Quarterlytics / Basic Materials / Paper, Lumber & Forest Products / UFP Industries

UFP Industries

ufpi · NASDAQ Basic Materials
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Ticker ufpi
Exchange NASDAQ
Sector Basic Materials
Industry Paper, Lumber & Forest Products
Employees 5001-10,000
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FY2017 Annual Report · UFP Industries
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Report to Shareholders 

2017 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Even if you’re on the right track, you’ll get run over if you just sit there.  

― Will Rogers 

To our Shareholders:  

Every year at Universal Forest Products, we choose a theme that helps us frame the year ahead.  

For 2017, it was Learn it. Earn it. Own it. Or LEO. With the ferocity, stealth and determination of a lion,  

our employees did just that: they learned what they needed to know to improve over the previous year’s 

performance, they earned the opportunity to do more through their success, and they owned their results 

in 2017. It was a good year, a record-breaking year in fact. But, it wasn’t our best—that’s yet to come.  

And that is what motivates us, day in and day out: the knowledge that we can do better, and create more 

opportunity and value for all of our stakeholders. 

Our 2018 theme, >B4, is about the competitiveness and motivation of not just wanting to win, but hating  

to lose. We strive for perfection, recognizing that if we don’t set a high standard, we certainly won’t reach it.  

On the pages of this annual report, you will learn all about the numbers that illustrate our success, so in 

this letter, we’d like to highlight a few other things. Like our culture. Each of us has been associated with 

Universal for decades—nearly four for Matt and nearly five for Bill. Throughout that time, we have hired 

countless people who have built lifelong careers with the Universal family. Our coworkers became our 

best friends, toughest critics and biggest supporters. We encourage each other to reach for more, and  

we can be brutally honest when things need improving—because we want everyone to be their best and  

to have as much responsibility and reward as they can earn. That’s our culture. We are big and growing. 

We are international. Yet we are tightly knit. We genuinely care about our company and each other. It 

makes coming to work every day enjoyable, even on the toughest days.  

We work hard to bring in people who will continue that culture and our traditions. A few years ago, we 

started UFP Business School’s two-year degree program. It is based on a four-year business degree 

program, but with only the business courses. The instructors are our professionals. Students are in 

class 10 hours a week and in paid internships for 20 hours a week. The company underwrites the  

cost of the program. Those who successfully complete it get jobs at Universal affiliates. That is not a 

requirement of enrollment, but it is our belief that students will like it so much that they will stay. If our 

ii 

 
 
first class is any indication, we are right: all students who are graduating this summer are staying to 

build careers at Universal. They have every opportunity to be leaders long after we are gone.   

Jake W., Class of 2018: The people of UFP have built a company culture that … made me realize 

very quickly that I wouldn’t want to build a career anywhere else. 

Molly J., Class of 2019: All the instructors … have real-world experience that makes classes 

interesting and useful. I will be able to take what I learn and incorporate it into my future at UFP. 

Calvin C., Class of 2018: Every day in my internship, I am completing tasks for the company that 

make a difference, that give me something to be proud of. The people here incorporate me into 

their departments and teach me, rather than just give me “typical intern” work. This is a great 

opportunity to get a head start in your career without a cost to you. 

These are just the newest members of a team that is made up of hard-working professionals who care 

about what we do, how we do it and what kind of company we are. There are approximately 11,000 

people in the companies of Universal on four continents. Some of our operations have a few hundred 

people; some have a dozen. All are bound by the values that define us and our work: Honesty and 

integrity. Innovation. Ferocity. Determination. Fun. A solid work ethic.  

Our people are our story. They are responsible for the numbers. In 2013, we said we wanted to be a  

$3 billion company by the end of 2017. Well, we ended the year with net sales of $3.94 billion (and gross 

sales of $4.0 billion), which was 22 percent better than 2016. And we achieved record net earnings 

attributable to controlling interests of $119.5 million, up 18 percent over 2016. Unit sales accounted for 

15 percent of our gross sales growth; price increases accounted for 7 percent. These achievements 

deserve strong praise, but we are not satisfied. We didn’t achieve some of our own internal goals, and 

we’re determined to change that for 2018.  

One of our strategic objectives has been a focus on new product sales growth, and we had great success 

in 2017, increasing new product sales 23.5 percent over 2016, to $418.4 million. Among our exciting 

successes has been the popularity of our UFP-Edge rustic shiplap products and our Deckorators decking 

products and accessories.   

On the international business front, we sold more new products manufactured by UFP North American 

affiliates to offshore customers and continued to grow our list of exported and imported products (for 

example, we increased exports of UFP Edge and of American hardwoods, and imported products from 

around the globe). We successfully exported products from existing Universal vendors, growing our 

opportunity to do new business with them, and we saved hundreds of thousands of dollars through 

procurement enhancements and synergies in our overseas operations, among other things.   

iii 

 
In 2017, our E-commerce group finished its first full year as an independent team focused on creating 

and growing our business with our customers through digital channels and opportunities.  

Also in 2017, we added the operations of four businesses to the Universal family of companies:  

  Quality Hardwood Sales, of Nappanee, Ind., is a manufacturer and supplier of hardwood products 

including components for cabinets used in homes and recreational vehicles, adding hardwood 

products to our portfolio.  

  Robbins Manufacturing Co. is a manufacturer of treated wood products that helped us expand 

our presence in the Southeast United States.   

  Go Boy Pallets, a manufacturer and distributor of industrial pallets and packaging for the Georgia 

and North Carolina markets, expanded our product offering and lumber sourcing in that region.  

  Silverwater Box, a packaging solutions company in the Sydney, Australia suburb of Girraweek, 

helped advance our goal of becoming the leading global provider of packaging solutions in the 

products we offer. 

Our balanced business model makes us unique, sometimes hard to understand, and more resilient than 

most to market fluctuations. It allows us to use all grades of wood for our products, making us an 

attractive customer for the world’s largest mills. And it provides many avenues for growth in new markets 

and with new products. It has been a strong foundation on which to build over the decades and continues 

to be a competitive advantage. Today, we serve three robust markets and saw these results in 2017:   

Retail. Gross sales of $1.49 billion were up 15 percent over 2016, led by a 10 percent increase in  

unit sales and a 5 percent increase in selling prices. In our retail business, we sell hundreds of products 

ranging from decking, fencing and accessories to loose lumber.  Among our products and brands are 

ProWood® lumber (www.prowoodlumber.com), Deckorators® decking and accessories (www.deckorators.com), 

the shiplap siding and trim boards in our UFP-Edge portfolio (www.ufpedge.com), and lattice and panel 

products sold under our Dimensions™ brand (www.dimensionsdiy.com). Sales to this market were 

affected by a record hurricane season, which resulted in a temporary increase in sales of low-margin 

commodity products. While the temptation for many is to take advantage of need in the face of natural 

disasters, our philosophy is the opposite: we hold our prices as people struggle to prepare themselves for 

disaster. We can’t imagine making a bad human situation worse. 

Industrial.  Gross sales of $1.33 billion for 2017 represented an increase of 35 percent over the previous 

year. Unit sales increased 29 percent, primarily due to the Company’s acquisition of idX Corporation in 

September of 2016. Excluding acquisitions, the Company’s organic unit sales grew 4 percent over 2016. 

In this market, we supply specialty crates and packaging to multiple industries, as well as components for 

products, like wood frames for mattresses and furniture. It’s a strong opportunity not just for maximizing 

iv 

 
our design and production expertise, which often must accommodate intricate needs for protecting  

and transporting goods, but also for using raw material that otherwise would have been waste.  

Construction.  We saw $1.18 billion in gross sales for 2017, up 16 percent over 2016, driven by a  

7 percent increase in unit sales and a 9 percent increase in prices. Residential construction unit sales 

grew 7 percent, and unit sales to manufactured housing customers rose 9 percent over 2016. Residential 

construction includes traditional site-built single-family and multifamily construction, factory-built homes 

(both HUD-code and modular homes), commercial construction and concrete forming.  

We couldn’t achieve any of this without great people. As is true for other American corporations, changes 

in tax laws will lower taxes for us in 2018. Instead of using the tax savings for a one-time bonus, we will 

use approximately one-third of it to enhance our compensation and benefits package for employees, with 

a special emphasis on hourly production employees (the rest will be used on strategies to grow the 

company and to provide a return to shareholders). We are working with employees to select options that 

meet the differing needs and desires of our workforce. We want to make sure to provide our people with 

good pay and benefits in a way that is more valuable to them and their families.  

As our company grows and succeeds, we want our people to share in the value they help create, so we 

provide them with opportunities to invest in their company. Do many of our people build wealth in the 

process?  We hope so. That’s the American Dream. People of modest means who have determination, 

ability and a willingness to work hard can achieve it. Both of us are grateful examples of that, and we are 

determined to help as many others as possible achieve the dream. It is the reason for our business 

school (not all paths to success include a costly degree from a four-year institution), for training programs 

and career paths at Universal and for our hire-from-within-first philosophy for those who prove themselves 

through hard work and success. It is our privilege to help others achieve their goals, and it is those 

practices and our strong culture that make us different and, we believe, better.  

We love this company and the principles on which it was founded. We are grateful to this country for  

a free enterprise system that allows people and companies to compete and prove their worth based  

on their merits, and that allows people to determine worthy investments. We are honored that you 

deemed Universal a worthy choice, and we are focused on making sure you remain pleased with your 

investment in us.  

Cordially, 

William G. Currie 
Chairman of the Board   

Matthew J. Missad 
Chief Executive Officer 

v 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
UNIVERSAL FOREST PRODUCTS, INC. 
FINANCIAL INFORMATION 

Table of Contents 

Selected Financial Data 

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations 

Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting 

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm 

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm 

Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 

Consolidated Statements of Earnings and Comprehensive Income for the Years Ended December 30, 2017, 

December 31, 2016, and December 26, 2015 

Exhibit 13 

2

3-23

24

25

26

27

28

Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity for the Years Ended December 30, 2017, December 31, 2016, 

29

and December 26, 2015 

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Years Ended December 30, 2017, December 31, 2016, and 

30

December 26, 2015 

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 

Price Range of Common Stock and Dividends 

Stock Performance Graph 

Directors and Executive Officers 

Shareholder Information 

31-54

55

56

57

58

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA 
(In thousands, except per share and statistics data) 

2017 

2016 

2015 

2014 

2013 

Consolidated Statement of Earnings 
Data 
Net sales 
Gross profit 
Earnings before income taxes 
Net earnings attributable to controlling 
interest 
Diluted earnings per share 
Dividends per share 
Consolidated Balance Sheet Data 
Working capital(1) 
Total assets 
Total debt 
Shareholders’ equity 
Statistics 
Gross profit as a percentage of net sales  
Net earnings attributable to controlling 
interest as a percentage of net sales 
Return on beginning equity(2) 
Current ratio(4) 
Debt to equity ratio(5) 
Book value per common share(3) 

  $ 3,941,182  
 542,826  
 176,007  

  $  119,512  
 1.94  
  $
 0.320  
  $

  $  560,241  
   1,464,677  
 146,003  
 974,023  

$ 3,240,493  
 474,590  
 160,671  

$ 2,887,071  
 399,904  
 131,002  

$  2,660,329   
 325,342   
 95,713   

$ 2,470,448  
 280,552  
 70,258  

$  101,179  
 1.65  
$
 0.290  
$

$
$
$

 80,595  
 1.33  
 0.273  

 57,551   
 0.95   
 0.203   

$
$

 43,082  
 0.72  
 0.137  

$ 
$ 

$  484,661  
   1,292,058  
 111,693  
 860,466  

$  444,057  
   1,107,679  
 85,895  
 766,409  

 397,546   
$ 
   1,023,800   
 98,645   
 699,560   

$  357,299  
 916,987  
 84,700  
 649,734  

 13.8 %   

 14.6 %   

 13.9 %   

 12.2  %   

 11.4 %

 3.0 %   
 13.9 %   
 2.85  
 0.15  
 15.92  

$

 3.1 %   
 13.2 %   
 2.78  
 0.13  
 14.10  

$

 2.8 %   
 11.5 %   
 3.17  
 0.11  
 12.68  

$ 

 2.2  %   
 8.8  %   
 3.27   
 0.14   
 11.67   

$

 1.7 %
 7.1 %
 3.59  
 0.13  
 10.86  

  $

(1)  Current assets less current liabilities. 
(2)  Net earnings attributable to controlling interest divided by beginning shareholders’ equity. 
(3)  Shareholders’ equity divided by common stock outstanding. 
(4)  Current assets divided by current liabilities. 
(5)  Total debt divided by shareholders’ equity. 

Acquisition growth is the primary contributing factor to material increases over the period from 2013 to 2017.  Refer to 
Note C under the“Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements” for further discussion on the Company’s business 
combinations and impact on financials. 

2 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
     
     
     
     
     
  
  
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
    
 
    
 
    
 
     
 
    
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
    
 
    
 
    
 
     
 
    
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
UNIVERSAL FOREST PRODUCTS, INC. 
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF 
FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS 

Universal Forest Products, Inc. is a holding company with subsidiaries throughout North America, Europe, Asia, and in 
Australia  that  supply  wood,  wood  composite  and  other  products  to  three  robust  markets: retail,  industrial,  and 
construction. The  Company  is  headquartered  in  Grand  Rapids,  Mich.  For  more  information  about  Universal  Forest 
Products, Inc., or its affiliated operations, go to www.ufpi.com. 

This report contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act, as 
amended, that are based on management’s beliefs, assumptions, current expectations, estimates and projections about the 
markets we serve, the economy and the Company itself. Words like “anticipates,” “believes,” “confident,” “estimates,” 
“expects,” “forecasts,” “likely,” “plans,” “projects,” “should,” variations of such words, and similar expressions identify 
such  forward-looking  statements.  These  statements  do  not  guarantee  future  performance  and  involve  certain  risks, 
uncertainties  and  assumptions  that  are  difficult  to  predict  with  regard  to  timing,  extent,  likelihood  and  degree  of 
occurrence.  The  Company  does  not  undertake  to  update  forward-looking  statements  to  reflect  facts,  circumstances, 
events,  or  assumptions  that  occur  after  the  date  the  forward-looking  statements  are  made.  Actual  results  could  differ 
materially  from  those  included  in  such  forward-looking  statements.  Investors  are  cautioned  that  all  forward-looking 
statements  involve  risks  and  uncertainty.  Among  the  factors  that  could  cause  actual  results  to  differ  materially  from 
forward-looking statements are the following: fluctuations in the price of lumber; adverse or unusual weather conditions; 
adverse economic conditions in the markets we serve; government regulations, particularly involving environmental and 
safety regulations; and our ability to make successful business acquisitions. Certain of these risk factors as well as other 
risk factors and additional information are included in the Company’s reports on Form 10-K and 10-Q on file with the 
Securities and Exchange Commission. We are pleased to present this overview of 2017. 

Our results for 2017 were impacted by the following: 

OVERVIEW 

  Our sales increased almost 22% in 2017 due to a 15% increase in our unit sales and a 7% increase in overall 
selling  prices (see  “Historical  Lumber  Prices”).  Our  unit  sales  increased  in  all  three  of  our  markets -  retail, 
industrial,  and  construction -  and  were  driven  by  a  combination  of  acquisition  and  organic  growth.  Overall, 
businesses  we  acquired  contributed  11%  to  our  unit  sales  growth  in  2017  (see  Note C  of  the  Notes to 
Consolidated Financial Statements) and we achieved 4% organic unit sales growth.  In 2016, we had 53 weeks 
in our fiscal year which contributed an additional $60 million of sales compared to 2017, which was a 52 week 
year (See Note A of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements). 

  The  Home  Improvement  Research  Institute  reported  a  5%  increase  in  home  improvement  sales  in  2017. 
Comparatively,  our  unit  sales  to  the  retail  market  increased  10%  in  2017,  including  approximately  7% 
contributed from acquired businesses. 

  Our sales to the industrial market increased 35% in 2017. Businesses we acquired contributed 25% to unit sales 
growth.  Comparatively,  the Federal  Reserve’s  Industrial  Production noted  that  national  industrial  production 
increased less than 1% in 2017. 

  National  housing  starts 

through 
November 2017, compared to the same period of the prior year (our sales trail housing starts by about a month). 
Comparatively, our unit sales to residential construction customers increased 7% in 2017. 

the  period  from  December 2016 

increased  approximately  4% 

in 

  Production  of  HUD  code  manufactured  homes  were  up  16%  in  the  period  from  January through 
November 2017,  compared  to  the  same  period  of  the  prior year.  Comparatively,  our  unit  sales  to  the 
manufactured housing market increased 9% in 2017. 

3 

UNIVERSAL FOREST PRODUCTS, INC. 
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF 
FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS 

  Our  earnings  from  operations  increased  10.4%  to  $181.5  million  in  2017  from  $164.4  million  in  2016.  
Acquired businesses contributed $6.7 million to our increase, which was below our expectations primarily due 
to idX.  The remaining $10.4 million, or 6.3%, increase was primarily driven by our organic unit sales growth 
and  a  decline  in  our  incentive  bonus  expense  due  to  a  decrease  in  our  return  on  investment  which  is  a  key 
performance metric for determining incentive bonus payments. 

  Finally, the Tax Act, as defined in Note K to our 2017 Annual Financial Statements, resulted in a $6.4 million 
decrease to our net deferred tax liability and income taxes in 2017.  Excluding the impact of the Tax Act, our 
net  earnings  attributable  to  controlling  interest  was  $113.1  million,  compared  to  $101.2  million  in  2016,  an 
11.8% increase. 

  Our  cash  flow  from  operating  activities  decreased  to  $137  million  due  to  an  increase  in  our  investment  in 
working capital resulting from higher year over year lumber prices in the fourth quarter of 2017 compared with 
the fourth quarter of 2016 as presented in the tables below. 

The following table presents the Random Lengths framing lumber composite price. 

HISTORICAL LUMBER PRICES 

Random Lengths Composite 
Average $/MBF 
2016 

2015 

2017 

January 
February 
March 
April 
May 
June 
July 
August 
September 
October 
November 
December 

Annual average 
Annual percentage change 

  $

 356   
 393   
 401   
 424   
 416   
 399   
 411   
 417   
 416   
 437   
 436   
 433   

$ 

$

 316   
 310   
 321   
 345   
 356   
 353   
 351   
 367   
 354   
 356   
 346   
 357   

  $

 412   
$ 
 19.8  %   

 344   
$
 3.9  %    

 379  
 361  
 339  
 334  
 315  
 328  
 346  
 327  
 300  
 308  
 326  
 314  

 331  

4 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
     
     
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
UNIVERSAL FOREST PRODUCTS, INC. 
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF 
FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS 

In  addition,  a  Southern  Yellow  Pine  (“SYP”)  composite  price,  which  we  prepare  and  use,  is  presented  below. Our 
purchases  of  this  species  comprises  approximately  44%  and  43%  of  total  lumber  purchases  for  2017  and  2016, 
respectively. 

January 
February 
March 
April 
May 
June 
July 
August 
September 
October 
November 
December 

Annual average 
Annual percentage change 

Southern Yellow Pine 
Average $/MBF 
2016 

2017 

2015 

  $

 397   
 420   
 433   
 438   
 416   
 399   
 381   
 383   
 387   
 417   
 412   
 418   

$ 

$

 358  
 357  
 366  
 389  
 397  
 382  
 380  
 391  
 375  
 385  
 387  
 400  

  $

 408   
$ 
 7.1  %    

 381  
$
 6.4 %     

 411
 399
 393
 400
 368
 354
 344
 321
 290
 318
 348
 347

 358

The significant increases in lumber prices from 2016 to 2017 can primarily be attributed to the following factors: 

  Duties on imported lumber from Canada - The U.S. Department of Commerce has preliminarily determined that 
subsidies are being provided to producers and exporters of certain softwood lumber products (softwood lumber) 
from Canada and duties are being assessed ranging from 7% to 23%. 

  Canadian Wildfires - In 2017, British Columbia experienced its worst wildfire season in history which impacted 

the producers and exporters of lumber products. 

  Hurricanes  Irma  and  Harvey  -  Caused  catastrophic  damage  in  parts  of  the  U.S.  and  the  Caribbean.    The 
necessity for lumber to prevent and repair hurricane damage resulted in a surge in lumber demand during the 
third and fourth quarters of 2017. 

IMPACT OF THE LUMBER MARKET ON OUR OPERATING RESULTS 

We  experience  significant  fluctuations  in  the  cost  of  commodity  lumber  products  from  primary  producers  ("Lumber 
Market").  We  generally  price  our  products  to  pass  lumber  costs  through  to  our  customers  so  that  our  profitability  is 
based on the value-added manufacturing, distribution, engineering, and other services we provide. As a result, our sales 
levels (and working capital requirements) are impacted by the lumber costs of our products. Lumber costs were 49.1%, 
48.4%, and 48.9% of our gross sales in 2017, 2016, and 2015, respectively. 

Our gross margins are impacted by (1) the relative level of the Lumber Market (i.e. whether prices are higher or lower 
from comparative periods), and (2) the trend in the market price of lumber (i.e. whether the price of lumber is increasing 
or  decreasing  within  a  period  or  from  period  to  period).  Moreover,  as  explained  below,  our  products  are  priced 
differently. Some of our products have fixed selling prices, while the selling prices of other products are indexed to the 

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UNIVERSAL FOREST PRODUCTS, INC. 
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF 
FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS 

reported  Lumber  Market  with  a  fixed  dollar  adder  to  cover  conversion  costs  and  profits.  Consequently,  the  level  and 
trend of the Lumber Market impact our products differently. 

Below is a general description of the primary ways in which our products are priced. 

  Products with fixed  selling prices.  These  products  include  value-added  products  such  as  decking  and fencing 
sold  to  retail  building  materials  customers,  as  well  as  trusses,  wall  panels  and  other  components  sold  to  the 
residential construction market, and most industrial packaging products. Prices for these products are generally 
fixed at the time of the sales quotation for a specified period of time or are based upon a specific quantity. In 
order  to  maintain  margins  and  reduce  any  exposure  to  adverse  trends  in  the  price  of  component  lumber 
products, we attempt to lock in costs with our suppliers for these sales commitments. Also, the time period and 
quantity limitations generally allow us to eventually re-price our products for changes in lumber costs from our 
suppliers. 

  Products  with  selling  prices  indexed  to  the  reported  Lumber  Market  with  a  fixed  dollar  "adder"  to  cover 
conversion  costs  and  profits.  These  products  primarily  include  treated  lumber,  remanufactured  lumber,  and 
trusses sold to the manufactured housing industry. For these products, we estimate the customers’ needs and we 
carry  anticipated  levels  of  inventory.  Because  lumber  costs  are  incurred  in  advance  of  final  sale  prices, 
subsequent increases or decreases in the market price of lumber impact our gross margins. For these products, 
our margins are exposed to changes in the trend of lumber prices. 

The greatest risk associated with changes in the trend of lumber prices is on the following products: 

  Products  with  significant  inventory  levels  with  low  turnover  rates,  whose  selling  prices  are  indexed  to  the 
Lumber Market. In other words, the longer the period of time these products remain in inventory, the greater the 
exposure to changes in the price of lumber. This would include treated lumber, which comprises approximately 
19%  of  our  total  sales.  This  exposure  is  less  significant  with  remanufactured  lumber,  trusses  sold  to  the 
manufactured housing market, and other similar products, due to our higher rate of inventory turnover of these 
products. We attempt to mitigate the risk associated with treated lumber through vendor consignment inventory 
programs. (Please refer to the “Risk Factors” section of our annual report on form 10-K, filed with the United 
States Securities and Exchange Commission.) 

  Products with fixed selling prices sold under long-term supply arrangements, particularly those involving multi-
family  construction  projects.  We  attempt  to  mitigate  this  risk  through  our  purchasing  practices  by  locking  in 
costs or including re-pricing triggers if lumber prices change in excess of an agreed upon percentage. 

