Union Pacific
Annual Report 2013

Plain-text annual report

UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549 FORM 10-K ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2013 (Mark One) [X] [ ] OR TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the transition period from __________ to ____________ Commission File Number 1-6075 UNION PACIFIC CORPORATION (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) UTAH (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) 13-2626465 (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) 1400 DOUGLAS STREET, OMAHA, NEBRASKA (Address of principal executive offices) 68179 (Zip Code) (402) 544-5000 (Registrant’s telephone number, including area code) Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: Title of each Class Common Stock (Par Value $2.50 per share)  Name of each exchange on which registered New York Stock Exchange, Inc. Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.  Yes (cid:31) No             Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. (cid:31) Yes  No Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.  Yes (cid:31) No Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Website, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).  Yes (cid:31) No Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (§229.405 of this chapter) is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of the registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K.  Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. Large accelerated filer  Accelerated filer (cid:31) Non-accelerated filer (cid:31) Smaller reporting company (cid:31)  Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). (cid:31) Yes  No As of June 28, 2013, the aggregate market value of the registrant’s Common Stock held by non-affiliates (using the New York Stock Exchange closing price) was $71.3 billion. The number of shares outstanding of the registrant’s Common Stock as of January 31, 2014 was 455,057,609. Documents Incorporated by Reference – Portions of the registrant’s definitive Proxy Statement for the Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be held on May 15, 2014, are incorporated by reference into Part III of this report. The registrant’s Proxy Statement will be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Regulation 14A. UNION PACIFIC CORPORATION TABLE OF CONTENTS CEO’s Letter ........................................................................................................... 3 Directors and Senior Management ......................................................................... 4 PART I Item 1. Item 1A. Item 1B. Item 2. Item 3. Item 4. Business ................................................................................................................. 5 Risk Factors ............................................................................................................ 10 Unresolved Staff Comments ................................................................................... 13 Properties ................................................................................................................ 14 Legal Proceedings .................................................................................................. 17 Mine Safety Disclosures ......................................................................................... 18 Executive Officers of the Registrant and Principal Executive Officers of Subsidiaries ..................................................................................... 19 Item 5. Market for the Registrant’s Common Equity, Related PART II Item 6. Item 7. Item 7A. Item 8. Item 9. Item 9A. Item 9B. Item 10. Item 11. Item 12. Item 13. Item 14. Item 15. Stockholder Matters, and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities .................... 20 Selected Financial Data .......................................................................................... 22 Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations ................................................................ 23 Critical Accounting Policies ..................................................................................... 41 Cautionary Information ............................................................................................ 46 Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk .................................. 47 Financial Statements and Supplementary Data ...................................................... 48 Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm .................................... 49 Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure ................................................................ 83 Controls and Procedures ........................................................................................ 83 Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting ........................................................................................... 84 Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm .................................... 85 Other Information .................................................................................................... 86 PART III Directors, Executive Officers, and Corporate Governance ..................................... 86 Executive Compensation ........................................................................................ 86 Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters ............................................... 87 Certain Relationships and Related Transactions and Director Independence ..................................................................................... 87 Principal Accountant Fees and Services ................................................................. 87 PART IV Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules ................................................................ 88 Signatures ............................................................................................................... 89 Certifications ........................................................................................................... 99 2 Fellow Shareholders: February 7, 2014 2013 was another tremendous year for Union Pacific, with our overall financial performance exceeding all previous milestones. The year was a testament to the strength and diversity of our franchise and the dedication and commitment of our employees. We achieved record earnings of $9.42 per share, driven by a best-ever operating ratio of 66.1 percent. As a result, our return on invested capital* of 14.7 percent also hit an all-time high, while free cash flow* exceeded the $2 billion mark. Shareholders were rewarded with increased financial returns, including a 19 percent increase in dividends declared per share compared to 2012 and $2.2 billion in share repurchases, up 50 percent from 2012. UP’s stock price reached new highs in 2013, increasing 34 percent, and outpaced the S&P 500 by 4 percentage points. Despite the challenges from a significantly weaker coal market and the carry-over impact of the 2012 drought on our grain shipments, other markets within our diverse portfolio of business, including automotive, base chemicals, shale-related moves, construction-related shipments, and domestic intermodal traffic were positive. Operationally, we successfully managed the shifts in business mix, improved network efficiency and fluidity, and operated a safe railroad. Excellent service is the key to our future success. It provides the value that attracts and retains our customers, supports our pricing initiatives, and improves resource utilization. It also demonstrates the power of our value proposition to new customers that are looking for viable transportation alternatives. But, above all, it is our unrelenting focus on safety that serves as the foundation for everything we do. With our Total Safety Culture and The UP Way instilled throughout the Company, employee injuries hit a near-record low in 2013. We’re proud of the significant improvement we’ve made, lowering our personal injury rate more than 45 percent over the past decade. As proud as we are of these results, the most important numbers are zero fatalities and zero injuries, which is our ultimate goal. Our capital investments play a critical role in meeting the long-term demand for freight transportation in the U.S. In 2013, we invested $3.6 billion across our network. Over half was spent on replacing and hardening our infrastructure to further enhance safety and reliability. The balance was invested to increase customer value, support business growth, and continue development of Positive Train Control (PTC), a federally mandated program. Although we achieved best-ever financial returns to support these investments, our returns must continue to improve to support higher asset replacement costs and our safety, service, and growth initiatives. In an evolving marketplace, our diverse franchise is unparalleled in the industry today. Supporting six strong business groups, it remains an absolute core strength of Union Pacific. An increasing U.S. population base will stimulate long-term growth for many of the goods we carry. To meet this growing demand, we anticipate continued opportunities to convert freight from the highway, supported by our integrated network, competitive service offerings, and environmental advantages. Global population growth will also stimulate world food demand. Union Pacific plays a vital role in the supply chains for domestic and export grain, supporting our country’s position as the top global corn producer. With a resurging chemical industry fueled by low natural gas prices and continued strength in the construction and housing markets, Union Pacific’s manifest network is well positioned to meet the growing demand for various chemical and industrial products. In addition, UP is the only railroad that serves all six major gateways to Mexico. We are in an excellent position to benefit from economic growth in that country. Union Pacific currently touches more than two-thirds of the goods moving cross-border by rail and is uniquely poised to accommodate forecasted growth in Mexico automotive production and manufacturing activity. We will build on these strengths and opportunities for profitable growth in the future, while continuing our unrelenting focus on both safety and service for our customers. We strongly believe in the power and potential of the Union Pacific franchise to drive even greater performance on all fronts and increase shareholder returns in the years to come. President & Chief Executive Officer 3 *See Item 7 of this report for reconciliations to U.S. GAAP. DIRECTORS AND SENIOR MANAGEMENT BOARD OF DIRECTORS Andrew H. Card, Jr. Executive Director of the Office of the Provost and Vice President of Academic Affairs, Texas A&M University Board Committees: Audit, Finance Erroll B. Davis, Jr. Superintendent Atlanta Public Schools Board Committees: Compensation and Benefits (Chair), Corporate Governance and Nominating Thomas J. Donohue President and Chief Executive Officer U.S. Chamber of Commerce Board Committees: Compensation and Benefits, Corporate Governance and Nominating Archie W. Dunham Retired Chairman ConocoPhillips Board Committees: Corporate Governance and Nominating, Finance SENIOR MANAGEMENT John J. Koraleski President and Chief Executive Officer Union Pacific Corporation and Chief Executive Officer Union Pacific Railroad Company Lance M. Fritz President and Chief Operating Officer Union Pacific Railroad Company Eric L. Butler Executive Vice President- Marketing and Sales Union Pacific Railroad Company Diane K. Duren Executive Vice President and Corporate Secretary Union Pacific Corporation Mary Sanders Jones Vice President and Treasurer Union Pacific Corporation Thomas F. McLarty III President McLarty Associates Board Committees: Compensation and Benefits, Corporate Governance and Nominating Steven R. Rogel Retired Chairman Weyerhaeuser Company Lead Independent Director Board Committees: Compensation and Benefits, Corporate Governance and Nominating (Chair) Jose H. Villarreal Advisor Akin, Gump, Strauss, Hauer & Feld, LLP Board Committees: Audit, Compensation and Benefits James R. Young Chairman Union Pacific Corporation and Union Pacific Railroad Company Judith Richards Hope Emerita Professor of Law and Distinguished Visitor from Practice Georgetown University Law Center Board Committees: Corporate Governance and Nominating, Finance John J. Koraleski President and Chief Executive Officer Union Pacific Corporation and Chief Executive Officer Union Pacific Railroad Company Charles C. Krulak General, USMC, Ret. President Birmingham – Southern College Board Committees: Audit, Finance Michael R. McCarthy Chairman McCarthy Group, LLC Board Committees: Audit, Finance (Chair) Michael W. McConnell General Partner and Former Managing Partner Brown Brothers Harriman & Co. Board Committees: Audit (Chair), Finance D. Lynn Kelley Vice President–Supply and Continuous Improvement Union Pacific Railroad Company Cameron A. Scott Executive Vice President – Operations Union Pacific Railroad Company Robert M. Knight, Jr. Executive Vice President–Finance and Chief Financial Officer Union Pacific Corporation Joseph E. O’Connor, Jr. Vice President–Labor Relations Union Pacific Railroad Company Patrick J. O’Malley Vice President–Taxes and General Tax Counsel Union Pacific Corporation Michael A. Rock Vice President–External Relations Union Pacific Corporation Lynden L. Tennison Senior Vice President and Chief Information Officer Union Pacific Corporation Gayla L. Thal Senior Vice President–Law and General Counsel Union Pacific Corporation Jeffrey P. Totusek Vice President and Controller Union Pacific Corporation Robert W. Turner Senior Vice President– Corporate Relations Union Pacific Corporation 4   Item 1. Business GENERAL PART I Union Pacific Railroad is the principal operating company of Union Pacific Corporation. One of America's most recognized companies, Union Pacific Railroad links 23 states in the western two-thirds of the country by rail, providing a critical link in the global supply chain. The Railroad’s diversified business mix includes Agricultural Products, Automotive, Chemicals, Coal, Industrial Products and Intermodal. Union Pacific serves many of the fastest-growing U.S. population centers, operates from all major West Coast and Gulf Coast ports to eastern gateways, connects with Canada's rail systems and is the only railroad serving all six major Mexico gateways. Union Pacific provides value to its roughly 10,000 customers by delivering products in a safe, reliable, fuel-efficient and environmentally responsible manner. Union Pacific Corporation was incorporated in Utah in 1969 and maintains its principal executive offices at 1400 Douglas Street, Omaha, NE 68179. The telephone number at that address is (402) 544-5000. The common stock of Union Pacific Corporation is listed on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) under the symbol “UNP”. For purposes of this report, unless the context otherwise requires, all references herein to “UPC”, “Corporation”, “Company”, “we”, “us”, and “our” shall mean Union Pacific Corporation and its subsidiaries, including Union Pacific Railroad Company, which we separately refer to as “UPRR” or the “Railroad”. Available Information – Our Internet website is www.up.com. We make available free of charge on our website (under the “Investors” caption link) our Annual Reports on Form 10-K; our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q; eXtensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL) documents; our current reports on Form 8- K; our proxy statements; Forms 3, 4, and 5, filed on behalf of our directors and certain executive officers; and amendments to such reports filed or furnished pursuant to the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the Exchange Act). We provide these reports and statements as soon as reasonably practicable after such material is electronically filed with, or furnished to, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). We also make available on our website previously filed SEC reports and exhibits via a link to EDGAR on the SEC’s Internet site at www.sec.gov. Additionally, our corporate governance materials, including By-Laws, Board Committee charters, governance guidelines and policies, and codes of conduct and ethics for directors, officers, and employees are available on our website. From time to time, the corporate governance materials on our website may be updated as necessary to comply with rules issued by the SEC and the NYSE or as desirable to promote the effective and efficient governance of our company. Any security holder wishing to receive, without charge, a copy of any of our SEC filings or corporate governance materials should send a written request to: Secretary, Union Pacific Corporation, 1400 Douglas Street, Omaha, NE 68179. We have included the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and Chief Financial Officer (CFO) certifications regarding our public disclosure required by Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 as Exhibits 31(a) and (b) to this report. References to our website address in this report, including references in Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, Item 7, are provided as a convenience and do not constitute, and should not be deemed, an incorporation by reference of the information contained on, or available through, the website. Therefore, such information should not be considered part of this report. OPERATIONS The Railroad, along with its subsidiaries and rail affiliates, is our one reportable operating segment. Although we provide revenue by commodity group, we analyze the net financial results of the Railroad as one segment due to the integrated nature of our rail network. Additional information regarding our business and operations, including revenue and financial information and data and other information regarding environmental matters, is presented in Risk Factors, Item 1A; Legal Proceedings, Item 3; Selected Financial Data, Item 6; Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, Item 7; and the Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, Item 8 (which include information regarding revenues, statements of income, and total assets). 5   2013 Freight Revenue Operations – UPRR is a Class I railroad operating in the U.S. We have 31,838 route miles, linking Pacific Coast and Gulf Coast ports with the Midwest and eastern U.S. gateways and providing several corridors to key Mexican gateways. We serve the western two-thirds of the country and maintain coordinated schedules with other rail carriers to move freight to and from the Atlantic Coast, the Pacific Coast, the Southwest, Canada, and Mexico. Export and import traffic moves through Gulf Coast and Pacific Coast ports and across the Mexican and Canadian borders. Our freight traffic consists of bulk, manifest, and premium business. Bulk traffic primarily consists of coal, grain, soda ash, rock and crude oil shipped in unit trains – trains transporting a single commodity from one source to one destination. Manifest traffic includes individual carload or less than train-load business involving commodities such as lumber, steel, paper, food and chemicals. The transportation of finished vehicles, auto parts, intermodal containers and truck trailers are included as part of our premium business. In 2013, we generated freight revenues totaling $20.7 billion from the following six commodity groups: the Southeast, Agricultural – Transportation of grains, commodities produced from these grains, and food and beverage products generated 16% of the Railroad’s 2013 freight revenue. The Company accesses most major grain markets, linking the Midwest and western U.S. producing areas to export terminals in the Pacific Northwest and Gulf Coast ports, as well as Mexico. We also serve significant domestic markets, including grain processors, animal feeders and ethanol producers in the Midwest, West, South and Rocky Mountain states. Unit trains, which transport a single commodity between producers and export terminals or domestic markets, represent approximately 36% of our agricultural shipments. Automotive – We are the largest automotive carrier west of the Mississippi River and operate or access over 40 vehicle distribution centers. The Railroad’s extensive franchise serves vehicle assembly plants and connects to West Coast ports and the Gulf of Mexico to accommodate both import and export shipments. In addition to transporting finished vehicles, UP provides expedited handling of automotive parts in both boxcars and intermodal containers destined for Mexico, the U.S. and Canada. The automotive group generated 10% of Union Pacific’s freight revenue in 2013. Chemicals – Transporting chemicals generated 17% of our freight revenue in 2013. The Railroad’s unique franchise serves the chemical producing areas along the Gulf Coast, where roughly two-thirds of the Company’s chemical business originates, terminates or travels. Our chemical franchise also accesses chemical producers in the Rocky Mountains and on the West Coast. The Company’s chemical shipments include four broad categories: Petrochemicals, Fertilizer, Soda Ash, and Other. Petrochemicals include industrial chemicals, plastics and petroleum products, including crude oil and liquid petroleum gases. Currently, these products move primarily to and from the Gulf Coast region. Fertilizer movements originate in the Gulf Coast region, the western U.S. and Canada (through interline access) for delivery to major agricultural users in the Midwest, western U.S., as well as abroad. Soda ash originates in southwestern Wyoming and California, destined for chemical and glass producing markets in North America and abroad. Other shipments include sodium products, phosphorus rock and sulfur. Coal – Shipments of coal and petroleum coke accounted for 19% of our freight revenue in 2013. The Railroad’s network supports the transportation of coal and petroleum coke to independent and regulated power companies and industrial facilities throughout the U.S. Through interchange gateways and ports, UP’s reach extends to eastern U.S. utilities, Mexico, Europe and Asia. Water terminals allow the Railroad to move western U.S. coal east via the Mississippi and Ohio Rivers, as well as the Great Lakes. Export coal moves through West Coast ports to Asia and through the Mississippi River and Houston to Europe. Coal traffic originating in the Southern Powder River Basin (SPRB) area of Wyoming is the largest segment of UP’s coal business. Industrial Products – Our extensive network facilitates the movement of numerous commodities between thousands of origin and destination points throughout North America. The Industrial Products group consists of several categories, including construction products, minerals, consumer goods, metals, 6 lumber, paper, and other miscellaneous products. In 2013, this group generated 18% of Union Pacific’s total freight revenue. Commercial, residential and governmental infrastructure investments drive shipments of steel, aggregates (cement components), cement and wood products. Oil and gas drilling generates demand for raw steel, finished pipe, frac sand, stone and drilling fluid commodities. Industrial and light manufacturing plants receive steel, nonferrous materials, minerals and other raw materials. Paper and packaging commodities, as well as appliances, move to major metropolitan areas for consumers. Lumber shipments originate primarily in the Pacific Northwest and western Canada and move throughout the U.S. for use in new home construction and repair and remodeling. Intermodal – Our Intermodal business includes two segments: international and domestic. International business consists of import and export container traffic that mainly passes through West Coast ports served by UP’s extensive terminal network. Domestic business includes container and trailer traffic picked up and delivered within North America for intermodal marketing companies (primarily shipper agents and logistics companies), as well as truckload carriers. Less-than-truckload and package carriers with time- sensitive business requirements are also an important part of domestic shipments. Together, international and domestic business generated 20% of UP’s 2013 freight revenue. Seasonality – Some of the commodities we carry have peak shipping seasons, reflecting either or both the nature of the commodity, such as certain agricultural and food products that have specific growing and harvesting seasons, and the demand cycle for the commodity, such as intermodal traffic, which generally has a peak shipping season during the third quarter to meet holiday-related demand for consumer goods during the fourth quarter. The peak shipping seasons for these commodities can vary considerably from year to year depending upon various factors, including the strength of domestic and international economies and currencies and the strength of harvests and market prices for agricultural products. In response to an annual request delivered by the Surface Transportation Board (STB) of the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) to all of the Class I railroads operating in the U.S., we issue a publicly available letter during the third quarter detailing our plans for handling traffic during the third and fourth quarters and providing other information requested by the STB. Working Capital – At December 31, 2013 and 2012, we had a modest working capital surplus, which provides enhanced liquidity. In addition, we believe we have adequate access to capital markets to meet any foreseeable cash requirements, and we have sufficient financial capacity to satisfy our current liabilities. Competition – We are subject to competition from other railroads, motor carriers, ship and barge operators, and pipelines. Our main railroad competitor is Burlington Northern Santa Fe LLC. Its primary subsidiary, BNSF Railway Company (BNSF), operates parallel routes in many of our main traffic corridors. In addition, we operate in corridors served by other railroads and motor carriers. Motor carrier competition exists for five of our six commodity groups (excluding most coal shipments). Because of the proximity of our routes to major inland and Gulf Coast waterways, barges can be particularly competitive, especially for grain and bulk commodities in certain areas where we operate. In addition to price competition, we face competition with respect to transit times, quality and reliability of service from motor carriers and other railroads. Motor carriers in particular can have an advantage over railroads with respect to transit times and timeliness of service. However, railroads are much more fuel efficient than trucks, which reduces the impact of transporting goods on the environment and public infrastructure, and railroads operating in the U.S., including us, have been making efforts to convert certain traffic from motor carriers to railroad service. Additionally, we must build or acquire and maintain our rail system; trucks and barges are able to use public rights-of-way maintained by public entities. Any of the following could also affect the competitiveness of our transportation services for some or all of our commodities: (i) improvements or expenditures materially increasing the quality or reducing the costs of these alternative modes of transportation, (ii) legislation that eliminates or significantly reduces the size or weight limitations applied to motor carriers, or (iii) legislation or regulatory changes that impose operating restrictions on railroads or that adversely affect the profitability of some or all railroad traffic. For more information regarding risks we face from competition, see the Risk Factors in Item 1A of this report. Key Suppliers – We depend on two key domestic suppliers of high horsepower locomotives. Due to the capital intensive nature of the locomotive manufacturing business and sophistication of this equipment, potential new suppliers face high barriers of entry into this industry. Therefore, if one of these domestic suppliers discontinues manufacturing locomotives for any reason, including insolvency or bankruptcy, we could experience a significant cost increase and risk reduced availability of the locomotives that are necessary to our operations. Additionally, for a high percentage of our rail purchases, we utilize two steel 7 producers (one domestic and one international) that meet our specifications. Rail is critical for both maintenance of our network and replacement and improvement or expansion of our network and facilities. Rail manufacturing also has high barriers of entry, and, if one of those suppliers discontinues operations for any reason, including insolvency or bankruptcy, we could experience cost increases and difficulty obtaining rail. Employees – Approximately 86% of our 46,445 full-time-equivalent employees are represented by 14 major rail unions. In 2012, we concluded the most recent round of negotiations, which began in 2010, with the ratification of new agreements by several unions. All of the unions executed similar multi-year agreements that provide for higher employee cost sharing of employee health and welfare benefits and higher wages. The current agreements will remain in effect until renegotiated under provisions of the Railway Labor Act. The next round of negotiations will begin in early 2015. Railroad Security – Our security efforts rely upon a wide variety of measures including employee training, cooperation with our customers, training of emergency responders, and partnerships with numerous federal, state, and local government agencies. While federal law requires us to protect the confidentiality of our security plans designed to safeguard against terrorism and other security incidents, the following provides a general overview of our security initiatives. UPRR Security Measures – We maintain a comprehensive security plan designed to both deter and to respond to any potential or actual threats as they arise. The plan includes four levels of alert status, each with its own set of countermeasures. We employ our own police force, consisting of more than 200 commissioned and highly-trained officers. Our employees also undergo recurrent security and preparedness training, as well as federally-mandated hazardous materials and security training. We regularly review the sufficiency of our employee training programs. We maintain the capability to move critical operations to back-up facilities in different locations. We have an emergency response management center, which operates 24 hours a day. The center receives reports of emergencies, dangerous or potentially dangerous conditions, and other safety and security issues from our employees, the public, and law enforcement and other government officials. In cooperation with government officials, we monitor both threats and public events, and, as necessary, we may alter rail traffic flow at times of concern to minimize risk to communities and our operations. We comply with the hazardous materials routing rules and other requirements imposed by federal law. We also design our operating plan to expedite the movement of hazardous material shipments to minimize the time rail cars remain idle at yards and terminals located in or near major population centers. Additionally, in compliance with Transportation Security Agency regulations, we deployed information systems and instructed employees in tracking and documenting the handoff of Rail Security Sensitive Material with customers and interchange partners. We also have established a number of our own innovative safety and security-oriented initiatives ranging from various investments in technology to The Officer on the Train program, which provides local law enforcement officers with the opportunity to ride with train crews to enhance their understanding of railroad operations and risks. Our staff of information security professionals continually assesses cyber security risks and implements mitigation programs that evolve with the changing technology threat environment. To date, we have not experienced any material disruption of our operations due to a cyber threat or attack directed at us. Cooperation with Federal, State, and Local Government Agencies – We work closely on physical and cyber security initiatives with government agencies that include the DOT and the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) as well as local police departments, fire departments, and other first responders. In conjunction with DOT, DHS, and other railroads, we sponsor Operation Respond, which provides first responders with secure links to electronic railroad resources, including mapping systems, shipment records, and other essential information required by emergency personnel to respond to accidents and other situations. We also participate in the National Joint Terrorism Task Force, a multi- agency effort established by the U.S. Department of Justice and the Federal Bureau of Investigation to combat and prevent terrorism. We work with the Coast Guard, U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP), and the Military Transport Management Command, which monitor shipments entering the UPRR rail network at U.S. border crossings and ports. We were the first railroad in the U.S. to be named a partner in CBP’s Customs- 8   Trade Partnership Against Terrorism, a partnership designed to develop, enhance, and maintain effective security processes throughout the global supply chain. Cooperation with Customers and Trade Associations – Along with other railroads, we work with the American Chemistry Council to train approximately 200,000 emergency responders annually. We work with many of our chemical shippers to establish plant security plans, and we continue to take steps to more closely monitor and track hazardous materials shipments. In cooperation with the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) and other interested groups, we are also working to develop additional improvements to tank car design that will further limit the risk of releases of hazardous materials. GOVERNMENTAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATION