under the straight-line method over the vesting period, which is generally three to four years. Restricted stock awards earn dividends payable in cash. Some of the restricted stock grants are based on the Company’s performance and are subject to adjustment during the initial one year performance period. For the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019, and 2018, we recognized $5.3 million, $4.8 million, and $4.3 million of compensation expense, net of capitalization, F - 42 Table of Contents UDR, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued) DECEMBER 31, 2020 related to the amortization of restricted stock awards, respectively. The total remaining compensation cost on unvested restricted stock awards was $2.4 million and had a weighted average remaining contractual life of 2.4 years as of December 31, 2020. Short-Term Incentive Compensation In January 2020, certain officers of the Company were awarded a STI Unit grant under the 2020 Long-Term Incentive Program (“2020 LTI”). The STI Unit awards represent short-term incentive compensation for the officers and were valued for compensation expense purposes based upon the closing sales price of UDR common stock on the date of grant in accordance with ASC 718, Compensation - Stock Compensation, or $40.77 per unit, inclusive of a discount due to uncertainty associated with the STI Unit reaching parity with the value of a share of UDR common stock. Compensation expense is recorded under the straight-line method over the vesting period, which is one year. The STI Unit awards are primarily based on the Company’s performance and are subject to adjustment based on performance against predefined metrics during the one-year performance period. For the year ended December 31, 2020, we recognized $3.1 million of compensation expense, net of capitalization, related to the amortization of STI Unit awards. As the STI Unit awards vest over a one-year period, there was no remaining unrecognized compensation expense as of December 31, 2020. In January 2019, certain officers of the Company were awarded a STI Unit grant under the 2019 Long-Term Incentive Program (“2019 LTI”). The STI Unit awards represent short-term incentive compensation for the officers and were valued for compensation expense purposes based upon the closing sales price of UDR common stock on the date of grant in accordance with ASC 718, Compensation - Stock Compensation, or $33.40 per unit, inclusive of a discount due to uncertainty associated with the STI Unit reaching parity with the value of a share of UDR common stock. Compensation expense is recorded under the straight-line method over the vesting period, which is one year. The STI Unit awards are primarily based on the Company’s performance and are subject to adjustment based on performance against predefined metrics during the one-year performance period. For the year ended December 31, 2019, we recognized $7.2 million of compensation expense, net of capitalization, related to the amortization of STI Unit awards. As the STI Unit awards vest over a one-year period, there was no remaining unrecognized compensation expense as of December 31, 2019. Long-Term Incentive Compensation In January 2020, certain officers of the Company were awarded either a restricted stock grant or an LTIP Unit grant, or a combination of both, under the 2020 LTI. For both restricted stock grants and LTIP Unit grants, thirty percent of the 2020 LTI award is based upon FFO as Adjusted over a two-year period and will vest fifty percent on the two-year anniversary and fifty percent on the three-year anniversary. Fifteen percent of the 2020 LTI award is based upon relative FFO as Adjusted over a three-year period and will vest 100% at the end of the three-year performance period. The remaining fifty-five percent of the 2020 LTI award is based on Total Shareholder Return (“TSR”) as measured relative to comparable apartment REITs over a three- year period and as measured relative to the Nareit Equity REITs Total Return Index over a three-year period whereby both will vest 100% at the end of the three-year performance periods. The portion of the restricted stock grant based upon FFO as Adjusted was valued for compensation expense purposes based upon the closing sales price of UDR common stock on the date of grant or $46.12 per share. Because LTIP Units are granted at the maximum potential payout and there is uncertainty associated with an LTIP Unit reaching parity with the value of a share of UDR common stock, the portion of the LTIP Unit grant based upon the two-year FFO as Adjusted was valued for compensation expense purposes at $21.24 per unit on the grant date, inclusive of a 7.9% discount, and the portion of the LTIP Unit grant based upon the three-year FFO as Adjusted was valued for compensation expense purposes at $22.23 per unit on the grant date, inclusive of a 3.6% discount. The portion of the restricted stock grant based upon relative TSR was valued for compensation expense purposes at $53.94 per share for the comparable apartment REITs component and $49.35 per share for the Nareit Equity REITs Total Return Index component on the grant date as determined by a lattice-binomial option-pricing model based on a Monte Carlo simulation using a volatility factor of 16.0%. The portion of the LTIP Unit grant based upon relative TSR was valued for compensation expense purposes at $26.18 per unit, inclusive of a 3.6% discount, for the comparable apartment REITs component and $23.98 per unit, inclusive of a 3.6% discount, for the Nareit Equity REITs Total Return Index component on the grant date as determined by a lattice-binomial option-pricing model based on a Monte Carlo simulation using a volatility factor of 16.0%. F - 43 Table of Contents UDR, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued) DECEMBER 31, 2020 In January 2019, certain officers of the Company were awarded either a restricted stock grant or an LTIP Unit grant, or a combination of both, under the 2019 LTI. For both restricted stock grants and LTIP Unit grants, thirty percent of the 2019 LTI award is based upon FFO as Adjusted over a one-year period and will vest fifty percent on the one-year anniversary and fifty percent on the two-year anniversary. Fifteen percent of the 2019 LTI award is based upon relative FFO as Adjusted over a three-year period and will vest 100% at the end of the three-year performance period. The remaining fifty-five percent of the 2019 LTI award is based on Total Shareholder Return (“TSR”) as measured relative to comparable apartment REITs over a three- year period and as measured relative to the Nareit Equity REITs Total Return Index over a three-year period whereby both will vest 100% at the end of the three-year performance periods. The portion of the restricted stock grant based upon FFO as Adjusted was valued for compensation expense purposes based upon the closing sales price of UDR common stock on the date of grant or $38.39 per share. Because LTIP Units are granted at the maximum potential payout and there is uncertainty associated with an LTIP Unit reaching parity with the value of a share of UDR common stock, the portion of the LTIP Unit grant based upon the one-year FFO as Adjusted was valued for compensation expense purposes at $17.47 per unit on the grant date, inclusive of a 9% discount, and the portion of the LTIP Unit grant based upon the three-year FFO as Adjusted was valued for compensation expense purposes at $18.24 per unit on the grant date, inclusive of a 5% discount. The portion of the restricted stock grant based upon relative TSR was valued for compensation expense purposes at $43.63 per share for the comparable apartment REITs component and $43.42 per share for the Nareit Equity REITs Total Return Index component on the grant date as determined by a lattice-binomial option-pricing model based on a Monte Carlo simulation using a volatility factor of 21.0%. The portion of the LTIP Unit grant based upon relative TSR was valued for compensation expense purposes at $20.89 per unit, inclusive of a 5% discount, for the comparable apartment REITs component and $20.79 per unit, inclusive of a 5% discount, for the Nareit Equity REITs Total Return Index component on the grant date as determined by a lattice-binomial option-pricing model based on a Monte Carlo simulation using a volatility factor of 21.0%. In January 2018, certain officers of the Company were awarded either a restricted stock grant or an LTIP Unit grant, or a combination of both, under the 2018 Long-Term Incentive Program (“2018 LTI”). For both restricted stock grants and LTIP Unit grants, thirty percent of the 2018 LTI award is based upon FFO as Adjusted over a one-year period and will vest fifty percent on the one-year anniversary and fifty percent on the two-year anniversary. Fifteen percent of the 2018 LTI award is based upon relative FFO as Adjusted over a three-year period and will vest 100% at the end of the three-year performance period. The remaining fifty-five percent of the 2018 LTI award is based on Total Shareholder Return (“TSR”) as measured relative to comparable apartment REITs over a three-year period and as measured relative to the Nareit Equity REITs Total Return Index over a three-year period whereby both will vest 100% at the end of the three-year performance periods. The portion of the restricted stock grant based upon FFO as Adjusted was valued for compensation expense purposes based upon the closing sales price of UDR common stock on the date of grant or $38.06 per share. Because LTIP Units are granted at the maximum potential payout and there is uncertainty associated with an LTIP Unit reaching parity with the value of a share of UDR common stock, the portion of the LTIP Unit grant based upon the one-year FFO as Adjusted was valued for compensation expense purposes at $17.13 per unit on the grant date, inclusive of a 10% discount, and the portion of the LTIP Unit grant based upon the three-year FFO as Adjusted was valued for compensation expense purposes at $18.08 per unit on the grant date, inclusive of a 5% discount. The portion of the restricted stock grant based upon relative TSR was valued for compensation expense purposes at $42.18 per share for the comparable apartment REITs component and $40.49 per share for the Nareit Equity REITs Total Return Index component on the grant date as determined by a lattice-binomial option-pricing model based on a Monte Carlo simulation using a volatility factor of 17.0%. The portion of the LTIP Unit grant based upon relative TSR was valued for compensation expense purposes at $20.12 per unit, inclusive of a 5% discount, for the comparable apartment REITs component and $19.35 per unit, inclusive of a 5% discount, for the Nareit Equity REITs Total Return Index component on the grant date as determined by a lattice-binomial option-pricing model based on a Monte Carlo simulation using a volatility factor of 17.0%. For the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019, and 2018, we recognized $10.2 million, $12.4 million and $9.9 million, respectively, of compensation expense, net of capitalization, related to the amortization of the awards. The total remaining compensation cost on unvested LTI awards was $9.8 million and had a weighted average remaining contractual life of 1.6 years as of December 31, 2020. Profit Sharing Plan Our profit sharing plan (the “Plan”) is a defined contribution plan covering all eligible full-time employees. Under the Plan, UDR makes discretionary profit sharing and matching contributions to the Plan as determined by the F - 44 Table of Contents UDR, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued) DECEMBER 31, 2020 Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors. Aggregate provisions for contributions, both matching and discretionary, which are included in General and administrative on UDR’s Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019, and 2018, was $1.5 million, $1.2 million, and $1.3 million, respectively. 11. INCOME TAXES For 2020, 2019, and 2018, UDR believes that we have complied with the REIT requirements specified in the Code. As such, the REIT would generally not be subject to federal income taxes. For income tax purposes, distributions paid to common stockholders may consist of ordinary income, qualified dividends, capital gains, unrecaptured section 1250 gains, return of capital, or a combination thereof. Distributions that exceed our current and accumulated earnings and profits constitute a return of capital rather than taxable income and reduce the stockholder’s basis in their common shares. To the extent that a distribution exceeds both current and accumulated earnings and profits and the stockholder’s basis in the common shares, it generally will be treated as a gain from the sale or exchange of that stockholder’s common shares. Taxable distributions paid per common share were taxable as follows for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018 (unaudited): Ordinary income Qualified ordinary income Long-term capital gain Unrecaptured section 1250 gain Nondividend distributions Total $ $ Year Ended December 31, 2019 0.981 $ 0.004 0.021 0.063 0.281 1.350 2020 1.032 $ 0.004 0.298 0.089 — 1.423 $ $ 2018 0.774 0.006 0.058 0.233 0.207 1.278 We have a TRS that is subject to federal and state income taxes. A TRS is a C-corporation which has not elected REIT status and as such is subject to United States federal and state income tax. The components of the provision for income taxes are as follows for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019, and 2018 (dollars in thousands): Year Ended December 31, 2019 2018 2020 Income tax (benefit)/provision Current Federal State Total current Deferred Federal State Investment tax credit Total deferred Total income tax (benefit)/provision $ $ (148) 1,374 1,226 894 451 (26) 1,319 2,545 $ $ 1,466 735 2,201 1,266 371 — 1,637 3,838 $ $ 220 396 616 66 6 — 72 688 Deferred income taxes are provided for the change in temporary differences between the basis of certain assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and income tax reporting purposes. The expected future tax rates are based F - 45 Table of Contents UDR, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued) DECEMBER 31, 2020 upon enacted tax laws. The components of our TRS deferred tax assets and liabilities are as follows for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019, and 2018 (dollars in thousands): Year Ended December 31, 2019 2018 2020 Deferred tax assets: Federal and state tax attributes Other Total deferred tax assets Valuation allowance Net deferred tax assets Deferred tax liabilities: Book/tax depreciation and basis Other investment ventures Other Total deferred tax liabilities Net deferred tax assets/(liabilities) $ $ 6 147 153 (23) 130 22 87 109 (19) 90 (638) (2,665) (67) (3,370) $ (3,240) (367) (1,291) (67) (1,725) $ (1,635) $ $ 28 70 98 (16) 82 — (17) (67) (84) (2) Income tax provision/(benefit), net from our TRS differed from the amounts computed by applying the U.S. statutory rate of 21% to pretax income/(loss) for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019, and 2018 as follows (dollars in thousands): Year Ended December 31, 2019 2018 2020 Income tax provision/(benefit) U.S. federal income tax provision/(benefit) State income tax provision Other items Solar credit amortization ITC basis adjustment Valuation allowance Total income tax provision/(benefit) $ $ 1,240 1,434 (165) (26) 58 4 2,545 $ $ 2,905 1,013 (139) — 56 3 3,838 $ $ 321 527 (167) — — 7 688 As of December 31, 2020, the Company had federal net operating loss carryovers (“NOL”) of $27.1 million expiring in 2032 through 2035 and state NOLs of $66.8 million expiring in 2021 through 2032. A portion of these attributes are still available to the subsidiary REITs, but are carried at a zero effective tax rate. The Company’s Tax benefit/(provision), net was $(2.5) million, $(3.8) million and $(0.7) million for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The decrease of $1.3 million was primarily attributable to a $2.0 million tax on a promoted interest in 2019 and offset by an increase in state tax of $0.4 million due to the California net operating loss suspension. GAAP defines a recognition threshold and measurement attribute for the financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. The financial statements reflect expected future tax consequences of income tax positions presuming the taxing authorities’ full knowledge of the tax position and all relevant facts, but without considering time values. GAAP also provides guidance on derecognition, classification, interest and penalties, accounting for interim periods, disclosure and transition. The Company evaluates our tax position using a two-step process. First, we determine whether a tax position is more likely than not (greater than 50 percent probability) to be sustained upon examination, including resolution of any related appeals or litigation processes, based on the technical merits of the position. The Company will then determine the amount of benefit to recognize and record the amount of the benefit that is more likely than not to be realized upon ultimate settlement. As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, UDR has no material unrecognized income tax benefits/(provisions), net. F - 46 Table of Contents UDR, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued) DECEMBER 31, 2020 The Company files income tax returns in federal and various state and local jurisdictions. The tax years 2017 through 2019 remain open to examination by the major taxing jurisdictions to which the Company is subject. 12. NONCONTROLLING INTERESTS Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests in the Operating Partnership and DownREIT Partnership Interests in the Operating Partnership and the DownREIT Partnership held by limited partners are represented by OP Units and DownREIT Units, respectively. The income is allocated to holders of OP Units/DownREIT Units based upon net income attributable to common stockholders and the weighted average number of OP Units/DownREIT Units outstanding to total common shares plus OP Units/DownREIT Units outstanding during the period. Capital contributions, distributions, and profits and losses are allocated to noncontrolling interests in accordance with the terms of the partnership agreements of the Operating Partnership and the DownREIT Partnership. Limited partners of the Operating Partnership and the DownREIT Partnership have the right to require such partnership to redeem all or a portion of the OP Units/DownREIT Units held by the limited partner at a redemption price equal to and in the form of the Cash Amount (as defined in the partnership agreement of the Operating Partnership or the DownREIT Partnership, as applicable), provided that such OP Units/DownREIT Units have been outstanding for at least one year, subject to certain exceptions. UDR, as the general partner of the Operating Partnership and the DownREIT Partnership may, in its sole discretion, purchase the OP Units/DownREIT Units by paying to the limited partner either the Cash Amount or the REIT Share Amount (generally one share of common stock of the Company for each OP Unit/DownREIT Unit), as defined in the partnership agreement of the Operating Partnership or the DownREIT Partnership, as applicable. Accordingly, the Company records the OP Units/DownREIT Units outside of permanent equity and reports the OP Units/DownREIT Units at their redemption value using the Company’s stock price at each balance sheet date. The following table sets forth redeemable noncontrolling interests in the Operating Partnership and DownREIT Partnership for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 (dollars in thousands): Year Ended December 31, 2020 2019 Redeemable noncontrolling interests in the Operating Partnership and DownREIT Partnership, beginning of year $ 1,018,665 $ 972,740 Mark-to-market adjustment to redeemable noncontrolling interests in the Operating Partnership and DownREIT Partnership Conversion of OP Units/DownREIT Units to Common Stock Net income/(loss) attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests in the Operating Partnership and DownREIT Partnership Distributions to redeemable noncontrolling interests in the Operating Partnership and DownREIT Partnership Vesting of Long-Term Incentive Plan Units Allocation of other comprehensive income/(loss) Redeemable noncontrolling interests in the Operating Partnership and DownREIT Partnership, end of year (143,741) (12,666) 183,884 (134,031) 4,543 14,426 (34,149) 23,501 141 (32,270) 14,742 (826) $ 856,294 $ 1,018,665 Noncontrolling Interests Noncontrolling interests represent interests of unrelated partners and unvested LTIP Units in certain consolidated affiliates, and are presented as part of equity on the Consolidated Balance Sheets since these interests are not redeemable. Net (income)/loss attributable to noncontrolling interests was $(0.2) million, $(0.2) million, and $(0.2) million during the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019, and 2018, respectively. The Company grants LTIP Units to certain employees and non-employee directors. The LTIP Units represent an ownership interest in the Operating Partnership and have vesting terms of between one and three years, specific to the individual grants. F - 47 Table of Contents UDR, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued) DECEMBER 31, 2020 Noncontrolling interests related to long-term incentive plan units represent the unvested LTIP Units of these employees and non-employee directors in the Operating Partnership. The net income/(loss) allocated to the unvested LTIP Units are included in Net (income)/loss attributable to noncontrolling interests on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. 13. FAIR VALUE OF DERIVATIVES AND FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS Fair value is based on the price that would be received to sell an asset or the exit price that would be paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. A three-level valuation hierarchy prioritizes observable and unobservable inputs used to measure fair value. The fair value hierarchy consists of three broad levels, which are described below: ● Level 1 — Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the entity has the ability to access. ● Level 2 — Observable inputs other than prices included in Level 1, such as quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar assets and liabilities in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated with observable market data. ● Level 3 — Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets and liabilities. This includes certain pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies and similar techniques that use significant unobservable inputs. The estimated fair values of the Company’s financial instruments either recorded or disclosed on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2020 and 2019 are summarized as follows (dollars in thousands): Total Carrying Amount in Statement of Financial Position at December 31, 2020 (a) Fair Value Estimate at December 31, 2020 Fair Value at December 31, 2020, Using Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets or Liabilities (Level 1) Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) Description: Notes receivable, net (b) Derivatives - Interest rate contracts (b) Total assets Derivatives - Interest rate contracts (c) Secured debt instruments - fixed rate: (d) Mortgage notes payable Secured debt instruments - variable rate: (d) Tax-exempt secured notes payable Unsecured debt instruments: (d) Working capital credit facility Commercial paper program Unsecured notes Total liabilities Redeemable noncontrolling interests in the Operating Partnership and DownREIT Partnership (e) $ $ $ 157,992 2 157,994 167 $ $ $ 170,411 2 170,413 167 837,473 854,084 27,000 27,000 28,024 190,000 3,922,314 $ 5,004,978 28,024 190,000 4,283,045 $ 5,382,320 $ $ $ $ — $ — — $ — $ 2 2 $ 170,411 — 170,411 — $ 167 $ — — — 854,084 — — 27,000 — — — — $ — — — 167 28,024 190,000 4,283,045 $ 5,382,153 $ 856,294 $ 856,294 $ — $ 856,294 $ — F - 48 Table of Contents UDR, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued) DECEMBER 31, 2020 Fair Value at December 31, 2019, Using Total Carrying Amount in Statement of Financial Position at December 31, 2019 (a) Fair Value Estimate at December 31, 2019 Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets or Liabilities (Level 1) Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) $ $ $ $ $ $ 153,650 6 153,656 142 906,228 218,490 160,197 6 160,203 142 898,329 213,661 27,000 27,000 16,583 300,000 3,263,152 $ 4,731,595 16,583 300,000 3,397,622 $ 4,853,337 $ $ $ $ — $ — — $ — $ 6 6 $ 160,197 — 160,197 — $ 142 $ — — — — — — — — $ — — 898,329 213,661 — 27,000 — — — 142 16,583 300,000 3,397,622 $ 4,853,195 $ 1,018,665 $ 1,018,665 $ — $ 1,018,665 $ — Description: Notes receivable, net (b) Derivatives - Interest rate contracts (c) Total assets Derivatives - Interest rate contracts (c) Secured debt instruments - fixed rate: (d) Mortgage notes payable Credit facilities Secured debt instruments - variable rate: (d) Tax-exempt secured notes payable Unsecured debt instruments: (d) Working capital credit facility Commercial paper program Unsecured notes Total liabilities Redeemable noncontrolling interests in the Operating Partnership and DownREIT Partnership (e) (a) Balances include fair market value adjustments and exclude deferred financing costs. (b) See Note 2, Significant Accounting Policies. (c) See Note 14, Derivatives and Hedging Activity. (d) See Note 7, Secured and Unsecured Debt, Net. (e) See Note 12, Noncontrolling Interests. There were no transfers into or out of any of the levels of the fair value hierarchy during the year ended December 31, 2020. Financial Instruments Carried at Fair Value The fair values of interest rate swaps are determined using the market standard methodology of netting the discounted future fixed cash receipts (or payments) and the discounted expected variable cash payments (or receipts). The variable cash payments (or receipts) are based on an expectation of future interest rates (forward curves) derived from observable market interest rate curves. The fair values of interest rate swaps and caps are determined using the market standard methodology of discounting the future expected cash receipts that would occur if variable interest rates rise above the strike rate of the caps. The variable interest rates used in the calculation of projected receipts on the cap are based on an expectation of future interest rates derived from observable market interest rate curves and volatilities. The Company incorporates credit valuation adjustments to appropriately reflect both its own nonperformance risk and the respective counterparty’s nonperformance risk in the fair value measurements. In adjusting the fair value of its derivative contracts for the effect of nonperformance risk, the Company has considered the impact of netting and any applicable credit enhancements, such as collateral postings, thresholds, mutual puts, and guarantees. F - 49 Table of Contents UDR, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued) DECEMBER 31, 2020 Although the Company has determined that the majority of the inputs used to value its derivatives fall within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy, the credit valuation adjustments associated with its derivatives utilize Level 3 inputs, such as estimates of current credit spreads to evaluate the likelihood of default by itself and its counterparties. However, as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company has assessed the significance of the impact of the credit valuation adjustments on the overall valuation of its derivative positions and has determined that the credit valuation adjustments are not significant to the overall valuation of its derivatives. As a result, the Company has determined that its derivative valuations in their entirety are classified in Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. In conjunction with the FASB’s fair value measurement guidance, the Company made an accounting policy election to measure the credit risk of its derivative financial instruments that are subject to master netting agreements on a net basis by counterparty portfolio. Redeemable noncontrolling interests in the Operating Partnership and DownREIT Partnership have a redemption feature and are marked to their redemption value. The redemption value is based on the fair value of the Company’s common stock at the redemption date, and therefore, is calculated based on the fair value of the Company’s common stock at the balance sheet date. Since the valuation is based on observable inputs such as quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, redeemable noncontrolling interests in the Operating Partnership and DownREIT Partnership are classified as Level 2. Financial Instruments Not Carried at Fair Value At December 31, 2020, the fair values of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts receivable, prepaids, real estate taxes payable, accrued interest payable, security deposits and prepaid rent, distributions payable and accounts payable approximated their carrying values because of the short term nature of these instruments. The estimated fair values of other financial instruments, which includes notes receivable and debt instruments, are classified in Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy due to the significant unobservable inputs that are utilized in their respective valuations. 14. DERIVATIVES AND HEDGING ACTIVITY Risk Management Objective of Using Derivatives The Company is exposed to certain risks arising from both its business operations and economic conditions. The Company principally manages its exposures to a wide variety of business and operational risks through management of its core business activities. The Company manages economic risks, including interest rate, liquidity, and credit risk, primarily by managing the amount, sources, and duration of its debt funding and through the use of derivative financial instruments. Specifically, the Company may enter into derivative financial instruments to manage exposures that arise from business activities that result in the receipt or payment of future known and uncertain cash amounts, the value of which are determined by interest rates. The Company’s derivative financial instruments are used to manage differences in the amount, timing, and duration of the Company’s known or expected cash receipts and its known or expected cash payments principally related to the Company’s investments and borrowings. Cash Flow Hedges of Interest Rate Risk The Company’s objectives in using interest rate derivatives are to add stability to interest expense and to manage its exposure to interest rate movements. To accomplish this objective, the Company primarily uses interest rate swaps and caps as part of its interest rate risk management strategy. Interest rate swaps designated as cash flow hedges involve the receipt of variable-rate amounts from a counterparty in exchange for the Company making fixed-rate payments over the life of the agreements without exchange of the underlying notional amount. Interest rate caps designated as cash flow hedges involve the receipt of variable-rate amounts from a counterparty if interest rates rise above the strike rate on the contract in exchange for an up-front premium. The changes in the fair value of derivatives designated and that qualify as cash flow hedges are recorded in Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss), net on the Consolidated Balance Sheets and subsequently reclassified into earnings in the period that the hedged forecasted transaction affects earnings. During the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019, and 2018, such derivatives were used to hedge the variable cash flows associated with existing variable-rate debt. F - 50 Table of Contents UDR, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued) DECEMBER 31, 2020 Amounts reported in Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss), net on the Consolidated Balance Sheets related to derivatives that will be reclassified to interest expense as interest payments are made on the Company’s variable-rate debt. Through December 31, 2021, the Company estimates that an additional $1.7 million will be reclassified as an increase to Interest expense. As of December 31, 2020, the Company had the following outstanding interest rate derivatives that were designated as cash flow hedges of interest rate risk (dollars in thousands): Product Interest rate swaps and caps (a) Number of Instruments 2 Notional $ 334,880 (a) In addition to the interest rate swaps summarized above, the Company entered into three additional interest rate swaps with a total notional value of $315.0 million that became effective in January 2021 upon maturity of the $315.0 million notional value interest rate swap summarized above. Derivatives not designated as hedges are not speculative and are used to manage the Company’s exposure to interest rate movements and other identified risks but do not meet the strict hedge accounting requirements of GAAP. Changes in the fair value of derivatives not designated in hedging relationships are recorded directly in earnings. As of December 31, 2020, no derivatives not designated as hedges were held by the Company. Tabular Disclosure of Fair Values of Derivative Instruments on the Consolidated Balance Sheet The table below presents the fair value of the Company’s derivative financial instruments as well as their classification on the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2020 and 2019 (dollars in thousands): Derivatives designated as hedging instruments: Interest rate products Asset Derivatives (included in Other assets) Fair Value at: Liability Derivatives (included in Other liabilities) Fair Value at: December 31, 2020 December 31, 2019 December 31, 2020 December 31, 2019 $ 2 $ 6 $ 167 $ 142 Tabular Disclosure of the Effect of Derivative Instruments on the Consolidated Statements of Operations The tables below present the effect of the Company’s derivative financial instruments on the Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019, and 2018 (dollars in thousands): Derivatives in Cash Flow Hedging Relationships Unrealized holding gain/(loss) Recognized in OCI Gain/(Loss) Reclassified from Accumulated OCI into Interest expense Gain/(Loss) Recognized in Interest expense (Amount Excluded from Effectiveness Testing) 2020 2019 2018 2020 2019 2018 2020 2019 2018 Interest rate products $ (3,382) $ (8,437) $ 4,806 $ (4,827) $ 2,770 $ 1,948 $ — $ — $ — Total amount of Interest expense presented on the Consolidated Statements of Operations $ 202,706 $ 170,917 $ 134,168 The Company did not recognize any gain/(loss) in Interest income and other income/(expense), net related to derivatives not designated during each of the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019, and 2018. Year Ended December 31, 2020 2019 2018 F - 51 Table of Contents UDR, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued) DECEMBER 31, 2020 Credit-risk-related Contingent Features The Company has agreements with its derivative counterparties that contain a provision where the Company could be declared in default on its derivative obligations if repayment of the underlying indebtedness is accelerated by the lender due to the Company’s default on the indebtedness. The Company has certain agreements with some of its derivative counterparties that contain a provision where, in the event of default by the Company or the counterparty, the right of setoff may be exercised. Any amount payable to one party by the other party may be reduced by its setoff against any amounts payable by the other party. Events that give rise to default by either party may include, but are not limited to, the failure to pay or deliver payment under the derivative agreement, the failure to comply with or perform under the derivative agreement, bankruptcy, a merger without assumption of the derivative agreement, or in a merger, a surviving entity’s creditworthiness is materially weaker than the original party to the derivative agreement. Tabular Disclosure of Offsetting Derivatives The Company has elected not to offset derivative positions on the consolidated financial statements. The tables below present the effect on its financial position had the Company made the election to offset its derivative positions as of December 31, 2020 and 2019 (dollars in thousands): Offsetting of Derivative Assets December 31, 2020 December 31, 2019 Net Amounts of Gross Amounts Not Offset Gross Amounts of Recognized Assets Gross Amounts Offset in the Consolidated Balance Sheets Assets Presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheets (a) $ $ 2 6 $ $ — $ — $ 2 6 in the Consolidated Balance Sheet Financial Cash Collateral Instruments Received Net Amount 2 $ — $ — $ $ (3) $ — $ 3 (a) Amounts reconcile to the aggregate fair value of derivative assets in the “Tabular Disclosure of Fair Values of Derivative Instruments on the Consolidated Balance Sheets” located in this footnote. Offsetting of Derivative Liabilities December 31, 2020 December 31, 2019 Gross Amounts of Recognized Liabilities Gross Amounts Offset in the Consolidated Balance Sheets $ $ 167 142 $ $ — $ — $ Net Amounts of Gross Amounts Not Offset Liabilities Presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheets (a) 167 in the Consolidated Balance Sheet Financial Instruments — $ $ Cash Collateral Posted Net Amount 167 — $ 142 $ (3) $ — $ 139 (a) Amounts reconcile to the aggregate fair value of derivative liabilities in the “Tabular Disclosure of Fair Values of Derivative Instruments on the Consolidated Balance Sheets” located in this footnote. F - 52 Table of Contents UDR, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued) DECEMBER 31, 2020 15. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES Commitments Real Estate Commitments The following summarizes the Company’s real estate commitments at December 31, 2020 (dollars in thousands): Wholly-owned — under development Joint ventures: Preferred equity investments Other investments Total Number Properties 5 UDR's Investment (a) UDR's Remaining Commitment $ 247,877 $ 243,623 1 - $ 17,919 (b) 22,870 288,666 $ 2,921 (b) 19,245 265,789 (a) Represents UDR’s investment as of December 31, 2020. (b) Represents UDR’s investment in and remaining commitment for Thousand Oaks, which is under development as of December 31, 2020. Contingencies Litigation and Legal Matters The Company is subject to various legal proceedings and claims arising in the ordinary course of business. The Company cannot determine the ultimate liability with respect to such legal proceedings and claims at this time. The Company believes that such liability, to the extent not provided for through insurance or otherwise, will not have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. 16. REPORTABLE SEGMENTS GAAP guidance requires that segment disclosures present the measure(s) used by the Chief Operating Decision Maker to decide how to allocate resources and for purposes of assessing such segments’ performance. UDR’s Chief Operating Decision Maker is comprised of several members of its executive management team who use several generally accepted industry financial measures to assess the performance of the business for our reportable operating segments. UDR owns and operates multifamily apartment communities that generate rental and other property related income through the leasing of apartment homes to a diverse base of tenants. The primary financial measures for UDR’s apartment communities are rental income and net operating income (“NOI”). Rental income represents gross market rent less adjustments for concessions, vacancy loss and bad debt. NOI is defined as rental income less direct property rental expenses. Rental expenses include real estate taxes, insurance, personnel, utilities, repairs and maintenance, administrative and marketing. Excluded from NOI is property management expense, which is calculated as 2.875% of property revenue, and land rent. Property management expense covers costs directly related to consolidated property operations, inclusive of corporate management, regional supervision, accounting and other costs. UDR’s Chief Operating Decision Maker utilizes NOI as the key measure of segment profit or loss. UDR’s two reportable segments are Same-Store Communities and Non-Mature Communities/Other: ● Same-Store Communities represent those communities acquired, developed, and stabilized prior to January 1, 2019 and held as of December 31, 2020. A comparison of operating results from the prior year is meaningful as these communities were owned and had stabilized occupancy and operating expenses as of the beginning of the prior year, there is no plan to conduct substantial redevelopment activities, and the community is not classified as held for disposition within the current year. A community is considered to have stabilized occupancy once it achieves 90% occupancy for at least three consecutive months. F - 53 Table of Contents UDR, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued) DECEMBER 31, 2020 ● Non-Mature Communities/Other represent those communities that do not meet the criteria to be included in Same- Store Communities, including, but not limited to, recently acquired, developed and redeveloped communities, and the non-apartment components of mixed use properties. Management evaluates the performance of each of our apartment communities on a Same-Store Community and Non- Mature Community/Other basis, as well as individually and geographically. This is consistent with the aggregation criteria under GAAP as each of our apartment communities generally has similar economic characteristics, facilities, services, and tenants. Therefore, the Company’s reportable segments have been aggregated by geography in a manner identical to that which is provided to the Chief Operating Decision Maker. All revenues are from external customers and no single tenant or related group of tenants contributed 10% or more of UDR’s total revenues during the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019, and 2018. The following is a description of the principal streams from which the Company generates its revenue: Lease Revenue Lease revenue related to leases is recognized on an accrual basis when due from residents or tenants in accordance with ASC 842, Leases. Rental payments are generally due on a monthly basis and recognized on a straight-line basis over the noncancellable lease term because collection of the lease payments was probable at lease commencement, inclusive of any periods covered by an option to extend the lease if the lessee is reasonably certain to exercise that option. In addition, in circumstances where a lease incentive is provided to tenants, the incentive is recognized as a reduction of lease revenue on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Lease revenue also includes all pass-through revenue from retail and residential leases and common area maintenance reimbursements from retail leases. These services represent non-lease components in a contract as the Company transfers a service to the lessee other than the right to use the underlying asset. The Company has elected the practical expedient under the leasing standard to not separate lease and non-lease components from its resident and retail lease contracts as the timing and pattern of revenue recognition for the non-lease component and related lease component are the same and the combined single lease component would be classified as an operating lease. Other Revenue Other revenue is generated by services provided by the Company to its retail and residential tenants and other unrelated third parties. Revenue is measured based on consideration specified in contracts with customers. The Company recognizes revenue when it satisfies a performance obligation by providing the services specified in a contract to the customer. These fees are generally recognized as earned. Joint venture management and other fees The Joint venture management and other fees revenue consists of management fees charged to our equity method joint ventures per the terms of contractual agreements and other fees. Joint venture fee revenue is recognized monthly as the management services are provided and the fees are earned or upon a transaction whereby the Company earns a fee. Joint venture management and other fees are not allocable to a specific reportable segment or segments. The following table details rental income and NOI for UDR’s reportable segments for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019, and 2018, and reconciles NOI to Net income/(loss) attributable to UDR, Inc. on the Consolidated Statements of Operations (dollars in thousands): F - 54 Table of Contents UDR, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued) DECEMBER 31, 2020 Reportable apartment home segment lease revenue Same-Store Communities (a) West Region Mid-Atlantic Region Northeast Region Southeast Region Southwest Region Non-Mature Communities/Other Total segment and consolidated lease revenue Reportable apartment home segment other revenue Same-Store Communities (a) West Region Mid-Atlantic Region Northeast Region Southeast Region Southwest Region Non-Mature Communities/Other Total segment and consolidated other revenue Total reportable apartment home segment rental income Same-Store Communities (a) West Region Mid-Atlantic Region Northeast Region Southeast Region Southwest Region Non-Mature Communities/Other Total segment and consolidated rental income Reportable apartment home segment NOI Same-Store Communities (a) West Region Mid-Atlantic Region Northeast Region Southeast Region Southwest Region Non-Mature Communities/Other Total segment and consolidated NOI Reconciling items: Joint venture management and other fees Property management Other operating expenses Real estate depreciation and amortization General and administrative Casualty-related (charges)/recoveries, net Other depreciation and amortization Gain/(loss) on sale of real estate owned Income/(loss) from unconsolidated entities Interest expense Interest income and other income/(expense), net Tax (provision)/benefit, net Net (income)/loss attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests in the Operating Partnership and DownREIT Partnership Net (income)/loss attributable to noncontrolling interests Net income/(loss) attributable to UDR, Inc. (a) Same-Store Community population consisted of 37,607 apartment homes. F - 55 Year Ended December 31, 2019 2020 2018 $ 385,959 211,633 108,073 123,993 65,713 302,920 $ 1,198,291 $ 402,901 211,401 122,008 120,289 64,970 180,668 $ 1,102,237 $ 387,215 205,324 119,540 116,011 63,287 111,272 $ 1,002,649 $ $ 11,803 6,329 