In  addition  to  the  impact  of  the  Lumber  Market  trends  on  gross  margins,  changes  in  the  level  of  the  market  cause 
fluctuations in gross margins when comparing operating results from period to period. This is explained in the following 
example, which assumes the price of lumber has increased from period one to period two, with no changes in the trend 
within each period. 

Lumber cost 
Conversion cost 
 = Product cost 
Adder 
 = Sell price 
Gross margin 

      Period 1 
  $ 

$

 300  
 50  
 350  
 50  
 400  
$
 12.5 %   

Period 2 

 400  
 50  
 450  
 50  
 500  
 10.0 %

  $ 

6 

 
 
 
 
 
     
  
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
UNIVERSAL FOREST PRODUCTS, INC. 
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF 
FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS 

As  is  apparent  from  the  preceding  example,  the  level  of  lumber  prices  does  not  impact  our  overall  profits  but  does 
impact our margins. Gross margins and operating margins are negatively impacted during periods of high lumber prices; 
conversely,  we  experience  margin  improvement  when  lumber  prices  are  relatively  low.  As  a  result  of  this  factor,  we 
believe it is useful to compare our change in units shipped with our change in gross profits, operating profits, and selling, 
general, and administrative expenses as a method of evaluating our profitability and efficiency. 

BUSINESS COMBINATIONS AND ASSET PURCHASES 

We  completed  four  business  acquisitions  during  2017  and  six  during  2016.  The  annual  historical  sales  attributable  to 
acquisitions  in  2017  and  2016  were  approximately  $127  million  and  $362  million,  respectively.  These  business 
combinations were not  significant  to our operating results  individually  or  in  aggregate,  and  thus pro  forma  results  for 
2017 and 2016 are not presented. 

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, Note C, "Business Combinations" for additional information. 

The  following  table  presents,  for  the  periods  indicated,  the  components  of  our  Consolidated  Statements  of 

Earnings as a percentage of net sales. 

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS 

Year Ended 

Net sales 
Cost of goods sold 
Gross profit 
Selling, general, and administrative expenses 
Earnings from operations 
Other expense (income), net 
Earnings before income taxes 
Income taxes 
Net earnings 
Less net earnings attributable to noncontrolling interest 
Net earnings attributable to controlling interest 

   December 30,      December 31,       December 26,  
2016 
 100.0  %  
 85.4    
 14.6    
 9.6    
 5.1    
 0.1    
 5.0    
 1.7    
 3.3    
 (0.1)   
 3.1  %  

2017 
 100.0 %   
 86.2   
 13.8   
 9.1   
 4.6   
 0.1   
 4.5   
 1.3   
 3.1   
 (0.1)  
 3.0 %   

2015 
 100.0 %
 86.1  
 13.9  
 9.2  
 4.7  
 0.2  
 4.5  
 1.6  
 2.9  
 (0.2) 
 2.8 %

Note: Actual percentages are calculated and may not sum to total due to rounding. 

GROSS SALES 

We design, manufacture and market wood and wood-alternative products for national home centers and other retailers, 
structural lumber and other products for the manufactured housing industry, engineered wood components for residential 
and commercial construction, specialty wood packaging, components and packing materials for various industries, and 
customized interior fixtures used in a variety of retail stores, commercial and other structures. Our strategic long-term 
sales objectives include: 

  Maximizing unit sales growth while achieving return on investment goals 

7 

 
 
 
 
 
  
 
   
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
UNIVERSAL FOREST PRODUCTS, INC. 
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF 
FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS 

  Diversifying  our  end  market  sales  mix  by  increasing  sales  of  specialty  wood  packaging  to  industrial  users, 
increasing our penetration of the concrete forming market, increasing our sales of engineered wood components 
for  custom  home,  multi-family,  military  and  light  commercial  construction,  increasing our  market  share  with 
independent retailers, and increasing our sales of customized interior fixtures used in a variety of markets. 

  Expanding geographically in our core businesses, domestically and internationally. 

 

Increasing  sales  of  "value-added"  products,  which  primarily  consist  of  fencing,  decking,  lattice,  and  other 
specialty  products  sold  to  the  retail    market,  specialty  wood  packaging,  engineered  wood  components, 
customized  interior  fixtures,  and  "wood  alternative"  products.  Engineered  wood  components  include  roof 
trusses,  wall  panels,  and  floor  systems.  Wood  alternative  products  consist  primarily  of  composite  wood  and 
plastics.  Although  we  consider  the  treatment  of  dimensional  lumber  with  certain  chemical  preservatives  a 
value-added process, treated lumber is not presently included in the value-added sales. 

  Developing new products and expanding our product offering for existing customers. New product sales were 
$418.4 million in 2017, $338.6 million in 2016, and $298.0 million in 2015 and are presented by market in the 
table below (in thousands).  

Market Classification 
Retail 
Industrial 
Construction 
Total New Product Sales 

$

New Product Sales by Market 
Twelve Months Ended 
December 31, 
2016 
 191,619  
 97,718  
 49,290  
 338,627  

$ 

$

December 30, 
2017 
 241,009  
 109,892  
 67,536  
 418,437  

December 26, 
2015 

 167,938
 77,723
 52,378
 298,039

Note:  Certain prior year product reclassifications resulted in a decrease and increase in new product sales in 2016 and 2015,        
respectively. 

The  following  table  presents,  for  the  periods  indicated,  our  gross  sales  (in  thousands)  and percentage  change  in  gross 
sales by market classification. 

December 30,      %      December 31,       % 

     December 26,

Year Ended 

Market Classification 
Retail 
Industrial 
Construction 
Total Gross Sales 
Sales Allowances 
Total Net Sales 

2017 
$ 1,493,366   
   1,334,082   
   1,178,755   
   4,006,203   
 (65,021)  
$ 3,941,182   

  Change 

2016 

  Change 

2015 

 15.4   $ 1,294,273    
 984,968    
 35.4  
   1,018,136    
 15.8  
   3,297,377    
 21.5  
 14.3  
 (56,884)  
 21.6   $ 3,240,493    

 13.8    $ 1,137,109
 890,179
 10.6   
 12.5   
 905,193
   2,932,481
 12.4   
 25.3   
 (45,410)
 12.2    $ 2,887,071

Note: During 2017, certain customers were reclassified to a different market. Prior year information has been restated to reflect these changes. 

8 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
     
     
     
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
       
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
UNIVERSAL FOREST PRODUCTS, INC. 
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF 
FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS 

The  following  table  presents  estimates,  for  the  periods  indicated,  of  our percentage  change  in  gross  sales  which  were 
attributable to changes in overall selling prices versus changes in units shipped. 

2017 versus 2016 
2016 versus 2015 
2015 versus 2014 

Retail: 

% Change 

in Sales       in Selling Prices     
 6.6 %  
 21.5 %   
 1.2 %  
 12.4 %   
 (3.0)%  
 8.5 %   

in Units   
 14.9 %
 11.2 %
 11.5 %

Gross sales to the retail market increased over 15% in 2017 compared to 2016 due to a 10% increase in unit sales and a 
5% increase in selling prices. Within this market, sales to our big box customers increased 16% while our sales to other 
retailers increased 14%. Businesses we acquired contributed 7% to our growth, while new products contributed to our 
3% organic unit sales growth. Comparatively, our large retail customers reported year over year same store sales growth 
of approximately 8% during the first nine months of 2017, the latest information available to us. 

Gross sales to the retail market increased almost 14% in 2016 compared to 2015 due to a 10% increase in unit sales and 
a 4% increase in selling prices. Within this market, sales to our big box customers increased 17% while our sales to other 
retailers increased 10%. Our increase in unit sales primarily consisted of organic growth achieved through a combination 
of share gains in existing product lines with certain retailers, an improvement in consumer demand, and growth in our 
new  product  sales.  Our  large  retail  customers  reported year  over year  same  store  sales  growth  of  approximately  6% 
during 2016. 

See  Notes to  Consolidated  Financial  Statements,  Note C,  "Business  Combinations"  for  additional  information 
concerning acquired businesses. 

Industrial: 

Gross sales to the industrial market increased 35% in 2017 compared to 2016, resulting from a 29% increase in overall 
unit sales and a 6% increase in selling prices. Businesses we acquired contributed 25% to our growth in unit sales. Our 
organic unit sales growth of 4% was primarily achieved through share gains including adding 390 new customers during 
the year and increasing the number of locations we serve of existing customers by 142 new stores. 

Gross sales to the industrial market increased 11% in 2016 compared to 2015, resulting from a 13% increase in overall 
unit sales, offset by a 2% decrease in selling prices. Businesses we acquired contributed 10% to our growth in unit sales. 
Our  organic  growth  in  unit  sales  was  3%  as  a  result  of  share  gains  achieved  by  adding  191  new  customers  during 
the year  and  increasing  the  number  of  locations  we  serve  certain  large  customers.  We  believe  overall  market  demand 
decreased in 2016 due, in part, to the strong U.S. dollar which impacted our customers with export sales. 

See  Notes to  Consolidated  Financial  Statements,  Note C,  "Business  Combinations"  for  additional  information 
concerning acquired businesses. 

Construction: 

Gross sales to the construction market increased almost 16% in 2017 compared to 2016, due to a unit sales increase of 
7%  and  a  9%  increase  in  selling  prices.  Unit  sales  increased  due  to  a  7%  increase  in  units  shipped  to  residential 
construction  customers  and  a  9%  increase  in  shipments  to  manufactured  housing  customers  while  unit  sales  to 
commercial construction customers remained flat. Businesses we acquired in 2017 contributed 1% to unit sales growth. 

9 

 
 
 
 
 
 
   
  
 
  
  
 
UNIVERSAL FOREST PRODUCTS, INC. 
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF 
FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS 

Comparatively, the Mortgage Bankers Association of America reported year over year national housing starts increased 
4%, the commercial construction market increased 3% and the National Association of Home Builders reported industry 
production of HUD-code homes increased over 15%.  

Gross sales to the construction market increased over 12% in 2016 compared to 2015, due to a unit sales increase of 11% 
and  a  1%  increase  in  selling  prices.  Unit  sales  increased  due  to  a  17%  increase  in  units  shipped  to  residential 
construction  customers,  a  10%  increase  in  shipments  to  commercial  construction  customers,  and  a  5%  increase  in 
shipments to manufactured housing customers. Businesses we acquired in 2016 contributed 2% in unit sales growth to 
manufactured housing customers. Comparatively, the Mortgage Bankers Association of America reported year over year 
national  housing  starts  increased  5%,  the  commercial  construction  market  increased  5%,  the  National  Association  of 
Home  Builders  reported  industry  production  of  HUD-code  homes  increased  14%,  and  modular  home  starts  decreased 
1%  in  2016  (the  last  period  reported).  The  increases  in  our  sales  to  residential  and  commercial  construction  above  
nationally recognized market data are primarily due to a combination of increased demand and market share in certain 
areas of our geographic footprint. Our growth in the manufactured housing market was less than the national average, 
which was primarily due to a reduction in market share resulting from the loss of certain customers. 

Value-Added and Commodity-Based Sales: 

The  following  table  presents,  for  the  periods  indicated,  our percentage  of  value-added  and  commodity-based  sales  to 
total sales. Value-added products generally carry higher gross margins than our commodity-based products. 

2017 
2016 
2015 

Value-Added 

      Commodity-Based   
36.7 %
37.4 %
40.2 %

63.3  %    
62.6  %    
59.8  %    

COST OF GOODS SOLD AND GROSS PROFIT 

Our gross profit percentage decreased from  14.6% in 2016 to 13.8% in 2017 due, in part, to the high level of lumber 
prices. This is evident when comparing our increase in gross profits with our increase in units shipped.  Our gross profit 
dollars increased by over $68 million, or 14%, which is slightly below our 15% increase in unit sales. Our profitability in 
2017 was impacted by the following factors: 

  Approximately $8 million, a 5% increase in our gross profit in the retail market, was attributable to our growth 
in  unit  sales  to  that  market.  Businesses  we  acquired  in  2017  contributed  $1.6  million  of  this  increase.    Our 
increase  in  gross  profit  was  less  than  our  increase  in  unit  sales  as  a  result  of  (1)  Lumber  Market  volatility, 
particularly in the second quarter which is our primary selling season, and (2) the acquisition of Robbins in the 
first quarter of 2017, which primarily sells lower margin treated lumber products. 

  Our growth in unit sales to the industrial market resulted in a $34 million, or 20%, increase in our gross profit, 
which was due primarily to businesses we acquired in 2017 and 2016. Our increase in gross profit was less than 
our increase in unit sales primarily due to the impact of higher lumber prices on our products sold with fixed 
selling prices. 

  Almost  $13  million,  or  9%,  of  our  gross  profit  improvement  was  due  to  growth  in  sales  to  the  residential 
construction and manufactured housing markets.  Our gross profit increase exceeded our increase in unit sales 

10 

 
 
 
 
 
 
     
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
UNIVERSAL FOREST PRODUCTS, INC. 
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF 
FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS 

primarily due to leveraging our fixed manufacturing costs, which helped offset the impact of Lumber Market 
volatility and higher labor rates and benefit costs. 

  The remaining $13 million increase in our gross profit was due to a variety of factors including favorable labor 
and overhead cost variances, increases in vendor rebates, and a decrease in customer rebates compared to 2017. 

Our  gross  profit percentage  increased  from  13.9%  in  2015  to  14.6%  in  2016.  Additionally,  our  gross  profit  dollars 
increased  by  over  $75  million,  or  19%,  which  exceeded  our  11%  increase  in  unit  sales.  The  improvement  in  our 
profitability in 2016 is attributable to the following factors: 

  Approximately $38 million of the increase was attributable to our growth in unit sales to the retail market and 
an improvement in margin on those sales. New product sales, effective inventory positioning leading to lower 
lumber  costs,  and  the  favorable  impact  of  selling  into  a  rising  lumber  market  on  variable  priced  products 
contributed to our margin improvement. 

  Our growth in unit sales to the industrial market and  margin improvement on those sales for most of the year 
resulted  in  a  $22  million  improvement  in  our  gross  profit.  Businesses  we  acquired  in  2016  contributed  $16 
million  to  this  increase.  The  gross  margin  improvement  was  attributable  to  a  favorable  improvement  in  our 
product sales mix of more value-added products. 

  Almost $16 million of our gross profit improvement was due to growth in sales to the residential construction, 
commercial construction, and manufactured housing markets as our gross margins remained relatively flat. 

SELLING, GENERAL, AND ADMINISTRATIVE EXPENSES 

Selling,  general  and  administrative  ("SG&A")  expenses  increased  by  approximately  $52.1  million,  or  16.7%,  in  2017 
compared to 2016, while we reported a 15% increase in unit sales. Acquired businesses contributed $41.0 million to our 
increase. The remaining increase in SG&A was primarily due to a $11.1 million increase in compensation and related 
costs  resulting  from  annual  raises,  greater benefit  costs, and hiring  additional  personnel  to  support  sales  growth.   Our 
annual incentive bonus expense was almost $44 million compared to $45 million last year.  This decrease, in spite of an 
increase in profits, was due to a decline in our return on investment, a key performance metric for determining incentive 
compensation bonus payments. 

Selling,  general  and  administrative  ("SG&A")  expenses  increased  by  approximately  $45.9  million,  or  17%,  in  2016 
compared to 2015, while we reported an 11% increase in unit sales. Acquired businesses contributed $17 million to this 
increase. The remaining increase in SG&A was primarily  due to an $11 million increase in compensation and benefit 
costs resulting from annual raises, other cost increases, and hiring additional personnel to support sales growth, and a 
$14 million increase in incentive compensation expense tied to our return on investment. 

INTEREST, NET 

Net interest costs were higher in 2017 compared to 2016, due to a higher outstanding balance on our revolving line of 
credit  throughout  2017  as  well  as  an  increase  in  the  borrowing  rate  on  our  revolving  credit  facility  which  is  tied  to 
LIBOR. 

Net interest costs were lower in 2016 compared to 2015, due to a lower outstanding balance on our revolving line of 
credit throughout 2016. 

11 

 
UNIVERSAL FOREST PRODUCTS, INC. 
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF 
FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS 

INCOME TAXES 

Effective tax rates differ from statutory federal income tax rates, primarily due to provisions for state and local income 
taxes, permanent tax differences, and the impact of the Tax Act in the U.S. Our effective tax rate decreased to 29.5% in 
2017 compared to 34.3% in 2016. The decrease in the 2017 tax rate is primarily due to the impact of the Tax Act, which 
resulted  in  a  $6.4  million  reduction  in  our  net  deferred  tax  liability  at  the  end  of  December  2017.    The  remaining 
decrease was due to increases in tax credits and permanent tax differences. 

Our  effective  tax  rate  decreased  to  34.3%  in  2016  compared  to  35.0%  in  2015.   The  decrease  in  the  2016  tax  rate  is 
primarily due to a reduction in our estimated state tax rate. 

SEGMENT REPORTING 

The following tables present, for the periods indicated, our net sales and earnings from operations by reportable segment 
(in thousands). 

North 
South 
West 
All Other 
Total 

North 
South 
West 
All Other 
Corporate1 
Total 

Net Sales 
  December 26, 
2015 

  December 30,

  December 31,

2017 

2016 
  $ 1,133,656   $ 1,000,426   $  922,092   
 656,550   
   1,133,398   
 175,031   
  $ 3,941,182   $ 3,240,493   $ 2,887,071   

 837,370  
   1,417,924  
 552,232  

 711,862  
   1,251,093  
 277,112  

    2017 vs 2016      2016 vs 2015  
 8.5 %
 8.4  
 10.4  
 58.3  
 12.2 %

 13.3  %  
 17.6    
 13.3    
 99.3    
 21.6  %  

Earnings from Operations 

  December 31,    December 26, 

  December 30,
2017 

2016 

  $  61,326   $  59,408   $

2015 
 53,879   
 30,740   
 70,220   
 3,038   
 (22,410)   
  $  181,469   $  164,438   $  135,467    

 46,646  
 82,465  
 17,296  
 (26,264) 

 47,146  
 76,875  
 16,639  
 (35,630) 

    2017 vs 2016      2016 vs 2015  
 10.3 %
 53.4  
 9.5  
 447.7  
 (59.0) 
 21.4 %

 3.2  %  
 (1.1)  
 7.3    
 3.9    
 26.3    
 10.4    

1.  Corporate primarily represents over (under) allocated administrative costs and certain incentive compensation expense. 

North 

Market Classification 
Retail 
Industrial 
Construction 
Total Gross Sales 
Sales Allowances 

 Net Sales of North Segment by Market 
Twelve Months Ended 

  December 30,   December 31,   December 26,  % Change    

2017 

2016 

2015 

  $  488,871   $  467,619   $  416,635  
 118,315  
 403,183  
 938,133  
 (16,041) 

 157,365  
 510,810  
   1,157,046  
 (23,390) 

 115,889  
 436,928  
   1,020,436  
 (20,010) 

% Change  
     2017 vs 2016       2016 vs 2015 
 12.2
 (2.1)
 8.4
 8.8
 24.7

 4.5   
 35.8   
 16.9   
 13.4   
 16.9   

12 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
    
    
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
    
    
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
    
    
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
UNIVERSAL FOREST PRODUCTS, INC. 
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF 
FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS 

Total Net Sales 

  $ 1,133,656   $ 1,000,426   $  922,092   

 13.3   

 8.5

Net sales attributable to the North reportable segment increased by $133 million, or 13.3%, in 2017, due primarily to the 
following factors: 

  Acquired operations contributed over $29 million to our growth in sales to the industrial market. 

  Higher lumber prices resulted in an increase in our selling prices. 

  Organic  unit  sales  growth  to  the  industrial and  construction  markets  was  offset  slightly  by  a  decrease  in unit 

sales to the retail market due to a reduction in demand from certain customers. 

Earnings  from  operations  for  the  North  reportable  segment  increased  in  2017  by  $1.9  million,  or  3.2%,  due  to  an 
increase  in  gross  profit  of  $9.2  million,  offset  by  a  $7.3  million  increase  in  SG&A  expenses  compared  to  last  year.  
Acquired operations contributed $1.5 million to our operating profits in 2017.  Gross profits and SG&A were impacted 
by the same factors discussed under “Cost of Goods Sold and Gross Profit” and “Selling, General, and Administrative 
Expenses.” 

Net sales attributable to the North reportable segment increased by 8.5% in 2016, due to increases in sales to our retail 
and  residential  construction  markets,  offset  by  a  decrease  in  sales  to  our  industrial  customers  as  a  result  of  the  same 
factors discussed under "Gross Sales". 

Earnings  from  operations  for  the  North  reportable  segment  increased  in  2016  by  $5.5  million,  or  10.3%,  due  to  an 
increase  in gross  profit  of $13.6  million,  offset  by  an $8.1  million  increase  in  SG&A expenses  compared  to  the  prior 
year.      Additionally,  margin  improvements  were  achieved  on  sales  to  the  retail  and  industrial  markets  due  to  a  more 
favorable product sales mix focused on value-added products.  

South 

Market Classification 
Retail 
Industrial 
Construction 
Total Gross Sales 
Sales Allowances 
Total Net Sales 

Net Sales of South Segment by Market 
Twelve Months Ended 

% Change  
     2017 vs 2016 

  December 30,  December 31,  December 26, 

2015 

2017 

2016 
  $  388,784   $  317,242   $  288,442  
 244,380  
 135,512  
 668,334  
 (11,784) 
  $  837,370   $  711,862   $  656,550   

 246,849  
 161,999  
 726,090  
 (14,228) 

 271,005  
 196,471  
 856,260  
 (18,890) 

% Change  
2016 vs 2015 
 10.0
 1.0
 19.5
 8.6
 20.7
 8.4

 22.6   
 9.8   
 21.3   
 17.9   
 32.8   
 17.6   

Net sales attributable to the South reportable segment increased by $125 million, or 17.6%, in 2017, primarily due to the 
following factors: 

  Acquired  operations  contributed  $88.4  million,  $5.0  million,  and  $6.1  million  to  our  retail,  industrial,  and 

construction markets, respectively. 

13 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
    
    
    
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
UNIVERSAL FOREST PRODUCTS, INC. 
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF 
FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS 

  Higher lumber prices increased our selling prices. 

  Organic unit sales growth to the construction and industrial markets was offset by a decline in unit sales to the 
retail  market  as  a  result  of  transferring  our  import  and  export  business  to  our  International  segment  and 
management  team.    Our  International  segment  was  formed,  among  other  reasons,  to  gain  efficiencies  by 
consolidating our international business into one unit. 

Earnings from operations for the South reportable segment decreased in 2017 by $0.5 million, or 1.1%, as the increase in 
gross profit of $3.9 million was more than offset by a $4.4 million increase in SG&A expenses compared to last year.  
Acquired operations contributed $3.5 million to our operating profits in 2017.  Our decline in profitability was due to 
customer attrition in our East Central and Southeast regions. 

Net sales attributable to the South reportable segment increased by 8.4% in 2016, primarily due to an increase in sales to 
our retail and manufactured housing customers, as a result of the same factors discussed under "Gross Sales". 

Earnings  from  operations  for  the  South  reportable  segment  increased  in  2016  by  $16.4  million,  or  53.4%,  due  to  an 
increase in gross profit of $17.9 million, offset by a $1.5 million increase in SG&A expenses compared to the prior year.   
Additionally, we achieved margin improvements primarily due to improvements in our sales mix of more value-added 
products and the closure of certain under-performing operations.  

West 

Market Classification 
Retail 
Industrial 
Construction 
Total Gross Sales 
Sales Allowances 
Total Net Sales 

Net Sales of West Segment by Market 
Twelve Months Ended 

  December 30,   December 31,   December 26,   % Change    

2017 

2015 

2016 
  $  439,667   $  382,117   $  322,215  
 458,202  
 366,483  
   1,146,900  
 (13,502) 
  $ 1,417,924   $ 1,251,093   $ 1,133,398   

 524,819  
 470,773  
   1,435,259  
 (17,335) 

 466,209  
 419,205  
   1,267,531  
 (16,438) 

% Change  
     2017 vs 2016       2016 vs 2015 
 18.6
 1.7
 14.4
 10.5
 21.7
 10.4

 15.1   
 12.6   
 12.3   
 13.2   
 5.5   
 13.3   

Net sales of the West reportable segment increased by $167 million, or 13.3%, in 2017, primarily due to the following 
factors: 

  Acquired  operations  contributed  $4.9  million,  $3.2  million,  and  $6.8  million  to  our  retail,  industrial,  and 

construction markets, respectively. 