Governmental Regulation – Our operations are subject to a variety of federal, state, and local regulations, generally applicable to all businesses. (See also the discussion of certain regulatory proceedings in Legal Proceedings, Item 3.) The operations of the Railroad are also subject to the regulatory jurisdiction of the STB. The STB has jurisdiction over rates charged on certain regulated rail traffic; common carrier service of regulated traffic; freight car compensation; transfer, extension, or abandonment of rail lines; and acquisition of control of rail common carriers. In 2013, the STB continued its efforts to explore whether to expand rail regulation. The STB has requested parties to submit studies that describe and quantify the potential impact of expanded reciprocal switching or trackage rights arrangements on railroads. For the past several legislative sessions, proposed bills have been introduced in Congress that aim to alter the regulatory structure of the railroad industry. We will continue to monitor any legislative activity involving rail and transportation regulation and respond accordingly. The operations of the Railroad also are subject to the regulations of the FRA and other federal and state agencies. On January 12, 2010, the FRA issued initial rules governing installation of Positive Train Control (PTC) by the end of 2015. The final regulation is still forthcoming. Although still under development, PTC is a collision avoidance technology intended to override engineer controlled locomotives and stop a train before an accident. Following the issuance of the initial rules, the FRA acknowledged that projected costs will exceed projected benefits by a ratio of at least 22 to one, and we estimate that our costs will be higher than those assumed by the FRA. In August 2012, the FRA provided Congress with a status report regarding implementation of PTC. This report indicated that the rail industry will likely achieve only partial deployment of PTC by the current deadline due to significant technical and other issues. Through 2013, we have invested over $1.2 billion in the development of PTC. DOT, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration and DHS, along with other federal agencies, have jurisdiction over certain aspects of safety, movement of hazardous materials and hazardous waste, emissions requirements, and equipment standards. The Rail Safety Improvement Act of 2008, among other things, revised hours of service rules for train and certain other railroad employees, mandated implementation of PTC, imposed passenger service requirements, addressed safety at rail crossings, increased the number of safety related employees of the FRA, and increased fines that may be levied against railroads for safety violations. Additionally, various state and local agencies have jurisdiction over disposal of hazardous waste and seek to regulate movement of hazardous materials in ways not preempted by federal law. Environmental Regulation – We are subject to extensive federal and state environmental statutes and regulations pertaining to public health and the environment. The statutes and regulations are administered and monitored by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and by various state environmental agencies. The primary laws affecting our operations are the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, regulating the management and disposal of solid and hazardous wastes; the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act, regulating the cleanup of contaminated properties; the Clean Air Act, regulating air emissions; and the Clean Water Act, regulating waste water discharges. Information concerning environmental claims and contingencies and estimated remediation costs is set forth in Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Critical Accounting Policies – Environmental, Item 7 and Note 17 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data. 9   Item 1A. Risk Factors The information set forth in this Item 1A should be read in conjunction with the rest of the information included in this report, including Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, Item 7, and Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, Item 8. We Must Manage Fluctuating Demand for Our Services and Network Capacity – If there is significant demand for our services that exceeds the designed capacity of our network, we may experience network difficulties, including congestion and reduced velocity, that could compromise the level of service we provide to our customers. This level of demand may also compound the impact of weather and weather- related events on our operations and velocity. Although we continue to improve our transportation plan, add capacity, improve operations at our yards and other facilities, and improve our ability to address surges in demand for any reason with adequate resources, we cannot be sure that these measures will fully or adequately address any service shortcomings resulting from demand exceeding our planned capacity. We may experience other operational or service difficulties related to network capacity, dramatic and unplanned increases or decreases of demand for rail service with respect to one or more of our commodity groups or operating regions, or other events that could have a negative impact on our operational efficiency, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition, and liquidity. In the event that we experience significant reductions of demand for rail services with respect to one or more of our commodity groups, we may experience increased costs associated with resizing our operations, including higher unit operating costs and costs for the storage of locomotives, rail cars, and other equipment; work-force adjustments; and other related activities, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition, and liquidity. We Transport Hazardous Materials – We transport certain hazardous materials and other materials, including crude oil and toxic inhalation hazard (TIH) materials, such as chlorine, that pose certain risks in the event of a release or combustion. Additionally, U.S. laws impose common carrier obligations on railroads that require us to transport certain hazardous materials regardless of risk or potential exposure to loss. A rail accident or other incident or accident on our network, at our facilities, or at the facilities of our customers involving the release or combustion of hazardous materials could involve significant costs and claims for personal injury, property damage, and environmental penalties and remediation in excess of our insurance coverage for these risks, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition, and liquidity. We Are Subject to Significant Governmental Regulation – We are subject to governmental regulation by a significant number of federal, state, and local authorities covering a variety of health, safety, labor, environmental, economic (as discussed below), and other matters. Many laws and regulations require us to obtain and maintain various licenses, permits, and other authorizations, and we cannot guarantee that we will continue to be able to do so. Our failure to comply with applicable laws and regulations could have a material adverse effect on us. Governments or regulators may change the legislative or regulatory frameworks within which we operate without providing us any recourse to address any adverse effects on our business, including, without limitation, regulatory determinations or rules regarding dispute resolution, business relationships with other railroads, calculation of our cost of capital or other inputs relevant to computing our revenue adequacy, the prices we charge, and costs and expenses. Significant legislative activity in Congress or regulatory activity by the STB could expand regulation of railroad operations and prices for rail services, which could reduce capital spending on our rail network, facilities and equipment and have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition, and liquidity. As part of the Rail Safety Improvement Act of 2008, rail carriers must currently implement PTC by the end of 2015, which could have a material adverse effect on our ability to make other capital investments. Rail carriers likely will not meet the current mandatory deadline for PTC implementation due to various factors. Additionally, one or more consolidations of Class I railroads could also lead to increased regulation of the rail industry. We May Be Affected by General Economic Conditions – Prolonged severe adverse domestic and global economic conditions or disruptions of financial and credit markets may affect the producers and consumers of the commodities we carry and may have a material adverse effect on our access to liquidity and our results of operations and financial condition. We Face Competition from Other Railroads and Other Transportation Providers – We face competition from other railroads, motor carriers, ships, barges, and pipelines. In addition to price competition, we face competition with respect to transit times and quality and reliability of service. While we must build or 10 acquire and maintain our rail system, trucks, barges and maritime operators are able to use public rights- of-way maintained by public entities. Any future improvements or expenditures materially increasing the quality or reducing the cost of alternative modes of transportation, or legislation that eliminates or significantly reduces the burden of the size or weight limitations currently applicable to motor carriers, could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition, and liquidity. Additionally, any future consolidation of the rail industry could materially affect the competitive environment in which we operate. Severe Weather Could Result in Significant Business Interruptions and Expenditures – As a railroad with a vast network, we are exposed to severe weather conditions and other natural phenomena, including earthquakes, hurricanes, fires, floods, mudslides or landslides, extreme temperatures, and significant precipitation that may cause business interruptions, including line outages on our rail network, that can adversely affect our entire rail network and result in increased costs, increased liabilities, and decreased revenue, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition, and liquidity. We Rely on Technology and Technology Improvements in Our Business Operations – We rely on information technology in all aspects of our business. If we do not have sufficient capital to acquire new technology or if we are unable to develop or implement new technology such as PTC or the latest version of our transportation control systems, we may suffer a competitive disadvantage within the rail industry and with companies providing other modes of transportation service, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition, and liquidity. Additionally, if a cyber attack or other event causes significant disruption or failure of one or more of our information technology systems, including computer hardware, software, and communications equipment, we could suffer a significant service interruption, safety failure, security breach, or other operational difficulties, which could have a material adverse impact on our results of operations, financial condition, and liquidity. We May Be Subject to Various Claims and Lawsuits That Could Result in Significant Expenditures – As a railroad with operations in densely populated urban areas and other cities and a vast rail network, we are exposed to the potential for various claims and litigation related to labor and employment, personal injury, property damage, environmental liability, and other matters. Any material changes to litigation trends or a catastrophic rail accident or series of accidents involving any or all of property damage, personal injury, and environmental liability that exceed our insurance coverage for such risks could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition, and liquidity. We Are Subject to Significant Environmental Laws and Regulations – Due to the nature of the railroad business, our operations are subject to extensive federal, state, and local environmental laws and regulations concerning, among other things, emissions to the air; discharges to waters; handling, storage, transportation, and disposal of waste and other materials; and hazardous material or petroleum releases. We generate and transport hazardous and non-hazardous waste in our operations, and we did so in our former operations. Environmental liability can extend to previously owned or operated properties, leased properties, and properties owned by third parties, as well as to properties we currently own. Environmental liabilities have arisen and may also arise from claims asserted by adjacent landowners or other third parties in toxic tort litigation. We have been and may be subject to allegations or findings that we have violated, or are strictly liable under, these laws or regulations. We currently have certain obligations at existing sites for investigation, remediation and monitoring, and we likely will have obligations at other sites in the future. Liabilities for these obligations affect our estimate based on our experience and, as necessary, the advice and assistance of our consultants. However, actual costs may vary from our estimates due to any or all of several factors, including changes to environmental laws or interpretations of such laws, technological changes affecting investigations and remediation, the participation and financial viability of other parties responsible for any such liability and the corrective action or change to correction actions required to remediate any existing or future sites. We could incur significant costs as a result of any of the foregoing, and we may be required to incur significant expenses to investigate and remediate known, unknown, or future environmental contamination, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition, and liquidity. We May Be Affected by Climate Change and Market or Regulatory Responses to Climate Change – Climate change, including the impact of global warming, could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition, and liquidity. Restrictions, caps, taxes, or other controls on emissions of greenhouse gasses, including diesel exhaust, could significantly increase our operating costs. Restrictions on emissions could also affect our customers that (a) use commodities that we carry 11 farmers and including chemical producers, to produce energy, (b) use significant amounts of energy in producing or delivering the commodities we carry, or (c) manufacture or produce goods that consume significant amounts of energy or burn fossil fuels, food producers, and automakers and other manufacturers. Significant cost increases, government regulation, or changes of consumer preferences for goods or services relating to alternative sources of energy or emissions reductions could materially affect the markets for the commodities we carry, which in turn could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition, and liquidity. Government incentives encouraging the use of alternative sources of energy could also affect certain of our customers and the markets for certain of the commodities we carry in an unpredictable manner that could alter our traffic patterns, including, for example, the impacts of ethanol incentives on farming and ethanol producers. Finally, we could face increased costs related to defending and resolving legal claims and other litigation related to climate change and the alleged impact of our operations on climate change. Any of these factors, individually or in operation with one or more of the other factors, or other unforeseen impacts of climate change could reduce the amount of traffic we handle and have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition, and liquidity. Strikes or Work Stoppages Could Adversely Affect Our Operations as the Majority of Our Employees Belong to Labor Unions and Labor Agreements – The U.S. Class I railroads are party to collective bargaining agreements with various labor unions. Disputes with regard to the terms of these agreements or our potential inability to negotiate acceptable contracts with these unions could result in, among other things, strikes, work stoppages, slowdowns, or lockouts, which could cause a significant disruption of our operations and have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition, and liquidity. Additionally, future national labor agreements, or renegotiation of labor agreements or provisions of labor agreements, could compromise our service reliability or significantly increase our costs for health care, wages, and other benefits, which could have a material adverse impact on our results of operations, financial condition, and liquidity. The Availability of Qualified Personnel Could Adversely Affect Our Operations – Changes in demographics, training requirements, and the availability of qualified personnel could negatively affect our ability to meet demand for rail service. Unpredictable increases in demand for rail services and a lack of network fluidity may exacerbate such risks, which could have a negative impact on our operational efficiency and otherwise have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition, and liquidity. Rising or Elevated Fuel Costs and Our Ability to Mitigate These Costs with Fuel Surcharges – Fuel costs constitute a significant portion of our transportation expenses. Diesel fuel prices can be subject to dramatic fluctuations, and significant price increases could have a material adverse effect on our operating results. Although we currently are able to recover a significant amount of our fuel expenses from our customers through revenue from fuel surcharges, we cannot be certain that we will always be able to mitigate rising or elevated fuel costs through our fuel surcharges. Additionally future market conditions or legislative or regulatory activities could adversely affect our ability to apply fuel surcharges or adequately recover increased fuel costs through fuel surcharges. International, political, and economic factors, events and conditions affect fuel prices and supplies. Weather can also affect fuel supplies and limit domestic refining capacity. A severe shortage of, or disruption to, domestic fuel supplies could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition, and liquidity. We Utilize Capital Markets – Due to the significant capital expenditures required to operate and maintain a safe and efficient railroad, we rely on the capital markets to provide some of our capital requirements. We utilize long-term debt instruments, bank financing and commercial paper from time-to-time, and we pledge certain of our receivables. Significant instability or disruptions of the capital markets, including the credit markets, or deterioration of our financial condition due to internal or external factors could restrict or prohibit our access to, and significantly increase the cost of, commercial paper and other financing sources, including bank credit facilities and the issuance of long-term debt, including corporate bonds. A significant deterioration of our financial condition could result in a reduction of our credit rating to below investment grade, which could restrict, or at certain credit levels below investment grade may prohibit us, from utilizing our current receivables securitization facility. This may also limit our access to external sources of capital and significantly increase the costs of short and long-term debt financing. A Significant Portion of Our Revenue Involves Transportation of Commodities to and from International Markets – Although revenues from our operations are attributable to transportation services provided in the United States, a significant portion of our revenues involves the transportation of commodities to and 12 from international markets, including Mexico and Southeast Asia, by various carriers and, at times, various modes of transportation. Significant and sustained interruptions of trade with Mexico or countries in Southeast Asia, including China, could adversely affect customers and other entities that, directly or indirectly, purchase or rely on rail transportation services in the U.S. as part of their operations, and any such interruptions could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and liquidity. Any one or more of the following could cause a significant and sustained interruption of trade with Mexico or countries in Southeast Asia: a deterioration of security for international trade and businesses; the adverse impact of new laws, rules and regulations or the interpretation of laws, rules and regulations by government entities, courts or regulatory bodies, including taxing authorities, that affect our customers doing business in foreign countries; any significant adverse economic developments, such as extended periods of high inflation, material disruptions in the banking sector or in the capital markets of these foreign countries, and significant changes in the valuation of the currencies of these foreign countries that could materially affect the cost or value of imports or exports; shifts in patterns of international trade that adversely affect import and export markets; and a material reduction in foreign direct investment in these countries. We Are Subject to Legislative, Regulatory, and Legal Developments Involving Taxes – Taxes are a significant part of our expenses. We are subject to U.S. federal, state, and foreign income, payroll, property, sales and use, fuel, and other types of taxes. Changes in tax rates, enactment of new tax laws, revisions of tax regulations, and claims or litigation with taxing authorities could result in substantially higher taxes and, therefore, could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition, and liquidity. We Are Dependent on Certain Key Suppliers of Locomotives and Rail – Due to the capital intensive nature and sophistication of locomotive equipment, potential new suppliers face high barriers to entry. Therefore, if one of the domestic suppliers of high horsepower locomotives discontinues manufacturing locomotives for any reason, including bankruptcy or insolvency, we could experience significant cost increases and reduced availability of the locomotives that are necessary for our operations. Additionally, for a high percentage of our rail purchases, we utilize two steel producers (one domestic and one international) that meet our specifications. Rail is critical to our operations for rail replacement programs, maintenance, and for adding additional network capacity, new rail and storage yards, and expansions of existing facilities. This industry similarly has high barriers to entry, and if one of these suppliers discontinues operations for any reason, including bankruptcy or insolvency, we could experience both significant cost increases for rail purchases and difficulty obtaining sufficient rail for maintenance and other projects. We May Be Affected by Acts of Terrorism, War, or Risk of War – Our rail lines, facilities, and equipment, including rail cars carrying hazardous materials, could be direct targets or indirect casualties of terrorist attacks. Terrorist attacks, or other similar events, any government response thereto, and war or risk of war may adversely affect our results of operations, financial condition, and liquidity. In addition, insurance premiums for some or all of our current coverages could increase dramatically, or certain coverages may not be available to us in the future. Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments None. 13 Item 2. Properties We employ a variety of assets in the management and operation of our rail business. Our rail network covers 23 states in the western two-thirds of the U.S. TRACK Our rail network includes 31,838 route miles. We own 26,009 miles and operate on the remainder pursuant to trackage rights or leases. The following table describes track miles at December 31, 2013 and 2012. Route Other main line Passing lines and turnouts Switching and classification yard lines Total miles HEADQUARTERS BUILDING 2013 31,838 6,766 3,167 9,090 2012 31,868 6,715 3,124 9,046 50,861 50,753 We maintain our headquarters in Omaha, Nebraska. The facility has 1.2 million square feet of space for approximately 4,000 employees and is subject to a financing arrangement. HARRIMAN DISPATCHING CENTER The Harriman Dispatching Center (HDC), located in Omaha, Nebraska, is our primary dispatching facility. It is linked to regional dispatching and locomotive management facilities at various locations along our 14     network. HDC employees coordinate moves of locomotives and trains, manage traffic and train crews on our network, and coordinate interchanges with other railroads. Approximately 850 employees currently work on-site in the facility. In the event of a disruption of operations at HDC due to a cyber attack, flooding or severe weather or other event, we maintain the capability to conduct critical operations at back-up facilities in different locations. RAIL FACILITIES In addition to our track structure, we operate numerous facilities, including terminals for intermodal and other freight; rail yards for train-building (classification yards), switching, storage-in-transit (the temporary storage of customer goods in rail cars prior to shipment) and other activities; offices to administer and manage our operations; dispatching centers to direct traffic on our rail network; crew quarters to house train crews along our network; and shops and other facilities for fueling, maintenance, and repair of locomotives and repair and maintenance of rail cars and other equipment. The following tables include the major yards and terminals on our system: Top 10 Classification Yards North Platte, Nebraska North Little Rock, Arkansas Englewood (Houston), Texas Fort Worth, Texas Proviso (Chicago), Illinois Livonia, Louisiana Roseville, California Pine Bluff, Arkansas West Colton, California Neff (Kansas City), Missouri Top 10 Intermodal Terminals Global IV (Joliet), Illinois ICTF (Los Angeles), California East Los Angeles, California DIT (Dallas), Texas Global I (Chicago), Illinois Marion (Memphis), Tennessee City of Industry, California Global II (Chicago), Illinois Lathrop, California Mesquite, Texas RAIL EQUIPMENT Avg. Daily Car Volume 2012 2,300 1,600 1,500 1,400 1,300 1,300 1,200 1,200 1,100 1,000 Annual Lifts 2012 347,000 448,000 427,000 310,000 306,000 271,000 226,000 253,000 228,000 236,000 2013 2,300 1,600 1,600 1,400 1,400 1,300 1,200 1,100 1,100 1,100 2013 484,000 469,000 429,000 310,000 263,000 261,000 256,000 256,000 248,000 238,000 Our equipment includes owned and leased locomotives and rail cars; heavy maintenance equipment and machinery; other equipment and tools in our shops, offices, and facilities; and vehicles for maintenance, transportation of crews, and other activities. As of December 31, 2013, we owned or leased the following units of equipment: Locomotives Multiple purpose Switching Other Total locomotives Owned Leased Total 7,779 358 129 2,348 14 57 5,431 344 72 Average Age (yrs.) 18.0 33.9 34.1 5,847 2,419 8,266 N/A 15  Freight cars Covered hoppers Open hoppers Gondolas Boxcars Refrigerated cars Flat cars Other Total freight cars Highway revenue equipment Containers Chassis Owned Leased Total 27,893 12,555 11,078 5,165 6,843 3,871 350 14,531 4,284 4,711 1,400 4,192 1,181 329 13,362 8,271 6,367 3,765 2,651 2,690 21 Average Age (yrs.) 20.0 28.1 23.7 28.2 24.9 28.9 N/A 37,127 30,628 67,755 N/A Owned Leased Total 50,826 36,925 29,240 24,840 21,586 12,085 Average Age (yrs.) 7.0 8.6 Total highway revenue equipment 33,671 54,080 87,751 N/A CAPITAL EXPENDITURES Our rail network requires significant annual capital investments for replacement, improvement, and expansion. These investments enhance safety, support the transportation needs of our customers, and improve our operational efficiency. Additionally, we add new locomotives and freight cars to our fleet to replace older, less efficient equipment, to support growth and customer demand, and to reduce our impact on the environment through the acquisition of more fuel efficient and low-emission locomotives. 2013 Capital Expenditures – During 2013, we made cash and non-cash capital investments totaling $3.6 billion. (See the cash capital expenditures table in Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Liquidity and Capital Resources – Financial Condition, Item 7.) 2014 Capital Expenditures – In 2014, we expect to make capital investments of approximately $3.9 billion, which will include expenditures for PTC of approximately $450 million and may include non-cash investments. We may revise our 2014 capital plan if business conditions warrant or if new laws or regulations affect our ability to generate sufficient returns on these investments. (See discussion of our 2014 capital plan in Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – 2014 Outlook, Item 7.) OTHER Equipment Encumbrances – Equipment with a carrying value of approximately $2.9 billion at both December 31, 2013, and 2012 served as collateral for capital leases and other types of equipment obligations in accordance with the secured financing arrangements utilized to acquire or refinance such railroad equipment. As a result of the merger of Missouri Pacific Railroad Company (MPRR) with and into UPRR on January 1, 1997, and pursuant to the underlying indentures for the MPRR mortgage bonds, UPRR must maintain the same value of assets after the merger in order to comply with the security requirements of the mortgage bonds. As of the merger date, the value of the MPRR assets that secured the mortgage bonds was approximately $6.0 billion. In accordance with the terms of the indentures, this collateral value must be maintained during the entire term of the mortgage bonds irrespective of the outstanding balance of such bonds. Environmental Matters – Certain of our properties are subject to federal, state, and local laws and regulations governing the protection of the environment. (See discussion of environmental issues in Business – Governmental and Environmental Regulation, Item 1, and Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Critical Accounting Policies – Environmental, Item 7.) 