2,697 5,395 2,543 9,038 37,805 $ $ 12,339 7,216 2,760 6,444 2,793 4,349 35,901 $ $ 10,738 6,357 2,623 6,223 2,664 3,851 32,456 $ 397,762 217,962 110,770 129,388 68,256 311,958 $ 1,236,096 $ 415,240 218,617 124,768 126,733 67,763 185,017 $ 1,138,138 $ 397,953 211,681 122,163 122,234 65,951 115,123 $ 1,035,105 $ $ 295,065 152,131 65,553 88,518 42,931 209,504 853,702 5,069 (35,538) (22,762) (608,616) (49,885) (2,131) (10,013) 119,277 18,844 (202,706) 6,274 (2,545) 315,812 154,082 83,832 88,467 42,210 123,900 808,303 14,055 (32,721) (13,932) (501,257) (51,533) (474) (6,666) 5,282 137,873 (170,917) 15,404 (3,838) $ 300,745 148,057 84,059 85,219 39,631 74,404 732,115 11,754 (28,465) (12,100) (429,006) (46,983) (2,121) (6,673) 136,197 (5,055) (134,168) 6,735 (688) (4,543) (161) 64,266 $ (14,426) (188) 184,965 $ (18,215) (221) 203,106 $ Table of Contents UDR, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued) DECEMBER 31, 2020 The following table details the assets of UDR’s reportable segments as of December 31, 2020 and 2019 (dollars in thousands): Reportable apartment home segment assets: Same-Store Communities (a): West Region Mid-Atlantic Region Northeast Region Southeast Region Southwest Region Non-Mature Communities/Other Total segment assets Accumulated depreciation Total segment assets — net book value Reconciling items: Cash and cash equivalents Restricted cash Notes receivable, net Investment in and advances to unconsolidated joint ventures, net Operating lease right-of-use assets Other assets Total consolidated assets (a) Same-Store Community population consisted of 37,607 apartment homes. Markets included in the above geographic segments are as follows: December 31, December 31, 2020 2019 $ $ 3,732,329 2,255,449 1,507,878 827,683 614,647 4,133,486 13,071,472 (4,605,366) 8,466,106 1,409 22,762 157,992 600,233 200,913 188,118 9,637,533 $ $ 3,696,544 2,222,405 1,500,597 806,830 600,350 3,775,375 12,602,101 (4,131,353) 8,470,748 8,106 25,185 153,650 588,262 204,225 186,296 9,636,472 i. West Region — Orange County, San Francisco, Seattle, Monterey Peninsula, Los Angeles, Other Southern California and Portland ii. Mid-Atlantic Region — Metropolitan D.C., Baltimore and Richmond iii. iv. v. Northeast Region — Boston and New York Southeast Region — Tampa, Orlando, Nashville and Other Florida Southwest Region — Dallas, Austin and Denver (1) F - 56 Table of Contents [This page is intentionally left blank.] F - 57 Table of Contents Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm The Partners United Dominion Realty, L.P. Opinion on the Financial Statements We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of United Dominion Realty, L.P. (the Partnership) as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income/(loss), changes in capital and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2020, and the related notes and the financial statement schedule listed in the accompanying Index at Item 15(a) (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Partnership at December 31, 2020 and 2019, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2020, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. Basis for Opinion These financial statements are the responsibility of the Partnership's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Partnership’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Partnership in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB. We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Partnership is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Partnership's internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion. Critical Audit Matters The critical audit matters communicated below are matters arising from the current period audit of the financial statements that were communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relate to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matters below, providing separate opinions on the critical audit matters or on the accounts or disclosures to which they relate. F - 58 Table of Contents Description of the Matter Indicators of Impairment of Real Estate Owned and Investment in Unconsolidated Entities At December 31, 2020, the Partnership’s real estate owned, net and investment in unconsolidated entities were approximately $2.2 billion and $51.3 million, respectively. As more fully described in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements, the Partnership periodically evaluates these assets for indicators of impairment, and this includes, among other things, judgments based on factors such as operational performance, market conditions, the Partnership’s intent and ability to hold each asset, as well as any significant cost overruns on development or redevelopment communities. During 2020, the Partnership did not recognize an impairment related to real estate owned, net or any other than temporary impairments related to its investment in unconsolidated entities. Auditing the Partnership’s evaluation for indicators of impairment was complex due to a high degree of subjectivity in the identification of events or changes in circumstances that may indicate an impairment of its real estate owned or that the value of its investment in unconsolidated entities may be other than temporarily impaired. Differences or changes in these judgments could have a material impact on the Partnership’s analysis. How We Addressed the Matter in Our Audit We tested the Partnership’s internal controls over the asset impairment evaluation process. This included testing controls over management’s determination and review of the considerations used in the impairment indicator analysis. Our procedures with regards to the Partnership’s evaluation for indicators of impairment included, among others, testing the completeness and accuracy of management’s impairment analysis and evaluating management’s judgments determining whether indicators of impairment were present. For example, we performed inquires of management, considered historical operating results and the current market conditions, performed an independent assessment using both internally and externally available information, read the minutes of the meetings of the Board of Directors, and reviewed the Partnership’s development and redevelopment costs. Accounting for acquisitions of real estate investment properties Description of the Matter How We Addressed the Matter in Our Audit During 2020, the Partnership acquired real estate investment properties. These transactions were accounted for as asset acquisitions. The aggregate increase in real estate and other assets due to these acquisitions was approximately $251.1 million. As more fully described in Note 3 to the consolidated financial statements, the total consideration was allocated to land, land improvements, buildings and improvements, and real estate intangible assets based on their relative fair value. Auditing the Partnership’s acquisition of real estate investment properties is complex and requires a higher degree of auditor judgment due to the significant assumptions that are utilized in the determination of the relative fair values of the assets acquired. The significant assumptions used in management’s analysis to estimate the fair value of these components includes capitalization rates, market comparable prices for similar land parcels, market rental rates, leasing commission rates as well as the time it would take to lease any acquired buildings that were vacant at acquisition. We tested the Partnership’s internal controls over the acquisition of real estate investment properties and the resulting purchase price allocations. This included testing controls over management’s identification of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed and evaluating the methods and significant assumptions used by the Partnership to develop such estimates. Our testing of the fair values of the assets acquired included, among others, evaluating the selection of the Partnership’s valuation model and testing the significant assumptions discussed above as well as the completeness and accuracy of the underlying data. For example, we compared management’s assumptions to observable market transactions and replacement costs associated F - 59 Table of Contents with the fair value of the land and buildings and improvements. For in-place leases, we compared management’s assumptions to published market data for comparable leases, related leasing commissions and the amount of time it would take to lease up the space to stabilization assuming the space was vacant at acquisition. We involved our real estate valuation specialists to assist in evaluating the significant assumptions listed above. In addition, we performed sensitivity tests on the significant assumptions to evaluate the change in the fair value resulting from changes in the assumptions. /s/ Ernst & Young LLP We have served as the Partnership’s auditor since 2010. Denver, Colorado February 18, 2021 F - 60 Table of Contents UNITED DOMINION REALTY, L.P. CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (In thousands, except for unit data) ASSETS Real estate owned: Real estate held for investment Less: accumulated depreciation Total real estate owned, net of accumulated depreciation Cash and cash equivalents Restricted cash Investment in unconsolidated entities Operating lease right-of-use assets Other assets Total assets Liabilities: LIABILITIES AND CAPITAL Secured debt, net Notes payable due to the General Partner Operating lease liabilities Real estate taxes payable Accrued interest payable Security deposits and prepaid rent Distributions payable Accounts payable, accrued expenses, and other liabilities Total liabilities Commitments and contingencies (Note 11) Capital: Partners’ capital: General partner: December 31, December 31, 2020 2019 $ $ $ 4,043,725 (1,892,011) 2,151,714 26 15,062 51,302 202,438 37,025 2,457,567 99,104 810,700 197,135 3,107 205 18,485 66,833 13,566 1,209,135 $ $ $ 3,875,160 (1,796,568) 2,078,592 24 13,998 76,222 205,668 24,241 2,398,745 99,071 637,233 200,001 2,801 217 17,946 63,364 12,226 1,032,859 110,883 OP Units outstanding at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 779 859 Limited partners: 184,724,677 and 183,952,659 OP Units outstanding at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss), net Total partners’ capital Noncontrolling interests Total capital Total liabilities and capital 1,230,923 (49) 1,231,653 16,779 1,248,432 2,457,567 $ 1,347,622 — 1,348,481 17,405 1,365,886 2,398,745 $ See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements. F - 61 Table of Contents UNITED DOMINION REALTY, L.P. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS (In thousands, except per unit data) REVENUES: Rental income OPERATING EXPENSES: Property operating and maintenance Real estate taxes and insurance Property management Other operating expenses Real estate depreciation and amortization General and administrative Casualty-related charges/(recoveries), net Total operating expenses Gain/(loss) on sale of real estate owned Operating income Income/(loss) from unconsolidated entities Interest expense Interest expense on notes payable due to the General Partner Net income/(loss) Net (income)/loss attributable to noncontrolling interests Net income/(loss) attributable to OP unitholders Year Ended December 31, 2019 2018 2020 $ 428,747 $ 441,773 $ 431,920 69,213 56,247 12,326 16,138 143,005 17,987 793 315,709 57,960 67,710 51,057 12,701 9,488 139,975 18,014 853 299,798 — 67,400 47,140 11,878 8,864 143,481 16,889 951 296,603 75,507 170,998 141,975 210,824 (5,543) (2,831) (26,526) 136,098 (1,869) $ 134,229 (8,313) (1,639) (28,028) 103,995 (1,832) $ 102,163 43,496 (8,733) (14,102) 231,485 (1,722) $ 229,763 Net income/(loss) per weighted average OP Unit - basic and diluted $ 0.73 $ 0.56 $ 1.25 Weighted average OP Units outstanding - basic and diluted 184,753 184,034 183,609 See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements. F - 62 Table of Contents UNITED DOMINION REALTY, L.P. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME/(LOSS) (In thousands) Net income/(loss) Other comprehensive income/(loss), including portion attributable to noncontrolling interests: Other comprehensive income/(loss) - derivative instruments: Year Ended December 31, 2019 $ 136,098 $ 103,995 $ 231,485 2018 2020 Unrealized holding gain/(loss) (49) — — Other comprehensive income/(loss), including portion attributable to noncontrolling interests Comprehensive income/(loss) Comprehensive (income)/loss attributable to noncontrolling interests Comprehensive income/(loss) attributable to OP unitholders (49) 136,049 (1,869) $ 134,180 See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements. F - 63 — — 231,485 (1,722) $ 229,763 103,995 (1,832) $ 102,163 Table of Contents Balance at December 31, 2017 Net income/(loss) Distributions OP Unit redemptions for common shares of UDR Adjustment to reflect limited partners’ capital at redemption value Long-Term Incentive Plan Unit grants Conversion of Advances (to)/from the General Partner to notes payable Net change in advances (to)/from the General Partner Balance at December 31, 2018 Net income/(loss) Distributions OP Unit redemptions for common shares of UDR Adjustment to reflect limited partners’ capital at redemption value Long-Term Incentive Plan Unit grants Net contributions/(distributions) to/(from) noncontrolling interests Balance at December 31, 2019 Net income/(loss) Distributions OP Unit redemptions for common shares of UDR Adjustment to reflect limited partners’ capital at redemption value Long-Term Incentive Plan Unit grants Unrealized gain/(loss) on derivative financial investments Net contributions/(distributions) to/(from) noncontrolling interests Balance at December 31, 2020 UNITED DOMINION REALTY, L.P. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN CAPITAL (In thousands) Class A Limited Partner $ 67,474 2,221 (2,328) Limited Partners and LTIP Units $ 283,568 9,977 (10,718) UDR, Inc. Limited Partner $ 1,112,298 217,426 (224,637) General Partner $ 955 $ 139 (144) Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income/(Loss), net Total Partners’ Capital Advances (to)/from General Partner Noncontrolling Interests — $ 1,464,295 229,763 — (237,827) — $ 397,899 — — $ $ 12,936 1,722 — — (416) 416 2,034 4,295 (6,329) — — 15,839 — — — — 69,401 971 (2,396) — 302,545 3,404 (9,063) — 1,099,174 97,727 (241,207) — (79,010) 79,010 13,827 39,638 (53,465) — 27,066 — — 81,803 1,272 (2,524) — 284,580 4,984 (10,281) — 981,239 127,893 (253,598) — (110) 110 (13,234) (30,986) 44,220 — — 15,555 — — — — — — — — 950 61 (152) — — — — 859 80 (160) — — — — — — — — — — 15,839 — — — — (257,204) — — — — — — — 1,472,070 102,163 — (252,818) — (140,695) — — — (839) 13,819 1,832 — — — — — — — — — — — — — 27,066 — 1,348,481 134,229 (266,563) — — 15,555 (49) (49) — — — — — — — — — — — Total 1,875,130 231,485 (237,827) — — 15,839 (257,204) (141,534) 1,485,889 103,995 (252,818) — — 27,066 — — — 1,754 17,405 1,869 — 1,754 1,365,886 136,098 (266,563) — — — — — — 15,555 (49) — $ 67,317 — $ 263,742 $ — 899,864 $ — 779 $ — (49) — $ 1,231,653 $ — — $ (2,495) 16,779 $ (2,495) 1,248,432 See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements. F - 64 Table of Contents UNITED DOMINION REALTY, L.P. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (In thousands) Operating Activities Net income/(loss) Adjustments to reconcile net income/(loss) to net cash provided by/(used in) operating activities: Year Ended December 31, 2019 2018 2020 $ 136,098 $ 103,995 $ 231,485 Depreciation and amortization (Gain)/loss on sale of real estate owned (Income)/loss from unconsolidated entities Other Changes in operating assets and liabilities: (Increase)/decrease in operating assets Increase/(decrease) in operating liabilities Net cash provided by/(used in) operating activities Investing Activities Acquisition of real estate assets Proceeds from sales of real estate investments, net Capital expenditures and other major improvements — real estate assets Distributions received from unconsolidated entities Net cash provided by/(used in) investing activities Financing Activities Advances (to)/from the General Partner, net Proceeds from the issuance of secured debt Payments on secured debt Issuance/(repayment) of notes payable to the General Partner Distributions paid to partnership unitholders Payments of financing costs Other Net cash provided by/(used in) financing activities Net increase/(decrease) in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash, beginning of year Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash, end of year Supplemental Information: Interest paid during the period, net of amounts capitalized, and cash paid for operating leases Non-cash transactions: Development costs and capital expenditures incurred but not yet paid Recognition of operating lease right-of-use assets Recognition of operating lease liabilities Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities remeasurements Right-of-use asset obtained in exchange for new operating lease liability LTIP Unit grants Distributions declared but not yet paid Conversion of Advances (to)/from the General Partner to notes payable The following reconciles cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash to the total of the same amounts as shown above: Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash, beginning of year Cash and cash equivalents Restricted cash Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash as shown above Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash, end of year Cash and cash equivalents Restricted cash Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash as shown above 143,005 (57,960) 5,543 5,233 (15,340) 1,104 217,683 (250,727) 143,952 (52,641) 19,377 (140,039) — — — (61,784) (14,783) (11) — (76,578) 1,066 14,022 15,088 $ 139,975 — 8,313 3,534 1,084 (1,808) 255,093 — — (62,397) 18,491 (43,906) — 72,500 — (272,913) (10,064) — (376) (210,853) 334 13,688 14,022 $ 143,481 (75,507) (43,496) 1,771 (3,260) 1,194 255,668 — 98,533 (44,227) 17,377 71,683 (348,381) — (133,205) 169,577 (12,705) — (1,821) (326,535) 816 12,872 13,688 42,423 $ 38,400 $ 17,173 3,649 — — — 316 15,555 66,833 — 24 13,998 14,022 26 15,062 15,088 2,913 94,174 88,161 111,055 1,443 27,066 63,364 — 2,056 — — — — 15,839 59,461 257,204 $ $ $ $ 125 13,563 13,688 24 13,998 14,022 $ $ $ $ 293 12,579 12,872 125 13,563 13,688 $ $ $ $ $ $ See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements. F - 65 Table of Contents UNITED DOMINION REALTY, L.P. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS DECEMBER 31, 2020 1. CONSOLIDATION AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION United Dominion Realty, L.P. (“UDR, L.P.,” the “Operating Partnership,” “we” or “our”) is a Delaware limited partnership, that owns, acquires, renovates, redevelops, manages, and disposes of multifamily apartment communities generally located in high barrier to entry markets located in the United States. The high barrier to entry markets are characterized by limited land for new construction, difficult and lengthy entitlement process, expensive single-family home prices and significant employment growth potential. UDR, L.P. is a subsidiary of UDR, Inc. (“UDR” or the “General Partner”), a self-administered real estate investment trust, or REIT, through which UDR conducts a significant portion of its business. During the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019, and 2018, rental revenues of the Operating Partnership represented 35%, 39%, and 42%, respectively, of the General Partner’s consolidated rental revenues. As of December 31, 2020, the Operating Partnership’s apartment portfolio consisted of 53 communities located in 15 markets consisting of 17,174 apartment homes. Interests in UDR, L.P. are represented by operating partnership units (“OP Units”). The Operating Partnership’s net income is allocated to the partners, which is initially based on their respective distributions made during the year and secondly, their percentage interests. Distributions are made in accordance with the terms of the Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership of United Dominion Realty, L.P. (the “Operating Partnership Agreement”), on a per unit basis that is generally equal to the dividend per share on UDR’s common stock, which is publicly traded on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) under the ticker symbol “UDR.” As of December 31, 2020, there were 184.8 million OP Units outstanding, of which 176.2 million, or 95.3%, were owned by UDR and affiliated entities and 8.6 million, or 4.7%, were owned by non-affiliated limited partners. There were 184.1 million OP Units outstanding as of December 31, 2019, of which 176.2 million, or 95.7%, were owned by UDR and affiliated entities and 7.9 million, or 4.3%, were owned by non-affiliated limited partners. See Note 10, Capital Structure. As sole general partner of the Operating Partnership, UDR owned all 0.1 million general partner OP units, or 0.1%, of the total OP Units outstanding as of December 31, 2020 and 2019. At December 31, 2020 and 2019, there were 184.7 million and 184.0 million, respectively, of limited partner OP Units outstanding, of which 1.9 million were Class A Limited Partnership Units as of both periods. Of the limited partner OP Units outstanding, UDR owned 176.1 million, or 95.3%, and 176.1 million, or 95.7%, at December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The remaining 8.6 million, or 4.7%, and 7.9 million, or 4.3%, of the limited partner OP Units outstanding were held by outside limited partners at December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively, of which 1.8 million were Class A Limited Partnership units as of both periods. See Note 10, Capital Structure. The Operating Partnership evaluated subsequent events through the date its financial statements were issued. No significant recognized or non-recognized subsequent events were noted other than those noted in Note 6, Debt, Net. 2. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES Recent Accounting Pronouncements In August 2020, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2020-06, Debt—Debt With Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging—Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40): Accounting for Convertible Instruments and Contracts in an Entity’s Own Equity. The ASU simplifies the accounting for certain financial instruments with characteristics of liabilities and equity, including convertible instruments and contracts on an entity’s own equity. The updated standard will be effective for the Operating Partnership on January 1, 2022; however, early adoption of the ASU is permitted on January 1, 2021. The Operating Partnership is currently evaluating the effect that the updated standard will have on the consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. In April 2020, the FASB issued a Staff Q&A on accounting for leases during the COVID-19 pandemic, focused on the application of lease guidance in ASC 842, Leases. The Q&A states that some lease contracts may contain explicit F - 66 Table of Contents UNITED DOMINION REALTY, L.P. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued) DECEMBER 31, 2020 or implicit enforceable rights and obligations that require lease concessions if certain circumstances arise that are beyond the control of the parties to the contract. Therefore, entities would need to perform a lease-by-lease analysis to determine whether contractual provisions in an existing lease agreement provide enforceable rights and obligations related to lease concessions. The FASB determined it would be acceptable for entities to not perform a lease-by-lease analysis regarding rent concessions resulting from COVID-19, and to instead make a policy election regarding rent concessions, which would give entities the option to account or not to account for these rent concessions as lease modifications if the total payments required by the modified contract are substantially the same or less than the total payments required by the original contract. Entities making the election to account for these rent concessions as lease modifications would recognize the effects of rent abatements and rent deferrals on a prospective straight-line basis over the remainder of the modified contract. We have made the election to not perform a lease-by-lease analysis to determine whether contractual provisions in an existing lease agreement provide enforceable rights and obligations related to lease concessions. By electing the FASB relief, we have also made an accounting policy election to account for rent abatements and rent deferrals given to lessees due to the COVID-19 pandemic as lease modifications. The lease concessions given to lessees due to the COVID-19 pandemic did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements. In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848). ASU 2020-04 contains practical expedients for reference rate reform related activities that impact debt, leases, derivatives and other contracts. The guidance in ASU 2020-04 is optional and may be elected over time as reference rate reform activities occur. During the first quarter of 2020, the Operating Partnership elected to apply the hedge accounting expedients related to probability and the assessments of effectiveness for future LIBOR-indexed cash flows to assume that the index upon which future hedged transactions will be based matches the index on the corresponding derivatives. Application of these expedients preserves the presentation of derivatives consistent with past presentation. The Operating Partnership continues to evaluate the impact of the guidance and may apply other elections as applicable as additional changes in the market occur. The ASU has not had a material impact on the consolidated financial statements and the Operating Partnership does not expect the ASU to have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements on a prospective basis. In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326), Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. The standard required entities to estimate a lifetime expected credit loss for most financial assets, including trade and other receivables, held-to-maturity debt securities, loans and other financial instruments, and to present the net amount of the financial instrument expected to be collected. In November 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018- 19, Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses, which amended the transition requirements and scope of ASU 2016-13 and clarified that receivables arising from operating leases are not within the scope of the credit losses standard, but rather, should be accounted for in accordance with the leases standard. The updated standard became effective for the Operating Partnership on January 1, 2020 and was adopted on a modified retrospective basis. However, as the Operating Partnership’s financial assets primarily relate to receivables arising from operating leases, the ASU did not have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements. Disclosures were updated pursuant to the requirements of the ASU. Real Estate Real estate assets held for investment are carried at historical cost and consist of land, land improvements, buildings and improvements, furniture, fixtures and equipment and other costs incurred during their development, acquisition and redevelopment. Expenditures for ordinary repair and maintenance costs are charged to expense as incurred. Expenditures for improvements, renovations, and replacements related to the acquisition and/or improvement of real estate assets are capitalized and depreciated over their estimated useful lives if the expenditures qualify as a betterment or the life of the related asset will be substantially extended beyond the original life expectancy. F - 67 Table of Contents UNITED DOMINION REALTY, L.P. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued) DECEMBER 31, 2020 The Operating Partnership purchases real estate investment properties and records the tangible and identifiable intangible assets and liabilities acquired based on their estimated fair value. The primary, although not only, identifiable intangible asset associated with our portfolio is the value of existing lease agreements. When recording the acquisition of a community, we first assign fair value to the estimated intangible value of the existing lease agreements and then to the estimated value of the land, building and fixtures assuming the community is vacant. The Operating Partnership estimates the intangible value of the lease agreements by determining the lost revenue associated with a hypothetical lease-up. Depreciation on the building is based on the expected useful life of the asset and the in-place leases are amortized over their remaining average contractual life. Property acquisition costs are capitalized as incurred if the acquisition does not meet the definition of a business. Quarterly or when changes in circumstances warrant, we will assess our real estate properties for indicators of impairment. The judgments regarding the existence of impairment indicators are based on certain factors. Such factors include, among other things, operational performance, market conditions, the Operating Partnership’s intent and ability to hold the related asset, as well as any significant cost overruns on development properties. If a real estate property has indicators of impairment, we assess whether the long-lived asset’s carrying value exceeds the community’s undiscounted future cash flows, which is representative of projected net operating income (“NOI”) plus the residual value of the community. Our future cash flow estimates are based upon historical results adjusted to reflect our best estimate of future market and operating conditions and our estimated holding periods. If such indicators of impairment are present and the carrying value exceeds the undiscounted cash flows of the community, an impairment loss is recognized equal to the excess of the carrying amount of the asset over its estimated fair value. Our estimates of fair value represent our best estimate based primarily upon unobservable inputs related to rental rates, operating costs, growth rates, discount rates and capitalization rates, industry trends and reference to market rates and transactions. For long-lived assets to be disposed of, impairment losses are recognized when the fair value of the asset less estimated cost to sell is less than the carrying value of the asset. Properties classified as real estate held for disposition generally represent properties that are actively marketed or contracted for sale with the closing expected to occur within the next twelve months. Real estate held for disposition is carried at the lower of cost, net of accumulated depreciation, or fair value, less the cost to sell, determined on an asset-by-asset basis. Expenditures for ordinary repair and maintenance costs on held for disposition properties are charged to expense as incurred. Expenditures for improvements, renovations, and replacements related to held for disposition properties are capitalized at cost. Depreciation is not recorded on real estate held for disposition. For the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, the Operating Partnership did not record any impairments on our real estate properties. Depreciation is computed on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the related assets which are 30 to 55 years for buildings, 10 to 35 years for major improvements, and 3 to 10 years for furniture, fixtures, equipment, and other assets. Predevelopment, development, and redevelopment projects and related costs are capitalized and reported on the Consolidated Balance Sheets as Total real estate owned, net of accumulated depreciation. The Operating Partnership capitalizes costs directly related to the predevelopment, development, and redevelopment of a capital project, which include, but are not limited to, interest, real estate taxes, insurance, and allocated development and redevelopment overhead related to support costs for personnel working on the capital projects. We use our professional judgment in determining whether such costs meet the criteria for capitalization or must be expensed as incurred. These costs are capitalized only during the period in which activities necessary to ready an asset for its intended use are in progress and such costs are incremental and identifiable to a specific activity to get the asset ready for its intended use. These costs, excluding the direct costs of development and redevelopment and capitalized interest, for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019, and 2018 were $0.9 million, $0.8 million, and less than $0.1 million, respectively. During the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019, and 2018, total interest capitalized was $0.1 million, $0.2 million, and less than $0.1 million, respectively. As each home in a capital project is completed and becomes available for lease-up, the Operating Partnership ceases capitalization on the related portion and depreciation commences over the estimated useful life. F - 68 Table of Contents UNITED DOMINION REALTY, L.P. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued) DECEMBER 31, 2020 Cash and Cash Equivalents Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash on hand, demand deposits with financial institutions and short-term, highly liquid investments. We consider all highly liquid investments with maturities of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents. The majority of the Operating Partnership’s cash and cash equivalents are held at major commercial banks. Restricted Cash Restricted cash primarily consists of escrow deposits held by lenders for real estate taxes, insurance and replacement reserves, and security deposits. Real Estate Sales Gain Recognition For sale transactions resulting in a transfer of a controlling financial interest of a property, the Operating Partnership generally derecognizes the related assets and liabilities from its Consolidated Balance Sheets and records the gain or loss in the period in which the transfer of control occurs. If control of the property has not transferred to the counterparty, the criteria for derecognition are not met and the Operating Partnership will continue to recognize the related assets and liabilities on its Consolidated Balance Sheets. Sale transactions to entities in which the Operating Partnership sells a controlling financial interest in a property but retains a noncontrolling interest are accounted for as partial sales. Partial sales resulting in a change in control are accounted for at fair value and a full gain or loss is recognized. Therefore, the Operating Partnership will record a gain or loss on the partial interest sold, and the initial measurement of our retained interest will be accounted for at fair value. Sales of real estate to joint ventures or other noncontrolled investees are also accounted for at fair value and the Operating Partnership will record a full gain or loss in the period the property is contributed. To the extent that the Operating Partnership acquires a controlling financial interest in a property that it previously accounted for as an equity method investment, the Operating Partnership will not remeasure its previously held interest if the acquisition is treated as an asset acquisition. The Operating Partnership will include the carrying amount of its previously held equity method interest along with the consideration paid and transaction costs incurred in determining the amounts to allocate to the related assets and liabilities acquired on its Consolidated Balance Sheets. When treated as an asset acquisition, the Operating Partnership will not recognize a gain or loss on consolidation of a property. Derivative Financial Instruments The General Partner utilizes derivative financial instruments to manage interest rate risk and generally designates these financial instruments as cash flow hedges. Derivative financial instruments associated with the Operating Partnership’s allocation of the General Partner’s debt are recorded on our Consolidated Balance Sheets as either an asset or liability and measured quarterly at their fair value. The changes in fair value for the General Partner’s cash flow hedges allocated to the Operating Partnership that are deemed effective are reflected in other comprehensive income/(loss) and for non-designated derivative financial instruments in earnings. The ineffective component of cash flow hedges, if any, is recorded in earnings. Noncontrolling Interests The noncontrolling interests represent the General Partner’s interests in certain consolidated subsidiaries and are presented in the capital section of the Consolidated Balance Sheets since these interests are not convertible or redeemable into any other ownership interests of the Operating Partnership. Income Taxes The taxable income or loss of the Operating Partnership is reported on the tax returns of the partners. Accordingly, no provision has been made in the accompanying financial statements for federal or state income taxes on F - 69 Table of Contents UNITED DOMINION REALTY, L.P. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued) DECEMBER 31, 2020 income that is passed through to the partners. However, any state or local revenue, excise or franchise taxes that result from the operating activities of the Operating Partnership are recorded at the entity level. The Operating Partnership’s tax returns are subject to examination by federal and state taxing authorities. Net income for financial reporting purposes differs from the net income for income tax reporting purposes primarily due to temporary differences, principally real estate depreciation and the tax deferral of certain gains on property sales. The differences in depreciation result from differences in the book and tax basis of certain real estate assets and the differences in the methods of depreciation and lives of the real estate assets. The Operating Partnership evaluates the accounting and disclosure of tax positions taken or expected to be taken in the course of preparing the Operating Partnership’s tax returns to determine whether the tax positions are “more-likely-than-not” of being sustained by the applicable tax authority. Tax positions not deemed to meet the more-likely-than-not threshold would be recorded as a tax benefit or expense in the current year. Management of the Operating Partnership is required to analyze all open tax years, as defined by the statute of limitations, for all major jurisdictions, which include federal and certain states. The Operating Partnership has no examinations in progress and none are expected at this time. Management of the Operating Partnership has reviewed all open tax years (2017 through 2019) of tax jurisdictions and concluded there is no tax liability resulting from unrecognized tax benefits relating to uncertain income tax positions taken or expected to be taken in future tax returns. Principles of Consolidation The Operating Partnership accounts for subsidiary partnerships, joint ventures and other similar entities in which it holds an ownership interest in accordance with the consolidation guidance. The Operating Partnership first evaluates whether each entity is a VIE. Under the VIE model, the Operating Partnership consolidates an entity when it has control to direct the activities of the VIE and the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits that could potentially be significant to the VIE. Under the voting model, the Operating Partnership consolidates an entity when it controls the entity through ownership of a majority voting interest. Discontinued Operations In accordance with GAAP, a discontinued operation represents (1) a component of an entity or group of components that has been disposed of or is classified as held for sale in a single transaction and represents a strategic shift that has or will have a major effect on an entity’s financial results, or (2) an acquired business that is classified as held for sale on the date of acquisition. A strategic shift could include a disposal of (1) a separate major line of business, (2) a separate major geographic area of operations, (3) a major equity method investment, or (4) other major parts of an entity. We record sales of real estate that do not meet the definition of a discontinued operation in Gain/(loss) on sale of real estate owned on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Allocation of General and Administrative Expenses The Operating Partnership is charged directly for general and administrative expenses it incurs. The Operating Partnership is also charged with other general and administrative expenses that have been allocated by the General Partner to each of its subsidiaries, including the Operating Partnership, based on reasonably anticipated benefits to the parties. (See Note 7, Related Party Transactions.) Advertising Costs All advertising costs are expensed as incurred and reported on the Consolidated Statements of Operations within the line item Property operating and maintenance. During the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019, and 2018, total advertising expense was $2.9 million, $1.9 million, and $1.9 million, respectively. F - 70 Table of Contents UNITED DOMINION REALTY, L.P. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued) DECEMBER 31, 2020 Comprehensive Income/(Loss) Comprehensive income/(loss), which is defined as the change in capital during each period from transactions and other events and circumstances from nonowner sources, including all changes in capital during a period except for those resulting from investments by or distributions to unitholders, is displayed in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income/(Loss). For the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019, and 2018, the Operating Partnership’s other comprehensive income/(loss) consisted of the gain/(loss) (effective portion) on derivative instruments that are designated as and qualify as cash flow hedges and (gain)/loss reclassified from other comprehensive income/(loss) into earnings. The (gain)/loss reclassified from other comprehensive income/(loss) is included in Interest expense on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. See Note 9, Derivatives and Hedging Activity, for further discussion. Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic The Operating Partnership continues to closely monitor the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on all aspects of its business. The extent of the pandemic’s effect on our operational and financial performance will depend on future developments, including the duration, spread and intensity of the pandemic and the duration of government measures to mitigate the pandemic, all of which continue to be uncertain and difficult to predict. Given the uncertainty, we cannot predict the effect on future periods, but the adverse impact that could occur on the Operating Partnership’s future financial condition, results of operations and cash flows could be material, including, but not limited to, as a result of extended eviction moratoriums, additional rent deferrals, payment plans, lease concessions, waiving late payment fees, charges from potential adjustments to the carrying amount of receivables, and asset impairment charges. During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Operating Partnership performed an analysis in accordance with the ASC 842, Leases, guidance to assess the collectibility of its operating lease receivables in light of the COVID-19 pandemic. This analysis included an assessment of collectibility of current and future rents and whether those lease payments were no longer probable of collection. In accordance with the leases guidance, if lease payments are no longer deemed to be probable over the life of the lease contract, we recognize revenue only when cash is received, and all existing contractual operating lease receivables and straight-line lease receivables are reserved. As a result of its analysis, the Operating Partnership reserved approximately $5.5 million of multifamily tenant lease receivables and approximately $3.5 million of retail tenant lease receivables (inclusive of $2.2 million of reserves on straight-line lease receivables) for its wholly-owned communities. In aggregate, the reserve is reflected as a $9.0 million reduction to Rental income on the Consolidated Statements of Operations for the year ended December 31, 2020. The impact to deferred leasing commissions was not material for the year ended December 31, 2020. The Operating Partnership did not recognize any other adjustments to the carrying amounts of assets or asset impairment charges due to the COVID-19 pandemic for the year ended December 31, 2020. Use of Estimates The preparation of these financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent liabilities at the dates of the financial statements and the amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Actual amounts realized or paid could differ from those estimates. Market Concentration Risk The Operating Partnership is subject to increased exposure from economic and other competitive factors specific to those markets where it holds a significant percentage of the carrying value of its real estate portfolio at December 31, 2020, the Operating Partnership held greater than 10% of the carrying value of its real estate portfolio in each of the Orange County, California, San Francisco, California; Metropolitan D.C. and New York, New York markets. F - 71 Table of Contents UNITED DOMINION REALTY, L.P. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued) DECEMBER 31, 2020 3. REAL ESTATE OWNED Real estate assets owned by the Operating Partnership consist of income producing operating properties, properties under development, land held for future development, and sold or held for disposition properties. At December 31, 2020, the Operating Partnership owned and consolidated 53 communities in nine states plus the District of Columbia totaling 17,174 apartment homes. The following table summarizes the carrying amounts for our real estate owned (at cost) as of December 31, 2020 and 2019 (dollars in thousands): Land Depreciable property — held and used: Land improvements Buildings, improvements, and furniture, fixtures and equipment Real estate owned Accumulated depreciation Real estate owned, net Acquisitions December 31, December 31, 2020 730,559 101,470 3,211,696 4,043,725 (1,892,011) 2,151,714 $ $ 2019 711,256 96,864 3,067,040 3,875,160 (1,796,568) 2,078,592 $ $ In November 2020, the Operating Partnership acquired a 672 apartment home operating community located in Tampa, Florida for approximately $122.5 million. The Operating Partnership increased its real estate assets owned by approximately $119.4 million and recorded approximately $3.1 million of in-place lease intangibles. In December 2020, the Operating Partnership acquired a 400 apartment home operating community located in Herndon, Virginia for approximately $128.6 million. The Operating Partnership increased its real estate assets owned by approximately $125.9 million and recorded approximately $2.7 million of in-place lease intangibles. The Operating Partnership did not have any acquisitions of real estate during the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018. Dispositions In October 2020, the Operating Partnership sold an operating community located in Alexandria, Virginia with a total of 332 apartment homes for gross proceeds of $145.0 million, resulting in a gain of approximately $58.0 million. The proceeds were designated for a tax-deferred Section 1031 exchange and were used to pay a portion of the purchase price for acquisitions in November and December 2020. The Operating Partnership did not have any dispositions of real estate during the year ended December 31, 2019. In February 2018, the Operating Partnership sold an operating community in Orange County, California with a total of 264 apartment homes for gross proceeds of $90.5 million, resulting in a gain of $70.3 million. The proceeds were designated for a tax-deferred Section 1031 exchange that were used to pay a portion of the purchase price for an acquisition in October 2017. In December 2018, the Operating Partnership sold a commercial office building in Fairfax, Virginia for gross proceeds of $9.3 million, resulting in a gain of $5.2 million. Other Activity In connection with the acquisition of certain properties, the Operating Partnership agreed to pay certain of the tax liabilities of certain contributors if the Operating Partnership sells one or more of the properties contributed in a taxable transaction prior to the expiration of specified periods of time following the acquisition. The Operating Partnership may, however, sell, without being required to pay any tax liabilities, any of such properties in a non-taxable transaction, including, but not limited to, a tax deferred Section 1031 exchange. F - 72 Table of Contents UNITED DOMINION REALTY, L.P. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued) DECEMBER 31, 2020 Further, the Operating Partnership has agreed to maintain certain debt that may be guaranteed by certain contributors for specified periods of time following the acquisition. The Operating Partnership, however, has the ability to refinance or repay guaranteed debt or to substitute new debt if the debt and the guaranty continue to satisfy certain conditions. 4. UNCONSOLIDATED ENTITIES The DownREIT Partnership is accounted for by the Operating Partnership under the equity method of accounting and is included in Investment in unconsolidated entities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Operating Partnership recognizes earnings or losses from its investments in unconsolidated entities consisting of our proportionate share of the net earnings or losses of the partnership in accordance with the Partnership Agreement. The DownREIT Partnership is a VIE as the limited partners lack substantive kick-out rights and substantive participating rights. The Operating Partnership is not the primary beneficiary of the DownREIT Partnership as it lacks the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact its economic performance and will continue to account for its interest as an equity method investment. See Note 2, Significant Accounting Policies. As of December 31, 2020, the DownREIT Partnership owned 12 communities with 5,657 apartment homes. The Operating Partnership’s investment in the DownREIT Partnership was $51.3 million and $76.2 million as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. In December 2018, the DownREIT Partnership sold an operating community in Fairfax, Virginia with a total of 604 apartment homes for gross proceeds of $150.7 million. As a result, the Operating Partnership recorded a gain of $51.1 million, which is included in Income/(loss) from unconsolidated entities on the Consolidated Statement of Operations. We consider various factors to determine if a decrease in the value of our Investment in unconsolidated entities is other- than-temporary. These factors include, but are not limited to, age of the entity, our intent and ability to retain our investment in the entity, the financial condition and long-term prospects of the entity, and the relationships with the other joint venture partners and its lenders. Based on the significance of the unobservable inputs, we classify these fair value measurements within Level 3 of the valuation hierarchy. The Operating Partnership did not incur any other-than-temporary impairments in the value of its investments in unconsolidated joint ventures during the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018. Condensed summary financial information relating to the DownREIT Partnership (not just our proportionate share), is presented below for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018 (dollars in thousands): Total real estate, net Cash and cash equivalents Note receivable from the General Partner Other assets Total assets Secured debt, net Other liabilities Total liabilities Total capital F - 73 December 31, 2020 $ 1,042,449 $ 23 306,594 7,940 $ 1,357,006 $ December 31, 2019 1,106,703 20 222,853 4,829 1,334,405 $ $ 506,605 28,800 535,405 821,601 $ $ 427,592 28,087 455,679 878,726 Table of Contents UNITED DOMINION REALTY, L.P. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued) DECEMBER 31, 2020 Total revenue Property operating expenses Real estate depreciation and amortization Gain/(loss) on sale of real estate Operating income/(loss) Interest expense Other income/(loss) Net income/(loss) 5. LEASES Lessee - Ground and Equipment Leases Year Ended December 31, 2019 2020 $ 130,597 $ 128,621 (51,747) (82,283) — (5,409) (15,648) 8,061 (51,888) (82,092) — (3,383) (15,599) 8,466 $ (10,516) $ (12,996) $ 2018 $ 138,121 (56,998) (85,872) 24,053 19,304 (14,456) 4,884 9,732 The Operating Partnership owns six communities that are subject to ground leases, under which the Operating Partnership is the lessee, expiring between 2043 and 2103, inclusive of extension options we are reasonably certain will be exercised. All of these leases are classified as operating leases through the lease term expiration based on our election of the practical expedient provided by the leasing standard. Rental expense for lease payments related to operating leases is recognized on a straight-line basis over the remaining lease term. In addition, the Operating Partnership leases equipment at seven communities from the General Partner, pursuant to leases that expire in 2030. We currently do not hold any finance leases. The Operating Partnership also elected the short-term lease exception provided by the leasing standard and therefore only recognizes right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for leases with a term greater than one year. No leases qualified for the short-term lease exception during the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019. As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, the Operating lease right-of-use assets were $202.4 million and $205.7 million, respectively, and the Operating lease liabilities were $197.1 million and $200.0 million, respectively, on our Consolidated Balance Sheets related to our ground and equipment leases. The value of the Operating lease right-of-use assets exceeds the value of the Operating lease liabilities due to prepaid lease payments and intangible assets for ground leases acquired in the purchase of real estate. The calculation of these amounts includes minimum lease payments over the remaining lease term (described further in the table below). Variable lease payments are excluded from the right-of-use assets and lease liabilities and are recognized in earnings in the period in which the obligation for those payments is incurred. As the discount rate implicit in the leases was not readily determinable, we determined the discount rate for these leases utilizing the Operating Partnership’s incremental borrowing rate at a portfolio level, adjusted for the remaining lease term, and the form of underlying collateral. The weighted average remaining lease term for these leases was 43.7 years and 44.4 years at December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and the weighted average discount rate was 5.0% at both December 31, 2020 and 2019. F - 74 Table of Contents UNITED DOMINION REALTY, L.P. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued) DECEMBER 31, 2020 Future minimum lease payments and total operating lease liabilities from our ground and equipment leases as of December 31, 2020 are as follows (dollars in thousands): 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 Thereafter Total future minimum lease payments (undiscounted) Difference between future undiscounted cash flows and discounted cash flows $ Ground Leases 12,442 12,442 12,442 12,442 12,442 442,778 504,988 $ Equipment Leases 179 $ 183 187 191 195 813 1,748 (309,396) (205) Total operating lease liabilities (discounted) $ 195,592 $ 1,543 $ Total 12,621 12,625 12,629 12,633 12,637 443,591 506,736 (309,601) 197,135 For purposes of recognizing our ground lease contracts, the Operating Partnership uses the minimum lease payments, if stated in the agreement. For ground lease agreements where there is a rent reset provision based on a change in an index or a rate (i.e., changes in fair market rental rates or changes in the consumer price index) but that does not include a specified minimum lease payment, the Operating Partnership uses the current rent over the remainder of the lease term. If there is a contingency, upon which some or all of the variable lease payments that will be paid over the remainder of the lease term are based, which is resolved such that those payments now meet the definition of lease payments, the Operating Partnership will remeasure the right- of-use asset and lease liability on the reset date. For the year ended December 31, 2019, Operating lease right-of-use assets and Operating lease liabilities increased by $111.1 million due to future minimum payments on two of our ground leases becoming fixed for the remainder of their terms. For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, Operating lease right-of-use assets and Operating lease liabilities increased by $0.3 million and $1.4 million, respectively, due to the Operating Partnership entering into new equipment leases. The components of operating lease expenses from our ground and equipment leases were as follows (dollars in thousands): Ground lease expense: Contractual ground lease rent expense Variable ground lease expense (a) Total ground lease expense (b) Contractual equipment lease expense (b) Total operating lease expense (c) Year Ended December 31, 2020 2019 $ $ 12,821 119 12,940 155 13,095 $ $ 8,272 664 8,936 19 8,955 (a) Variable ground lease expense includes adjustments such as changes in the consumer price index and payments based on a percentage of income of the lessee. (b) Ground lease and equipment lease expense are reported within the line item Other operating expenses on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. (c) For the year ended December 31, 2020, Operating lease right-of-use assets and Operating lease liabilities amortized by $3.5 million and $3.2 million, respectively, and for the year ended December 31, 2019, Operating lease right-of-use assets and Operating lease liabilities amortized by $1.0 million and $0.7 million, respectively. Due to the net impact of the amortization, the Operating Partnership recorded $0.3 million and $0.3 million of total operating lease expense during the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively, due to the net impact of the amortization. F - 75 Table of Contents UNITED DOMINION REALTY, L.P. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued) DECEMBER 31, 2020 Lessor - Apartment Home and Retail and Commercial Leases The Operating Partnership’s communities and retail and commercial space are leased to tenants under operating leases. As of December 31, 2020, our apartment home leases generally have initial terms of 12 months or less and represent 97.7% of our total lease revenue. As of December 31, 2020, our retail and commercial space leases generally have initial terms between 5 and 15 years and represent approximately 2.3% of our total lease revenue. Our apartment home leases are generally renewable at the end of the lease term, subject to potential increases in rental rates, and our retail and commercial space leases generally have renewal options, subject to associated increases in rental rates and certain other conditions. (See Note 12, Reportable Segments for further discussion around our major revenue streams and disaggregation of our revenue.) Future minimum lease payments from our retail and commercial leases as of December 31, 2020 are as follows (dollars in thousands): 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 Thereafter Total future minimum lease payments (a) Retail and Commercial Leases $ $ 6,808 6,389 6,110 5,368 4,777 9,115 38,567 (a) We have excluded our apartment home leases from this table as our apartment home leases generally have initial terms of 12 months of less. Certain of our leases with retail and commercial tenants provide for the payment by the lessee of additional variable rent based on a percentage of the tenant’s revenue. The amounts shown in the table above do not include these variable percentage rents. The Operating Partnership recorded variable percentage rents of less than $0.1 million and $0.1 million during the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019. 6. DEBT, NET Our secured debt instruments generally feature either monthly interest and principal or monthly interest-only payments with balloon payments due at maturity. For purposes of classification in the following table, variable rate debt with a derivative financial instrument designated as a cash flow hedge is deemed as fixed rate debt due to the Operating F - 76 Table of Contents UNITED DOMINION REALTY, L.P. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued) DECEMBER 31, 2020 Partnership having effectively established the fixed interest rate for the underlying debt instrument. Secured debt consists of the following as of December 31, 2020 and 2019 (dollars in thousands): Fixed Rate Debt Mortgage note payable Deferred financing costs Total fixed rate secured debt, net Variable Rate Debt Tax-exempt secured note payable Deferred financing costs Total variable rate secured debt, net Total Secured Debt, Net Principal Outstanding December 31, December 31, 2020 2019 $ $ $ 72,500 (328) 72,172 27,000 (68) 26,932 99,104 $ $ $ 72,500 (365) 72,135 27,000 (64) 26,936 99,071 As of December 31, 2020 Weighted Average Years to Maturity Weighted Average Interest Rate Communities Encumbered 3.10 % 9.1 3.10 % 9.3 0.84 % 11.2 0.84 % 2.54 % 11.2 9.7 1 1 1 1 2 The Operating Partnership may from time to time acquire properties subject to fixed rate debt instruments. In those situations, management will record the secured debt at its estimated fair value and amortize any difference between the fair value and par to interest expense over the life of the underlying debt instrument. The Operating Partnership did not have any unamortized fair value adjustments associated with the fixed rate debt instruments on the Operating Partnership’s properties. Fixed Rate Debt Mortgage note payable. At December 31, 2020, the Operating Partnership had a fixed rate mortgage note payable for $72.5 million with an interest rate of 3.10%. Interest payments are due monthly and the note matures in February 2030. Variable Rate Debt Tax-exempt secured note payable. The variable rate mortgage note payable for $27.0 million that secures a tax-exempt housing bond issue that matures in March 2032. Interest on this note is payable in monthly installments. The mortgage note payable has an interest rate of 0.84% as of December 31, 2020. Guarantor on Unsecured Debt The Operating Partnership is the guarantor on the General Partner’s unsecured revolving credit facility with an aggregate borrowing capacity of $1.1 billion, an unsecured commercial paper program with an aggregate borrowing capacity of $500 million, a $350 million term loan due September 2023, $300 million of medium-term notes due October 2025, $300 million of medium-term notes due September 2026, $300 million of medium-term notes due July 2027, $300 million of medium-term notes due January 2028, $300 million of medium-term notes due January 2029, $600 million of medium-term notes due January 2030, $400 million of medium-term notes due August 2031, $400 million of medium-term notes due August 2032, $350 million of medium-term notes due March 2033 and $300 million of medium-term notes due November 2034. As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, the General Partner did not have an outstanding balance under the unsecured revolving credit facility and had $190.0 million and $300.0 million, respectively, outstanding under its unsecured commercial paper program. On February 11, 2021, the General Partner priced an offering of $300.0 million of 2.10% senior unsecured medium- term notes due 2033. The notes were priced at 99.592% of the principal amount of the notes. The General Partner intends to use the net proceeds to repay indebtedness, including the redemption of its $300.0 million 4.00% senior unsecured medium-term notes due October 2025 (plus the make-whole amount and accrued and unpaid interest), to fund potential acquisitions, or for other general corporate purposes. The settlement of the offering is expected to occur on February 26, 2021, subject to the satisfaction of customary closing conditions. The Operating Partnership will be the guarantor of the debt. F - 77 Table of Contents UNITED DOMINION REALTY, L.P. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued) DECEMBER 31, 2020 7. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS Shared Services The Operating Partnership self-manages its own properties and is party to an Inter-Company Employee and Cost Sharing Agreement with the General Partner. This agreement provides for reimbursements to the General Partner for the Operating Partnership’s allocable share of costs incurred by the General Partner for (a) general and administrative costs, and (b) shared services of corporate level property management employees and related support functions and costs. See further discussion below. Allocation of General and Administrative Expenses The General Partner shares various general and administrative costs, employees and other overhead costs with the Operating Partnership including legal assistance, acquisitions analysis, marketing, human resources, IT, accounting, rent, supplies and advertising, and allocates these costs to the Operating Partnership first on the basis of direct usage when identifiable, with the remainder allocated based on the reasonably anticipated benefits to the parties. The general and administrative expenses allocated to the Operating Partnership by UDR were $13.4 million, $13.8 million, and $13.5 million during the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and are included in General and administrative on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. In the opinion of management, this method of allocation reflects the level of services received by the Operating Partnership from the General Partner. During the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, the Operating Partnership also reimbursed the General Partner $16.9 million, $16.9 million, and $15.2 million, respectively, for shared services related to corporate level property management costs incurred by the General Partner. These shared cost reimbursements are initially recorded within the line item General and administrative on the Consolidated Statements of Operations, and a portion related to property management costs is reclassified to Property management on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Notes Payable to the General Partner The following table summarizes the Operating Partnership’s Notes payable due to the General Partner as of December 31, 2020 and 2019 (dollars in thousands): Note due August 2021 Note due December 2023 Note due April 2026 Note due November 2028 Note due December 2028 (a) Total notes payable due to the General Partner Interest rate at December 31, 2020 Balance Outstanding December 31, 2020 December 31, 2019 5.34 % 5.18 % 4.12 % 4.69 % 2.91 % $ $ 5,500 83,196 184,638 133,205 404,161 810,700 $ $ 5,500 83,196 184,638 133,205 230,694 637,233 (a) There is no limit on the total commitments under this unsecured revolving note. Interest is incurred on the unpaid principal balance at a variable interest rate equivalent to the General Partner’s weighted average interest rate on borrowings, or 2.91% as of December 31, 2020. The note matures on December 1, 2028. To the extent there is an outstanding principal balance on the revolving note payable, the General Partner, at its discretion, can demand payment at any time prior to the stated maturity date of the note. Certain limited partners of the Operating Partnership have provided guarantees or reimbursement agreements related to these notes payable. The guarantees were provided by the limited partners in conjunction with their contribution of properties to the Operating Partnership. The Operating Partnership recognized interest expense on the notes payable of $26.5 million, $28.0 million and $14.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019, and 2018, respectively. F - 78 Table of Contents UNITED DOMINION REALTY, L.P. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued) DECEMBER 31, 2020 8. FAIR VALUE OF DERIVATIVES AND FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS Fair value is based on the price that would be received to sell an asset or the exit price that would be paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. A three-level valuation hierarchy prioritizes observable and unobservable inputs used to measure fair value. The fair value hierarchy consists of three broad levels, which are described below: ● Level 1 — Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the entity has the ability to access. ● Level 2 — Observable inputs other than prices included in Level 1, such as quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar assets and liabilities in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated with observable market data. ● Level 3 — Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets and liabilities. This includes certain pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies and similar techniques that use significant unobservable inputs. The estimated fair values of the Operating Partnership’s financial instruments either recorded or disclosed on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2020 and 2019 are summarized as follows (dollars in thousands): Fair Value at December 31, 2020, Using Total Carrying Amount in Statement of Financial Position at December 31, 2020 (a) Fair Value Estimate at December 31, 2020 Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets or Liabilities (Level 1) Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) Description: Derivatives- Interest rate contracts (b) Total assets Secured debt instrument - fixed rate: (c) Mortgage note payable Secured debt instrument - variable rate: (c) Tax-exempt secured note payable Unsecured debt instruments: (d) Notes payable due to the General Partner Total liabilities $ $ $ $ 2 2 $ $ 2 2 $ $ — $ — $ 2 2 $ $ — — 72,500 $ 75,182 $ — $ — $ 75,182 27,000 27,000 — — 27,000 810,700 910,200 $ 810,700 912,882 $ — — $ — — $ 810,700 912,882 F - 79 Table of Contents UNITED DOMINION REALTY, L.P. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued) DECEMBER 31, 2020 Fair Value at December 31, 2019, Using Total Carrying Amount in Statement of Financial Position at December 31, 2019 (a) Fair Value Estimate at December 31, 2019 Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets or Liabilities (Level 1) Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) Description: Secured debt instruments - fixed rate: (c) Mortgage notes payable $ 72,500 $ 71,976 $ — $ — $ 71,976 Secured debt instrument - variable rate: (c) Tax-exempt secured note payable 27,000 27,000 — — 27,000 Unsecured debt instruments: (d) Notes payable due to the General Partner Total liabilities 637,233 736,733 $ 637,233 736,209 $ $ — — $ — — $ 637,233 736,209 (a) Balances exclude deferred financing costs. (b) See Note 9, Derivatives and Hedging Activity. (c) See Note 6, Debt, Net. (d) See Note 7, Related Party Transactions. There were no transfers into or out of each of the levels of the fair value hierarchy during the year ended December 31, 2020. Financial Instruments Carried at Fair Value The fair values of interest rate swaps are determined using the market standard methodology of netting the discounted future fixed cash receipts (or payments) and the discounted expected variable cash payments (or receipts). The variable cash payments (or receipts) are based on an expectation of future interest rates (forward curves) derived from observable market interest rate curves. The fair values of interest rate options are determined using the market standard methodology of discounting the future expected cash receipts that would occur if variable interest rates rise above the strike rate of the caps. The variable interest rates used in the calculation of projected receipts on the cap are based on an expectation of future interest rates derived from observable market interest rate curves and volatilities. The General Partner, on behalf of the Operating Partnership, incorporates credit valuation adjustments to appropriately reflect both its own nonperformance risk and the respective counterparty’s nonperformance risk in the fair value measurements. In adjusting the fair value of its derivative contracts for the effect of nonperformance risk, the Operating Partnership has considered the impact of netting and any applicable credit enhancements, such as collateral postings, thresholds, mutual puts, and guarantees. Although the General Partner, on behalf of the Operating Partnership, has determined that the majority of the inputs used to value its derivatives fall within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy, the credit valuation adjustments associated with its derivatives utilize Level 3 inputs, such as estimates of current credit spreads to evaluate the likelihood of default by itself and its counterparties. However, as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, the Operating Partnership has assessed the significance of the impact of the credit valuation adjustments on the overall valuation of its derivative positions and has determined that the credit valuation adjustments are not significant to the overall valuation of its derivatives. As a result, the Operating Partnership has determined that its derivative valuations in their entirety are classified in Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. In conjunction with the FASB’s fair value measurement guidance, the Operating Partnership made an accounting policy election to measure the credit risk of its derivative financial instruments that are subject to master netting agreements on a net basis by counterparty portfolio. F - 80 Table of Contents UNITED DOMINION REALTY, L.P. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued) DECEMBER 31, 2020 Financial Instruments Not Carried at Fair Value As of December 31, 2020, the fair values of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts receivable, prepaids, real estate taxes payable, accrued interest payable, security deposits and prepaid rent, distributions payable and accounts payable approximated their carrying values because of the short term nature of these instruments. The estimated fair values of other financial instruments, which includes debt instruments, are classified in Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy due to the significant unobservable inputs that are utilized in their respective valuations. 9. DERIVATIVES AND HEDGING ACTIVITY Risk Management Objective of Using Derivatives The Operating Partnership is exposed to certain risks arising from both its business operations and economic conditions. The General Partner principally manages its exposures to a wide variety of business and operational risks through management of its core business activities. The General Partner manages economic risks, including interest rate, liquidity, and credit risk primarily by managing the amount, sources, and duration of its debt funding and through the use of derivative financial instruments. Specifically, the General Partner enters into derivative financial instruments to manage exposures that arise from business activities that result in the receipt or payment of future known and uncertain cash amounts, the value of which are determined by interest rates. The General Partner’s and the Operating Partnership’s derivative financial instruments are used to manage differences in the amount, timing, and duration of the General Partner’s known or expected cash payments principally related to the General Partner’s borrowings. Cash Flow Hedges of Interest Rate Risk The General Partner’s objectives in using interest rate derivatives are to add stability to interest expense and to manage its exposure to interest rate movements. To accomplish this objective, the General Partner primarily uses interest rate swaps and caps as part of its interest rate risk management strategy. Interest rate swaps designated as cash flow hedges involve the receipt of variable-rate amounts from a counterparty in exchange for the General Partner making fixed-rate payments over the life of the agreements without exchange of the underlying notional amount. Interest rate caps designated as cash flow hedges involve the receipt of variable-rate amounts from a counterparty if interest rates rise above the strike rate on the contract in exchange for an up-front premium. The changes in the fair value of derivatives designated and that qualify as cash flow hedges is recorded in Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss), net on the Consolidated Balance Sheets and is subsequently reclassified into earnings in the period that the hedged forecasted transaction affects earnings. During the year ended December 31, 2020, one derivative was designated as a cash flow hedge by the Operating Partnership. No derivatives designated as cash flow hedges were held by the Operating Partnership in 2019 and 2018. Amounts reported in Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss), net on the Consolidated Balance Sheets related to derivatives that will be reclassified to interest expense as interest payments are made on the Operating Partnership’s variable-rate debt. Through December 31, 2021, the Operating Partnership estimates that less than $0.1 million will be reclassified as an increase to Interest expense. As of December 31, 2020, the Operating Partnership had the following outstanding interest rate derivative that was designated as cash flow hedge of interest risk (dollars in thousands): Product Interest rate caps Number of Instruments 1 $ Notional 19,880 Derivatives not designated as hedges are not speculative and are used to manage the Operating Partnership’s exposure to interest rate movements and other identified risks but do not meet the strict hedge accounting requirements of GAAP. Changes in the fair value of derivatives not designated in hedging relationships are recorded directly in earnings. As of December 31, 2020, no derivatives not designated as hedges were held by the Operating Partnership. F - 81 Table of Contents UNITED DOMINION REALTY, L.P. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued) DECEMBER 31, 2020 Tabular Disclosure of Fair Values of Derivative Instruments on the Consolidated Balance Sheets The table below presents the fair value of the Operating Partnership’s derivative financial instruments as well as their classification on the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2020 and 2019 (dollars in thousands): Derivatives designated as hedging instruments: Interest rate caps Asset Derivatives (included in Other assets) Fair Value at: Liability Derivatives (Included in Other liabilities) Fair Value at: December 31, December 31, December 31, December 31, 2020 2019 2020 2019 $ 2 $ — $ — $ — Tabular Disclosure of the Effect of Derivative Instruments on the Consolidated Statements of Operations The tables below present the effect of the Operating Partnership’s derivative financial instruments on the Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019, and 2018 (dollars in thousands): Derivatives in Cash Flow Hedging Relationships Interest rate caps Unrealized holding gain/(loss) Recognized in OCI Gain/(Loss) Reclassified from Accumulated OCI into Interest expense Gain/(Loss) Recognized in Interest expense (Amount Excluded from Effectiveness Testing) 2020 2019 2018 2020 2019 2018 2020 2019 2018 $ (49) $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Total amount of Interest expense presented on the Consolidated Statements of Operations (a) $ 2,831 $ 1,639 8,733 (a) Excludes Interest expense on notes payable due to the General Partner for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019, Year Ended December 31, 2020 2019 2018 and 2018. Credit-risk-related Contingent Features The General Partner has agreements with its derivative counterparties that contain a provision where the General Partner could be declared in default on its derivative obligations if repayment of the underlying indebtedness is accelerated by the lender due to the General Partner’s default on the indebtedness. The General Partner has certain agreements with some of its derivative counterparties that contain a provision where, in the event of default by the General Partner or the counterparty, the right of setoff may be exercised. Any amount payable to one party by the other party may be reduced by its setoff against any amounts payable by the other party. Events that give rise to default by either party may include, but are not limited to, the failure to pay or deliver payment under the derivative agreement, the failure to comply with or perform under the derivative agreement, bankruptcy, a merger without assumption of the derivative agreement, or in a merger, a surviving entity’s creditworthiness is materially weaker than the original party to the derivative agreement. 10. CAPITAL STRUCTURE General Partnership Units The General Partner has complete discretion to manage and control the operations and business of the Operating Partnership, which includes but is not limited to the acquisition and disposition of real property, construction of buildings and making capital improvements, and the borrowing of funds from outside lenders or UDR and its subsidiaries to finance such activities. The General Partner can generally authorize, issue, sell, redeem or purchase any OP Unit or securities of the Operating Partnership without the approval of the limited partners. The General Partner can F - 82 Table of Contents UNITED DOMINION REALTY, L.P. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued) DECEMBER 31, 2020 also approve, with regard to the issuances of OP Units, the class or one or more series of classes, with designations, preferences, participating, optional or other special rights, powers and duties including rights, powers and duties senior to limited partnership interests without approval of any limited partners except holders of Class A Limited Partnership Units. There were 0.1 million General Partnership units outstanding at December 31, 2020 and 2019, all of which were held by UDR. Limited Partnership Units As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, there were 184.7 million and 184.0 million, respectively, of limited partnership units outstanding, of which 1.9 million were Class A Limited Partnership Units for both periods. UDR owned 176.1 million, or 95.3%, and 176.1 million, or 95.7%, of OP Units outstanding at December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively, of which 0.1 million were Class A Limited Partnership Units for both periods. The remaining 8.6 million, or 4.7%, and 7.9 million, or 4.3%, of OP Units outstanding were held by non-affiliated limited partners at December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively, of which 1.8 million were Class A Limited Partnership Units for both periods. Subject to the terms of the Operating Partnership Agreement, the limited partners have the right to require the Operating Partnership to redeem all or a portion of the OP Units held by the limited partner at a redemption price equal to and in the form of the Cash Amount (as defined in the Operating Partnership Agreement), provided that such OP Units have been outstanding for at least one year. UDR, as general partner of the Operating Partnership, may, in its sole discretion, purchase the OP Units by paying to the limited partner either the Cash Amount or the REIT Share Amount (generally one share of common stock of UDR for each OP Unit), as defined in the Operating Partnership Agreement. The non-affiliated limited partners’ capital is adjusted to redemption value at the end of each reporting period with the corresponding offset against UDR’s limited partner capital account based on the redemption rights noted above. The aggregate value upon redemption of the then-outstanding OP Units held by non-affiliated limited partners was $331.0 million and $366.4 million as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively, based on the value of UDR’s common stock at each period end. A limited partner has no right to receive any distributions from the Operating Partnership on or after the date of redemption of its OP Units. Class A Limited Partnership Units Class A Limited Partnership Units have a cumulative, annual, non-compounded preferred return, which is equal to 8% based on a value of $16.61 per Class A Limited Partnership Unit. Holders of the Class A Limited Partnership Units exclusively possess certain voting rights. The Operating Partnership may not do the following without approval of the holders of the Class A Limited Partnership Units: (i) increase the authorized or issued amount of Class A Limited Partnership Units, (ii) reclassify any other partnership interest into Class A Limited Partnership Units, (iii) create, authorize or issue any obligations or security convertible into or the right to purchase Class A Limited Partnership Units, (iv) enter into a merger or acquisition, or (v) amend or modify the Operating Partnership Agreement in a manner that adversely affects the relative rights, preferences or privileges of the Class A Limited Partnership Units. F - 83 Table of Contents UNITED DOMINION REALTY, L.P. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued) DECEMBER 31, 2020 The following table shows OP Units outstanding and OP Unit activity as of and for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019, and 2018 (units in thousands): Class A Limited Partners Limited Partners Limited Partner Ending balance at December 31, 2017 Vesting of LTIP Units OP redemptions for UDR stock Ending balance at December 31, 2018 Vesting of LTIP Units OP redemptions for UDR stock Ending balance at December 31, 2019 Vesting of LTIP Units OP redemptions for UDR stock Ending balance at December 31, 2020 LTIP Units 1,752 — — 1,752 — — 1,752 — — 1,752 7,361 286 (11) 7,636 427 (1,969) 6,094 772 (3) 6,863 UDR, Inc. Class A Limited Partner 121 — — 121 — — 174,006 — 11 174,017 — 1,969 175,986 — 3 175,989 121 — — 121 General Partner 111 — — 111 — — 111 — — 111 Total 183,351 286 — 183,637 427 — 184,064 772 — 184,836 UDR grants short-term and long-term incentive plan units (“LTIP Units”) to certain employees and non-employee directors. The LTIP Units represent an ownership interest in the Operating Partnership and have voting and distribution rights consistent with OP Units. The LTIP Units are subject to the terms of UDR’s long-term incentive plan. Two classes of LTIP Units are granted, Class 1 LTIP Units and Class 2 LTIP Units. Class 1 LTIP Units are granted to certain employees and non-employee directors and vest over a period of up to four years. Class 2 LTIP Units are granted to certain employees and vest over a period from one to three years subject to certain performance and market conditions being achieved. Vested LTIP Units may be converted into OP Units provided that such LTIP Units have been outstanding for at least two years from the date of grant. Allocation of Profits and Losses Profit of the Operating Partnership is allocated in the following order: (i) to the General Partner and the Limited Partners in proportion to and up to the amount of cash distributions made during the year, and (ii) to the General Partner and Limited Partners in accordance with their percentage interests. Losses and depreciation and amortization expenses, non-recourse liabilities are allocated to the General Partner and Limited Partners in accordance with their percentage interests. Losses allocated to the Limited Partners are capped to the extent that such an allocation would not cause a deficit in the Limited Partners’ capital account. Such losses are, therefore, allocated to the General Partner. If any Partner’s capital balance were to fall into a deficit, any income and gains are allocated to each Partner sufficient to eliminate its negative capital balance. 11. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES Contingencies Litigation and Legal Matters The Operating Partnership is subject to various legal proceedings and claims arising in the ordinary course of business. The Operating Partnership cannot determine the ultimate liability with respect to such legal proceedings and claims at this time. The General Partner believes that such liability, to the extent not provided for through insurance or otherwise, will not have a material adverse effect on the Operating Partnership’s financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. 12. REPORTABLE SEGMENTS GAAP guidance requires that segment disclosures present the measure(s) used by the Chief Operating Decision Maker to decide how to allocate resources and for purposes of assessing such segments’ performance. The Operating F - 84 Table of Contents UNITED DOMINION REALTY, L.P. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued) DECEMBER 31, 2020 Partnership has the same Chief Operating Decision Maker as that of its parent, the General Partner. The Chief Operating Decision Maker consists of several members of UDR’s executive management team who use several generally accepted industry financial measures to assess the performance of the business for our reportable operating segments. The Operating Partnership owns and operates multifamily apartment communities throughout the United States that generate rental and other property related income through the leasing of apartment homes to a diverse base of tenants. The primary financial measures of the Operating Partnership’s apartment communities are rental income and net operating income (“NOI”), and are included in the Chief Operating Decision Maker’s assessment of the Operating Partnership’s performance on a consolidated basis. Rental income represents gross market rent less adjustments for concessions, vacancy loss and bad debt. NOI is defined as total revenues less direct property operating expenses. Rental expenses include real estate taxes, insurance, personnel, utilities, repairs and maintenance, administrative and marketing. Excluded from NOI are property management costs, which are the Operating Partnership’s allocable share of costs incurred by the General Partner for shared services of corporate level property management employees and related support functions and costs. The Chief Operating Decision Maker of the General Partner utilizes NOI as the key measure of segment profit or loss. The Operating Partnership’s two reportable segments are Same-Store Communities and Non-Mature Communities/Other: ● Same-Store Communities represent those communities acquired, developed, and stabilized prior to January 1, 2019 and held as of December 31, 2020. A comparison of operating results from the prior year is meaningful as these communities were owned and had stabilized occupancy and operating expenses as of the beginning of the prior year, there is no plan to conduct substantial redevelopment activities, and the community is not classified as held for disposition within the current year. A community is considered to have stabilized occupancy once it achieves 90% occupancy for at least three consecutive months. ● Non-Mature Communities/Other represent those communities that do not meet the criteria to be included in Same- Store Communities, including, but not limited to, recently acquired, developed and redeveloped communities, and the non-apartment components of mixed use properties. Management of the General Partner evaluates the performance of each of the Operating Partnership’s apartment communities on a Same-Store Community and Non-Mature Community/Other basis, as well as individually and geographically. This is consistent with the aggregation criteria under GAAP as each of our apartment communities generally has similar economic characteristics, facilities, services, and tenants. Therefore, the Operating Partnership’s reportable segments have been aggregated by geography in a manner identical to that which is provided to the Chief Operating Decision Maker. All revenues are from external customers and no single tenant or related group of tenants contributed 10% or more of the Operating Partnership’s total revenues during the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019, and 2018. The following is a description of the principal streams from which the Operating Partnership generates its revenue: Lease Revenue Lease revenue related to leases is recognized on an accrual basis when due from residents or tenants in accordance with ASC 842, Leases. Rental payments are generally due on a monthly basis and recognized on a straight-line basis over the noncancellable lease term because collection of the lease payments was probable at lease commencement, inclusive of any periods covered by an option to extend the lease if the lessee is reasonably certain to exercise that option. In addition, in circumstances where a lease incentive is provided to tenants, the incentive is recognized as a reduction of lease revenue on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Lease revenue also includes all pass-through revenue from retail and residential leases and common area maintenance reimbursements from retail leases. These services represent non-lease components in a contract as the Operating Partnership transfers a service to the lessee other than the right to use the underlying asset. The Operating Partnership has elected the practical expedient under the leasing standard to not separate lease and non-lease components F - 85 Table of Contents UNITED DOMINION REALTY, L.P. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued) DECEMBER 31, 2020 from its resident and retail lease contracts as the timing and pattern of revenue recognition for the non-lease component and related lease component are the same and the combined single lease component would be classified as an operating lease. Other Revenue Other revenue is generated by services provided by the Operating Partnership to its retail and residential tenants and other unrelated third parties. The Operating Partnership recognizes revenue when it satisfies a performance obligation by providing the services specified in a contract to the customer. These fees are generally recognized as earned. F - 86 Table of Contents UNITED DOMINION REALTY, L.P. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued) DECEMBER 31, 2020 The following table details rental income and NOI for the Operating Partnership’s reportable segments for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019, and 2018, and reconciles NOI to Net income/(loss) attributable to OP unitholders on the Consolidated Statements of Operations (dollars in thousands): Reportable apartment home segment lease revenue Same-Store Communities (a) West Region Mid-Atlantic Region Northeast Region Southeast Region Southwest Region Non-Mature Communities/Other Total segment and consolidated lease revenue Reportable apartment home segment other revenue Same-Store Communities (a) West Region Mid-Atlantic Region Northeast Region Southeast Region Southwest Region Non-Mature Communities/Other Total segment and consolidated other revenue Total reportable apartment home segment rental income Same-Store Communities (a) West Region Mid-Atlantic Region Northeast Region Southeast Region Southwest Region Non-Mature Communities/Other Total segment and consolidated rental income Reportable apartment home segment NOI Same-Store Communities (a) West Region Mid-Atlantic Region Northeast Region Southeast Region Southwest Region Non-Mature Communities/Other Total segment and consolidated NOI Reconciling items: Property management Other operating expenses Real estate depreciation and amortization General and administrative Casualty-related (charges)/recoveries, net Gain/(loss) on sale of real estate owned Income/(loss) from unconsolidated entities Interest expense Net (income)/loss attributable to noncontrolling interests Net income/(loss) attributable to OP unitholders (a) Same-Store Community population consisted of 15,609 apartment homes. F - 87 Year Ended December 31, 2019 2018 2020 $ 240,776 50,566 27,701 52,471 7,118 35,559 $ 414,191 $ 248,474 50,975 32,224 50,795 7,632 37,658 $ 427,758 $ $ $ 7,388 1,593 476 2,542 217 2,340 14,556 7,873 1,706 646 2,925 301 564 14,015 $ $ $ $ 238,886 50,131 31,693 49,132 7,463 41,577 418,882 7,161 1,489 622 2,764 238 764 13,038 $ 248,164 52,159 28,177 55,013 7,335 37,899 $ 428,747 $ 256,347 52,681 32,870 53,720 7,933 38,222 $ 441,773 $ 246,047 51,620 32,315 51,896 7,701 42,341 $ 431,920 $ 186,290 36,043 17,340 37,577 5,199 20,838 $ 303,287 (12,326) (16,138) (143,005) (17,987) (793) 57,960 (5,543) (29,357) (1,869) $ 134,229 $ 196,302 36,830 24,103 37,340 5,621 22,810 $ 323,006 $ 187,664 36,028 24,578 35,948 5,125 28,037 $ 317,380 (12,701) (9,488) (139,975) (18,014) (853) — (8,313) (29,667) (1,832) $ 102,163 (11,878) (8,864) (143,481) (16,889) (951) 75,507 43,496 (22,835) (1,722) $ 229,763 Table of Contents UNITED DOMINION REALTY, L.P. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued) DECEMBER 31, 2020 The following table details the assets of the Operating Partnership’s reportable segments as of December 31, 2020 and 2019 (dollars in thousands): Reportable apartment home segment assets Same-Store Communities (a): West Region Mid-Atlantic Region Northeast Region Southeast Region Southwest Region Non-Mature Communities/Other Total segment assets Accumulated depreciation Total segment assets - net book value Reconciling items: Cash and cash equivalents Restricted cash Investment in unconsolidated entities Operating lease right-of-use assets Other assets Total consolidated assets December 31, December 31, 2020 2019 $ $ 2,037,133 551,003 410,406 361,497 144,959 538,727 4,043,725 (1,892,011) 2,151,714 26 15,062 51,302 202,438 37,025 2,457,567 $ $ 2,011,495 541,481 408,703 352,790 144,210 416,481 3,875,160 (1,796,568) 2,078,592 24 13,998 76,222 205,668 24,241 2,398,745 (a) Same-Store Community population consisted of 15,609 apartment homes. Markets included in the above geographic segments are as follows: i. West Region — Orange County, San Francisco, Seattle, Monterey Peninsula, Los Angeles, Other Southern California and Portland ii. Mid-Atlantic Region — Metropolitan D.C. and Baltimore iii. iv. v. Northeast Region — Boston and New York Southeast Region — Tampa, Nashville and Other Florida Southwest — Denver F - 88 Table of Contents [This page is intentionally left blank.] Table of Contents UDR, INC. SCHEDULE III — REAL ESTATE OWNED DECEMBER 31, 2020 (In thousands) Initial Costs Gross Amount at Which Carried at Close of Period Encumbrances Land and Land Improvements Buildings and Improvements Total Initial Acquisition Costs Costs of Improvements Capitalized Subsequent to Acquisition Costs Land and Land Improvements Buildings & Buildings Improvements Total Carrying Value Accumulated Depreciation Date of Construction(a) Date Acquired $ WEST REGION Harbor at Mesa Verde 27 Seventy Five Mesa Verde Huntington Vista Missions at Back Bay Eight 80 Newport Beach - North Eight 80 Newport Beach - South Foxborough 1818 Platinum Triangle Beach & Ocean The Residences at Bella Terra Los Alisos at Mission Viejo The Residences at Pacific City ORANGE COUNTY, CA 2000 Post Street Birch Creek Highlands Of Marin Marina Playa River Terrace CitySouth Bay Terrace Highlands of Marin Phase II Edgewater Almaden Lake Village 388 Beale Channel @ Mission Bay SAN FRANCISCO, CA Crowne Pointe Hilltop The Hawthorne The Kennedy Hearthstone at Merrill Creek Island Square elements too 989elements Lightbox Ashton Bellevue TEN20 Milehouse CityLine CityLine II SEATTLE, WA Boronda Manor Garden Court Cambridge Court Laurel Tree The Pointe At Harden Ranch The Pointe At Northridge The Pointe At Westlake MONTEREY PENINSULA, CA Rosebeach Tierra Del Rey The Westerly Jefferson at Marina del Rey LOS ANGELES, CA Verano at Rancho Cucamonga Town Square Windemere at Sycamore Highland — $ — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 27,000 — — 27,000 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 20,476 99,329 8,055 229 62,516 58,785 12,071 16,663 12,878 25,000 17,298 78,085 411,385 9,861 4,365 5,996 6,224 22,161 14,031 8,545 5,353 30,657 594 14,253 23,625 145,665 2,486 2,174 6,474 6,179 6,848 21,284 27,468 8,541 6,449 8,287 5,247 5,976 11,220 3,723 122,356 1,946 888 3,039 1,304 6,388 2,044 1,329 16,938 8,414 39,586 48,182 55,651 151,833 13,557 5,810 $ 28,538 110,644 22,486 14,129 $ 49,014 209,973 30,541 14,358 $ 46,082 108,598 50,067 6,187 51,905 — — — — 330,038 44,578 16,696 24,868 23,916 40,137 30,537 14,458 18,559 83,872 42,515 74,104 — 414,240 6,437 7,408 30,226 22,307 30,922 89,389 72,036 45,990 38,884 124,939 76,587 63,041 85,787 56,843 750,796 8,982 4,188 12,883 5,115 23,854 8,028 5,334 68,384 17,449 36,679 102,364 — 156,492 3,645 23,450 108,852 18,258 68,568 12,878 25,000 17,298 78,085 741,423 54,439 21,061 30,864 30,140 62,298 44,568 23,003 23,912 114,529 43,109 88,357 23,625 559,905 8,923 9,582 36,700 28,486 37,770 110,673 99,504 54,531 45,333 133,226 81,834 69,017 97,007 60,566 873,152 10,928 5,076 15,922 6,419 30,242 10,072 6,663 85,322 25,863 76,265 150,546 55,651 308,325 17,202 29,260 $ 23,282 106,411 14,742 4,129 46,676 37,225 5,034 4,556 39,458 129,847 70,880 276,948 759,188 37,292 10,462 29,045 14,413 8,941 39,859 7,598 11,361 13,128 9,940 15,269 131,470 328,778 9,928 6,882 9,397 4,403 9,325 7,991 20,580 5,668 1,265 3,185 4,110 929 420 451 84,534 11,521 6,791 18,790 7,999 34,192 12,411 8,198 99,902 6,859 9,294 43,809 94,879 154,841 59,704 5,513 22,317 116,177 9,302 11,052 69,331 60,961 12,576 17,090 13,121 25,658 16,685 78,227 452,497 14,417 1,409 8,086 1,336 22,998 16,681 11,679 5,782 30,804 981 14,643 24,039 152,855 3,237 3,053 7,137 6,317 7,311 21,674 30,347 8,683 6,474 8,368 5,293 6,007 11,228 3,723 128,852 3,363 1,616 5,721 2,469 10,392 3,624 2,361 29,546 8,917 40,031 50,893 61,607 161,448 24,355 6,371 $ 49,979 200,207 35,981 7,435 $ 72,296 316,384 45,283 18,487 $ 37,780 147,609 27,136 5,837 1965/2003 1979/2013 1970 1969 Jun-03 Oct-04 Jun-03 Dec-03 85,943 155,274 64,662 1968/2000/2016 Oct-04 85,116 10,716 56,034 39,215 129,189 71,493 276,806 1,048,114 77,314 30,114 51,823 43,217 48,241 67,746 18,922 29,491 96,853 52,068 88,983 131,056 735,828 15,614 13,411 38,960 26,572 39,784 96,990 89,737 51,516 40,124 128,043 80,651 63,939 86,199 57,294 828,834 19,086 10,251 28,991 11,949 54,042 18,859 12,500 155,678 23,805 45,528 143,462 88,923 301,718 52,551 28,402 146,077 23,292 73,124 52,336 154,847 88,178 355,033 1,500,611 91,731 31,523 59,909 44,553 71,239 84,427 30,601 35,273 127,657 53,049 103,626 155,095 888,683 18,851 16,464 46,097 32,889 47,095 118,664 120,084 60,199 46,598 136,411 85,944 69,946 97,427 61,017 957,686 22,449 11,867 34,712 14,418 64,434 22,483 14,861 185,224 32,722 85,559 194,355 150,530 463,166 76,906 34,773 59,802 8,033 33,489 15,074 58,013 30,904 55,308 543,647 46,827 18,789 39,256 26,198 33,870 51,728 12,980 21,081 61,120 33,775 48,151 56,161 449,936 11,696 9,868 27,979 17,882 24,773 61,271 67,882 29,943 15,968 30,424 19,241 17,016 21,804 8,079 363,826 12,517 6,763 19,495 7,870 35,017 12,598 8,071 102,331 17,614 28,994 91,044 57,719 195,371 44,276 22,167 1968/2000/2016 1969 2009 2014 2013 2014 2018 1987/2016 1968 1991/2010 1971 2005 1972/2012 1962 1968/2010 2007 1999 1999 2014 1987 1985 2003 2005 2000 2007 2010 2006 2014 2009 2009 2016 2016 2018 1979 1973 1974 1977 1986 1979 1975 1970 1998 1993/2013 2008 2006 2001 Mar-05 Sep-04 Aug-10 Aug-11 Oct-11 Jun-04 Jan-14 Dec-98 Dec-98 Dec-98 Dec-98 Aug-05 Nov-05 Oct-05 Oct-07 Mar-08 Jul-08 Apr-11 Sep-10 Dec-98 Dec-98 Jul-05 Nov-05 May-08 Jul-08 Feb-10 Dec-09 Aug-14 Oct-16 Oct-16 Nov-16 Jan-17 Jan-19 Dec-98 Dec-98 Dec-98 Dec-98 Dec-98 Dec-98 Dec-98 Sep-04 Dec-07 Sep-10 Sep-07 Oct-02 Nov-02 S - 1 Table of Contents Strata OTHER SOUTHERN CA Tualatin Heights Hunt Club The Arbory PORTLAND, OR TOTAL WEST REGION MID-ATLANTIC REGION Dominion Middle Ridge Dominion Lake Ridge Presidential Greens The Whitmore Ridgewood -apts side Waterside Towers Wellington Place at Olde Town Andover House Sullivan Place Delancey at Shirlington View 14 Signal Hill Apartments Capitol View on 14th Domain College Park 1200 East West Courts at Huntington Station Eleven55 Ripley Arbor Park of Alexandria Courts at Dulles Newport Village 1301 Thomas Circle Crescent Falls Church Station on Silver METROPOLITAN, D.C. Calvert's Walk 20 Lambourne Domain Brewers Hill Rodgers Forge Towson Promenade BALTIMORE, MD Gayton Pointe Townhomes Waterside At Ironbridge Carriage Homes at Wyndham Legacy at Mayland RICHMOND, VA TOTAL MID-ATLANTIC REGION NORTHEAST REGION 10 Hanover Square 21 Chelsea View 34 95 Wall Street Leonard Pointe One William NEW YORK, NY Garrison Square Ridge at Blue Hills Inwood West UDR, INC. SCHEDULE III — REAL ESTATE OWNED - (Continued) DECEMBER 31, 2020 (In thousands) Initial Costs Gross Amount at Which Carried at Close of Period Encumbrances — — — — — — Land and Land Improvements 14,278 33,645 3,273 6,014 4,366 13,653 895,475 Buildings and Improvements 84,242 111,337 9,134 14,870 63,457 87,461 1,918,748 Total Initial Acquisition Costs 98,520 144,982 12,407 20,884 67,823 101,114 2,814,223 Costs of Improvements Capitalized Subsequent to Acquisition Costs 1,086 66,303 9,974 8,861 375 19,210 1,512,756 Land and Land Improvements 14,278 45,004 4,285 6,564 4,366 15,215 985,417 Buildings & Buildings Improvements 85,328 166,281 18,096 23,181 63,832 105,109 3,341,562 Total Carrying Value 99,606 211,285 22,381 29,745 68,198 120,324 4,326,979 Accumulated Depreciation 5,273 71,716 13,414 18,262 3,990 35,666 1,762,493 27,000 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 160,930 — 127,600 — — — 288,530 — — — — 58,600 58,600 — — — — — 3,311 2,366 11,238 6,418 5,612 13,001 13,753 183 1,137 21,606 5,710 13,290 31,393 7,300 9,748 27,749 15,566 50,881 14,697 55,283 27,836 13,687 16,661 368,426 4,408 11,750 4,669 15,392 12,599 48,818 826 1,844 474 1,979 5,123 13,283 8,387 18,790 13,411 20,086 49,657 36,059 59,948 103,676 66,765 97,941 — — — 68,022 111,878 107,539 159,728 83,834 177,454 128,191 88,692 109,198 1,522,539 24,692 45,590 40,630 67,958 78,847 257,717 5,148 13,239 30,997 11,524 60,908 16,594 10,753 30,028 19,829 25,698 62,658 49,812 60,131 104,813 88,371 103,651 13,290 31,393 7,300 77,770 139,627 123,105 210,609 98,531 232,737 156,027 102,379 125,859 1,890,965 29,100 57,340 45,299 83,350 91,446 306,535 5,974 15,083 31,471 13,503 66,031 347,130 422,367 1,841,164 2,263,531 — — — — — — — — 25,000 80,000 41,432 36,399 114,410 57,637 38,010 6,422 294,310 6,475 6,039 20,778 218,983 107,154 324,920 266,255 93,204 75,527 1,086,043 91,027 34,869 88,096 260,415 143,553 439,330 323,892 131,214 81,949 1,380,353 97,502 40,908 108,874 4,452 3,170 11,878 7,624 6,482 50,752 14,971 320 1,867 21,713 5,785 25,594 31,478 7,526 9,888 28,115 15,897 51,562 14,782 55,725 27,842 13,694 16,661 427,778 5,196 12,454 4,833 15,565 12,607 50,655 3,600 2,642 4,158 5,546 15,946 28,317 17,617 32,025 37,380 32,414 45,673 56,474 66,870 118,447 74,341 104,120 60,380 97,097 60,629 71,532 116,435 112,330 166,022 94,467 201,053 129,728 89,786 109,209 1,922,346 33,815 57,314 43,185 72,968 80,410 287,692 34,017 22,719 38,183 43,041 137,960 32,769 20,787 43,903 45,004 38,896 96,425 71,445 67,190 120,314 96,054 109,905 85,974 128,575 68,155 81,420 144,550 128,227 217,584 109,249 256,778 157,570 103,480 125,870 2,350,124 39,011 69,768 48,018 88,533 93,017 338,347 37,617 25,361 42,341 48,587 153,906 17,485 13,548 25,745 30,124 25,282 31,613 43,548 41,876 76,621 46,351 55,928 44,807 46,206 26,385 20,981 39,391 32,511 55,367 33,782 68,828 11,545 6,495 600 795,019 26,175 36,827 24,816 8,648 5,829 102,295 31,703 17,564 29,877 39,006 118,150 494,379 2,347,998 2,842,377 1,015,464 41,815 36,530 116,048 58,084 38,016 6,459 296,952 6,617 6,470 19,826 247,675 122,384 437,666 276,681 94,604 76,396 1,255,406 116,884 40,347 103,436 289,490 158,914 553,714 334,765 132,620 82,855 1,552,358 123,501 46,817 123,262 116,732 62,144 227,237 156,590 12,161 7,574 582,438 60,567 23,250 59,007 16,175 10,034 13,875 25,175 13,198 33,767 21,633 7,059 15,501 7,683 6,254 72,684 97,182 60,855 3,650 4,923 5,122 6,975 10,718 24,041 1,543 1,101 11 459,159 9,911 12,428 2,719 5,183 1,571 31,812 31,643 10,278 10,870 35,084 87,875 578,846 29,075 15,361 114,384 10,873 1,406 906 172,005 25,999 5,909 14,388 S - 2 Date of Construction(a) 2010 Date Acquired Nov-19 1989 1985 2018 1990 1987 1938 1962/2008 1988 1971 1987/2008 2004 2007 2006/2007 2009 2010 2013 2014 2010 2011 2014 1969/2015 2000 1968 2006 2010 2018 1988 2003 2009 1945 2009 1973/2007 1987 1998 1973/2007 2005 2001 1985/2013 2008 2015 2018 1887/1990 2007 2006 Dec-98 Sep-04 Jan-20 Jun-96 Feb-96 May-02 Apr-02 Aug-02 Dec-03 Sep-05 Mar-07 Dec-07 Mar-08 Jun-11 Mar-07 Sep-07 Jun-11 Oct-15 Oct-15 Oct-15 Oct-15 Oct-15 Oct-15 Aug-19 Nov-19 Dec-20 Mar-04 Mar-08 Aug-10 Apr-19 Nov-19 Sep-95 Sep-97 Nov-03 Dec-91 Apr-11 Aug-11 Jul-11 Aug-11 Feb-19 Aug-19 Sep-10 Sep-10 Apr-11 Table of Contents 14 North 100 Pier 4 345 Harrison Currents on the Charles The Commons at Windsor Gardens Charles River Landing Lenox Farms Lodge at Ames Pond BOSTON, MA Park Square PHILADELPHIA, PA TOTAL NORTHEAST REGION SOUTHEAST REGION Summit West The Breyley Lakewood Place Cambridge Woods Inlet Bay MacAlpine Place The Vintage Lofts at West End Peridot Palms The Preserve at Gateway The Slade at Channelside Andover Place at Cross Creek TAMPA, FL Seabrook Altamira Place Regatta Shore Alafaya Woods Los Altos Lotus Landing Seville On The Green Ashton @ Waterford Arbors at Lee Vista ORLANDO, FL Legacy Hill Hickory Run Carrington Hills Brookridge Breckenridge Colonnade The Preserve at Brentwood Polo Park NASHVILLE, TN The Reserve and Park at Riverbridge OTHER FLORIDA TOTAL SOUTHEAST REGION SOUTHWEST REGION Thirty377 Legacy Village Addison Apts at The Park Addison Apts at The Park II Addison Apts at The Park I Savoye Savoye 2 UDR, INC. SCHEDULE III — REAL ESTATE OWNED - (Continued) DECEMBER 31, 2020 (In thousands) Initial Costs Gross Amount at Which Carried at Close of Period Encumbrances 72,500 — — — Land and Land Improvements 10,961 24,584 32,938 12,580 Buildings and Improvements 51,175 — — 70,149 Land and Land Improvements 11,483 24,825 44,894 12,693 Buildings & Buildings Improvements 64,576 203,099 316,652 71,607 Accumulated Depreciation 38,209 61,812 44,083 7,350 Date of Construction(a) 2005 2015 2018 2015 — — 94,050 — 271,550 — — 271,550 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 25,000 90,000 — — — — — 34,609 17,068 17,692 12,645 196,369 10,365 10,365 501,044 2,176 1,780 1,395 1,791 7,702 10,869 6,611 6,293 4,467 10,216 11,702 65,002 1,846 1,533 757 1,653 2,804 2,185 1,282 3,872 6,692 22,624 1,148 1,469 2,117 708 766 1,460 3,182 4,583 15,433 15,968 15,968 119,027 24,036 16,882 22,041 7,903 10,440 8,432 6,451 225,515 112,777 115,899 70,653 860,160 96,050 96,050 2,042,253 4,710 2,458 10,647 7,166 23,150 36,858 37,663 89,752 43,723 72,786 107,761 436,674 4,155 11,076 6,608 9,042 12,349 8,639 6,498 17,538 12,860 88,765 5,867 11,584 — 5,461 7,714 16,015 24,674 16,293 87,608 56,401 56,401 669,448 32,951 100,102 11,228 554 634 50,483 56,615 Total Initial Acquisition Costs 62,136 24,584 32,938 82,729 260,124 129,845 133,591 83,298 1,056,529 106,415 106,415 2,543,297 6,886 4,238 12,042 8,957 30,852 47,727 44,274 96,045 48,190 83,002 119,463 501,676 6,001 12,609 7,365 10,695 15,153 10,824 7,780 21,410 19,552 111,389 7,015 13,053 2,117 6,169 8,480 17,475 27,856 20,876 103,041 72,369 72,369 788,475 56,987 116,984 33,269 8,457 11,074 58,915 63,066 Costs of Improvements Capitalized Subsequent to Acquisition Costs 13,923 203,340 328,608 1,571 13,146 1,094 3,002 1,872 612,852 1,321 1,321 786,178 13,247 19,516 13,985 13,118 21,301 14,572 23,410 1,446 1,390 2,015 76 124,076 10,785 23,989 18,996 13,417 14,349 13,198 8,929 7,597 17,453 128,713 11,324 14,873 39,856 7,786 7,329 9,392 11,689 18,537 120,786 17,261 17,261 390,836 21,167 26,248 14,434 7,752 1,883 2,508 1,232 S - 3 Total Carrying Value 76,059 227,924 361,546 84,300 273,270 130,939 136,593 85,170 1,669,381 107,736 107,736 3,329,475 20,133 23,754 26,027 22,075 52,153 62,299 67,684 97,491 49,580 85,017 119,539 625,752 16,786 36,598 26,361 24,112 29,502 24,022 16,709 29,007 37,005 240,102 18,339 27,926 41,973 13,955 15,809 26,867 39,545 39,413 223,827 238,657 113,869 118,898 72,525 1,460,550 97,252 97,252 2,813,208 16,106 19,842 22,770 18,463 41,544 49,882 51,816 91,186 45,109 74,759 107,830 539,307 13,592 32,558 23,965 21,241 24,915 20,901 14,789 24,400 29,246 205,607 16,298 25,242 36,957 12,460 14,270 24,427 35,358 33,197 198,209 72,730 72,730 1,015,853 89,630 89,630 1,179,311 51,942 121,841 16,504 5,154 4,504 52,952 57,837 78,154 143,232 47,703 16,209 12,957 61,423 64,298 34,613 17,070 17,695 12,645 208,831 10,484 10,484 516,267 4,027 3,912 3,257 3,612 10,609 12,417 15,868 6,305 4,471 10,258 11,709 86,445 3,194 4,040 2,396 2,871 4,587 3,121 1,920 4,607 7,759 34,495 2,041 2,684 5,016 1,495 1,539 2,440 4,187 6,216 25,618 16,900 16,900 163,458 26,212 21,391 31,199 11,055 8,453 8,471 6,461 Date Acquired Apr-11 Dec-15 Nov-11 Jun-19 Aug-19 Nov-19 Nov-19 Nov-19 May-19 Dec-92 Sep-93 Mar-94 Jun-97 Jun-03 Dec-04 Jul-09 Feb-19 May-19 Jan-20 1969 2010 2009 2010 2018 1972 1977/2007 1986 1985 1988/1989 2001 2009 2017 2013 2009 1997/1999 Nov-20 1984/2004 1984/2007 1988/2007 1989/2006 1990/2004 1985/2006 1986/2004 2000 1992/2007 1977 1989 1999 1986 1986 1998 1998 1987/2008 Feb-96 Apr-94 Jun-94 Oct-94 Oct-96 Jul-97 Oct-97 May-98 Aug-06 Nov-95 Dec-95 Dec-95 Mar-96 Mar-97 Jan-99 Jun-04 May-06 1999/2001 Dec-04 1999/2007 2005/06/07 1977/78/79 1970 1975 2009 2011 Aug-06 Mar-08 May-07 May-07 May-07 Nov-19 Nov-19 27,794 8,229 8,616 5,320 344,237 11,306 11,306 937,981 14,234 19,568 18,921 15,045 34,547 36,966 36,077 11,914 5,053 4,719 1,223 198,267 11,946 29,899 21,164 17,240 20,338 15,939 11,816 17,840 22,157 168,339 13,833 18,126 28,441 9,894 10,882 17,504 27,778 27,438 153,896 52,555 52,555 573,057 36,152 79,544 11,917 3,682 2,993 3,868 4,165 Table of Contents Fiori on Vitruvian Park Vitruvian West Phase 1 DALLAS, TX Barton Creek Landing Residences at the Domain Red Stone Ranch Lakeline Villas AUSTIN, TX Steele Creek DENVER, CO UDR, INC. SCHEDULE III — REAL ESTATE OWNED - (Continued) DECEMBER 31, 2020 (In thousands) Initial Costs Gross Amount at Which Carried at Close of Period Encumbrances 49,553 41,317 205,870 — — — — — — — Land and Land Improvements 7,934 6,273 110,392 3,151 4,034 5,084 4,148 16,417 8,586 8,586 135,395 Buildings and Improvements 78,575 61,418 392,560 14,269 55,256 17,646 16,869 104,040 130,400 130,400 627,000 Total Initial Acquisition Costs 86,509 67,691 502,952 17,420 59,290 22,730 21,017 120,457 138,986 138,986 762,395 Costs of Improvements Capitalized Subsequent to Acquisition Costs 2,090 852 78,166 25,130 15,761 6,068 4,066 51,025 6,012 6,012 135,203 Land and Land Improvements 7,938 6,279 127,459 5,439 4,608 5,704 4,674 20,425 8,640 8,640 156,524 Buildings & Buildings Improvements 80,661 62,264 453,659 37,111 70,443 23,094 20,409 151,057 136,358 136,358 741,074 Total Carrying Value 88,599 68,543 581,118 42,550 75,051 28,798 25,083 171,482 144,998 144,998 897,598 Accumulated Depreciation 5,878 4,739 152,938 31,281 44,676 13,419 12,009 101,385 25,139 25,139 279,462 Date of Construction(a) 2013 2018 Date Acquired Nov-19 Nov-19 1986/2012 2007 2000 2002 2015 Mar-02 Aug-08 Apr-12 Apr-12 Oct-17 TOTAL SOUTHWEST REGION 205,870 TOTAL OPERATING COMMUNITIES REAL ESTATE UNDER DEVELOPMENT Vitruvian West Phase 2 Cirrus 5421 at Dublin Station 440 Penn Street Village at Valley Forge TOTAL REAL ESTATE UNDER DEVELOPMENT LAND Vitruvian Park® TOTAL LAND HELD FOR DISPOSITION Parallel TOTAL HELD FOR DISPOSITION COMMERCIAL Brookhaven Shopping Center TOTAL COMMERCIAL Other (b) 1745 Shea Center I TOTAL CORPORATE TOTAL COMMERCIAL & CORPORATE 851,550 2,073,308 7,098,613 9,171,921 3,403,819 2,316,045 10,259,695 12,575,740 4,568,457 — — — — — 6,451 13,853 8,922 27,135 17,341 — 73,702 — — — 39,609 39,609 15,181 15,798 — — — — 15,798 4,997 4,997 22,249 13,853 8,922 27,135 17,341 89,500 44,606 44,606 100,595 115,776 — 15,181 100,595 115,776 — — — — — — — — 3,034 3,034 — — — 20,534 20,534 — — — 23,568 23,568 — 3,034 20,534 23,568 34,775 53,272 48,877 18,784 2,669 158,377 17,076 17,076 879 879 29,927 29,927 14,007 2,016 16,023 45,950 6,451 13,853 8,922 27,135 17,341 73,702 46,664 46,664 15,184 15,184 7,793 7,793 — 3,086 3,086 10,879 50,573 53,272 48,877 18,784 2,669 57,024 67,125 57,799 45,919 20,010 174,175 247,877 15,018 15,018 61,682 61,682 101,471 116,655 101,471 116,655 22,134 22,134 14,007 22,498 36,505 58,639 29,927 29,927 14,007 25,584 39,591 69,518 1,010 — — — — 1,010 2,818 2,818 13,779 13,779 14,646 14,646 94 4,562 4,656 19,302 Deferred Financing Costs and Other Non-Cash Adjustments TOTAL REAL ESTATE OWNED 10,597 862,147 $ $ 2,204,834 $ 7,240,537 $ 9,445,371 $ 3,626,101 $ 2,462,474 $ 10,608,998 $ 13,071,472 $ 4,605,366 (a) Date of original construction/date of last major renovation, if applicable. (b) Includes unallocated accruals and capital expenditures. The aggregate cost for federal income tax purposes was approximately $12.3 billion at December 31, 2020 (unaudited). The estimated depreciable lives for all buildings in the latest Consolidated Statements of Operations are 30 to 55 years. S - 4 Table of Contents UDR, INC. SCHEDULE III — REAL ESTATE OWNED - (Continued) DECEMBER 31, 2020 (In thousands) 3-YEAR ROLLFORWARD OF REAL ESTATE OWNED AND ACCUMULATED DEPRECIATION The following is a reconciliation of the carrying amount of total real estate owned at December 31, (in thousands): Balance at beginning of the year Real estate acquired Capital expenditures and development Real estate sold Balance at end of the year 2020 12,602,101 413,488 299,986 (244,103) 13,071,472 $ $ 2019 10,196,159 2,241,163 195,981 (31,202) 12,602,101 $ $ $ $ 2018 10,177,206 — 214,898 (195,945) 10,196,159 The following is a reconciliation of total accumulated depreciation for real estate owned at December 31, (in thousands): Balance at beginning of the year Depreciation expense for the year Accumulated depreciation on sales Balance at end of year 2020 4,131,353 560,876 (86,863) 4,605,366 $ $ 2019 3,654,160 477,193 $ — $ 4,131,353 2018 3,330,166 426,006 (102,012) 3,654,160 $ $ S - 5 Table of Contents UNITED DOMINION REALTY, L.P. SCHEDULE III — REAL ESTATE OWNED DECEMBER 31, 2020 (In thousands) Initial Costs Gross Amount at Which Carried at Close of Period Encumbrances Land and Land Improvements Building and Improvements Cost of Improvements Capitalized Subsequent to Acquisition Costs Total Initial Acquisition Costs Land and Land Improvements Buildings & Buildings Improvements Total Carrying Accumulated Depreciation Value Date of Construction (a) Date Acquired $ 37,780 147,609 27,136 5,837 1965/2003 1979/2013 1970 1969 Jun-03 Oct-04 Jun-03 Dec-03 64,662 1968/2000/2016 Oct-04 1968/2000/2016 Mar-05 WEST REGION $ Harbor at Mesa Verde 27 Seventy Five Mesa Verde Huntington Vista Missions at Back Bay Eight 80 Newport Beach - North Eight 80 Newport Beach - South ORANGE COUNTY, CA 2000 Post Street Birch Creek Highlands Of Marin Marina Playa River Terrace CitySouth Bay Terrace Highlands of Marin Phase II Edgewater Almaden Lake Village SAN FRANCISCO, CA Crowne Pointe Hilltop The Kennedy Hearthstone at Merrill Creek Island Square SEATTLE, WA Boronda Manor Garden Court Cambridge Court Laurel Tree The Pointe At Harden Ranch The Pointe At Northridge The Pointe At Westlake MONTEREY PENINSULA, CA Rosebeach Tierra Del Rey LOS ANGELES, CA Verano at Rancho Cucamonga Town Square OTHER SOUTHERN CA Tualatin Heights Hunt Club PORTLAND, OR TOTAL WEST REGION MID-ATLANTIC REGION Ridgewood -apts side Wellington Place at Olde Town Andover House Sullivan Place Courts at Huntington Station Station on Silver METROPOLITAN D.C. Calvert's Walk 20 Lambourne BALTIMORE, MD TOTAL MID-ATLANTIC REGION — $ — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 27,000 27,000 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 27,000 — — — — — — — — — — 20,476 99,329 8,055 229 62,516 58,785 249,390 9,861 4,365 5,996 6,224 22,161 14,031 8,545 5,353 30,657 594 107,787 2,486 2,174 6,179 6,848 21,284 38,971 1,946 888 3,039 1,304 6,388 2,044 1,329 16,938 8,414 39,586 48,000 13,557 13,557 3,273 6,014 9,287 483,930 5,612 13,753 183 1,137 27,749 16,661 65,095 4,408 11,750 16,158 $ $ 28,538 110,644 22,486 14,129 49,014 209,973 30,541 14,358 $ 46,082 108,598 50,067 271,946 44,578 16,696 24,868 23,916 40,137 30,537 14,458 18,559 83,872 42,515 340,136 6,437 7,408 22,307 30,922 89,389 156,463 8,982 4,188 12,883 5,115 23,854 8,028 5,334 68,384 17,449 36,679 54,128 3,645 3,645 9,134 14,870 24,004 918,706 108,852 521,336 54,439 21,061 30,864 30,140 62,298 44,568 23,003 23,912 114,529 43,109 447,923 8,923 9,582 28,486 37,770 110,673 195,434 10,928 5,076 15,922 6,419 30,242 10,072 6,663 85,322 25,863 76,265 102,128 17,202 17,202 12,407 20,884 33,291 1,402,636 20,086 25,698 36,059 59,948 103,676 111,878 109,198 440,845 24,692 45,590 70,282 49,812 60,131 104,813 139,627 125,859 505,940 29,100 57,340 86,440 — 81,253 511,127 592,380 $ 23,282 106,411 14,742 4,129 46,676 37,225 232,465 24,689 10,462 29,045 14,413 8,941 39,859 7,598 11,361 13,128 9,940 169,436 9,928 6,882 4,403 9,325 7,991 38,529 11,521 6,791 18,790 7,999 34,192 12,411 8,198 99,902 6,859 9,294 16,153 59,704 59,704 9,974 8,861 18,835 635,024 13,198 21,633 7,059 15,438 4,923 11 62,262 9,911 12,428 22,339 84,601 $ 22,317 116,177 9,302 11,052 69,331 60,961 289,140 11,126 1,409 8,086 1,336 22,998 16,681 11,679 5,782 30,804 981 110,882 3,237 3,053 6,317 7,311 21,674 41,592 3,363 1,616 5,721 2,469 10,392 3,624 2,361 29,546 8,917 40,031 48,948 24,355 24,355 4,285 6,564 10,849 555,312 6,482 14,971 320 1,870 28,115 16,661 68,419 5,196 12,454 17,650 86,069 49,979 200,207 35,981 7,435 85,943 85,116 464,661 68,002 30,114 51,823 43,217 48,241 67,746 18,922 29,491 96,853 52,068 506,477 15,614 13,411 26,572 39,784 96,990 192,371 19,086 10,251 28,991 11,949 54,042 18,859 12,500 155,678 23,805 45,528 69,333 52,551 52,551 18,096 23,181 41,277 1,482,348 32,414 56,474 66,870 118,381 116,435 109,209 499,783 33,815 57,314 91,129 590,912 S - 6 $ 72,296 316,384 45,283 18,487 155,274 146,077 753,801 79,128 31,523 59,909 44,553 71,239 84,427 30,601 35,273 127,657 53,049 617,359 18,851 16,464 32,889 47,095 118,664 233,963 22,449 11,867 34,712 14,418 64,434 22,483 14,861 185,224 32,722 85,559 118,281 59,802 342,826 39,177 18,789 39,256 26,198 33,870 51,728 12,980 21,081 61,120 33,775 337,974 11,696 9,868 17,882 24,773 61,271 125,490 12,517 6,763 19,495 7,870 35,017 12,598 8,071 102,331 17,614 28,994 46,608 1987/2016 1968 1991/2010 1971 2005 1972/2012 1962 1968/2010 2007 1999 1987 1985 2005 2000 2007 1979 1973 1974 1977 1986 1979 1975 1970 1998 2006 1989 1985 76,906 76,906 22,381 29,745 52,126 2,037,660 44,276 44,276 13,414 18,262 31,676 1,031,181 38,896 25,282 1988 71,445 67,190 120,251 144,550 125,870 568,202 39,011 69,768 108,779 43,548 41,876 76,556 39,391 600 227,253 26,175 36,827 63,002 1987/2008 2004 2007 1973 2018 1988 2003 676,981 290,255 Dec-98 Dec-98 Dec-98 Dec-98 Aug-05 Nov-05 Oct-05 Oct-07 Mar-08 Jul-08 Dec-98 Dec-98 Nov-05 May-08 Jul-08 Dec-98 Dec-98 Dec-98 Dec-98 Dec-98 Dec-98 Dec-98 Sep-04 Dec-07 Oct-02 Dec-98 Sep-04 Aug-02 Sep-05 Mar-07 Dec-07 Dec-98 Dec-20 Mar-04 Mar-08 Table of Contents UNITED DOMINION REALTY, L.P. SCHEDULE III — REAL ESTATE OWNED - (Continued) DECEMBER 31, 2020 (In thousands) Initial Costs Gross Amount at Which Carried at Close of Period Encumbrances Land and Land Improvements Building and Improvements Cost of Improvements Capitalized Subsequent to Acquisition Costs Total Initial Acquisition Costs Land and Land Improvements Buildings & Buildings Improvements Total Carrying Accumulated Construction Depreciation Value (a) Date Acquired Date of NORTHEAST REGION 10 Hanover Square 95 Wall Street NEW YORK, NY 14 North BOSTON, MA TOTAL NORTHEAST REGION SOUTHEAST REGION Inlet Bay MacAlpine Place Andover Place at Cross Creek TAMPA, FL Legacy Hill Hickory Run Carrington Hills Brookridge Breckenridge Polo Park NASHVILLE, TN The Reserve and Park at Riverbridge OTHER FLORIDA TOTAL SOUTHEAST REGION SOUTHWEST REGION Steele Creek DENVER, CO TOTAL SOUTHWEST REGION TOTAL OPERATING COMMUNITIES Other (b) TOTAL CORPORATE Deferred Financing Costs TOTAL REAL ESTATE OWNED $ — — — 72,500 72,500 72,500 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 41,432 57,637 99,069 10,961 10,961 110,030 7,702 10,869 11,702 30,273 1,148 1,469 2,117 708 766 4,583 10,791 15,968 15,968 57,032 8,586 8,586 8,586 218,983 266,255 485,238 51,175 51,175 536,413 23,150 36,858 107,761 167,769 5,867 11,584 — 5,461 7,714 16,293 46,919 56,401 56,401 271,089 130,400 130,400 130,400 260,415 323,892 584,307 62,136 62,136 646,443 30,852 47,727 119,463 198,042 7,015 13,053 2,117 6,169 8,480 20,876 57,710 72,369 72,369 328,121 138,986 138,986 138,986 99,500 — — 740,831 — — 2,367,735 — — 3,108,566 — — 29,075 10,873 39,948 13,923 13,923 53,871 21,301 14,572 76 35,949 11,324 14,873 39,856 7,786 7,329 18,537 99,705 17,261 17,261 152,915 6,012 6,012 6,012 932,423 2,736 2,736 41,815 58,084 99,899 11,483 11,483 111,382 10,609 12,417 11,709 34,735 2,041 2,684 5,016 1,495 1,539 6,216 18,991 16,900 16,900 70,626 8,640 8,640 8,640 247,675 276,681 524,356 64,576 64,576 588,932 41,544 49,882 107,830 199,256 16,298 25,242 36,957 12,460 14,270 33,197 138,424 72,730 72,730 410,410 136,358 136,358 136,358 289,490 334,765 624,255 76,059 76,059 700,314 52,153 62,299 119,539 233,991 18,339 27,926 41,973 13,955 15,809 39,413 157,415 89,630 89,630 481,036 144,998 144,998 144,998 2005 2008 2005 1988/1989 2001 1997/1999 1977 1989 1999 1986 1986 1987/2008 Apr-11 Aug-11 Apr-11 Jun-03 Dec-04 Nov-20 Nov-95 Dec-95 Dec-95 Mar-96 Mar-97 May-06 1999/2001 Dec-04 2015 Oct-17 116,732 156,590 273,322 38,209 38,209 311,531 34,547 36,966 1,223 72,736 13,833 18,126 28,441 9,894 10,882 27,438 108,614 52,555 52,555 233,905 25,139 25,139 25,139 832,029 — — 3,208,960 2,736 2,736 4,040,989 2,736 2,736 1,892,011 — — (396) 99,104 $ 740,831 $ 2,367,735 $ 3,108,566 $ 935,159 $ 832,029 $ 3,211,696 $ 4,043,725 $ 1,892,011 (a) Date of original construction/date of last major renovation, if applicable. (b) Includes unallocated accruals and capital expenditures. The aggregate cost for federal income tax purpose was approximately $3.4 billion at December 31, 2020 (unaudited). The estimated depreciable lives for all buildings in the latest Consolidated Statements of Operations are 30 to 55 years. S - 7 Table of Contents UNITED DOMINION REALTY, L.P. SCHEDULE III — REAL ESTATE OWNED - (Continued) DECEMBER 31, 2020 (In thousands) 3-YEAR ROLLFORWARD OF REAL ESTATE OWNED AND ACCUMULATED DEPRECIATION The following is a reconciliation of the carrying amount of total real estate owned at December 31, (in thousands): Balance at beginning of the year Real estate acquired Capital expenditures and development Real estate sold Balance at end of year 2020 3,875,160 245,322 52,661 (129,418) 4,043,725 $ $ 2019 3,811,985 $ — 63,175 — $ 3,875,160 $ $ 2018 3,816,956 — 44,353 (49,324) 3,811,985 The following is a reconciliation of total accumulated depreciation for real estate owned at December 31, (in thousands): Balance at beginning of the year Depreciation expense for the year Accumulated depreciation on sales Balance at end of year 2020 1,796,568 140,095 (44,652) 1,892,011 $ $ 2019 1,658,161 138,407 $ — $ 1,796,568 2018 1,543,652 141,683 (27,174) 1,658,161 $ $ S - 8 Exhibit 4.26 UDR, INC. UNLESS THIS NOTE IS PRESENTED BY AN AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVE OF THE DEPOSITORY TRUST COMPANY (THE “DEPOSITARY”) (55 WATER STREET, NEW YORK, NEW YORK) TO THE ISSUER HEREOF OR ITS AGENT FOR REGISTRATION OF TRANSFER, EXCHANGE OR PAYMENT, AND ANY NOTE ISSUED IS REGISTERED IN THE NAME OF CEDE & CO. OR SUCH OTHER NAME AS REQUESTED BY AN AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVE OF THE DEPOSITARY AND ANY PAYMENT IS MADE TO CEDE & CO., ANY TRANSFER, PLEDGE OR OTHER USE HEREOF FOR VALUE OR OTHERWISE BY OR TO ANY PERSON IS WRONGFUL SINCE THE REGISTERED OWNER HEREOF, CEDE & CO., HAS AN INTEREST HEREIN. UNLESS AND UNTIL IT IS EXCHANGED IN WHOLE OR IN PART FOR NOTES IN CERTIFICATED FORM, THIS NOTE MAY NOT BE TRANSFERRED EXCEPT AS A WHOLE BY THE DEPOSITARY TO A NOMINEE OF THE DEPOSITARY OR BY A NOMINEE OF THE DEPOSITARY TO THE DEPOSITARY OR ANOTHER NOMINEE OF THE DEPOSITARY OR BY THE DEPOSITARY OR ANY SUCH NOMINEE TO A SUCCESSOR DEPOSITARY OR A NOMINEE OF SUCH SUCCESSOR DEPOSITARY. REGISTERED No. 1 CUSIP No.: 90265EAU4 PRINCIPAL AMOUNT: $350,000,000 UDR, INC. MEDIUM-TERM NOTE SERIES A DUE NINE MONTHS OR MORE FROM DATE OF ISSUE, FULLY AND UNCONDITIONALLY GUARANTEED BY UNITED DOMINION REALTY, L.P. (Fixed Rate) ORIGINAL ISSUE DATE: December 14, 2020 INTEREST PAYMENT DATE(S) [X] March 15 and September 15, commencing March 15, 2021 [ ] Other: INTEREST RATE: 1.900% STATED MATURITY DATE: March 15, 2033 [ ] CHECK IF DISCOUNT NOTE Issue Price: 99.578% plus accrued interest from December 14, 2020 INITIAL REDEMPTION DATE: See Addendum INITIAL REDEMPTION PERCENTAGE: See Addendum ANNUAL REDEMPTION PERCENTAGE REDUCTION: See Addendum OPTIONAL REPAYMENT DATE(S): See Addendum SPECIFIED CURRENCY: [X] United States dollars [ ] Other: AUTHORIZED DENOMINATION: [X] $2,000 and $1,000 integral EXCHANGE RATE AGENT: N/A multiples thereof [ ] Other: ADDENDUM ATTACHED DEFAULT INTEREST RATE: N/A OTHER/ADDITIONAL PROVISIONS: N/A [X] Yes [ ] No 2 UDR, INC., a Maryland corporation (the “Company”, which term includes any successor corporation under the Indenture hereinafter referred to), for value received, hereby promises to pay to CEDE & Co., as nominee for The Depository Trust Company, or registered assigns, the Principal Amount of THREE HUNDRED FIFTY MILLION DOLLARS ($350,000,000), on the Stated Maturity Date specified above (or any Redemption Date or Repayment Date, each as defined on the reverse hereof, or any earlier date of acceleration of maturity) (each such date being hereinafter referred to as the “Maturity Date” with respect to the principal repayable on such date) and to pay interest thereon (and on any overdue principal, premium and/or interest to the extent legally enforceable) at the Interest Rate per annum specified above, until the principal hereof is paid or duly made available for payment. The Company will pay interest in arrears on each Interest Payment Date, if any, specified above (each, an “Interest Payment Date”), commencing with the first Interest Payment Date next succeeding the Original Issue Date specified above, and on the Maturity Date; provided, however, that if the Original Issue Date occurs between a Record Date (as defined below) and the next succeeding Interest Payment Date, interest payment will commence on the Interest Payment Date immediately following the next succeeding Record Date to the registered holder (the “Holder”) of this Note on the next succeeding Record Date. Interest on this Note will be computed on the basis of a 360-day year of twelve 30-day months. United Dominion Realty, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership (the “Operating Partnership”), as primary obligor and not merely as surety, hereby irrevocably and unconditionally guarantees to the Holder and to the Trustee and their successors and assigns (a) the full and punctual payment when due, whether at the Maturity Date, by acceleration or otherwise, of all obligations of the Company now or hereafter existing under the Indenture whether for principal of or interest on the Notes (and premium and Make-Whole Amount, if applicable) and all other monetary obligations of the Company under the Indenture and the Notes and (b) the full and punctual performance within the applicable grace periods of all other obligations of the Company under the Indenture and the Notes (all such obligations guaranteed hereby by the Operating Partnership being the “Guarantee”). The Holder of this Note may enforce its rights under the Guarantee directly against the Operating Partnership without first making a demand or taking action against the Company or any other person or entity. The Operating Partnership may, without the consent of the Holder of this Note, assume all of the Company’s rights and obligations under this Note and, upon such assumption, the Company will be released from its liabilities under the Indenture and this Note. Interest on this Note will accrue from, and including, the immediately preceding Interest Payment Date to which interest has been paid or duly provided for (or from, and including, the Original Issue Date if no interest has been paid or duly provided for) to, but excluding, the applicable Interest Payment Date or the Maturity Date, as the case may be (each, an “Interest Period”). The interest so payable, and punctually paid or duly provided for, on any Interest Payment Date will, subject to certain exceptions described herein, be paid to the person in whose name this Note (or one or more predecessor Notes, as defined on the reverse hereof) is registered at the close of business on the March 1 or September 1 (whether or not a Business Day, as defined below) immediately preceding such Interest Payment Date (the “Record Date”); provided, however, that interest payable on the Maturity Date will be payable to the person to whom the principal hereof and premium, if any, hereon shall be payable. Any such interest not so punctually paid or duly provided for on any Interest Payment Date other than the Maturity 3 Date (“Defaulted Interest”) shall forthwith cease to be payable to the Holder on the close of business on any Record Date and, instead, shall be paid to the person in whose name this Note is registered at the close of business on a special record date (the “Special Record Date”) for the payment of such Defaulted Interest to be fixed by the Trustee hereinafter referred to, notice whereof shall be given to the Holder of this Note by the Trustee not less than 10 calendar days prior to such Special Record Date or may be paid at any time in any other lawful manner, all as more fully provided for in the Indenture. Payment of principal, premium, if any, and interest in respect of this Note due on the Maturity Date will be made in immediately available funds upon presentation and surrender of this Note (and, with respect to any applicable repayment of this Note, upon delivery of instructions as contemplated on the reverse hereof) at the office or agency maintained by the Company for that purpose in the Borough of Manhattan, The City of New York, currently the corporate trust office of the Trustee located at 40 Broad Street, 5th Floor, New York, New York 10004, or at such other paying agency in the Borough of Manhattan, The City of New York, as the Company may determine; provided, however, that if the Specified Currency (as defined below) is other than United States dollars and such payment is to be made in the Specified Currency in accordance with the provisions set forth below, such payment will be made by wire transfer of immediately available funds to an account with a bank designated by the Holder hereof at least 15 calendar days prior to the Maturity Date, provided that such bank has appropriate facilities therefor and that this Note is presented and surrendered and, if applicable, instructions are delivered at the aforementioned office or agency maintained by the Company in time for the Trustee to make such payment in such funds in accordance with its normal procedures. Payment of interest due on any Interest Payment Date other than the Maturity Date will be made at the aforementioned office or agency maintained by the Company or, at the option of the Company, by check mailed to the address of the person entitled thereto as such address shall appear in the Security Register maintained by the Trustee; provided, however, that a Holder of U.S.$10,000,000 (or, if the Specified Currency is other than United States dollars, the equivalent thereof in the Specified Currency) or more in aggregate principal amount of Notes (whether having identical or different terms and provisions) will be entitled to receive interest payments on such Interest Payment Date by wire transfer of immediately available funds if such Holder has delivered appropriate wire transfer instructions in writing to the Trustee not less than 15 calendar days prior to such Interest Payment Date. Any such wire transfer instructions received by the Trustee shall remain in effect until revoked by such Holder. If any Interest Payment Date or the Maturity Date falls on a day that is not a Business Day, the required payment of principal, premium, if any, and/or interest shall be made on the next succeeding Business Day with the same force and effect as if made on the date such payment was due, and no interest shall accrue with respect to such payment for the period from and after such Interest Payment Date or the Maturity Date, as the case may be, to the date of such payment on the next succeeding Business Day. As used herein, “Business Day” means any day, other than a Saturday or Sunday, that is neither a legal holiday nor a day on which commercial banks are authorized or required by law, regulation or executive order to close in The City of New York; provided, however, that if the Specified Currency is other than United States dollars, such day must also not be a day on which commercial banks are authorized or required by law, regulation or executive order to close in the 4 Principal Financial Center (as defined below) of the country issuing the Specified Currency (or, if the Specified Currency is Euro, such day must also be a day on which the Trans-European Automated Real-Time Gross Settlement Express Transfer (TARGET) System is open). “Principal Financial Center” means the capital city of the country issuing the Specified Currency, except that with respect to United States dollars, Australian dollars, Canadian dollars, Euros, South African rands and Swiss francs, the “Principal Financial Center” shall be The City of New York, Sydney, Toronto, Johannesburg and Zurich, respectively. The Company is obligated to make payment of principal, premium, if any, and interest in respect of this Note in the currency in which this Note is denominated above (or, if such currency is not at the time of such payment legal tender for the payment of public and private debts in the country issuing such currency or, if such currency is Euro, in the member states of the European Union that have adopted the single currency in accordance with the Treaty establishing the European Community, as amended by the Treaty on European Union, then the currency which is at the time of such payment legal tender in the related country or in the adopting member states of the European Union, as the case may be) (the “Specified Currency”). If the Specified Currency is other than United States dollars, except as otherwise provided below, any such amounts so payable by the Company will be converted by the Exchange Rate Agent specified above into United States dollars for payment to the Holder of this Note. Any United States dollar amount to be received by the Holder of this Note will be based on the highest bid quotation in The City of New York received by the Exchange Rate Agent at approximately 11:00 A.M., New York City time, on the second Business Day preceding the applicable payment date from three recognized foreign exchange dealers (one of whom may be the Exchange Rate Agent) selected by the Exchange Rate Agent and approved by the Company for the purchase by the quoting dealer of the Specified Currency for United States dollars for settlement on such payment date in the aggregate amount of the Specified Currency payable to all Holders of Notes scheduled to receive United States dollar payments and at which the applicable dealer commits to execute a contract. All currency exchange costs will be borne by the Holder of this Note by deductions from such payments. If three such bid quotations are not available, payments on this Note will be made in the Specified Currency. If the Specified Currency is other than United States dollars, the Holder of this Note may elect to receive all or a specified portion of any payment of principal, premium, if any, and/or interest, if any, in respect of this Note in the Specified Currency by submitting a written request for such payment to the Trustee at its corporate trust office in The City of New York on or prior to the applicable Record Date or at least 15 calendar days prior to the Maturity Date, as the case may be. Such written request may be mailed or hand delivered or sent by cable, telex or other form of facsimile transmission. The Holder of this Note may elect to receive all or a specified portion of all future payments in the Specified Currency in respect of such principal, premium, if any, and/or interest, if any, and need not file a separate election for each payment. Such election will remain in effect until revoked by written notice delivered to the Trustee, but written notice of any such revocation must be received by the Trustee on or prior to the applicable Record Date or at least 15 calendar days prior to the Maturity Date, as the case may be. If the Specified Currency is other than United States dollars and the Holder of this Note shall have duly made an election to receive all or a specified portion of any payment of principal, 5 premium, if any, and/or interest, if any, in respect of this Note in the Specified Currency, but the Specified Currency is not available due to the imposition of exchange controls or other circumstances beyond the control of the Company, the Company will be entitled to satisfy its obligations to the Holder of this Note by making such payment in United States dollars on the basis of the Market Exchange Rate (as defined below) determined by the Exchange Rate Agent on the second Business Day prior to such payment date or, if such Market Exchange Rate is not then available, on the basis of the most recently available Market Exchange Rate. The “Market Exchange Rate” for the Specified Currency other than United States dollars means the noon dollar buying rate in The City of New York for cable transfers for the Specified Currency as certified for customs purposes (or, if not so certified, as otherwise determined) by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York. Any payment made in United States dollars under such circumstances shall not constitute an Event of Default (as defined in the Indenture). All determinations referred to above made by the Exchange Rate Agent shall be at its sole discretion and shall, in the absence of manifest error, be conclusive for all purposes and binding on the Holder of this Note. The Company agrees to indemnify the Holder of any Note against any loss incurred by such Holder as a result of any judgment or order being given or made against the Company for any amount due hereunder and such judgment or order requiring payment in a currency (the “Judgment Currency”) other than the Specified Currency, and as a result of any variation between (i) the rate of exchange at which the Specified Currency amount is converted into the Judgment Currency for the purpose of such judgment or order, and (ii) the rate of exchange at which such Holder, on the date of payment of such judgment or order, is able to purchase the Specified Currency with the amount of the Judgment Currency actually received by such Holder, as the case may be. The foregoing indemnity constitutes a separate and independent obligation of the Company and continues in full force and effect notwithstanding any such judgment or order as aforesaid. The term “rate of exchange” includes any premiums and costs of exchange payable in connection with the purchase of, or conversion into, the relevant currency. Reference is hereby made to the further provisions of this Note set forth on the reverse hereof and, if so specified on the face hereof, in an Addendum hereto, which further provisions shall have the same force and effect as if set forth on the face hereof. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if an Addendum is attached hereto or “Other/Additional Provisions” apply to this Note as specified above, this Note shall be subject to the terms set forth in such Addendum or such “Other/Additional Provisions”. Unless the Certificate of Authentication hereon has been executed by the Trustee by manual signature, this Note shall not be entitled to any benefit under the Indenture or be valid or obligatory for any purpose. 6 IN WITNESS WHEREOF, UDR, Inc. has caused this Note to be duly executed by one of its duly authorized officers. UDR, INC. By: /s/ Joseph D. Fisher Name: Title: Joseph D. Fisher Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer ATTEST: By: _/s/ Deborah J. Shannon_______________________ Name: Deborah J. Shannon Title: Assistant Secretary Dated: December 14, 2020 TRUSTEE'S CERTIFICATE OF AUTHENTICATION: This is one of the Debt Securities of the series designated therein referred to in the within-mentioned Indenture. U.S. BANK NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, as Trustee By: /s/ K. Wendy Kumar Authorized Signatory Authentication Date: December 14, 2020 7 [REVERSE OF NOTE] UDR, INC. MEDIUM-TERM NOTE, SERIES A DUE NINE MONTHS OR MORE FROM DATE OF ISSUE, FULLY AND UNCONDITIONALLY GUARANTEED BY UNITED DOMINION REALTY, L.P. (Fixed Rate) This Note is one of a duly authorized series of Debt Securities (the “Debt Securities”) of the Company issued and to be issued under an Indenture, dated as of November 1, 1995, as supplemented by the first supplemental indenture thereto, dated as of May 3, 2011, as further amended, modified or supplemented from time to time (the “Indenture”), between the Company (successor by merger to United Dominion Realty Trust, Inc., a Virginia corporation) and U.S. Bank National Association, successor trustee to Wachovia Bank, National Association (formerly known as First Union National Bank of Virginia), as trustee (the “Trustee”, which term includes any successor trustee under the Indenture), to which Indenture and all indentures supplemental thereto reference is hereby made for a statement of the respective rights, limitations of rights, duties and immunities thereunder of the Company, the Trustee and the Holders of the Debt Securities, and of the terms upon which the Debt Securities are, and are to be, authenticated and delivered. This Note is one of the series of Debt Securities designated as “Medium-Term Notes, Series A Due Nine Months or More From Date of Issue, Fully and Unconditionally Guaranteed by United Dominion Realty, L.P.” (the “Notes”). All terms used but not defined in this Note or in an Addendum hereto shall have the meanings assigned to such terms in the Indenture or on the face hereof, as the case may be. United Dominion Realty, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership (the “Operating Partnership”), as primary obligor and not merely as surety, hereby irrevocably and unconditionally guarantees to the Holder and to the Trustee and their successors and assigns (a) the full and punctual payment when due, whether at the Maturity Date, by acceleration or otherwise, of all obligations of the Company now or hereafter existing under the Indenture whether for principal of or interest on the Notes (and premium and Make-Whole Amount, if applicable) and all other monetary obligations of the Company under the Indenture and the Notes and (b) the full and punctual performance within the applicable grace periods of all other obligations of the Company under the Indenture and the Notes (all such obligations guaranteed hereby by the Operating Partnership being the “Guarantee”). The Holder of this Note may enforce its rights under the Guarantee directly against the Operating Partnership without first making a demand or taking action against the Company or any other person or entity. The Operating Partnership may, without the consent of the Holder of this Note, assume all of the Company’s rights and obligations under this Note and, upon such assumption, the Company will be released from its liabilities under the Indenture and this Note. This Note is issuable only in registered form without coupons in minimum denominations of U.S. $2,000 and integral multiples of $1,000 or other Authorized Denomination specified on the face hereof. 8 This Note will not be subject to any sinking fund and, unless otherwise specified on the face hereof in accordance with the provisions of the following two paragraphs, will not be redeemable or repayable prior to the Stated Maturity Date. This Note will be subject to redemption at the option of the Company on any date on or after the Initial Redemption Date, if any, specified on the face hereof, in whole or from time to time in part in increments of U.S. $1,000 or other integral multiple of an Authorized Denomination (provided that any remaining principal amount hereof shall be at least U.S. $1,000 or such other minimum Authorized Denomination), at the Redemption Price (as defined below), together with unpaid interest accrued thereon to the date fixed for redemption (the “Redemption Date”), on written notice given to the Holder hereof (in accordance with the provisions of the Indenture) not more than 60 nor less than 15 calendar days prior to the Redemption Date. The “Redemption Price” shall be an amount equal to the Initial Redemption Percentage specified on the face hereof (as adjusted by the Annual Redemption Percentage Reduction, if any, specified on the face hereof) multiplied by the unpaid principal amount of this Note to be redeemed. The Initial Redemption Percentage, if any, shall decline at each anniversary of the Initial Redemption Date by the Annual Redemption Percentage Reduction, if any, until the Redemption Price is 100% of unpaid principal amount to be redeemed. In the event of redemption of this Note in part only, a new Note of like tenor for the unredeemed portion hereof and otherwise having the same terms and provisions as this Note shall be issued by the Company in the name of the Holder hereof upon the presentation and surrender hereof. This Note will be subject to repayment by the Company at the option of the Holder hereof on the Optional Repayment Date(s), if any, specified on the face hereof, in whole or in part in increments of U.S. $1,000 or other integral multiple of an Authorized Denomination (provided that any remaining principal amount hereof shall be at least U.S. $1,000 or such other minimum Authorized Denomination), at a repayment price equal to 100% of the unpaid principal amount to be repaid, together with unpaid interest accrued thereon to the date fixed for repayment (the “Repayment Date”). For this Note to be repaid, the Trustee must receive at its corporate trust office in the Borough of Manhattan, The City of New York, not more than 60 nor less than 30 calendar days prior to the Repayment Date, such Note and instructions to such effect forwarded by the Holder hereof. Exercise of such repayment option by the Holder hereof shall be irrevocable. In the event of repayment of this Note in part only, a new Note of like tenor for the unrepaid portion hereof and otherwise having the same terms and provisions as this Note shall be issued by the Company in the name of the Holder hereof upon the presentation and surrender hereof. If this Note is specified on the face hereof to be a Discount Note, the amount payable to the Holder of this Note in the event of redemption, repayment or acceleration of maturity will be equal to the sum of (1) the Issue Price specified on the face hereof (increased by any accruals of the Discount, as defined below) and, in the event of any redemption of this Note (if applicable), multiplied by the Initial Redemption Percentage (as adjusted by the Annual Redemption Percentage Reduction, if applicable) and (2) any unpaid interest accrued thereon to the Redemption Date, Repayment Date or date of acceleration of maturity, as the case may be. The difference between the Issue Price and 100% of the principal amount of this Note is referred to herein as the “Discount”. 9 For purposes of determining the amount of Discount that has accrued as of any Redemption Date, Repayment Date or date of acceleration of maturity of this Note, such Discount will be accrued so as to cause the yield on the Note to be constant. The constant yield will be calculated using a 30- day month, 360-day year convention, a compounding period that, except for the Initial Period (as defined below), corresponds to the shortest period between Interest Payment Dates (with ratable accruals within a compounding period) and an assumption that the maturity of this Note will not be accelerated. If the period from the Original Issue Date to the initial Interest Payment Date (the “Initial Period”) is shorter than the compounding period for this Note, a proportionate amount of the yield for an entire compounding period will be accrued. If the Initial Period is longer than the compounding period, then such period will be divided into a regular compounding period and a short period, with the short period being treated as provided in the preceding sentence. The covenants set forth in Section 1004(a) and Section 1007 of the Indenture shall not apply to this Note, and the following covenants shall instead apply to this Note in place of the covenants set forth in Section 1004(a) and Section 1007 of the Indenture: “The Trust will, and will cause the Subsidiaries to, have at all times Total Unencumbered Assets of not less than 150% of the aggregate principal amount of all of the Trust’s outstanding Unsecured Debt and the outstanding Unsecured Debt of the Subsidiaries, determined on a consolidated basis in accordance with GAAP. The Trust will not, and will not permit any Subsidiary to, incur any Debt if, immediately after giving effect to the incurrence of such additional Debt and the application of the proceeds thereof, the aggregate principal amount of all outstanding Debt of the Trust and its Subsidiaries on a consolidated basis determined in accordance with GAAP is greater than 65% of the sum of (without duplication) (i) the Trust’s Total Assets as of the end of the calendar quarter covered in the Trust’s Annual Report on Form 10-K or Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, as the case may be, most recently filed with the Commission (or, if such filing is not permitted under the Exchange Act, with the Trustee) prior to the incurrence of such additional Debt and (ii) the purchase price of any real estate assets or mortgages receivable acquired, and the amount of any securities offering proceeds received (to the extent such proceeds were not used to acquire real estate assets or mortgages receivable or used to reduce Debt), by the Trust or any Subsidiary since the end of such calendar quarter, including those proceeds obtained in connection with the incurrence of such additional Debt. ‘Total Unencumbered Assets’ means the sum of, without duplication, those Undepreciated Real Estate Assets which are not subject to a lien securing Debt and all other assets, excluding accounts receivable and intangibles, of the Trust and the Subsidiaries not subject to a lien securing Debt, all determined on a consolidated basis in accordance with GAAP; provided, however, that all investments by the Trust and the Subsidiaries in unconsolidated joint ventures, unconsolidated limited partnerships, unconsolidated limited liability 10 companies and other unconsolidated entities shall be excluded from Total Unencumbered Assets to the extent that such investments would have otherwise been included.” If an Event of Default shall occur and be continuing, the principal of the Notes may, and in certain cases shall, be accelerated in the manner and with the effect provided in the Indenture. The Indenture contains provisions for defeasance of (i) the entire indebtedness of the Notes or (ii) certain covenants and Events of Default with respect to the Notes, in each case upon compliance with certain conditions set forth therein, which provisions apply to the Notes. The Indenture permits, with certain exceptions as therein provided, the amendment thereof and the modification of the rights and obligations of the Company and the rights of the Holders of the Debt Securities at any time by the Company and the Trustee with the consent of the Holders of a majority of the aggregate principal amount of all Debt Securities at the time outstanding and affected thereby. The Indenture also contains provisions permitting the Holders of a majority of the aggregate principal amount of the outstanding Debt Securities of any series, on behalf of the Holders of all such Debt Securities, to waive compliance by the Company with certain provisions of the Indenture. Furthermore, provisions in the Indenture permit the Holders of a majority of the aggregate principal amount of the outstanding Debt Securities of any series, in certain instances, to waive, on behalf of all of the Holders of Debt Securities of such series, certain past defaults under the Indenture and their consequences. Any such consent or waiver by the Holder of this Note shall be conclusive and binding upon such Holder and upon all future Holders of this Note and other Notes issued upon the registration of transfer hereof or in exchange heretofore or in lieu hereof, whether or not notation of such consent or waiver is made upon this Note. No reference herein to the Indenture and no provision of this Note or of the Indenture shall alter or impair the obligation of the Company, which is absolute and unconditional, to pay principal, premium, if any, and interest in respect of this Note at the times, places and rate or formula, and in the coin or currency, herein prescribed. As provided in the Indenture and subject to certain limitations therein and herein set forth, the transfer of this Note is registrable in the Security Register of the Company upon surrender of this Note for registration of transfer at the office or agency of the Company in any place where the principal hereof and any premium or interest hereon are payable, duly endorsed by, or accompanied by a written instrument of transfer in form satisfactory to the Company and the Security Registrar duly executed by, the Holder hereof or by his attorney duly authorized in writing, and thereupon one or more new Notes having the same terms and provisions, of Authorized Denominations and for the same aggregate principal amount, will be issued by the Company to the designated transferee or transferees. As provided in the Indenture and subject to certain limitations therein and herein set forth, this Note is exchangeable for a like aggregate principal amount of Notes of different Authorized Denominations but otherwise having the same terms and provisions, as requested by the Holder hereof surrendering the same. 11 No service charge shall be made for any such registration of transfer or exchange, but the Company may require payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental charge payable in connection therewith. Prior to due presentment of this Note for registration of transfer, the Company, the Trustee and any agent of the Company or the Trustee may treat the Holder as the owner hereof for all purposes, whether or not this Note be overdue, and neither the Company, the Trustee nor any such agent shall be affected by notice to the contrary, except as required by law. THE INDENTURE AND THIS NOTE SHALL BE GOVERNED BY, AND CONSTRUED IN ACCORDANCE WITH, THE LAWS OF THE COMMONWEALTH OF VIRGINIA. 12 ABBREVIATIONS The following abbreviations, when used in the inscription on the face of this Note, shall be construed as though they were written out in full according to applicable laws or regulations: TEN COM - as tenants in common UNIF GIFT MIN ACT - ________ Custodian ______ TEN ENT - as tenants by the entireties (Cust) (Minor) JT TEN - as joint tenants with right of survivorship and not as tenants in common under Uniform Gifts to Minors Act ____________________ (State) Additional abbreviations may also be used though not in the above list. __________________________________ ASSIGNMENT FOR VALUE RECEIVED, the undersigned hereby sell(s), assign(s) and transfer(s) unto PLEASE INSERT SOCIAL SECURITY OR OTHER IDENTIFYING NUMBER OF ASSIGNEE (Please print or typewrite name and address including postal zip code of assignee) this Note and all rights thereunder hereby irrevocably constituting and appointing Attorney to transfer this Note on the books of the Company, with full power of substitution in the premises. Dated: Notice: The signature(s) on this Assignment must correspond with the name(s) as written upon the face of this Note in every particular, without alteration or enlargement or any change whatsoever. 13 UDR, INC. ADDENDUM TO MEDIUM-TERM NOTE (Fixed Rate) The Company may redeem all or part of this Note at any time at its option at a redemption price equal to the greater of (1) the principal amount of this Note being redeemed plus accrued and unpaid interest to the redemption date or (2) the Make-Whole Amount for the principal amount of this Note being redeemed. If this Note is redeemed on or after December 15, 2032 (three months prior to the maturity date) (the “Par Call Date”), the redemption price will equal the principal amount of this Note being redeemed plus accrued and unpaid interest to the redemption date. “Make-Whole Amount” means, as determined by the Quotation Agent, the sum of the present values of the principal amount of this Note to be redeemed, together with the scheduled payments of interest (exclusive of interest to the redemption date) from the redemption date to the Par Call Date of this Note being redeemed, in each case discounted to the redemption date on a semi-annual basis, assuming a 360-day year consisting of twelve 30-day months, at the Adjusted Treasury Rate, plus accrued and unpaid interest on the principal amount of this Note being redeemed to the redemption date. “Adjusted Treasury Rate” means, with respect to any redemption date, the sum of (x) either (1) the yield for the maturity corresponding to the Comparable Treasury Issue, under the heading that represents the average for the immediately preceding week, appearing in the most recent published statistical release designated “H.15” or any successor publication that is published weekly by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System and that establishes yields on actively traded United States Treasury securities adjusted to constant maturity under the caption “Treasury Constant Maturities” (provided, if no maturity is within three months before or after the remaining term of this Note, yields for the two published maturities most closely corresponding to the Comparable Treasury Issue shall be determined and the Adjusted Treasury Rate shall be interpolated or extrapolated from such yields on a straight line basis, rounded to the nearest month) or (2) if such release (or any successor release) is not published during the week preceding the calculation date or does not contain such yields, the rate per year equal to the semi-annual equivalent yield to maturity of the Comparable Treasury Issue, calculated using a price for the Comparable Treasury Issue (expressed as a percentage of its principal amount) equal to the Comparable Treasury Price for such redemption date, in each case calculated on the third business day preceding the redemption date, and (y) 0.200%. “Comparable Treasury Issue” means the United States Treasury security selected by the Quotation Agent as having a maturity comparable to the remaining term of this Note (assuming, for this purpose, that this Note matured on the Par Call Date) that would be utilized, at the time of selection and in accordance with customary financial practice, in pricing new issues of corporate debt securities of comparable maturity to the remaining term of this Note (assuming, for this purpose, that this Note matured on the Par Call Date). “Comparable Treasury Price” means, with respect to any redemption date, (x) the average of three Reference Treasury Dealer Quotations for such redemption date, after excluding the highest and lowest Reference Treasury Dealer Quotations so obtained, or (y) if fewer than five Reference Treasury Dealer Quotations are so obtained, the average of all such Reference Treasury Dealer Quotations so obtained. “Quotation Agent” means the Reference Treasury Dealer selected by the indenture trustee after consultation with the Company. “Reference Treasury Dealer” means any of BofA Securities, Inc., J.P. Morgan Securities LLC, a primary U.S. Government securities dealer selected by U.S. Bancorp Investments, Inc. and two other nationally recognized investment banking firms selected by the Company that are primary U.S. Government securities dealers and their respective successors and assigns. “Reference Treasury Dealer Quotations” means, with respect to each Reference Treasury Dealer and any redemption date, the average, as determined by the indenture trustee, of the bid and asked prices for the Comparable Treasury Issue (expressed in each case as a percentage of its principal amount) quoted in writing to the indenture trustee by such Reference Treasury Dealer at 5:00 p.m., New York City time, on the third business day preceding such redemption date. 2 Exhibit 10.22 UDR, INC. 1999 LONG TERM INCENTIVE PLAN CLASS 1 PERFORMANCE LTIP UNIT AWARD AGREEMENT Grantee: Class 1 Performance LTIP Units: Date of Award: Vesting Commencement Date: [Name] [Units] [Date] [Date] 1. Grant of LTIP Units. Pursuant to the Partnership Agreement, the UDR, Inc. 1999 Long- Term Incentive Plan, as amended, including pursuant to the amended and restated plan (the “Restated Plan”) to be submitted to the shareholders of UDR, Inc. (the “Company”) for approval at the 2021 annual meeting (the “Plan”) in consideration of the agreement by the Grantee named above (the “Grantee”) to provide services to or for the benefit of United Dominion Realty, L.P. (the “Partnership”), the Partnership hereby (a) grants to the Grantee, as additional compensation for such services, and subject to Section 2 and the other restrictions and terms and conditions set forth in the Plan and in this Class 1 Performance Unit Award Agreement (this “Agreement”), the Class 1 Performance LTIP Units indicated above (the “LTIP Units”), and (b) if not already a Partner, admits the Grantee as a Partner of the Partnership on the terms and conditions set forth herein, in the Plan and in the Partnership Agreement. The Partnership and the Grantee acknowledge and agree that the LTIP Units are issued to the Grantee for the performance of services to or for the benefit of the Partnership in his or her capacity as a Partner or in anticipation of the Grantee becoming a Partner. To the extent not an existing Partner, the Grantee shall be admitted to the Partnership as an additional Limited Partner with respect to the LTIP Units only upon the satisfactory completion of the applicable requirements set forth in the Partnership Agreement, including the requirements set forth in Section 4 of Exhibit H to the Partnership Agreement. At the request of the Partnership, the Grantee shall execute the Partnership Agreement or a joinder or counterpart signature page thereto. The Grantee acknowledges that the Partnership may from time to time issue or cancel (or otherwise modify) LTIP Units in accordance with the terms of the Partnership Agreement. The LTIP Units shall have the rights, voting powers, restrictions, limitations as to distributions, qualifications and terms and conditions of redemption and conversion set forth herein, in the Plan and in the Partnership Agreement. Capitalized terms used herein and not otherwise defined shall have the meanings assigned such terms in the Plan and/or the Partnership Agreement, as applicable. 1 2. Date of Issuance of the LTIP Units. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, the Class 1 Performance LTIP Units shall be issued as of the Date of Award set forth above. 3. Certain Additional Terms of the Class 1 Performance LTIP Units. For each of the Class 1 Performance LTIP Units: (a) The “Expiration Date” is the 10th anniversary of the Date of Award. (b) The “Initial Sharing Percentage” is __%. (c) The “Issue Price” is $_____, which is the REIT Share Value on the Date of Award. (d) The “Full Distribution Participation Date” is the Conversion Date on which such Class 1 Performance LTIP Unit is converted into any portion of one or more Class 1 LTIP Units under Section 12 of Exhibit H to the Partnership Agreement. (e) Any Class 1 Performance LTIP Unit not yet converted under Section 12 of the Partnership Agreement as of immediately after the Expiration Date shall be subject to the Partnership Call Right set forth in Section 7 below. 4. Vesting of LTIP Units. Subject to the restrictions described in Section 5 below, 100% of the LTIP Units subject to this Agreement shall vest and cease to be subject to the restrictions set forth in Section 5 on the first anniversary of the Vesting Commencement Date set forth above or, if earlier, on the date set forth in paragraph (b) or (c) of Section 6 hereof. 5. Restrictions. The LTIP Units are subject to each of the following restrictions. “Restricted Units” means those LTIP Units that have not vested. Without the consent of the Committee (which it may give or withhold in its sole discretion), Restricted Units may not be sold, transferred, exchanged, redeemed, assigned, pledged, hypothecated or otherwise encumbered (collectively, “Transferred”). If the Grantee’s service with the Company or any Parent or Subsidiary terminates for any reason other than as set forth in paragraph (b) or (c) of Section 6 hereof, all Restricted Units will automatically and without any further action thereupon be cancelled and forfeited without payment of any consideration therefor, and the Grantee shall have no further right, title or interest in and to the Restricted Units. No LTIP Units which have not vested as of the date of the Grantee’s termination of service and do not vest pursuant to paragraph (b) or (c) of Section 6 hereof shall thereafter become vested unless otherwise determined by the Committee, in its sole discretion. The restrictions imposed under this Section 5 shall apply to all securities issued with respect to Restricted Units hereunder in connection with any merger, reorganization, consolidation, re- capitalization, stock dividend, unit distribution or other change in corporate structure affecting the common stock of the Company or the Partnership Units of the Partnership 6. Expiration and Termination of Restrictions. The restrictions imposed under Section 5 will expire on the earliest to occur of the following: (a) On the date the Units vest pursuant to Section 4; A-2 (b) On the date of termination of the Grantee’s service with the Company or any Parent or Subsidiary (or any successor thereof) because of his or her death, Disability or Retirement; or (c) On the date specified by the Committee or (i) if (and only if) the Restated Plan is not approved by shareholders, pursuant to Section 14.10 of the Existing Plan, upon the occurrence of a Change of Control) and (ii) if the Restated Plan is approved by shareholders, pursuant to Section 14.10 of the Restated Plan, on the date of termination of the Grantee’s service with the Company or any Parent or Subsidiary (or any successor thereof) by the Company or any Parent or Subsidiary (or any successors thereof) without Cause (as defined below) if such termination without Cause occurs on or within 12 months following the date of a Change of Control. For clarity, if the Restated Plan is approved by shareholders, the LTIP Units will not vest solely due to a Change of Control pursuant to Section 14.10 of the Existing Plan. For purposes of this Agreement, the term “Cause” means, unless an agreement between the Grantee and the Company states otherwise, (i) failure by the Grantee to perform the duties of the Grantee to the Company or any Parent or Subsidiary (or any successor thereof) (other than due to his or her Disability), provided that such conduct shall not constitute Cause unless and until such failure by Grantee to perform his or her duties has not been cured to the satisfaction of the Company, in its reasonable discretion, within 15 days after written notice of such failure has been given by the Company to Grantee; (ii) an act of fraud, embezzlement, theft, breach of fiduciary duty, dishonesty, or any other misconduct or any violation of law (other than a traffic violation) committed by the Grantee; (iii) any action by the Grantee intentionally causing damage to or misappropriation of the Company’s or any Parent’s or Subsidiary’s (or any of their successor’s) assets; (iv) the Grantee’s wrongful disclosure of confidential information of the Company or any Parent or Subsidiary (or any successor thereof); (v) the Grantee’s breach of (x) any non-competition, non-solicitation, non- disparagement or other restrictive covenants related to the Company or any Parent or Subsidiary (or any successor thereof) to which he or she is subject, and/or (y) the Grantee’s duty of loyalty; or (vi) performance by the Grantee of his or her duties in a manner deemed by the Committee, in its reasonable discretion, to be grossly negligent. 7. Partnership Call Right. Any Class 1 Performance LTIP Unit granted hereunder, upon becoming a Post-Conversion Period Performance LTIP Unit under the Partnership Agreement, shall be subject to purchase by the Partnership or its designee under this Section 7 (such repurchase right, the “Partnership Call Right”). A Partnership Call Right may be exercised with respect to any Post- Conversion Period Performance LTIP Unit by (a) the delivery of a notice (a “Partnership Call Right Notice”) in the form attached hereto as Exhibit B to the holder of the applicable Performance LTIP Units no more than thirty (30) days prior to the Call Date specified in such Partnership Call Right Notice, and (b) the payment of the applicable purchase price no later than the applicable Call Date. The purchase price for any Post-Conversion Period Performance LTIP Unit being purchased under the Partnership Call Right will be the fair market value of such Units as of the applicable Call Date, as determined in good faith by the General Partner. The General Partner may, in its sole discretion, permit any Partnership Call Right to be exercised by the Partnership or its designee, and the purchase price payable in respect of any Partnership Call Right may be paid in any combination of immediately available funds and REIT Shares (valued using the REIT Share Value as of the applicable Call Date), as determined by the A-3 General Partner in its sole discretion. Each Partnership Call Right Notice shall be provided in the manner provided in Section 12.01 of the Partnership Agreement. Section 5(b) of Exhibit H of the Partnership Agreement shall not apply to any LTIP Unit purchased pursuant to a Partnership Call Right, unless the purchasing party is the Partnership. 8. The LTIP Units will be registered in the name of the Grantee as Restricted Units and may be held by the Company or the Partnership prior to the lapse of the restrictions thereon as provided in Section 4 or 6 hereof (the “Restricted Period”). Any certificate for LTIP Units issued during the Restricted Period shall be registered in the name of the Grantee and shall bear a legend in substantially the following form: AND RESTRICTIONS THIS CERTIFICATE AND THE UNITS REPRESENTED HEREBY ARE SUBJECT TO THE TERMS AND CONDITIONS (INCLUDING FORFEITURE TRANSFER) CONTAINED IN A CLASS 1 PERFORMANCE LTIP UNIT AWARD AGREEMENT DATED [DATE] BETWEEN THE REGISTERED OWNER OF THE UNITS REPRESENTED HEREBY, UDR, INC. AND UNITED DOMINION REALTY, L.P. RELEASE FROM SUCH TERMS AND CONDITIONS SHALL BE MADE ONLY IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE PROVISIONS OF SUCH AGREEMENT, COPIES OF WHICH ARE ON FILE IN THE OFFICE OF UDR, INC. AGAINST At the Company’s or the Partnership’s request, the Grantee hereby agrees to promptly execute, deliver and return to the Partnership any and all documents or certificates that the Company or the Partnership deems necessary or desirable to effectuate the cancellation and forfeiture of the Restricted Units, or to effectuate the transfer or surrender of such Restricted Units to the Partnership. In addition, if requested, the Grantee shall deposit with the Company or the Partnership, a stock/unit power, or powers, executed in blank and sufficient to re-convey the Restricted Units to the Company or the Partnership upon termination of the Grantee’s service during the Restricted Period, in accordance with the provisions of this Agreement. 9. Covenants, Representations and Warranties. The Grantee hereby represents, warrants, covenants, acknowledges and agrees on behalf of the Grantee and his or her spouse, if applicable, that: (a) Investment. The Grantee is holding the LTIP Units for the Grantee’s own account, and not for the account of any other person or entity. The Grantee is holding the LTIP Units for investment and not with a view to distribution or resale thereof except in compliance with applicable laws regulating securities. (b) Relation to the Partnership. The Grantee is presently a director of the Company, which is the sole general partner of the Partnership, or is otherwise providing services to or for the benefit of the Partnership, and in such capacity has become personally familiar with the business of the Partnership. A-4 (c) Access to Information. The Grantee has had the opportunity to ask questions of, and to receive answers from, the Partnership with respect to the terms and conditions of the transactions contemplated hereby and with respect to the business, affairs, financial conditions, and results of operations of the Partnership. (d) Registration. The Grantee understands that the LTIP Units have not been registered under the 1933 Act, and the LTIP Units cannot be transferred by the Grantee unless such transfer is registered under the 1933 Act or an exemption from such registration is available. The Partnership has made no agreements, covenants or undertakings whatsoever to register the transfer of the LTIP Units under the 1933 Act. The Partnership has made no representations, warranties, or covenants whatsoever as to whether any exemption from the 1933 Act, including, without limitation, any exemption for limited sales in routine brokers’ transactions pursuant to Rule 144 of the 1933 Act, will be available. If an exemption under Rule 144 is available at all, it will not be available until at least six (6) months after the issuance of the LTIP Units and then not unless the terms and conditions of Rule 144 have been satisfied. (e) Public Trading. None of the Partnership’s securities are presently publicly traded, and the Partnership has made no representations, covenants or agreements as to whether there will be a public market for any of its securities. (f) Tax Advice. The Partnership has made no warranties or representations to the Grantee with respect to the income tax consequences of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement (including, without limitation, with respect to the decision of whether to make an election under Section 83(b) of the Code), and the Grantee is in no manner relying on the Partnership or its representatives for an assessment of such tax consequences. Grantee hereby recognizes that the Internal Revenue Service has proposed regulations under Sections 83, 704, and 707 of the Code that may affect the proper treatment of the LTIP Units for federal income tax purposes. In the event that those proposed regulations or similar regulations become final or temporary regulations, the Grantee hereby agrees to cooperate with the Partnership in amending this Agreement and the Partnership Agreement, and to take such other action as may be required, to conform to such regulations. Further, Congress recently enacted, and proposed Treasury Regulations were recently issued under, Section 1061 of the Code, which materially alters the taxation of “profits interests” issued in connection with the provision of services. The Grantee is advised to consult with his or her own tax advisor with respect to such tax consequences and his or her ownership of the LTIP Units. A-5 10. LTIP Units Subject to Partnership Agreement; Restrictions on Transfer. The LTIP Units are subject to the terms of the Plan and the terms of the Partnership Agreement, including, without limitation, the restrictions on transfer of Units set forth in Article 9 of the Partnership Agreement. Any permitted transferee of the LTIP Units shall take such LTIP Units subject to the terms of the Plan, this Agreement, and the Partnership Agreement. Any such permitted transferee must, upon the request of the Partnership, agree to be bound by the Plan, the Partnership Agreement, and this Agreement, and shall execute the same on request, and must agree to such other waivers, limitations, and restrictions as the Partnership or the Company may reasonably require. Any Transfer of the LTIP Units which is not made in compliance with the Plan, the Partnership Agreement and this Agreement shall be null and void and of no effect. Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement, without the consent of the Committee (which it may give or withhold in its sole discretion), the Grantee shall not Transfer the LTIP Units (whether vested or unvested, but excluding for the avoidance of doubt any conversion of a Class 1 Performance LTIP Unit to a Class 1 LTIP Unit) or any corresponding Class 1 LTIP Units into which the Class 1 Performance LTIP Units convert, including by means of a redemption of such Class 1 LTIP Units by the Partnership, until the earlier of (i) the occurrence of, and in connection with, a Change of Control (or such earlier time as is necessary in order for the Grantee to participate in such Change of Control transaction with respect to the LTIP Units and receive the consideration payable with respect thereto in connection with such Change of Control) and (ii) the expiration of the two (2) year period following the applicable Date of Award set forth above, other than by will or the laws of descent and distribution. 11. Capital Account. The Grantee shall make no contribution of capital to the Partnership in connection with the issuance of the LTIP Units and, as a result, the Grantee’s Capital Account balance in the Partnership immediately after his or her receipt of the LTIP Units shall be equal to zero, unless the Grantee was a Partner in the Partnership prior to such issuance, in which case the Grantee’s Capital Account balance shall not be increased as a result of his or her receipt of the LTIP Units. 12. Stop Transfer Notices. In order to ensure compliance with the restrictions on transfer set forth in this Agreement, the Plan or the Partnership Agreement, the Company and the Partnership may issue appropriate “stop transfer” instructions to its transfer agent, if any, and, if the Company or the Partnership transfers its own securities, it may make appropriate notations to the same effect in its own records. 13. Refusal to Transfer. The Partnership shall not be required (a) to transfer on its books any LTIP Units that have been sold or otherwise transferred in violation of any of the provisions of this Agreement, the Plan or the Partnership Agreement, or (b) to treat as owner of such LTIP Units or to accord the right to vote or make distributions to any purchaser or other transferee to whom such LTIP Units shall have been so transferred. A-6 14. Restrictions on Public Sale by the Grantee. To the extent not inconsistent with applicable law, the Grantee agrees not to effect any sale or distribution of the LTIP Units or any similar security of the Company or the Partnership, or any securities convertible into or exchangeable or exercisable for such securities, including a sale pursuant to Rule 144 under the 1933 Act, during the fourteen (14) days prior to, and for a period of up to 180 days beginning on, the date of the pricing of any public or private debt or equity securities offering by the Company or the Partnership (except as part of such offering), if and to the extent requested in writing by the Partnership or the Company in the case of a non-underwritten public or private offering or if and to the extent requested in writing by the managing underwriter or underwriters (or initial purchaser or initial purchasers, as the case may be) and consented to by the Partnership or the Company, which consent may be given or withheld in the Partnership’s or the Company’s sole and absolute discretion, in the case of an underwritten public or private offering (such agreement to be in the form of a lock-up agreement provided by the Company, the Partnership, managing underwriter or underwriters, or initial purchaser or purchasers as the case may be). 15. Conformity to Securities Laws. The Grantee acknowledges that the Plan and this Agreement are intended to conform to the extent necessary with all provisions of all applicable federal and state laws, rules and regulations (including, but not limited to, the 1933 Act and the 1934 Act and any and all regulations and rules promulgated by the Securities and Exchange Commission thereunder, including without limitation the applicable exemptive conditions of Rule 16b-3 of the 1934 Act) and to such approvals by any listing, regulatory or other governmental authority as may, in the opinion of counsel for the Partnership or the Company, be necessary or advisable in connection therewith. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, the Plan shall be administered, and the award of LTIP Units is made, only in such a manner as to conform to such laws, rules and regulations. To the extent permitted by applicable law, the Plan, this Agreement and this award of LTIP Units shall be deemed amended to the extent necessary to conform to such laws, rules and regulations. 16. No Right of Continued Service. Nothing in this Agreement shall interfere with or limit in any way the right of the Company or any Parent or Subsidiary to terminate the Grantee’s service at any time, nor confer upon the Grantee any right to continue in the service of the Company or any Parent or Subsidiary. 