  Higher lumber prices increased our selling prices. 

  Organic unit sales growth in each of our markets due to the factors discussed under “Gross Sales”. 

Earnings from operations for the West reportable segment increased in 2017 by $5.6 million, or 7.3%, due to an increase 
in gross profit of $12.1 million, offset by a $6.5 million increase in SG&A expenses compared to last year due to the 
same  factors  discussed  under  “Cost  of  Goods  Sold  and  Gross  Profit”  and  “Selling,  General,  and  Administrative 
Expenses.”  

14 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
    
    
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
UNIVERSAL FOREST PRODUCTS, INC. 
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF 
FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS 

Net sales of the West reportable segment increased by 10.4% in 2016, primarily due to an increase in sales to the retail 
and construction markets, as a result of the same factors discussed under "Gross Sales". Additionally, newly acquired 
businesses contributed $11.3 million in gross sales to the retail and construction markets in 2016. 

Earnings from operations for the West reportable segment increased in 2016 by $6.7 million, or 9.5%, due to an increase 
in gross profit of $15.1 million, offset by a $8.4 million increase in SG&A expenses compared to the prior year.  Our 
margins increased due to an improvement in our sales mix of value-added products.  

All Other 

Market Classification 
Retail 
Industrial 
Construction 
Total Gross Sales 
Sales Allowances 
Total Net Sales 

Net Sales of All Other Segment by Market 
Twelve Months Ended 

2015 

2017 

    December 30,  December 31,  December 26,  % Change    % Change 
     2017 vs 2016    2016 vs 2015
 15.9
 125.2
 (75.0)
 58.2
 52.1
 58.3

2016 
  $  176,043   $  127,294   $  109,818   
 69,282   
 12   
 179,112   
 (4,081) 
  $  552,232   $  277,112   $  175,031    

 38.3  
 144.1  
 9,533.3  
 96.7  
 (19.6) 
 99.3  

 380,892  
 289  
 557,224  
 (4,992) 

 156,022  
 3  
 283,319  
 (6,207) 

Note that prior years have been restated to reflect the reclassification of captive insurance external revenue from the sales allowances line item into the 
industrial market.  We believe these amounts to be immaterial to the financial statements. 

Our All Other reportable segment consists of our Alternative Materials, International, idX, and certain other segments 
which are not significant. 

Net sales of all other segments increased $275.1 million, or 99.3%, in 2017 primarily due to: 

  Acquired  operations,  including  idX,  contributed  $196  million  to  our  sales  growth  to  the  industrial  market.  
Additionally, the Mexico reporting unit of our international segment increased its sales to the industrial market. 

  Our  increase  in  sales  to  the  retail  market  was  due  to  the  transfer  of  our  import  and  export  business  into  our 

international segment. 

Earnings  from  operations for  the  All  Other  reportable  segment  increased  in  2017 by  $0.7  million, or  3.9%,  due  to an 
increase in gross profit of $46.5 million, offset by a $45.8 million increase in SG&A expenses compared to last year.  
Acquired operations increased earnings from operations by $1.7 million in 2017. 

Net sales of all other segments increased $102.1 million, or 58.3%, in 2016 primarily due to: 

  The idX acquisition on September 16, 2016, which contributed $87.0 million in sales to the industrial market. 

  An increase in sales by our Alternative Materials operations, primarily due to an increase in market share with 

certain Big Box retailers. 

Earnings from operations for the All Other reportable segment increased in 2016 by $13.6 million, or 448%, due to an 
increase  in gross  profit  of $23.9  million,  offset  by  a  $10.3  million  increase  in  SG&A expenses  compared  to  the  prior 

15 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
    
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
UNIVERSAL FOREST PRODUCTS, INC. 
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF 
FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS 

year.  The increase was primarily due to the idX acquisition’s contribution during the fourth quarter of 2016 and sales 
growth and operational improvements of our Alternative Materials operations and to a lesser extent the performance of 
our captive insurance subsidiary, Ardellis. 

OFF-BALANCE SHEET COMMITMENTS AND CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS 

We have no significant off-balance sheet commitments other than operating leases. The following table summarizes our 
contractual obligations as of December 30, 2017 (in thousands). 

Contractual Obligation 
Long-term debt and capital lease obligations 
Estimated interest on long-term debt and capital lease 
obligations 
Operating leases 
Capital project purchase obligations 
Total 

     Less than     
1 Year 

Payments Due by Period 
3 – 5 
Years 
  $  1,290   $ 62,575   $ 38,878    $ 43,260   $ 146,003

1 – 3 
Years 

     After 

5 Years 

Total 

 5,239  
   19,405  
 7,743  

 22,967
 73,924
 7,743
  $ 33,677   $ 93,890   $ 58,777    $ 64,293   $ 250,637

 6,174   
   13,725   
 —   

    3,393  
   17,640  
 —  

 8,161  
   23,154  
 —  

As of December 30, 2017, we also had $26.5 million in outstanding letters of credit issued during the normal course of 
business, as required by some vendor contracts. 

The table below presents, for the periods indicated, a summary of our cash flow statement (in thousands): 

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES 

  December 30,   December 31,  December 26,

Cash from operating activities 
Cash used in investing activities 
Cash from (used in) financing activities 
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash 
Net change in cash and cash equivalents 
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash, beginning of year 
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash, end of year 

2017 

2016 

 136,583      

 172,520      
      (137,659)      (227,657)    
 3,211      
 (1,927)    
 (53,853)    
 88,342      

2015 
 168,796
 (46,636)
 (33,002)
 (1,221)
 87,937
 405
  $  28,816    $  34,489    $  88,342

 (5,247)    
 650      
 (5,673)    
 34,489      

In  general,  we  financed  our  growth  in  the  past  through  a  combination  of  operating  cash  flows,  our  revolving  credit 
facility,  industrial  development  bonds  (when  circumstances  permit),  and  issuance of  long-term  notes  payable  at  times 
when interest rates are favorable. We have not issued equity to finance growth except in the case of a large acquisition. 
We manage our capital structure by attempting to maintain a targeted ratio of debt to equity and debt to earnings before 
interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization. We believe these financial ratios are among many other important factors 
to maintaining a strong credit profile, which in turn helps ensure timely access to capital when needed. 

Seasonality has a significant impact on our working capital due to our primary selling season which occurs during the 
period from March to August. Consequently, our working capital increases during our first and second quarter resulting 
in negative or modest cash flows from operations during those periods. Conversely, we experience a substantial decrease 
in working capital once we move beyond our peak selling season which typically results in significant cash flows from 
operations in our third and fourth quarters. 

16 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
    
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
 
UNIVERSAL FOREST PRODUCTS, INC. 
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF 
FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS 

Due to the seasonality of our business and the effects of the Lumber Market, we believe our cash cycle (days of sales 
outstanding  plus days  supply  of  inventory  less days  payables  outstanding)  is  a  good  indicator  of  our  working  capital 
management. As indicated in the table below, our cash cycle increased to 52 days in 2017 from 48 days in 2016. 

Days of sales outstanding 
Days supply of inventory 
Days payables outstanding 
Days in cash cycle 

Twelve Months Ended 

  December 30,  December 31,   December 26,

2017 

2016 

2015 

 31     
 41  
 (20) 
 52  

 31       
 38   
 (21) 
 48   

 31
 43
 (21)
 53

The increase in our days’ supply of inventory was due to idX as its business requires a higher investment in inventory 
due to the long project lead time of its customers. 

Our cash flows from operating activities in 2017 was $136.6 million, which was comprised of net earnings of $124.0 
million and $47.7 million of non-cash expenses, offset by a $35.1 million increase in working capital since the end of 
December 2016.  Comparatively,  cash  generated  from  operating  activities  was  approximately  $172.5  million  in  2016, 
which  was  comprised  of  net  earnings  of  $105.5  million,  $48.2  million  of  non-cash  expenses,  and  an  $18.8  million 
decrease in working capital since the end of 2015.  

Our cash used in investing activities during 2017 was $137.7 million, which was comprised primarily of purchases of 
property, plant, and equipment totaling $71.1 million and business acquisitions totaling $60.6 million.   The increase in 
our capital expenditures in 2017 is primarily due to the additional requirements of our recently acquired operations and 
an increase in our “expansionary and efficiency” capital expenditures tied to initiatives including new products, value-
added  product  capacity  expansion,  and  automation.  Outstanding  purchase  commitments  on  existing  capital  projects 
totaled approximately $7.7 million on December 30, 2017.  The sale and purchase of investments totaling $5.1 million 
and $13.5 million, respectively, are due to investment activity in our captive insurance subsidiary.  

In 2016, investments in business acquisitions comprised most of our cash used in investing activities and totaled $172.9 
million  (which  includes  $92.8  million  paid  to  retire  all  of  idX's  debt  and  certain  other  obligations  on  the  acquisition 
date). Purchases of property, plant, and equipment totaled $53.8 million. Outstanding purchase commitments on existing 
capital projects totaled approximately $10.1 million on December 31, 2016. 

Cash  flows  from  financing  activities  primarily  consisted  of  net  borrowings  under  our  revolving  credit  facility  of 
approximately  $35.6  million,  offset  by  $19.6  million  in  dividend  payments.    We  paid  a  dividend  in  June at  $0.15  per 
share and December at $0.17 per share  after considering the impact of our 3 for 1 stock split on November 14, 2017. 
Additionally,  we  had  approximately  $13.0  million  in  stock  repurchases.    Comparatively  in  2016,  cash  flows  from 
financing  activities  primarily  consisted  of  net  borrowings  under  our  revolving  credit  facility  of  approximately  $23.7 
million, offset by $17.7 million in dividend payments.  

On December 30, 2017, we had $59.4 million outstanding on our $295 million revolving credit facility. The revolving 
credit facility also supports letters of credit totaling approximately $9.8 million on December 30, 2017. As a result, we 
have  approximately  $226  million  in  remaining  availability  on  our  revolver.  Additionally,  we  have  $150  million  in 
availability  under  a  "shelf  agreement"  for  long  term  debt with  a  current  lender.  Financial  covenants  on  the  unsecured 
revolving  credit  facility  and  unsecured  notes  include  minimum  interest  tests  and  a  maximum  leverage  ratio.  The 
agreements  also  restrict  the  amount  of  additional  indebtedness  we  may  incur  and  the  amount  of  assets  which  may  be 
sold. We were in compliance with all our covenant requirements on December 30, 2017. 

17 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
UNIVERSAL FOREST PRODUCTS, INC. 
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF 
FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS 

ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS AND REGULATIONS 

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, Note M, “Commitments, Contingencies, and Guarantees”. 

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES 

In  preparing  our  consolidated  financial  statements,  we  follow  accounting  principles  generally  accepted  in  the  United 
States. These principles require us to make certain estimates and apply judgments that affect our financial position and 
results of operations. We continually review our accounting policies and financial information disclosures. Following is 
a summary of our more significant accounting policies that require the use of estimates and judgments in preparing the 
financial statements. 

ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE ALLOWANCES 

We  record  provisions  against  gross  revenues  for  estimated  returns  and  cash  discounts  in  the  period  when  the  related 
revenue is recorded. These estimates are based on factors that include, but are not limited to, historical discounts taken, 
analysis  of  credit  memorandums  activity,  and  customer  demand.  We  also  evaluate  the  allowance  for  uncollectible 
accounts receivable and discounts based on historical collection experience and specific identification of other potential 
problems, including the economic climate. Actual collections can differ, requiring adjustments to the allowances. 

LONG-LIVED ASSETS AND GOODWILL 

We evaluate long-lived assets for indicators of impairment when events or circumstances indicate that this risk may be 
present. Our judgments regarding the existence of impairment are based on market conditions, operational performance 
and estimated future cash flows. As a result of favorable factors in each of these areas combined with substantial excess 
equity value over carrying value from the prior year analysis, management has determined that the carryforward method 
is appropriate to use with the exception of the idX and Australian reporting units where a more in-depth analysis was 
completed.  The  discounted  cash  flow  analysis,  from  prior years,  uses  the  following  assumption:   a  business  is  worth 
today what it can generate in future cash flows; cash received today is worth more than an equal amount of cash received 
in  the  future;  and  future  cash  flows  can  be  reasonably  estimated.  The  discounted  cash  flow  analysis  is  based  on  the 
present value of projected cash flows and residual values. 

As our annual testing date of October 1, 2017, based on the carryforward method and the analysis, the fair values would 
exceed the carrying values for each of the Company’s reporting units. 

If  the  carrying  value  of  a  long-lived  asset  is  considered  impaired,  a  level  two  analysis  will  be  conducted  and  an 
impairment  charge  is  recorded  to  adjust  the  asset  to  its  fair  value.  Changes  in  forecasted  operations  and  changes  in 
discount  rates  can  materially  affect  these  estimates.  In  addition,  we  test  goodwill  annually  for  impairment  or  more 
frequently  if  changes  in  circumstances  or  the  occurrence  of  other  events  suggest  impairments  exist.  The  test  for 
impairment  requires  us  to  make  several  estimates  about  fair  value,  most  of  which  are  based  on  projected  future  cash 
flows and market valuation multiples. Changes in these estimates may result in the recognition of an impairment loss. 

INSURANCE RESERVES 

We are primarily self-insured for certain employee health benefits, and have self-funded retentions for general liability, 
automobile  liability,  property  and  workers’  compensation.  We  are  fully  self-insured  for  environmental  liabilities.  The 
general  liability,  automobile  liability,  property,  workers’  compensation,  and  certain  environmental  liabilities  are 
managed  through  a  wholly-owned  insurance  company;  the  related  assets  and  liabilities  of  which  are  included  in  the 

18 

UNIVERSAL FOREST PRODUCTS, INC. 
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF 
FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS 

consolidated financial statements as of December 30, 2017. Our accounting policies with respect to the reserves are as 
follows: 

  General  liability,  automobile,  and  workers’  compensation  reserves  are  accrued  based  on  third  party  actuarial 

valuations of the expected future liabilities. 

  Health benefits are self-insured up to our pre-determined stop loss limits. These reserves, including incurred but 
not  reported  claims,  are  based  on  internal  computations.  These  computations  consider  our  historical  claims 
experience, independent statistics, and trends. 

  The environmental reserve is based on known remediation activities at certain wood preservation facilities and 
the potential for undetected environmental matters at other sites. The reserve for known activities is based on 
expected  future  costs  and  is  computed  by  in-house  experts  responsible  for  managing  our  monitoring  and 
remediation activities. 

In  addition  to  providing  coverage  for  the  Company,  our  wholly-owned  insurance  company  provides  Excess  Loss 
Insurance  (primarily  medical  and  prescription  drug)  to  certain  third  parties.  As  of  December 30,  2017,  there  were  30 
such  contracts  in  place.  Reserves  associated  with  these  contracts  were  $3.4  million  at  December 30,  2017  and  $2.5 
million at December 31, 2016, and are accrued based on third party actuarial valuations of the expected future liabilities. 

On April 14, 2017 the U.S. Branch of Ardellis Insurance Ltd. was granted its Certificate of Authority to transact property 
and casualty insurance lines as an admitted carrier in the State of Michigan. 

INCOME TAXES 

Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are computed for differences between the financial statement and tax basis of 
assets and liabilities that will result in taxable or deductible amounts in the future. Such deferred income tax asset and 
liability computations are based on enacted tax laws and rates. Valuation allowances are established when necessary to 
reduce  deferred  income  tax  assets  to  the  amounts  expected  to  be  realized.  Income  tax  expense  is  the  tax  payable  or 
refundable for the period plus or minus the change during the period in deferred income tax assets and liabilities. 

Tax laws are complex and subject to different interpretations by taxpayers and respective government taxing authorities, 
which  results  in  judgment  in  determining  our  tax  expense  and  in  evaluating  our  tax  positions.  Our  tax  positions  are 
reviewed quarterly and adjusted as new information becomes available. 

REVENUE RECOGNITION 

Revenue for product sales is recognized at the time the product is shipped to the customer. Generally, title passes at the 
time  of  shipment.  In  certain  circumstances,  the  customer  takes  title  when  the  shipment  arrives  at  the  destination. 
However, our shipping process is typically completed the same day. 

Performance on construction contracts is reflected in operations using percentage-of-completion accounting, under either 
the  cost  to  cost  or  units  of  delivery  methods,  depending  on  the  nature  of  the  business  at  individual  operations. 
Under percentage-of-completion using the cost to cost method, revenues and related earnings on construction contracts 
are  measured  by  the  relationships  of  actual  costs  incurred  related  to  the  total  estimated  costs.  Under percentage-of-
completion using the units of delivery method, revenues and related earnings on construction contracts are measured by 
the  relationships  of  actual  units  produced  related  to  the  total  number  of  units  per  the  contract.  Revisions  in  earnings 
estimates  on  the  construction  contracts  are  recorded  in  the  accounting  period  in  which  the  basis  for  such  revisions 

19 

UNIVERSAL FOREST PRODUCTS, INC. 
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF 
FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS 

becomes  known.  Projected  losses  on  individual  contracts  are  charged  to  operations  in  their  entirety  when  such  losses 
become apparent. 

Our construction contracts are generally entered into with a fixed price and completion of the projects can range from 6 
to  18 months  in  duration.  Therefore,  our  operating  results  are  impacted  by,  among  many  other  things,  labor  rates  and 
commodity  costs.  During  the year,  we  update  our  estimated  costs  to  complete  our  projects  using  current  labor  and 
commodity costs and recognize losses to the extent that they exist. 

GOALS 

FORWARD OUTLOOK 

The  Company’s  goal  is  to  achieve  long-term  sales  growth  that  exceeds  positive  U.S.  GDP  growth  by  4 percent  to 
6 percent. 

Our general long-term objectives also include: 

  Achieving  sales  growth  primarily  through  new  product  introduction,  international  business  expansion,  and 
gaining additional market share, particularly in our core retail, industrial and commercial construction markets; 

 

 

Identifying new growth opportunities in businesses with adjacencies to our core businesses, primarily through 
strategic business acquisitions; 

Increasing  our  profitability  through  cost  reductions,  productivity  improvements  as  volume  improves,  and  a 
more favorable mix of value-added products; and 

  Earning a return on invested capital in excess of our weighted average cost of capital. 

RETAIL MARKET 

The  Home  Improvement  Research  Institute  (“HIRI”)  anticipates  growth  in  home  improvement  spending  and  has 
forecasted a 3.7% compounded annual growth rate through 2020. 

We  continue  to  compete  for  market  share  for  certain  retail  customers  and  face  intense  pricing  pressure  from  other 
suppliers to this market. 

Our long-term goal is to achieve sales growth by: 

 

Increasing  our  market  share  of  value-added  and  preservative-treated  products,  particularly  with  independent 
retail customers. 

  Developing new, value-added products, such as our Eovations product line. 

  Adding new products and customers through strategic business acquisitions or alliances. 

 

Increasing our emphasis on product innovation and product differentiation in order to counter commoditization 
trends and influences. 

20 

UNIVERSAL FOREST PRODUCTS, INC. 
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF 
FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS 

INDUSTRIAL MARKET 

Our goal is to increase our sales of wood and alternative packaging products to a wide variety of industrial and OEM 
users. We believe the vast amount of hardwood and softwood lumber consumed for industrial applications, combined 
with the highly fragmented nature of this market, provides us with growth opportunities as a result of our competitive 
advantages  in  manufacturing,  purchasing,  and  material  utilization.  We  plan  to  continue  to  obtain  market  share  by 
expanding  our  manufacturing  capacity  capabilities  and  product  offerings  and  increasing  the  size  of  our  dedicated 
industrial design and sales personnel. We also plan to pursue strategic acquisition opportunities. 

On  September 16,  2016,  we  acquired  idX.  See  Footnote  C  "Business  Combinations"  in  the  Notes to  Consolidated 
Financial Statements. We plan to pursue opportunities to grow this business in the future including strategic acquisition 
opportunities. 

CONSTRUCTION MARKET 

The National Association of Home Builders forecasts a 2% increase in manufactured home shipments in 2018 followed 
by a 6% increase in 2019. We currently supply approximately 40% of the trusses used in manufactured housing and we 
will strive to maintain our market share of trusses produced for this market. 

The  Mortgage  Bankers  Association  of  America  forecasts  a  7%  increase  in  national  housing  starts  to  an  estimated  1.4 
million  starts  in 2018.  The  National  Association  of Home  Builders  forecasts  starts  of 1.2  million,  a 3%  increase  from 
2017.  We  believe  we  are  well-positioned  to  capture  our  share  of  any  increase  that  may  occur  in  housing  starts  in  the 
regions  we  operate.  However,  due  to  our  conservative  approach  to  adding  capacity  to  serve  this  market  and  focus  on 
managing potential channel conflicts with certain customers, our growth may trail the market in future years. 

GROSS PROFIT 

We believe the following factors may impact our gross profits and margins in the future: 

  End market demand. 

  Our ability to maintain market share and gross margins on products sold to our largest customers. We believe 
our  level  of  service, geographic  diversity,  and quality  of products  provides  an  added value  to our  customers. 
However,  if  our  customers  are  unwilling  to  pay  for  these  advantages,  our  sales  and  gross  margins  may  be 
reduced. Excess capacity exists for suppliers in certain of our markets. As a result, we may experience pricing 
pressure in the future. 

  Sales mix of value-added and commodity products. 

  Fluctuations  in  the  relative  level  of  the  Lumber  Market  and  the  trend  in  the  market  place  of  lumber.  (See 

"Impact of the Lumber Market on our Operating Results.") 

  Fuel and transportation costs. 

  Rising labor and benefit costs. 

  Our  ability  to  continue  to  achieve  productivity  improvements  as  our  unit  sales  increase  and  planned  cost 

reductions through our continuous improvement, automation, and other initiatives. 

21 

UNIVERSAL FOREST PRODUCTS, INC. 
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF 
FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS 

SELLING, GENERAL, AND ADMINISTRATIVE EXPENSES 

In recent years, selling, general and administrative (SG&A) expenses have increased as we have added personnel needed 
to take advantage of growth opportunities and execute our initiatives designed to increase our sales of new products and 
improve our sales mix of value-added products. We anticipate our trend of increases in these costs will continue in 2018; 
however, our objective to reduce these costs as a percentage of sales (assuming lumber prices remain stable) as we grow 
as a result of fixed costs and through the improved productivity of our people. In addition, bonus and other incentive 
expenses for all salaried and sales employees is based on our profitability and the effective management of our assets 
and will continue to fluctuate based on our results. 

On a long-term basis, we expect that our SG&A expenses will primarily be impacted by: 

  Our growth in sales to the industrial market and the construction market. Our sales to these markets require a 

higher ratio of SG&A costs due, in part, to product design and engineering requirements. 

  Sales  of  new  products  which  generally  require  higher  development,  marketing,  advertising,  and  other  selling 

costs. 

  Our  incentive  compensation  programs  which  is  tied  to  gross  profits,  pre-bonus  earnings  from  operations  and 

return on investment. 

  Our growth and success in achieving continuous improvement objectives designed to improve our productivity 

and leveraging our fixed costs. 

INCOME TAXES 

We anticipate an additional 4.5% in our overall effective tax rate in 2018 from 2017 to approximately 25%, which is 
driven primarily by a reduction in the U.S. corporate federal tax rate from 35% to 21% as a result of the Tax Act.  

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES 

Our  cash  cycle  will  continue  to  be  impacted  in  the  future  by  our  mix  of  sales  by  market.  Sales  to  the  residential  and 
commercial construction and industrial markets require a greater investment in working capital (inventory and accounts 
receivable)  than  our  sales  to  the  retail  and  manufactured  housing  markets.  Additionally,  our  investment  in  trade 
receivables and inventory will continue to be impacted by the level of lumber prices. 