16   Item 3. Legal Proceedings From time to time, we are involved in legal proceedings, claims, and litigation that occur in connection with our business. We routinely assess our liabilities and contingencies in connection with these matters based upon the latest available information and, when necessary, we seek input from our third-party advisors when making these assessments. Consistent with SEC rules and requirements, we describe below material pending legal proceedings (other than ordinary routine litigation incidental to our business), material proceedings known to be contemplated by governmental authorities, other proceedings arising under federal, state, or local environmental laws and regulations (including governmental proceedings involving potential fines, penalties, or other monetary sanctions in excess of $100,000), and such other pending matters that we may determine to be appropriate. ENVIRONMENTAL MATTERS As previously reported in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for 2012, the Illinois Attorney General's Office notified UPRR on January 14, 2013, that it will seek a penalty against the Railroad for environmental conditions caused by its predecessor at a former locomotive fueling facility in South Pekin, Illinois. This former CNW facility discontinued fueling operations in the early 1980s. Subsequent environmental investigation revealed evidence of fuel releases to soil and groundwater. In January 2007, the State rejected UPRR's proposed compliance commitment agreement and responded with a notice of intent to pursue legal action. UPRR continued to perform remedial investigations under the supervision of the Illinois EPA. In June 2012, the Illinois EPA approved UPRR's proposed remedial action plan for the contamination. Although no further action is required for the contamination, the State is now seeking to recover a penalty. The State offered to settle the matter prior to litigation for payment of a $240,000 penalty. UPRR rejected that offer, and the state sued UPRR on October 26, 2013 in the Circuit Court for the Tenth Judicial Circuit, Tazewell County, Illinois. UPRR will vigorously defend against the allegations in the complaint. Although the complaint does not state an amount for the proposed penalty, any penalty, whether payable by settlement or following an unsuccessful defense of the claim, may exceed $100,000. We received notices from the EPA and state environmental agencies alleging that we are or may be liable under federal or state environmental laws for remediation costs at various sites throughout the U.S., including sites on the Superfund National Priorities List or state superfund lists. We cannot predict the ultimate impact of these proceedings and suits because of the number of potentially responsible parties involved, the degree of contamination by various wastes, the scarcity and quality of volumetric data related to many of the sites, and the speculative nature of remediation costs. Information concerning environmental claims and contingencies and estimated remediation costs is set forth in Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Critical Accounting Policies – Environmental, Item 7. OTHER MATTERS Antitrust Litigation - As we reported in our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2007, 20 rail shippers (many of whom are represented by the same law firms) filed virtually identical antitrust lawsuits in various federal district courts against us and four other Class I railroads in the U.S. Currently, UPRR and three other Class I railroads are the named defendants in the lawsuit. The original plaintiff filed the first of these claims in the U.S. District Court in New Jersey on May 14, 2007. The number of complaints reached a total of 30. These suits allege that the named railroads engaged in price- fixing by establishing common fuel surcharges for certain rail traffic. In addition to suits filed by direct purchasers of rail transportation, a few of the suits involved plaintiffs alleging that they are or were indirect purchasers of rail transportation and sought to represent a purported class of indirect purchasers of rail transportation that paid fuel surcharges. These complaints added allegations under state antitrust and consumer protection laws. On November 6, 2007, the Judicial Panel on Multidistrict Litigation ordered that all of the rail fuel surcharge cases be transferred to Judge Paul Friedman of the U.S. District Court in the District of Columbia for coordinated or consolidated pretrial proceedings. Following numerous hearings and rulings, Judge Friedman dismissed the complaints of the indirect purchasers, which the indirect purchasers appealed. On April 16, 2010, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia affirmed Judge Friedman’s ruling dismissing the indirect purchasers’ claims based on various state laws. 17 With respect to the direct purchasers’ complaint, Judge Friedman conducted a two-day hearing on October 6 and 7, 2010, on the class certification issue and the railroad defendants’ motion to exclude evidence of interline communications. On April 7, 2011, Judge Friedman issued an order deferring any decision on class certification until the Supreme Court issued its decision in the Wal-Mart employment discrimination case. On June 21, 2012, Judge Friedman issued his decision, which certified a class of plaintiffs with eight named plaintiff representatives. The decision included in the class all shippers that paid a rate-based fuel surcharge to any one of the defendant railroads for rate-unregulated rail transportation from July 1, 2003, through December 31, 2008. This was a procedural ruling, which did not affirm any of the claims asserted by the plaintiffs and does not affect the ability of the railroad defendants to disprove the allegations made by the plaintiffs. On July 5, 2012, the defendant railroads filed a petition with the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia requesting that the court review the class certification ruling. On August 28, 2012, a panel of the Circuit Court of the District of Columbia referred the petition to a merits panel of the court to address the issues in the petition and to address whether the district court properly granted class certification. The Circuit Court heard oral arguments on May 3, 2013. On August 9, 2013, the Circuit Court vacated the class certification decision and remanded the case to the district court to reconsider the class certification decision in light of a recent Supreme Court case and incomplete consideration of errors in the expert report of the plaintiffs. On October 31, 2013, Judge Friedman approved a schedule agreed to by all parties for consideration of the class certification issue on remand. The schedule, which includes dates for briefs, expert reports and depositions, concludes in June 2014. The court has not set a date for hearing arguments on the class certification issue or any other aspect of this litigation. As we reported in our Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on June 10, 2011, the Railroad received a complaint filed in the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia on June 7, 2011, by Oxbow Carbon & Minerals LLC and related entities (Oxbow). The complaint named the Railroad and one other U.S. Class I Railroad as defendants and alleged that the named railroads engaged in price-fixing and monopolistic practices in connection with fuel surcharge programs and pricing of shipments of certain commodities, including coal and petroleum coke. The complaint sought injunctive relief and payment of damages of over $30 million, and other unspecified damages, including treble damages. Some of the allegations in the complaint were addressed in the existing fuel surcharge litigation referenced above. The complaint also included additional unrelated allegations regarding alleged limitations on competition for shipments of Oxbow’s commodities. Judge Friedman, who presides over the fuel surcharge matter described above, also presides over this matter. On February 26, 2013, Judge Friedman granted the defendants’ motion to dismiss Oxbow’s complaint for failure to state properly a claim under the antitrust laws. However, the dismissal was without prejudice to refile the complaint. Judge Friedman approved a schedule that allowed Oxbow to file a revised complaint, which Oxbow filed on May 1, 2013. The amended complaint alleges that UPRR and one other Class I railroad violated Sections 1 and 2 of the Sherman Antitrust Act and that UPRR also breached a tolling agreement between Oxbow and UPRR. Oxbow claims that it paid more than $50 million in wrongfully imposed fuel surcharges. UPRR and the other railroad filed separate motions to dismiss the Oxbow revised complaint on July 1, 2013. We deny the allegations that our fuel surcharge programs violate the antitrust laws or any other laws. We believe that these lawsuits are without merit, and we will vigorously defend our actions. Therefore, we currently believe that these matters will not have a material adverse effect on any of our results of operations, financial condition, and liquidity. Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures Not applicable. 18   Executive Officers of the Registrant and Principal Executive Officers of Subsidiaries The Board of Directors typically elects and designates our executive officers on an annual basis at the board meeting held in conjunction with the Annual Meeting of Shareholders, and they hold office until their successors are elected. Executive officers also may be elected and designated throughout the year, as the Board of Directors considers appropriate. There are no family relationships among the officers, nor any arrangement or understanding between any officer and any other person pursuant to which the officer was selected. The following table sets forth certain information current as of February 7, 2014, relating to the executive officers. Name John J. Koraleski Robert M. Knight, Jr. Diane K. Duren Gayla L. Thal Jeffrey P. Totusek Lance M. Fritz Eric L. Butler Position President and Chief Executive Officer of UPC and Chief Executive Officer of the Railroad Executive Vice President – Finance and Chief Financial Officer of UPC and the Railroad Executive Vice President and Corporate Secretary of UPC and the Railroad Senior Vice President – Law and General Counsel of UPC and the Railroad Vice President and Controller of UPC and Chief Accounting Officer and Controller of the Railroad President and Chief Operating Officer of the Railroad Executive Vice President – Marketing and Sales of the Railroad Business Experience During Age Past Five Years 63 [1] 56 Current Position 54 57 [2] [3] 55 Current Position 51 53 [4] [5] [1] Mr. Koraleski was elected Chief Executive Officer and President of UPC and the Railroad effective March 2, 2012. In connection with the election of Mr. Fritz to President of the Railroad on February 6, 2014, Mr. Koraleski no longer serves as President of the Railroad. He previously was Executive Vice President - Marketing and Sales of the Railroad effective March 1, 1999. [2] Ms. Duren was elected Executive Vice President of UPC and the Railroad effective October 1, 2012. She previously was Vice President and General Manager - Chemicals effective August 1, 2006. In addition, Ms. Duren was elected Corporate Secretary, effective March 1, 2013. [3] Ms. Thal was elected to her current position effective March 15, 2012. She previously was Vice President - Law and Chief Compliance Officer effective December 1, 2005. [4] Mr. Fritz was elected to his current position effective February 6, 2014. He previously was Executive Vice President – Operations of the Railroad, effective September 1, 2010, and Vice President – Operations of the Railroad, effective January 1, 2010. In addition, Mr. Fritz was Vice President – Labor Relations effective March 1, 2008. [5] Mr. Butler was elected to his current position effective March 15, 2012. He previously was Vice President and General Manager - Industrial Products effective April 14, 2005. 19 PART II Item 5. Market for the Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters, and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities Our common stock is traded on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) under the symbol “UNP”. The following table presents the dividends declared and the high and low prices of our common stock for each of the indicated quarters. 2013 - Dollars Per Share Dividends Common stock price: High Low 2012 - Dollars Per Share Dividends Common stock price: High Low Q1 0.69 $ Q2 0.69 $ Q3 0.79 $ Q4 0.79 $ 143.00 127.32 161.00 135.75 165.18 152.04 168.24 149.23 Q1 0.60 $ Q2 0.60 $ Q3 0.60 $ Q4 0.69 $ 117.40 104.77 119.82 104.08 129.27 115.38 128.38 116.06 At January 31, 2014, there were 455,057,609 shares of common stock outstanding and 31,914 common shareholders of record. On that date, the closing price of the common stock on the NYSE was $174.24. We have paid dividends to our common shareholders during each of the past 114 years. We declared dividends totaling $1,371 million in 2013 and $1,180 million in 2012. On August 1, 2013, we increased the quarterly dividend to $0.79 per share, payable on October 1, 2013, to shareholders of record on August 30, 2013. On February 6, 2014, we increased the quarterly dividend to $0.91 per share, payable on April 1, 2014, to shareholders of record on February 28, 2014. We are subject to certain restrictions regarding retained earnings with respect to the payment of cash dividends to our shareholders. The amount of retained earnings available for dividends increased to $16.3 billion at December 31, 2013, from $15.1 billion at December 31, 2012. (See discussion of this restriction in Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Liquidity and Capital Resources, Item 7.) We do not believe the restriction on retained earnings will affect our ability to pay dividends, and we currently expect to pay dividends in 2014. Comparison Over One- and Three-Year Periods – The following table presents the cumulative total shareholder returns, assuming reinvestment of dividends, over one- and three-year periods for the Corporation (UNP), a peer group index (comprised of CSX Corporation and Norfolk Southern Corporation), the Dow Jones Transportation Index (DJ Trans), and the Standard & Poor’s 500 Stock Index (S&P 500). DJ Trans S&P 500 32.4 % 56.8 41.4 % 52.0 Period 1 Year (2013) 3 Year (2011-2013) UNP Peer Group 51.7 % 36.3 % 51.2 92.6 20     Five-Year Performance Comparison – The following graph provides an indicator of cumulative total shareholder returns for the Corporation as compared to the peer group index (described above), the DJ Trans, and the S&P 500. The graph assumes that $100 was invested in the common stock of Union Pacific Corporation and each index on December 31, 2008 and that all dividends were reinvested. The information below future performance. is not necessarily in nature and indicative of is historical Purchases of Equity Securities – During 2013, we repurchased 14,996,957 shares of our common stock at an average price of $152.14. The following table presents common stock repurchases during each month for the fourth quarter of 2013: Period Oct. 1 through Oct. 31 Nov. 1 through Nov. 30 Dec. 1 through Dec. 31 Total Number of Shares Purchased [a] 1,405,535 1,027,840 2,500,944 Average Price Paid Per Share 153.18 158.66 163.14 Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of a Publicly Announced Plan or Program [b] 1,405,535 1,025,000 2,498,520 Maximum Number of Shares That May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plan or Program [b] 4,020,650 2,995,650 497,130 Total 4,934,319 $ 159.37 4,929,055 N/A [a] Total number of shares purchased during the quarter includes approximately 5,264 shares delivered or attested to UPC by employees to pay stock option exercise prices, satisfy excess tax withholding obligations for stock option exercises or vesting of retention units, and pay withholding obligations for vesting of retention shares. [b] On April 1, 2011, our Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to 40 million shares of our common stock by March 31, 2014. These repurchases may be made on the open market or through other transactions. Our management has sole discretion with respect to determining the timing and amount of these transactions. On November 21, 2013, the Board of Directors approved the early renewal of the share repurchase program, authorizing the repurchase of 60 million common shares by December 31, 2017. The new authorization is effective January 1, 2014, and replaces the previous authorization, which expired on December 31, 2013, three months earlier than its original expiration date. 21   Item 6. Selected Financial Data The following table presents as of, and for the years ended, December 31, our selected financial data for each of the last five years. The selected financial data should be read in conjunction with Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, Item 7, and with the Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, Item 8. The information below is historical in nature and is not necessarily indicative of future financial condition or results of operations. Millions, Except per Share Amounts, Carloads, Employee Statistics, and Ratios For the Year Ended December 31 Operating revenues [a] Operating income Net income Earnings per share - basic Earnings per share - diluted Dividends declared per share Cash provided by operating activities Cash used in investing activities Cash used in financing activities Cash used for common share repurchases At December 31 Total assets Long-term obligations [b] Debt due after one year Common shareholders' equity Additional Data Freight revenues [a] Revenue carloads (units) (000) Operating ratio (%) [c] Average employees (000) Financial Ratios (%) Debt to capital [d] Return on average common shareholders' equity [e] 2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 $ 21,963 $ 20,926 $ 19,557 $ 16,965 7,446 4,388 9.47 9.42 2.96 6,823 (3,405) (3,049) (2,218) 6,745 3,943 8.33 8.27 2.49 6,161 (3,633) (2,682) (1,474) 5,724 3,292 6.78 6.72 1.93 5,873 (3,119) (2,623) (1,418) 4,981 2,780 5.58 5.53 1.31 4,105 (2,488) (2,381) (1,249) $ 49,731 $ 47,153 $ 45,096 $ 43,088 24,715 8,872 21,225 24,157 8,801 19,877 23,201 8,697 18,578 22,373 9,003 17,763 $ 20,684 $ 19,686 $ 18,508 $ 16,069 9,022 66.1 46.4 9,048 67.8 45.9 9,072 70.7 44.9 31.1 31.2 32.4 21.4 20.5 18.1 8,815 70.6 42.9 34.2 16.1 $ 14,143 3,379 1,890 3.76 3.74 1.08 3,204 (2,145) (458) - $ 42,184 22,701 9,636 16,801 $ 13,373 7,786 76.1 43.5 37.0 11.8 [a] [b] Includes fuel surcharge revenue of $2.6 billion, $2.6 billion, $2.2 billion, $1.2 billion, and $0.6 billion for 2013, 2012, 2011, 2010, and 2009, respectively, which partially offsets increased operating expenses for fuel. (See further discussion in Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Results of Operations – Operating Revenues, Item 7.) Long-term obligations is determined as follows: total liabilities less current liabilities. [c] Operating ratio is defined as operating expenses divided by operating revenues. [d] Debt to capital is determined as follows: total debt divided by total debt plus common shareholders' equity. [e] Return on average common shareholders' equity is determined as follows: Net income divided by average common shareholders' equity. 22 Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and applicable notes to the Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, Item 8, and other information in this report, including Risk Factors set forth in Item 1A and Critical Accounting Policies and Cautionary Information at the end of this Item 7. The Railroad, along with its subsidiaries and rail affiliates, is our one reportable business segment. Although revenue is analyzed by commodity, we analyze the net financial results of the Railroad as one segment due to the integrated nature of the rail network. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 2013 Results  Safety – During 2013, we continued focusing on safety to reduce risk and eliminate incidents for our employees, our customers and the public. Our sustained efforts to improve crossing warning systems and, where possible, close at-grade crossings reduced grade crossing incidents per million train miles by 7% during the year. We closed 212 grade crossings in 2013 to reduce our exposure to incidents and continued using video cameras on our locomotives to analyze safety incidents. Although reportable personal injury incidents per 200,000 employee hours increased 4% from last year’s record low, it is our second lowest year and a 9% decline from 2011. Our reportable derailment incidents per million train miles increased slightly, less than 1%, from 2012. These results demonstrate our continued development and expansion of our safety programs and initiatives, including Courage to Care, Total Safety Culture, and Standard Work.  Financial Performance – In 2013, we generated operating income of $7.4 billion, a 10% increase over 2012. Core pricing gains of 3.6% along with our ongoing focus on safety, service, network efficiency and productivity drove record financial results for the year. Our operating ratio for 2013 of 66.1% was an all-time best, improving from last year’s operating ratio of 67.8%. Net income of $4.4 billion surpassed our previous milestone set in 2012, translating into earnings of $9.42 per diluted share for 2013.  Freight Revenues – Our freight revenues grew 5% year-over-year to $20.7 billion. Freight revenues for five of the six commodity groups increased despite flat volume. Volume growth in shale-related products (crude oil and frac sand), automotive and domestic intermodal offset declines in coal, international intermodal and agricultural products. Core pricing gains, an automotive logistics management arrangement and shifts in business mix all resulted in higher average revenue per car (ARC), which drove the growth in freight revenue in 2013 compared to 2012. Our fuel surcharge was essentially flat versus 2012, as lower fuel price offset improved fuel recovery provisions and the lag effect of our programs (surcharges trail fluctuations in fuel price by approximately two months).  Network Operations – In 2013, despite challenging weather and significant shifts in our business mix, our operations remained efficient and fluid. As reported to the Association of American Railroads (AAR), average train speed declined 2% in 2013 compared to 2012, reflecting severe weather conditions and shifts of traffic to sections of our network with higher utilization. Average terminal dwell time increased 3% primarily due to continuing growth of manifest traffic, which requires more time in terminals for switching cars and building trains.  Fuel Prices – In 2013, the average price per barrel of crude oil increased from 2012. However, the average price per gallon of diesel fuel that we paid in 2013 decreased 2% from the average price in 2012, as lower crude oil to diesel conversion spreads in 2013 more than offset the higher price for crude oil. The lower price decreased operating expenses by $75 million (excluding any impact from year-over-year volume). A 1% decline in gross-ton miles also drove lower fuel expense. Our fuel consumption rate, computed as gallons of fuel consumed divided by gross ton-miles, increased 2% compared to 2012 partially offsetting the decreases. Declines in heavier, more fuel-efficient coal shipments drove the gross-ton-mile and fuel consumption rate variances.  Free Cash Flow – Cash generated by operating activities totaled $6.8 billion, yielding record free cash flow of $2.1 billion after reductions of $3.4 billion for cash used in investing activities and a 16% 23 increase in dividends paid. Free cash flow is defined as cash provided by operating activities less cash used in investing activities and dividends paid. Free cash flow is not considered a financial measure under accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. (GAAP) by SEC Regulation G and Item 10 of SEC Regulation S-K and may not be defined and calculated by other companies in the same manner. We believe free cash flow is important to management and investors in evaluating our financial performance and measures our ability to generate cash without additional external financings. Free cash flow should be considered in addition to, rather than as a substitute for, cash provided by operating activities. The following table reconciles cash provided by operating activities (GAAP measure) to free cash flow (non-GAAP measure): Millions Cash provided by operating activities Cash used in investing activities Dividends paid Free cash flow 2014 Outlook 2013 2012 2011 $ 6,823 $ 6,161 $ 5,873 (3,119) (837) $ 2,085 $ 1,382 $ 1,917 (3,633) (1,146) (3,405) (1,333)  Safety – Operating a safe railroad benefits our employees, our customers, our shareholders, and the communities we serve. We will continue using a multi-faceted approach to safety, utilizing technology, risk assessment, quality control, training and employee engagement, and targeted capital investments. We will continue using and expanding the deployment of Total Safety Culture and Courage to Care throughout our operations, which allows us to identify and implement best practices for employee and operational safety. Derailment prevention and the reduction of grade crossing incidents are also critical aspects of our safety programs. We will continue our efforts to increase detection of rail defects; improve or close crossings; and educate the public and law enforcement agencies about crossing safety through a combination of our own programs (including risk assessment strategies), various industry programs and local community activities across our network.  Network Operations – We believe the Railroad is capable of handling growing volumes while providing high levels of customer service. Our track structure is in excellent condition, and certain sections of our network have surplus line and terminal capacity. We are in a solid resource position, with sufficient supplies of locomotives, freight cars and crews to support growth.  Fuel Prices – Uncertainty about the economy makes projections of fuel prices difficult. We again could see volatile fuel prices during the year, as they are sensitive to global and U.S. domestic demand, refining capacity, geopolitical events, weather conditions and other factors. To reduce the impact of fuel price on earnings, we will continue seeking cost recovery from our customers through our fuel surcharge programs and expanding our fuel conservation efforts.  Capital Plan – In 2014, we plan to make total capital investments of approximately $3.9 billion, including expenditures for Positive Train Control (PTC), which may be revised if business conditions warrant or if new laws or regulations affect our ability to generate sufficient returns on these investments. (See further discussion in this Item 7 under Liquidity and Capital Resources – Capital Plan.)  Positive Train Control – In response to a legislative mandate to implement PTC by the end of 2015, we have invested $1.2 billion in capital expenditures and plan to spend an additional $450 million during 2014 on developing and deploying PTC. We currently estimate that PTC, in accordance with implementing rules issued by the Federal Rail Administration (FRA), will cost us approximately $2 billion by the end of the project. This includes costs for installing the new system along our tracks, upgrading locomotives to work with the new system, and adding digital data communication equipment to integrate the various components of the system and achieve interoperability for the industry. Although it is unlikely that the rail industry will meet the current mandatory 2015 deadline (as the FRA indicated in its 2012 report to Congress), we are making a good faith effort to do so and we are working closely with regulators as we implement this new technology. 24    Financial Expectations – We are cautious about the economic environment, but, assuming that industrial production grows approximately 3% as projected, volume should exceed 2013 levels. Even with no volume growth, we expect earnings to exceed 2013 earnings, generated by core pricing gains, on-going network improvements and productivity initiatives. We expect that free cash flow for 2014 will be lower than 2013 as higher cash from operations will be more than offset by additional cash of approximately $400 million that will be used to pay income taxes that were previously deferred through bonus depreciation, increased capital spend and higher dividend payments. RESULTS OF OPERATIONS Operating Revenues Millions Freight revenues Other revenues Total 2013 $ 20,684 2012 $ 19,686 1,279 1,240 2011 $ 18,508 1,049 % Change 2013 v 2012 5% 3 % Change 2012 v 2011 6% 18 $ 21,963 $ 20,926 $ 19,557 5% 7% We generate freight revenues by transporting freight or other materials from our six commodity groups. Freight revenues vary with volume (carloads) and ARC. Changes in price, traffic mix and fuel surcharges drive ARC. We provide some of our customers with contractual incentives for meeting or exceeding specified cumulative volumes or shipping to and from specific locations, which we record as reductions to freight revenues based on the actual or projected future shipments. We recognize freight revenues as shipments move from origin to destination. We allocate freight revenues between reporting periods based on the relative transit time in each reporting period and recognize expenses as we incur them. Other revenues include revenues earned by our subsidiaries, revenues from our commuter rail operations, and accessorial revenues, which we earn when customers retain equipment owned or controlled by us or when we perform additional services such as switching or storage. We recognize other revenues as we perform services or meet contractual obligations. Freight revenues from five of our six commodity groups increased during 2013 compared to 2012. Revenue from agricultural products was down slightly compared to 2012. ARC increased 5%, driven by core pricing gains, shifts in business mix and an automotive logistics management arrangement. Volume was essentially flat year over year as growth in automotives, frac sand, crude oil and domestic intermodal offset declines in coal, international intermodal and grain shipments. Freight revenues from four of our six commodity groups increased during 2012 compared to 2011. Revenues from coal and agricultural products declined during the year. Our franchise diversity allowed us to take advantage of growth from shale-related markets (crude oil, frac sand and pipe) and strong automotive manufacturing, which offset volume declines from coal and agricultural products. ARC increased 7%, driven by core pricing gains and higher fuel cost recoveries. Improved fuel recovery provisions and higher fuel prices, including the lag effect of our programs (surcharges trail fluctuations in fuel price by approximately two months), combined to increase revenues from fuel surcharges. Our fuel surcharge programs generated freight revenues of $2.6 billion, $2.6 billion, and $2.2 billion in 2013, 2012, and 2011, respectively. Fuel surcharge in 2013 was essentially flat versus 2012 as lower fuel price offset improved fuel recovery provisions and the lag effect of our programs (surcharges trail fluctuations in fuel price by approximately two months). Rising fuel prices and more shipments subject to fuel surcharges drove the increase from 2011 to 2012. In 2013, other revenue increased from 2012 due primarily to miscellaneous contract revenue and higher revenues at our subsidiaries that broker intermodal and automotive services. In 2012, other revenues increased from 2011 due primarily to higher revenues at our subsidiaries that broker intermodal and automotive services. Assessorial revenues also increased in 2012 due to container revenue related to an increase in intermodal shipments. 25     The following tables summarize the year-over-year changes in freight revenues, revenue carloads, and ARC by commodity type: Freight Revenues Millions Agricultural Automotive Chemicals Coal Industrial Products Intermodal Total Revenue Carloads Thousands Agricultural Automotive Chemicals Coal Industrial Products Intermodal [a] Total Average Revenue per Car Agricultural Automotive Chemicals Coal Industrial Products Intermodal [a] % Change 2013 v 2012 % Change 2012 v 2011 $ 2013 3,276 2,077 3,501 3,978 3,822 4,030 $ 2012 3,280 1,807 3,238 3,912 3,494 3,955 $ 2011 3,324 1,510 2,815 4,084 3,166 3,609 $ 20,684 $ 19,686 $ 18,508 5 % - % 15 8 2 9 2 (3) % 6 6 (9) 4 - (1) % 20 15 (4) 10 10 6 % (4) % 13 13 (14) 3 2 - % % Change 2013 v 2012 % Change 2012 v 2011 2011 934 653 921 2,164 1,146 3,254 9,072 - % $ 2011 3,561 2,311 3,055 1,888 2,762 1,109 % Change 2013 v 2012 % Change 2012 v 2011 3 % 9 2 12 5 2 5 % 2 % 6 2 11 7 8 7 % 2013 874 781 1,103 1,703 1,236 3,325 9,022 2013 3,746 2,659 3,176 2,336 3,093 1,212 $ 2012 900 738 1,042 1,871 1,185 3,312 9,048 2012 3,644 2,448 3,107 2,092 2,947 1,194 $ Average $ 2,293 $ 2,176 $ 2,040 [a] Each intermodal container or trailer equals one carload. 2013 Agricultural Carloads Agricultural Products – Lower volume offset price improvements as freight revenue declined slightly versus 2012. In the fourth quarter grain shipments increased 41% due to a robust fall harvest. Despite the fourth quarter growth, grain shipments still decreased 4% for the full year when compared to 2012, reflecting the impact of the severe drought in 2012 that affected territory served by us during the first three quarters of 2013. Export wheat shipped to the Gulf and Pacific Northwest increased in the second half of 2013, partially offsetting the declines in grain. Lower volume more than offset pricing gains and increased fuel surcharges as agricultural freight revenue decreased in 2012 versus 2011. Weak export demand for U.S. wheat drove a 19% decrease in wheat shipments year over year, as the foreign wheat market improved significantly from the weather affected crop in 2011. In addition, corn shipments declined 11% for the year, with more significant declines in the fourth quarter, reflecting the impact of the severe drought across the U.S. Lower gasoline demand, reduced exports and higher corn prices decreased ethanol shipments during the second half of the year. Growth in imported beer from Mexico and a strong domestic harvest of fresh potatoes partially offset these declines. 26         the to price Automotive – Higher ARC due increases and logistics management arrangement that covers fees and container costs, coupled with increased shipments of vehicles, automotive parts and improved 2013 compared to 2012. Higher production and sales levels during 2013 drove the volume growth. automotive revenue finished in 2013 Automotive Carloads fuel higher surcharges In 2012, stronger shipments of finished vehicles and automotive parts along with pricing gains improved and automotive freight revenue from 2011 levels. Higher production and sales levels drove the volume growth. In addition, 2012 shipments compared favorably to 2011 due to lower shipments of international vehicles in 2011 following the disaster in Japan. Chemicals – Volume gains and price improvement increased freight revenue from chemicals in 2013 versus 2012. Shipments of crude oil from the Bakken, Permian, Niobrara and Eagle Ford shale formations primarily to the Gulf area drove the growth in shipments of chemicals. In addition, shipments of industrial chemicals increased as manufacturing, housing and automotive markets improved. 2013 Chemicals Carloads increased freight revenue Higher volume, price improvements and fuel surcharges from chemicals in 2012. Shipments of crude oil primarily from the Bakken, Permian and Eagle the Gulf area Ford Shale increased over the improvement in chemicals shipments. In addition, plastics and industrial chemicals shipments increased as low natural gas prices have made U.S. chemicals more cost competitive globally. Declines in potash due to temporary shutdowns and reduced production at several mines partially offset the increases in chemical shipments during the year. to fold, driving formations three 2013 Coal Carloads Coal – ARC gains driven by price increases and positive business mix partially offset by volume declines increased freight revenue from coal shipments in 2013 versus 2012. Southern Powder River Basin (SPRB) shipments declined 10% from 2012 due to the loss of a customer contract at the beginning of the year, relatively mild summer weather, and tighter coal inventory management by utilities. from Colorado and Utah mines decreased 13% compared to 2012, driven by soft domestic demand and mine production issues, partially offset by second half growth in international shipments. Severe flooding and washouts in Colorado also reduced volumes from certain producers in the third quarter. Shipments Lower volume, partially offset by pricing gains and fuel surcharge recoveries reduced freight revenue from coal shipments in 2012 compared to 2011. Shipments of coal from the Southern Powder River Basin (SPRB) mines decreased 15% from 2011. Above average coal stockpiles due to an unseasonably warm winter and low natural gas prices, which caused some displacement of coal in electricity production, led to 27 the volume declines. In addition, the loss of two contracts to a competitor contributed to lower volumes from the SPRB. Coal shipments from the Colorado and Utah mines increased 2% versus 2011. Increased export shipments of Colorado and Utah coal in 2012 offset the domestic declines due to higher stockpiles and low natural gas prices. 