17. Payment of Taxes. (a) The Grantee covenants that the Grantee shall make a timely election under Section 83(b) of the Code (and any comparable election in the state of the Grantee’s residence) with respect to the LTIP Units, and the Partnership hereby consents to the making of such election(s). In connection with such election, the Grantee and the Grantee’s spouse, if applicable, shall promptly provide a copy of such election to the Partnership. A form of election under Section 83(b) of the Code is attached hereto as Exhibit A. The Grantee represents that the Grantee has consulted any tax advisor(s) that the Grantee deems advisable in connection with the filing of an election under Section 83(b) of the Code and similar state tax provisions. The Grantee acknowledges that it is the Grantee’s sole responsibility and not the Company’s or the Partnership’s to timely file an election under Section 83(b) of the Code (and any comparable state election), even if the Grantee requests that the Company, the Partnership or any representative A-7 thereof make such filing on the Grantee’s behalf. The Grantee should consult his or her tax advisor to determine if there is a comparable election to file in the state of his or her residence. (b) The Grantee will, no later than the date as of which any amount related to the LTIP Units first becomes includable in the Grantee’s gross income for federal income tax purposes, pay to the Company, or make other arrangements satisfactory to the Committee regarding payment of, any federal, state and local taxes of any kind required by law to be withheld with respect to such amount. For the avoidance of doubt, the Grantee may satisfy such payment by permitting the Company or the Partnership to reduce the number of LTIP Units by an amount sufficient to satisfy the minimum amount (and not any greater amount) required to be withheld for tax purposes. The obligations of the Company and the Partnership under this Agreement will be conditional on such payment or arrangements, and the Company, and, where applicable, its Subsidiaries will, to the extent permitted by law, have the right to deduct any such taxes from any payment of any kind otherwise due to the Grantee. (c) Prior to any event in connection with the Award that the Company determines may result in any tax withholding obligation, whether U.S. federal, state, local or non-U.S., including any social insurance, employment tax, payment on account or other tax-related obligation (the “Tax Withholding Obligation”), the Grantee must arrange for the satisfaction of the minimum amount of such Tax Withholding Obligation in a manner acceptable to the Company. 18. Profits Interests. The Partnership and the Grantee intend that (i) the LTIP Units be treated as “profits interests” as defined in Internal Revenue Service Revenue Procedure 93-27, as clarified by Revenue Procedure 2001-43, (ii) the issuance of such units not be a taxable event to the Partnership or the Grantee as provided in such revenue procedures, and (iii) the Partnership Agreement, the Plan and this Agreement be interpreted consistently with such intent. In furtherance of such intent, effective immediately prior to the issuance of the LTIP Units, the Partnership may revalue all Partnership assets to their respective gross fair market values, and make the resulting adjustments to the Capital Accounts of the Partners, in each case, as set forth in the Partnership Agreement. 19. Ownership Information. The Grantee hereby covenants that so long as the Grantee holds any LTIP Units, at the request of the Partnership, the Grantee shall disclose to the Partnership in writing such information relating to the Grantee’s ownership of the LTIP Units as the Partnership reasonably believes to be necessary or desirable to ascertain in order to comply with the Code or the requirements of any other appropriate taxing authority. 20. Grantee’s Covenant. The Grantee hereby agrees to use his or her best efforts to provide services to the Company in a workmanlike manner and to promote the Company’s interests. 21. Amendment. The Committee may amend, modify or terminate this Agreement without approval of the Grantee; provided, however, that such amendment, modification or termination shall not, without the Grantee’s consent, reduce or diminish the value of this award determined as if it had been fully vested on the date of such amendment or termination. A-8 22. Plan Controls. The terms contained in the Plan are incorporated into and made a part of this Agreement and this Agreement shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the Plan. In the event of any actual or alleged conflict between the provisions of the Plan and the provisions of this Agreement, the provisions of the Plan shall be controlling and determinative. 23. Successors. This Agreement shall be binding upon any successor of the Company or the Partnership, in accordance with the terms of this Agreement and the Plan. 24. Severability. If any one or more of the provisions contained in this Agreement is invalid, illegal or unenforceable, the other provisions of this Agreement will be construed and enforced as if the invalid, illegal or unenforceable provision had never been included. 25. Notice. Notices and communications under this Agreement must be in writing and either personally delivered or sent by registered or certified United States mail, return receipt requested, postage prepaid. Notices to the Company or the Partnership must be addressed to: UDR, Inc. 1745 Shea Center Dr., Suite 200 Highlands Ranch, Colorado 80129 Attn: Corporate Secretary or any other address designated by the Company or the Partnership in a written notice to the Grantee. Notices to the Grantee will be directed to the address of the Grantee then currently on file with the Company, or at any other address given by the Grantee in a written notice to the Company. 26. Dispute Resolution. The provisions of this Section 26 shall be the exclusive means of resolving disputes arising out of or relating to the Plan and this Agreement. The Company, the Grantee, and the Grantee’s assignees (the “parties”) shall attempt in good faith to resolve any disputes arising out of or relating to the Plan and this Agreement by negotiation between individuals who have authority to settle the controversy. Negotiations shall be commenced by either party by notice of a written statement of the party’s position and the name and title of the individual who will represent the party. Within thirty (30) days of the written notification, the parties shall meet at a mutually acceptable time and place, and thereafter as often as they reasonably deem necessary, to resolve the dispute. If the dispute has not been resolved by negotiation, the parties agree that any suit, action, or proceeding arising out of or relating to the Plan or this Agreement shall be brought in the United States District Court for the District of Colorado (or should such court lack jurisdiction to hear such action, suit or proceeding, in a state court in Colorado) and that the parties shall submit to the jurisdiction of such court. The parties irrevocably waive, to the fullest extent permitted by law, any objection the party may have to the laying of venue for any such suit, action or proceeding brought in such court. THE PARTIES ALSO EXPRESSLY WAIVE ANY RIGHT THEY HAVE OR MAY HAVE TO A JURY TRIAL OF ANY SUCH SUIT, ACTION OR PROCEEDING. If any one or more provisions of this Section 26 shall for any reason be held invalid or unenforceable, it is the specific intent of the parties that such provisions shall be modified to the minimum extent necessary to make it or its application valid and enforceable. A-9 IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Company, the Partnership and the Grantee have executed this Agreement and agree that the LTIP Units are to be governed by the terms and conditions of this Agreement, the Partnership Agreement and the Plan. UDR, INC. By: Name: Title: UNITED DOMINION REALTY, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership By: UDR, Inc., a Maryland corporation, its General Partner By: Name: Title: The Grantee acknowledges receipt of a copy of the Plan, the Partnership Agreement and this Agreement and represents that he or she is familiar with the terms and provisions thereof, and hereby accepts the LTIP Units subject to all of the terms and provisions hereof and thereof. The Grantee has reviewed this Agreement, the Partnership Agreement and the Plan in their entirety, has had an opportunity to obtain the advice of counsel prior to executing this Agreement and fully understands all provisions of this Agreement, the Partnership Agreement and the Plan. The Grantee hereby agrees that all disputes arising out of or relating to this Agreement and the Plan shall be resolved in accordance with Section 26 of this Agreement. The Grantee further agrees to notify the Company upon any change in the residence address indicated in this Agreement. GRANTEE: _________________________________ [Name] A-10 Exhibit A FORM OF SECTION 83(b) ELECTION [Attached] A-1 ELECTION PURSUANT TO SECTION 83(b) OF THE INTERNAL REVENUE CODE The undersigned hereby elects, pursuant to Section 83(b) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, to include in the undersigned’s gross income for the taxable year in which the property was transferred the excess (if any) of the fair market value of the property described below, over the amount the undersigned paid for such property, if any, and supplies herewith the following information in accordance with the Treasury regulations promulgated under Section 83(b): 1. The name, taxpayer identification number and address of the undersigned, and the taxable year for which this election is being made, are: TAXPAYER’S NAME: TAXPAYER’S SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBER: ADDRESS: TAXABLE YEAR: The name, taxpayer identification number and address of the undersigned’s spouse are (complete if applicable): SPOUSE’S NAME: SPOUSE’S SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBER: ADDRESS: 2. The property which is the subject of this election is Class 1 Performance LTIP Units (the “Units”) of United Dominion Realty, L.P. (the “Company”), representing an interest in the future profits, losses and distributions of the Company. 3. . The date on which the above property was transferred to the undersigned was 4. The above property is subject to the following restrictions: The Units are subject to forfeiture to the extent unvested upon a termination of service with the Company under certain circumstances. These restrictions lapse upon the satisfaction of certain conditions as set forth in an agreement between the taxpayer and the Company. In addition, the Units are subject to certain transfer restrictions pursuant to such agreement and the Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership of United Dominion Realty, L.P., as amended (or amended and restated) from time to time, should the taxpayer wish to transfer the Units. 5. The fair market value of the above property at the time of transfer (determined without regard to any restriction other than a nonlapse restriction as defined in § 1.83-3(h) of the Income Tax Regulations) was $0. 1 6. 7. The amount paid for the above property by the undersigned was $0. The amount to include in gross income is $0. The undersigned taxpayer will file this election with the Internal Revenue Service office with which taxpayer files his or her annual income tax return not later than 30 days after the date of transfer of the property. A copy of this election will be furnished to the person for whom the services were performed. The undersigned is the person performing the services in connection with which the property was transferred. Dated: _________________ Dated: _________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ 2 Exhibit B PARTNERSHIP CALL RIGHT NOTICE United Dominion Realty, L.P. (the “Partnership”) hereby irrevocably elects, in accordance with the terms of Section 7 of that certain Class 1 Performance Unit Award Agreement dated as of [DATE] by and between the Partnership and [GRANTEE] (the “Award Agreement”), to exercise the Partnership Call Right with respect to certain Post-Conversion Period Performance LTIP Units that were issued under such agreement (the “Post-Conversion Period Class 1 Performance LTIP Units”). The Call Date applicable to such exercise and the subject Post-Conversion Period Class 1 Performance LTIP Units are set forth below. In accordance with the terms of the Award Agreement, you will be paid the fair market value of such Class 1 Performance LTIP Units as of the Call Date, as determined in good faith by the General Partner of the Partnership, which price the General Partner subsequently will provide on the Call Date if not stated below. Such amount may be paid in cash or in stock of UDR, Inc., a Maryland corporation, or in any combination thereof, as determined by the General Partner in its sole discretion. Name of Post-Conversion Period Class 1 Performance LTIP Unit Holder: Name as Registered with Partnership Number of Post-Conversion Period Class 1 Performance LTIP Units to be Purchased: ______ Date of Award of Post-Conversion Period Class 1 Performance LTIP Units to be Purchased: ______ Call Date: Aggregate Purchase Price: B-1 UDR, INC. 1999 LONG-TERM INCENTIVE PLAN Exhibit 10.23 NOTICE OF CLASS 2 PERFORMANCE LTIP UNIT AWARD Grantee’s Name and Address: In consideration of the agreement by the Grantee named above (the “Grantee”) to provide services to or for the benefit of United Dominion Realty, L.P. (the “Partnership”), the Partnership hereby grants to the Grantee an award (the “Award”) of the Class 2 Performance LTIP Units listed below (the “LTIP Units”), subject to the terms and conditions of this Notice of Class 2 Performance LTIP Unit Award (the “Notice”), the UDR, Inc. (the “Company”) 1999 Long-Term Incentive Plan (as amended through the date hereof, the “Existing Plan”), to the extent approved and effective, the amendment and restatement of the Existing Plan, to be effective upon UDR, Inc., shareholder approval (the “Restated Plan” and, together with the Existing Plan, the “Plan”), the Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership of United Dominion Realty, L.P., as amended from time to time (the “Partnership Agreement”), and the Class 2 Performance LTIP Unit Agreement (including Appendix A thereto) attached hereto (the “Agreement”). Unless otherwise provided herein, the capitalized terms in this Notice shall have the same meaning as those defined in the Plan, the Partnership Agreement and/or the Agreement, as applicable. Award Number Total Class 2 Performance LTIP Units: Date of Award: Date of Issue Price: [Units] [Date] [Date] Vesting Schedule: Subject to the Grantee’s continuing employment, except as set forth below, and subject to the other limitations set forth in this Notice, the Agreement, the Partnership Agreement, and the Plan, the LTIP Units will vest only to the extent the established metrics set forth in the Agreement are met for the applicable performance periods set forth in the Agreement. If the Grantee would become vested in a fraction of an LTIP Unit, such LTIP Unit shall not vest until the Grantee becomes vested in the entire LTIP Unit. The portions of the Award based upon the Relative Peer TSR Metric, the Relative REIT TSR Metric and the FFO as Adjusted Relative Growth Metric will vest on the date the Committee determines performance (the “Determination Date”) in January or February 20__. The portions of the Award based upon the FFO as Adjusted Metric will be measured and vest 50% on the Determination Date in January or February 20__ and 50% (the “Earned but Unvested FFO as Adjusted Metric Portion”) on the one-year anniversary thereof. Employment through the applicable vesting date generally is required except as otherwise provided below. 1 Except as otherwise determined by the Committee, in its sole discretion, vesting shall cease upon the date the Grantee’s employment is terminated for any reason other than a termination (i) due to the Grantee’s death or Disability or (ii) if the Restated Plan is approved by shareholders, (x) by the Company or any Parent or Subsidiary (or any successors thereof) without Cause (as defined in Section 4 of the Agreement) or (y) by the Grantee for Good Reason (as defined in Section 4 of the Agreement), in either case, on or within 12 months following the date of a Change of Control (such termination described in (i) or (ii), a “Qualifying Termination”), and no Unvested Units shall thereafter become vested. If a Qualifying Termination occurs prior to the applicable Determination Date (or, with respect to any Earned but Unvested FFO as Adjusted Metric Portion, prior to the vesting thereof), any Earned but Unvested FFO as Adjusted Metric Portion that is then outstanding will vest in full and all other outstanding Unvested Units will vest at target levels on the date of the Qualifying Termination. In the event the Grantee’s employment is terminated for any reason other than a Qualifying Termination, and the LTIP Units do not otherwise vest, then all Unvested Units held by the Grantee immediately upon such termination of the Grantee’s employment shall automatically and without any further action thereupon be cancelled and forfeited without payment of any consideration therefor, and the Grantee shall have no further right, title or interest in or to the Unvested Units. Section 14.9 (Acceleration Upon Retirement) of the Plan shall not apply to the LTIP Units. If (and only if) the Restated Plan is not approved by shareholders, pursuant to Section 14.10 of the Existing Plan, upon the occurrence of a Change of Control any Earned but Unvested FFO as Adjusted Metric Portion that is then outstanding will vest in full and all other outstanding Unvested Units will vest at target levels. If the Restated Plan is approved by shareholders, the Unvested Units will not vest solely due to a Change of Control pursuant to Section 14.10 of the Existing Plan, but the LTIP Units will be eligible to vest pursuant to Section 14.10 of the Restated Plan due to a Qualifying Termination, as described in the preceding paragraph. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Company, the Partnership and the Grantee have executed this Notice and agree that the Award is to be governed by the terms and conditions of this Notice, the Plan, the Partnership Agreement and the Agreement. UDR, Inc., a Maryland corporation By: Title: Date: [Date] United Dominion Realty, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership By: UDR, Inc., a Maryland corporation By: Title: Date: [Date] 2 THE GRANTEE ACKNOWLEDGES AND AGREES THAT THE LTIP UNITS SHALL VEST, IF AT ALL, ONLY DURING THE PERIOD OF THE GRANTEE’S EMPLOYMENT OR AS OTHERWISE SPECIFICALLY PROVIDED HEREIN (NOT THROUGH THE ACT OF BEING HIRED OR BEING GRANTED THIS AWARD). THE GRANTEE FURTHER ACKNOWLEDGES AND AGREES THAT NOTHING IN THIS NOTICE, THE AGREEMENT, THE PARTNERSHIP AGREEMENT NOR IN THE PLAN SHALL CONFER UPON THE GRANTEE ANY RIGHT WITH RESPECT TO CONTINUATION OF THE GRANTEE’S EMPLOYMENT, NOR SHALL IT INTERFERE IN ANY WAY WITH THE GRANTEE’S RIGHT OR THE COMPANY’S RIGHT TO TERMINATE THE GRANTEE’S EMPLOYMENT AT ANY TIME, WITH OR WITHOUT CAUSE, AND WITH OR WITHOUT NOTICE. THE GRANTEE ACKNOWLEDGES THAT UNLESS THE GRANTEE HAS A WRITTEN EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENT WITH THE COMPANY TO THE CONTRARY, THE GRANTEE’S STATUS IS AT WILL. Grantee: _________________________________ [Name] 3 CLASS 2 PERFORMANCE LTIP UNIT AWARD AGREEMENT under the UDR, INC. 1999 LONG-TERM INCENTIVE PLAN 1. Grant of LTIP Units. In consideration of the agreement by the Grantee to provide services to or for the benefit of the Partnership, the Partnership hereby (a) grants to the Grantee an award (the “Award”) of the LTIP Units set forth in the Notice of Class 2 Performance LTIP Unit Award (the “Notice”) to which this Class 2 Performance LTIP Unit Agreement (this “Agreement”) is attached, subject to the terms and provisions of the Notice, this Agreement, the Partnership Agreement and the Plan, and (b) if not already a Partner, admits the Grantee as a Partner of the Partnership on the terms and conditions set forth in the Notice, this Agreement, the Partnership Agreement and the Plan. The Partnership and the Grantee acknowledge and agree that the LTIP Units are hereby granted to the Grantee for the performance of services to or for the benefit of the Partnership in his or her capacity as a Partner or in anticipation of the Grantee becoming a Partner. To the extent not an existing Partner, the Grantee shall be admitted to the Partnership as an additional Limited Partner with respect to the LTIP Units only upon the satisfactory completion of the applicable requirements set forth in the Partnership Agreement, including the requirements set forth in Section 4 of Exhibit H to the Partnership Agreement. At the request of the Partnership, the Grantee shall execute the Partnership Agreement or a joinder or counterpart signature page thereto. The Grantee acknowledges that the Partnership may from time to time issue or cancel (or otherwise modify) LTIP Units in accordance with the terms of the Partnership Agreement. The LTIP Units shall have the rights, voting powers, restrictions, limitations as to distributions, qualifications and terms and conditions of redemption and conversion set forth in the Notice, this Agreement, the Plan and the Partnership Agreement. 2. Date of Issuance of the LTIP Units. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary the LTIP Units shall be issued as of the Date of Award. 3. Certain Additional Terms of the LTIP Units. For each of the LTIP Units: (a) The “Date of Award” is the applicable date identified as such in the Notice. (b) The “Expiration Date” with respect to any LTIP Unit is the 10th anniversary of the Date of Award. (c) The “Full Distribution Participation Date” with respect to any LTIP Unit is the Conversion Date on which such LTIP Unit is converted into any portion of one or more Class 2 LTIP Units under Section 12 of Exhibit H to the Partnership Agreement (but in no event earlier than the applicable Determination Date). (d) The “Initial Sharing Percentage” with respect to any LTIP Unit is ___%. (e) The “Issue Price” with respect to any LTIP Unit is $_____, which is the REIT Share Value on the Date of Award. (f) Any LTIP Unit not yet converted under Section 12 of the Partnership Agreement as of immediately after the Expiration Date shall be subject to the Partnership Call Right set forth in Section 7 below. 1 4. Definitions. For purposes of this Agreement, the following terms shall have the meanings set forth below. All capitalized terms used but not otherwise defined herein shall have the meanings ascribed to such terms in the Notice, the Plan, the Partnership Agreement and/or Appendix A, as applicable. (a) “Base Units” means the number of LTIP Units designated as Base Units on Appendix A attached hereto. (b) “Cause” means, unless an agreement between the Grantee and the Company or a Parent or Subsidiary (or successor thereof) states otherwise, (i) failure by the Grantee to perform the duties of the Grantee to the Company or a Parent or Subsidiary (or successor thereof) (other than due to his or her Disability), provided that such conduct shall not constitute Cause unless and until such failure by Grantee to perform his or her duties has not been cured to the satisfaction of the Company or a Parent or Subsidiary (or successor thereof), in its reasonable discretion, within 15 days after written notice of such failure has been given by the Company to the Grantee; (ii) an act of fraud, embezzlement, theft, breach of fiduciary duty, dishonesty, or any other misconduct or any violation of law (other than a traffic violation) committed by the Grantee; (iii) any action by the Grantee intentionally causing damage to or misappropriation of the Company’s or a Parent’s or Subsidiary’s (or any of their successor’s) assets; (iv) the Grantee’s wrongful disclosure of confidential information of the Company or a Parent or Subsidiary (or successor thereof); (v) the Grantee’s breach of (x) any non-competition, non-solicitation, non-disparagement or other restrictive covenants related to the Company or a Parent or Subsidiary (or successor thereof) to which he or she is subject, and/or (y) the Grantee’s duty of loyalty; (vi) the Grantee’s material breach of any written or published employment policy of the Company; or (vii) performance by the Grantee of his or her employment duties in a manner deemed by the Committee, in its reasonable discretion, to be grossly negligent. (c) FFO as Adjusted Metric: (i) “FFO as Adjusted” means the Company’s 20__ Funds From Operations as Adjusted as reported in Attachment 2, Funds From Operations (unaudited) of the Earnings Press Release Supplement, excluding the impact of acquisition-related costs and adjusted for other non-recurring items, including, but not limited to, prepayment costs/benefits associated with early debt retirement, gains on sales of marketable securities and taxable REIT subsidiary property, severance costs, joint venture promotes, disposition fee income, NOI on the sale of non-depreciated real estate owned, casualty related recoveries/charges and legal costs. (ii) “FFO as Adjusted Metric” means the following metric, pursuant to which a percentage of __% of the target award will be earned based on the Company’s FFO as Adjusted as follows: 1-Year FFO as Adjusted Percentage of % Earned* Below $___ $___ (“threshold”) $___ (“target”) $___ (“maximum”) 2 0% 50% 100% 200% *If achievement is greater than the threshold and falls between any two points on the chart above, the percentage of 30% of the target award earned will be determined by linear interpolation. (iii) “FFO as Adjusted Metric Base Units” means the number of Base Units designated as FFO as Adjusted Metric Base Units on Appendix A attached hereto. (iv) “FFO as Adjusted Metric Performance Period” means January 1, 20__ to December 31, 20__. (v) “FFO as Adjusted Metric Performance Vesting Percentage” means the percentage determined using the calculation as set forth on Exhibit 3 attached hereto, which is a function of the Company FFO as Adjusted during the FFO as Adjusted Metric Performance Period. (vi) “FFO as Adjusted Metric Vested Base Units” means the product of (A) the total number of FFO as Adjusted Metric Base Units, and (B) the applicable FFO as Adjusted Metric Performance Vesting Percentage. (d) FFO as Adjusted Relative Growth Rate Metric: (i) “FFO as Adjusted Relative Growth Rate Metric” means the following metric, pursuant to which a percentage of ___% of the target award may be earned based on the relative spread of the Company’s cumulative 3-year FFO as Adjusted growth rate to the weighted average cumulative 3-year FFO as Adjusted Equivalent for the Apartment Peers (as calculated by management using the methodology set forth on Exhibit 2, excluding non-recurring items) for the Performance Period as follows: Relative 3-Year FFO as Adjusted Growth Rate Percentage of % Earned* Below ___ bps to Weighted Average FFO as Adjusted ___ bps to Weighted Average FFO as Adjusted (“threshold”) Weighted Average FFO as Adjusted (“target”) ___bps to Weighted Average FFO as Adjusted (“maximum”) 0% 50% 100% 200% *If achievement is greater than the threshold and falls between any two points on the chart above, the percentage of ___% of the target award earned will be determined by linear interpolation. Cumulative 3-Year FFO as Adjusted growth rate is the percentage increase in FFO (determined as set forth in Exhibit 2 attached hereto and incorporated herein), excluding the impact of acquisition-related costs and other non-recurring items, including, but not limited to, prepayment costs/benefits associated with early debt retirement, gains on sales of marketable securities and taxable REIT subsidiary property, 3 severance costs, joint venture promotes, disposition fee income, NOI on the sale of non-depreciated real estate owned, casualty related recoveries/charges and legal costs. (ii) “FFO as Adjusted Relative Growth Rate Metric Base Units” means the number of Base Units designated as FFO as Adjusted Relative Growth Rate Metric Base Units on Appendix A attached hereto. (iii) “FFO as Adjusted Relative Growth Rate Metric Performance Period” means January 1, 20__ to December 31, 20__. (iv) “FFO as Adjusted Relative Growth Rate Metric Performance Vesting Percentage” means the percentage determined as set forth in the table in Section 2(d) (i) above. (v) “FFO as Adjusted Relative Growth Rate Metric Vested Base Units” means the product of (A) the total number of FFO as Adjusted Relative Growth Rate Metric Base Units, and (B) the applicable FFO as Adjusted Relative Growth Rate Metric Performance Vesting Percentage. (e) “Good Reason” means, unless an agreement between the Grantee and the Company or a Parent or Subsidiary (or successor thereof) states otherwise, a termination of employment by the Grantee within 60 days following the occurrence of (i) a material diminution in, or material adverse alteration to, the Grantee’s title, base salary or other compensation, position, or duties and responsibilities, or (ii) the relocation of the Grantee’s principal office outside the area within a 30 mile radius from the Grantee’s principle place of business prior to the Change of Control or from such other location as may be mutually agreed by the Grantee and the Company, provided that the events described in clauses (i) and (ii) above shall not constitute Good Reason (x) until the Grantee provides written notice to the Company of the existence of such material diminution, material alteration, or relocation, as the case may be, within 30 days of its occurrence and (y) unless such material diminution, material alteration, or relocation, as the case may be, has not been cured within 30 days after written notice of such noncompliance has been given by the Grantee to the Company. (f) Relative Peer TSR Metric: (i) “Relative Peer TSR Metric” means the following metric, pursuant to which a percentage of ___% of the target award may be earned based on the relative spread of the Company’s TSR against the weighted average TSR of each of the large cap apartment REITs, consisting of _________collectively the “Apartment Peers”, for the Relative Peer TSR Metric Performance Period as follows: Relative Cumulative 3-Year TSR Spread to Apartment Peers Below ___bps to Weighted Average TSR ___ bps to Weighted Average TSR (“threshold”) Weighted Average TSR (“target”) ___ bps to Weighted Average TSR (“maximum”) 4 * Percentage of % Earned* 0% 50% 100% 200% *For results between threshold and target, or between target and maximum, the percentage of 35% of the target award earned shall be based on interpolation. (ii) “Relative Peer TSR Metric Base Units” means the number of Base Units designated as Relative Peer TSR Metric Base Units on Appendix A attached hereto. (iii) “Relative Peer TSR Metric Performance Period” means January 1, 20__ to December, 31 20__. (iv) “Relative Peer TSR Metric Performance Vesting Percentage” means the percentage determined as set forth in the table in Section 4(f)(i) above. (v) “Relative Peer TSR Metric Vested Base Units” means the product of (A) the total number of Relative Peer TSR Metric Base Units, and (B) the applicable Relative Peer TSR Metric Performance Vesting Percentage. (g) Relative REIT TSR Metric: (i) “Relative REIT TSR Metric” means the following metric, pursuant to which a percentage of ___% of the target award may be earned based on the relative spread of the Company’s TSR against the NAREIT Equity REITs Total Return Index (FNRETR) for the Relative REIT TSR Metric Performance Period as follows: Relative Cumulative 3-Year TSR Spread vs. REITs Percentage of % Earned* Below ___ bps to Weighted Average TSR ___ bps to Weighted Average TSR (“threshold”) Weighted Average TSR (“target”) ___ bps to Weighted Average TSR (“maximum”) 0% 50% 100% 200% *For results between threshold and target, or between target and maximum, the percentage of ___% of the target award earned shall be based on interpolation. (ii) “Relative REIT TSR Metric Base Units” means the number of Base Units designated as Relative REIT TSR Metric Base Units on Appendix A attached hereto. (iii) “Relative REIT TSR Metric Performance Period” means January 1, 20__ to December 31, 20__. (iv) “Relative REIT TSR Metric Performance Vesting Percentage” means the percentage determined as set forth in the table in Section 4(g)(i) above. 5 (v) “Relative REIT TSR Metric Vested Base Units” means the product of (i) the total number of Relative REIT TSR Metric Base Units, and (ii) the applicable Relative REIT TSR Metric Performance Vesting Percentage. TSR Calculations For purposes of the 20__ LTI Program, the Company’s TSR shall be calculated by using the twenty (20)-day trailing average share price (“TSR”) expressed as a percentage rounded to the nearest tenth of a percent (0.10%) at the beginning and end of the performance period, as calculated by management using the methodology set forth in Exhibit 1 attached hereto and incorporated herein for the measurement of TSR. The Committee shall make equitable adjustments to the Company’s TSR and the Grantee’s target numbers of RSUs and/or Units to take into account any extraordinary, unusual or non-recurring corporate events affecting the Company as described in Article 15 of the Plan, such as spin-offs, stock splits, reverse splits, special dividends, recapitalizations, reorganizations, and similar events. The relative TSR vs. apartment peers shall be calculated by management by taking a weighted average as of the first day of the performance period (using beginning of year equity market capitalization as the weighting) of the three-year apartment peer total shareholder returns and thereafter calculating the difference between the Company’s absolute total shareholder return and the relative comparison, expressed in basis points. Weighted average shall be calculated by management using the methodology set forth on Exhibit 1. The TSR of each of the member companies comprising the Apartment Peers will be calculated by management using a methodology analogous in all material respects to that used for the calculation of the Company’s TSR, to provide a fair comparison of TSRs. The Committee shall make equitable adjustments to the Company’s TSR and the Grantee’s target numbers of RSUs and/or Units to take into account any extraordinary, unusual or non-recurring corporate events affecting the Apartment Peers as described in Article 15 of the Plan, such as spin-offs, stock splits, reverse splits, special dividends, recapitalizations, reorganizations, and similar events. To the extent a member of the Apartment Peers ceases to be a separate publicly traded company during the entire performance period, it will be excluded from the calculations of all TSR rankings. To the extent during the performance period a member of the Apartment Peers is the subject of an acquisition proposal or publicly reported speculation regarding acquisition, a going private transaction or other event and such event has an impact (positive or negative) on the member’s TSR, such member will similarly be excluded from the calculations of all TSR rankings. Also, any member of the Apartment Peers that files for bankruptcy during the performance period shall have a minus 100% value assigned to its TSR for purposes of ranking such company within the index. (h) “Restrictions” means the exposure to forfeiture set forth in the Notice. (i) “Unvested Unit” means any LTIP Unit that has not become fully vested pursuant to Section 6 hereof and remains subject to the Restrictions. 5. LTIP Units Subject to Partnership Agreement; Transfer Restrictions. The LTIP Units are subject to the terms of the Plan and the terms of the Partnership Agreement, including, without limitation, the restrictions on transfer of Units set forth in Article 9 of the Partnership Agreement. Any permitted transferee of the LTIP Units shall take such LTIP Units subject to the terms of the Plan, this Agreement, the Notice and the Partnership Agreement. Any such permitted transferee must, upon the request of the 6 Partnership, agree to be bound by the Plan, the Partnership Agreement, the Notice and this Agreement, and shall execute the same on request, and must agree to such other waivers, limitations, and restrictions as the Partnership or the Company may reasonably require. Any sale, transfer, exchange, redemption, assignment, pledge, hypothecation or other encumbrance (each, a “Transfer”) of the LTIP Units which is not made in compliance with the Plan, the Partnership Agreement, the Notice and this Agreement shall be null and void and of no effect. Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement, without the consent of the Committee (which it may give or withhold in its sole discretion), the Grantee shall not convert the LTIP Units (or any corresponding Class 2 LTIP Units into which the Class 2 Performance LTIP Units convert) into Partnership Common Units or Transfer (including by means of a redemption but excluding any conversion of Class 2 Performance LTIP Units to Class 2 LTIP Units) the LTIP Units or any corresponding Class 2 LTIP Units into which the Class 2 Performance LTIP Units convert, in each case whether vested or unvested, until the earlier of (i) the occurrence of, and in connection with, a Change of Control (or such earlier time as is necessary in order for the Grantee to participate in such Change of Control transaction with respect to LTIP Units and receive the consideration payable with respect thereto in connection with such Change of Control) and (ii) the expiration of the two (2) year period following the Date of Award set forth in the Notice, other than by will or the laws of descent and distribution. 6. Performance Vesting. (a) FFO as Adjusted Metric Units. As soon as reasonably practicable (but in no event more than 60 days) following the completion of the FFO as Adjusted Metric Performance Period, the Committee shall determine: the Company FFO as Adjusted; the FFO as Adjusted Metric Performance Vesting Percentage and the number of LTIP Units granted hereby that have become FFO as Adjusted Metric Vested Base Units, in each case as of the completion of the FFO as Adjusted Metric Performance Period. Upon such determination by the Committee (the “FFO Determination Date”), the Restrictions set forth in the Notice shall lapse with respect to fifty-percent (50%) of the FFO as Adjusted Metric Performance Vested Base Units and such FFO as Adjusted Metric Performance Vested Base Units shall become fully vested subject to Grantee’s continued employment through the Determination Date, except as provided in the Notice or as otherwise determined by the Committee, in its sole discretion. The Restrictions shall lapse with respect to the remaining fifty-percent (50%) of the FFO as Adjusted Metric Performance Vested Base Units and such FFO as Adjusted Metric Performance Vested Base Units shall become fully vested on the first anniversary of the FFO Determination Date, subject to Grantee’s continued employment through such date, except as provided in the Notice or as otherwise determined by the Committee, in its sole discretion. Any FFO as Adjusted Metric Base Units granted hereby which have not become FFO as Adjusted Metric Performance Vested Base Units as of the FFO Determination Date will automatically be cancelled and forfeited without payment of any consideration therefor, and the Grantee shall have no further right to or interest in such FFO as Adjusted Metric Base Units. (b) Relative Peer TSR Metric Units. As soon as reasonably practicable (but in no event more than 60 days) following the completion of the Relative Peer TSR Metric Performance Period, the Committee shall determine: the Company’s TSR; the Relative Peer TSR Performance Vesting Percentage; and the number of LTIP Units granted hereby that have become Relative Peer TSR Metric Vested Base Units, in each case as of the completion of the Relative Peer TSR Metric Performance Period. Upon such determination by the Committee (the “Relative Peer TSR Metric Determination Date”), the Restrictions shall lapse with respect to the Relative Peer TSR Metric Performance Vested Base Units and such Relative Peer TSR Metric Performance Vested Base Units shall become fully vested subject to Grantee’s continued employment through the Relative Peer TSR Metric Determination Date, except as provided in the Notice or as otherwise determined by the Committee, in its sole discretion. Any Relative Peer TSR Metric Base 7 Units granted hereby which have not become Relative Peer TSR Metric Performance Vested Base Units as of the Relative Peer TSR Metric Determination Date will automatically be cancelled and forfeited without payment of any consideration therefor, and the Grantee shall have no further right to or interest in such Relative Peer TSR Metric Base Units. (c) Relative REIT TSR Metric Units. As soon as reasonably practicable (but in no event more than 60 days) following the completion of the Relative REIT TSR Metric Performance Period, the Committee shall determine: the extent to which the Relative REIT TSR Metric has been achieved; the Relative REIT TSR Metric Performance Vesting Percentage; and the number of LTIP Units granted hereby that have become Relative REIT TSR Metric Vested Base Units, in each case as of the completion of the Relative REIT TSR Metric Performance Period. Upon such determination by the Committee (the “Relative REIT TSR Determination Date”), the Restrictions shall lapse with respect to the Relative REIT TSR Metric Performance Vested Base Units and such Relative REIT TSR Metric Performance Vested Base Units shall become fully vested, subject to Grantee’s continued employment through such vesting date, except as provided in the Notice or as otherwise determined by the Committee, in its sole discretion. Any Relative REIT TSR Metric Base Units granted hereby which have not become Relative REIT TSR Metric Performance Vested Base Units as of the Relative REIT TSR Determination Date will automatically be cancelled and forfeited without payment of any consideration therefor, and the Grantee shall have no further right to or interest in such Relative REIT TSR Metric Base Units. (d) FFO as Adjusted Relative Growth Rate Metric Units. As soon as reasonably practicable (but in no event more than 60 days) following the completion of the FFO as Adjusted Relative Growth Rate Metric Performance Period, the Committee shall determine: the extent to which the FFO as Adjusted Relative Growth Rate has been achieved; the FFO as Adjusted Relative Growth Rate Metric Performance Vesting Percentage; and the number of LTIP Units granted hereby that have become FFO as Adjusted Relative Growth Rate Metric Vested Base Units, in each case as of the completion of the FFO as Adjusted Relative Growth Rate Metric Performance Period. Upon such determination by the Committee (the “FFO as Adjusted Relative Growth Rate Determination Date”), the Restrictions shall lapse with respect to the FFO as Adjusted Relative Growth Rate Metric Performance Vested Base Units and such FFO as Adjusted Relative Growth Rate Metric Performance Vested Base Units shall become fully vested, subject to Grantee’s continued employment through such vesting date, except as provided in the Notice or as otherwise determined by the Committee, in its sole discretion. Any FFO as Adjusted Relative Growth Rate Metric Base Units granted hereby which have not become FFO as Adjusted Relative Growth Rate Metric Performance Vested Base Units as of the FFO as Adjusted Relative Growth Rate Determination Date will automatically be cancelled and forfeited without payment of any consideration therefor, and the Grantee shall have no further right to or interest in such FFO as Adjusted Relative Growth Rate Metric Base Units. 8 7. Partnership Call Right. Any LTIP Unit granted hereunder, upon becoming an Expired Performance LTIP Unit under the Partnership Agreement, shall be subject to purchase by the Partnership or its designee under this Section 7 (such repurchase right, the “Partnership Call Right”). A Partnership Call Right may be exercised with respect to any Expired Performance LTIP Unit by (a) the delivery of a notice (a “Partnership Call Right Notice”) in the form attached hereto as Appendix C to the holder of the applicable Performance LTIP Units no more than thirty (30) days prior to the Call Date specified in such Partnership Call Right Notice, and (b) the payment of the applicable purchase price no later than the applicable Call Date. The purchase price for any Expired Performance LTIP Unit being purchased under the Partnership Call Right will be the fair market value of such Units as of the applicable Call Date, as determined by the General Partner in its sole discretion. The General Partner may, in its sole discretion, permit any Partnership Call Right to be exercised by the Partnership or its designee, and the purchase price payable in respect of any Partnership Call Right may be paid in any combination of immediately available funds and REIT Shares (valued using the REIT Share Value as of the applicable Call Date), as determined by the General Partner in its sole discretion. Each Partnership Call Right Notice shall be provided in the manner provided in Section 12.01 of the Partnership Agreement. Section 5(b) of Exhibit H of the Partnership Agreement shall not apply to any LTIP Unit purchased pursuant to a Partnership Call Right unless the purchasing party is the Partnership. 8. Delivery of Units. The LTIP Units will be registered in the name of the Grantee and may be held by the Company or the Partnership prior to the vesting of such LTIP Units as provided in the Notice and this Agreement (the “Restricted Period”). Any certificate for LTIP Units issued during the Restricted Period shall be registered in the name of the Grantee and shall bear a legend in substantially the following form: THIS CERTIFICATE AND THE LTIP UNITS REPRESENTED HEREBY ARE SUBJECT TO THE TERMS AND CONDITIONS (INCLUDING FORFEITURE AND RESTRICTIONS AGAINST TRANSFER) CONTAINED IN A NOTICE OF CLASS 2 PERFORMANCE LTIP UNIT AWARD AND CLASS 2 PERFORMANCE LTIP UNIT AGREEMENT DATED [DATE] BETWEEN THE REGISTERED OWNER OF THE LTIP UNITS REPRESENTED HEREBY, UDR, INC. AND UNITED DOMINION REALTY, L.P. RELEASE FROM SUCH TERMS AND CONDITIONS SHALL BE MADE ONLY IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE PROVISIONS OF SUCH AGREEMENTS, COPIES OF WHICH ARE ON FILE IN THE OFFICE OF UDR, INC. At the Company’s or the Partnership’s request, the Grantee hereby agrees to promptly execute, deliver and return to the Partnership any and all documents or certificates that the Company or the Partnership deems necessary or desirable to effectuate the cancellation and forfeiture of the Unvested Units, or to effectuate the transfer or surrender of such Unvested Units to the Partnership. In addition, if requested, the Grantee shall deposit with the Company or the Partnership, a stock/unit power, or powers, executed in blank and sufficient to re-convey the Unvested Units to the Company or the Partnership upon termination of the Grantee’s service during the Restricted Period, in accordance with the provisions of the Notice and this Agreement. 