In January 2018, we sold real estate in Medley, Florida, and received $36 million of pretax proceeds and recognized a $7 
million pretax gain.  We are currently evaluating purchases of other real estate, including replacement capacity of our 
Medley plant, which will qualify as a like-kind exchange for U.S. tax purposes and allow us to defer the $25 million tax 
gain from the sale. 

Additionally,  management  expects  to  spend  approximately  $85  million  on  capital  expenditures,  incur  depreciation  of 
approximately $50 million, and incur amortization and other non-cash expenses of approximately $8 million in 2018.  

On December 30, 2017, we had outstanding purchase commitments on capital projects of approximately $8 million. We 
intend to fund capital expenditures and purchase commitments through our operating cash flows and availability under 
our revolving credit facility which is considered sufficient to meet these commitments and working capital needs. 

22 

UNIVERSAL FOREST PRODUCTS, INC. 
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF 
FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS 

We have no present plan to change our dividend policy, which was recently increased by 13% to a semi-annual rate of 
$0.17 per share. Our dividend rates are reviewed and approved at our April and October board meetings and payments 
are made in June and December of each year. 

We have a share repurchase program approved by our Board of Directors, and as of December 30, 2017, we 
have  authorization  to  buy  back  approximately  2.7  million  shares.  In  the  past,  we  have  repurchased  shares  in  order  to 
offset the effect of issuances resulting from our employee benefit plans and at opportune times when our stock price falls 
to predetermined levels. 

23 

 
 
Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting 

The  management  of  Universal  Forest  Products, Inc.  is  responsible  for  establishing  and  maintaining  adequate 
internal control over financial reporting. Our internal control system was designed to provide reasonable assurance to us 
and the Board of Directors regarding the preparation and fair presentation of published financial statements. 

All  internal  control  systems,  no  matter  how  well  designed,  have  inherent  limitations.  Therefore,  even  those 
systems determined to be effective can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement preparation 
and presentation. 

We assessed the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 30, 2017, based 
on the framework in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the 
Treadway Commission (2013 Framework)  (“COSO”). Based on that evaluation, management has concluded that as of 
December 30, 2017, our internal control over financial reporting was effective. 

The  effectiveness  of  the  Company’s  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  has  been  audited  by  Deloitte & 

Touche LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report, which follows our report. 

Universal Forest Products, Inc. 

February 28, 2018 

24 

 
 
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM  

To the shareholders and the Board of Directors of Universal Forest Products, Inc. 

Opinion on Internal Control over Financial Reporting 

We have audited the internal control over financial reporting of Universal Forest Products, Inc. and subsidiaries (the 
“Company”) as of December 30, 2017, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013) 
issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). In our opinion, the 
Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 30, 
2017, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013) issued by COSO. 

We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United 
States) (PCAOB), the consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 30, 2017, of the 
Company and our report dated February 28, 2018, expressed an unqualified opinion on those financial statements. 

Basis for Opinion  

The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its 
assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management’s 
Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the 
Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with 
the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal 
securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB. 

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and 
perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was 
maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial 
reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness 
of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the 
circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion. 

Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting 

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding 
the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with 
generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies 
and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the 
transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are 
recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting 
principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of 
management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely 
detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the 
financial statements. 

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. 
Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become 
inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may 
deteriorate. 

/s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP 

Grand Rapids, Michigan    
February 28, 2018 

25 

 
 
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM  

To the shareholders and the Board of Directors of Universal Forest Products, Inc. 

Opinion on the Financial Statements 

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Universal Forest Products, Inc. and subsidiaries (the 
"Company") as of December 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, the related consolidated statements of earnings and 
comprehensive income, shareholders' equity, and cash flows, for each of the three years in the period ended December 
30, 2017, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the "financial statements"). In our opinion, the financial 
statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 30, 2017 and 
December 31, 2016, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended 
December 30, 2017, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. 

We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United 
States) (PCAOB), the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 30, 2017, based on criteria 
established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations 
of the Treadway Commission and our report dated February 28, 2018, expressed an unqualified opinion on the 
Company's internal control over financial reporting. 

Basis for Opinion 

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an 
opinion on the Company's financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the 
PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities 
laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB. 

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and 
perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material 
misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material 
misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those 
risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the 
financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made 
by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits 
provide a reasonable basis for our opinion. 

/s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP 

Grand Rapids, Michigan   
February 28, 2018   

We have served as the Company's auditor since 2014. 

26 

 
 
 
 
UNIVERSAL FOREST PRODUCTS, INC. 
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS 

(in thousands, except share data) 

ASSETS 
CURRENT ASSETS: 

Cash and cash equivalents 
Investments 
Restricted cash  
Accounts receivable, net 
Inventories: 

Raw materials 
Finished goods 

Total inventories 

Refundable income taxes 
Other current assets 

TOTAL CURRENT ASSETS 

DEFERRED INCOME TAXES 
RESTRICTED INVESTMENTS 
OTHER ASSETS 
GOODWILL 
INDEFINITE-LIVED INTANGIBLE ASSETS 
OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET 
PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT: 
   Land and improvements 
   Building and improvements 
   Machinery and equipment 
   Furniture and fixtures 
   Construction in progress 

PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT,GROSS 

Less accumulated depreciation and amortization 
        PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT, NET 

TOTAL ASSETS 
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY 
CURRENT LIABILITIES: 

Cash overdraft 
Accounts payable 
Accrued liabilities: 

Compensation and benefits 
Other 

Current portion of long-term debt 

TOTAL CURRENT LIABILITIES 

LONG-TERM DEBT 
DEFERRED INCOME TAXES 
OTHER LIABILITIES 

TOTAL LIABILITIES 

SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY: 

Controlling interest shareholders’ equity: 

Preferred stock, no par value; shares authorized 1,000,000; issued and outstanding, none 
Common stock, $1 par value; shares authorized 80,000,000; issued and outstanding, 61,191,888 
and 61,026,207 
Additional paid-in capital 
Retained earnings 
Accumulated other comprehensive income 

Total controlling interest shareholders’ equity 

Noncontrolling interest 

TOTAL SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY 

December 30, 
2017 

December 31, 
2016 

      $ 

 28,339     $ 
 11,269    
 477    
 327,751    

 234,354    
 225,954    
 460,308    
 7,228    
 28,115    

 863,487  

 1,865    
 8,359  
 7,368    
 212,644    
 7,415    
 34,910    

 134,916  
 213,384  
 372,628  
 25,251  
 16,922  
 763,101    
 (434,472)    
 328,629  
 1,464,677  

$ 

 25,851     $ 

 140,106    

 97,556    
 38,404    
 1,329    
 303,246    
 144,674    
 14,079    
 28,655    
 490,654    

$ 

$ 

 34,091
 10,348
 398
 282,253

 198,954
 198,273
 397,227
 11,459
 20,662
 756,438
 1,546
 —
 8,617
 198,535
 2,340
 26,731

 124,316
 204,586
 332,397
 22,570
 15,593
 699,462
 (401,611)
 297,851
 1,292,058

 19,761
 124,660

 92,441
 32,281
 2,634
 271,777
 109,059
 20,817
 29,939
 431,592

$ 

 —     $ 

 —

 61,192    
 161,928    
 736,212    
 144    
 959,476    
 14,547    
 974,023    
 1,464,677     $ 

 61,026
 144,649
 649,135
 (5,630)
 849,180
 11,286
 860,466
 1,292,058

TOTAL LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY 

$ 

See notes to consolidated financial statements. 

27 

 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
       
     
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
  
  
 
 
  
  
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
  
  
 
 
  
  
 
 
  
  
 
 
  
  
 
 
  
  
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
  
  
 
 
  
  
 
 
  
  
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
  
  
 
 
  
  
 
 
  
  
 
 
  
  
 
 
  
  
 
 
  
  
 
 
  
  
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
  
  
 
 
  
  
 
 
  
  
 
 
  
  
 
 
  
  
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
UNIVERSAL FOREST PRODUCTS, INC. 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EARNINGS AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME 

(in thousands, except per share data) 

NET SALES 
COST OF GOODS SOLD 
GROSS PROFIT 
SELLING, GENERAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE EXPENSES 
NET (GAIN) LOSS ON DISPOSITION OF ASSETS 
EARNINGS FROM OPERATIONS 
INTEREST EXPENSE 
INTEREST INCOME 
EQUITY IN EARNINGS OF INVESTEE 

EARNINGS BEFORE INCOME TAXES 
INCOME TAXES 
NET EARNINGS 
LESS NET EARNINGS ATTRIBUTABLE TO NONCONTROLLING 
INTEREST 
NET EARNINGS ATTRIBUTABLE TO CONTROLLING INTEREST 

EARNINGS PER SHARE - BASIC 
EARNINGS PER SHARE - DILUTED 

December 30,   
2017 

Year Ended 
December 31,   
2016 

December 26, 
2015 

    $  3,941,182    $   3,240,493      $  2,887,071
 2,487,167
 399,904
 264,265
 172
 135,467
 5,133
 (294)
 (374)
 4,465
 131,002
 45,870
 85,132

 3,398,356        2,765,903   
 474,590   
 310,152   
 —   
 164,438   
 4,575   
 (541) 
 (267) 
 3,767   
 160,671   
 55,174   
 105,497   

 542,826      
 362,220      
 (863) 
 181,469      
 6,218      
 (731)     
 (25)     
 5,462      
 176,007      
 51,967      
 124,040      

 (4,528)     
 119,512    $ 

 (4,318) 
 101,179    $

 (4,537)
 80,595

 1.95    $ 
 1.94    $ 

 1.66    $
 1.65    $

 1.33
 1.33

  $

  $
  $

OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME: 
OTHER COMPREHENSIVE GAIN (LOSS) 
COMPREHENSIVE INCOME 
LESS COMPREHENSIVE INCOME ATTRIBUTABLE TO 
NONCONTROLLING INTEREST 
COMPREHENSIVE INCOME ATTRIBUTABLE TO CONTROLLING 
INTEREST 

 6,130      
 130,170      

 (2,703) 
 102,794   

 (7,257)
 77,875

 (4,884)     

 (2,660) 

 (3,213)

  $

 125,286    $ 

 100,134    $

 74,662

See notes to consolidated financial statements. 

28 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
    
     
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
UNIVERSAL FOREST PRODUCTS, INC. 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY 

(in thousands, except share and per share data) 

Balance at  December 27, 2014 
Net earnings 
Foreign currency translation adjustment 
Unrealized gain (loss) on investment 
Noncontrolling interest associated with business 
acquisitions 
Distributions to noncontrolling interest 
Purchases of noncontrolling interest 
Cash dividends - $0.133 & $0.140 per share - 
semiannually 
Issuance of 90,639 shares under employee stock plans 
Issuance of 226,812 shares under stock grant programs   
Issuance of 195,162 shares under deferred 
compensation plans 
Repurchase of 40,839 shares 
Tax benefits from non-qualified stock options exercised  
Expense associated with share-based compensation 
arrangements 
Accrued expense under deferred compensation plans 
Payments received on employee stock notes receivable   
Balance at December 26, 2015 
Net earnings 
Foreign currency translation adjustment 
Unrealized gain (loss) on investment 
Noncontrolling interest associated with business 
acquisitions 
Distributions to noncontrolling interest 
Net purchase and dissolution of noncontrolling interest   
Cash dividends - $0.140 & $0.150 per share - 
semiannually 
Issuance of 20,439 shares under employee stock plans 
Issuance of 407,271 shares under stock grant programs   
Issuance of 173,370 shares under deferred 
compensation plans 
Expense associated with share-based compensation 
arrangements 
Accrued expense under deferred compensation plans 
Balance at December 31, 2016 
Net earnings 
Foreign currency translation adjustment 
Unrealized gain (loss) on investment & foreign 
currency 
Distributions to noncontrolling interest 
Additional purchases of noncontrolling interest 
Net purchase and dissolution of noncontrolling interest   
Cash dividends - $0.150 & $0.170 per share - 
semiannually 
Issuance of 23,691 shares under employee stock plans 
Issuance of 428,622 shares under stock grant programs   
Issuance of 159,108 shares under deferred 
compensation plans 
Repurchase of 445,740 shares 
Expense associated with share-based compensation 
arrangements 
Accrued expense under deferred compensation plans 
Balance at December 30, 2017 

  $ 

  $ 

  $ 

Controlling Interest Shareholders’ Equity 

Accumulated   
Other 

  Employees   

Common 
Stock 
 59,952     $  122,515     $  502,334     $

Retained 
Earnings 

  $ 

Additional 
Paid-In 
Capital 

  Comprehensive 

Stock Notes    Noncontrolling 

Earnings 

     Receivable 

Interest 

Total 

 1,348     $

 (455)    $ 

 80,595  

 (5,892) 
 (41) 

 (16,507) 

 13,866     $
 4,537      
 (1,324)     

 1,019  
 (3,188) 
 (1,256) 

 —       

 91  
 227  

 195  
 (40) 

 984        
 1,685        

 (195)       
 26  
 370  

 1,846  
 4,048  

 (786)     

 304       

 60,425   $  131,279     $  565,636   $

 (4,585)    $

 101,179  

 151  
 —     $ 

 (1,316) 
 271  

 13,654     $
 4,318      
 (1,658)     

 —  
 (3,280) 
 (1,748) 

 (17,680) 

856        

 515        
 4,890        

 (173)       

 21  
 407  

 173  

 2,208  
 5,074  
 61,026   $  144,649     $  649,135   $

 119,512  

 24  
 429  

 159  
 (446) 

 (19,607) 

 637        
 5,769        

 (159)       
 297  

 (12,828) 

 3,618  
 7,117  
 61,192   $  161,928     $  736,212   $

 (5,630)    $

 —     $ 

 5,070  

 704  

 11,286     $
 4,528      
 356      

 (4,032) 
 2,409      
 —  

 144     $

 —     $ 

 14,547     $

 699,560
 85,132
 (7,216)
 (41)

 1,019
 (3,188)
 (1,256)

 (16,507)
 1,075
 1,912

 —
 (496)
 370

 1,846
 4,048
 151
 766,409
 105,497
 (2,974)
 271

 —
 (3,280)
 (892)

 (17,680)
 536
 5,297

 —

 2,208
 5,074
 860,466
 124,040
 5,426

 704
 (4,032)
 2,409
 —

 (19,607)
 661
 6,198

 —
 (12,977)

 3,618
 7,117
 974,023

See notes to consolidated financial statements 

29 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
     
    
    
    
     
    
 
   
       
     
  
    
 
 
  
 
   
       
       
      
 
 
  
 
   
       
       
      
 
    
  
    
 
 
   
       
       
     
 
     
      
 
 
   
       
       
     
 
     
      
 
 
   
       
       
     
 
     
 
 
   
       
     
  
    
 
    
  
    
 
 
  
 
     
 
       
       
     
  
 
     
 
       
       
     
 
  
 
     
 
       
       
     
 
  
 
 
 
     
    
 
   
     
 
    
  
    
 
    
  
    
 
 
   
     
 
    
  
    
 
    
  
    
 
 
   
     
  
    
  
    
  
    
   
    
  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
       
     
  
    
 
 
  
 
   
       
       
      
 
 
  
 
   
       
       
      
 
    
  
    
 
 
   
       
       
     
 
     
      
 
 
   
       
       
     
 
     
      
 
   
     
     
 
     
      
 
 
   
       
     
  
    
 
    
  
    
 
 
  
 
     
 
       
       
     
  
 
     
 
       
       
     
 
  
 
     
 
       
       
     
 
   
     
 
    
  
    
 
    
  
    
 
 
   
     
  
    
  
    
  
    
   
    
  
 
   
       
     
  
    
 
 
  
 
   
       
       
      
 
 
  
 
   
       
       
      
 
 
  
    
 
 
   
       
       
     
 
     
      
 
 
   
     
 
 
    
  
    
 
 
  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
       
     
  
    
 
    
  
    
 
 
  
 
     
 
       
       
     
  
 
     
 
       
       
     
 
  
 
     
 
       
       
     
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
   
 
 
 
   
     
 
    
  
    
 
    
  
    
 
 
   
     
 
    
  
    
 
    
  
    
 
 
UNIVERSAL FOREST PRODUCTS, INC. 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS 

  December 30,  

2017 

Year Ended 
December 31,  
2016 

December 26,
2015 

$

 124,040       $ 

 105,497      $

 85,132

(in thousands) 

CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES: 
Net earnings 
Adjustments to reconcile net earnings to net cash from operating activities: 

Depreciation 
Amortization of intangibles 
Expense associated with share-based and grant compensation arrangements 
Expense tax benefits from share-based compensation arrangements 
Deferred income taxes (credits) 
Equity in earnings of investee 
Net (gain) loss on disposition of assets 
Changes in: 

Accounts receivable 
Inventories 
Accounts payable and cash overdraft 
Accrued liabilities and other 

NET CASH FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES 
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES: 
Purchases of property, plant and equipment 
Proceeds from sale of property, plant and equipment 
Acquisitions, net of cash received 
Repayments of debt of acquiree 
Purchase and dissolution of remaining noncontrolling interest in subsidiary 
Advances of notes receivable 
Collections on notes receivable 
Purchases of investments 
Proceeds from sale of investments 
Other 

NET CASH USED IN INVESTING ACTIVITIES 
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES: 
Borrowings under revolving credit facilities 
Repayments under revolving credit facilities 
Borrowings of debt 
Repayment of debt 
Proceeds from issuance of common stock 
Dividends paid to shareholders 
Distributions to noncontrolling interest 
Repurchase of common stock 
Other 

NET CASH FROM (USED IN) FINANCING ACTIVITIES 

Effect of exchange rate changes on cash 
NET CHANGE IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS 
CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS, AND RESTRICTED CASH, BEGINNING OF YEAR 
CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS, AND RESTRICTED CASH, END OF PERIOD 

RECONCILIATION OF CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AND RESTRICTED CASH: 
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period 
Restricted cash, beginning of period 
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash, beginning of period 

Cash and cash equivalents, end of period 
Restricted cash, end of period 
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash, end of period 

SUPPLEMENTAL INFORMATION: 

Interest paid 
Income taxes paid 

NON-CASH INVESTING ACTIVITIES 
Notes receivable exchanged for property 
NON-CASH FINANCING ACTIVITIES: 
Common stock issued under deferred compensation plans 
Property exchanged for notes receivable 
Acquisition earnout and noncompete adjustment prior to final purchase accounting 

See notes to consolidated financial statements 

$

$

$

$

$

  $

$

30 

 48,536  
 4,860  
 3,805  
 —  
 (8,629) 
 (25) 
 (863) 

 (30,787) 
 (49,262) 
 21,159  
 23,749  
 136,583  

 (71,116) 
 2,919  
 (60,587) 
 —  
 —  
 (234) 
 1,509  
 (13,518) 
 5,103  
 (1,735) 
 (137,659) 

 758,287  
 (722,725) 
 8,525  
 (13,347) 
 660  
 (19,607) 
 (4,032) 
 (12,977) 
 (31) 
 (5,247) 
 650  
 (5,673) 
 34,489  
 28,816  

 34,091  
 398  
 34,489  

 28,339  
 477  
 28,816  

 6,020  
 56,663  

 —  

 5,116  
 —  
 —  

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

 40,823  
 2,795  
 2,335  
 —  
 2,464  
 (267) 
 —  

 (5,119) 
 (3,245) 
 11,259  
 15,978  
 172,520  

 (53,762) 
 3,126  
 (80,077) 
 (92,830) 
 (892) 
 (6,012) 
 7,899  
 (5,666) 
 2,568  
 (2,011) 
 (227,657) 

 131,002  
 (107,294) 
 —  
 —  
 536  
 (17,680) 
 (3,280) 
 —  
 (73) 
 3,211  
 (1,927) 
 (53,853) 
 88,342  
 34,489  

 87,756  
 586  
 88,342  

 34,091  
 398  
 34,489  

 4,550  
 57,311  

 —  

 4,353  
 —  
 —  

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

 37,710
 3,531
 1,955
 (33)
 (1,369)
 (374)
 172

 (26,007)
 34,139
 4,798
 29,142
 168,796

 (43,522)
 2,843
 (2,505)
 —
 (1,256)
 (6,994)
 11,446
 (7,858)
 1,115
 95
 (46,636)

 297,711
 (311,271)
 —
 —
 1,074
 (16,507)
 (3,188)
 (800)
 (21)
 (33,002)
 (1,221)
 87,937
 405
 88,342

 -
 405
 405

 87,756
 586
 88,342

 5,118
 42,767

 389

 3,461
 300
 14,195

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
     
    
 
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
    
  
  
    
  
  
    
  
  
   
 
 
    
  
  
    
  
  
    
  
  
   
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
    
  
  
 
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
    
  
  
 
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
    
  
  
 
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
    
  
  
 
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
UNIVERSAL FOREST PRODUCTS, INC. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

A. 

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES 

OPERATIONS 

We  design,  manufacture  and  market  wood  and  wood-alternative  products  for  large  home  centers  and  other 
retailers;  structural  lumber,  engineered  wood  components,  framing  services,  and  other  products  for  the  construction 
market;  specialty  wood  packaging,  components,  packing  materials,  and  other  wood-based  products  for  various 
industries; and design, manufacture, and install customized interior fixtures used in retail and commercial structures for 
various markets. 

PRINCIPLES OF CONSOLIDATION 

The consolidated financial statements include our accounts and those of our wholly-owned and majority-owned 
subsidiaries and partnerships. In addition, we consolidate any entity which we own 50% or more and exercise control. 
Intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated. 

NONCONTROLLING INTEREST IN SUBSIDIARIES 

Noncontrolling  interest  in  results  of  operations  of  consolidated  subsidiaries  represents  the  noncontrolling 
shareholders’ share of  the  income  or  loss of  various  consolidated  subsidiaries.  The noncontrolling  interest  reflects  the 
original investment by these noncontrolling shareholders combined with their proportional share of the earnings or losses 
of these subsidiaries, net of distributions paid. 

FISCAL YEAR 

Our fiscal year is a 52 or 53 week period, ending on the last Saturday of December. Unless otherwise stated, 
references  to  2017,  2016,  and  2015  relate  to  the  fiscal years  ended  December 30,  2017,  December 31,  2016,  and 
December 26,  2015,  respectively.  Fiscal year  2016  was  comprised  of  53  weeks,  which  contributed  an  additional  $60 
million in sales in 2016 compared to fiscal years 2017 and 2015, which were comprised of 52 weeks. 

FAIR VALUE DISCLOSURES OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS 

We follow ASC Topic 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures, which provides a consistent definition 
of fair value, focuses on exit price, prioritizes the use of market-based inputs over entity-specific inputs for measuring 
fair value and establishes a three-tier hierarchy for fair value measurements. This topic requires fair value measurements 
to be classified and disclosed in one of the following three categories: 

  Level 1 — Financial instruments with unadjusted, quoted prices listed on active market exchanges. 

  Level  2 —  Financial  instruments  lacking  unadjusted,  quoted  prices  from  active  market  exchanges,  including 
over-the-counter  traded  financial  instruments.  Financial  instrument  values  are  determined  using  prices  for 
recently traded financial instruments with similar underlying terms and direct or indirect observational inputs, 
such as interest rates and yield curves at commonly quoted intervals. 

  Level  3 —  Financial  instruments  not  actively  traded  on  a  market  exchange  and  there  is  little,  if  any,  market 

activity. Values are determined using significant unobservable inputs or valuation techniques. 

31 

 
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS 

Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash and highly-liquid investments purchased with an original maturity of 

three months or less. 

Restricted cash consists of amounts required to be held for loss funding totaling $0.5 million and $0.4 million 

as of December 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively. 