2013 Industrial Products Carloads Industrial Products – Freight revenue from industrial products increased in 2013 versus 2012 driven by volume growth and higher ARC due to pricing gains and favorable business mix. Shipments of non-metallic minerals (primarily frac sand) grew as a result of drilling activity for energy products. Additionally, growth in new housing construction and home improvements drove an lumber shipments. in Declines ferrous scrap and government shipments partially offset these higher volumes. increase in increased fuel surcharges improvement, higher volume and Pricing additional freight revenue from industrial products in 2012 versus 2011. Shipments of non-metallic minerals (primarily frac sand), grew in response to increased horizontal drilling activity for energy products. More construction activity during a relatively mild winter led to higher demand for shipments of lumber, cement and stone compared to 2011. The growth in housing starts throughout 2012 also increased lumber shipments, up 12% from 2011. Steel shipments finished slightly down from 2011 levels as lower demand for export scrap and mine production issues in the second half of the year offset increases in the first half due to higher demand for steel coils and plate for pipe and auto production. 2013 Intermodal Carloads Intermodal – Pricing improvements and slight volume growth drove increased freight revenue from intermodal shipments in 2013 compared to 2012. Domestic traffic increased 3% due to conversions from truck transportation to rail. International traffic declined 2% versus 2012, reflecting market share shifts within the ocean carrier industry and an increase in transloading in the second half of the year. Transloading involves the transfer of goods from international to domestic containers at distribution centers near West coast ports, which reduces demand for rail transportation to these centers. Higher fuel surcharges, including improved fuel recovery provisions, core pricing gains and volume growth increased freight revenue from intermodal shipments in 2012. Volume levels from international traffic remained flat year-over-year as the loss of a customer contract in the first half of the year offset modest West Coast import growth. Domestic traffic increased 3% versus 2011 due to better market conditions and continued conversion of traffic from truck to rail. Mexico Business – Each of our commodity groups includes revenue from shipments to and from Mexico. Revenue from Mexico business increased 9% to $2.1 billion in 2013 versus 2012. Shipments were up 3% versus 2012, all commodity groups grew with the exception of agricultural products. The largest growth came from automotive and industrial products shipments. Revenue from Mexico business increased 8% to $1.9 billion in 2012 versus 2011. Volume levels for four of the six commodity groups (industrial products and agricultural products declined), were up 5% in aggregate versus 2011, with particularly strong growth in automotive and intermodal shipments. 28 Operating Expenses Millions Compensation and benefits Fuel Purchased services and materials Depreciation Equipment and other rents Other $ 2013 4,807 3,534 2,315 1,777 1,235 849 $ 2012 4,685 3,608 2,143 1,760 1,197 788 $ 2011 4,681 3,581 2,005 1,617 1,167 782 Total $ 14,517 $ 14,181 $ 13,833 % Change 2013 v 2012 % Change 2012 v 2011 3 % (2) 8 1 3 8 2 % - % 1 7 9 3 1 3 % Operating expenses increased $336 million in 2013 versus 2012. Wage and benefit inflation, new logistics management fees and container costs for our automotive business, locomotive overhauls, property taxes and repairs on jointly owned property contributed to higher expenses during the year. Lower fuel prices partially offset the cost increases. 2013 Operating Expenses Operating expenses increased $348 million in 2012 versus 2011. Depreciation, wage and benefit inflation, higher fuel prices and volume- related trucking services purchased by our logistics subsidiaries, contributed to higher expenses during the year. Efficiency gains, volume related fuel savings (2% fewer gallons of fuel consumed) and $38 million of weather related expenses in 2011, which favorably affects the comparison, partially offset the cost increase. Compensation and Benefits – Compensation and benefits include wages, payroll taxes, health and welfare costs, pension costs, other postretirement benefits, and incentive costs. General wages and benefits inflation, higher work force levels and increased pension and other postretirement benefits drove the increases in 2013 versus 2012. The impact of ongoing productivity initiatives partially offset these increases. Expenses in 2012 were essentially flat versus 2011 as operational improvements and cost reductions offset general wage and benefit inflation and higher pension and other postretirement benefits. In addition, weather related costs increased these expenses in 2011. Fuel – Fuel includes locomotive fuel and gasoline for highway and non-highway vehicles and heavy equipment. Lower locomotive diesel fuel prices, which averaged $3.15 per gallon (including taxes and transportation costs) in 2013, compared to $3.22 in 2012, decreased expenses by $75 million. Volume, as measured by gross ton-miles, decreased 1% while the fuel consumption rate, computed as gallons of fuel consumed divided by gross ton-miles, increased 2% compared to 2012. Declines in heavier, more fuel-efficient coal shipments drove the variances in gross-ton-miles and the fuel consumption rate. Higher locomotive diesel fuel prices, which averaged $3.22 per gallon (including taxes and transportation costs) in 2012, compared to $3.12 in 2011, increased expenses by $105 million. Volume, as measured by gross ton-miles, decreased 2% in 2012 versus 2011, driving expense down. The fuel consumption rate was flat year-over-year. Purchased Services and Materials – Expense for purchased services and materials includes the costs of services purchased from outside contractors and other service providers (including equipment maintenance and contract expenses incurred by our subsidiaries for external transportation services); materials used to maintain the Railroad’s lines, structures, and equipment; costs of operating facilities jointly used by UPRR and other railroads; transportation and lodging for train crew employees; trucking and contracting costs for intermodal containers; leased automobile maintenance expenses; and tools and 29   supplies. Expenses for purchased services increased 10% compared to 2012 due to logistics management fees, an increase in locomotive overhauls and repairs on jointly owned property. Expenses for contract services increased $103 million in 2012 versus 2011, primarily due to increased demand for transportation services purchased by our logistics subsidiaries for their customers and additional costs for repair and maintenance of locomotives and freight cars. Depreciation – The majority of depreciation relates to road property, including rail, ties, ballast, and other track material. Depreciation was up 1% compared to 2012. Recent depreciation studies allowed us to use longer estimated service lives for certain equipment, which partially offset the impact of a higher depreciable asset base resulting from larger capital spending in recent years. A higher depreciable asset base, reflecting ongoing capital spending, increased depreciation expense in 2012 compared to 2011. Equipment and Other Rents – Equipment and other rents expense primarily includes rental expense that the Railroad pays for freight cars owned by other railroads or private companies; freight car, intermodal, and locomotive leases; and office and other rent expenses. Additional container costs resulting from the logistics management arrangement, and increased automotive shipments, partially offset by lower cycle times drove a $51 million increase in our short-term freight car rental expense versus 2012. Conversely, lower locomotive and freight car lease expenses partially offset the higher freight car rental expense. Increased automotive and intermodal shipments, partially offset by improved car-cycle times, drove an increase in our short-term freight car rental expense in 2012 compared to 2011. Conversely, lower locomotive lease expense partially offset the higher freight car rental expense. Other – Other expenses include state and local taxes, freight, equipment and property damage, utilities, insurance, personal injury, environmental, employee travel, telephone and cellular, computer software, bad debt, and other general expenses. Higher property taxes and costs associated with damaged freight and property increased other costs in 2013 compared to 2012. Continued improvement in our safety performance and lower estimated liability for personal injury, which reduced our personal injury expense year-over-year, partially offset increases in other costs. Other costs in 2012 were slightly higher than 2011 primarily due to higher property taxes. Despite continual improvement in our safety experience and lower estimated annual costs, personal injury expense increased in 2012 compared to 2011, as the liability reduction resulting from historical claim experience was less than the reduction in 2011. Non-Operating Items Millions Other income Interest expense Income taxes $ 2013 128 (526) (2,660) $ 2012 108 (535) (2,375) $ 2011 112 (572) (1,972) % Change 2013 v 2012 % Change 2012 v 2011 19 % (2) 12 % (4) % (6) 20 % Other Income – Other income increased in 2013 versus 2012 due to higher gains from real estate sales and increased lease income, including the favorable impact from the $17 million settlement of a land lease contract. These increases were partially offset by interest received from a tax refund in 2012. Other income decreased in 2012 versus 2011 due to lower gains from real estate sales and higher environmental costs associated with non-operating properties, partially offset by interest received from a tax refund. Interest Expense – Interest expense decreased in 2013 versus 2012 due to a lower effective interest rate of 5.7% in 2013 versus 6.0% in 2012. The increase in the weighted-average debt level to $9.6 billion in 2013 from $9.1 billion in 2012 partially offset the impact of the lower effective interest rate. Interest expense decreased in 2012 versus 2011 reflecting a lower effective interest rate in 2012 of 6.0% versus 6.2% in 2011 as the debt level did not materially change from 2011 to 2012. 30     Income Taxes – Higher pre-tax income increased income taxes in 2013 compared to 2012. Our effective tax rate for 2013 was relatively flat at 37.7% compared to 37.6% in 2012. Income taxes were higher in 2012 compared to 2011, primarily driven by higher pre-tax income. Our effective tax rate remained relatively flat at 37.6% in 2012 compared to 37.5% in 2011. OTHER OPERATING/PERFORMANCE AND FINANCIAL STATISTICS We report a number of key performance measures weekly to the Association of American Railroads (AAR). We provide this data on our website at www.up.com/investors/reports/index.shtml. Operating/Performance Statistics Railroad performance measures are included in the table below: Average train speed (miles per hour) Average terminal dwell time (hours) Gross ton-miles (billions) Revenue ton-miles (billions) Operating ratio Employees (average) Customer satisfaction index [a] 2013 26.0 27.1 949.1 514.3 66.1 46,445 93 2012 26.5 26.2 959.3 521.1 67.8 45,928 93 2011 25.6 26.2 978.2 544.4 70.7 44,861 92 % Change 2013 v 2012 % Change 2012 v 2011 (2)% 3 % (1)% (1)% (1.7)pts 1 % - pts 4 % - % (2)% (4)% (2.9)pts 2 % 1 pt [a] As of January 1, 2014, we significantly changed the methodology for compiling our customer satisfaction information and, as a result, we will not include this index in future reports as no meaningful comparison is available. Note: Average rail car inventory is no longer being reported as a key railroad performance measure because of recently identified inaccuracies in the AAR’s calculation for the rail industry, which prevents comparisons to prior reporting periods. The impact of changes in rail car inventory will be described, as necessary, in connection with our discussion of train speed and/or terminal dwell metrics. Average Train Speed – Average train speed is calculated by dividing train miles by hours operated on our main lines between terminals. Average train speed, as reported to the Association of American Railroads (AAR), decreased 2% in 2013 versus 2012. The decline was driven by severe weather conditions and shifts of traffic to sections of our network with higher utilization. Average train speed increased 4% in 2012 versus 2011. Efficient operations and relatively mild weather conditions during the year compared favorably to 2011, during which severe winter weather, flooding, and extreme heat and drought affected various parts of our network. We continued operating a fluid and efficient network while handling essentially the same volume and adjusting operations to accommodate increased capital project work on our network compared to 2011. Average Terminal Dwell Time – Average terminal dwell time is the average time that a rail car spends at our terminals. Lower average terminal dwell time improves asset utilization and service. Average terminal dwell time increased 3% primarily due to continuing growth of manifest traffic which requires more time in terminals for switching cars and building trains. Average terminal dwell time remained flat in 2012 compared to 2011, despite a shift in traffic mix to more manifest shipments, which require more switching at terminals. Gross and Revenue Ton-Miles – Gross ton-miles are calculated by multiplying the weight of loaded and empty freight cars by the number of miles hauled. Revenue ton-miles are calculated by multiplying the weight of freight by the number of tariff miles. Gross ton-miles and revenue ton-miles declined 1% in 2013 compared to 2012 and carloads remained relatively flat driven by declines in coal and agricultural products offset by growth in chemical, autos and industrial products. Gross ton-miles declined 2% in 2012 compared to 2011, while revenue ton-miles decreased 4% and carloads remained relatively flat. Changes in commodity mix drove the year-over-year variances between gross ton-miles, revenue ton-miles and carloads. 31     Operating Ratio – Operating ratio is our operating expenses reflected as a percentage of operating revenue. Our operating ratio improved 1.7 points to a new record low of 66.1% in 2013 versus 2012. Core pricing and productivity gains more than offset the impact of inflation. Our operating ratio improved 2.9 points to a record low of 67.8% in 2012 versus 2011. Core pricing gains, improved fuel recovery provisions, efficient operations and cost reductions more than offset the impact of inflationary pressures Employees – Employee levels increased 1% in 2013 versus 2012. Shifts in our traffic mix, which requires more resources, largely concentrated in the Southern region, work related to higher capital investment in positive train control and more individuals in the training pipeline contributed to the higher employee levels. Employee levels increased 2% in 2012 versus 2011. Work related to the increase in capital investment, including positive train control, accounted for over half of the increase. Additionally, the shift in our traffic mix required more resources in the Southern region to support the growth in shale-related shipments. Customer Satisfaction Index – Our customer satisfaction survey asks customers to rate how satisfied they are with our performance over the last 12 months on a variety of attributes. A higher score indicates higher customer satisfaction. As of January 1, 2014, we significantly changed the methodology for compiling our customer satisfaction information and, as a result, we will not include this index in future reports as no meaningful comparison is available. Return on Average Common Shareholders’ Equity Millions, Except Percentages Net income Average equity Return on average common shareholders' equity Return on Invested Capital as Adjusted (ROIC) Millions, Except Percentages Net income Add: Interest expense Add: Interest on present value of operating leases Less: Taxes on interest Net operating profit after taxes as adjusted (a) Average equity Add: Average debt Add: Average present value of operating leases $ $ $ $ $ 2013 4,388 20,551 21.4% 2013 4,388 526 175 (264) 4,825 20,551 9,287 3,077 $ $ $ $ $ 2012 3,943 19,228 20.5% 2012 3,943 535 190 (273) 4,395 19,228 8,952 3,160 $ $ $ $ $ 2011 3,292 18,171 18.1% 2011 3,292 572 208 (293) 3,779 18,171 9,074 3,350 Average invested capital as adjusted (b) $ 32,915 $ 31,340 $ 30,595 Return on invested capital as adjusted (a/b) 14.7% 14.0% 12.4% ROIC is considered a non-GAAP financial measure by SEC Regulation G and Item 10 of SEC Regulation S-K, and may not be defined and calculated by other companies in the same manner. We believe this measure is important in evaluating the efficiency and effectiveness of our long-term capital investments. In addition, we currently use ROIC as a performance criteria in determining certain elements of equity compensation for our executives. ROIC should be considered in addition to, rather than as a substitute for, other information provided in accordance with GAAP. The most comparable GAAP measure is Return on Average Common Shareholders’ Equity. The tables above provide reconciliations from return on average common shareholders’ equity to ROIC. Our 2013 ROIC improved 0.7 points compared to 2012, primarily as a result of higher earnings. 32       Debt to Capital / Adjusted Debt to Capital Millions, Except Percentages Debt (a) Equity Capital (b) Debt to capital (a/b) Millions, Except Percentages Debt Net present value of operating leases Unfunded pension and OPEB Adjusted debt (a) Equity Adjusted capital (b) Adjusted debt to capital (a/b) $ $ $ $ $ 2013 9,577 21,225 30,802 31.1% 2013 9,577 3,057 170 12,804 21,225 34,029 37.6% $ $ $ $ $ 2012 8,997 19,877 28,874 31.2% 2012 8,997 3,096 679 12,772 19,877 32,649 39.1% Adjusted debt to capital is a non-GAAP financial measure under SEC Regulation G and Item 10 of SEC Regulation S-K, and may not be defined and calculated by other companies in the same manner. We believe this measure is important to management and investors in evaluating the total amount of leverage in our capital structure, including off-balance sheet lease obligations, which we generally incur in connection with financing the acquisition of locomotives and freight cars and certain facilities. Operating leases were discounted using 5.7% and 6.0% at December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively. The discount rate reflects our effective interest rate. We monitor the ratio of adjusted debt to capital as we manage our capital structure to balance cost-effective and efficient access to the capital markets with our overall cost of capital. Adjusted debt to capital should be considered in addition to, rather than as a substitute for, debt to capital. The tables above provide reconciliations from debt to capital to adjusted debt to capital. Our December 31, 2013 debt to capital ratios decreased as a result of a $1.3 billion increase in equity from December 31, 2012, driven by higher earnings. LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES As of December 31, 2013, our principal sources of liquidity included cash, cash equivalents, our receivables securitization facility, and our revolving credit facility, as well as the availability of commercial paper and other sources of financing through the capital markets. We had $1.8 billion of committed credit available under our credit facility, with no borrowings outstanding as of December 31, 2013. We did not make any borrowings under this facility during 2013. The value of the outstanding undivided interest held by investors under the $600 million capacity receivables securitization facility was $0 as of December 31, 2013. Amounts outstanding under this facility are included in our Consolidated Statements of Financial Position as debt due after one year. Our access to this receivables securitization facility may be reduced or restricted if our bond ratings fall to certain levels below investment grade. If our bond rating were to deteriorate, it could have an adverse impact on our liquidity. Access to commercial paper as well as other capital market financings is dependent on market conditions. Deterioration of our operating results or financial condition due to internal or external factors could negatively impact our ability to access capital markets as a source of liquidity. Access to liquidity through the capital markets is also dependent on our financial stability. We expect that we will continue to have access to liquidity through any or all of the following sources or activities: (i) increasing the size or utilization of our receivables securitization, (ii) issuing commercial paper, (iii) entering into bank loans, outside of our revolving credit facility, or (iv) issuing bonds or other debt securities to public or private investors based on our assessment of the current condition of the credit markets. The Company’s $1.8 billion revolving credit facility is intended to support the issuance of commercial paper by UPC and also serves as an emergency source of liquidity. The Company currently does not intend to make any borrowings under this facility. At December 31, 2013 and 2012, we had a modest working capital surplus. This reflects a strong cash position that provides enhanced liquidity in an uncertain economic environment. In addition, we believe we have adequate access to capital markets to meet any foreseeable cash requirements, and we have sufficient financial capacity to satisfy our current liabilities. 33    Cash Flows Millions Cash provided by operating activities Cash used in investing activities Cash used in financing activities Net change in cash and cash equivalents Operating Activities 2013 6,823 (3,405) (3,049) 369 $ $ 2012 6,161 (3,633) (2,682) $ 2011 5,873 (3,119) (2,623) (154) $ 131 $ $ Higher net income in 2013 increased cash provided by operating activities compared to 2012. In addition, we made payments in 2012 for past wages as a result of national labor negotiations, which reduced cash provided by operating activities in 2012. Lower tax benefits from bonus depreciation (as discussed below) partially offset some of the increases. Higher net income in 2012 increased cash provided by operating activities compared to 2011, partially offset by lower tax benefits from bonus depreciation and payments for past wages based on national labor negotiations settled in 2012. Federal tax law provided for 100% bonus depreciation for qualified investments made during 2011, and 50% bonus depreciation for qualified investments made during 2012 and 2013. As a result, the Company deferred a substantial portion of its 2011, 2012 and 2013 income tax expense. This deferral decreased 2011, 2012 and 2013 income tax payments, thereby contributing to the positive operating cash flow. In future years, however, income tax payments will increase as we pay these previously deferred income taxes. Investing Activities Lower capital investments in locomotives and freight cars drove the decrease in cash used in investing activities compared to 2012. Higher capital investments in 2012 drove the increase in cash used in investing activities compared to 2011. Included in capital investments in 2012 was $75 million for the early buyout of 165 locomotives under long-term operating and capital leases during the first quarter of 2012, which we exercised due to favorable economic terms and market conditions. The following tables detail cash capital investments and track statistics for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012, and 2011: Millions Rail and other track material Ties Ballast Other [a] Total road infrastructure replacements Line expansion and other capacity projects Commercial facilities Total capacity and commercial facilities Locomotives and freight cars Positive train control Technology and other Total cash capital investments $ 2013 743 438 226 326 1,733 455 146 601 580 419 163 $ 2012 759 434 203 312 1,708 489 169 658 875 349 148 $ 2011 697 403 220 382 1,702 311 111 422 675 229 148 $ 3,496 $ 3,738 $ 3,176 [a] Other includes bridges and tunnels, signals, other road assets, and road work equipment. 34    Track miles of rail replaced Track miles of rail capacity expansion New ties installed (thousands) Miles of track surfaced 2013 834 97 3,870 11,017 2012 964 139 4,436 11,049 2011 895 69 3,785 11,284 Capital Plan – In 2014, we expect our total capital investments to be approximately $3.9 billion, which may be revised if business conditions or the regulatory environment affect our ability to generate sufficient returns on these investments. While the number of our assets replaced will fluctuate as part of our replacement strategy, for 2014 we expect to use over 60% of our capital investments to replace and improve existing capital assets. Among our major investment categories are replacing and improving track infrastructure and upgrading our locomotive, freight car and container fleets, including the acquisition of 200 locomotives. Additionally, we will continue increasing our network and terminal capacity, especially in the Southern region, and balancing terminal capacity with more mainline capacity. Construction of a major rail facility at Santa Teresa, New Mexico, will be completed in 2014 and will include a run-through and fueling facility as well as an intermodal ramp. We also plan to make significant investments in technology improvements, including approximately $450 million for PTC. We expect to fund our 2014 cash capital investments by using some or all of the following: cash generated from operations, proceeds from the sale or lease of various operating and non-operating properties, proceeds from the issuance of long-term debt, and cash on hand. Our annual capital plan is a critical component of our long-term strategic plan, which we expect will enhance the long-term value of the Corporation for our shareholders by providing sufficient resources to (i) replace and improve our existing track infrastructure to provide safe and fluid operations, (ii) increase network efficiency by adding or improving facilities and track, and (iii) make investments that meet customer demand and take advantage of opportunities for long-term growth. Financing Activities Cash used in financing activities increased in 2013 versus 2012, driven by a $744 million increase for the repurchase of shares under our common stock repurchase program and higher dividend payments in 2013 of $1.3 billion compared to $1.1 billion in 2012. We increased our debt levels in 2013, which partially offset the increase in cash used in financing activities. Cash used in financing activities increased in 2012 versus 2011. Dividend payments in 2012 increased by $309 million, reflecting our higher dividend rate, and common stock repurchases increased by $56 million. Our debt levels did not materially change from 2011 after a decline in debt levels from 2010. Therefore, less cash was used in 2012 for debt activity than in 2011. Dividends – On February 6, 2014, we increased the quarterly dividend to $0.91 per share, payable on April 1, 2014, to shareholders of record on February 28, 2014. We expect to fund the increase in the quarterly dividend through cash generated from operations and cash on hand at December 31, 2013. Credit Facilities – On December 31, 2013, we had $1.8 billion of credit available under our revolving credit facility (the facility), which is designated for general corporate purposes and supports the issuance of commercial paper. We did not draw on the facility during 2013. Commitment fees and interest rates payable under the facility are similar to fees and rates available to comparably rated, investment-grade borrowers. The facility allows for borrowings at floating rates based on London Interbank Offered Rates, plus a spread, depending upon credit ratings for our senior unsecured debt. The facility matures in 2015 under a four year term and requires the Corporation to maintain a debt-to-net-worth coverage ratio as a condition to making a borrowing. At December 31, 2013, and December 31, 2012 (and at all times during the year), we were in compliance with this covenant. The definition of debt used for purposes of calculating the debt-to-net-worth coverage ratio includes, among other things, certain credit arrangements, capital leases, guarantees and unfunded and vested pension benefits under Title IV of ERISA. At December 31, 2013, the debt-to-net-worth coverage ratio allowed us to carry up to $42.4 billion of debt (as defined in the facility), and we had $9.9 billion of debt (as defined in the facility) outstanding at that date. Under our current capital plans, we expect to continue to satisfy the debt-to-net-worth coverage ratio; however, many factors beyond our reasonable control 35 could affect our ability to comply with this provision in the future. The facility does not include any other financial restrictions, credit rating triggers (other than rating-dependent pricing), or any other provision that could require us to post collateral. The facility also includes a $75 million cross-default provision and a change-of-control provision. During 2013, we did not issue or repay any commercial paper, and at December 31, 2013, and 2012, we had no commercial paper outstanding. Our revolving credit facility supports our outstanding commercial paper balances, and, unless we change the terms of our commercial paper program, our aggregate issuance of commercial paper will not exceed the amount of borrowings available under the facility. As of December 31, 2013, and December 31, 2012, we have reclassified as long-term debt $0 and $100 million, respectively, of debt due within one year that we intend to refinance. This reclassification reflects our ability and intent to refinance any short-term borrowings and certain current maturities of long-term debt on a long-term basis. Ratio of Earnings to Fixed Charges For each of the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012, and 2011, our ratio of earnings to fixed charges was 11.8, 10.4, and 8.4, respectively. The ratio of earnings to fixed charges was computed on a consolidated basis. Earnings represent income from continuing operations, less equity earnings net of distributions, plus fixed charges and income taxes. Fixed charges represent interest charges, amortization of debt discount, and the estimated amount representing the interest portion of rental charges. (See Exhibit 12 to this report for the calculation of the ratio of earnings to fixed charges.) Common Shareholders’ Equity Dividend Restrictions – Our revolving credit facility includes a debt-to-net worth covenant (discussed in the Credit Facilities section above) that, under certain circumstances, restricts the payment of cash dividends to our shareholders. The amount of retained earnings available for dividends was $16.3 billion and $15.1 billion at December 31, 2013, and 2012, respectively. Share Repurchase Program Effective April 1, 2011, our Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of 40 million shares of our common stock by March 31, 2014, replacing our previous repurchase program. As of December 31, 2013, we repurchased a total of $9.3 billion of our common stock since the commencement of our repurchase programs. The table below represents shares repurchased under this repurchase program. First quarter Second quarter Third quarter Fourth quarter Total Number of Shares Purchased 2012 3,917,369 3,770,528 3,098,812 2,033,750 2013 2,881,400 3,061,470 3,666,894 4,929,055 $ $ Average Price Paid 2012 110.64 110.02 122.13 121.81 2013 136.58 151.42 156.77 159.36 14,538,819 12,820,459 $ 152.52 $ 115.01 On November 21, 2013, our Board of Directors approved the early renewal of the share repurchase program, authorizing the repurchase of up to 60 million shares of our common stock by December 31, 2017. The new authorization was effective January 1, 2014, and replaces the previous authorization, which expired on December 31, 2013, three months earlier than its original expiration date. Management's assessments of market conditions and other pertinent facts guide the timing and volume of all repurchases. We expect to fund any share repurchases under this program through cash generated from operations, the sale or lease of various operating and non-operating properties, debt issuances, and cash on hand. Repurchased shares are recorded in treasury stock at cost, which includes any applicable commissions and fees. Shelf Registration Statement and Significant New Borrowings – We filed an automatic shelf registration statement that became effective on February 8, 2013. The Board of Directors authorized the 36       issuance of up to $4 billion of debt securities, replacing the $1.4 billion of authority remaining under our shelf registration filed in February 2010. SEC rules require UPC, a large accelerated filer, to file a new shelf registration statement every three years. Under the current shelf registration, we may issue, from time to time, any combination of debt securities, preferred stock, common stock, or warrants for debt securities or preferred stock in one or more offerings. We have no immediate plans to issue equity securities; however, we will continue to explore opportunities to replace existing debt or access capital through issuances of debt securities under our shelf registration, and, therefore, we may issue additional debt securities at any time. During 2013, we issued the following unsecured, fixed-rate debt securities under our current shelf registration: Date March 15, 2013 October 25, 2013 Description of Securities $325 million of 2.75% Notes due April 15, 2023 $325 million of 4.25% Notes due April 15, 2043 $500 million of 4.75% Notes due December 15, 2043 We used the net proceeds from the offerings for general corporate purposes, including the repurchase of common stock pursuant to our share repurchase program. These debt securities include change-of- control provisions. At December 31, 2013, we had remaining authority to issue up to $2.85 billion of debt securities under our shelf registration. In May 2012, we borrowed $100 million under a 4-year-term bank loan (the loan). The loan has a floating rate based on London Interbank Offered Rates, plus a spread, and is prepayable in whole or in part without a premium prior to maturity. The agreement documenting the loan has provisions similar to our revolving credit facility, including identical debt-to-net-worth covenant and change of control provisions and similar customary default provisions. The agreement does not include any other financial restrictions, credit rating triggers, or any other provision that would require us to post collateral. Subsequent Event – In 2014, we issued the following unsecured, fixed-rate debt securities under our current shelf registration: Date January 10, 2014 Description of Securities $300 million of 2.25% Notes due February 15, 2019 $400 million of 3.75% Notes due March 15, 2024 $300 million of 4.85% Notes due June 15, 2044 Proceeds from this offering are for general corporate purposes, including the repurchase of common stock pursuant to our share repurchase program. These debt securities include change-of-control provisions. As of February 7, 2014, we had remaining authority from our Board of Directors to issue up to $1.85 billion of debt securities under our shelf registration. Debt Exchange – On August 21, 2013, we exchanged $1,170 million of various outstanding notes and debentures due between 2016 and 2040 (Existing Notes) for $439 million of 3.646% notes (New 2024 Notes) due February 15, 2024 and $700 million of 4.821% notes (New 2044 Notes) due February 1, 2044, plus cash consideration of approximately $280 million in addition to $8 million for accrued and unpaid interest on the Existing Notes. In accordance with ASC 470-50-40, Debt-Modifications and Extinguishments-Derecognition, this transaction was accounted for as a debt exchange, as the exchanged debt instruments are not considered to be substantially different. The cash consideration was recorded as an adjustment to the carrying value of debt, and the balance of the unamortized discount and issue costs from the Existing Notes is being amortized as an adjustment of interest expense over the terms of the New 2024 Notes and the New 2044 Notes. No gain or loss was recognized as a result of the exchange. Costs related to the debt exchange that were payable to parties other than the debt holders totaled approximately $9 million and were included in interest expense during the three months ended September 30, 2013. 