9. Determinations by Committee. Notwithstanding anything contained herein, all determinations, interpretations and assumptions relating to the vesting of the Award (including, without limitation, determinations, interpretations and assumptions with respect to the Company’s Relative Peer TSR Metric, Relative REIT TSR Metric, FFO as Adjusted Metric and FFO as Adjusted Relative Growth Rate Metric) shall be made by the Committee and shall be applied consistently and uniformly to all similar 9 Awards granted under the Plan (including, without limitation, similar awards which provide for payment in the form of cash or shares of Stock). In making such determinations, the Committee may employ attorneys, consultants, accountants, appraisers, brokers, or other persons, and the Committee, the Board, the Company, the Partnership and their officers and directors shall be entitled to rely upon the advice, opinions or the valuations of any such persons. All actions taken and all interpretations and determinations made by the Committee in good faith and absent manifest error shall be final and binding upon the Grantee, the Company and all other interested persons. In addition, the Committee, in its discretion, may adjust or modify the methodology for calculations relating to the vesting of the Award (including, without limitation, the methodology for calculating the Company’s Relative Peer TSR Metric, Relative REIT TSR Metric, FFO as Adjusted Metric and FFO as Adjusted Relative Growth Rate Metric), other than the Relative Peer TSR Metric Performance Vesting Percentage, the Relative REIT TSR Metric Performance Vesting Percentage, the FFO as Adjusted Metric Performance Vesting Percentage and the FFO as Adjusted Relative Growth Rate Metric Performance Vesting Percentage, as necessary or desirable to account for events affecting the value of the Stock or Company FFO as Adjusted which, in the discretion of the Committee, are not considered indicative of Company performance, which may include events such as the issuance of new stock, stock repurchases, stock splits, issuances and/or exercises of stock grants or stock options, and similar events, all in order to properly reflect the Company’s intent with respect to the performance objectives underlying the Award or to prevent dilution or enlargement of the benefits or potential benefits intended to be made available with respect to the Award. 10. Covenants, Representations and Warranties. The Grantee hereby represents, warrants, covenants, acknowledges and agrees on behalf of the Grantee and his or her spouse, if applicable, that: (a) Investment. The Grantee is holding the LTIP Units for the Grantee’s own account, and not for the account of any other person or entity. The Grantee is holding the LTIP Units for investment and not with a view to distribution or resale thereof except in compliance with applicable laws regulating securities. (b) Relation to the Partnership. The Grantee is presently an executive officer of the Company, which is the sole general partner of the Partnership, or is otherwise providing services to or for the benefit of the Partnership, and in such capacity has become personally familiar with the business of the Partnership. (c) Access to Information. The Grantee has had the opportunity to ask questions of, and to receive answers from, the Partnership with respect to the terms and conditions of the transactions contemplated hereby and with respect to the business, affairs, financial conditions, and results of operations of the Partnership. (d) Registration. The Grantee understands that the LTIP Units have not been registered under the 1933 Act, and the LTIP Units cannot be transferred by the Grantee unless such transfer is registered under the 1933 Act or an exemption from such registration is available. The Partnership has made no agreements, covenants or undertakings whatsoever to register the transfer of the LTIP Units under the 1933 Act. The Partnership has made no representations, warranties, or covenants whatsoever as to whether any exemption from the 1933 Act, including, without limitation, any exemption for limited sales in routine brokers’ transactions pursuant to Rule 144 of the 1933 Act, will be available. If an exemption under Rule 144 is available at all, it will not be available until at least six (6) months after the issuance of the LTIP Units and then not unless the terms and conditions of Rule 144 have been satisfied. 10 (e) Public Trading. None of the Partnership’s securities are presently publicly traded, and the Partnership has made no representations, covenants or agreements as to whether there will be a public market for any of its securities. (f) Tax Advice. The Partnership has made no warranties or representations to the Grantee with respect to the income tax consequences of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement (including, without limitation, with respect to the decision of whether to make an election under Section 83(b) of the Code), and the Grantee is in no manner relying on the Partnership or its representatives for an assessment of such tax consequences. The Grantee hereby recognizes that the Internal Revenue Service has proposed regulations under Sections 83, 704, and 707 of the Code that may affect the proper treatment of the LTIP Units for federal income tax purposes. In the event that those proposed regulations or similar regulations become final or temporary regulations, the Grantee hereby agrees to cooperate with the Partnership in amending this Agreement and the Partnership Agreement, and to take such other action as may be required, to conform to such regulations. Further, Congress recently enacted, and proposed Treasury Regulations were recently issued under, Section 1061 of the Code, which materially alters the taxation of “profits interests” issued in connection with the provision of services. The Grantee is advised to consult with his or her own tax advisor with respect to such tax consequences and his or her ownership of the LTIP Units. 11. Capital Account. The Grantee shall make no contribution of capital to the Partnership in connection with the issuance of the LTIP Units and, as a result, the Grantee’s Capital Account balance in the Partnership immediately after his or her receipt of the LTIP Units shall be equal to zero, unless the Grantee was a Partner in the Partnership prior to such issuance, in which case the Grantee’s Capital Account balance shall not be increased as a result of his or her receipt of the LTIP Units.. 12. Restrictions on Public Sale by the Grantee. To the extent not inconsistent with applicable law, the Grantee agrees not to effect any sale or distribution of the LTIP Units or any similar security of the Company or the Partnership, or any securities convertible into or exchangeable or exercisable for such securities, including a sale pursuant to Rule 144 under the 1933 Act, during the fourteen (14) days prior to, and for a period of up to 180-days beginning on, the date of the pricing of any public or private debt or equity securities offering by the Company or the Partnership (except as part of such offering), if and to the extent requested in writing by the Partnership or the Company in the case of a non-underwritten public or private offering or if and to the extent requested in writing by the managing underwriter or underwriters (or initial purchaser or initial purchasers, as the case may be) and consented to by the Partnership or the Company, which consent may be given or withheld in the Partnership’s or the Company’s sole and absolute discretion, in the case of an underwritten public or private offering (such agreement to be in the form of a lock-up agreement provided by the Company, the Partnership, managing underwriter or underwriters, or initial purchaser or purchasers as the case may be). 13. Conformity to Securities Laws. The Grantee acknowledges that the Plan, the Notice and this Agreement are intended to conform to the extent necessary with all provisions of all applicable federal and state laws, rules and regulations (including, but not limited to, the 1933 Act and the 1934 Act and any and all regulations and rules promulgated by the Securities and Exchange Commission thereunder, including without limitation the applicable exemptive conditions of Rule 16b-3 of the 1934 Act) and to such approvals by any listing, regulatory or other governmental authority as may, in the opinion of counsel for the Partnership or the Company, be necessary or advisable in connection therewith. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, the Plan shall be administered, and the award of LTIP Units is made, only 11 in such a manner as to conform to such laws, rules and regulations. To the extent permitted by applicable law, the Plan, this Agreement and this award of LTIP Units shall be deemed amended to the extent necessary to conform to such laws, rules and regulations. 14. Taxes. (a) Tax Liability. The Grantee is ultimately liable and responsible for all taxes owed by the Grantee in connection with the Award, regardless of any action the Company or any Related Entity takes with respect to any tax withholding obligations that arise in connection with the Award. Neither the Company nor any Related Entity makes any representation or undertaking regarding the treatment of any tax withholding in connection with any aspect of the Award, including the grant, vesting, assignment, release or cancellation of the LTIP Units, the subsequent sale of any LTIP Units and the receipt of any Partnership distributions. The Company does not commit and is under no obligation to structure the Award to reduce or eliminate the Grantee’s tax liability. For purposes of this Award, “Related Entity” shall mean a Parent or Subsidiary. (b) Payment of Withholding Taxes. Prior to any event in connection with the Award that the Company determines may result in any tax withholding obligation, whether United States federal, state, local or non-U.S., including any social insurance, employment tax, payment on account or other tax-related obligation (the “Tax Withholding Obligation”), the Grantee must arrange for the satisfaction of the minimum amount of such Tax Withholding Obligation in a manner acceptable to the Company. (c) Section 83(b) Election. The Grantee covenants that the Grantee shall make timely elections under Section 83(b) of the Code (and any comparable election in the state of the Grantee’s residence) with respect to the LTIP Units, and the Partnership hereby consents to the making of such election(s). In connection with such election, the Grantee and the Grantee’s spouse, if applicable, shall promptly provide a copy of such election to the Partnership. A form of election under Section 83(b) of the Code is attached hereto as Appendix B. The Grantee represents that the Grantee has consulted any tax advisor(s) that the Grantee deems advisable in connection with the filing of an election under Section 83(b) of the Code and similar state tax provisions. The Grantee acknowledges that it is the Grantee’s sole responsibility and not the Company’s or the Partnership’s to timely file an election under Section 83(b) of the Code (and any comparable state election), even if the Grantee requests that the Company, the Partnership or any representative thereof make such filing on the Grantee’s behalf. The Grantee should consult his or her tax advisor to determine if there is a comparable election to file in the state of his or her residence. 15. Profits Interests. The Partnership and the Grantee intend that (i) the LTIP Units be treated as “profits interests” as defined in Internal Revenue Service Revenue Procedure 93-27, as clarified by Revenue Procedure 2001-43, (ii) the issuance of such units not be a taxable event to the Partnership or the Grantee as provided in such revenue procedures, and (iii) the Partnership Agreement, the Plan, the Notice and this Agreement be interpreted consistently with such intent. In furtherance of such intent, effective immediately prior to each issuance of the LTIP Units, the Partnership may revalue all Partnership assets for Capital Account purposes to their respective gross fair market values (as determined for purposes of Treasury Regulations Section 1.704-1), and make the resulting adjustments to the Capital Accounts of the Partners, in each case, as set forth in the Partnership Agreement. 16. Ownership Information. The Grantee hereby covenants that so long as the Grantee holds any LTIP Units, at the request of the Partnership, the Grantee shall disclose to the Partnership in writing such 12 information relating to the Grantee’s ownership of the LTIP Units as the Partnership reasonably believes to be necessary or desirable to ascertain in order to comply with the Code or the requirements of any other appropriate taxing authority. 17. Entire Agreement; Governing Law. The Notice, the Plan, the Partnership Agreement and this Agreement constitute the entire agreement of the parties with respect to the subject matter hereof and supersede in their entirety all prior undertakings and agreements of the Company, the Partnership and the Grantee with respect to the subject matter hereof, and may not be modified adversely to the Grantee’s interest except by means of a writing signed by the Company, the Partnership and the Grantee. These agreements are to be construed in accordance with and governed by the internal laws of the State of Maryland without giving effect to any choice of law rule that would cause the application of the laws of any jurisdiction other than the internal laws of the State of Maryland to the rights and duties of the parties. Should any provision of the Notice or this Agreement be determined to be illegal or unenforceable, the other provisions shall nevertheless remain effective and shall remain enforceable. 18. Construction. The captions used in the Notice and this Agreement are inserted for convenience and shall not be deemed a part of the Award for construction or interpretation. Except when otherwise indicated by the context, the singular shall include the plural and the plural shall include the singular. Use of the term “or” is not intended to be exclusive unless the context clearly requires otherwise. 19. Administration and Interpretation. Any question or dispute regarding the administration or interpretation of the Notice, the Plan, the Partnership Agreement or this Agreement shall be submitted by the Grantee, the Partnership or the Company to the Committee. The resolution of such question or dispute by the Committee shall be final and binding on all persons. 20. Venue and Jurisdiction. The parties agree that any suit, action, or proceeding arising out of or relating to the Notice, the Plan, the Partnership Agreement or this Agreement shall be brought exclusively in the United States District Court for Colorado (or should such court lack jurisdiction to hear such action, suit or proceeding, in a Colorado state court) and that the parties shall submit to the jurisdiction of such court. The parties irrevocably waive, to the fullest extent permitted by law, any objection the party may have to the laying of venue for any such suit, action or proceeding brought in such court. If any one or more provisions of this Section 20 shall for any reason be held invalid or unenforceable, it is the specific intent of the parties that such provisions shall be modified to the minimum extent necessary to make it or its application valid and enforceable. 21. Plan Controls. The terms contained in the Plan are incorporated into and made a part of the Notice and this Agreement, and the Notice and this Agreement shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the Plan. In the event of any actual or alleged conflict between the provisions of the Plan and the provisions of the Notice and this Agreement, the provisions of the Plan shall be controlling and determinative. 22. Successors. The Notice and this Agreement shall be binding upon any successor of the Company or the Partnership, in accordance with the terms of the Notice, this Agreement and the Plan. 23. Severability. If any one or more of the provisions contained in the Notice or this Agreement is invalid, illegal or unenforceable, the other provisions of the Notice and this Agreement will be construed and enforced as if the invalid, illegal or unenforceable provision had never been included. 13 24. Notices. Any notice required or permitted hereunder shall be given in writing and shall be deemed effectively given upon personal delivery, upon deposit for delivery by an internationally recognized express mail courier service or upon deposit in the United States mail by certified mail (if the parties are within the United States), with postage and fees prepaid, addressed to the other party at its address as shown in these instruments, or to such other address as such party may designate in writing from time to time to the other party. 25. Amendment. The Committee may amend, modify or terminate this Agreement without approval of the Grantee; provided, however, that such amendment, modification or termination shall not, without the Grantee’s consent, reduce or diminish the value of this award determined as if it had been fully vested on the date of such amendment or termination. 26. Amendment and Delay to Meet the Requirements of Section 409A. The Grantee acknowledges that the Company, in the exercise of its sole discretion and without the consent of the Grantee, may amend or modify this Agreement in any manner to the minimum extent necessary to meet the requirements of Section 409A of the Code as amplified by any Treasury regulations or guidance from the Internal Revenue Service as the Company deems appropriate or advisable. In addition, the Company makes no representation that the Award will comply with Section 409A of the Code and makes no undertaking to prevent Section 409A of the Code from applying to the Award or to mitigate its effects on any deferrals or payments made in respect of the Units. The Grantee is encouraged to consult a tax adviser regarding the potential impact of Section 409A of the Code. END OF AGREEMENT 14 Definitions APPENDIX A Capitalized terms not defined herein shall have the meanings set forth in the Class 2 Performance LTIP Unit Agreement to which this Appendix is attached. “Base Units” means _______ Class 2 Performance LTIP Units.1 “FFO as Adjusted Metric Base Units” means _______ Base Units.2 “FFO as Adjusted Relative Growth Rate Metric Base Units” means _______ Base Units.3 “Relative PEER TSR Metric Base Units” means _______Base Units.4 “Relative REIT TSR Metric Base Units” means _______ Base Units.5 “TSR Calculation” shall be calculated as set forth on Exhibit 1 or Exhibit 2, attached hereto, as applicable. . 1 Total number of Base Units will represent total base units (Relative Peer TSR Metric Base Units + Relative REIT TSR Metric Base Units + FFO as Adjusted Metric Base Units + FFO as Adjusted Relative Growth Rate Metric Base Units) at target performance, and will exclude the estimated number of units attributable to dividend value. 2 FFO as Adjusted Metric Base Units will represent __% of the total Base Units. 3 FFO as Adjusted Relative Growth Rate Metric Base Units will represent __% of the total Base Units. 4 Relative PEER TSR Metric Base Units will represent __% of the total Base Units. 5 Relative REIT TSR Metric Base Units will represent __% of the total Base Units. A-1 APPENDIX B FORM OF SECTION 83(b) ELECTION [Attached] B-1 ELECTION PURSUANT TO SECTION 83(b) OF THE INTERNAL REVENUE CODE The undersigned hereby elects, pursuant to Section 83(b) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, to include in the undersigned’s gross income for the taxable year in which the property was transferred the excess (if any) of the fair market value of the property described below, over the amount the undersigned paid for such property, if any, and supplies herewith the following information in accordance with the Treasury regulations promulgated under Section 83(b): 1. The name, taxpayer identification number and address of the undersigned, and the taxable year for which this election is being made, are: TAXPAYER’S NAME: TAXPAYER’S SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBER: ADDRESS: TAXABLE YEAR: The name, taxpayer identification number and address of the undersigned’s spouse are (complete if applicable): SPOUSE’S NAME: SPOUSE’S SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBER: ADDRESS: 2. The property which is the subject of this election is Class 2 Performance LTIP Units (the “Units”) of United Dominion Realty, L.P. (the “Company”), representing an interest in the future profits, losses and distributions of the Company. 3. The date on which the above property was transferred to the undersigned was . 4. The above property is subject to the following restrictions: The Units are subject to forfeiture to the extent unvested upon a termination of service with the Company under certain circumstances and/or to the extent that certain performance conditions are not satisfied. These restrictions lapse upon the satisfaction of certain conditions as set forth in an agreement between the taxpayer and the Company. In addition, the Units are subject to certain transfer restrictions pursuant to such agreement and the Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership of United Dominion Realty, L.P., as amended (or amended and restated) from time to time, should the taxpayer wish to transfer the Units. 5. The fair market value of the above property at the time of transfer (determined without regard to any restriction other than a nonlapse restriction as defined in § 1.83-3(h) of the Income Tax Regulations) was $0. 6. The amount paid for the above property by the undersigned was $0. 1 7. The amount to include in gross income is $0. The undersigned taxpayer will file this election with the Internal Revenue Service office with which taxpayer files his or her annual income tax return not later than 30 days after the date of transfer of the property. A copy of this election will be furnished to the person for whom the services were performed. The undersigned is the person performing the services in connection with which the property was transferred. Dated: _________________ Dated: _________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ 2 APPENDIX C PARTNERSHIP CALL RIGHT NOTICE United Dominion Realty, L.P. (the “Partnership”) hereby irrevocably elects, in accordance with the terms of Section 7 of that certain Class 2 Performance Unit Award Agreement dated as of [Date] by and between the Partnership and [Grantee] (the “Award Agreement”), to exercise the Partnership Call Right with respect to certain Expired Performance LTIP Units that were issued under such agreement (the “Expired Class 2 Performance LTIP Units”). The Call Date applicable to such exercise and the subject Expired Class 2 Performance LTIP Units are set forth below. In accordance with the terms of the Award Agreement, you will be paid the fair market value of such Class 2 Performance LTIP Units as of the Call Date, as determined in the sole discretion of the General Partner of the Partnership, which price the General Partner subsequently will provide on the Call Date if not stated below. Such amount may be paid in cash or in stock of UDR, Inc., a Maryland corporation, or in any combination thereof, as determined by the General Partner in its sole discretion. Name of Expired Class 2 Performance LTIP Unit Holder: Name as Registered with Partnership Number of Expired Class 2 Performance LTIP Units to be Purchased: Date of Award of Expired Class 2 Performance LTIP Units to be Purchased: Call Date: Aggregate Purchase Price: C-1 UDR, INC. 1999 LONG-TERM INCENTIVE PLAN NOTICE OF CLASS 2 PERFORMANCE LTIP UNIT AWARD (Short-Term Incentive Program) Grantee’s Name and Address: Exhibit 10.24 In consideration of the agreement by the Grantee named above (the “Grantee”) to provide services to or for the benefit of United Dominion Realty, L.P. (the “Partnership”), the Partnership hereby grants to the Grantee an award of Class 2 Performance LTIP Units (the “Award”), subject to the terms and conditions of this Notice of Class 2 Performance LTIP Unit Award (Short-Term Incentive Program) (the “Notice”), the UDR, Inc. (the “Company”) 1999 Long-Term Incentive Plan, as amended from time to time, including the amendment and restatement (the “Restated Plan”) to be submitted for approval of the shareholders of the Company at the annual meeting in 2021 (the “Plan”), the Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership of United Dominion Realty, L.P., as amended from time to time (the “Partnership Agreement”), and the Class 2 Performance LTIP Unit Agreement (Short-Term Incentive Program) (including Appendix A thereto) attached hereto (the “Agreement”). Unless otherwise provided herein, the capitalized terms in this Notice shall have the same meaning as those defined in the Plan, the Partnership Agreement and/or the Agreement, as applicable. Award Number Date of Award Total Number of Class 2 Performance LTIP Units Awarded (the “Class 2 Performance LTIP Units”) Vesting Schedule: [Date] Subject to the Grantee’s continuing employment, except as set forth below, and other limitations set forth in this Notice, the Agreement, the Partnership Agreement and the Plan, the Class 2 Performance LTIP Units will vest only to the extent set forth in the Agreement. If the Grantee would become vested in a fraction of a Class 2 Performance LTIP Unit, such Class 2 Performance LTIP Unit shall not vest until the Grantee becomes vested in the entire Class 2 Performance LTIP Unit. The 20__ Short-Term Incentive Program STI Awards will vest on the date the Committee determines performance, including with respect to the metrics set forth in the Agreement (the “Determination Date”), in January or February 20__. Employment through the vesting date is generally required except as otherwise provided in the Plan (except for Section 14.9 thereof), the applicable award agreement or as determined by the Committee, in its sole discretion. Except as otherwise determined by the Committee, in its sole discretion, vesting shall cease upon the date the Grantee’s employment is terminated for any reason other than a termination (i) due to the Grantee’s death or Disability or (ii) if the Restated Plan is approved by shareholders, (x) by the Company or any Parent or Subsidiary (or any successors thereof) without Cause (as defined in the Restated Plan) or 1 (y) by the Grantee for Good Reason (as defined in the Restated Plan) in either case, on or within 12 months following the date of a Change of Control (such termination described in (i) or (ii), a “Qualifying Termination”), and no Class 2 Performance LTIP Unit that has not vested (an “Unvested Unit”) shall thereafter become vested. If a Qualifying Termination occurs prior to the Determination Date all outstanding Unvested Units will vest at target levels on the date of the Qualifying Termination. In the event the Grantee’s employment is terminated for any reason other than a Qualifying Termination, and the Class 2 Performance LTIP Units do not otherwise vest, then all Unvested Units held by the Grantee immediately upon such termination of the Grantee’s employment shall automatically and without any further action thereupon be cancelled and forfeited without payment of any consideration therefor, and the Grantee shall have no further right, title or interest in or to the Unvested Units. Section 14.9 (Acceleration Upon Retirement) of the Plan shall not apply to the Units. If (and only if) the Restated Plan is not approved by shareholders, pursuant to Section 14.10 of the Existing Plan, upon the occurrence of a Change of Control all outstanding Unvested Units will vest at target levels. If the Restated Plan is approved by shareholders, the Unvested Units will not vest solely due to a Change of Control pursuant to Section 14.10 of the Existing Plan, but the Units will be eligible to vest pursuant to Section 14.10 of the Restated Plan due to a Qualifying Termination, as described in the preceding paragraph. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Company, the Partnership and the Grantee have executed this Notice and agree that the Award is to be governed by the terms and conditions of this Notice, the Plan, the Partnership Agreement and the Agreement. UDR, Inc., a Maryland corporation By: Title: Date: [Date] United Dominion Realty, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership By: UDR, Inc., a Maryland corporation By: Title: Date: [Date] 2 IF AT ALL, THE GRANTEE ACKNOWLEDGES AND AGREES THAT THE CLASS 2 PERFORMANCE LTIP UNITS SHALL VEST, ONLY DURING THE PERIOD OF THE GRANTEE’S EMPLOYMENT OR AS OTHERWISE SPECIFICALLY PROVIDED HEREIN (NOT THROUGH THE ACT OF BEING HIRED OR BEING GRANTED THIS AWARD). THE GRANTEE FURTHER ACKNOWLEDGES AND AGREES THAT NOTHING IN THIS NOTICE, THE AGREEMENT, THE PARTNERSHIP AGREEMENT NOR IN THE PLAN SHALL CONFER UPON THE GRANTEE ANY RIGHT WITH RESPECT TO CONTINUATION OF THE GRANTEE’S EMPLOYMENT, NOR SHALL IT INTERFERE IN ANY WAY WITH THE GRANTEE’S RIGHT OR THE COMPANY’S RIGHT TO TERMINATE THE GRANTEE’S EMPLOYMENT AT ANY TIME, WITH OR WITHOUT CAUSE, AND WITH OR WITHOUT NOTICE. THE GRANTEE ACKNOWLEDGES THAT UNLESS THE GRANTEE HAS A WRITTEN EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENT WITH THE COMPANY TO THE CONTRARY, THE GRANTEE’S STATUS IS AT WILL. Grantee: _________________________________ [Name] 3 Award Number: __________________ UDR, INC. 1999 LONG-TERM INCENTIVE PLAN CLASS 2 PERFORMANCE LTIP UNIT AGREEMENT (Short-Term Incentive Program) 1. Issuance of Class 2 LTIP Units. In consideration of the agreement by the Grantee to provide services to or for the benefit of the Partnership, the Partnership hereby (a) issues to the Grantee an award (the “Award”) of the Total Number of Class 2 Performance LTIP Units set forth in the Notice of Class 2 Performance LTIP Unit Award (the “Notice”) to which this Class 2 Performance LTIP Unit Agreement (Short-Term Incentive Program) (this “Agreement”) is attached (the “Class 2 Performance LTIP Units”), subject to the terms and provisions of the Notice, this Agreement, the Partnership Agreement and the Plan, and (b) if not already a Partner, admits the Grantee as a Partner of the Partnership on the terms and conditions set forth in the Notice, this Agreement, the Partnership Agreement and the Plan. The Partnership and the Grantee acknowledge and agree that the Class 2 LTIP Units are hereby issued to the Grantee for the performance of services to or for the benefit of the Partnership in his or her capacity as a Partner or in anticipation of the Grantee becoming a Partner. To the extent not an existing Partner, the Grantee shall be admitted to the Partnership as an additional Limited Partner with respect to the Class 2 Performance LTIP Units only upon the satisfactory completion of the applicable requirements set forth in the Partnership Agreement, including the requirements set forth in Section 4 of Exhibit H to the Partnership Agreement. At the request of the Partnership, the Grantee shall execute the Partnership Agreement or a joinder or counterpart signature page thereto. The Grantee acknowledges that the Partnership may from time to time issue or cancel (or otherwise modify) LTIP Units in accordance with the terms of the Partnership Agreement. The Class 2 Performance LTIP Units shall have the rights, voting powers, restrictions, limitations as to distributions, qualifications and terms and conditions of redemption and conversion set forth in the Notice, this Agreement, the Plan and the Partnership Agreement. 2. Units Earned. (a) ___percent (___%) of the Total Number of Class 2 Performance Units constituting the Award shall be earned based upon the Committee’s subjective determination, in their sole discretion, of the Grantee’s performance with respect to the Grantee’s individual performance objectives. (b) An aggregate of ___percent (___%), in the percentages set forth below, of the Total Number of Class 2 Performance LTIP Units constituting the Award shall be earned based upon the indicated metric. 1-Year FFO as Adjusted Transaction Volume Transaction FFOA Operating Platform Execution Same Stores Wins ESG/DEI Associate Engagement ___% ___% ___% ___% ___% ___% ___% 3. Definitions. For purposes of this Agreement, the following terms shall have the meanings set forth below. All capitalized terms used but not otherwise defined herein shall have the meanings 1 ascribed to such terms in the Notice, the Plan, the Partnership Agreement and/or Appendix A, as applicable. (a) Associate Engagement Metric: (i) “Associate Engagement” means the Company’s “Overall Health of UDR Workforce” score as calculated in the annual Human Capital Scorecard for 20__ provided by the Company’s human resources department, using the most recent available date prior to the end of calendar year 20__. (ii) “Associate Engagement Metric” means a percentage of ___% of the target award will be earned based on the Company’s Associate Engagement as follows: Associate Engagement Percentage of_ % Earned* ___ (“threshold”) ___ (“target”) ___ (“maximum”) 50% 100% 200% *If achievement is greater than the threshold and falls between any two points on the chart above, the percentage of 7% of the target award earned will be determined by linear interpolation. If achievement is less than the threshold no award will be earned and if achievement is greater than maximum the award will be made at maximum. (iii) “Associate Engagement Metric Base Units” means the number of Base Units designated as Associate Engagement Metric Base Units on Appendix A attached hereto. (iv) “Associate Engagement Metric Performance Vesting Percentage” means the percentage determined as set forth in the table in Section 3(a)(ii) above. (v) “Associate Engagement Metric Vested Base Units” means the product of (A) the total number of Associate Engagement Metric Base Units, and (B) the Associate Engagement Metric Performance Vesting Percentage. (b) “Base Units” means the number of Class 2 Performance LTIP Units designated as Base Units on Appendix A attached hereto. (c) ESG/DEI Metric: (i) “ESG/DEI” means the Company’s ESG/DEI score based on a three metric index consisting of absolute GRESB score, GRESB score relative to the GRESB average and the absolute GRESB Social score as weighted and described in Exhibit 1. (ii) “ESG/DEI Metric” means a percentage of ___% of the target award will be earned based on the Company’s 20__ ESG/DEI as follows: 2 ESG/DEI ___% (“threshold”) ___% (“target”) ___% (“maximum”) Percentage of % Earned* 50% 100% 200% *If achievement is greater than the threshold and falls between any two points on the chart above, the percentage of ___% of the target award earned will be determined by linear interpolation. If achievement is less than the threshold no award will be earned and if achievement is greater than maximum the award will be made at maximum. (iii) “ESG/DEI Base Units” means the number of Base Units designated as ESG/DEI Base Units on Appendix A attached hereto. (iv) “ESG/DEI Metric Performance Vesting Percentage” means the percentage determined as set forth in the table in Section 3(c)(ii) above. (v) “ESG/DEI Metric Vested Base Units” means the product of (A) the total number of ESG/DEI Metric Base Units, and (B) the ESG/DEI Metric Performance Vesting Percentage. (d) FFO as Adjusted Metric: (i) “FFO as Adjusted” means the Company’s 20__ Funds From Operations as reported in Attachment 2, Funds From Operations (unaudited) of the Earnings Press Release Supplement, excluding the impact of acquisition-related costs and adjusted for other non-recurring items, including, but not limited to, prepayment costs/benefits associated with early debt retirement, gains on sales of marketable securities and taxable REIT subsidiary property, severance costs, joint venture promotes, disposition fee income, NOI on the sale of non-depreciated real estate owned, casualty related recoveries/charges and legal costs. (ii) “FFO as Adjusted Metric” means a percentage of ___% of the target award will be earned based on the Company’s FFO as Adjusted as follows: 1-Year FFO as Adjusted Percentage of % Earned* $___ (“threshold”) $___ (“target”) $___ (“maximum”) 50% 100% 200% *If achievement is greater than the threshold and falls between any two points on the chart above, the percentage of ___% of the target award earned will be determined by linear interpolation. If achievement is less than the threshold no award will be earned and if achievement is greater than maximum the award will be made at maximum. 3 (iii) “FFO as Adjusted Metric Base Units” means the number of Base Units designated as FFO as Adjusted Metric Base Units on Appendix A attached hereto. (iv) “FFO as Adjusted Metric Performance Vesting Percentage” means the percentage determined using the calculation as set forth on Exhibit 1 attached hereto, which is a function of the Company FFO as Adjusted during the Performance Period. (v) “FFO as Adjusted Metric Vested Base Units” means the product of (A) the total number of FFO as Adjusted Metric Base Units, and (B) the applicable FFO as Adjusted Metric Performance Vesting Percentage. (e) Individual Performance Objective: (i) “Individual Performance Objective Base Units” means the number of Base Units designated as Individual Performance Objective Base Units on Appendix A attached hereto. (ii) “Individual Performance Objective Vesting Percentage” means the percentage determined by the Committee in their sole discretion. (iii) “Individual Performance Objective Vested Base Units” means the product of (A) the total number of Individual Performance Objective Base Units, and (B) the Individual Performance Objective Vesting Percentage. (f) Operating Platform Execution Metric: (i) “Operating Platform Execution Metric” means a percentage of ___% of the target award will be earned based on the Company’s performance with respect to its Operating Platform relative to the Platform Execution Scorecard described in Exhibit 1 attached hereto: Operating Platform Execution Percentage of___% Earned* ___% (“threshold”) ___% (“target”) ___%(“maximum”) 50% 100% 200% *If achievement is greater than the threshold and falls between any two points on the chart above, the percentage of ___% of the target award earned will be determined by linear interpolation. If achievement is less than the threshold no award will be earned and if achievement is greater than maximum the award will be made at maximum. (ii) “Operating Platform Execution Metric Base Units” means the number of Base Units designated as Operating Platform Execution Metric Base Units on Appendix A attached hereto. 4 (iii) “Operating Platform Execution Metric Performance Vesting Percentage” means the percentage determined as set forth in the table in Section 3(f)(ii) above. (iv) “Operating Platform Execution Metric Vested Base Units” means the product of (A) the total number of Operating Platform Execution Metric Base Units, and (B) the Operating Platform Execution Metric Performance Vesting Percentage. (g) “Performance Period” Means January 1, 20__ to December 31, 20__. (h) Same-Store Wins Metric: (i) “Same-Store Wins Metric” means a percentage of ___% of the target award will be earned based on the percentage of markets in which the Company’s same-store revenue is at or above the median in the market compared to peers as follows: Same-Store Win Percentage ___% (“threshold”) ___% (“target” ___% (“maximum”) Percentage of ___% Earned* 50% 100% 200% *If achievement is greater than the threshold and falls between any two points on the chart above, the percentage of ___% of the target award earned shall be based on linear interpolation. If achievement is less than the threshold no award will be earned and if achievement is greater than maximum the award will be made at maximum. (ii) “Same-Store Win Metric Base Units” means the number of Base Units designated as Acquisition NOI Metric Base Units on Appendix A attached hereto. (iii) “Same-Store Win Metric Performance Vesting Percentage” means the percentage determined as set forth in the table in Section 3(h)(i) above. (iv) “Same-Store Win Metric Vested Base Units” means the product of (A) the total number of Same-Store Win Metric Base Units, and (B) the applicable Same-Store Win Metric Performance Vesting Percentage. (i) Transaction FFOA Metric: (i) “Transaction FFOA” means the net 20__ FFO as Adjusted from transactional sources and uses, including acquisitions, developer capital program, and buybacks less dispositions, developer capital program maturities, and equity issuances. 5 (ii) “Transaction FFOA Metric” means a percentage of ___% of the target award will be earned based on the Company’s Transaction FFOA during the Performance Period as follows: Transaction Volume $___ Million (“threshold”) $___ Million (“target”) $___ Million (“maximum”) Percentage of __% Earned* 50% 100% 200% *If achievement is greater than the threshold and falls between any two points on the chart above, the percentage of ___% of the target award earned shall be based on linear interpolation. If achievement is less than the threshold no award will be earned and if achievement is greater than maximum the award will be made at maximum. (iii) “Transaction FFOA Metric Base Units” means the number of Base Units designated as Transaction Volume Metric Base Units on Appendix A attached hereto. (iv) “Transaction FFOA Metric Performance Vesting Percentage” means the percentage determined as set forth in the table in Section 3(i)(ii) above. (v) “Transaction FFOA Metric Vested Base Units” means the product of (i) the total number of Transaction FFOA Metric Base Units, and (ii) the Transaction FFOA Metric Performance Vesting Percentage. (j) Transaction Volume Metric: (i) “Transaction Volume” means the sum of total acquisitions, including land, development and redevelopment spend, new Developer Capital Program commitments, total dispositions and equity issuances, in each case at the Company’s ownership share, if applicable, and during the Performance Period. (ii) “Transaction Volume Metric” means a percentage of ___% of the target award will be earned based on the Company’s Transaction Volume during the Performance Period as follows: Transaction Volume $___ Million (“threshold”) $___ Million (“target”) $___ Million (“maximum”) * Percentage of __% Earned* 50% 100% 200% *If achievement is greater than the threshold and falls between any two points on the chart above, the percentage of ___% of the target award earned shall be based on linear interpolation. If 6 achievement is less than the threshold no award will be earned and if achievement is greater than maximum the award will be made at maximum. (iii) “Transaction Volume Metric Base Units” means the number of Base Units designated as Transaction Volume Metric Base Units on Appendix A attached hereto. (iv) “Transaction Volume Metric Performance Vesting Percentage” means the percentage determined as set forth in the table in Section 3(j)(ii) above. (v) “Transaction Volume Metric Vested Base Units” means the product of (i) the total number of Transaction Volume Metric Base Units, and (ii) the Transaction Volume Metric Performance Vesting Percentage. (k) “Restrictions” means the exposure to forfeiture set forth in the Notice and this Agreement, and the restrictions on sale or other transfer set forth in Section 4 hereof. (l) “Unvested Unit” means any Class 2 Performance LTIP Unit that has not become fully vested pursuant to Section 4 hereof and remains subject to the Restrictions. 4. Class 2 Performance LTIP Units Subject to Partnership Agreement; Transfer Restrictions. The Class 2 Performance LTIP Units are subject to the terms of the Plan and the terms of the Partnership Agreement, including, without limitation, the restrictions on transfer of Units (including, without limitation, Class 2 Performance LTIP Units) set forth in Article 9 of the Partnership Agreement. Any permitted transferee of the Class 2 Performance LTIP Units shall take such Class 2 Performance LTIP Units subject to the terms of the Plan, this Agreement, the Notice and the Partnership Agreement. Any such permitted transferee must, upon the request of the Partnership, agree to be bound by the Plan, the Partnership Agreement, the Notice and this Agreement, and shall execute the same on request, and must agree to such other waivers, limitations, and restrictions as the Partnership or the Company may reasonably require. Any sale, transfer, exchange, redemption, assignment, pledge, hypothecation or other encumbrance (each, a “Transfer”) of the Class 2 Performance LTIP Units which is not made in compliance with the Plan, the Partnership Agreement, the Notice and this Agreement shall be null and void and of no effect. Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement, without the consent of the Committee (which it may give or withhold in its sole discretion), the Grantee shall not convert the Class 2 Performance LTIP Units (or any Class 2 LTIP Units into which the Class 2 Performance LTIP Units convert) into Partnership Common Units, or Transfer (including by means of a redemption but excluding any conversion of Class 2 Performance LTIP Units to Class 2 LTIP Units) the Class 2 Performance LTIP Units or any corresponding Class 2 LTIP Units into which the Class 2 Performance LTIP Units convert, in each case whether vested or unvested, until the earlier of (i) the occurrence of, and in connection with, a Change of Control (or such earlier time as is necessary in order for the Grantee to participate in such Change of Control transaction with respect to the Class 2 Performance LTIP Units and receive the consideration payable with respect thereto in connection with such Change of Control) and (ii) the expiration of the two (2) year period following the Date of Award set forth in the Notice, other than by will or the laws of descent and distribution. 5. Vesting. As soon as reasonably practicable (but in no event more than 60 days) following the completion of the Performance Period, the Committee shall determine the Company’s performance with respect to Associate Engagement, the ESG/DEI Metric, FFO as Adjusted, the Operating Platform 7 Execution Metric, the Same-Store Wins Metric, Transaction FFOA and Transaction Volume and determine Grantee’s Individual Performance Objective Vesting Percentage, and the number of Class 2 LTIP Units granted hereby that have become Associate Engagement Metric Vested Base Units, ESG/DEI Metric Vested Base Units, FFO as Adjusted Metric Vested Base Units, Individual Performance Objective Vested Base Units, Operating Platform Execution Metric Vested Base Units, Same-Store Wins Metric Vested Base Units, Transaction FFOA Metric Vested Base Units and Transaction Volume Metric Vested Base Units, in each case as of the completion of the Performance Period. Upon such determination by the Committee (the “Determination Date”), the Restrictions shall lapse with respect to the Associate Engagement Metric Vested Base Units, ESG/DEI Metric Vested Base Units, FFO as Adjusted Metric Vested Base Units, Individual Performance Objective Vested Base Units, Operating Platform Execution Metric Vested Base Units, Same-Store Wins Metric Vested Base Units, Transaction FFOA Metric Vested Base Units and Transaction Volume Metric Vested Base Units, except as provided in the Plan, except Section 14.9 thereof, this Agreement or as otherwise determined by the Committee, in its sole discretion. Any Base Units granted hereby which have not become Associate Engagement Metric Vested Base Units, ESG/DEI Metric Vested Base Units, FFO as Adjusted Metric Vested Base Units, Individual Performance Objective Vested Base Units, Operating Platform Execution Metric Vested Base Units, Same-Store Wins Metric Vested Base Units, Transaction FFOA Metric Vested Base Units and Transaction Volume Metric Vested Base Units as of the Determination Date will automatically be cancelled and forfeited without payment of any consideration therefor, and the Grantee shall have no further right to or interest in such Base Units. 