In  November  2016,  the  Financial  Accounting  Standards  Board  (FASB)  issued  Accounting  Standard  Update 
(ASU)  No.  2016-18,  “Statement  of  Cash  Flows  (Topic  230)”  (ASU  2016-18).  Under  ASU  2016-18,  an  entity  will  be 
required to explain changes in the statement of cash flows during the period in the total of cash, cash equivalents, and 
amounts generally described as restricted cash or restricted cash equivalents.  Therefore, amounts generally described as 
restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents should be included with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the 
beginning-of-period  and  end-of-period  total  amounts  shown  on  the  statement  of  cash  flows.  The  amendments  in  this 
update  should  be  applied  using  retrospective  transition  method  to  each  period  presented.  Companies  are  required  to 
adopt the new standard for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017. Early adoption of ASU 2016-18 is permitted, 
including adoption in an interim period. The Company has early adopted this standard during the first quarter of 2017. 

INVESTMENTS 

Investments are deemed to be "available for sale" and are, accordingly, carried at fair value being the quoted 
market  value.  Unrealized  investment  gains  or  losses,  net  of  deferred  taxes,  are  reported  as  a  separate  component  of 
comprehensive income or loss until sold. 

ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE AND ALLOWANCES 

We  perform  periodic  credit  evaluations  of  our  customers  and  generally  do  not  require  collateral.  Accounts 
receivable  are  due  under  a  range  of  terms  we  offer  to  our  customers.  Discounts  are  offered,  in  most  instances,  as  an 
incentive for early payment. 

We base our allowances related to receivables on historical credit and collections experience, and the specific 
identification  of  other  potential  problems,  including  the  general  economic  climate.  Actual  collections  can  differ, 
requiring adjustments to the allowances. Individual accounts receivable balances are evaluated on a monthly basis, and 
those balances considered uncollectible are charged to the allowance. 

The following table presents the activity in our accounts receivable allowances (in thousands): 

     Additions       
  Charged to  
  Beginning  Costs and  
  Ending 
  Balance   Expenses    Deductions*   Balance

Year Ended December 30,2017: 

Allowance for possible losses on accounts receivable 

  $ 2,845   $ 28,102    $  (28,523)  $ 2,424

Year Ended December 31, 2016: 

Allowance for possible losses on accounts receivable 

  $ 2,672   $ 28,405    $  (28,232)  $ 2,845

Year Ended December 26, 2015: 

Allowance for possible losses on accounts receivable 

  $ 2,390   $ 20,538    $  (20,256)  $ 2,672

* 

Includes accounts charged off, discounts given to customers and actual customer returns and allowances. 

We record estimated sales returns, discounts, and other applicable adjustments as a reduction of net sales in the 

same period revenue is recognized. 

32 

 
 
 
 
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
       
        
       
  
 
 
    
 
     
  
    
 
  
 
 
    
 
     
  
    
 
  
 
Accounts receivable retainage amounts related to long term construction contracts totaled $4.8 million and $6.0 
million as of December 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively. All amounts are expected to be collected within 
18 months. Concentration of accounts receivable related to our largest customer totaled $55.9 million and $34.0 million 
as of December 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively. 

INVENTORIES 

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or market. The cost of inventories includes raw materials, direct labor, 
and  manufacturing  overhead.  Cost  is  determined  on  a  weighted  average  basis.  Raw  materials  consist  primarily  of 
unfinished wood products expected to be manufactured or treated prior to sale, while finished goods represent various 
manufactured and treated wood products ready for sale. We have inventory on consignment at customer locations valued 
at $14.8 million as of December 30, 2017 and $12.2 million as of December 31, 2016.  

PROPERTY, PLANT, AND EQUIPMENT 

Property, plant, and equipment are stated at cost. Expenditures for renewals and betterments are capitalized, and 
maintenance  and  repairs  are  expensed  as  incurred.  Amortization  of  assets  held  under  capital  leases  is  included  in 
depreciation  and  amortized over  the  shorter  of  the  estimated  useful  life  of  the  asset  or  the  lease  term.  Depreciation  is 
computed principally by the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets as follows: 

Land improvements 
Buildings and improvements 
Machinery, equipment and office furniture 

LONG-LIVED ASSETS 

      5 to 15 years
   10 to 32 years
2 to 8 years

In  accordance  with  ASC  360,  Property,  Plant,  and  Equipment  (“ASC  360”),  when  an  indicator  of  potential 
impairment exists, we evaluate the recoverability of our long-lived assets by determining whether unamortized balances 
could be recovered through undiscounted future operating cash flows over the remaining lives of the assets. If the sum of 
the expected future cash flows was less than the carrying value of the assets, an impairment loss would be recognized for 
the excess of the carrying value over the fair value. 

LEASES 

In  February 2016,  the  Financial  Accounting  Standards  Board  (FASB)  issued  Accounting  Standard  Update 
(ASU) No. 2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842)” (ASU 2016-02). Under ASU 2016-02, an entity will be required to recognize 
assets and liabilities for the rights and obligations created by leases on the entity’s balance sheet for both finance and 
operating leases. For leases with a term of 12 months or less, an entity can elect to not recognize lease assets and lease 
liabilities  and  expense  the  lease  over  a  straight-line  basis  for  the  term  of  the  lease.  ASU  2016-02  will  require  new 
disclosures that depict the amount, timing, and uncertainty of cash flows pertaining to an entity’s leases. Companies are 
required to adopt the new standard for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2018. Early adoption of 
ASU 2016-02 is permitted. The FASB has tentatively decided to amend certain aspects of its new leasing standard in an 
attempt to provide a relief from implementation costs.  Specifically, entities may elect not to restate their comparative 
periods in the period of adoption when transitioning to the new standard.  The Company plans to continue to evaluate the 
effect of the new leasing guidance in 2018; therefore, the quantitative impact has not yet been determined however the 
Company anticipates only a balance sheet impact. 

GOODWILL 

Our annual testing date for evaluating goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible asset impairment is the first day 
of  the  Company’s  fourth  fiscal  quarter  for  all  reporting  units.  Additionally,  the  Company  reviews  various  triggering 
events throughout the year to ensure that a mid-year impairment analysis is not required. 

33 

 
 
 
  
 
FOREIGN CURRENCY 

Our foreign operations use the local currency as their functional currency. Accordingly, assets and liabilities are 
translated  at  exchange  rates  as  of  the  balance  sheet  date  and  revenues  and  expenses  are  translated  using  weighted 
average rates, with translation adjustments included as a separate component of shareholders’ equity. Gains and losses 
arising from re-measuring foreign currency transactions are included in earnings. 

INSURANCE RESERVES 

Our wholly-owned insurance company, Ardellis Insurance Ltd.(“Ardellis”), was incorporated on April 21, 2001 
under the laws of Bermuda and is licensed as a Class 3A insurer under the Insurance Act 1978 of Bermuda.  On April 
14,  2017  the  U.S.  Branch  of  Ardellis  Insurance  Ltd.  was  granted  its  Certificate  of  Authority  to  transact  property  and 
casualty insurance lines as an admitted carrier in the State of Michigan. 

We are primarily self-insured for certain employee health benefits, and have self-funded retentions for general 
liability,  automobile  liability,  property  and  workers’  compensation.  We  are  fully  self-insured  for  environmental 
liabilities.  The  general  liability,  automobile  liability,  property,  workers’  compensation,  and  certain  environmental 
liabilities  are  managed  through  Ardellis;  the  related  assets  and  liabilities  of  which  are  included  in  the  consolidated 
financial  statements  as  of  December 30,  2017  and  December 31,  2016.  Our  policy  is  to  accrue  amounts  equal  to 
actuarially  determined  or  internally  computed  liabilities.  The  actuarial  and  internal  valuations  are  based  on  historical 
information  along  with  certain  assumptions  about  future  events.  Changes  in  assumptions  for  such  matters  as  legal 
actions, medical cost trends, and changes in claims experience could cause these estimates to change in the future. 

In addition to providing coverage for the Company, Ardellis provides Excess Loss Insurance (primarily medical 
and  prescription  drug)  to  certain  third  parties.  As  of  December 30,  2017,  Ardellis  had  30  such  contracts  in  place. 
Reserves  associated  with  these  contracts  were  $3.4  million  at  December 30,  2017  and  $2.5  million  at  December 31, 
2016, and are accrued based on third party actuarial valuations of the expected future liabilities. 

INCOME TAXES 

Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are computed for differences between the financial statement and tax 
basis  of  assets  and  liabilities  that  will  result  in  taxable  or  deductible  amounts  in  the future.  Such  deferred  income  tax 
asset  and  liability  computations  are  based  on  enacted  tax  laws  and  rates.  Valuation  allowances  are  established  when 
necessary  to  reduce deferred  income  tax assets  to  the  amounts  expected  to  be  realized.  Income  tax  expense  is  the  tax 
payable  or  refundable  for  the  period  plus  or  minus  the  change  during  the  period  in  deferred  income  tax  assets  and 
liabilities. 

REVENUE RECOGNITION 

On May 28, 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09 (Accounting Standard Codification 606), Revenue from Contracts 
with Customers, which will replace most existing revenue recognition guidance in U.S. GAAP. The core principle of the 
ASU is that an entity should recognize revenue for the transfer of goods or services equal to the amount that it expects to 
be  entitled  to  receive  for  those  goods  or  services.  The  ASU  requires  additional  disclosure  about  the  nature,  amount, 
timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from customer contracts, including significant judgments and 
changes in judgments. The Company is currently finalizing its evaluation of the impact of adopting this new guidance, 
which  is  not  expected  to  materially  impact  the  Company's  financial  condition  or  results  of  operations.  The  five-step 
model has been applied to existing contracts with customers, and based upon this review, the Company does not expect 
the  adoption  of  ASU  2014-09  to  have  a  material  quantitative  impact  on  its  consolidated  financial  statements,  as  the 
timing of revenue recognition for product sales will continue to occur at the point of shipment. Other types of revenue, 
such  as  installation  and  framing,  which  are  immaterial  to  our  total  revenue,  will  continue  to  be  recognized  over  the 
appropriate period of time.  As required by the standard, the Company expects to make additional disclosures related to 
the nature, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers. The Company will 
adopt this standard in the first quarter of fiscal year 2018 using the modified retrospective. 

34 

Revenue is recognized at the time the product is shipped to the customer. Generally, title passes at the time of 
shipment. In certain circumstances, the customer takes title when the shipment arrives at the destination. However, our 
shipping process is typically completed the same day. 

Earnings on construction contracts are reflected in operations using percentage-of-completion accounting, under 
either  the  cost  to  cost  or  units  of  delivery  methods,  depending  on  the  nature  of  the  business  at  individual  operations. 
Under percentage-of-completion using the cost to cost method, revenues and related earnings on construction contracts 
are  measured  by  the  relationships  of  actual  costs  incurred  related  to  the  total  estimated  costs.  Under percentage-of-
completion using the units of delivery method, revenues and related earnings on construction contracts are measured by 
the  relationships  of  actual  units  produced  related  to  the  total  number  of  units.  Revisions  in  earnings  estimates  on  the 
construction  contracts  are  recorded  in  the  accounting  period  in  which  the  basis  for  such  revisions  becomes  known. 
Projected losses on individual contracts are charged to operations in their entirety when such losses become apparent. 

Our construction contracts are generally entered into with a fixed price and completion of the projects can range 
from 6 to 18 months in duration. Therefore, our operating results are impacted by, among many other things, labor rates 
and commodity costs. During the year, we update our estimated costs to complete our projects using current labor and 
commodity costs and recognized losses to the extent that they exist. 

The  following  table  presents  the  balances  of percentage-of-completion  accounts  on  December 30,  2017  and 

December 31, 2016 which are included in other current assets and other accrued liabilities, respectively (in thousands): 

Cost and Earnings in Excess of Billings 
Billings in Excess of Cost and Earnings 

SHIPPING AND HANDLING OF PRODUCT 

December 30,   
2017 

December 31,
2016 

     $ 

 5,005       $
 4,435    

 2,573
 4,748

Shipping  and  handling  costs  that  are  charged  to  and  reimbursed  by  the  customer  are  recognized  as  revenue. 

Costs incurred related to the shipment and handling of products are classified in cost of goods sold. 

EARNINGS PER SHARE 

The computation of earnings per share (“EPS”) is as follows (in thousands), which incorporate the retroactive 

effect of the Company’s 3 for 1 stock split: 

Numerator: 

     December 30,      December 31,      December 26,

2017 

2016 

2015 

Net earnings attributable to controlling interest 
Adjustment for earnings allocated to non-vested restricted common stock   
Net earnings for calculating EPS 

 (2,225)  

  $  117,287   $ 

  $  119,512   $   101,179    $

Denominator: 

Weighted average shares outstanding 
Adjustment for non-vested restricted common stock 
Shares for calculating basic EPS 
Effect of dilutive stock options 
Shares for calculating diluted EPS 

Net earnings per share: 

Basic 
Diluted 

 (1,595) 
 99,584    $

 61,089   
 (963) 
 60,126   
 99   
 60,225   

 80,595
 (1,059)
 79,536

 60,552
 (795)
 59,757
 108
 59,865

 61,416  
 (1,143)  
 60,273  
 90  
 60,363  

  $
  $

 1.95   $ 
 1.94   $ 

 1.66    $
 1.65    $

 1.33
 1.33

35 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
     
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
       
        
  
 
  
 
 
 
    
  
     
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
    
  
     
 
  
 
No options were excluded from the computation of diluted EPS for 2017, 2016, or 2015. 

USE OF ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES 

The  preparation  of  financial  statements  in  conformity  with  accounting  principles  generally  accepted  in  the 
United States requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and 
disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements as well as the reported amounts of 
revenues and expenses during the reporting period. We believe our estimates to be reasonable; however, actual results 
could differ from these estimates. 

B. 

FAIR VALUE 

We  apply  the  provisions  of  ASC  820,  Fair  Value  Measurements  and  Disclosures,  to  assets  and  liabilities 

measured at fair value. Assets and liabilities measured at fair value are as follows: 

(in thousands) 
Money market funds 
Fixed income funds 
Equity securities 
Mutual funds: 

Domestic stock funds 
International stock funds 
Target funds 
Bond funds 

Total mutual funds 
Total  

Assets at fair value 

Quoted 
Prices in 
Active 
  Markets 
(Level 1) 

December 30, 2017 
Prices with   
Other 

  Observable  

Inputs 
(Level 2) 

  $ 

 64     $

 1,182  
 10,710  

 3,071     $
 6,974     
 —     

Quoted 
Prices in 
Active 
Markets 
(Level 1) 

December 31, 2016 
Prices with   
Other 

  Observable   

Inputs 
(Level 2) 

 64      $ 
 1,676       
 5,609       

 178      $

 2,592   
 —   

Total 

 242
 4,268
 5,609

Total 
 3,135    $
 8,156  
 10,710  

 367  
 91  
 270  
 209  
 937  

 —     
 —     
 —     
 —     
 —     

 367  
 91  
 270  
 209  
 937  

  $ 
 $ 

 12,893   $  10,045   $  22,938   $
 12,893   $  10,045    $  22,938   $

 760       
 72       
 235       
 201       
 1,268       
 8,617    $ 
 8,617     $ 

 —   
 —   
 —   
 —   
 —   

 760
 72
 235
 201
 1,268
 2,770    $  11,387
 2,770    $  11,387

We  maintain  money  market,  mutual  funds,  bonds,  and/or  stocks  in  our  non-qualified  deferred  compensation 
plan and our wholly owned licensed captive insurance company. These funds are valued at prices quoted in an active 
exchange market and are included in "Cash and Cash Equivalents", "Investments", and "Other Assets". We have elected 
not to apply the fair value option under ASC 825, Financial Instruments, to any of our financial instruments except for 
those expressly required by U.S. GAAP. 

The  valuations  of  the  Level  2  assets  or  liabilities  rely  on  quoted  prices  in  markets  that  are  not  active  or 

observable inputs over the full term of the asset or liability.  

We do not maintain any Level 3 assets or liabilities that would be based on significant unobservable inputs. 

During  2017, our  wholly-owned  captive,  Ardellis  Insurance Ltd.  (“Ardellis”) transferred $4.1  million  in  fixed  income 
securities  from  its  Investment  Account  and  purchased  an  additional  $4.1  million  in  fixed  income  securities  which  are 
held in a newly formed collateral trust account in line with regulatory requirements in the State of Michigan to allow 
Ardellis to act as an admitted carrier in the State.  These funds are intended to safeguard the insureds of the Michigan 
Branch of Ardellis.  The funds are classified as “Restricted Investments”. 

36 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
    
    
    
     
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
   
       
      
      
      
       
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
In  accordance  with  our  investment  policy,  our  wholly-owned  company,  Ardellis  Insurance Ltd.  ("Ardellis"), 
maintains an investment portfolio, totaling $18.9 million as of December 30, 2017, consisting of mutual funds, domestic 
and international stocks, and fixed income bonds. 

Ardellis’ available for sale investment portfolio consists of the following: 

Fixed Income 
Equity 
Mutual Funds 
Total 

December 30,2017 
  Unrealized  
     Gain/(Loss)     Fair Value      Cost 

Cost 
  $  8,170    $
 9,185  
 —  

 (14)   $  8,156   $  4,310      $ 

 1,524       10,709  
 —  

 —     

   5,181   
 481   

  $ 17,355   $  1,510    $ 18,865   $  9,972    $ 

December 31,2016 
  Unrealized  
     Gain/(Loss)     Fair Value
 (43)   $  4,267
 5,609
 428     
 472
 (9)    
 376    $ 10,348

Our  Fixed  Income  investments  consist  of  short,  intermediate,  and  long  term  bonds,  as  well  as  fixed  blend 
bonds. Within the fixed income investments, we maintain a specific mixture of US treasury notes, US agency mortgage 
backed  securities,  private  label  mortgage  backed  securities,  and  various  corporate  securities.  Our  equity  investments 
consist of small, mid, and large cap growth and value funds, as well as international equity. The net pre-tax unrealized 
gain  was  $1.5  million.  Carrying  amounts  above  are  recorded  in  the  investments  and  restricted  investments  line  items 
within the balance sheet as of December 30, 2017. During 2017, Ardellis reported a net realized gain of $256 thousand 
which was recorded in interest income on the statement of earnings. 

C. 

BUSINESS COMBINATIONS 

We completed the following business combinations in fiscal 2017 and 2016, which were accounted for using 

the purchase method (in thousands). 

Company 
Name 

Silverwater Box 

Acquisition  
Date 

October 16, 2017 

Purchase Price 
$931 
cash paid for 100% asset 
purchase 

$

Net  

Intangible  
Assets 

Tangible   Operating
Segment

Assets 

 909  $ 

 22 All Other

A manufacturer and distributor of total packaging solutions in timber, plastic, steel, fiberglass, 
and cardboard.  Silverwater Box has annual sales of approximately $2.8 million.  The 
acquisition of Silverwater Box allows us to make progress on our goal of becoming a global 
provider of packaging solutions. 

May 26, 2017 

$5,042 
cash paid for 100% asset 
purchase 

$

 4,880  $ 

 162

South 

Go Boy Pallets, LLC ("Go Boy")  A manufacturer and distributor of industrial pallets and packaging in Georgia and North 

Carolina.  Go Boy has annual sales of approximately $8 million.  The acquisition of Go Boy 
enabled us to expand our industrial packaging product offering and lumber sourcing in this 
region. 

March 6, 2017 

$31,818 
cash paid for 100% asset 
purchase 

$

 7,653  $ 

 24,165

South 

Robbins Manufacturing Co. 
("Robbins") 

A manufacturer of treated wood products with facilities in Florida, Georgia, and North 
Carolina.  Robbins has annual sales of approximately $86 million.  The acquisition of Robbins 
allowed us to expand our presence in this region and serve customers more cost effectively.   

37 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
Company 
Name 

Acquisition  
Date 

March 6, 2017 

Purchase Price 
$22,789 
cash paid for 100% asset 
purchase 

$

Net  

Intangible  
Assets 

Tangible   Operating
Segment

Assets 

 14,341  $ 

 8,448 North 

Quality Hardwood Sales, LLC 
("Quality") 

A manufacturer and supplier of hardwood products, including components of cabinets used in 
homes and recreational vehicles.  Quality has annual sales of approximately $30 million.  The 
acquisition of Quality enabled us to expand our product offering to include hardwood-based 
products. 

The UBEECO Group Pty. Ltd. 
("Ubeeco") 

November 29, 2016

$9,449 
cash paid for 100% stock 
purchase 

$

 8,553  $ 

 896 All Other

A manufacturer and distributor of a variety of wood packaging and alternative material 
products, including boxes, crates, pallets, skids, protective packaging, packaging accessories 
and loose lumber. Ubeeco has annual sales of approximately $20 million.  The acquisition of 
Ubeeco allows us to make progress on our goal of becoming a global provider of packaging 
solutions. 

September 16, 2016

$66,691 
cash paid for 100% stock 
purchase which includes 
$11,337 in net cash 
received. Also, paid 
$86,294 to retire 
outstanding debt and 
$6,536 of certain other 
obligations. 

$

 17,455  $ 

 49,236 All Other

A designer, manufacturer, and installer of customized interior fixtures and related products 
used in a variety of commercial structures.  idX had annual sales of $300 million.  The 
acquisition of idX enables us to enhance our design, product and service offering to become a 
tier 1 supplier of interior fixtures to retail customers, and continue to use idX's capabilities to 
continue to develop new markets for growth.  Our goal is to achieve long-term synergies, 
including: 

idX Holdings, Inc. ("idX") 

a. Eliminating redundant administrative support costs. 

b.

c.

d.

e.

Using the scale advantage of the Company to reduce material costs of 
common raw materials. 
Utilizing manufacturing capacity of certain existing locations to supply 
idX. 
Utilizing idX’s international footprint to identify sourcing opportunities 
for certain products. 
Cross selling one another’s products and services with our respective 
customers. 

f. Collaborating on new product development. 

July 29, 2016 

$1,246 
cash paid for asset 
purchase 

$

 405  $ 

 841 North 

Seven D Truss, L.P. 

A manufacturer and distributor of roof and floor trusses. 7D had annual sales of approximately 
$4.0 million.  The acquisition of 7D gave us the opportunity to consolidate operations with our 
Gordon, Pennsylvania location. 

June 30, 2016 

$10,787 
cash paid for 100% stock 
purchase plus $500 
holdback. 

$

 6,817  $ 

 4,248 West 

Idaho Western, Inc. ("IWI") 

A supplier of products ranging from lumber and plywood to siding and doors. IWI had annual 
sales of approximately $21 million.  The acquisition of IWI allowed us to expand our presence 
in Boise, Idaho and consolidate with our Rapid Wood operations. 

38 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
Company 
Name 

Acquisition  
Date 

November 24, 2014
(majority interest)
April 15, 2016 
(minority interest) 

Purchase Price 
$7,506 
November 24, 2014 
 cash paid for controlling 
interest and  
$1,877 
cash paid for 
noncontrolling asset 
purchase 

Net  

Intangible  
Assets 

Tangible   Operating
Segment

Assets 

$

 7,885  $ 

 1,498 West 

Packnet Ltd ("Packnet") 

A supplier of industrial packaging and services based in Eagan, MN. Packnet had annual sales 
of $9.6 million.  The acquisition of Packnet gave us the opportunity to expand our presence in 
the region. 

April 15, 2016 

$1,682 
cash paid for asset 
purchase plus 
$205 
assumed liability 

$

 —  $ 

 1,887 North 

Capital Components & Millwork, Inc. 
("CCM") 

A producer of doors and trim for customers in the greater Washington, D.C., metro area and 
Virginia. CCM had approximately $16.6 million in annual sales.  The acquisition of CCM 
allowed us to expand our product offering in the Washington, D.C. area. 

The intangible assets for each acquisition were finalized and allocated to their respective identifiable intangible 

asset and goodwill accounts during 2017, excluding Silverwater Box.  