37   The following table lists the outstanding notes and debentures that were exchanged: Millions The 2024 Offers 7.000% Debentures due 2016 5.650% Notes due 2017 5.750% Notes due 2017 5.700% Notes due 2018 7.875% Notes due 2019 6.125% Notes due 2020 The 2044 Offers 7.125% Debentures due 2028 6.625% Debentures due 2029 6.250% Debentures due 2034 6.150% Debentures due 2037 5.780% Notes due 2040 Total Principal amount exchanged $ 8 38 70 103 20 238 73 177 19 138 286 $ 1,170 Debt Redemptions – On May 14, 2013, we redeemed all $40 million of our outstanding 5.65% Port of Corpus Christi Authority Revenue Refunding Bonds due December 1, 2022. The redemption resulted in an early extinguishment charge of $1 million in the second quarter of 2013. On November 30, 2012, we redeemed all $450 million of our outstanding 5.45% notes due January 31, 2013. The redemption resulted in an early extinguishment charge of $4 million in the fourth quarter of 2012. On April 28, 2012, we redeemed all $100 million of our outstanding 5.70% Tooele County, Utah Hazardous Waste Treatment Revenue Bonds due November 1, 2026. The redemption resulted in an early extinguishment charge of $2 million in the second quarter of 2012. On December 19, 2011, we redeemed the remaining $175 million of our 6.5% notes due April 15, 2012, and all $300 million of our outstanding 6.125% notes due January 15, 2012. The redemptions resulted in an early extinguishment charge of $5 million in the fourth quarter of 2011. Receivables Securitization Facility – The Railroad maintains a $600 million, 364-day receivables securitization facility under which it sells most of its eligible third-party receivables to Union Pacific Receivables, Inc. (UPRI), a wholly-owned, bankruptcy-remote subsidiary that may subsequently transfer, without recourse an undivided interest in accounts receivable to investors. The investors have no recourse to the Railroad’s other assets except for customary warranty and indemnity claims. Creditors of the Railroad do not have recourse to the assets of UPRI. The amount outstanding under the facility was $0 and $100 million at December 31, 2013, and December 31, 2012, respectively. The facility was supported by $1.1 billion of accounts receivable as collateral at both December 31, 2013, and December 31, 2012, which, as a retained interest, is included in accounts receivable, net in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Position. The outstanding amount the Railroad is allowed to maintain under the facility, with a maximum of $600 million, may fluctuate based on the availability of eligible receivables and is directly affected by business volumes and credit risks, including receivables payment quality measures such as default and dilution ratios. If default or dilution ratios increase one percent, the allowable outstanding amount under the facility would not materially change. The costs of the receivables securitization facility include interest, which will vary based on prevailing commercial paper rates, program fees paid to banks, commercial paper issuing costs, and fees for unused commitment availability. The costs of the receivables securitization facility are included in interest expense and were $5 million, $3 million and $4 million for 2013, 2012, and 2011, respectively. 38     In July 2013, the $600 million receivables securitization facility was renewed for an additional 364-day period at comparable terms and conditions. Contractual Obligations and Commercial Commitments As described in the notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements and as referenced in the tables below, we have contractual obligations and commercial commitments that may affect our financial condition. Based on our assessment of the underlying provisions and circumstances of our contractual obligations and commercial commitments, including material sources of off-balance sheet and structured finance arrangements, other than the risks that we and other similarly situated companies face with respect to the condition of the capital markets (as described in Item 1A of Part II of this report), there is no known trend, demand, commitment, event, or uncertainty that is reasonably likely to occur that would have a material adverse effect on our consolidated results of operations, financial condition, or liquidity. In addition, our commercial obligations, financings, and commitments are customary transactions that are similar to those of other comparable corporations, particularly within the transportation industry. The following tables identify material obligations and commitments as of December 31, 2013: Payments Due by December 31, Contractual Obligations Millions Debt [a] Operating leases [b] Capital lease obligations [c] Purchase obligations [d] Other post retirement benefits [e] Income tax contingencies [f] Total $ 14,504 $ 4,066 2,200 4,122 436 59 2014 926 $ 512 272 2,063 41 25 2015 654 $ 477 260 495 42 - 2016 783 $ 438 239 403 43 - 2017 816 $ 400 247 324 44 - 2018 722 $ 10,603 $ 332 225 221 45 - After 2018 Other - - - 32 - 34 1,907 957 584 221 - Total contractual obligations $ 25,387 $ 3,839 $ 1,928 $ 1,906 $ 1,831 $ 1,545 $ 14,272 $ 66 [a] Excludes capital lease obligations of $1,702 million and unamortized discount of $(604) million. Includes an interest component of $6,025 million. Includes leases for locomotives, freight cars, other equipment, and real estate. [b] [c] Represents total obligations, including interest component of $498 million. [e] [d] Purchase obligations include locomotive maintenance contracts; purchase commitments for fuel purchases, locomotives, ties, ballast, and rail; and agreements to purchase other goods and services. For amounts where we cannot reasonably estimate the year of settlement, they are reflected in the Other column. Includes estimated other post retirement, medical, and life insurance payments, payments made under the unfunded pension plan for the next ten years. Future cash flows for income tax contingencies reflect the recorded liabilities and assets for unrecognized tax benefits, including interest and penalties, as of December 31, 2013. For amounts where the year of settlement is uncertain, they are reflected in the Other column. [f] Amount of Commitment Expiration per Period Other Commercial Commitments Millions Credit facilities [a] Receivables securitization facility [b] Guarantees [c] Standby letters of credit [d] Total $ 1,800 $ 600 299 26 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 - $ 1,800 $ 600 214 22 - 12 4 - $ - 30 - - $ - 10 - - $ - 11 - After 2018 - - 22 - Total commercial commitments $ 2,725 $ 836 $ 1,816 $ 30 $ 10 $ 11 $ 22 [a] None of the credit facility was used as of December 31, 2013. [b] None of the receivables securitization facility was utilized at December 31, 2013. The full program matures in July 2014. [c] Includes guaranteed obligations related to our headquarters building, equipment financings, and affiliated operations. [d] None of the letters of credit were drawn upon as of December 31, 2013. 39     Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements Guarantees – At December 31, 2013, and 2012, we were contingently liable for $299 million and $307 million in guarantees. We have recorded a liability of $1 million and $2 million for the fair value of these obligations as of December 31, 2013, and 2012, respectively. We entered into these contingent guarantees in the normal course of business, and they include guaranteed obligations related to our headquarters building, equipment financings, and affiliated operations. The final guarantee expires in 2022. We are not aware of any existing event of default that would require us to satisfy these guarantees. We do not expect that these guarantees will have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial condition, results of operations, or liquidity. OTHER MATTERS Labor Agreements – Approximately 86% of our 46,445 full-time-equivalent employees are represented by 14 major rail unions. In 2012, we concluded the most recent round of negotiations, which began in 2010, with the ratification of new agreements by several unions. All of the unions executed similar multi- year agreements that provide for higher employee cost sharing of employee health and welfare benefits and higher wages. The current agreements will remain in effect until renegotiated under provisions of the Railway Labor Act. The next round of negotiations will begin in early 2015. Inflation – Long periods of inflation significantly increase asset replacement costs for capital-intensive companies. As a result, assuming that we replace all operating assets at current price levels, depreciation charges (on an inflation-adjusted basis) would be substantially greater than historically reported amounts. Derivative Financial Instruments – We may use derivative financial instruments in limited instances to assist in managing our overall exposure to fluctuations in interest rates and fuel prices. We are not a party to leveraged derivatives and, by policy, do not use derivative financial instruments for speculative purposes. Derivative financial instruments qualifying for hedge accounting must maintain a specified level of effectiveness between the hedging instrument and the item being hedged, both at inception and throughout the hedged period. We formally document the nature and relationships between the hedging instruments and hedged items at inception, as well as our risk-management objectives, strategies for undertaking the various hedge transactions, and method of assessing hedge effectiveness. Changes in the fair market value of derivative financial instruments that do not qualify for hedge accounting are charged to earnings. We may use swaps, collars, futures, and/or forward contracts to mitigate the risk of adverse movements in interest rates and fuel prices; however, the use of these derivative financial instruments may limit future benefits from favorable price movements. Market and Credit Risk – We address market risk related to derivative financial instruments by selecting instruments with value fluctuations that highly correlate with the underlying hedged item. We manage credit risk related to derivative financial instruments, which is minimal, by requiring high credit standards for counterparties and periodic settlements. At December 31, 2013 and 2012, we were not required to provide collateral, nor had we received collateral, relating to our hedging activities. Determination of Fair Value – We determine the fair values of our derivative financial instrument positions based upon current fair values as quoted by recognized dealers or the present value of expected future cash flows. Sensitivity Analyses – The sensitivity analyses that follow illustrate the economic effect that hypothetical changes in interest rates could have on our results of operations and financial condition. These hypothetical changes do not consider other factors that could impact actual results. At December 31, 2013, we had variable-rate debt representing approximately 2.2% of our total debt. If variable interest rates average one percentage point higher in 2014 than our December 31, 2013 variable rate, which was approximately 0.9%, our interest expense would increase by approximately $2 million. This amount was determined by considering the impact of the hypothetical interest rate on the balances of our variable-rate debt at December 31, 2013. Market risk for fixed-rate debt is estimated as the potential increase in fair value resulting from a hypothetical one percentage point decrease in interest rates as of December 31, 2013, and amounts to an increase of approximately $1 billion to the fair value of our debt at December 31, 2013. We estimated the fair values of our fixed-rate debt by considering the impact of the hypothetical interest rates on quoted market prices and current borrowing rates. 40 Interest Rate Fair Value Hedges – We manage our overall exposure to fluctuations in interest rates by adjusting the proportion of fixed and floating rate debt instruments within our debt portfolio over a given period. We generally manage the mix of fixed and floating rate debt through the issuance of targeted amounts of each as debt matures or as we require incremental borrowings. We employ derivatives, primarily swaps, as one of the tools to obtain the targeted mix. In addition, we also obtain flexibility in managing interest costs and the interest rate mix within our debt portfolio by evaluating the issuance of and managing outstanding callable fixed-rate debt securities. Swaps allow us to convert debt from fixed rates to variable rates and thereby hedge the risk of changes in the debt’s fair value attributable to the changes in interest rates. We account for swaps as fair value hedges using the short-cut method as allowed by the Derivatives and Hedging Topic of the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) ASC; therefore, we do not record any ineffectiveness within our Consolidated Financial Statements. As of December 31, 2013 and 2012, we had no interest rate fair value hedges outstanding. Interest Rate Cash Flow Hedges – We report changes in the fair value of cash flow hedges in accumulated other comprehensive loss until the hedged item affects earnings. At both December 31, 2013, and 2012, we had reductions of $1 million recorded as an accumulated other comprehensive loss that is being amortized on a straight-line basis through September 30, 2014. As of December 31, 2013, and 2012, we had no interest rate cash flow hedges outstanding. Accounting Pronouncements – On February 5, 2013, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2013-02, Reporting of Amounts Reclassified Out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (ASU 2013-02), which adds additional disclosure requirements for items reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive income. We adopted this ASU during the three months ended March 31, 2013. Asserted and Unasserted Claims – Various claims and lawsuits are pending against us and certain of our subsidiaries. We cannot fully determine the effect of all asserted and unasserted claims on our consolidated results of operations, financial condition, or liquidity; however, to the extent possible, where asserted and unasserted claims are considered probable and where such claims can be reasonably estimated, we have recorded a liability. We do not expect that any known lawsuits, claims, environmental costs, commitments, contingent liabilities, or guarantees will have a material adverse effect on our consolidated results of operations, financial condition, or liquidity after taking into account liabilities and insurance recoveries previously recorded for these matters. Indemnities – Our maximum potential exposure under indemnification arrangements, including certain tax indemnifications, can range from a specified dollar amount to an unlimited amount, depending on the nature of the transactions and the agreements. Due to uncertainty as to whether claims will be made or how they will be resolved, we cannot reasonably determine the probability of an adverse claim or reasonably estimate any adverse liability or the total maximum exposure under these indemnification arrangements. We do not have any reason to believe that we will be required to make any material payments under these indemnity provisions. Climate Change – Although climate change could have an adverse impact on our operations and financial performance in the future (see Risk Factors under Item 1A of this report), we are currently unable to predict the manner or severity of such impact. However, we continue to take steps and explore opportunities to reduce the impact of our operations on the environment, including investments in new technologies, using training programs to reduce fuel consumption, and changing our operations to increase fuel efficiency. CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES Our Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with GAAP. The preparation of these financial statements requires estimation and judgment that affect the reported amounts of revenues, expenses, assets, and liabilities. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. The following critical accounting policies are a subset of our significant accounting policies described in Note 2 to the Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, Item 8. These critical accounting policies affect significant areas of our financial statements and involve judgment 41 and estimates. If these estimates differ significantly from actual results, the impact on our Consolidated Financial Statements may be material. Personal Injury – The cost of personal injuries to employees and others related to our activities is charged to expense based on estimates of the ultimate cost and number of incidents each year. We use an actuarial analysis to measure the expense and liability, including unasserted claims. The Federal Employers’ Liability Act (FELA) governs compensation for work-related accidents. Under FELA, damages are assessed based on a finding of fault through litigation or out-of-court settlements. We offer a comprehensive variety of services and rehabilitation programs for employees who are injured at work. Our personal injury liability is not discounted to present value due to the uncertainty surrounding the timing of future payments. Approximately 92% of the recorded liability is related to asserted claims and approximately 8% is related to unasserted claims at December 31, 2013. Because of the uncertainty surrounding the ultimate outcome of personal injury claims, it is reasonably possible that future costs to settle these claims may range from approximately $294 million to $322 million. We record an accrual at the low end of the range as no amount of loss within the range is more probable than any other. Estimates can vary over time due to evolving trends in litigation. Our personal injury liability activity was as follows: Millions Beginning balance Current year accruals Changes in estimates for prior years Payments Ending balance at December 31 Current portion, ending balance at December 31 Our personal injury claims activity was as follows: Open claims, beginning balance New claims Settled or dismissed claims Open claims, ending balance at December 31 2013 334 87 (38) (89) 294 82 $ $ $ 2012 368 121 (58) (97) 334 95 $ $ $ 2011 426 118 (71) (105) 368 103 $ $ $ 2013 2,792 2,705 (2,892) 2012 2,869 2,719 (2,796) 2011 3,151 2,781 (3,063) 2,605 2,792 2,869 Asbestos – We are a defendant in a number of lawsuits in which current and former employees and other parties allege exposure to asbestos. We assess our potential liability using a statistical analysis of resolution costs for asbestos-related claims. This liability is updated annually and excludes future defense and processing costs. The liability for resolving both asserted and unasserted claims was based on the following assumptions:  The ratio of future claims by alleged disease would be consistent with historical averages adjusted for inflation.  The number of claims filed against us will decline each year.  The average settlement values for asserted and unasserted claims will be equivalent to historical averages.  The percentage of claims dismissed in the future will be equivalent to historical averages. Our liability for asbestos-related claims is not discounted to present value due to the uncertainty surrounding the timing of future payments. Approximately 18% of the recorded liability related to asserted claims and approximately 82% related to unasserted claims at December 31, 2013. Because of the uncertainty surrounding the ultimate outcome of asbestos-related claims, it is reasonably possible that future costs to settle these claims may range from approximately $131 million to $141 million. We record an accrual at the low end of the range as no amount of loss within the range is more probable than any other. 42       Our asbestos-related liability activity was as follows: Millions Beginning balance Accruals/(Credits) Payments Ending balance at December 31 Current portion, ending balance at December 31 Our asbestos-related claims activity was as follows: Open claims, beginning balance New claims Settled or dismissed claims Open claims, ending balance at December 31 2013 139 2 (10) 131 9 $ $ $ 2012 147 (2) (6) 139 8 $ $ $ 2011 162 (5) (10) 147 8 $ $ $ 2013 1,258 192 (310) 1,140 2012 1,291 233 (266) 1,258 2011 1,437 235 (381) 1,291 In conjunction with the liability update performed in 2013, we also reassessed estimated insurance recoveries. We have recognized an asset for estimated insurance recoveries at December 31, 2013, and 2012. The amounts recorded for asbestos-related liabilities and related insurance recoveries were based on currently known facts. However, future events, such as the number of new claims filed each year, average settlement costs, and insurance coverage issues, could cause the actual costs and insurance recoveries to be higher or lower than the projected amounts. Estimates also may vary in the future if strategies, activities, and outcomes of asbestos litigation materially change; federal and state laws governing asbestos litigation increase or decrease the probability or amount of compensation of claimants; and there are material changes with respect to payments made to claimants by other defendants. Environmental Costs – We are subject to federal, state, and local environmental laws and regulations. We have identified 268 sites at which we are or may be liable for remediation costs associated with alleged contamination or for violations of environmental requirements. This includes 33 sites that are the subject of actions taken by the U.S. government, 17 of which are currently on the Superfund National Priorities List. Certain federal legislation imposes joint and several liability for the remediation of identified sites; consequently, our ultimate environmental liability may include costs relating to activities of other parties, in addition to costs relating to our own activities at each site. When we identify an environmental issue with respect to property owned, leased, or otherwise used in our business, we perform, with assistance of our consultants, environmental assessments on the property. We expense the cost of the assessments as incurred. We accrue the cost of remediation where our obligation is probable and such costs can be reasonably estimated. We do not discount our environmental liabilities when the timing of the anticipated cash payments is not fixed or readily determinable. At December 31, 2013, and 2012, none of our environmental liability was discounted, while less than 1% of our environmental liability was discounted at 2.0% at December 31, 2011. Our environmental liability activity was as follows: Millions Beginning balance Accruals Payments Ending balance at December 31 Current portion, ending balance at December 31 [a] Payments include $25 million to resolve the Omaha Lead Site liability. 2013 170 58 (57) 171 53 $ $ $ 2012 172 48 (50) 170 50 $ $ $ 2011 [a] 213 $ 29 (70) $ $ 172 50 43   Our environmental site activity was as follows: Open sites, beginning balance New sites Closed sites Open sites, ending balance at December 31 2013 284 41 (57) 268 2012 285 56 (57) 284 2011 294 51 (60) 285 The environmental liability includes future costs for remediation and restoration of sites, as well as ongoing monitoring costs, but excludes any anticipated recoveries from third parties. Cost estimates are based on information available for each site, financial viability of other potentially responsible parties, and existing technology, laws, and regulations. The ultimate liability for remediation is difficult to determine because of the number of potentially responsible parties, site-specific cost sharing arrangements with other potentially responsible parties, the degree of contamination by various wastes, the scarcity and quality of volumetric data related to many of the sites, and the speculative nature of remediation costs. Estimates of liability may vary over time due to changes in federal, state, and local laws governing environmental remediation. Current obligations are not expected to have a material adverse effect on our consolidated results of operations, financial condition, or liquidity. Property and Depreciation – Our railroad operations are highly capital intensive, and our large base of homogeneous, network-type assets turns over on a continuous basis. Each year we develop a capital program for the replacement of assets and for the acquisition or construction of assets that enable us to enhance our operations or provide new service offerings to customers. Assets purchased or constructed throughout the year are capitalized if they meet applicable minimum units of property criteria. Properties and equipment are carried at cost and are depreciated on a straight-line basis over their estimated service lives, which are measured in years, except for rail in high-density traffic corridors (i.e., all rail lines except for those subject to abandonment, yard and switching tracks, and electronic yards) for which lives are measured in millions of gross tons per mile of track. We use the group method of depreciation in which all items with similar characteristics, use, and expected lives are grouped together in asset classes, and are depreciated using composite depreciation rates. The group method of depreciation treats each asset class as a pool of resources, not as singular items. We currently have more than 60 depreciable asset classes, and we may increase or decrease the number of asset classes due to changes in technology, asset strategies, or other factors. We determine the estimated service lives of depreciable railroad property by means of depreciation studies. We perform depreciation studies at least every three years for equipment and every six years for track assets (i.e., rail and other track material, ties, and ballast) and other road property. Our depreciation studies take into account the following factors:  Statistical analysis of historical patterns of use and retirements of each of our asset classes;  Evaluation of any expected changes in current operations and the outlook for continued use of the assets;  Evaluation of technological advances and changes to maintenance practices; and  Expected salvage to be received upon retirement. For rail in high-density traffic corridors, we measure estimated service lives in millions of gross tons per mile of track. It has been our experience that the lives of rail in high-density traffic corridors are closely correlated to usage (i.e., the amount of weight carried over the rail). The service lives also vary based on rail weight, rail condition (e.g., new or secondhand), and rail type (e.g., straight or curve). Our depreciation studies for rail in high density traffic corridors consider each of these factors in determining the estimated service lives. For rail in high-density traffic corridors, we calculate depreciation rates annually by dividing the number of gross ton-miles carried over the rail (i.e., the weight of loaded and empty freight cars, locomotives and maintenance of way equipment transported over the rail) by the estimated service lives of the rail measured in millions of gross tons per mile. Rail in high-density traffic corridors accounts for approximately 70 percent of the historical cost of rail and other track material. Based on the number of gross ton-miles carried over our rail in high density traffic corridors during 2013, the estimated service lives of the majority of this rail ranged from approximately 15 years to approximately 30 years. For all other depreciable assets, we compute depreciation based on the estimated service lives 44   of our assets as determined from the analysis of our depreciation studies. Changes in the estimated service lives of our assets and their related depreciation rates are implemented prospectively. Estimated service lives of depreciable railroad property may vary over time due to changes in physical use, technology, asset strategies, and other factors that will have an impact on the retirement profiles of our assets. We are not aware of any specific factors that are reasonably likely to significantly change the estimated service lives of our assets. Actual use and retirement of our assets may vary from our current estimates, which would impact the amount of depreciation expense recognized in future periods. Changes in estimated useful lives of our assets due to the results of our depreciation studies could significantly impact future periods’ depreciation expense and have a material impact on our Consolidated Financial Statements. If the estimated useful lives of all depreciable assets were increased by one year, annual depreciation expense would decrease by approximately $59 million. If the estimated useful lives of all depreciable assets were decreased by one year, annual depreciation expense would increase by approximately $63 million. Our recent depreciation studies have resulted in changes in depreciation rates for some asset classes but did not significantly affect our annual depreciation expense. Under group depreciation, the historical cost (net of salvage) of depreciable property that is retired or replaced in the ordinary course of business is charged to accumulated depreciation and no gain or loss is recognized. The historical cost of certain track assets is estimated using (i) inflation indices published by the Bureau of Labor Statistics and (ii) the estimated useful lives of the assets as determined by our depreciation studies. The indices were selected because they closely correlate with the major costs of the properties comprising the applicable track asset classes. Because of the number of estimates inherent in the depreciation and retirement processes and because it is impossible to precisely estimate each of these variables until a group of property is completely retired, we continually monitor the estimated service lives of our assets and the accumulated depreciation associated with each asset class to ensure our depreciation rates are appropriate. In addition, we determine if the recorded amount of accumulated depreciation is deficient (or in excess) of the amount indicated by our depreciation studies. Any deficiency (or excess) is amortized as a component of depreciation expense over the remaining service lives of the applicable classes of assets. For retirements of depreciable railroad properties that do not occur in the normal course of business, a gain or loss may be recognized if the retirement meets each of the following three conditions: (i) is unusual, (ii) is material in amount, and (iii) varies significantly from the retirement profile identified through our depreciation studies. During the last three fiscal years, no gains or losses were recognized due to the retirement of depreciable railroad properties. A gain or loss is recognized in other income when we sell land or dispose of assets that are not part of our railroad operations. Income Taxes – We account for income taxes by recording taxes payable or refundable for the current year and deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been recognized in our financial statements or tax returns. These expected future tax consequences are measured based on current tax law; the effects of future tax legislation are not anticipated. Future tax legislation, such as a change in the corporate tax rate, could have a material impact on our financial condition, results of operations, or liquidity. For example, a 1% increase in future income tax rates would increase our deferred tax liability by approximately $370 million. When appropriate, we record a valuation allowance against deferred tax assets to reflect that these tax assets may not be realized. In determining whether a valuation allowance is appropriate, we consider whether it is more likely than not that all or some portion of our deferred tax assets will not be realized, based on management’s judgments using available evidence for purposes of estimating whether future taxable income will be sufficient to realize a deferred tax asset. In 2013 and 2012, there were no valuation allowances. We recognize tax benefits that are more likely than not to be sustained upon examination by tax authorities. The amount recognized is measured as the largest amount of benefit that is greater than 50 percent likely to be realized upon settlement. A liability for “unrecognized tax benefits” is recorded for any tax benefits claimed in our tax returns that do not meet these recognition and measurement standards. Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits – We use an actuarial analysis to measure the liabilities and expenses associated with providing pension and medical and life insurance benefits (OPEB) to eligible employees. In order to use actuarial methods to value the liabilities and expenses, we must make 45 several assumptions. The critical assumptions used to measure pension obligations and expenses are the discount rate and expected rate of return on pension assets. For OPEB, the critical assumptions are the discount rate and health care cost trend rate. We evaluate our critical assumptions at least annually, and selected assumptions are based on the following factors:  Discount rate is based on a Mercer yield curve of high quality corporate bonds (rated AA by a recognized rating agency) for which the timing and amount of cash flows matches our plans’ expected benefit payments.  Expected return on plan assets is based on our asset allocation mix and our historical return, taking into consideration current and expected market conditions.  Health care cost trend rate is based on our historical rates of inflation and expected market conditions. The following tables present the key assumptions used to measure net periodic pension and OPEB cost/(benefit) for 2013 and the estimated impact on 2013 net periodic pension and OPEB cost/(benefit) relative to a change in those assumptions: Assumptions Discount rate Expected return on plan assets Compensation increase Health care cost trend rate: Pre-65 current Pre-65 level in 2028 Sensitivities Millions 0.25% decrease in discount rate 0.25% increase in compensation scale 0.25% decrease in expected return on plan assets 1% increase in health care cost trend rate Pension 3.78% 7.50% 3.43% N/A N/A OPEB 3.48% N/A N/A 6.64% 4.50% Increase in Expense OPEB Pension $ $ $ 9 5 7 N/A $ $ 1 N/A N/A 3 The following table presents the net periodic pension and OPEB cost/(benefit) for the years ended December 31: Millions Net periodic pension cost Net periodic OPEB cost/(benefit) Est. 2014 65 15 $ 2013 2012 2011 $ 110 $ 14 $ 89 13 78 (6) Our net periodic pension cost is expected to decrease to approximately $65 million in 2014 from $110 million in 2013. The decrease is driven mainly by an increase in the discount rate to 4.72%, Our net periodic OPEB expense is expected to increase to approximately $15 million in 2014 from $14 million in 2013. The increase in our net periodic OPEB cost is primarily driven by a decrease in the amortization of prior service credits from accumulated other comprehensive income. CAUTIONARY INFORMATION Certain statements in this report, and statements in other reports or information filed or to be filed with the SEC (as well as information included in oral statements or other written statements made or to be made by us), are, or will be, forward-looking statements as defined by the Securities Act of 1933 and the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. These forward-looking statements and information include, without limitation, (A) statements in the CEO’s letter preceding Part I; statements regarding planned capital expenditures under the caption “2014 Capital Expenditures” in Item 2 of Part I; statements regarding dividends in Item 5; and statements and information set forth under the captions “2014 Outlook” and “Liquidity and Capital Resources” in this Item 7, and (B) any other statements or information in this report 46       (including information incorporated herein by reference) regarding: expectations as to financial performance, revenue growth and cost savings; the time by which goals, targets, or objectives will be achieved; projections, predictions, expectations, estimates, or forecasts as to our business, financial and operational results, future economic performance, and general economic conditions; expectations as to operational or service performance or improvements; expectations as to the effectiveness of steps taken or to be taken to improve operations and/or service, including capital expenditures for infrastructure improvements and equipment acquisitions, any strategic business acquisitions, and modifications to our transportation plans; expectations as to existing or proposed new products and services; expectations as to the impact of any new regulatory activities or legislation on our operations or financial results; estimates of costs relating to environmental remediation and restoration; estimates and expectations regarding tax matters; expectations that claims, litigation, environmental costs, commitments, contingent liabilities, labor negotiations or agreements, or other matters will not have a material adverse effect on our consolidated results of operations, financial condition, or liquidity and any other similar expressions concerning matters that are not historical facts. Forward-looking statements may be identified by their use of forward-looking terminology, such as “believes,” “expects,” “may,” “should,” “would,” “will,” “intends,” “plans,” “estimates,” “anticipates,” “projects” and similar words, phrases or expressions. Forward-looking statements should not be read as a guarantee of future performance or results, and will not necessarily be accurate indications of the times that, or by which, such performance or results will be achieved. Forward-looking statements and information are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual performance or results to differ materially from those expressed in the statements and information. Forward-looking statements and information reflect the good faith consideration by management of currently available information, and may be based on underlying assumptions believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. However, such information and assumptions (and, therefore, such forward-looking statements and information) are or may be subject to variables or unknown or unforeseeable events or circumstances over which management has little or no influence or control. The Risk Factors in Item 1A of this report could affect our future results and could cause those results or other outcomes to differ materially from those expressed or implied in any forward-looking statements or information. To the extent circumstances require or we deem it otherwise necessary, we will update or amend these risk factors in a Form 10-Q, Form 8-K or subsequent Form 10-K. All forward-looking statements are qualified by, and should be read in conjunction with, these Risk Factors. Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date the statement was made. We assume no obligation to update forward-looking information to reflect actual results, changes in assumptions or changes in other factors affecting forward-looking information. If we do update one or more forward-looking statements, no inference should be drawn that we will make additional updates with respect thereto or with respect to other forward-looking statements. Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk Information concerning market risk sensitive instruments is set forth under Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Other Matters, Item 7. **************************************** 47 Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data Index to Consolidated Financial Statements Page Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm .............................................................. 49 Consolidated Statements of Income For the Years Ended December 31, 2013, 2012, and 2011 ........................................................ 50 Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income For the Years Ended December 31, 2013, 2012, and 2011 ........................................................ 50 Consolidated Statements of Financial Position At December 31, 2013 and 2012 ................................................................................................. 51 Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows For the Years Ended December 31, 2013, 2012, and 2011 ........................................................ 52 Consolidated Statements of Changes in Common Shareholders’ Equity For the Years Ended December 31, 2013, 2012, and 2011 ........................................................ 53 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements .............................................................................. 54 48 REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of Union Pacific Corporation: We have audited the accompanying consolidated statements of financial position of Union Pacific Corporation and Subsidiary Companies (the Corporation) as of December 31, 2013 and 2012, and the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, changes in common shareholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2013. Our audits also included the financial statement schedule listed in the Table of Contents at Part IV, Item 15. These financial statements and financial statement schedule are the responsibility of the Corporation’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the consolidated financial statements and financial statement schedule based on our audits. We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion. In our opinion, such consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Union Pacific Corporation and Subsidiary Companies as of December 31, 2013 and 2012, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2013, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Also, in our opinion, such financial statement schedule, when considered in relation to the basic consolidated financial statements taken as a whole, presents fairly, in all material respects, the information set forth therein. We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the Corporation's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2013, based on the criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework (1992) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission and our report dated February 7, 2014 expressed an unqualified opinion on the Corporation’s internal control over financial reporting. Omaha, Nebraska February 7, 2014 49 CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME Union Pacific Corporation and Subsidiary Companies Millions, Except Per Share Amounts, for the Years Ended December 31, Operating revenues: Freight revenues Other revenues Total operating revenues Operating expenses: Compensation and benefits Fuel Purchased services and materials Depreciation Equipment and other rents Other Total operating expenses Operating income Other income (Note 6) Interest expense Income before income taxes Income taxes (Note 7) Net income Share and Per Share (Note 8): Earnings per share - basic Earnings per share - diluted Weighted average number of shares - basic Weighted average number of shares - diluted Dividends declared per share 2013 2012 2011 $ 20,684 $ 19,686 $ 18,508 1,049 1,240 1,279 21,963 20,926 19,557 4,807 3,534 2,315 1,777 1,235 849 4,685 3,608 2,143 1,760 1,197 788 4,681 3,581 2,005 1,617 1,167 782 14,517 14,181 13,833 7,446 128 (526) 7,048 (2,660) 6,745 108 (535) 6,318 (2,375) 5,724 112 (572) 5,264 (1,972) 4,388 $ 3,943 $ 3,292 9.47 $ 9.42 $ 8.33 $ 8.27 $ 463.3 465.8 473.1 476.5 6.78 6.72 485.7 489.8 2.96 $ 2.49 $ 1.93 $ $ $ $ CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME Union Pacific Corporation and Subsidiary Companies Millions, for the Years Ended December 31, Net income Other comprehensive income/(loss): Defined benefit plans Foreign currency translation Derivatives Total other comprehensive income/(loss) [a] 2013 2012 2011 $ 4,388 $ 3,943 $ 3,292 436 (1) 1 436 (145) 12 1 (132) (301) (20) 1 (320) Comprehensive income $ 4,824 $ 3,811 $ 2,972 [a] Net of deferred taxes of ($264) million, $82 million, and $199 million during 2013, 2012, and 2011, respectively. The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Consolidated Financial Statements. 50   CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL POSITION Union Pacific Corporation and Subsidiary Companies Millions, Except Share and Per Share Amounts as of December 31, Assets Current assets: Cash and cash equivalents Accounts receivable, net (Note 10) Materials and supplies Current deferred income taxes (Note 7) Other current assets Total current assets Investments Net properties (Note 11) Other assets Total assets Liabilities and Common Shareholders' Equity Current liabilities: Accounts payable and other current liabilities (Note 12) Debt due within one year (Note 14) Total current liabilities Debt due after one year (Note 14) Deferred income taxes (Note 7) Other long-term liabilities Commitments and contingencies (Notes 16 and 17) Total liabilities Common shareholders' equity: Common shares, $2.50 par value, 800,000,000 authorized; 554,828,826 and 554,558,034 issued; 456,000,998 and 469,465,273 outstanding, respectively Paid-in-surplus Retained earnings Treasury stock Accumulated other comprehensive loss (Note 9) Total common shareholders' equity 2013 2012 $ 1,432 $ 1,414 653 268 223 3,990 1,321 43,749 671 1,063 1,331 660 263 297 3,614 1,259 41,997 283 $ 49,731 $ 47,153 $ 3,086 $ 705 3,791 8,872 14,163 1,680 2,923 196 3,119 8,801 13,108 2,248 28,506 27,276 1,387 4,210 25,288 (8,910) (750) 21,225 1,386 4,113 22,271 (6,707) (1,186) 19,877 Total liabilities and common shareholders' equity $ 49,731 $ 47,153 The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Consolidated Financial Statements. 51 CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS Union Pacific Corporation and Subsidiary Companies Millions, for the Years Ended December 31, Operating Activities Net income Adjustments to reconcile net income to cash provided by operating activities: Depreciation Deferred income taxes and unrecognized tax benefits Other operating activities, net Changes in current assets and liabilities: Accounts receivable, net Materials and supplies Other current assets Accounts payable and other current liabilities Cash provided by operating activities Investing Activities Capital investments Proceeds from asset sales Acquisition of equipment pending financing Proceeds from sale of assets financed Other investing activities, net Cash used in investing activities Financing Activities Common share repurchases (Note 18) Debt issued Dividends paid Debt repaid Debt exchange Other financing activities, net Cash used in financing activities Net change in cash and cash equivalents Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year Cash and cash equivalents at end of year Supplemental Cash Flow Information Non-cash investing and financing activities: Cash dividends declared but not yet paid Capital investments accrued but not yet paid Capital lease financings Cash paid during the year for: Interest, net of amounts capitalized Income taxes, net of refunds The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Consolidated Financial Statements. 2013 2012 2011 $ 4,388 $ 3,943 $ 3,292 1,777 723 (226) (83) 7 74 163 6,823 (3,496) 98 - - (7) (3,405) 1,760 887 (160) 70 (46) (108) (185) 6,161 (3,738) 80 (274) 274 25 (3,633) (2,218) 1,443 (1,333) (640) (289) (12) (3,049) 369 1,063 $ 1,432 (1,474) 695 (1,146) (758) - 1 (2,682) (154) 1,217 $ 1,063 $ $ 356 133 39 318 136 290 $ (528) (1,656) $ (561) (1,552) 1,617 986 (298) (217) (80) 178 395 5,873 (3,176) 108 (85) 85 (51) (3,119) (1,418) 486 (837) (690) (272) 108 (2,623) 131 1,086 $ 1,217 $ $ 284 147 154 (572) (625) 52 CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN COMMON SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY Union Pacific Corporation and Subsidiary Companies Millions Balance at January 1, 2011 Net income Other comp. loss Conversion, stock option exercises, forfeitures, and other Share repurchases (Note 18) Cash dividends declared ($1.93 per share) Balance at December 31, 2011 Net income Other comp. loss Conversion, stock option exercises, forfeitures, and other Share repurchases (Note 18) Cash dividends declared ($2.49 per share) Balance at December 31, 2012 Net income Other comp. income Conversion, stock option exercises, forfeitures, and other Share repurchases (Note 18) Cash dividends declared ($2.96 per share) Common Shares 553.9 Treasury Shares (62.3) Retained Paid-in- Common Shares Earnings Surplus $ 1,385 $ 3,985 $ 17,154 3,292 - - - - - Treasury Stock $ (4,027) - - AOCI [a] $ (734) - (320) Total $ 17,763 3,292 (320) 0.4 2.7 1 46 - 152 - - (14.8) - - - - - - (1,418) (938) - - - - 199 (1,418) (938) 554.3 (74.4) 0.3 2.1 - - (12.8) - 554.6 (85.1) $ 1,386 $ 4,031 $ 19,508 3,943 - - - - - $ (5,293) $ (1,054) - (132) - - $ 18,578 3,943 (132) - - - 82 - 60 - - - (1,474) (1,180) - - - - 142 (1,474) (1,180) $ 1,386 $ 4,113 $ 22,271 4,388 - - - - - $ (6,707) $ (1,186) - 436 - - $ 19,877 4,388 436 0.2 0.8 1 97 - 15 - - (14.5) - - - - - - (2,218) (1,371) - - - - 113 (2,218) (1,371) Balance at December 31, 2013 554.8 (98.8) $ 1,387 $ 4,210 $ 25,288 $ (8,910) $ (750) $ 21,225 [a] AOCI = Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income/(Loss) (Note 9) The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Consolidated Financial Statements. 53 NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Union Pacific Corporation and Subsidiary Companies For purposes of this report, unless the context otherwise requires, all references herein to the “Corporation”, “Company”, “UPC”, “we”, “us”, and “our” mean Union Pacific Corporation and its subsidiaries, including Union Pacific Railroad Company, which will be separately referred to herein as “UPRR” or the “Railroad”. 1. Nature of Operations Operations and Segmentation – We are a Class I railroad operating in the U.S. Our network includes 31,838 route miles, linking Pacific Coast and Gulf Coast ports with the Midwest and eastern U.S. gateways and providing several corridors to key Mexican gateways. We own 26,009 miles and operate on the remainder pursuant to trackage rights or leases. We serve the western two-thirds of the country and maintain coordinated schedules with other rail carriers for the handling of freight to and from the Atlantic Coast, the Pacific Coast, the Southeast, the Southwest, Canada, and Mexico. Export and import traffic is moved through Gulf Coast and Pacific Coast ports and across the Mexican and Canadian borders. The Railroad, along with its subsidiaries and rail affiliates, is our one reportable operating segment. Although we provide and review revenue by commodity group, we analyze the net financial results of the Railroad as one segment due to the integrated nature of our rail network. The following table provides freight revenue by commodity group: Millions Agricultural Automotive Chemicals Coal Industrial Products Intermodal Total freight revenues Other revenues Total operating revenues 2013 3,276 $ 2,077 3,501 3,978 3,822 4,030 2012 3,280 $ 1,807 3,238 3,912 3,494 3,955 20,684 $ 19,686 $ 1,279 1,240 2011 3,324 1,510 2,815 4,084 3,166 3,609 18,508 1,049 21,963 $ 20,926 $ 19,557 $ $ $ Although our revenues are principally derived from customers domiciled in the U.S., the ultimate points of origination or destination for some products transported by us are outside the U.S. Each of our commodity groups includes revenue from shipments to and from Mexico. Included in the above table are revenues from our Mexico business which amounted to $2.1 billion in 2013, $1.9 billion in 2012, and $1.8 billion in 2011. Basis of Presentation – The Consolidated Financial Statements are presented in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. (GAAP) as codified in the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Accounting Standards Codification (ASC). 2. Significant Accounting Policies Principles of Consolidation – The Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of Union Pacific Corporation and all of its subsidiaries. Investments in affiliated companies (20% to 50% owned) are accounted for using the equity method of accounting. All intercompany transactions are eliminated. We currently have no less than majority-owned investments that require consolidation under variable interest entity requirements. Cash and Cash Equivalents – Cash equivalents consist of investments with original maturities of three months or less. Accounts Receivable – Accounts receivable includes receivables reduced by an allowance for doubtful accounts. The allowance is based upon historical losses, credit worthiness of customers, and current economic conditions. Receivables not expected to be collected in one year and the associated allowances are classified as other assets in our Consolidated Statements of Financial Position. 54   Investments – Investments represent our investments in affiliated companies (20% to 50% owned) that are accounted for under the equity method of accounting and investments in companies (less than 20% owned) accounted for under the cost method of accounting. Materials and Supplies – Materials and supplies are carried at the lower of average cost or market. Property and Depreciation – Properties and equipment are carried at cost and are depreciated on a straight-line basis over their estimated service lives, which are measured in years, except for rail in high- density traffic corridors (i.e., all rail lines except for those subject to abandonment, yard and switching tracks, and electronic yards), for which lives are measured in millions of gross tons per mile of track. We use the group method of depreciation in which all items with similar characteristics, use, and expected lives are grouped together in asset classes, and are depreciated using composite depreciation rates. The group method of depreciation treats each asset class as a pool of resources, not as singular items. We determine the estimated service lives of depreciable railroad assets by means of depreciation studies. Under the group method of depreciation, no gain or loss is recognized when depreciable property is retired or replaced in the ordinary course of business. Impairment of Long-lived Assets – We review long-lived assets, including identifiable intangibles, for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. If impairment indicators are present and the estimated future undiscounted cash flows are less than the carrying value of the long-lived assets, the carrying value is reduced to the estimated fair value as measured by the discounted cash flows. Revenue Recognition – We recognize freight revenues as freight moves from origin to destination. The allocation of revenue between reporting periods is based on the relative transit time in each reporting period with expenses recognized as incurred. Other revenues, which include revenues earned by our subsidiaries, revenues from our commuter rail operations, and accessorial revenue, are recognized as service is performed or contractual obligations are met. Customer incentives, which are primarily provided for shipping a specified cumulative volume or shipping to/from specific locations, are recorded as a reduction to operating revenues based on actual or projected future customer shipments. Translation of Foreign Currency – Our portion of the assets and liabilities related to foreign investments are translated into U.S. dollars at the exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet date. Revenue and expenses are translated at the average rates of exchange prevailing during the year. Unrealized gains or losses are reflected within common shareholders’ equity as accumulated other comprehensive income or loss. Fair Value Measurements – We use a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value into three broad levels. The level in the fair value hierarchy within which the fair value measurement in its entirety falls is determined based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety. These levels include: Level 1: Quoted market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. Level 2: Observable market-based inputs or unobservable inputs that are corroborated by market data. Level 3: Unobservable inputs that are not corroborated by market data. We have applied fair value measurements to our pension plan assets and short- and long-term debt. Stock-Based Compensation – We have several stock-based compensation plans under which employees and non-employee directors receive stock options, nonvested retention shares, and nonvested stock units. We refer to the nonvested shares and stock units collectively as “retention awards”. We have elected to issue treasury shares to cover option exercises and stock unit vestings, while new shares are issued when retention shares are granted. We measure and recognize compensation expense for all stock-based awards made to employees and directors, including stock options. Compensation expense is based on the calculated fair value of the awards as measured at the grant date and is expensed ratably over the service period of the awards (generally the vesting period). The fair value of retention awards is the closing stock price on the date of grant, while the fair value of stock options is determined by using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. 55 Earnings Per Share – Basic earnings per share are calculated on the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during each period. Diluted earnings per share include shares issuable upon exercise of outstanding stock options and stock-based awards where the conversion of such instruments would be dilutive. Income Taxes – We account for income taxes by recording taxes payable or refundable for the current year and deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been recognized in our financial statements or tax returns. These expected future tax consequences are measured based on current tax law; the effects of future tax legislation are not anticipated. Future tax legislation, such as a change in the corporate tax rate, could have a material impact on our financial condition, results of operations, or liquidity. When appropriate, we record a valuation allowance against deferred tax assets to reflect that these tax assets may not be realized. In determining whether a valuation allowance is appropriate, we consider whether it is more likely than not that all or some portion of our deferred tax assets will not be realized, based on management’s judgments using available evidence for purposes of estimating whether future taxable income will be sufficient to realize a deferred tax asset. We recognize tax benefits that are more likely than not to be sustained upon examination by tax authorities. The amount recognized is measured as the largest amount of benefit that is greater than 50 percent likely to be realized upon settlement. A liability for “unrecognized tax benefits” is recorded for any tax benefits claimed in our tax returns that do not meet these recognition and measurement standards. Pension and Postretirement Benefits – We incur certain employment-related expenses associated with pensions and postretirement health benefits. In order to measure the expense associated with these benefits, we must make various assumptions including discount rates used to value certain liabilities, expected return on plan assets used to fund these expenses, compensation increases, employee turnover rates, anticipated mortality rates, and expected future health care costs. The assumptions used by us are based on our historical experience as well as current facts and circumstances. We use an actuarial analysis to measure the expense and liability associated with these benefits. Personal Injury – The cost of injuries to employees and others on our property is charged to expense based on estimates of the ultimate cost and number of incidents each year. We use an actuarial analysis to measure the expense and liability. Our personal injury liability is not discounted to present value. Legal fees and incidental costs are expensed as incurred. Asbestos – We estimate a liability for asserted and unasserted asbestos-related claims based on an assessment of the number and value of those claims. We use a statistical analysis to assist us in properly measuring our potential liability. Our liability for asbestos-related claims is not discounted to present value due to the uncertainty surrounding the timing of future payments. Legal fees and incidental costs are expensed as incurred. Environmental – When environmental issues have been identified with respect to property currently or formerly owned, leased, or otherwise used in the conduct of our business, we perform, with the assistance of our consultants, environmental assessments on such property. We expense the cost of the assessments as incurred. We accrue the cost of remediation where our obligation is probable and such costs can be reasonably estimated. We do not discount our environmental liabilities when the timing of the anticipated cash payments is not fixed or readily determinable. Legal fees and incidental costs are expensed as incurred. Use of Estimates – Our Consolidated Financial Statements include estimates and assumptions regarding certain assets, liabilities, revenue, and expenses and the disclosure of certain contingent assets and liabilities. Actual future results may differ from such estimates. 3. Accounting Pronouncements On February 5, 2013, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2013-02, Reporting of Amounts Reclassified Out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (ASU 2013-02), which adds additional disclosure requirements for items reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive income. We adopted this ASU during the three months ended March 31, 2013. 56   4. Stock Options and Other Stock Plans There are 7,140 restricted shares outstanding under the 1992 Restricted Stock Plan for Non-Employee Directors of Union Pacific Corporation. We no longer grant awards of restricted shares under this plan. In April 2000, the shareholders approved the Union Pacific Corporation 2000 Directors Plan (Directors Plan) whereby 1,100,000 shares of our common stock were reserved for issuance to our non-employee directors. Under the Directors Plan, each non-employee director, upon his or her initial election to the Board of Directors, receives a grant of 2,000 retention shares or retention stock units. Prior to December 31, 2007, each non-employee director received annually an option to purchase at fair value a number of shares of our common stock, not to exceed 10,000 shares during any calendar year, determined by dividing 60,000 by 1/3 of the fair market value of one share of our common stock on the date of such Board of Directors meeting, with the resulting quotient rounded up or down to the nearest 50 shares. In September 2007, the Board of Directors eliminated the annual payment of options for 2008 and all future years. As of December 31, 2013, 18,000 restricted shares and 81,100 options were outstanding under the Directors Plan. The Union Pacific Corporation 2001 Stock Incentive Plan (2001 Plan) was approved by the shareholders in April 2001. The 2001 Plan reserved 24,000,000 shares of our common stock for issuance to eligible employees of the Corporation and its subsidiaries in the form of non-qualified options, incentive stock options, retention shares, stock units, and incentive bonus awards. Non-employee directors were not eligible for awards under the 2001 Plan. As of December 31, 2013, 6,804 options were outstanding under the 2001 Plan. We no longer grant any stock options or other stock or unit awards under this plan. The Union Pacific Corporation 2004 Stock Incentive Plan (2004 Plan) was approved by shareholders in April 2004. The 2004 Plan reserved 42,000,000 shares of our common stock for issuance, plus any shares subject to awards made under previous plans that were outstanding on April 16, 2004, and became available for regrant pursuant to the terms of the 2004 Plan. Under the 2004 Plan, non-qualified options, stock appreciation rights, retention shares, stock units, and incentive bonus awards may be granted to eligible employees of the Corporation and its subsidiaries. Non-employee directors are not eligible for awards under the 2004 Plan. As of December 31, 2013, 3,633,693 options and 2,799,030 retention shares and stock units were outstanding under the 2004 Plan. We no longer grant any stock options or other stock or unit awards under this plan. The Union Pacific Corporation 2013 Stock Incentive Plan (2013 Plan) was approved by shareholders in May 2013. The 2013 Plan reserved 39,000,000 shares of our common stock for issuance, plus any shares subject to awards made under previous plans as of February 28, 2013, that are subsequently cancelled, expired, forfeited or otherwise not issued under previous plans. Under the 2013 Plan, non- qualified options, incentive stock options, retention shares, stock units, and incentive bonus awards may be granted to eligible employees of the Corporation and its subsidiaries. Non-employee directors are not eligible for awards under the 2013 Plan. As of December 31, 2013, only 1,064 retention shares and stock units were outstanding under the 2013 Plan. Pursuant to the above plans 39,787,448; 32,168,520; and 32,374,343 shares of our common stock were authorized and available for grant at December 31, 2013, 2012, and 2011, respectively. Stock-Based Compensation – We have several stock-based compensation plans under which employees and non-employee directors receive stock options, nonvested retention shares, and nonvested stock units. We refer to the nonvested shares and stock units collectively as “retention awards”. We have elected to issue treasury shares to cover option exercises and stock unit vestings, while new shares are issued when retention shares are granted. Information regarding stock-based compensation appears in the table below:  Millions Stock-based compensation, before tax: Stock options Retention awards Total stock-based compensation, before tax 2013 2012 2011 $ 19 79 $ 98 $ $ 18 75 93 $ 18 64 $ 82 Excess tax benefits from equity compensation plans $ 76 $ 100 $ 83 57   Stock Options – We estimate the fair value of our stock option awards using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The table below shows the annual weighted-average assumptions used for valuation purposes: Weighted-Average Assumptions Risk-free interest rate Dividend yield Expected life (years) Volatility 2013 0.8% 2.1% 5.0 36.2% 2012 0.8% 2.1% 5.3 36.8% 2011 2.3% 1.6% 5.3 35.9% Weighted-average grant-date fair value of options granted $ 34.98 $ 31.29 $ 28.45 The risk-free rate is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant; the dividend yield is calculated as the ratio of dividends paid per share of common stock to the stock price on the date of grant; the expected life is based on historical and expected exercise behavior; and volatility is based on the historical volatility of our stock price over the expected life of the option. A summary of stock option activity during 2013 is presented below: Outstanding at January 1, 2013 Granted Exercised Forfeited or expired Outstanding at December 31, 2013 Vested or expected to vest at December 31, 2013 Shares (thous.) 