6. Partnership Call Right. Any Class 2 Performance LTIP Unit granted hereunder, upon becoming an Expired Performance LTIP Unit under the Partnership Agreement, shall be subject to purchase by the Partnership or its designee under this Section 6 (such repurchase right, the “Partnership Call Right”). A Partnership Call Right may be exercised with respect to any Expired Performance LTIP Unit by (a) the delivery of a notice (a “Partnership Call Right Notice”) in the form attached hereto as Appendix C to the holder of the applicable Class 2 Performance LTIP Units no more than thirty (30) days prior to the Call Date specified in such Partnership Call Right Notice, and (b) the payment of the applicable purchase price no later than the applicable Call Date. The purchase price for any Expired Performance LTIP Unit being purchased under the Partnership Call Right will be the fair market value of such Units as of the applicable Call Date, as determined by the General Partner in its sole discretion. The General Partner may, in its sole discretion, permit any Partnership Call Right to be exercised by the Partnership or its designee, and the purchase price payable in respect of any Partnership Call Right may be paid in any combination of immediately available funds and REIT Shares (valued using the REIT Share Value as of the applicable Call Date), as determined by the General Partner in its sole discretion. Each Partnership Call Right Notice shall be provided in the manner provided in Section 12.01 of the Partnership Agreement. Section 5(b) of Exhibit H of the Partnership Agreement shall not apply to any LTIP Unit purchased pursuant to a Partnership Call Right unless the purchasing party is the Partnership. 7. Delivery of Units. The Class 2 Performance LTIP Units will be registered in the name of the Grantee and may be held by the Company or the Partnership prior to the vesting of such Class 2 Performance LTIP Units as provided in the Notice and this Agreement (the “Restricted Period”). Any certificate for Class 2 Performance LTIP Units issued during the Restricted Period shall be registered in the name of the Grantee and shall bear a legend in substantially the following form: 8 THIS CERTIFICATE AND THE CLASS 2 PERFORMANCE LTIP UNITS REPRESENTED HEREBY ARE SUBJECT TO THE TERMS AND CONDITIONS (INCLUDING FORFEITURE AND RESTRICTIONS AGAINST TRANSFER) CONTAINED IN A NOTICE OF CLASS 2 PERFORMANCE LTIP UNIT AWARD AND CLASS 2 LTIP UNIT AGREEMENT DATED [DATE] BETWEEN THE REGISTERED OWNER OF THE CLASS 2 PERFORMANCE LTIP UNITS REPRESENTED HEREBY, UDR, INC. AND UNITED DOMINION REALTY, L.P. RELEASE FROM SUCH TERMS AND CONDITIONS SHALL BE MADE ONLY IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE PROVISIONS OF SUCH AGREEMENTS, COPIES OF WHICH ARE ON FILE IN THE OFFICE OF UDR, INC. At the Company’s or the Partnership’s request, the Grantee hereby agrees to promptly execute, deliver and return to the Partnership any and all documents or certificates that the Company or the Partnership deems necessary or desirable to effectuate the cancellation and forfeiture of the Unvested Units, or to effectuate the transfer or surrender of such Unvested Units to the Partnership. In addition, if requested, the Grantee shall deposit with the Company or the Partnership, a stock/unit power, or powers, executed in blank and sufficient to re-convey the Unvested Units to the Company or the Partnership upon termination of the Grantee’s service during the Restricted Period, in accordance with the provisions of the Notice and this Agreement. 8. Determinations by Committee. Notwithstanding anything contained herein, all determinations, interpretations and assumptions relating to the vesting of the Award shall be made by the Committee and shall be applied consistently and uniformly to all similar Awards granted under the Plan (including, without limitation, similar awards which provide for payment in the form of cash or shares of Stock). In making such determinations, the Committee may employ attorneys, consultants, accountants, appraisers, brokers, or other persons, and the Committee, the Board, the Company, the Partnership and their officers and directors shall be entitled to rely upon the advice, opinions or the valuations of any such persons. All actions taken, and all interpretations and determinations made by the Committee in good faith and absent manifest error shall be final and binding upon the Grantee, the Company and all other interested persons. In addition, the Committee, in its discretion, may adjust or modify the methodology for calculations relating to the vesting of the Award, as necessary or desirable to account for events affecting the value of the Stock or Company FFO as Adjusted which, in the discretion of the Committee, are not considered indicative of Company performance, which may include events such as the issuance of new stock, stock repurchases, stock splits, issuances and/or exercises of stock grants or stock options, and similar events, all in order to properly reflect the Company’s intent with respect to the performance objectives underlying the Award or to prevent dilution or enlargement of the benefits or potential benefits intended to be made available with respect to the Award. 9. Covenants, Representations and Warranties. The Grantee hereby represents, warrants, covenants, acknowledges and agrees on behalf of the Grantee and his or her spouse, if applicable, that: (a) Investment. The Grantee is holding the Class 2 Performance LTIP Units for the Grantee’s own account, and not for the account of any other person or entity. The Grantee is holding the Class 2 Performance LTIP Units for investment and not with a view to distribution or resale thereof except in compliance with applicable laws regulating securities. (b) Relation to the Partnership. The Grantee is presently an executive officer of the Company, which is the sole general partner of the Partnership, or is otherwise providing services to or 9 for the benefit of the Partnership, and in such capacity has become personally familiar with the business of the Partnership. (c) Access to Information. The Grantee has had the opportunity to ask questions of, and to receive answers from, the Partnership with respect to the terms and conditions of the transactions contemplated hereby and with respect to the business, affairs, financial conditions, and results of operations of the Partnership. (d) Registration. The Grantee understands that the Class 2 Performance LTIP Units have not been registered under the 1933 Act, and the Class 2 Performance LTIP Units cannot be transferred by the Grantee unless such transfer is registered under the 1933 Act or an exemption from such registration is available. The Partnership has made no agreements, covenants or undertakings whatsoever to register the transfer of the Class 2 Performance LTIP Units under the 1933 Act. The Partnership has made no representations, warranties, or covenants whatsoever as to whether any exemption from the 1933 Act, including, without limitation, any exemption for limited sales in routine brokers’ transactions pursuant to Rule 144 of the 1933 Act, will be available. If an exemption under Rule 144 is available at all, it will not be available until at least six (6) months after the grant of the Class 2 Performance LTIP Units and then not unless the terms and conditions of Rule 144 have been satisfied. (e) Public Trading. None of the Partnership’s securities are presently publicly traded, and the Partnership has made no representations, covenants or agreements as to whether there will be a public market for any of its securities. (f) Tax Advice. The Partnership has made no warranties or representations to the Grantee with respect to the income tax consequences of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement (including, without limitation, with respect to the decision of whether to make an election under Section 83(b) of the Code), and the Grantee is in no manner relying on the Partnership or its representatives for an assessment of such tax consequences. Grantee hereby recognizes that the Internal Revenue Service has proposed regulations under Sections 83, 704 and 704 of the Code that may affect the proper treatment of the Class 2 Performance LTIP Units for federal income tax purposes. If those proposed regulations or similar regulations become final or temporary regulations, the Grantee hereby agrees to cooperate with the Partnership in amending this Agreement and the Partnership Agreement, and to take such other action as may be required, to conform to such regulations. Further, Congress recently enacted, and proposed Treasury Regulations were recently issued under, Section 1061 of the Code, which materially alters the taxation of “profits interests” issued in connection with the provision of services. The Grantee is advised to consult with his or her own tax advisor with respect to such tax consequences and his or her ownership of the Class 2 Performance LTIP Units. 10. Capital Account. The Grantee shall make no contribution of capital to the Partnership in connection with the issuance of the Class 2 Performance LTIP Units and, as a result, the Grantee’s Capital Account balance in the Partnership immediately after his or her receipt of the Class 2 Performance LTIP Units shall be equal to zero, unless the Grantee was a Partner in the Partnership prior to such issuance, in which case the Grantee’s Capital Account balance shall not be increased as a result of his or her receipt of the Class 2 Performance LTIP Units. 10 11. Restrictions on Public Sale by the Grantee. To the extent not inconsistent with applicable law, the Grantee agrees not to effect any sale or distribution of the Class 2 Performance LTIP Units or any similar security of the Company or the Partnership, or any securities convertible into or exchangeable or exercisable for such securities, including a sale pursuant to Rule 144 under the 1933 Act, during the fourteen (14) days prior to, and for a period of up to 180-days beginning on, the date of the pricing of any public or private debt or equity securities offering by the Company or the Partnership (except as part of such offering), if and to the extent requested in writing by the Partnership or the Company in the case of a non-underwritten public or private offering or if and to the extent requested in writing by the managing underwriter or underwriters (or initial purchaser or initial purchasers, as the case may be) and consented to by the Partnership or the Company, which consent may be given or withheld in the Partnership’s or the Company’s sole and absolute discretion, in the case of an underwritten public or private offering (such agreement to be in the form of a lock-up agreement provided by the Company, the Partnership, managing underwriter or underwriters, or initial purchaser or purchasers as the case may be). 12. Conformity to Securities Laws. The Grantee acknowledges that the Plan, the Notice and this Agreement are intended to conform to the extent necessary with all provisions of all applicable federal and state laws, rules and regulations (including, but not limited to, the 1933 Act and the 1934 Act and any and all regulations and rules promulgated by the Securities and Exchange Commission thereunder, including without limitation the applicable exemptive conditions of Rule 16b-3 of the 1934 Act) and to such approvals by any listing, regulatory or other governmental authority as may, in the opinion of counsel for the Partnership or the Company, be necessary or advisable in connection therewith. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, the Plan shall be administered, and the award of Class 2 Performance LTIP Units is made, only in such a manner as to conform to such laws, rules and regulations. To the extent permitted by applicable law, the Plan, this Agreement and this award of Class 2 Performance LTIP Units shall be deemed amended to the extent necessary to conform to such laws, rules and regulations. 13. Taxes. (a) Tax Liability. The Grantee is ultimately liable and responsible for all taxes owed by the Grantee in connection with the Award, regardless of any action the Company or any Related Entity takes with respect to any tax withholding obligations that arise in connection with the Award. Neither the Company nor any Related Entity makes any representation or undertaking regarding the treatment of any tax withholding in connection with any aspect of the Award, including the grant, vesting, assignment, release or cancellation of the Class 2 Performance LTIP Units, the subsequent sale of any Class 2 Performance LTIP Units and the receipt of any Partnership distributions. The Company does not commit and is under no obligation to structure the Award to reduce or eliminate the Grantee’s tax liability. For purposes of this Award, “Related Entity” shall mean a Parent or Subsidiary. (b) Payment of Withholding Taxes. Prior to any event in connection with the Award that the Company determines may result in any tax withholding obligation, whether United States federal, state, local or non-U.S., including any social insurance, employment tax, payment on account or other tax-related obligation (the “Tax Withholding Obligation”), the Grantee must arrange for the satisfaction of the minimum amount of such Tax Withholding Obligation in a manner acceptable to the Company. 11 (c) Section 83(b) Election. The Grantee covenants that the Grantee shall make a timely election under Section 83(b) of the Code (and any comparable election in the state of the Grantee’s residence) with respect to the Class 2 Performance LTIP Units, and the Partnership hereby consents to the making of such election(s). In connection with such election, the Grantee and the Grantee’s spouse, if applicable, shall promptly provide a copy of such election to the Partnership. A form of election under Section 83(b) of the Code is attached hereto as Appendix B. The Grantee represents that the Grantee has consulted any tax advisor(s) that the Grantee deems advisable in connection with the filing of an election under Section 83(b) of the Code and similar state tax provisions. The Grantee acknowledges that it is the Grantee’s sole responsibility and not the Company’s or the Partnership’s to timely file an election under Section 83(b) of the Code (and any comparable state election), even if the Grantee requests that the Company, the Partnership or any representative thereof make such filing on the Grantee’s behalf. The Grantee should consult his or her tax advisor to determine if there is a comparable election to file in the state of his or her residence. 14. Profits Interests. The Partnership and the Grantee intend that (i) the Class 2 Performance LTIP Units be treated as “profits interests” as defined in Internal Revenue Service Revenue Procedure 93-27, as clarified by Revenue Procedure 2001-43, (ii) the issuance of such units not be a taxable event to the Partnership or the Grantee as provided in such revenue procedures, and (iii) the Partnership Agreement, the Plan, the Notice and this Agreement be interpreted consistently with such intent. In furtherance of such intent, effective immediately prior to the issuance of the Class 2 Performance LTIP Units, the Partnership may revalue all Partnership assets to their respective gross fair market values (as determined for purposes of Treasury Regulations Section 1.704.1), and make the resulting adjustments to the Capital Accounts of the Partners, in each case, as set forth in the Partnership Agreement. 15. Ownership Information. The Grantee hereby covenants that so long as the Grantee holds any Class 2 Performance LTIP Units, at the request of the Partnership, the Grantee shall disclose to the Partnership in writing such information relating to the Grantee’s ownership of the Class 2 Performance LTIP Units as the Partnership reasonably believes to be necessary or desirable to ascertain in order to comply with the Code or the requirements of any other appropriate taxing authority. 16. Entire Agreement; Governing Law. The Notice, the Plan, the Partnership Agreement and this Agreement constitute the entire agreement of the parties with respect to the subject matter hereof and supersede in their entirety all prior undertakings and agreements of the Company, the Partnership and the Grantee with respect to the subject matter hereof, and may not be modified adversely to the Grantee’s interest except by means of a writing signed by the Company, the Partnership and the Grantee. These agreements are to be construed in accordance with and governed by the internal laws of the State of Maryland without giving effect to any choice of law rule that would cause the application of the laws of any jurisdiction other than the internal laws of the State of Maryland to the rights and duties of the parties. Should any provision of the Notice or this Agreement be determined to be illegal or unenforceable, the other provisions shall nevertheless remain effective and shall remain enforceable. 17. Construction. The captions used in the Notice and this Agreement are inserted for convenience and shall not be deemed a part of the Award for construction or interpretation. Except when otherwise indicated by the context, the singular shall include the plural and the plural shall 12 include the singular. Use of the term “or” is not intended to be exclusive, unless the context clearly requires otherwise. 18. Administration and Interpretation. Any question or dispute regarding the administration or interpretation of the Notice, the Plan, the Partnership Agreement or this Agreement shall be submitted by the Grantee, the Partnership or the Company to the Committee. The resolution of such question or dispute by the Committee shall be final and binding on all persons. 19. Venue and Jurisdiction. The parties agree that any suit, action, or proceeding arising out of or relating to the Notice, the Plan, the Partnership Agreement or this Agreement shall be brought exclusively in the United States District Court for Colorado (or should such court lack jurisdiction to hear such action, suit or proceeding, in a Colorado state court) and that the parties shall submit to the jurisdiction of such court. The parties irrevocably waive, to the fullest extent permitted by law, any objection the party may have to the laying of venue for any such suit, action or proceeding brought in such court. If any one or more provisions of this Section 19 shall for any reason be held invalid or unenforceable, it is the specific intent of the parties that such provisions shall be modified to the minimum extent necessary to make it or its application valid and enforceable. 20. Plan Controls. The terms contained in the Plan are incorporated into and made a part of the Notice and this Agreement, and the Notice and this Agreement shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the Plan. In the event of any actual or alleged conflict between the provisions of the Plan and the provisions of the Notice and this Agreement, the provisions of the Plan shall be controlling and determinative. 21. Successors. The Notice and this Agreement shall be binding upon any successor of the Company or the Partnership, in accordance with the terms of the Notice, this Agreement and the Plan. 22. Severability. If any one or more of the provisions contained in the Notice or this Agreement is invalid, illegal or unenforceable, the other provisions of the Notice and this Agreement will be construed and enforced as if the invalid, illegal or unenforceable provision had never been included. 23. Notices. Any notice required or permitted hereunder shall be given in writing and shall be deemed effectively given upon personal delivery, upon deposit for delivery by an internationally recognized express mail courier service or upon deposit in the United States mail by certified mail (if the parties are within the United States), with postage and fees prepaid, addressed to the other party at its address as shown in these instruments, or to such other address as such party may designate in writing from time to time to the other party. 24. Amendment. The Committee may amend, modify or terminate this Agreement without approval of the Grantee; provided, however, that such amendment, modification or termination shall not, without the Grantee’s consent, reduce or diminish the value of this award determined as if it had been fully vested on the date of such amendment or termination. 25. Amendment and Delay to Meet the Requirements of Section 409A. The Grantee acknowledges that the Company, in the exercise of its sole discretion and without the consent of the Grantee, may amend or modify this Agreement in any manner to the minimum extent necessary to meet the requirements of Section 409A of the Code as amplified by any Treasury regulations or 13 guidance from the Internal Revenue Service as the Company deems appropriate or advisable. In addition, the Company makes no representation that the Award will comply with Section 409A of the Code and makes no undertaking to prevent Section 409A of the Code from applying to the Award or to mitigate its effects on any deferrals or payments made in respect of the Units. The Grantee is encouraged to consult a tax adviser regarding the potential impact of Section 409A of the Code. END OF AGREEMENT 14 Definitions APPENDIX A Capitalized terms not defined herein shall have the meanings set forth in the Class 2 Performance LTIP Unit Agreement to which this Appendix is attached. “Associate Engagement Metric Base Units” means ________ Base Units. “Base Units” means _______ Class 2 LTIP Units. “ESG/DEI Base Units” means ___________ Base Units. “FFO as Adjusted Metric Base Units” means _______ Base Units. “Individual Performance Objective Base Units” means _______ Base Units. “Operating Platform Execution Metric Base Units” means ____________ Base Units. “Same-Store Win Metric Base Units” means ________ Base Units. “Transaction FFOA Metric Base Units” means __________ Base Units. “Transaction Volume Metric Base Units” means _____ Base Units. A-1 APPENDIX B FORM OF SECTION 83(b) ELECTION [Attached] B-1 ELECTION PURSUANT TO SECTION 83(b) OF THE INTERNAL REVENUE CODE The undersigned hereby elects, pursuant to Section 83(b) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, to include in the undersigned’s gross income for the taxable year in which the property was transferred the excess (if any) of the fair market value of the property described below, over the amount the undersigned paid for such property, if any, and supplies herewith the following information in accordance with the Treasury regulations promulgated under Section 83(b): 1. The name, taxpayer identification number and address of the undersigned, and the taxable year for which this election is being made, are: TAXPAYER’S NAME: TAXPAYER’S SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBER: ADDRESS: TAXABLE YEAR: The name, taxpayer identification number and address of the undersigned’s spouse are (complete if applicable): SPOUSE’S NAME: SPOUSE’S SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBER: ADDRESS: 2. The property which is the subject of this election is Class 2 Performance LTIP Units (the “ Units”) of United Dominion Realty, L.P. (the “Company”), representing an interest in the future profits, losses and distributions of the Company. 3. . The date on which the above property was transferred to the undersigned was 4. The above property is subject to the following restrictions: The Units are subject to forfeiture to the extent unvested upon a termination of service with the Company under certain circumstances and/or to the extent that certain performance conditions are not satisfied. These restrictions lapse upon the satisfaction of certain conditions as set forth in an agreement between the taxpayer and the Company. In addition, the Units are subject to certain transfer restrictions pursuant to such agreement and the Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership of United Dominion Realty, L.P., as amended (or amended and restated) from time to time, should the taxpayer wish to transfer the Units. 5. The fair market value of the above property at the time of transfer (determined without regard to any restriction other than a nonlapse restriction as defined in § 1.83-3(h) of the Income Tax Regulations) was $0. 6. The amount paid for the above property by the undersigned was $0. 1 7. The amount to include in gross income is $0. The undersigned taxpayer will file this election with the Internal Revenue Service office with which taxpayer files his or her annual income tax return not later than 30 days after the date of transfer of the property. A copy of this election will be furnished to the person for whom the services were performed. Additionally, the undersigned will include a copy of the election with his or her income tax return for the taxable year in which the property is transferred. The undersigned is the person performing the services in connection with which the property was transferred. Dated: _________________ Dated: _________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ 2 Appendix C PARTNERSHIP CALL RIGHT NOTICE United Dominion Realty, L.P. (the “Partnership”) hereby irrevocably elects, in accordance with the terms of Section 66 of that certain Class 2 Performance LTIP Unit Award Agreement dated as of [Date] by and between the Partnership and [Grantee] (the “Award Agreement”), to exercise the Partnership Call Right with respect to certain Expired Performance LTIP Units that were issued under such agreement (the “Expired Class 2 Performance LTIP Units”). The Call Date applicable to such exercise and the subject Expired Class 2 Performance LTIP Units are set forth below. In accordance with the terms of the Award Agreement, you will be paid the fair market value of such Class 2 Performance LTIP Units as of the Call Date, as determined in the sole discretion of the General Partner of the Partnership, which price the General Partner subsequently will provide on the Call Date if not stated below. Such amount may be paid in cash or in stock of UDR, Inc., a Maryland corporation, or in any combination thereof, as determined by the General Partner in its sole discretion. Name of Expired Class 2 Performance LTIP Unit Holder: Name as Registered with Partnership Number of Expired Class 2 Performance LTIP Units to be Purchased: Date of Award of Expired Class 2 Performance LTIP Units to be Purchased: Call Date: Aggregate Purchase Price: C-1 The Company has the following subsidiaries. Joint Venture entities are shown in italics. United Dominion Realty, L.P. is a limited partnership with outside limited partners holding minimal percentage interests. The Company owns general and limited partnership interests in United Dominion Realty, L.P. constituting 95.3% of the aggregate partnership interest. Entities marked with an asterisk are those entities in which United Dominion Realty, L.P. is either a member or a partner. UDR Lighthouse DownREIT L.P. is also a limited partnership with outside limited partners. The Company owns general and limited partnership interests in UDR Lighthouse DownREIT L.P. constituting 57.8% of the aggregate partnership interest. Entities marked with a double asterisk are those entities in which UDR Lighthouse DownREIT L.P. owns an interest. All other entities are wholly owned. EXHIBIT 21 Subsidiary 1020 Tower GP LLC 1020 Tower, LP 1211 &. Olive REIT GP LLC 1211 & Olive REIT LP 1211 S. Olive Street Development, L.P. 1211 &. Olive GP LLC 13th And Market Properties LLC 1745 LLC 2000 Post Owners Association 345 Harrison LLC 399 Fremont LLC AAC Funding II, Inc. AAC Funding III LLC** AAC Funding IV LLC* AAC Funding Partnership II* AAC/FSC Crown Pointe Investors, LLC AAC/FSC Hilltop Investors, LLC AAC/FSC Seattle Properties, LLC* AmberGlen Development LLC Andover House LLC Andover Member 1 LLC Andover Member 2 LLC Apartments on Chestnut Limited Partnership Ashton at Dublin Station, LLC Ashwood Commons North LLC Bella Terra Villas LLC CMP-1, LLC Cambridge Woods LLC Cedar Street High-Rise, L.P. Circle Towers LLC** CityLine Development Phase I LLC CityLine Development Phase II, LLC Coastal Monterey Properties, LLC* Columbia City Apartments REIT LP Columbia City Apartments REIT GP LLC Columbus Square 775 LLC Columbus Square 795 LLC Columbus Square 801 LLC Columbus Square 805 LLC Columbus Square 808 LLC Consolidated-Hampton, LLC Cross Creek LLC DCO 2400 14th Street LLC DCO 3033 Wilshire LLC State of Incorporation or Organization Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware California Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware California Delaware Washington Washington Delaware Oregon Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Washington Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Washington Washington Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Maryland Delaware Delaware Delaware Subsidiary DCO Addison at Brookhaven LP DCO Arbors at Lee Vista LLC DCO Beach Walk LLC DCO Borgata LLC DCO Caroline Development LLC DCO Market LLC DCO Mission Bay LP DCO Pacific City LLC DCO Realty, Inc. DCO Realty LP LLC DCO Talisker LP Domain Mountain View LLC Domus SPE General Partner, LLC Eastern Residential, Inc. Easton Partners I, LP Fiori LLC Foxborough Lodge Limited Partnership Garrison Harcourt Square LLC Governour’s Square of Columbus Co. L.P.* HPI 2161 Sutter LP Hawthorne Apartments LLC Heritage Communities LLC** Inlet Bay at Gateway, LLC Jamestown of St. Matthews Limited Partnership* Jefferson at Marina del Rey, L.P. K/UDR Venture LLC Katella Grand II GP LLC Katella Grand II REIT LP Kelvin and Jamboree Properties, LLC Kelvin Jamboree LLC L.A. Southpark High Rise, LP Lenox Farms Limited Partnership Lightbox LLC Lodge at Ames Pond Limited Partnership Lofts at Charles River Landing, LLC MacAlpine Place Apartment Partners, Ltd.* Management Company Services, Inc. MCS Insurance Sub Producer Services LLC Ninety Five Wall Street LLC* Northbay Properties II, L.P.* Olive Way High-Rise LP One William Urban Renewal LLC Pacific Los Alisos LLC Park Square KOP Owner LLC Park Square Mezzanine LLC Park Square Mezzanine Owner LLC Park Square Philly Owner LLC Park Square Subsidiary 1 LLC Park Square Subsidiary 2 LLC Pier 4 LLC Platinum Vista Apartments, LP Polo Park Apartments LLC* Rancho Cucamonga Town Square Owners Association Rodgers Forge Condominiums, Inc. Savoye LLC State of Incorporation or Organization Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Ohio Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Ohio Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Florida Delaware Delaware Delaware California Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware California Delaware California Maryland Delaware Subsidiary Savoye 2 LLC Station on Silver LLC Strata Properties, LLC Tennessee Colonnade LLC* THC/UDR Domain College Park LLC The Domain Condominium Association, Inc. Thomas Circle Properties LLC Town Square Commons, LLC Towson Promenade, LLC Trilon Townhouses, LLC TSTW LLC UDR 10 Hanover LLC* UDR 345 Harrison LLC UDR 500 Penn LLC UDR 1590 Grove LLC UDR 1818 Platinum LLC UDR 1200 East West LLC UDR Altamira Place LLC UDR AP Block 11 Investor LLC UDR AP Block 11 Owner LLC UDR Arbor Park LLC** UDR Barton Creek LLC** UDR Blake LLC UDR California GP, LLC* UDR California GP II, LLC UDR California Properties, LLC UDR Calvert, LLC* UDR Calvert’s Walk Associates Limited Partnership UDR Calverts Walk GP, LLC UDR Carriage Homes, LLC UDR Chelsea LLC UDR Courts at Dulles LLC** UDR Courts at Huntington LLC* UDR Crane Brook LLC* UDR Currents on the Charles LLC UDR Delancey at Shirlington LLC** UDR Developers, Inc. UDR Domain Brewers Hill LLC UDR EAS LLC UDR Eight80 I LP* UDR Eight80 II LP* UDR Eleven55 Ripley LLC** UDR Garrison Square LLC UDR Harbor Greens, L.P.* UDR Huntington Vista, L.P.* UDR Inwood LLC** UDR/K Venture Member LLC UDR Lakeline Villas LLC UDR Legacy at Mayland LLC UDR Legacy Village LLC** UDR Leonard Pointe LLC UDR Lighthouse DownREIT L.P.* UDR Lighthouse EAS LLC** UDR Marina Pointe LLC UDR/MetLife GP II LLC State of Incorporation or Organization Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Texas Delaware District of Columbia Delaware District of Columbia Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Virginia Delaware Maryland Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Virginia Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Subsidiary UDR/MetLife Master Limited Partnership UDR/MetLife Master Limited Partnership II UDR Milehouse LLC UDR/ML Venture LLC UDR/ML Venture 2 LLC UDR Midlands Acquisition, LLC* UDR Newport Village LLC** UDR NYL Deals GP LLC UDR of Tennessee, L.P.* UDR Okeeheelee LLC* UDR Peridot Palms LLC UDR Pinebrook, L.P.* UDR Preserve at Gateway LLC UDR Presidential Greens, L.L.C. UDR Rancho Cucamonga, L.P. UDR Red Stone Ranch LLC UDR Ridgewood (II) Garden, LLC* UDR Ridge at Blue Hills LLC** UDR River Terrace LLC UDR Rivergate LLC UDR Rodgers Forge LLC UDR Slade LLC UDR Steele Creek LLC* UDR Texas Properties LLC UDR Towers By The Bay LLC UDR Valley Forge LLC UDR Virginia Properties, LLC UDR Wellington Place LLC UDR Whitmore LLC** UDR Windsor Gardens LLC UDR WJV Member LLC UDR Woodland Apartments II, L.P. UDR Woodland GP, LLC UDRLP EAS LLC* UDRT of Delaware 4 LLC* United Dominion Realty, L.P. View 14 Investments LLC VP West 1 LLC VP West 2 LLC VPDEV 1 LLC VPDEV 2 LLC Washington Vue LLC Waterscape Village LLC Waterside Towers, L.L.C. West El Camino Real, LLC Western Residential, Inc. Wilshire Crescent Heights, LLC Windemere at Sycamore Highlands, LLC Winterland San Francisco Partners* WREP II Non-REIT Investments, L.P. WREP II/UDR AmberGlen, L.P. WREP II/UDR AmberGlen General Partner LLC State of Incorporation or Organization Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Virginia Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Virginia Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Virginia Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware California Delaware Delaware Delaware EXHIBIT 23.1 Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm We consent to the incorporation by reference in the following Registration Statements: (1) Registration Statement (Form S-8 No 333-75897) pertaining to the Company’s 1999 Long-Term Incentive Plan (2) Registration Statement (Form S-3 No 333-129743) pertaining to the registration of 11,000,000 shares of Common Stock, including rights to purchase Series C Junior Participating Redeemable Preferred Stock, issuable under the Company’s Dividend Reinvestment and Stock Purchase Plan Registration Statement (3) Registration Statement (Form S-8 No 333-160180) pertaining to the Company’s 1999 Long-Term Incentive Plan (4) Registration Statement (Form S-3 No 333-167270) pertaining to the registration of 3,882,187 shares of Common Stock (5) Registration Statement (Form S-3 No 333-180553) pertaining to the registration of 2,569,606 shares of Common Stock (6) Registration Statement (Form S-3 No 333-183510) pertaining to the registration of 1,802,239 shares of Common Stock (7) Registration Statement (Form S-8 No 333-201192) pertaining to the Company’s 1999 Long-Term Incentive Plan (8) Registration Statement (Form S-3 No 333-212727) pertaining to the registration of 16,137,973 shares of Common Stock (9) Shelf Registration Statement (Form S-3 ASR No 333-217491), pertaining to the registration of an indeterminate amount of Common Stock, Preferred Stock, Depositary Shares, Debt Securities, Guarantees of Debt Securities, Warrants, Subscription Rights, Purchase Contracts and Purchase Units (10) Shelf Registration Statement (Form S-3 ASR No 333-236846) pertaining to the registration of an indeterminate amount of Common Stock, Preferred Stock, Depositary Shares, Debt Securities, Guarantees of Debt Securities, Warrants, Subscription Rights, Purchase Contracts and Purchase Units of our reports dated February 18, 2021, with respect to the consolidated financial statements and schedule of UDR, Inc. and the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting of UDR, Inc. included in this Annual Report (Form 10-K) of UDR, Inc. for the year ended December 31, 2020. /s/Ernst & Young LLP Denver, Colorado February 18, 2021 Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm Exhibit 23.2 We consent to the incorporation by reference in the following Registration Statements: (1) Registration Statement (Form S-8 No 333-75897) pertaining to the Company’s 1999 Long-Term Incentive Plan (2) Registration Statement (Form S-3 No 333-129743) pertaining to the registration of 11,000,000 shares of Common Stock, including rights to purchase Series C Junior Participating Redeemable Preferred Stock, issuable under the Company’s Dividend Reinvestment and Stock Purchase Plan Registration Statement (3) Registration Statement (Form S-8 No 333-160180) pertaining to the Company’s 1999 Long-Term Incentive Plan (4) Registration Statement (Form S-3 No 333-167270) pertaining to the registration of 3,882,187 shares of Common Stock (5) Registration Statement (Form S-3 No 333-180553) pertaining to the registration of 2,569,606 shares of Common Stock (6) Registration Statement (Form S-3 No 333-183510) pertaining to the registration of 1,802,239 shares of Common Stock (7) Registration Statement (Form S-8 No 333-201192) pertaining to the Company’s 1999 Long-Term Incentive Plan (8) Registration Statement (Form S-3 No 333-212727) pertaining to the registration of 16,137,973 shares of Common Stock (9) Shelf Registration Statement (Form S-3 ASR No 333-217491), pertaining to the registration of an indeterminate amount of Common Stock, Preferred Stock, Depositary Shares, Debt Securities, Guarantees of Debt Securities, Warrants, Subscription Rights, Purchase Contracts and Purchase Units (10) Shelf Registration Statement (Form S-3 ASR No 333-236846) pertaining to the registration of an indeterminate amount of Common Stock, Preferred Stock, Depositary Shares, Debt Securities, Guarantees of Debt Securities, Warrants, Subscription Rights, Purchase Contracts and Purchase Units of our report dated February 18, 2021, with respect to the consolidated financial statements and schedule of United Dominion Realty, L.P. included in this Annual Report (Form 10-K) of United Dominion Realty, L.P. for the year ended December 31, 2020. /s/ Ernst & Young LLP Denver, Colorado February 18, 2021 I, Thomas W. Toomey, certify that: 1. I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10-K of UDR, Inc.; CERTIFICATION EXHIBIT 31.1 2. Based on my knowledge, this Report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this Report; 3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this Report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this Report; 4. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have: (a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this Report is being prepared; (b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; (c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this Report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this Report based on such evaluation; and (d) Disclosed in this Report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and 5. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): (a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and (b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting. Date: February 18, 2021 /s/ Thomas W. Toomey Thomas W. Toomey Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer) I, Joseph D. Fisher, certify that: 1. I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10-K of UDR, Inc.; CERTIFICATION EXHIBIT 31.2 2. Based on my knowledge, this Report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this Report; 3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this Report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this Report; 4. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have: (a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this Report is being prepared; (b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; (c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this Report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this Report, based on such evaluation; and (d) Disclosed in this Report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and 5. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): (a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and (b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting. Date: February 18, 2021 /s/ Joseph D. Fisher Joseph D. Fisher Chief Financial Officer and Senior Vice President (Principal Financial Officer) I, Thomas W. Toomey, certify that: 1. I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10-K of United Dominion Realty, L.P.; CERTIFICATION EXHIBIT 31.3 2. Based on my knowledge, this Report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this Report; 3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this Report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this Report; 4. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have: (a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this Report is being prepared; (b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; (c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this Report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this Report based on such evaluation; and (d) Disclosed in this Report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and 5. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): (a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and (b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting. Date: February 18, 2021 /s/ Thomas W. Toomey Thomas W. Toomey Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer) of UDR, Inc., general partner of United Dominion Realty, L.P. I, Joseph D. Fisher, certify that: 1. I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10-K of United Dominion Realty, L.P.; CERTIFICATION EXHIBIT 31.4 2. Based on my knowledge, this Report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this Report; 3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this Report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this Report; 4. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have: (a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this Report is being prepared; (b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; (c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this Report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this Report, based on such evaluation; and (d) Disclosed in this Report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and 5. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): (a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and (b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting. Date: February 18, 2021 /s/ Joseph D. Fisher Joseph D. Fisher Chief Financial Officer and Senior Vice President (Principal Financial Officer) of UDR, Inc., general partner of United Dominion Realty, L.P. CERTIFICATION EXHIBIT 32.1 In connection with the periodic report of UDR, Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Report”), I, Thomas W. Toomey, Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer of the Company, hereby certify as of the date hereof, solely for purposes of Title 18, Chapter 63, Section 1350 of the United States Code, that to the best of my knowledge: (1) the Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d), as applicable, of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, and (2) the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company at the dates and for the periods indicated. Date: February 18, 2021 /s/ Thomas W. Toomey Thomas W. Toomey Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer) CERTIFICATION EXHIBIT 32.2 In connection with the periodic report of UDR, Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Report”), I, Joseph D. Fisher, Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of the Company, hereby certify as of the date hereof, solely for purposes of Title 18, Chapter 63, Section 1350 of the United States Code, that to the best of my knowledge: (1) the Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d), as applicable, of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, and (2) the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company at the dates and for the periods indicated. Date: February 18, 2021 /s/ Joseph D. Fisher Joseph D. Fisher Chief Financial Officer and Senior Vice President (Principal Financial Officer) CERTIFICATION EXHIBIT 32.3 In connection with the periodic report of United Dominion Realty, L.P. (the “Operating Partnership”) on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Report”), I, Thomas W. Toomey, Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer of UDR, Inc., the general partner of the Operating Partnership, hereby certify as of the date hereof, solely for purposes of Title 18, Chapter 63, Section 1350 of the United States Code, that to the best of my knowledge: (1) the Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d), as applicable, of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, and (2) the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Operating Partnership at the dates and for the periods indicated. Date: February 18, 2021 /s/ Thomas W. Toomey Thomas W. Toomey Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer) of UDR, Inc., general partner of United Dominion Realty, L.P. CERTIFICATION EXHIBIT 32.4 In connection with the periodic report of United Dominion Realty, L.P. (the “Operating Partnership”) on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Report”), I, Joseph D. Fisher, Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of UDR, Inc., the general partner of the Operating Partnership, hereby certify as of the date hereof, solely for purposes of Title 18, Chapter 63, Section 1350 of the United States Code, that to the best of my knowledge: (1) the Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d), as applicable, of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, and (2) the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Operating Partnership at the dates and for the periods indicated. Date: February 18, 2021 /s/ Joseph D. Fisher Joseph D. Fisher Chief Financial Officer and Senior Vice President (Principal Financial Officer) of UDR, Inc., general partner of United Dominion Realty, L.P.

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