At  December 30,  2017,  the  amounts  assigned  to  major  intangible  classes  for  the  business  combinations 

mentioned above are as follows (in thousands): 

Silverwater Box 
Go Boy 
Robbins 
Quality 
Ubeeco 
idX 
7D 
IWI 

Tax 

Customer 

 —   $

 —   $ 

     Goodwill -

Non- 
  Compete   
  Agreements  Relationships  Tradename   Goodwill   Deductible
 —
  $
 4,880
 7,653
 14,341
 —
 —
 405
 —

 909   $
 —  
 3,113  
 7,391  
 3,948  
 4,500      10,325  
 —  
 1,070       3,177  

 4,655  
 3,530  
 5,720  
 3,847  
 —  
 —  
 2,570  

 225  
 560  
 830  
 183  
 2,630  
 405  
 —  

 —   $
 —    
 450    
 400    
 575    

 —     

The  business  combinations  mentioned  above  were  not  significant  to  our  operating  results  individually  or  in 

aggregate, and thus pro forma results for 2017 and 2016 are not presented.  

E. 

GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS 

Goodwill  represents  the  excess  of  the  purchase  price  over  the  fair  value  of  net  tangible  and  identifiable 
intangible  assets  of  acquired  businesses.  Goodwill  and  intangible  assets  deemed  to  have  indefinite  lives  are  not 
amortized, but are subject to impairment tests at least annually in accordance with ASC 350, Intangibles-Goodwill and 
Other. We review the carrying amounts of goodwill and other non-amortizable intangibles by reporting unit to determine 

39 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
    
     
 
       
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
if  such  assets may  be  impaired. As  the  carrying  amount  of  these  assets are  recoverable  based upon a  discounted  cash 
flow and market approach analysis, no impairment was recognized. 

The  changes  in  the  net  carrying  amount  of  goodwill  by  reporting  segment  for  the years  ended  December 30, 

2017 and December 31, 2016, are as follows (in thousands): 

Balance as of December 26, 2015 
2016 Acquisitions 
Foreign Exchange, Net 
Balance as of December 31, 2016 
2017 Acquisitions 
Foreign Exchange, Net 
Balance as of December 30, 2017 

Total 

North 

   West 

   All Other

 —     
 —     

South 
      43,253       43,625       84,553      

 —     
 133     

 3,177        14,329     
 (94)    

 9,559       180,990
 17,506
 39
      43,386       43,625       87,730        23,794       198,535
 11,413
 2,696
  $ 51,127    $ 46,738   $ 87,730    $  27,049   $ 212,644

 3,113     
 —     

 7,391     
 350     

 909     
 2,346     

 —      
 —      

 —      

Indefinite-lived  intangible  assets  totaled  $7.4  million  and  $2.3  million  as  of  December 30,  2017  and 
December 31, 2016 related to the idX, International, and Consumer Products reporting units which is included in the All 
Other reportable segment. 

The following amounts were included in other amortizable intangible assets, net as of December 30, 2017 and 

December 31, 2016 (in thousands): 

Non-compete agreements 
Customer relationships 
Licensing agreements 
Patents 
Tradename 
Total 

Assets 

Assets 

2017 
    Accumulated       
  Amortization 

2016 
    Accumulated
  Amortization
  $  9,841   $  (4,208)  $  5,411    $  (1,954)
 (4,351)
 (2,991)
 (180)
 —
  $ 49,272   $  (14,362)  $ 36,207    $  (9,476)

   25,503   
 4,589   
 704   
 —   

   31,630  
 4,589  
 792  
 2,420  

 (5,986) 
 (3,450) 
 (254) 
 (464) 

Amortization  is  computed  principally  by  the  straight-line  method  over  the  estimated  useful  lives  of  the 

intangible assets as follows: 

Intangible Asset Type 
Non-compete agreements 
Customer relationship 
Licensing agreements 
Tradename (amortizable) 

     Weighted Average
  Estimated Useful Life   Amortization Period
7.1 years
13.5 years
10 years
12.9 years

5 to 15 years   
5 to 15 years   
10 years   
5 to 15 years   

Amortization expense of intangibles totaled $4.9 million, $2.8 million and $3.5 million in 2017, 2016 and 2015, 
respectively. The estimated amortization expense for intangibles for each of the five succeeding fiscal years is as follows 
(in thousands): 

2018 
2019 
2020 
2021 
2022 
Thereafter 
Total 

     $

$

 4,879
 4,264
 3,234
 2,979
 2,676
 16,878
 34,910

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F. 

DEBT 

On  December 17,  2012,  we  entered  into  an  unsecured  Note Purchase  Agreement  (the  "Agreement")  under 
which we issued our 3.89% Series 2012 A Senior Notes, due December 17, 2022, in the aggregate principal amount of 
$35 million and our 3.98% Series 2012 B Senior Notes, due December 17, 2024, in the aggregate principal amount of 
$40 million. Proceeds from the sale of the Series A Senior Notes and Series B Senior Notes were used to repay amounts 
due on our existing Series 2002-A Senior Notes, Tranche B totaling $40 million and our revolving credit facility. 

On November 3, 2014, the Company entered into a five-year, $295 million unsecured revolving credit facility 
with a syndicate of U.S. banks led by JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent and Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., 
as syndication agent. The facilities include up to $45 million which may be advanced in the form of letters of credit, and 
up  to  $100  million  (U.S.  dollar  equivalent)  which  may  be  advanced  in  Canadian  dollars,  Australian  dollars,  pounds 
Sterling, Euros and such other foreign currencies as may subsequently be agreed upon among the parties. This facility 
replaced our $265 million unsecured revolving credit facility. Cash borrowings are charged interest based upon an index 
selected  by  the  Company,  plus  a  margin  that  is  determined  based  upon  the  index  selected  and  upon  the  financial 
performance of the Company and certain of its subsidiaries. The Company is charged a facility fee on the entire amount 
of the lending commitment, at a per annum rate ranging from 15 to 32.5 basis points, also determined based upon the 
Company’s performance. The facility fee is payable quarterly in arrears. 

Outstanding letters of credit extended on our behalf on December 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 aggregated 
$26.5  million  and  $25.5  million;  respectively,  which  includes  approximately  $9.8  million  related  to  industrial 
development revenue bonds.  The Company had an outstanding balance of $59.4 million and 23.9 million on its revolver 
at  December  30,  2017,  and  December  31,  2016,  respectively.      After  considering  letters  of  credit,  the  Company  had 
$225.7 million and $261.3 million in remaining availability on its revolver on December 30, 2017, and December 31, 
2016, respectively.  Additionally, we have $150 million in availability under a "shelf agreement" for long term debt with 
a  current  lender.  Letters  of  credit  have  one year  terms  and  include  an  automatic  renewal  clause.  The  letters  of  credit 
related to industrial development revenue bonds are charged an annual interest rate of 110 basis points, based upon our 
financial performance. The letters of credit related to workers’ compensation are charged an annual interest rate of 75 
basis points. 

41 

 
Long-term  debt  obligations  are  summarized  as  follows  on  December 30,  2017  and  December 31,  2016 

(amounts in thousands): 

Series 2012 Senior Notes Tranche A, due on December 17, 2022, interest payable semi-

annually at 3.89% 

Series 2012 Senior Notes Tranche B, due on December 17, 2024, interest payable semi-

annually at 3.98% 

Revolving credit facility totaling $295 million due on November 3, 2019, interest 

payable monthly at a floating rate (2.41% on December 30, 2017 and 1.67% on December 
31, 2016) 

Series 1999 Industrial Development Revenue Bonds, due on August 1, 2029, interest 
payable monthly at a floating rate (1.08% on December 30, 2017 and 0.52% on 
December 31, 2016) 

Series 2000 Industrial Development Revenue Bonds, due on October 1, 2020, interest 

payable monthly at a floating rate (1.14% on December 30, 2017 and 0.59% on 
December 31, 2016) 

Series 2002 Industrial Development Revenue Bonds, due on December 1, 2022, interest 

payable monthly at a floating rate (1.13% on December 30, 2017 and 0.57% on 
December 31, 2016) 

Capital leases and foreign affiliate debt 

Less current portion 
Less debt issuance costs 
Long-term portion 

2017 

2016 

  $   35,000    $  35,000

 40,000   

 40,000

 59,422   

 23,860

 3,300   

 3,300

 2,700   

 2,700

 3,700   
 2,058   
    146,180   
 (1,329) 
 (177) 

 3,700
 3,336
   111,896
 (2,634)
 (203)
  $  144,674    $  109,059

Financial  covenants on  the  unsecured  revolving  credit  facility  and  unsecured  notes  include  minimum  interest 
coverage  tests  and  a  maximum  leverage  ratio.  The  agreements  also  restrict  the  amount  of  additional  indebtedness  we 
may incur and the amount of assets which may be sold among other industry standard covenants. We were within all of 
our lending requirements on December 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016. 

On December 30, 2017, the principal maturities of long-term debt and capital lease obligations are as follows 

(in thousands): 

2018 
2019 
2020 
2021 
2022 
Thereafter 
Total 

     $

 1,329
 59,737
 2,891
 135
 38,788
 43,300
$  146,180

On  December 30,  2017,  the  estimated  fair  value  of  our  long-term  debt,  including  the  current  portion,  was 
$148.0  million,  which  was  $1.8  million  more  than  the  carrying  value.  The  estimated  fair  value  is  based  on  rates 
anticipated to be available to us for debt with similar terms and maturities. We consider the valuations of our long-term 
debt, including the current portion, to be Level 2 liabilities which rely on quoted prices in markets that are not active or 
observable inputs over the full term of the liability. 

G. 

LEASES 

We lease certain real estate under operating lease agreements with original terms ranging from one to ten years. 
We  are  required  to  pay  real  estate  taxes  and  other  occupancy  costs  under  these  leases.  Certain  leases  carry  renewal 
options  of  five  to  fifteen years.  We  also  lease  motor  vehicles,  equipment,  and  an  aircraft  under  operating  lease 

42 

 
 
 
 
 
     
    
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
 
agreements  for  periods  of  one  to  ten years.  Future  minimum  payments  under  non-cancelable  operating  leases  on 
December 30, 2017 are as follows (in thousands):  

2018 
2019 
2020 
2021 
2022 
Thereafter 
Total minimum lease payments 

     Operating 

Leases 
 19,405
 13,187
 9,967
 7,778
 5,947
 17,640
 73,924

$

$

Rent  expense  was  approximately  $22.3  million,  $10.5  million,  and  $6.3  million  in  2017,  2016,  and  2015, 

respectively. 

H. 

DEFERRED COMPENSATION 

We have a program whereby certain executives irrevocably elected to defer receipt of certain compensation in 
1985  through  1988.  Deferred  compensation  payments  to  these  executives  will  commence  upon  their  retirement.  We 
purchased  life  insurance  on  these  executives,  payable  to  us  in  amounts  which,  if  assumptions  made  as  to  mortality 
experience, policy dividends, and other factors are realized, will accumulate cash values adequate to reimburse us for all 
payments for insurance and deferred compensation obligations. In the event cash values are not sufficient to fund such 
obligations, the program allows us to reduce benefit payments to such amounts as may be funded by accumulated cash 
values.  The  deferred  compensation  liabilities  and  related  cash  surrender  value  of  life  insurance  policies  totaled  $2.0 
million  and  $2.4  million  on  December 30,  2017  and  December 31,  2016,  respectively,  and  are  included  "Other 
Liabilities" and "Other Assets," respectively. 

We also maintain a non-qualified deferred compensation plan (the "Plan") for the benefit of senior management 
employees who may elect to defer a portion of their annual bonus payments and salaries. The Plan provides investment 
options similar to our 401(k) plan, including our stock. The investment in our stock is funded by the issuance of shares to 
a Rabbi trust, and may only be distributed in kind. Assets held by the Plan totaled approximately $1.0 million and $0.9 
million  on  December 30,  2017  and  December 31,  2016  respectively,  and  are  included  in  "Other  Assets."   Related 
liabilities totaled $22.6 million and $17.4 million on December 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively, and are 
included in "Other Liabilities" and "Shareholders’ Equity."  Assets associated with the Plan are recorded at fair market 
value.  The  related  liabilities  are  recorded  at  fair  market  value,  with  the  exception  of  obligations  associated  with 
investments in our stock which are recorded at the market value on the date of deferral. 

I. 

COMMON STOCK 

In April 2002, our shareholders approved the 2002 Employee Stock Purchase Plan ("Stock Purchase Plan") to 
succeed  the  Employee  Stock  Purchase  Plan  originally  approved  in  1994.  In  April 2008,  our  shareholders  authorized 
additional shares to be allocated to the Stock Purchase Plan and extended the term of the Stock Purchase Plan to 2018. 
The plan allows eligible employees to purchase shares of our stock at a share price equal to 85% of fair market value on 
the  purchase  date.  We  have  expensed  the  fair  value  of  the  compensation  associated  with  these  awards,  which 
approximates the discount. The amount of expense is nominal. 

In  April 1994,  our  shareholders  approved  the  Directors’  Retainer  Stock  Plan  ("Stock  Retainer  Plan").  In 
April 2007,  our  shareholders  authorized  additional  shares  to  be  issued  pursuant  to  this  plan.  The  Stock  Retainer  Plan 
allows  eligible  members  of  the  Board  of  Directors  to  defer  the  cash  portion  of  their  retainer  and  committee  fees  and 
receive shares of our stock at the time of or following their retirement, disability or death. The number of shares to be 
received is equal to the amount of the cash portion of their retainer and committee fees deferred multiplied by 110%, 
divided by the fair market value of a share of our stock at the time of deferral. The number of shares is increased by the 
amount  of  dividends  paid  on  the  Company’s  common  stock.  We  recognized  expense  for  this  plan  of  $1.7  million  in 

43 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
 
2017,  $0.7  million  in  2016,  and  $0.6  million  in  2015.  Effective  January 1,  2017,  this  plan  was  amended  to  allow 
directors to defer payment of the annual retainer paid in the form of our common stock. 

On April 15, 2010, our shareholders approved an amended and restated Long Term Stock Incentive Plan (the 
"LTSIP”). The LTSIP reserves 1,000,000 shares, plus a balance of unused shares from prior plans of approximately 1.6 
million shares, plus an annual increase of no more than 200,000 shares per year which may be added on the dates of our 
annual  shareholder  meetings.  The  LTSIP  provides  for  the  grant  of  stock  options,   stock  appreciation  rights,  restricted 
stock, performance shares and other stock-based awards. 

On  October  18,  2017,  the  Board  of  Directors  approved  a  three-for-one  split  of  the  Company's  outstanding 
shares of common stock effected as a stock dividend.  On November 14, 2017, shareholders of record as of October 31, 
2017, received two additional shares for each share held on the record date. 

There is no unrecognized compensation expense remaining for stock options in 2017, 2016, and 2015. 

A summary of the nonvested restricted stock awards granted under the LTSIP is as follows: 

Nonvested at December 27, 2014 
Granted 
Vested 
Forfeited 
Nonvested at December 26, 2015 
Granted 
Vested 
Forfeited 
Nonvested at December 31, 2016 
Granted 
Vested 
Forfeited 
Nonvested at December 30, 2017 

  Restricted 

Awards 
 771,258     
 228,963     
 (364,926)    
 (11,547)    
 623,748     
 350,892     
 (180,465)    
 (2,643)    
 791,532     
 388,248     
 (141,111)    
 (5,043)    
    1,033,626   $

  Weighted- 
  Average Grant   
  Date Fair Value   
 12.13      
 18.00          
 12.87          
 16.28          
 13.66      
 23.96          
 15.66          
 21.45          
 19.32      
 32.03          
 12.71          
 30.14          
 24.24    $ 

     Weighted-
  Unrecognized   Average 
  Compensation   Period to 
  Recognize
  Expense 
 1.7    1.81 years

Expense 
(in millions) 

 5.2    2.53 years

 4.8    1.51 years

 7.1    1.31 years

Under the Stock Purchase Plan and LTSIP, we recognized share-based compensation expense of $3.6 million, 
$2.2 million, and $1.8 million and the related total income tax benefits of $1.0 million, $1.1 million, and $0.9 million in 
2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively. 

In  2017,  2016  and  2015,  cash  received  from  option  exercises  and  share  issuances  under  our  plans  was  $0.7 
million, $0.5 million and $1.1 million, respectively. The actual tax benefit realized in 2017, 2016 and 2015 for the tax 
deductions from option exercises totaled $0.0 million, $0.0 million and $0.4 million, respectively. 

On  November 14,  2001,  the  Board  of  Directors  approved  a  share  repurchase  program  (which  succeeded  a 
previous program) allowing us to repurchase up to 2.5 million shares of our common stock. On October 14, 2010, our 
Board authorized an additional 2 million shares to be repurchased under our share repurchase program. We repurchased 
445,740 and 0 shares under this program in 2017 and 2016, respectively. As of December 30, 2017, the cumulative total 
authorized shares available for repurchase is approximately 2.7 million shares.   

J. 

RETIREMENT PLANS 

We  have  a  profit  sharing  and  401(k) plan  for  the benefit  of  substantially  all  of  our  employees,  excluding  the 
employees  of  certain  wholly-owned  subsidiaries.  Amounts  contributed  to  the  plan  are  made  at  the  discretion  of  the 

44 

 
 
 
 
 
    
 
     
 
     
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
      
  
      
  
      
  
  
      
  
      
  
      
  
  
      
  
      
  
      
 
Board  of  Directors.  We  matched  25%  of  employee  contributions  in  2017,  2016,  and  2015,  on  a  discretionary  basis, 
totaling $4.8 million, $4.4 million, and $2.4 million respectively. The basis for matching contributions may not exceed 
the lesser of 6% of the employee’s annual compensation or the IRS limitation. 

On July 14, 2011, the compensation committee of the board of directors approved a retirement plan for certain 
officers of the Company (who have at least 20 years of service with the Company and at least 10 years of service as an 
officer)  whereby  we  will  pay,  upon  retirement,  benefits  totaling  150%  of  the  officer’s  highest  base  salary  in  the 
three years  immediately  preceding  separation  from  service  plus  health  care  benefits  for  a  specified  period  of  time  if 
certain eligibility requirements are met. Approximately $7.8 million and $6.5 million are accrued in “Other Liabilities” 
for this plan at December 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively. 

K. 

INCOME TAXES 

Income tax provisions for the years ended December 30, 2017, December 31, 2016, and December 26, 2015 are 

summarized as follows (in thousands): 

2017 

2016 

2015 

Currently Payable: 

Federal 
State and local 
Foreign 

Net Deferred: 

Federal 
State and local 
Foreign 

  $  44,413    $  42,397   $  34,672
 6,643
 5,599
   46,914

 8,579   
 6,240   
   59,232   

 6,341  
 6,143  
    54,881  

 (7,681)  
 (864)  
 1,280   
 (7,265)  

 (1,104)
 96
 (36)
 (1,044)
  $  51,967    $  55,174   $  45,870

 (455) 
 438  
 310  
 293  

The components of earnings before income taxes consist of the following: 

2017 

2016 

2015 

U.S. 
Foreign 
Total 

reasons: 

The  effective  income  tax  rates  are  different  from  the  statutory  federal  income  tax  rates  for  the  following 

  $ 151,395    $ 140,106   $ 115,231
 15,771
  $ 176,007    $ 160,671   $ 131,002

    20,565  

 24,612   

Statutory federal income tax rate 
State and local taxes (net of  federal benefits) 
Effect of noncontrolling owned interest in earnings of partnerships 
Manufacturing deduction 
Tax credits, including foreign tax credit 
Change in uncertain tax positions reserve 
Other permanent differences 
Other, net 
Impact of Tax Act and reduction of corporate tax rate 
Effective income tax rate 

2017 

2016 

2015 

 35  %   
 3.0    
 (0.2)  
 (2.5)  
 (2.0)  
 0.4    
 (0.1)  
 (0.6)  
 (3.5) 
 29.5  %   

 35  %  
 3.1    
 (0.2)  
 (2.4)  
 (1.4)  
 0.4    
 0.1    
 (0.3)  
 —   
 34.3  %  

 35 %
 3.6  
 (0.3) 
 (2.4) 
 (1.6) 
 0.3  
 0.7  
 (0.3) 
 —  
 35.0 %

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Temporary differences which give rise to deferred income tax assets and (liabilities) on December 30, 2017 and 

December 31, 2016 are as follows (in thousands): 

Employee benefits 
Net operating loss carryforwards 
Foreign subsidiary capital loss carryforward 
Other tax credits 
Inventory 
Reserves on receivables 
Accrued expenses 
Other, net 
Gross deferred income tax assets 
Valuation allowance 
Deferred income tax assets 
Depreciation 
Intangibles 
Other, net 
Deferred income tax liabilities 
Net deferred income tax liability 

2017 

2016 

  $   17,048    $  13,375
 13,605
 509
 1,196
 2
 1,208
 8,931
 2,323
 41,149
 (5,371)
 35,778
 (29,971)
 (25,078)
 —
 (55,049)
  $   (12,214)  $  (19,271)

 8,592   
 546   
 709   
 358   
 714   
 2,060   
 1,879   
 31,906   
 (4,706) 
 27,200   
    (19,992) 
    (19,422) 
 —   
    (39,414) 

As of December 30, 2017, the company had federal, state and foreign net operating loss carryforwards of $8.6 
million and state tax credit carryforwards of $0.5 million, which will expire at various dates.  The Company also has a 
$0.2 million federal alternative minimum tax credit which it expects to be refunded. 

The NOL and credit carryforwards expire as follows: 

2017 – 2021 
2022 - 2026 
2027 - 2031 
2032 - 2036 
Thereafter 
Total 

     State 

Net Operating Losses 

     U.S. 
  $

Tax Credits 
     Foreign       U.S.       State 
 —   $  356   $ 2,106    $ —    $ 270
   233
 —  
    —
 —  
    —
   3,431  
    —
 —  
  $ 3,431   $ 2,575   $ 2,586    $ —    $ 503

   —   
   —   
   —   
   —   

 243   
 156   
 —   
 81   

 391  
 605  
 804  
 419  

As  of  December 30,  2017,  we  believe  that  it  is  more  likely  than  not  that  the  benefit  from  certain  state  and 
foreign NOL carryforwards  as well as certain state tax credit carryforwards will not be realized. In recognition of this 
risk, we have provided a valuation allowance against various NOL and tax credit carryforwards. Furthermore, there is a 
valuation  allowance  of  $0.5  million  against  a  capital  loss  carryforward  we  have  for  a  wholly-owned  subsidiary,  UFP 
Canada, Inc. Based upon the business activity and the nature of the assets of this subsidiary, our ability to realize a future 
benefit from this carryforward is doubtful. The capital loss has an unlimited carryforward and therefore will not expire 
unless there is a change in control of the subsidiary. 

On December 22, 2017, the U.S. government enacted comprehensive tax legislation commonly referred to as the Tax 
Cuts and Jobs Act (the ”Tax Act”).  The Tax Act makes broad and complex changes to the U.S. tax code that will affect 
2017, including, but not limited to, (1) requiring a one-time transition tax on certain unrepatriated earnings of foreign 
subsidiaries  that  is  payable  over  eight  years  and  (2)  bonus  depreciation  that  will  allow  for  full  expensing  of  qualified 
property. 

The Tax Act also established new tax laws that will affect 2018, including, but not limited to, (1) reduction of the U.S. 
federal corporate tax rate; (2) elimination of the corporate alternative minimum tax (AMT); (3) the creation of the  base 
erosion anti-abuse tax (BEAT), a new minimum tax: (4) a general elimination of U.S. federal income taxes on dividends 
from foreign subsidiaries; (5) a new provision designed to tax global intangible low-taxed income (GILTI), which allows 

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for  the  possibility  of  using  foreign  tax  credits  (FTCs)  and  a  deduction  of  up  to  50  percent  to  offset  the  income  tax 
liability (subject to some limitations); (6) a new limitation on deductible interest expense; (7) the repeal of the domestic 
production activity deduction; (8) limitations on the deductibility of certain executive compensation; (9) limitations on 
the use of FTCs to reduce the U.S. income tax liability; and (10) limitations on net operating losses (NOLs) generated 
after December 31, 2017, to 80 percent of taxable income. 