4,289 572 (1,117) (22) 3,722 3,722 Options exercisable at December 31, 2013 2,575 $ Weighted-Average Exercise Price 65.68 132.00 50.64 107.99 Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Term 5.8 yrs. N/A N/A N/A Aggregate Intrinsic Value (millions) 258 $ N/A N/A N/A $ $ $ 80.14 80.12 62.46 5.8 yrs. 5.8 yrs. 4.7 yrs. $ $ $ 327 325 272 Stock options are granted at the closing price on the date of grant, have ten-year contractual terms, and vest no later than three years from the date of grant. None of the stock options outstanding at December 31, 2013 are subject to performance or market-based vesting conditions. At December 31, 2013, there was $17 million of unrecognized compensation expense related to nonvested stock options, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1 year. Additional information regarding stock option exercises appears in the table below: Millions Intrinsic value of stock options exercised Cash received from option exercises Treasury shares repurchased for employee payroll taxes Tax benefit realized from option exercises Aggregate grant-date fair value of stock options vested $ 2013 112 51 (21) 43 16 $ 2012 244 84 (30) 93 16 $ 2011 209 137 (53) 80 19 58       Retention Awards – The fair value of retention awards is based on the closing price of the stock on the grant date. Dividends and dividend equivalents are paid to participants during the vesting periods. Changes in our retention awards during 2013 were as follows: Nonvested at January 1, 2013 Granted Vested Forfeited Nonvested at December 31, 2013 Shares (thous.) 2,355 421 (858) (62) 1,856 Weighted-Average Grant-Date Fair Value 73.27 $ 132.04 47.70 84.81 $ 98.04 Retention awards are granted at no cost to the employee or non-employee director and vest over periods lasting up to four years. At December 31, 2013, there was $71 million of total unrecognized compensation expense related to nonvested retention awards, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted- average period of 1.5 years. Performance Retention Awards – In February 2013, our Board of Directors approved performance stock unit grants. Other than different performance targets, the basic terms of these performance stock units are identical to those granted in February 2011 and February 2012, including using annual return on invested capital (ROIC) as the performance measure. We define ROIC as net operating profit adjusted for interest expense (including interest on the present value of operating leases) and taxes on interest divided by average invested capital adjusted for the present value of operating leases. Stock units awarded to selected employees under these grants are subject to continued employment for 37 months and the attainment of certain levels of ROIC. We expense the fair value of the units that are probable of being earned based on our forecasted ROIC over the 3-year performance period. We measure the fair value of these performance stock units based upon the closing price of the underlying common stock as of the date of grant, reduced by the present value of estimated future dividends. Dividend equivalents are paid to participants only after the units are earned. The assumptions used to calculate the present value of estimated future dividends related to the February 2013 grant were as follows: Dividend per share per quarter Risk-free interest rate at date of grant Changes in our performance retention awards during 2013 were as follows: $ 2013 0.69 0.4% Nonvested at January 1, 2013 Granted Vested Forfeited Nonvested at December 31, 2013 Shares (thous.) 1,075 304 (401) (34) 944 Weighted-Average Grant-Date Fair Value 83.80 $ 125.14 58.33 98.69 $ 107.40 At December 31, 2013, there was $39 million of total unrecognized compensation expense related to nonvested performance retention awards, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.1 years. This expense is subject to achievement of the ROIC levels established for the performance stock unit grants. 59           5. Retirement Plans Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits Pension Plans – We provide defined benefit retirement income to eligible non-union employees through qualified and non-qualified (supplemental) pension plans. Qualified and non-qualified pension benefits are based on years of service and the highest compensation during the latest years of employment, with specific reductions made for early retirements. Other Postretirement Benefits (OPEB) – We provide medical and life insurance benefits for eligible retirees. These benefits are funded as medical claims and life insurance premiums are paid. Funded Status We are required by GAAP to separately recognize the overfunded or underfunded status of our pension and OPEB plans as an asset or liability. The funded status represents the difference between the projected benefit obligation (PBO) and the fair value of the plan assets. Our non-qualified (supplemental) pension plan is unfunded by design. The PBO of the pension plans is the present value of benefits earned to date by plan participants, including the effect of assumed future compensation increases. The PBO of the OPEB plan is equal to the accumulated benefit obligation, as the present value of the OPEB liabilities is not affected by compensation increases. Plan assets are measured at fair value. We use a December 31 measurement date for plan assets and obligations for all our retirement plans. Changes in our PBO and plan assets were as follows for the years ended December 31: Funded Status Millions Projected Benefit Obligation Projected benefit obligation at beginning of year Service cost Interest cost Actuarial loss/(gain) Gross benefits paid Projected benefit obligation at end of year Plan Assets Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year Actual return on plan assets Voluntary funded pension plan contributions Non-qualified plan benefit contributions Gross benefits paid Fair value of plan assets at end of year Funded status at end of year Pension OPEB 2013 2012 2013 2012 $ $ $ $ $ 3,591 72 134 (257) (168) 3,372 2,875 506 200 16 (168) 3,429 57 $ $ $ $ $ 3,165 54 141 391 (160) 3,591 2,505 315 200 15 (160) 2,875 (716) $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 372 3 12 (34) (23) 330 - - - 23 (23) 336 3 15 42 (24) 372 - - - 24 (24) - $ - (330) $ (372) Amounts recognized in the statement of financial position as of December 31, 2013 and 2012 consist of: Millions Noncurrent assets Current liabilities Noncurrent liabilities Net amounts recognized at end of year Pension 2013 364 (16) (291) $ 2012 1 (16) (701) OPEB $ 2013 - (25) (305) $ 2012 - (27) (345) 57 $ (716) $ (330) $ (372) $ $ 60     Pre-tax amounts recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss) as of December 31, 2013 and 2012 consist of: Millions Prior service (cost)/credit Net actuarial loss Total Pension - $ (1,018) $ (1,018) $ $ 2013 OPEB 28 (125) Total $ 28 (1,143) $ Pension - (1,685) 2012 OPEB 45 (175) $ $ Total 45 (1,860) (97) $ (1,115) $ (1,685) $ (130) $ (1,815) Pre-tax changes recognized in other comprehensive income/(loss) during 2013, 2012 and 2011 were as follows: Millions Prior service cost/(credit) Net actuarial loss/(gain) Amortization of: Prior service cost/(credit) Actuarial loss Pension $ 2013 - (561) $ 2012 - 265 $ 2011 - 515 $ 2013 - (34) OPEB 2012 - 42 $ $ 2011 10 14 Total $ (667) $ 181 $ 442 $ (33) $ 47 $ - (106) (1) (83) (2) (71) 16 (15) 18 (13) 34 (11) 47 Amounts included in accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss) expected to be amortized into net periodic cost (benefit) during 2014: Millions Prior service benefit Net actuarial loss Total Pension - $ 69 $ 69 OPEB $ (11) 10 $ (1) Total $ (11) 79 $ 68 Underfunded Accumulated Benefit Obligation – The accumulated benefit obligation (ABO) is the present value of benefits earned to date, assuming no future compensation growth. The underfunded accumulated benefit obligation represents the difference between the ABO and the fair value of plan assets. At December 31, 2013 and 2012, the non-qualified (supplemental) plan ABO was $302 million and $331 million, respectively. The following table discloses only the PBO, ABO, and fair value of plan assets for pension plans where the accumulated benefit obligation is in excess of the fair value of the plan assets as of December 31: Underfunded Accumulated Benefit Obligation Millions Projected benefit obligation Accumulated benefit obligation Fair value of plan assets Underfunded accumulated benefit obligation 2013 308 302 - (302) $ $ $ 2012 3,574 3,440 2,857 (583) $ $ $ The ABO for all defined benefit pension plans was $3.2 billion and $3.4 billion at December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively. 61       Assumptions – The weighted-average actuarial assumptions used to determine benefit obligations at December 31: Percentages Discount rate Compensation increase Health care cost trend rate (employees under 65) Ultimate health care cost trend rate Year ultimate trend rate reached Expense Pension OPEB 2013 4.72% 4.00% N/A N/A N/A 2012 3.78% 3.76% N/A N/A N/A 2013 4.47% N/A 6.49% 4.50% 2028 2012 3.48% N/A 6.64% 4.50% 2028 Both pension and OPEB expense are determined based upon the annual service cost of benefits (the actuarial cost of benefits earned during a period) and the interest cost on those liabilities, less the expected return on plan assets. The expected long-term rate of return on plan assets is applied to a calculated value of plan assets that recognizes changes in fair value over a five-year period. This practice is intended to reduce year-to-year volatility in pension expense, but it can have the effect of delaying the recognition of differences between actual returns on assets and expected returns based on long-term rate of return assumptions. Differences in actual experience in relation to assumptions are not recognized in net income immediately, but are deferred in accumulated other comprehensive income and, if necessary, amortized as pension or OPEB expense. The components of our net periodic pension and OPEB cost/(benefit) were as follows for the years ended December 31: Millions Net Periodic Benefit Cost: Service cost Interest cost Expected return on plan assets Amortization of: Prior service cost/(credit) Actuarial loss Pension 2013 2012 2011 2013 OPEB 2012 $ $ 72 134 (202) $ 54 141 (190) 40 145 (180) $ $ 3 12 - $ 3 15 - - 106 1 83 2 71 (16) 15 (18) 13 Net periodic benefit cost/(benefit) $ 110 $ 89 $ 78 $ 14 $ 13 $ 2011 2 15 - (34) 11 (6) Assumptions – The weighted-average actuarial assumptions used to determine expense were as follows for the years ended December 31: Percentages Discount rate Expected return on plan assets Compensation increase Health care cost trend rate (employees under 65) Ultimate health care cost trend rate Year ultimate trend reached OPEB Pension 2012 2012 2013 2011 2013 2011 3.78% 4.54% 5.35% 3.48% 4.36% 5.01% N/A 7.50% 7.50% 7.50% 3.43% 3.69% 4.48% N/A 6.64% 6.91% 7.07% N/A N/A 4.50% 4.50% 4.50% N/A N/A 2028 2028 2028 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A The discount rate was based on a yield curve of high quality corporate bonds with cash flows matching our plans’ expected benefit payments. The expected return on plan assets is based on our asset allocation mix and our historical return, taking into account current and expected market conditions. The actual return on pension plan assets, net of fees, was approximately 17% in 2013, 13% in 2012, and 2% in 2011. Assumed health care cost trend rates have an effect on the expense and liabilities reported for health care plans. The assumed health care cost trend rate is based on historical rates and expected market conditions. The 2014 assumed health care cost trend rate for employees under 65 is 6.64%. It is 62     assumed the rate will decrease gradually to an ultimate rate of 4.5% in 2028 and will remain at that level. A one-percentage point change in the assumed health care cost trend rates would have the following effects on OPEB: Millions Effect on total service and interest cost components Effect on accumulated benefit obligation Cash Contributions One % pt. Increase 1 $ 15 One % pt. Decrease (1) (13) $ The following table details our cash contributions for the qualified pension plans and the benefit payments for the non-qualified (supplemental) pension and OPEB plans: Millions 2012 2013 Pension $ Qualified 200 200 Non-qualified 15 16 OPEB 24 23 Our policy with respect to funding the qualified plans is to fund at least the minimum required by law and not more than the maximum amount deductible for tax purposes. All contributions made to the qualified pension plans in 2013 were voluntary and were made with cash generated from operations. The non-qualified pension and OPEB plans are not funded and are not subject to any minimum regulatory funding requirements. Benefit payments for each year represent supplemental pension payments and claims paid for medical and life insurance. We anticipate our 2014 supplemental pension and OPEB payments will be made from cash generated from operations. Benefit Payments The following table details expected benefit payments for the years 2014 through 2023: Millions 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Years 2019 - 2023 Asset Allocation Strategy Pension $ 171 176 181 185 191 1,019 $ OPEB 25 25 25 25 25 114 Our pension plan asset allocation at December 31, 2013 and 2012, and target allocation for 2014, are as follows: Equity securities Debt securities Real estate Commodities Total Target Allocation 2014 60% to 70% 20% to 30% 2% to 8% 4% to 6% Percentage of Plan Assets December 31, 2012 65% 25 5 5 2013 70% 21 4 5 100% 100% The investment strategy for pension plan assets is to maintain a broadly diversified portfolio designed to achieve our target average long-term rate of return of 7.5%. While we believe we can achieve a long-term average rate of return of 7.5%, we cannot be certain that the portfolio will perform to our expectations. Assets are strategically allocated among equity, debt, and other investments in order to achieve a 63   diversification level that reduces fluctuations in investment returns. Asset allocation target ranges for equity, debt, and other portfolios are evaluated at least every three years with the assistance of an independent consulting firm. Actual asset allocations are monitored monthly, and rebalancing actions are executed at least quarterly, if needed. The pension plan investments are held in a Master Trust. The majority of pension plan assets are invested in equity securities because equity portfolios have historically provided higher returns than debt and other asset classes over extended time horizons and are expected to do so in the future. Correspondingly, equity investments also entail greater risks than other investments. Equity risks are balanced by investing a significant portion of the plans’ assets in high quality debt securities. The average credit rating of the debt portfolio exceeded A+ as of December 31, 2013 and 2012. The debt portfolio is also broadly diversified and invested primarily in U.S. Treasury, mortgage, and corporate securities. The weighted-average maturity of the debt portfolio was 12 years at both December 31, 2013 and 2012. The investment of pension plan assets in securities issued by UPC is explicitly prohibited by the plan for both the equity and debt portfolios, other than through index fund holdings. Fair Value Measurements The pension plan assets are valued at fair value. The following is a description of the valuation methodologies used for the investments measured at fair value, including the general classification of such instruments pursuant to the valuation hierarchy. Temporary Cash Investments – These investments consist of U.S. dollars and foreign currencies held in master trust accounts at The Northern Trust Company. Foreign currencies held are reported in terms of U.S. dollars based on currency exchange rates readily available in active markets. These temporary cash investments are classified as Level 1 investments. Registered Investment Companies – Registered Investment Companies are real estate investments, non-U.S. stock investments, and bond investments registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission. The real estate investments and non-U.S. stock investments are traded actively on public exchanges. The share prices for these investments are published at the close of each business day. Holdings of real estate investments and non-U.S. stock investments are classified as Level 1 investments. The bond investments are not traded publicly, but the underlying assets (stocks and bonds) held in these funds are traded on active markets and the prices for these assets are readily observable. Holdings in bond investments are classified as Level 2 investments. U.S. Government Securities – Federal Government Securities consist of bills, notes, bonds, and other fixed income securities issued directly by the U.S. Treasury or by government-sponsored enterprises. These assets are valued using a bid evaluation process with bid data provided by independent pricing sources. Federal Government Securities are classified as Level 2 investments. Corporate Bonds & Debentures – Bonds and debentures consist of fixed income securities issued by U.S. and non-U.S. corporations as well as state and local governments. These assets are valued using a bid evaluation process with bid data provided by independent pricing sources. Corporate, state, and municipal bonds and debentures are classified as Level 2 investments. Corporate Stock – This investment category consists of common and preferred stock issued by U.S. and non-U.S. corporations. Most common shares are traded actively on exchanges and price quotes for these shares are readily available. Common stock is classified as a Level 1 investment. Preferred shares included in this category are valued using a bid evaluation process with bid data provided by independent pricing sources. Preferred stock is classified as a Level 2 investment. Venture Capital and Buyout Partnerships – This investment category is comprised of interests in limited partnerships that invest primarily in privately-held companies. Due to the private nature of the partnership investments, pricing inputs are not readily observable. Asset valuations are developed by the general partners that manage the partnerships. These valuations are based on the application of public market multiples to private company cash flows, market transactions that provide valuation information for comparable companies, and other methods. Holdings of limited partnership interests are classified as Level 3 investments. 64 Real Estate Partnerships – Most of the real estate investments are partnership interests similar to those described in the Venture Capital and Buyout Partnerships category. This category also includes real estate investments held in less commonly used structures such as private real estate investment trusts and pooled separate accounts. Valuations for the holdings in this category are not based on readily observable inputs and are primarily derived from property appraisals. Interests in private real estate partnerships, investment trusts and pooled separate accounts are classified as Level 3 investments. Common Trust and Other Funds – Common trust funds are comprised of shares or units in commingled funds that are not publicly traded. The underlying assets in these funds (U.S. stock funds, non-U.S. stock funds, commodity funds, and short term investment funds) are publicly traded on exchanges and price quotes for the assets held by these funds are readily available. Holdings of common trust funds are classified as Level 2 investments. This category also includes investments in limited liability companies that invest in publicly-traded convertible securities, commodities, and other assets. The limited liability company investments are funds that invest in both long and short positions in convertible securities, stocks, commodities, and fixed income securities. The underlying securities held by the funds are traded actively on exchanges and price quotes for these investments are readily available. Interests in the limited liability companies are classified as a Level 2 investments. Other Investments – This category includes several miscellaneous assets such as commodity hedge fund investments and derivative securities. These investments have valuations that are based on observable inputs and are classified as Level 2 investments. As of December 31, 2013, the pension plan assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis were as follows: Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Inputs (Level 1) Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) - - - - - 213 139 - - 352 $ Total 16 264 126 310 999 213 139 1,357 - 3,424 5 $ 3,429 Millions Plan assets: Temporary cash investments Registered investment companies U.S. government securities Corporate bonds & debentures Corporate stock Venture capital and buyout partnerships Real estate partnerships Common trust and other funds Other investments $ $ 16 11 - - 983 - - - - $ - 253 126 310 16 - - 1,357 - Total plan assets at fair value $ 1,010 $ 2,062 $ Other assets [a] Total plan assets [a] Other assets include accrued receivables and pending broker settlements. 65 As of December 31, 2012, the pension plan assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis were as follows: Millions Plan assets: Temporary cash investments Registered investment companies U.S. government securities Corporate bonds & debentures Corporate stock Venture capital and buyout partnerships Real estate partnerships Common trust and other funds Other investments Total plan assets at fair value Other assets [a] Total plan assets Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Inputs (Level 1) Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) $ $ 14 10 - - 758 - - - - 782 $ $ - 258 125 326 12 - - 1,018 27 $ 1,766 $ - - - - - 179 143 - - 322 $ Total 14 268 125 326 770 179 143 1,018 27 2,870 5 $ 2,875 [a] Other assets include accrued receivables and pending broker settlements. For the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012, there were no significant transfers in or out of Levels 1, 2, or 3. The following table presents a reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances of the fair value measurements using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3 investments) during 2013: Millions Beginning balance - January 1, 2013 Realized gain Unrealized gain Purchases Sales $ Venture Capital and Buyout Partnerships 179 7 24 43 (40) $ Real Estate Partnerships 143 8 3 23 (38) $ Ending balance - December 31, 2013 $ 213 $ 139 $ Total 322 15 27 66 (78) 352 The following table presents a reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances of the fair value measurements using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3 investments) during 2012: Millions Beginning balance - January 1, 2012 Realized gain/(loss) Unrealized gain Purchases Sales $ Venture Capital and Buyout Partnerships 184 11 1 18 (35) $ Real Estate Partnerships 126 3 - 23 (9) $ Ending balance - December 31, 2012 $ 179 $ 143 $ Total 310 14 1 41 (44) 322 66     Other Retirement Programs 401(k)/Thrift Plan – We provide a defined contribution plan (401(k)/thrift plan) to eligible non-union and union employees for whom we make matching contributions. We match 50 cents for each dollar contributed by employees up to the first six percent of compensation contributed. Our plan contributions were $18 million in 2013, $15 million in 2012 and $14 million in 2011. Railroad Retirement System – All Railroad employees are covered by the Railroad Retirement System (the System). Contributions made to the System are expensed as incurred and amounted to approximately $670 million in 2013, $644 million in 2012, and $600 million in 2011. Collective Bargaining Agreements – Under collective bargaining agreements, we participate in multi- employer benefit plans that provide certain postretirement health care and life insurance benefits for eligible union employees. Premiums paid under these plans are expensed as incurred and amounted to $57 million in 2013, $62 million in 2012, and $66 million in 2011. 6. Other Income Other income included the following for the years ended December 31: Millions Rental income Net gain on non-operating asset dispositions Interest income Early extinguishment of debt Non-operating environmental costs and other Total 2013 [a] $ 106 32 4 (1) (13) $ 128 $ 2012 83 29 3 (6) (1) $ 2011 80 43 3 (5) (9) $ 108 $ 112 [a] Rental income includes $17 million related to a land lease contract settlement. 7. Income Taxes Components of income tax expense were as follows for the years ended December 31: Millions Current tax expense: Federal State Total current tax expense Deferred tax expense: Federal State Total deferred tax expense Unrecognized tax benefits: Federal State Total unrecognized tax benefits expense/(benefits) 2013 2012 2011 $ 1,738 199 $ 1,335 153 $ 1,937 1,488 659 119 778 (54) (1) (55) 760 120 880 5 2 7 862 124 986 894 70 964 11 11 22 Total income tax expense $ 2,660 $ 2,375 $ 1,972 67     For the years ended December 31, reconciliations between statutory and effective tax rates are as follows: Tax Rate Percentages Federal statutory tax rate State statutory rates, net of federal benefits Deferred tax adjustments Tax credits Other Effective tax rate 2013 35.0 % 3.1 (0.1) (0.2) (0.1) 37.7 % 2012 35.0 % 3.1 (0.1) (0.5) 0.1 37.6 % 2011 35.0 % 3.1 (0.5) (0.5) 0.4 37.5 % In February of 2011, Arizona enacted legislation that will decrease the state’s corporate tax rate. This reduced our deferred tax expense by $14 million in the first quarter of 2011. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recorded for the expected future tax consequences of events that are reported in different periods for financial reporting and income tax purposes. The majority of our deferred tax assets relate to deductions that already have been claimed for financial reporting purposes but not for tax purposes. The majority of our deferred tax liabilities relate to differences between the tax bases and financial reporting amounts of our land and depreciable property, due to accelerated tax depreciation (including bonus depreciation), revaluation of assets in purchase accounting transactions, and differences in capitalization methods. Deferred income tax (liabilities)/assets were comprised of the following at December 31: Millions Deferred income tax liabilities: Property Other Total deferred income tax liabilities Deferred income tax assets: Accrued wages Accrued casualty costs Accrued stock compensation Debt and leases Retiree benefits Credits Other Total deferred income tax assets Net deferred income tax liability Current portion of deferred taxes Non-current portion of deferred taxes Net deferred income tax liability 2013 2012 $ (14,448) (260) $ (13,863) (237) (14,708) (14,100) 71 223 66 41 100 182 130 813 69 238 58 185 365 200 140 $ 1,255 $ $ (13,895) $ (12,845) $ 268 (14,163) $ 263 (13,108) $ (13,895) $ (12,845) When appropriate, we record a valuation allowance against deferred tax assets to reflect that these tax assets may not be realized. In determining whether a valuation allowance is appropriate, we consider whether it is more likely than not that all or some portion of our deferred tax assets will not be realized based on management’s judgments using available evidence for purposes of estimating whether future taxable income will be sufficient to realize a deferred tax asset. In 2013 and 2012, there were no valuation allowances. Tax benefits are recognized only for tax positions that are more likely than not to be sustained upon examination by tax authorities. The amount recognized is measured as the largest amount of benefit that is greater than 50 percent likely to be realized upon settlement. Unrecognized tax benefits are tax benefits claimed in our tax returns that do not meet these recognition and measurement standards. 68       A reconciliation of changes in unrecognized tax benefits liabilities/(assets) from the beginning to the end of the reporting period is as follows: Millions Unrecognized tax benefits at January 1 Increases for positions taken in current year Increases for positions taken in prior years Decreases for positions taken in prior years Payments to and settlements with taxing authorities Increases/(decreases) for interest and penalties Lapse of statutes of limitations Unrecognized tax benefits at December 31 2013 $ 115 24 15 (30) (63) - (2) $ 59 2012 $ 107 29 4 (19) - (4) (2) $ 115 $ 2011 86 9 81 (30) (27) (9) (3) $ 107 We recognize interest and penalties as part of income tax expense. Total accrued liabilities for interest and penalties were $6 million at both December 31, 2013 and 2012. Total interest and penalties recognized as part of income tax expense (benefit) were $7 million for 2013, $(4) million for 2012, and $10 million for 2011. Internal Revenue Service (IRS) examinations have been completed and settled for all years prior to 2005, and the statute of limitations bars any additional tax assessments. The IRS has completed their examinations and issued notices of deficiency for tax years 2005 through 2010. We disagree with many of their proposed adjustments, and we are at IRS Appeals for those years. Additionally, several state tax authorities are examining our state income tax returns for years 2006 through 2010. In the fourth quarter of 2013, we reached an agreement in principle with the IRS to resolve all of the issues related to tax years 2005 through 2008, except for calculations of interest. We anticipate signing a closing agreement with the IRS within the next 12 months. Once formalized, this agreement should have an immaterial effect on our income tax expense. Based on this agreement in principle, we made a payment of $80 million, consisting of $68 million of tax and $12 million of interest. In 2012, UPC and the IRS signed a closing agreement resolving all tax matters for tax years 1999-2004. The settlement had an immaterial effect on our income tax expense. In connection with the settlement, we received refunds of $8 million in 2013. We do not expect our unrecognized tax benefits to change significantly in the next 12 months. At December 31, 2013, we had a net unrecognized tax benefit liability of $59 million. Of that amount, $25 million is classified as a current liability in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position. The portion of our unrecognized tax benefits that relates to permanent changes in tax and interest would reduce our effective tax rate, if recognized. The remaining unrecognized tax benefits relate to tax positions for which only the timing of the benefit is uncertain. Recognition of the tax benefits with uncertain timing would reduce our effective tax rate only through a reduction of accrued interest and penalties. The unrecognized tax benefits that would reduce our effective tax rate are as follows: Millions Unrecognized tax benefits that would reduce the effective tax rate Unrecognized tax benefits that would not reduce the effective tax rate Total unrecognized tax benefits 2013 34 25 $ 2012 41 74 59 $ 115 $ $ $ 2011 80 27 $ 107 69   8. Earnings Per Share The following table provides a reconciliation between basic and diluted earnings per share for the years ended December 31: Millions, Except Per Share Amounts Net income Weighted-average number of shares outstanding: Basic Dilutive effect of stock options Dilutive effect of retention shares and units Diluted Earnings per share – basic Earnings per share – diluted 2013 2012 2011 $ 4,388 $ 3,943 $ 3,292 463.3 1.2 1.3 465.8 9.47 9.42 $ $ 473.1 1.8 1.6 476.5 $ $ 8.33 8.27 $ $ 485.7 2.6 1.5 489.8 6.78 6.72 Common stock options totaling 0.2 million, 0.5 million, and 0.6 million for 2013, 2012, and 2011, respectively, were excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share because the exercise prices of these options exceeded the average market price of our common stock for the respective periods, and the effect of their inclusion would be anti-dilutive. 9. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income/(Loss) Reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss) were as follows (net of tax): Millions Balance at January 1, 2013 Other comprehensive income/(loss) before reclassifications Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss) [a] Net year-to-date other comprehensive income/(loss), net of taxes of ($264) million Balance at December 31, 2013 Balance at January 1, 2012 Other comprehensive income/(loss) before reclassifications Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss) [a] Net year-to-date other comprehensive income/(loss), net of taxes of $82 million $ $ $ Defined benefit plans (1,149) Foreign currency translation (36) $ Derivatives (1) $ $ Total (1,186) (1) 437 436 (713) (1,004) (6) (139) (145) $ $ (1) - (1) (37) (48) 12 - 12 1 - 1 (1) 437 436 $ $ - $ (750) (2) $ (1,054) 1 - 1 7 (139) (132) Balance at December 31, 2012 $ (1,149) $ (36) $ (1) $ (1,186) [a] The accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss) reclassification components are 1) prior service cost/(benefit) and 2) net actuarial loss which are both included in the computation of net periodic pension cost. See Note 5 Retirement Plans for additional details. 