The SEC staff issued SAB 118, which provides guidance on accounting for the tax effects of the Tax Act.  SAB 118 
provides a measurement period that should not extend beyond one year from the Tax Act enactment date for companies 
to complete the accounting under ASC 740.  In accordance with SAB 118, a company must reflect the income tax effects 
of  those  aspects  of  the  Act  for  which  the  accounting  under  ASC  740  is  complete.    To  the  extent  that  a  company’s 
accounting for certain income tax effects of the Tax Act is incomplete but it is able to determine a reasonable estimate, it 
must record a provisional estimate in the financial statements.  If a company cannot determine a provisional estimate to 
be included in the financial statements, it should continue to apply ASC 740 on the basis of the provisions of the tax laws 
that were in effect immediately before the enactment of the Tax Act. 

In connection with our initial analysis of the impact of the Tax Act, we have recorded a discrete net tax benefit of $6.1 
million in the period ending December 30, 2017.  This net benefit primarily consists of (1) a net benefit for the corporate 
rate reduction of $8.2 million; (2) a net expense for the write-down of deferred tax assets for stock based compensation 
that will no longer be deductible for $1.9 million; and (3) a net expense for the transition tax of $0.2 million.  For various 
reasons that are discussed more fully below, we have not completed our accounting for the income tax effects of certain 
elements of the Tax Act.  If we were able to make reasonable estimates of the effects of elements for which our analysis 
is not yet complete, we recorded provisional adjustments.  If we were not yet able to make reasonable estimates of the 
impact  of  certain  elements,  we  have  not  recorded  any  adjustments  related  to  those  elements  and  have  continued 
accounting for them in accordance with ASC 740 on the basis of the tax laws in effect before the Tax Act. 

Our accounting for the following elements of the Tax Act is incomplete.  However, we were able to make reasonable 
estimates of certain effects and, therefore, recorded provisional adjustments as follows: 

Reduction of U.S. federal corporate tax rate:  The Tax Act reduces the corporate tax rate to 21 percent, effective January 
1,  2018.    For  certain  of  our  DTAs  and  DTLs,  we  have  recorded  a  provisional  decrease  of  $13.6  million  and  $21.8 
million,  respectively,  with  a  corresponding  net  adjustment  of  deferred  income  tax  benefit  of  $8.2  million  for  the  year 
ended December 30, 2017.  While we are able to make a reasonable estimate of the impact of the reduction in corporate 
rate, it may be affected by other analysis related to the Tax Act, including, but not limited to, our calculation of deemed 
repatriation of deferred foreign income and the state tax effect of adjustments made to federal temporary differences. 

Deemed Repatriation Transition Tax:  The Deemed Repatriation Transition Tax (Transition Tax) is a tax on previously 
untaxed  accumulated  and  current  earnings  and  profits  (E&P)  of  certain  of  our  foreign  subsidiaries.    To  determine  the 
amount  of  the  Transition  Tax,  we  must  determine,  in  addition  to  other  factors,  the  amount  of  post-1986  E&P  of  the 
relevant  subsidiaries,  as  well as  the  amount of non-U.S.  income  taxes  paid  on  such  earnings.   We  are  able  to  make  a 
reasonable  estimate  of  the  Transition  Tax  and  recorded  a  provisional  Transition  Tax  obligation  comprised  of  $6.3 
million tax on foreign earnings and offset by FTCs of $6.1 million.  However, we are continuing to gather additional 
information to more precisely compute the amount of the Transition Tax for any potential state tax effects and we are 
still evaluating the remaining outside basis differences not closed by the imposition of the transition tax.  Tentatively, no 
changes were made to our ASC 740-30 assertion. 

Cost recovery:  While we have not yet completed all of the computations necessary or completed an inventory of our 
2017 expenditures that qualify for immediate expensing, we have recorded a provisional benefit of $0.1 million based on 
our current intent to fully expense all qualifying expenditures.  This resulted in a decrease of approximately $0.3 million 
to  our  current  income  tax  payable  and  a  corresponding  increase  in  our  DTLs  of  approximately  $0.2  million  (after 
considering the effects of the reduction in income tax rates). 

Our accounting for the following elements of the Tax Act is incomplete, and we were not yet able to make reasonable 
estimates of the effects.  Therefore, no provisional adjustments were recorded. 

47 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Global intangible low taxed income (GILTI):  The Tax Act creates a new requirement that certain income (i.e., GILTI) 
earned  by  controlled  foreign  corporations  (CFCs)  must  be  included  currently  in  the  gross  income  of  the  CFCs’  U.S. 
shareholder.  GILTI is the excess of the shareholder’s “net CFC tested income” over the net deemed tangible income 
return, which is currently defined as the excess of (1) 10 percent of the aggregate of the U.S. shareholder’s pro rata share 
of the qualified business asset investment of each CFC with respect to which it is a U.S. shareholder over (2) the amount 
of certain interest expense taken into account in the determination of net CFC-tested income. 

Because of the complexity of the new GILTI tax rules, we are continuing to evaluate this provision of the Tax Act and 
the  application  of  ASC  740.    Under  U.S.  GAAP,  we  are  allowed  to  make  an  accounting  policy  choice  of  either  (1) 
treating  taxes  due  on  future  U.S.  inclusions  in  taxable  income  related  to  GILTI  as  a  current-period  expense  when 
incurred (the “period cost method”) or (2) factoring such amounts into a company’s measurement of its deferred taxes 
(the “deferred method”).  Our selection of an accounting policy with respect to the new GILTI tax rules will depend, in 
part, on analyzing our global income to determine whether we expect to have future U.S. inclusions in taxable income 
related to GILTI and, if so, what the impact is expected to be.  Because whether we expect to have future U.S. inclusions 
in  taxable  income  related  to  GILTI  depends  on  not  only  our  current  structure  and  estimated  future  results  of  global 
operations but also our intent and ability to modify our structure and/or our business, we are not yet able to reasonably 
estimate the effect of the provision of the Tax Act.  Therefore, we have not made any adjustments related to potential 
GILTI tax in our financial statements and have not made a policy decision regarding whether to record deferred taxes on 
GILTI. 

Valuation  allowances:    The  company  must  assess  whether  valuation  allowances  assessments  are  affected  by  various 
aspects  of  the  Tax  Act  (e.g.,  deemed  repatriation  of  deferred  foreign  income  and  the  effects  on  state  NOLs,  GILTI 
inclusions, new categories of FTCs).  Since, as discussed herein, the company has recorded no amounts related to certain 
portions of the Tax Act, any corresponding determination of the need for or change in a valuation allowance has not be 
completed and no changes to valuation allowances as a result of the Tax Act have been recorded. 

The  remaining  provisions  of  the  Tax  Act,  as  listed  above,  became  effective  on  January  1,  2018  and  did  not  require 
accounting treatment for the year-ended December 30, 2017.  We are currently  analyzing the impact of these provisions. 

L. 

ACCOUNTING FOR UNCERTAINTY IN INCOME TAXES 

ASC  740,  Income  Taxes  (“ASC  740”)  clarifies  the  accounting  for  income  taxes  by  prescribing  the  minimum 
recognition  threshold  a  tax  position  is  required  to  meet  before  being  recognized  in  the  financial  statements.  ASC  740 
also  provides  guidance  on  derecognition,  measurement,  classification,  interest  and  penalties,  and  disclosure 
requirements. 

A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits is as follows (in thousands): 

2017 

2016 

2015 

Gross unrecognized tax benefits beginning of year 
Increase in tax positions for prior years 
Increase in tax positions due to acquisitions 
Increase in tax positions for current year 
Settlements with taxing authorities 
Lapse in statute of limitations 
Gross unrecognized tax benefits end of year 

  $  3,381    $   2,209   $  1,793
 —
 —
 754
 —
 (338)
  $  4,000    $   3,381   $  2,209

 4   
 —   
 1,107   
 (2)  
 (490)  

 243  
 362  
 905  
 (32) 
 (306) 

Our  effective  tax  rate  would  have  been  affected  by  the  unrecognized  tax  benefits  had  this  amount  been 

recognized as a reduction to income tax expense. 

We  recognized  interest  and  penalties  for  unrecognized  tax  benefits  in  our  provision  for  income  taxes.  The 
liability  for  unrecognized  tax  benefits  included  accrued  interest  and  penalties  of  $0.7  million,  $0.6  million,  and  $0.2 
million at December 30, 2017, December 31, 2016, and December 26, 2015, respectively. 

48 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
     
    
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
We file income tax returns in the United States and in various state, local and foreign jurisdictions. The federal 
and a majority of state and foreign jurisdictions are no longer subject to income tax examinations for years before 2014. 
A  number  of  routine  state  and  local  examinations  are  currently  ongoing.  Due  to  the  potential  for  resolution  of  state 
examinations, and the expiration of various statutes of limitation, and new positions that may be taken, it is reasonably 
possible that the amounts of unrecognized tax benefits could change in the next twelve months is $0.7 million. 

M. 

COMMITMENTS, CONTINGENCIES, AND GUARANTEES 

We  are  self-insured  for  environmental  impairment  liability,  including  certain  liabilities  which  are  insured 

through a wholly owned subsidiary, Ardellis Insurance Ltd., a licensed captive insurance company. 

We own and operate a number of facilities throughout the United States that chemically treat lumber products. 
In  connection  with  the  ownership  and  operation  of  these  and  other  real  properties,  and  the  disposal  or  treatment  of 
hazardous  or  toxic  substances,  we  may,  under  various  federal,  state,  and  local  environmental  laws,  ordinances,  and 
regulations,  be  potentially  liable  for  removal  and  remediation  costs,  as  well  as  other  potential  costs,  damages,  and 
expenses. Environmental reserves, calculated with no discount rate, have been established to cover remediation activities 
at wood preservation facilities in Stockertown, PA; Elizabeth City, NC; Auburndale, FL; and Medley, FL. In addition, a 
reserve was established for our facility in Thornton, CA to remove certain lead containing materials which existed on the 
property at the time of purchase. 

On a consolidated basis, we have reserved approximately $3.0 million and $3.6 million on December 30, 2017 
and  December 31,  2016,  respectively,  representing  the  estimated  costs  to  complete  future  remediation  efforts.  These 
amounts have not been reduced by an insurance receivable. 

Many of our wood treating operations utilize “Subpart W” drip pads, defined as hazardous waste management 
units by the Environmental Protection Agency. The rules regulating drip pads require that a pad be “closed” at the point 
that  it  is  no  longer  intended  to  be  used  for  wood  treating  operations  or  to  manage  hazardous  waste.  Closure  involves 
identification and disposal of contaminants which are required to be removed from the facility. The cost of closure is 
dependent upon a number of factors including, but not limited to, identification and removal of contaminants, cleanup 
standards that vary from state to state, and the time period over which the cleanup would be completed. Based on our 
present knowledge of existing circumstances, it is considered probable that these costs will approximate $0.2 million. As 
a result, this amount is recorded in other long-term liabilities on December 30, 2017. 

In  February 2014,  one  of  our  operations  was  served  with  a  federal  grand  jury  subpoena  from  the  Southern 
District  of  New  York.  The  subpoena  was  issued  in  connection  with  an  investigation  being  conducted  by  the  US 
Attorney’s Office for the Southern District of New York. The subpoena requested documents relating to a developer and 
construction projects for which our operation had provided materials and labor. Following receipt of the subpoena, the 
Audit Committee of the Company’s Board of Directors retained outside counsel to conduct an internal investigation and 
respond  to  the  subpoena.  The  Company  cooperated  in  all  respects  with  the  US  Attorney’s  Office,  complied  with  this 
subpoena  and  voluntarily  provided  additional  information.  As  a  result  of  the  internal  investigation,  in 2014,  two 
Company employees were terminated for violating the Company’s Code of Business Conduct and Ethics. In May 2015, 
those ex-employees were indicted by the grand jury. In April 2016, one of the two former employees pled guilty to four 
of the charges included in the indictment. In May 2016, the other former employee was found guilty by a jury on four of 
the charges included in the indictment. The Company has not been named as a target and continues to cooperate with the 
US  Attorney’s  Office  in  this  matter.  Based  upon  prior  communications  with  the  US  Attorney’s  Office,  we  do  not 
believe that the resolution of this matter will have a material adverse impact on our financial condition or the results of 
our operations. 

In addition, on December 30, 2017, we were parties either as plaintiff or defendant to a number of lawsuits and 
claims  arising  through  the  normal  course  of  our  business. In  the  opinion  of  management,  our  consolidated  financial 
statements will not be materially affected by the outcome of these contingencies and claims. 

On  December 30,  2017,  we  had  outstanding  purchase  commitments  on  commenced  capital  projects  of 

approximately $7.7 million. 

49 

We provide a variety of warranties for products we manufacture. Historically, warranty claims have not been 
material. We distribute products manufactured by other companies, some of which are no longer in business. While we 
do  not  warrant  these  products,  we  have  received  claims  as  a  distributor  of  these  products  when  the  manufacturer  no 
longer  exists  or  has  the  ability  to  pay.  Historically,  these  costs  have  not  had  a  material  affect  on  our  consolidated 
financial statements. 

As part of our operations, we supply building materials and labor to site-built construction projects or we jointly 
bid  on  contracts  with  framing  companies  for  such  projects.  In  some  instances  we  are  required  to  post  payment  and 
performance bonds to insure the project owner that the products and installation services are completed in accordance 
with  our  contractual  obligations.  We  have  agreed  to  indemnify  the  surety  for  claims  made  against  the  bonds.  As  of 
December 30,  2017,  we  had  approximately  $1.4  million  in  outstanding  payment  and  performance  bonds  for  open 
projects.  We  had  approximately  $7.6  million  in  payment  and  performance  bonds  outstanding  for  completed  projects 
which are still under warranty. 

On December 30, 2017 we had outstanding letters of credit totaling $26.5 million, primarily related to certain 

insurance contracts and industrial development revenue bonds described further below. 

In  lieu  of  cash  deposits,  we  provide  irrevocable  letters  of  credit  in  favor  of  our  insurers  to  guarantee  our 
performance  under  certain  insurance  contracts.  We  currently  have  irrevocable  letters  of  credit  outstanding  totaling 
approximately $16.7 million for these types of insurance arrangements. We have reserves recorded on our balance sheet, 
in accrued liabilities, that reflect our expected future liabilities under these insurance arrangements. 

We  are  required  to  provide  irrevocable  letters  of  credit  in  favor  of  the  bond  trustees  for  all  industrial 
development revenue bonds that have been issued. These letters of credit guarantee principal and interest payments to 
the bondholders. We currently have irrevocable letters of credit outstanding totaling approximately $9.8 million related 
to our outstanding industrial development revenue bonds. These letters of credit have varying terms but may be renewed 
at the option of the issuing banks. 

Certain  wholly  owned  domestic  subsidiaries  have  guaranteed  the  indebtedness  of  Universal  Forest 
Products, Inc. in certain debt agreements, including the Series 2012 Senior Notes and our revolving credit facility. The 
maximum exposure of these guarantees is limited to the indebtedness outstanding under these debt arrangements and this 
exposure will expire concurrent with the expiration of the debt agreements. 

We  did  not  enter  into  any  new  guarantee  arrangements  during  2017  which  would  require  us  to  recognize  a 

liability on our balance sheet. 

N. 

SEGMENT REPORTING 

ASC 280, Segment Reporting (“ASC 280”), defines operating segments as components of an enterprise about 
which  separate  financial  information  is  available  that  is  evaluated  regularly  by  the  chief  operating  decision  maker  in 
deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing performance. 

The  Company  operates  manufacturing,  treating  and  distribution  facilities  throughout  North  America,  Europe, 
Asia and Australia, but primarily in the United States. The Company manages the operations of its individual locations 
primarily  through  a  geographic  reporting  structure  under  which  each  location  is  included  in  a  region  and  regions  are 
included  in  our  North,  South,  West,  and  International  divisions.  The  exceptions  to  this  geographic  reporting  and 
management  structure  are  (a) the  Company’s  Alternative  Materials  Division,  which  offers  a  portfolio  of  non-wood 
products  and  distributes  those  products  nation-wide  and  is  accounted  for  as  a  reporting  unit  within  the  All  Other 
segment,  (b) the  Company’s  distribution  unit  (referred  to  as  UFPD)  which  distributes  a  variety  of  products  to  the 
manufactured housing industry and is accounted for as a reporting unit within the North segment, and (c) idX division, 
which designs, manufactures, and installs customized interior fixtures and is accounted for within the All Other segment. 

50 

With respect to the facilities in the north, south, and west segments, these facilities generally supply the three 
markets  the  Company  serves  nationally -  Retail,  Industrial,  and  Construction.  Also,  substantially  all  of  our  facilities 
support customers in the immediate geographical region surrounding the facility. 

Our Alternative Materials, International, and idX divisions have been included in the “All Other” column of the 
table  below.  The  “Corporate”  column  includes  unallocated  administrative  costs  and  certain  incentive  compensation 
expense. 

North 

South 

West 

     Other 

      Corporate      

Total 

2017 

All 

Net sales to outside customers 
Intersegment net sales 
Interest expense (income) 
Amortization expense 
Depreciation expense 
Segment earnings from operations 
Segment assets 
Capital expenditures 

Net sales to outside customers 
Intersegment net sales 
Interest expense 
Amortization expense 
Depreciation expense 
Segment earnings from operations 
Segment assets 
Capital expenditures 

Net sales to outside customers 
Intersegment net sales 
Interest expense 
Amortization expense 
Depreciation expense 
Segment earnings from operations 
Segment assets 
Capital expenditures 

  $ 1,133,656   $ 837,370   $ 1,417,924   $ 552,232    $

 67,161  
 4  
 559  
 10,511  
 61,326  
 351,270  
 23,026  

 74,566  
 160  
 607  
 6,880  
 46,646  
   240,661  
 12,286  

 83,245  
 293  
 1,723  
 14,116  
 82,465  
 462,311  
 23,212  

   167,568   
 (473) 
 1,971   
 8,586   
 17,296   
   356,264   
 9,865   

 —    $ 3,941,182
 392,540
 —   
 6,218
 6,234   
 4,860
 —   
 48,536
 8,443   
   (26,264) 
 181,469
   1,464,677
    54,171   
 71,116
 2,727   

North 

South 

West 

     Other 

      Corporate      

Total 

2016 

All 

  $ 1,000,426   $ 711,862   $ 1,251,093   $ 277,112    $ 

 57,770  
 1  
 115  
 8,948  
 59,408  
 302,009  
 10,902  

 38,641  
 307  
 —  
 6,190  
 47,146  
   192,085  
 5,571  

 88,311  
 387  
 1,858  
 13,326  
 76,875  
 438,674  
 19,648  

 19,322   
 143   
 822   
 4,531   
 16,639   
   313,304   
 6,037   

2015 

All 

 —    $ 3,240,493
 204,044
 —   
 4,575
 3,737   
 2,795
 —   
 40,823
 7,828   
   (35,630) 
 164,438
   1,292,058
    45,986   
 53,762
    11,604   

      North 
  $ 922,092   $ 656,550   $ 1,133,398   $ 175,031    $ 

     Other 

South 

West 

     Corporate      

Total 

    51,796  
—  
 267  
 7,901  
    53,879  
   279,664  
 9,622  

 29,940  
 296  
 9  
 6,255  
 30,740  
   192,756  
 6,138  

 58,412  
 516  
 2,467  
 13,033  
 70,220  
 382,251  
 13,356  

 13,673   
 52   
 788   
 3,707   
 3,038   
   152,527   
 6,698   

—    $ 2,887,071
 153,821
—   
 5,133
 4,269   
 3,531
—   
 37,710
 6,814   
    (22,410) 
 135,467
   1,107,679
   100,481   
 43,522
 7,708   

Information regarding principal geographic areas was as follows (in thousands): 

2017 

  Long-Lived  
Tangible 

2016 

  Long-Lived  
Tangible 

2015 

  Long-Lived
Tangible 

United States 
Foreign 
Total 

     Assets 

     Net Sales 
  $  3,821,366   $ 313,976   $ 3,162,331   $ 280,362    $  2,811,359   $ 244,040
 15,408
  $  3,941,182   $ 344,356   $ 3,240,493   $ 306,468    $  2,887,071   $ 259,448

      Net Sales 

     Net Sales 

 119,816  

 26,106   

 30,380  

 78,162  

 75,712  

     Assets 

     Assets 

Sales generated in Canada and Mexico are primarily to customers in the United States of America. 

51 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
     
    
    
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
    
    
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
    
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
The  following  table  presents,  for  the  periods  indicated,  our percentage  of  value-added  and  commodity-based 

sales to total sales. 

2017 
2016 
2015 

Value-Added      

Commodity-
Based 

63.3 %    
62.6 %    
59.8 %    

36.7 %
37.4 %
40.2 %

Value-added  product  sales  consist  of  fencing,  decking,  lattice,  and  other  specialty  products  sold  to  the  retail 
building  materials  market,  specialty  wood  packaging,  engineered  wood  components,  in-store  fixtures,  and  wood-
alternative  products.  Engineered  wood  components  include  roof  trusses,  wall  panels,  and  floor  systems.  Wood-
alternative  products  consist  primarily  of  composite  wood  and  plastics.  Although  we  consider  the  treatment  of 
dimensional lumber with certain chemical preservatives a value-added process, treated lumber is not presently included 
in  the  value-added  sales  totals.  Commodity-based  product  sales  consist  primarily  of  remanufactured  lumber  and 
preservative treated lumber. 

52 

 
 
 
 
 
    
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The  following  table  presents,  for  the  periods  indicated,  our  gross  sales  (in  thousands)  by  major  product 

classification. 

Year Ended 

  December 30,   December 31,   December 26,

2017 

2016 

2015 

  $  368,591   $ 
 187,905  
 244,910  
 149,520  
 471,262  
 76,507  
 260,174  
 78,638  
 61,226  
 110,327  
 265,048  
 48,736  
 75,742  
 85,016  
 21,218  
 17,584  
 3,329  
 9,275  

 334,956    $  299,111
 149,526
 176,668   
 177,787
 200,004   
 129,803
 141,474   
 374,030
 391,610   
 67,804
 76,503   
 —
 87,262   
 59,804
 68,517   
 46,496
 53,279   
 56,846
 106,284   
 200,901
 204,732   
 47,392
 50,556   
 57,999
 60,753   
 45,215
 66,048   
 17,123
 20,713   
 13,611
 17,412   
 5,353
 3,449   
 5,668
 7,518   
  $ 2,535,008   $  2,067,738    $ 1,754,469

 576,374  
 575,505  
 271,310  
 34,970  
 13,036  

 469,042   
 479,333   
 238,806   
 30,374   
 12,084   

 458,023
 423,543
 253,678
 31,789
 10,978
  $ 1,471,195   $  1,229,639    $ 1,178,011
  $ 4,006,203   $  3,297,377    $ 2,932,480
 (45,409)
  $ 3,941,182   $  3,240,493    $ 2,887,071

 (56,884)  

 (65,021) 

Value-Added Sales 
Trusses – residential, modular and manufactured housing 
Fencing 
Decking and railing – composite,  wood and other 
Turn-key framing and installed sales 
Industrial packaging and components 
Engineered wood products (eg. LVL; i-joist) 
In-store fixtures 
Manufactured brite and other lumber 
Wall panels 
Outdoor DIY products (eg. stakes; landscape ties) 
Construction and building materials (eg. door packages; drywall) 
Lattice – plastic and wood 
Manufactured brite and other panels 
Siding, trim and moulding 
Hardware 
Manufactured treated lumber 
Manufactured treated panels 
Other 
Total Value-Added Sales 

Commodity-Based Sales 
Non-manufactured brite and other lumber 
Non-manufactured treated lumber 
Non-manufactured brite and other panels 
Non-manufactured treated panels 
Other 
Total Commodity-Based Sales 
Total Gross Sales 
Sales allowances 
Total Net Sales 

53 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
    
    
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
 
    
  
     
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
Net sales 
Gross profit 
Net earnings   
Net earnings 
attributable to 
controlling 
interest 
Basic 
earnings per 
share 
Diluted 
earnings per 
share 

O. 

QUARTERLY FINANCIAL INFORMATION (UNAUDITED) 

The  following  table  sets  forth  selected  financial  information  for  all  of  the  quarters,  consisting  of  13  and  14 
weeks during the years ended December 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively, (in thousands, except per share 
data): 

First 

Second 

Third 

Fourth 

2017 

2016 

2017 

2016 

2017 

2016 

2017 

2016 

  $ 846,130    $ 682,151    $ 1,072,375   $ 872,093   $ 1,056,586   $ 826,665    $ 966,091   $ 859,584
   122,310
 22,241

   129,159  
    33,162  

   118,054   
 28,764   

   120,740   
    21,634   

   102,739   
    20,255   

   131,487  
 34,237  

 144,687  
 34,669  

 148,240  
 34,574  

    21,062   

    19,212   

 33,642  

 33,398  

 33,693  

 27,819   

    31,115  

 20,750

 0.34   

 0.32   

 0.55  

 0.55  

 0.55  

 0.45   

 0.51  

 0.34

 0.34   

 0.32   

 0.55  

 0.55  

 0.55  

 0.45   

 0.51  

 0.34

P. 

SUBSEQUENT EVENTS 

Subsequent to December 30, 2017, the Company completed a sale and lease-back transaction with a property in 
Medley, Florida. The sale price for the property was approximately $36 million and created a $7 million pre-tax gain.  
The  transaction  is  part  of  a  strategy  to  create  efficiencies  and  advantages  not  possible  with  the  current  facility  by 
optimizing the capacity of its other three Florida operations, including two it acquired from Robbins Manufacturing in 
2017, and adding a state-of-the-art facility in South Florida.  The Company will lease back the Medley, Florida, facility 
for two years as it executes its long-term plan for Florida and the Southeast region. 

54 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
     
     
     
    
    
    
     
    
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
  
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
PRICE RANGE OF COMMON STOCK AND DIVIDENDS 

Our common stock trades on The Nasdaq Stock Market (“NASDAQ”) under the symbol UFPI. The following 
table sets forth the range of high and low sales prices, which incorporate the retroactive effect of the Company’s 3 for 1 
stock split, as reported by NASDAQ. 

Fiscal 2017 
Fourth Quarter 
Third Quarter 
Second Quarter 
First Quarter 

High 

Low 

Fiscal 2016 

 39.16   
 32.72   
 32.80   
 35.70   

 32.50    Fourth Quarter   
 26.28    Third Quarter    
 28.43    Second Quarter   
 31.34    First Quarter 

High 
 35.70   
 36.66   
 30.50   
 27.86   

Low 
 27.80
 28.26
 25.55
 20.35

There were approximately 1,450 shareholders of record as of February 23, 2018.  

We  paid  dividends  on  our  common  stock  of  $0.15  and  $0.17  per  share  in  June and  December 2017,  respectively.  In 
June and December 2016, we paid dividends of $0.14 and $0.15 per share, respectively. We intend to continue with our 
current semi-annual dividend policy for the foreseeable future. 

55 

 
 
 
 
 
     
    
    
     
    
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
STOCK PERFORMANCE GRAPH 

The following graph depicts the cumulative total return on our common stock compared to the cumulative total 
return on the indices for The Nasdaq Stock Market (all U.S. companies) and an industry peer group we selected. The 
graph assumes an investment of $100 on December 29, 2012, and reinvestment of dividends in all cases. 

The companies included in our self-determined industry peer group are as follows: 

American Woodmark Corporation 
Bemis Company, Inc. 
BlueLinx Holdings, Inc. 
BMC Stock Holdings, Inc. 
Boise Cascade, LLC 
Builders FirstSource, Inc. 
Gibraltar Industries, Inc. 
Greif Bros. Corporation 

Louisiana-Pacific Corporation 
Masco Corporation 
NCI Building Systems, Inc. 
Simpson Manufacturing Company,Inc. 
Sonoco Products Company 
Trex Company, Inc. 
Westrock Company 

The  returns  of  each  company  included  in  the  self-determined  peer  group  are  weighted  according  to  each 
respective  company’s  stock  market  capitalization  at  the  beginning  of  each  period  presented  in  the  graph  above.  In 
determining  the  members  of  our  peer  group,  we  considered  companies  who  selected  UFPI  as  a  member  of  their  peer 
group, and looked for similarly sized companies or companies that are a good fit with the markets we serve. 

56 

 
 
 
 
 
 
BOARD OF DIRECTORS 

EXECUTIVE OFFICERS

Directors and Executive Officers 

William G. Currie 
Chairman of the Board 
Universal Forest Products, Inc. 

Matthew J. Missad 
Chief Executive Officer 
Universal Forest Products, Inc. 

John M. Engler  
Interim President 
Michigan State University 

Gary F. Goode, CPA 
Chairman 
Titan Sales & Consulting, LLC  

Thomas W. Rhodes 
President and Chief Executive Officer 
TWR Enterprises, Inc. 

Bruce A. Merino 

Mary E. Tuuk 
Chief Compliance Officer 
Meijer, Inc. 

Brian C. Walker 
Chief Executive Officer 
Herman Miller, Inc. 

Michael G. Wooldridge 
Partner 
Varnum, LLP 

Matthew J. Missad 
Chief Executive Officer 

Patrick M. Webster 
President and Chief Operating Officer 

Michael R. Cole 
Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer 

Allen T. Peters 
President 
UFP Western Division 

Patrick Benton 
President 
UFP Northern Division 

Jonathan West 
President 
UFP Southern Division 

Robert D. Coleman 
Executive Vice President 
Manufacturing 

C. Scott Greene 
Executive Vice President 
Marketing 

Donald L. James 
Executive Vice President 
National Sales 

Michael F. Mordell 
Executive Vice President 
International Operations 

Chad C. Uhlig Eastin 
Executive Vice President 
Purchasing 

57 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ANNUAL MEETING 

Shareholder Information 

The annual meeting of Universal Forest Products, Inc. will be held at 8:30 a.m. on April 18, 2018, at 2880 East Beltline 
Lane NE, Grand Rapids, MI 49525. 

SHAREHOLDER INFORMATION 

Shares of the Company’s stock are traded under the symbol UFPI on the NASDAQ Stock Market. The Company’s 10-K 
report,  filed  with  the  Securities  and  Exchange  Commission,  will  be  provided  free  of  charge  to  any  shareholder  upon 
written request. For more information contact: 

Investor Relations Department 
Universal Forest Products, Inc. 
2801 East Beltline NE 
Grand Rapids, MI 49525 
Telephone:  (616) 364-6161 
Web:  www.ufpi.com 

SECURITIES COUNSEL 

Varnum, LLP 
Grand Rapids, MI 

INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM 

Deloitte & Touche LLP 
Grand Rapids, MI 

TRANSFER AGENT/SHAREHOLDER INQUIRIES 

American Stock Transfer & Trust Company serves as the transfer agent for the Corporation. Inquiries relating to stock 
transfers, changes of ownership, lost or stolen stock certificates, changes of address, and dividend payments should be 
addressed to: 

American Stock Transfer & Trust Co. 
6201 15th Ave 
Brooklyn, NY 11219 
Telephone:  (800) 937-5449 

UNIVERSAL FOREST PRODUCTS®, INC., CORPORATE HEADQUARTERS 

2801 East Beltline NE 
Grand Rapids, MI 49525 
Telephone:  (616) 364-6161 
Facsimile:  (616) 364-5558 

58 

Schertz, TX 
Selma, AL 
Shanghai, China 
Shawnee, OK 
Shibuya-ku, Tokyo, Japan 
Sidney, NY 
Snohomish, WA 
Spring Lake, MI 
Stanfield, NC 
Stockertown, PA 
Swindon, Wiltshire, United Kingdom 
Tacoma, WA 
Thomaston, GA 
Thornton, CA 
Union City, GA 
Warrens, WI 
Washington, NC 
Wenatchee, WA 
White Bear Lake, MN 
White Pigeon, MI 
Windsor, CO 
Woodburn, OR 
Wujiang City, China 
Yakima, WA 
Yeerongpilly, QLD, Australia 

UNIVERSAL FOREST PRODUCTS®, INC., AND ITS AFFILIATES 

Locations: 

Ashburn, GA 
Athena, OR 
Auburn, NY 
Auburndale, FL 
Aurora, CO 
Bangalore, India 
Barnesville, GA 
Belchertown, MA 
Berlin, NJ 
Biscoe, NC 
Blanchester, OH 
Bomaderry, NSW, Australia 
Bridgeton, MO 
Burlington, NC 
Cedar Hill, TX 
Chaffee, NY 
Chandler, AZ 
Chesapeake, VA 
Chicago, IL 
Chino, CA 
Church Hill, TN 
Clinton, NC 
Columbia, MD 
Concord, Ontario, Canada 
Conway, SC 
Cordele, GA 
Dallas, TX 
Dayton, OH 
Durango, Mexico 
Eagan, MN 
Earth City, MO 
Eatonton, GA 
Elizabeth City, NC 
Elkhart, IN 
Elkwood, VA 
Embalaje, Mexico 
Erskine Park, NSW, Australia 
Folkston, GA 
Franklinton, NC 
Fredericksburg, VA 
Gainesville, GA 
Gilmer, TX 
Gordon, PA 
Grand Rapids, MI 
Grandview, TX 
Granger, IN 
Greene, ME 
Haleyville, AL 
Hamilton, OH 
Harrisonville, MO 

Hillsboro, TX 
Hudson, NY 
Huntsville, TX 
Janesville, WI 
Jefferson, GA 
Jeffersonville, IN 
Kansas City, MO 
Kearneysville, WV 
Kyle, TX 
Lacolle, Quebec, Canada 
Lafayette, CO 
Liberty, NC 
Lockhart, FL 
Locust, NC 
Magna, UT 
McMinnville, OR 
Medley, FL 
Merciditas, Puerto Rico 
Mexico City, Mexico 
Minneota, MN 
Morristown, TN 
Moultrie, GA 
Muscle Shoals, AL 
Nampa, ID 
Nappanee, IN 
Naugatuck, CT 
New Delhi, India 
New Hartford, NY 
New London, NC 
New Waverly, TX 
New Windsor, MD 
New York, NY 
Ontario, CA 
Ooltewah, TN 
Parker, PA 
Pearisburg, VA 
Peru, IL 
Plainville, MA 
Poulsbo, WA 
Prairie du Chien, WI 
Puyallup, WA 
Ranson, WV 
Riverside, CA 
Rockwell, NC 
Saginaw, MI 
Saginaw, TX 
Salina, KS 
Salisbury, NC 
San Antonio, TX 
Sauk Rapids, MN 

59 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
LIST OF REGISTRANT'S SUBSIDIARIES AND AFFILIATES 

  UFP Gear, LLC 
  UFP Global Holdings Limited 
  UFP Gordon, LLC 
  UFP Grandview, LLC 
  UFP Granger, LLC 
  UFP Great Lakes, LLC 
  UFP Gulf, LLC 
  UFP Haleyville, LLC 
  UFP Hamilton, LLC 
  UFP Harrisonville, LLC 
  UFP Hillsboro, LLC 
  UFP International Employment Services, LLC  
  UFP International, LLC 

  Delaware 
11032 Tidewater Trail, LLC 
  Delaware 
234 Springs Rd., LLC 
  Delaware 
2875 Needmore Rd. LLC 
621 Hall St., LLC 
  Delaware 
Aljoma Holding Company, LLC    Michigan 
Aljoma Lumber, Inc. 
Ardellis Insurance Ltd. 
CA Truss, Inc. 
Caliper Building Systems, LLC 
Eovations, LLC 
Gulf Coast Components, LLC 
Horizon Terra, Incorporated 
Idaho Western, Inc. 
idX (China) Display System Co., 
Ltd. 
idX (India) Display Private Ltd. 
idX Asia Fixtures Limited 
idX Asia Trading Limited 
idX Chicago, LLC 
idX Corporation 
idX Corporation London Limited   England and Wales ltd. Corp.  UFP Mexico Embalaje y Distribution, S. de R.L. 

  UFP Janesville, LLC 
  UFP Kyle, LLC 
  UFP Lafayette, LLC 
  UFP Lansing, LLC 
  UFP Magna, LLC 
  UFP McMinnville, LLC 

  Florida 
  Bermuda 
  Michigan 
  Michigan 
  Michigan 
  Michigan 
  Indiana 
  Idaho 

  China 
  India 
  Hong Kong 
  Hong Kong 
  Delaware 
  Delaware 

idX Dallas, LLC 
idX Dayton, LLC 
idX Holdings, Inc. 
idX Impressions, LLC 
idX Los Angeles, LLC 
idX Mexico, S. de R.L. de C.V. 
idX Shanghai Trading Company, 
Ltd. 
Integra International Pty Ltd 
Integra Packaging Pty Ltd 
Landura, LLC 
Maine Ornamental, LLC 
Metaworld Technologies, LLC 
Mid-Atlantic Framing, LLC 
North Atlantic Framing, LLC 
Pacific Coast Showcase, Inc. 
Pinelli Universal TKT, S de R.L. 
de C.V. 
Pinelli Universal, S de R.L. de 
C.V. 
PR Distribution, LLC 
Shawnlee Construction, L.L.C. 
Shepardville Construction, LLC 
Store Fixtures Canada Holdings, 
Inc. 
The UBEECO Group Pty Ltd 
TKT Real State, S. de R.L. de 
C.V. 
Tresstar, LLC 
Triangle Systems, Inc. 
U.F.P. Mexico Holdings, S. de 
R.L.de CV 
UFP Albuquerque, LLC 
UFP Altoona, LLC 
UFP Ashburn, LLC 
UFP Atlantic Division, LLC 
UFP Atlantic, LLC 
UFP Auburndale, LLC 

  Delaware 
  Delaware 
  Delaware 
  Delaware 
  Delaware 
  Mexico 
  China 

  Australia 
  Australia 
  Texas 
  Michigan 
  Michigan 
  Michigan 
  Michigan 
  Washington 

de C. V. 

  UFP Mexico Investment, LLC 
  UFP Mid-Atlantic, LLC 
  UFP Minneota, LLC 
  UFP Morristown, LLC 
  UFP Moultrie, LLC 
  UFP Mountain West, LLC 
  UFP Nappanee, LLC 

  UFP National Enterprises II, Inc. 
  UFP New London, LLC 
  UFP New Waverly, LLC 
  UFP New Windsor, LLC 
  UFP New York, LLC 
  UFP North Atlantic, LLC 
  UFP Northeast, LLC 
  UFP Orlando, LLC 

  Mexico 

  UFP Parker, LLC 

  Mexico 
  Puerto Rico 
  Michigan 
  Michigan 

  Delaware 
  Australia 

  Mexico 
  Michigan 
  New York 

  Mexico 
  Michigan 
  Michigan 
  Michigan 
  Michigan 
  Michigan 
  Michigan 

  UFP Purchasing, Inc. 
  UFP Ranson, LLC 
  UFP Real Estate, LLC 
  UFP Riverside, LLC 

  UFP Rockwell, LLC 
  UFP Saginaw, LLC 

  UFP Salisbury, LLC 
  UFP San Antonio, LLC 
  UFP Sauk Rapids, LLC 

  UFP Schertz, LLC 
  UFP Shawnee, LLC 
  UFP Southeast, LLC 
  UFP Southwest, LLC 
  UFP Stockertown, LLC 
  UFP Tampa, LLC 
  UFP Thomaston, LLC 

EXHIBIT 21 

  Michigan 
  United Kingdom
  Michigan 
  Michigan 
  Michigan 
  Michigan 
  Michigan 
  Michigan 
  Michigan 
  Michigan 
  Michigan 
  Michigan 
  Michigan 

  Michigan 
  Michigan 
  Michigan 
  Michigan 
  Michigan 
  Michigan 
  Mexico 

  Michigan 
  Michigan 
  Michigan 
  Michigan 
  Michigan 
  Michigan 
  Michigan 

  Michigan 
  Michigan 
  Michigan 
  Michigan 
  Michigan 
  Michigan 
  Michigan 
  Michigan 

  Michigan 

  Michigan 
  Michigan 
  Michigan 
  Michigan 

  Michigan 
  Michigan 

  Michigan 
  Michigan 
  Michigan 

  Michigan 
  Michigan 
  Michigan 
  Michigan 
  Michigan 
  Michigan 
  Michigan 

 
 
 
 
 
 
  Michigan 
UFP Aurora, LLC 
  Australia 
UFP Australia Pty Ltd 
UFP Australia Real Estate Pty Ltd   Australia 
  Michigan 
UFP Barnesville, LLC 
  Michigan 
UFP Belchertown, LLC 
  Michigan 
UFP Berlin, LLC 
  Michigan 
UFP Biscoe, LLC 
  Michigan 
UFP Blanchester, LLC 
  Michigan 
UFP Caldwell, LLC 
  Canada 
UFP Canada, Inc. 
  Michigan 
UFP Central Plains, LLC 
  Michigan 
UFP Chandler, LLC 
  Michigan 
UFP Chicago, LLC 
  Michigan 
UFP Dallas, LLC 
  Michigan 
UFP Distribution, LLC 
  Michigan 
UFP Eagan, LLC 
  Michigan 
UFP East Central, LLC 
  Michigan 
UFP Eastern Division, Inc. 

UFP Eatonton, LLC 
UFP Elizabeth City, LLC 
UFP Elkwood, LLC 
UFP Far West, LLC 
UFP Folkston, LLC 

UFP Franklinton, LLC 
UFP Gainesville, LLC 

  Michigan 
  Michigan 
  Michigan 
  Michigan 
  Michigan 

  Michigan 
  Michigan 

  UFP Thornton, LLC 
  UFP Transportation, Inc. 
  UFP Union City, LLC 
  UFP Ventures II, Inc. 
  UFP Warranty Corporation 
  UFP Warrens, LLC 
  UFP Washington, LLC 
  UFP Western Division, Inc. 
  UFP White Bear Lake, LLC 
  UFP Windsor, LLC 
  UFP Woodburn, LLC 
  United Lumber & Reman, LLC 
  Universal Consumer Products, Inc. 
  Universal Forest Products RMS, LLC 
  Universal Forest Products Texas LLC 
  Universal Forest Products, Inc. 
  Universal Showcase ULC 
  Upshur Forest Products, LLC 

  Michigan 
  Michigan 
  Michigan 
  Michigan 
  Michigan 
  Michigan 
  Michigan 
  Michigan 
  Michigan 
  Michigan 
  Michigan 
  Alabama 
  Michigan 
  Michigan 
  Michigan 
  Michigan 
  Alberta 
  Michigan 

Western Building Professionals of California II 
Limited Partnership 

  Michigan 
  Western Building Professionals of California, Inc.   Michigan 
  Michigan 
  Western Building Professionals, LLC 
  Michigan 
  Yard & Home, LLC 
  Texas 
  Pinelli Lumber, Inc. 

TIBASA Universal Forest Products S. de R.L. de 
C.V. 

  idX Amsterdam B.V. 

  Mexico 
  Amsterdam 

 
 
 
   
   
   
 
Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm 

We  consent  to  the  incorporation  by  reference  in  Registration  Statement  Form  S-8  for  various  employee  option  and 
incentive  stock  plans  (Registration  Statement  Nos.  33-81128,  333-60630,  333-150345,  333-156596,  and  33-84632)  of 
our reports dated February 28, 2018, relating to the consolidated financial statements of Universal Forest Products, Inc. 
and  subsidiaries  (the  “Company”),  and  the  effectiveness  of  the  Company’s  internal  control  over  financial  reporting, 
appearing in this Annual Report on Form 10-K of the Company for the year ended December 30, 2017. 

Exhibit 23 

/s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP 

Grand Rapids, Michigan 

February 28, 2018 

 
 
Universal Forest Products, Inc. 

Certification 

Exhibit 31(a) 

I, Matthew J. Missad, certify that: 

1.           I have reviewed this report on Form 10-K of Universal Forest Products, Inc.; 

2.           Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a 

material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements 
were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report; 

3.           Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly 

present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as 
of, and for, the periods presented in this report; 

4.           The registrant's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls 

and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial 
reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have: 

a.           Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures 

to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, 
including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly 
during the period in which this report is being prepared; 

b.           Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial 
reporting to designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability 
of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance 
with generally accepted accounting principles; 

c.           Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this 
report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end 
of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and 

d.           Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that 

occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the 
case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the 
registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and 

5.           The registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal 
control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the Audit Committee of registrant's Board of 
Directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): 

a.           All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over 

financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, 
process, summarize and report financial information; and 

b.           Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a 

significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting. 

Date: 

February 28, 2018 

/s/ Matthew J. Missad 
Matthew J. Missad 
Chief Executive Officer and 
Principal Executive Officer 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Universal Forest Products, Inc. 

Certification 

Exhibit 31(b) 

I, Michael R. Cole, certify that: 

1.           I have reviewed this report on Form 10-K of Universal Forest Products, Inc.; 

2.           Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a 

material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements 
were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report; 

3.           Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly 

present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as 
of, and for, the periods presented in this report; 

4.           The registrant's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls 

and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial 
reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have: 

a.           Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures 

to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, 
including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly 
during the period in which this report is being prepared; 

b.           Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial 
reporting to designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability 
of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance 
with generally accepted accounting principles; 

c.           Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this 
report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end 
of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and 

d.           Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that 

occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the 
case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the 
registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and 

5.           The registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal 
control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the Audit Committee of registrant's Board of 
Directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): 

a.           All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over 

financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, 
process, summarize and report financial information; and 

b.           Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a 

significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting. 

Date: 

February 28, 2018 

/s/ Michael R. Cole 
Michael R. Cole 
Chief Financial Officer, 
Principal Financial Officer and 
Principal Accounting Officer 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CERTIFICATE OF THE 
CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER OF 
UNIVERSAL FOREST PRODUCTS, INC. 

Exhibit 32(a) 

Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (18 U.S.C. 1350): 

I,  Matthew  J.  Missad,  Chief  Executive  Officer  of  Universal  Forest  Products,  Inc.,  certify,  to  the  best  of  my 

knowledge and belief, pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (18 U.S.C. 1350) that: 

(1)         The report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 30, 2017, which this statement accompanies, 

fully complies with requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and 

(2)         The information contained in this report on Form 10-K for the period ended December 30, 2017 fairly 

presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of Universal Forest Products, Inc. 

Date:  February 28, 2018 

UNIVERSAL FOREST PRODUCTS, INC. 

By: /s/ Matthew J. Missad 
  Matthew J. Missad 
Its:  Chief Executive Officer and 
Principal Executive Officer 

The  signed  original  of  this  written  statement  required  by  Section  906,  or  any  other  document  authenticating, 
acknowledging,  or  otherwise  adopting  the  signature  that  appears  in  typed  form  within  the  electronic  version  of  this 
written statement required by Section 906, has been provided to Universal Forest Products, Inc. and will be retained by 
Universal Forest Products, Inc. and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CERTIFICATE OF THE 
CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER OF 
UNIVERSAL FOREST PRODUCTS, INC. 

Exhibit 32(b) 

Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (18 U.S.C. 1350): 

I,  Michael  R.  Cole,  Chief  Financial  Officer  of  Universal  Forest  Products,  Inc.,  certify,  to  the  best  of  my 

knowledge and belief, pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (18 U.S.C. 1350) that: 

(1)         The report on Form 10-K for the period ended December 30, 2017, which this statement accompanies, 

fully complies with requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and 

(2)         The information contained in this report on Form 10-K for the period ended December 30, 2017 fairly 

presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of Universal Forest Products, Inc. 

Date:  February 28, 2018 

UNIVERSAL FOREST PRODUCTS, INC. 

By: /s/ Michael R. Cole 
  Michael R. Cole 
Its:  Chief Financial Officer, 

Principal Financial Officer and 
Principal Accounting Officer 

The  signed  original  of  this  written  statement  required  by  Section  906,  or  any  other  document  authenticating, 
acknowledging,  or  otherwise  adopting  the  signature  that  appears  in  typed  form  within  the  electronic  version  of  this 
written statement required by Section 906, has been provided to Universal Forest Products, Inc. and will be retained by 
Universal Forest Products, Inc. and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.