10. Accounts Receivable Accounts receivable includes freight and other receivables reduced by an allowance for doubtful accounts. The allowance is based upon historical losses, credit worthiness of customers, and current economic conditions. At December 31, 2013, and 2012, our accounts receivable were reduced by $1 million and $4 million, respectively. Receivables not expected to be collected in one year and the associated allowances are classified as other assets in our Consolidated Statements of Financial 70       Position. At December 31, 2013, and 2012, receivables classified as other assets were reduced by allowances of $22 million and $33 million, respectively. Receivables Securitization Facility – The Railroad maintains a $600 million, 364-day receivables securitization facility under which it sells most of its eligible third-party receivables to Union Pacific Receivables, Inc. (UPRI), a wholly-owned, bankruptcy-remote subsidiary that may subsequently transfer, without recourse an undivided interest in accounts receivable to investors. The investors have no recourse to the Railroad’s other assets except for customary warranty and indemnity claims. Creditors of the Railroad do not have recourse to the assets of UPRI. The amount outstanding under the facility was $0 and $100 million at December 31, 2013, and December 31, 2012, respectively. The facility was supported by $1.1 billion of accounts receivable as collateral at both December 31, 2013, and December 31, 2012, which, as a retained interest, is included in accounts receivable, net in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Position. The outstanding amount the Railroad is allowed to maintain under the facility, with a maximum of $600 million, may fluctuate based on the availability of eligible receivables and is directly affected by business volumes and credit risks, including receivables payment quality measures such as default and dilution ratios. If default or dilution ratios increase one percent, the allowable outstanding amount under the facility would not materially change. The costs of the receivables securitization facility include interest, which will vary based on prevailing commercial paper rates, program fees paid to banks, commercial paper issuing costs, and fees for unused commitment availability. The costs of the receivables securitization facility are included in interest expense and were $5 million, $3 million and $4 million for 2013, 2012, and 2011, respectively. In July 2013, the $600 million receivables securitization facility was renewed for an additional 364-day period at comparable terms and conditions. 11. Properties The following tables list the major categories of property and equipment, as well as the weighted-average estimated useful life for each category (in years): Millions, Except Estimated Useful Life As of December 31, 2013 Accumulated Cost Depreciation Net Book Value Estimated Useful Life Land Road: Rail and other track material Ties Ballast Other roadway [a] Total road Equipment: Locomotives Freight cars Work equipment and other Total equipment Technology and other Construction in progress Total $ 5,120 $ N/A $ 5,120 13,861 8,785 4,621 15,596 42,863 7,518 2,085 561 10,164 711 954 4,970 2,310 1,171 2,726 11,177 3,481 1,000 119 4,600 286 - 8,891 6,475 3,450 12,870 31,686 4,037 1,085 442 5,564 425 954 $ 59,812 $ 16,063 $ 43,749 N/A 35 33 34 48 N/A 20 25 18 N/A 10 N/A N/A [a] Other roadway includes grading, bridges and tunnels, signals, buildings, and other road assets. 71    Millions, Except Estimated Useful Life As of December 31, 2012 Accumulated Cost Depreciation Net Book Value Estimated Useful Life Land $ 5,105 $ N/A $ 5,105 Road: Rail and other track material Ties Ballast Other roadway [a] Total road Equipment: Locomotives Freight cars Work equipment and other Total equipment Technology and other Construction in progress Total 13,220 8,404 4,399 14,806 40,829 7,297 1,991 535 9,823 633 889 4,756 2,157 1,085 2,583 10,581 3,321 1,018 89 4,428 273 - 8,464 6,247 3,314 12,223 30,248 3,976 973 446 5,395 360 889 $ 57,279 $ 15,282 $ 41,997 N/A 33 33 34 49 N/A 19 23 17 N/A 11 N/A N/A [a] Other roadway includes grading, bridges and tunnels, signals, buildings, and other road assets. Property and Depreciation – Our railroad operations are highly capital intensive, and our large base of homogeneous, network-type assets turns over on a continuous basis. Each year we develop a capital program for the replacement of assets and for the acquisition or construction of assets that enable us to enhance our operations or provide new service offerings to customers. Assets purchased or constructed throughout the year are capitalized if they meet applicable minimum units of property criteria. Properties and equipment are carried at cost and are depreciated on a straight-line basis over their estimated service lives, which are measured in years, except for rail in high-density traffic corridors (i.e., all rail lines except for those subject to abandonment, yard and switching tracks, and electronic yards) for which lives are measured in millions of gross tons per mile of track. We use the group method of depreciation in which all items with similar characteristics, use, and expected lives are grouped together in asset classes, and are depreciated using composite depreciation rates. The group method of depreciation treats each asset class as a pool of resources, not as singular items. We currently have more than 60 depreciable asset classes, and we may increase or decrease the number of asset classes due to changes in technology, asset strategies, or other factors. We determine the estimated service lives of depreciable railroad assets by means of depreciation studies. We perform depreciation studies at least every three years for equipment and every six years for track assets (i.e., rail and other track material, ties, and ballast) and other road property. Our depreciation studies take into account the following factors:  Statistical analysis of historical patterns of use and retirements of each of our asset classes;  Evaluation of any expected changes in current operations and the outlook for continued use of the assets;  Evaluation of technological advances and changes to maintenance practices; and  Expected salvage to be received upon retirement. For rail in high-density traffic corridors, we measure estimated service lives in millions of gross tons per mile of track. It has been our experience that the lives of rail in high-density traffic corridors are closely correlated to usage (i.e., the amount of weight carried over the rail). The service lives also vary based on rail weight, rail condition (e.g., new or secondhand), and rail type (e.g., straight or curve). Our depreciation studies for rail in high density traffic corridors consider each of these factors in determining the estimated service lives. For rail in high-density traffic corridors, we calculate depreciation rates annually by dividing the number of gross ton-miles carried over the rail (i.e., the weight of loaded and empty freight cars, locomotives and maintenance of way equipment transported over the rail) by the estimated service lives of the rail measured in millions of gross tons per mile. For all other depreciable assets, we compute depreciation based on the estimated service lives of our assets as determined from 72   the analysis of our depreciation studies. Changes in the estimated service lives of our assets and their related depreciation rates are implemented prospectively. Under group depreciation, the historical cost (net of salvage) of depreciable property that is retired or replaced in the ordinary course of business is charged to accumulated depreciation and no gain or loss is recognized. The historical cost of certain track assets is estimated using (i) inflation indices published by the Bureau of Labor Statistics and (ii) the estimated useful lives of the assets as determined by our depreciation studies. The indices were selected because they closely correlate with the major costs of the properties comprising the applicable track asset classes. Because of the number of estimates inherent in the depreciation and retirement processes and because it is impossible to precisely estimate each of these variables until a group of property is completely retired, we continually monitor the estimated service lives of our assets and the accumulated depreciation associated with each asset class to ensure our depreciation rates are appropriate. In addition, we determine if the recorded amount of accumulated depreciation is deficient (or in excess) of the amount indicated by our depreciation studies. Any deficiency (or excess) is amortized as a component of depreciation expense over the remaining service lives of the applicable classes of assets. For retirements of depreciable railroad properties that do not occur in the normal course of business, a gain or loss may be recognized if the retirement meets each of the following three conditions: (i) is unusual, (ii) is material in amount, and (iii) varies significantly from the retirement profile identified through our depreciation studies. A gain or loss is recognized in other income when we sell land or dispose of assets that are not part of our railroad operations. When we purchase an asset, we capitalize all costs necessary to make the asset ready for its intended use. However, many of our assets are self-constructed. A large portion of our capital expenditures is for replacement of existing track assets and other road properties, which is typically performed by our employees, and for track line expansion and other capacity projects. Costs that are directly attributable to capital projects (including overhead costs) are capitalized. Direct costs that are capitalized as part of self- constructed assets include material, labor, and work equipment. Indirect costs are capitalized if they clearly relate to the construction of the asset. General and administrative expenditures are expensed as incurred. Normal repairs and maintenance are also expensed as incurred, while costs incurred that extend the useful life of an asset, improve the safety of our operations or improve operating efficiency are capitalized. These costs are allocated using appropriate statistical bases. Total expense for repairs and maintenance incurred was $2.3 billion for 2013, $2.1 billion for 2012, and $2.2 billion for 2011. Assets held under capital leases are recorded at the lower of the net present value of the minimum lease payments or the fair value of the leased asset at the inception of the lease. Amortization expense is computed using the straight-line method over the shorter of the estimated useful lives of the assets or the period of the related lease. 12. Accounts Payable and Other Current Liabilities Millions Accounts payable Income and other taxes payable Accrued wages and vacation Dividends payable Accrued casualty costs Interest payable Equipment rents payable Other $ Dec. 31, 2013 803 491 385 356 207 169 96 579 $ Dec. 31, 2012 825 368 376 318 213 172 95 556 Total accounts payable and other current liabilities $ 3,086 $ 2,923 73   13. Financial Instruments Strategy and Risk – We may use derivative financial instruments in limited instances for other than trading purposes to assist in managing our overall exposure to fluctuations in interest rates and fuel prices. We are not a party to leveraged derivatives and, by policy, do not use derivative financial instruments for speculative purposes. Derivative financial instruments qualifying for hedge accounting must maintain a specified level of effectiveness between the hedging instrument and the item being hedged, both at inception and throughout the hedged period. We formally document the nature and relationships between the hedging instruments and hedged items at inception, as well as our risk- management objectives, strategies for undertaking the various hedge transactions, and method of assessing hedge effectiveness. Changes in the fair market value of derivative financial instruments that do not qualify for hedge accounting are charged to earnings. We may use swaps, collars, futures, and/or forward contracts to mitigate the risk of adverse movements in interest rates and fuel prices; however, the use of these derivative financial instruments may limit future benefits from favorable interest rate and fuel price movements. Market and Credit Risk – We address market risk related to derivative financial instruments by selecting instruments with value fluctuations that highly correlate with the underlying hedged item. We manage credit risk related to derivative financial instruments, which is minimal, by requiring high credit standards for counterparties and periodic settlements. At December 31, 2013, and 2012, we were not required to provide collateral, nor had we received collateral, relating to our hedging activities. Interest Rate Fair Value Hedges – We manage our overall exposure to fluctuations in interest rates by adjusting the proportion of fixed and floating rate debt instruments within our debt portfolio over a given period. We generally manage the mix of fixed and floating rate debt through the issuance of targeted amounts of each as debt matures or as we require incremental borrowings. We employ derivatives, primarily swaps, as one of the tools to obtain the targeted mix. In addition, we also obtain flexibility in managing interest costs and the interest rate mix within our debt portfolio by evaluating the issuance of and managing outstanding callable fixed-rate debt securities. Swaps allow us to convert debt from fixed rates to variable rates and thereby hedge the risk of changes in the debt’s fair value attributable to the changes in interest rates. We account for swaps as fair value hedges using the short-cut method; therefore, we do not record any ineffectiveness within our Consolidated Financial Statements. As of December 31, 2013, and 2012, we had no interest rate fair value hedges outstanding. Interest Rate Cash Flow Hedges – We report changes in the fair value of cash flow hedges in accumulated other comprehensive loss until the hedged item affects earnings. At both December 31, 2013, and 2012, we had reductions of $1 million recorded as an accumulated other comprehensive loss that is being amortized on a straight-line basis through September 30, 2014. As of December 31, 2013, and 2012, we had no interest rate cash flow hedges outstanding. Earnings Impact – Our use of derivative financial instruments had no impact on pre-tax income for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012, and 2011. Fair Value of Financial Instruments – The fair value of our short- and long-term debt was estimated using a market value price model, which utilizes applicable U.S. Treasury rates along with current market quotes on comparable debt securities. All of the inputs used to determine the fair market value of the Corporation’s long-term debt are Level 2 inputs and obtained from an independent source. At December 31, 2013, the fair value of total debt was $10.2 billion, approximately $0.6 billion more than the carrying value. At December 31, 2012, the fair value of total debt was $11.1 billion, approximately $2.1 billion more than the carrying value. The fair value of the Corporation’s debt is a measure of its current value under present market conditions. It does not impact the financial statements under current accounting rules. At December 31, 2013, and 2012, approximately $163 million and $203 million, respectively, of debt securities contained call provisions that allow us to retire the debt instruments prior to final maturity, with the payment of fixed call premiums, or in certain cases, at par. The fair value of our cash equivalents approximates their carrying value due to the short-term maturities of these instruments. 74       14. Debt Total debt as of December 31, 2013, and 2012, net of interest rate swaps designated as fair value hedges, is summarized below: Millions Notes and debentures, 2.8% to 7.9% due through 2054 Capitalized leases, 3.1% to 8.4% due through 2028 Floating rate term loans, due through 2016 Equipment obligations, 6.2% to 6.7% due through 2031 Mortgage bonds, 4.8% due through 2030 Medium-term notes, 9.2% to 10.0% due through 2020 Tax-exempt financings, 1.9% to 5.1% due through 2015 Receivables Securitization (Note 10) Unamortized discount Total debt Less: current portion Total long-term debt $ $ 2013 8,068 1,702 200 110 57 32 12 - (604) 9,577 (705) 2012 6,950 1,848 200 119 57 32 56 100 (365) 8,997 (196) $ 8,872 $ 8,801 Debt Maturities – The following table presents aggregate debt maturities as of December 31, 2013, excluding market value adjustments: Millions 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Thereafter Total debt $ 705 448 582 649 562 6,631 $ 9,577 As of December 31, 2013, and December 31, 2012, we have reclassified as long-term debt $0 and $100 million, respectively, of debt due within one year that we intend to refinance. This reclassification reflects our ability and intent to refinance any short-term borrowings and certain current maturities of long-term debt on a long-term basis. Equipment Encumbrances – Equipment with a carrying value of approximately $2.9 billion at both December 31, 2013, and 2012 served as collateral for capital leases and other types of equipment obligations in accordance with the secured financing arrangements utilized to acquire such railroad equipment. As a result of the merger of Missouri Pacific Railroad Company (MPRR) with and into UPRR on January 1, 1997, and pursuant to the underlying indentures for the MPRR mortgage bonds, UPRR must maintain the same value of assets after the merger in order to comply with the security requirements of the mortgage bonds. As of the merger date, the value of the MPRR assets that secured the mortgage bonds was approximately $6.0 billion. In accordance with the terms of the indentures, this collateral value must be maintained during the entire term of the mortgage bonds irrespective of the outstanding balance of such bonds. Credit Facilities – On December 31, 2013, we had $1.8 billion of credit available under our revolving credit facility (the facility), which is designated for general corporate purposes and supports the issuance of commercial paper. We did not draw on the facility during 2013. Commitment fees and interest rates payable under the facility are similar to fees and rates available to comparably rated, investment-grade borrowers. The facility allows for borrowings at floating rates based on London Interbank Offered Rates, plus a spread, depending upon credit ratings for our senior unsecured debt. The facility matures in 2015 under a four year term and requires the Corporation to maintain a debt-to-net-worth coverage ratio as a condition to making a borrowing. At December 31, 2013, and December 31, 2012 (and at all times during the year), we were in compliance with this covenant. 75 The definition of debt used for purposes of calculating the debt-to-net-worth coverage ratio includes, among other things, certain credit arrangements, capital leases, guarantees and unfunded and vested pension benefits under Title IV of ERISA. At December 31, 2013, the debt-to-net-worth coverage ratio allowed us to carry up to $42.4 billion of debt (as defined in the facility), and we had $9.9 billion of debt (as defined in the facility) outstanding at that date. Under our current capital plans, we expect to continue to satisfy the debt-to-net-worth coverage ratio; however, many factors beyond our reasonable control could affect our ability to comply with this provision in the future. The facility does not include any other financial restrictions, credit rating triggers (other than rating-dependent pricing), or any other provision that could require us to post collateral. The facility also includes a $75 million cross-default provision and a change-of-control provision. During 2013, we did not issue or repay any commercial paper, and at December 31, 2013, and 2012, we had no commercial paper outstanding. Our revolving credit facility supports our outstanding commercial paper balances, and, unless we change the terms of our commercial paper program, our aggregate issuance of commercial paper will not exceed the amount of borrowings available under the facility. Dividend Restrictions – Our revolving credit facility includes a debt-to-net worth covenant (discussed in the Credit Facilities section above) that, under certain circumstances, restricts the payment of cash dividends to our shareholders. The amount of retained earnings available for dividends was $16.3 billion and $15.1 billion at December 31, 2013, and 2012, respectively. Shelf Registration Statement and Significant New Borrowings – We filed an automatic shelf registration statement that became effective on February 8, 2013. The Board of Directors authorized the issuance of up to $4 billion of debt securities, replacing the $1.4 billion of authority remaining under our shelf registration filed in February 2010. SEC rules require UPC, a large accelerated filer, to file a new shelf registration statement every three years. Under the current shelf registration, we may issue, from time to time, any combination of debt securities, preferred stock, common stock, or warrants for debt securities or preferred stock in one or more offerings. We have no immediate plans to issue equity securities; however, we will continue to explore opportunities to replace existing debt or access capital through issuances of debt securities under our shelf registration, and, therefore, we may issue additional debt securities at any time. During 2013, we issued the following unsecured, fixed-rate debt securities under our current shelf registration: Date March 15, 2013 October 25, 2013 Description of Securities $325 million of 2.75% Notes due April 15, 2023 $325 million of 4.25% Notes due April 15, 2043 $500 million of 4.75% Notes due December 15, 2043 We used the net proceeds from the offerings for general corporate purposes, including the repurchase of common stock pursuant to our share repurchase program. These debt securities include change-of- control provisions. At December 31, 2013, we had remaining authority to issue up to $2.85 billion of debt securities under our shelf registration. In May 2012, we borrowed $100 million under a 4-year-term bank loan (the loan). The loan has a floating rate based on London Interbank Offered Rates, plus a spread, and is prepayable in whole or in part without a premium prior to maturity. The agreement documenting the loan has provisions similar to our revolving credit facility, including identical debt-to-net-worth covenant and change of control provisions and similar customary default provisions. The agreement does not include any other financial restrictions, credit rating triggers, or any other provision that would require us to post collateral. 76   Subsequent Event – In 2014, we issued the following unsecured, fixed-rate debt securities under our current shelf registration: Date January 10, 2014 Description of Securities $300 million of 2.25% Notes due February 15, 2019 $400 million of 3.75% Notes due March 15, 2024 $300 million of 4.85% Notes due June 15, 2044 Proceeds from this offering are for general corporate purposes, including the repurchase of common stock pursuant to our share repurchase program. These debt securities include change-of-control provisions. As of February 7, 2014, we had remaining authority from our Board of Directors to issue up to $1.85 billion of debt securities under our shelf registration. Debt Exchange – On August 21, 2013, we exchanged $1,170 million of various outstanding notes and debentures due between 2016 and 2040 (Existing Notes) for $439 million of 3.646% notes (New 2024 Notes) due February 15, 2024 and $700 million of 4.821% notes (New 2044 Notes) due February 1, 2044, plus cash consideration of approximately $280 million in addition to $8 million for accrued and unpaid interest on the Existing Notes. In accordance with ASC 470-50-40, Debt-Modifications and Extinguishments-Derecognition, this transaction was accounted for as a debt exchange, as the exchanged debt instruments are not considered to be substantially different. The cash consideration was recorded as an adjustment to the carrying value of debt, and the balance of the unamortized discount and issue costs from the Existing Notes is being amortized as an adjustment of interest expense over the terms of the New 2024 Notes and the New 2044 Notes. No gain or loss was recognized as a result of the exchange. Costs related to the debt exchange that were payable to parties other than the debt holders totaled approximately $9 million and were included in interest expense during the three months ended September 30, 2013. The following table lists the outstanding notes and debentures that were exchanged: Millions The 2024 Offers 7.000% Debentures due 2016 5.650% Notes due 2017 5.750% Notes due 2017 5.700% Notes due 2018 7.875% Notes due 2019 6.125% Notes due 2020 The 2044 Offers 7.125% Debentures due 2028 6.625% Debentures due 2029 6.250% Debentures due 2034 6.150% Debentures due 2037 5.780% Notes due 2040 Total Principal amount exchanged $ 8 38 70 103 20 238 73 177 19 138 286 $ 1,170 Debt Redemptions – On May 14, 2013, we redeemed all $40 million of our outstanding 5.65% Port of Corpus Christi Authority Revenue Refunding Bonds due December 1, 2022. The redemption resulted in an early extinguishment charge of $1 million in the second quarter of 2013. On November 30, 2012, we redeemed all $450 million of our outstanding 5.45% notes due January 31, 2013. The redemption resulted in an early extinguishment charge of $4 million in the fourth quarter of 2012. On April 28, 2012, we redeemed all $100 million of our outstanding 5.70% Tooele County, Utah Hazardous Waste Treatment Revenue Bonds due November 1, 2026. The redemption resulted in an early extinguishment charge of $2 million in the second quarter of 2012. 77   On December 19, 2011, we redeemed the remaining $175 million of our 6.5% notes due April 15, 2012, and all $300 million of our outstanding 6.125% notes due January 15, 2012. The redemptions resulted in an early extinguishment charge of $5 million in the fourth quarter of 2011. Receivables Securitization Facility – As of December 31, 2013 and 2012, we recorded $0 and $100 million, respectively, as secured debt under our receivables securitization facility. (See further discussion of our receivables securitization facility in Note 10). 15. Variable Interest Entities We have entered into various lease transactions in which the structure of the leases contain variable interest entities (VIEs). These VIEs were created solely for the purpose of doing lease transactions (principally involving railroad equipment and facilities, including our headquarters building) and have no other activities, assets or liabilities outside of the lease transactions. Within these lease arrangements, we have the right to purchase some or all of the assets at fixed prices. Depending on market conditions, fixed-price purchase options available in the leases could potentially provide benefits to us; however, these benefits are not expected to be significant. We maintain and operate the assets based on contractual obligations within the lease arrangements, which set specific guidelines consistent within the railroad industry. As such, we have no control over activities that could materially impact the fair value of the leased assets. We do not hold the power to direct the activities of the VIEs and, therefore, do not control the ongoing activities that have a significant impact on the economic performance of the VIEs. Additionally, we do not have the obligation to absorb losses of the VIEs or the right to receive benefits of the VIEs that could potentially be significant to the VIEs. We are not considered to be the primary beneficiary and do not consolidate these VIEs because our actions and decisions do not have the most significant effect on the VIE’s performance and our fixed-price purchase price options are not considered to be potentially significant to the VIEs. The future minimum lease payments associated with the VIE leases totaled $3.3 billion as of December 31, 2013. 16. Leases We lease certain locomotives, freight cars, and other property. The Consolidated Statements of Financial Position as of December 31, 2013 and 2012 included $2,486 million, net of $1,092 million of accumulated depreciation, and $2,467 million, net of $966 million of accumulated depreciation, respectively, for properties held under capital leases. A charge to income resulting from the depreciation for assets held under capital leases is included within depreciation expense in our Consolidated Statements of Income. Future minimum lease payments for operating and capital leases with initial or remaining non-cancelable lease terms in excess of one year as of December 31, 2013, were as follows: Millions 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Later years Total minimum lease payments Amount representing interest Present value of minimum lease payments $ Operating Leases 512 477 438 400 332 1,907 $ Capital Leases 272 260 239 247 225 957 $ 4,066 $ 2,200 N/A N/A (498) $ 1,702 Approximately 94% of capital lease payments relate to locomotives. Rent expense for operating leases with terms exceeding one month was $618 million in 2013, $631 million in 2012, and $637 million in 2011. When cash rental payments are not made on a straight-line basis, we recognize variable rental expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Contingent rentals and sub-rentals are not significant. 78         17. Commitments and Contingencies Asserted and Unasserted Claims – Various claims and lawsuits are pending against us and certain of our subsidiaries. We cannot fully determine the effect of all asserted and unasserted claims on our consolidated results of operations, financial condition, or liquidity; however, to the extent possible, where asserted and unasserted claims are considered probable and where such claims can be reasonably estimated, we have recorded a liability. We do not expect that any known lawsuits, claims, environmental costs, commitments, contingent liabilities, or guarantees will have a material adverse effect on our consolidated results of operations, financial condition, or liquidity after taking into account liabilities and insurance recoveries previously recorded for these matters. Personal Injury – The cost of personal injuries to employees and others related to our activities is charged to expense based on estimates of the ultimate cost and number of incidents each year. We use an actuarial analysis to measure the expense and liability, including unasserted claims. The Federal Employers’ Liability Act (FELA) governs compensation for work-related accidents. Under FELA, damages are assessed based on a finding of fault through litigation or out-of-court settlements. We offer a comprehensive variety of services and rehabilitation programs for employees who are injured at work. Our personal injury liability is not discounted to present value due to the uncertainty surrounding the timing of future payments. Approximately 92% of the recorded liability is related to asserted claims and approximately 8% is related to unasserted claims at December 31, 2013. Because of the uncertainty surrounding the ultimate outcome of personal injury claims, it is reasonably possible that future costs to settle these claims may range from approximately $294 million to $322 million. We record an accrual at the low end of the range as no amount of loss within the range is more probable than any other. Estimates can vary over time due to evolving trends in litigation. Our personal injury liability activity was as follows: Millions Beginning balance Current year accruals Changes in estimates for prior years Payments Ending balance at December 31 Current portion, ending balance at December 31 2013 334 87 (38) (89) 294 82 $ $ $ 2012 368 121 (58) (97) 334 95 $ $ $ 2011 426 118 (71) (105) 368 103 $ $ $ Asbestos – We are a defendant in a number of lawsuits in which current and former employees and other parties allege exposure to asbestos. We assess our potential liability using a statistical analysis of resolution costs for asbestos-related claims. This liability is updated annually and excludes future defense and processing costs. The liability for resolving both asserted and unasserted claims was based on the following assumptions:  The ratio of future claims by alleged disease would be consistent with historical averages adjusted for inflation.  The number of claims filed against us will decline each year.  The average settlement values for asserted and unasserted claims will be equivalent to historical averages.  The percentage of claims dismissed in the future will be equivalent to historical averages. Our liability for asbestos-related claims is not discounted to present value due to the uncertainty surrounding the timing of future payments. Approximately 18% of the recorded liability related to asserted claims and approximately 82% related to unasserted claims at December 31, 2013. Because of the uncertainty surrounding the ultimate outcome of asbestos-related claims, it is reasonably possible that future costs to settle these claims may range from approximately $131 million to $141 million. We record an accrual at the low end of the range as no amount of loss within the range is more probable than any other. 79   Our asbestos-related liability activity was as follows: Millions Beginning balance Accruals/(Credits) Payments Ending balance at December 31 Current portion, ending balance at December 31 2013 139 2 (10) 131 9 $ $ $ 2012 147 (2) (6) 139 8 $ $ $ 2011 162 (5) (10) 147 8 $ $ $ In conjunction with the liability update performed in 2013, we also reassessed estimated insurance recoveries. We have recognized an asset for estimated insurance recoveries at December 31, 2013, and 2012. The amounts recorded for asbestos-related liabilities and related insurance recoveries were based on currently known facts. However, future events, such as the number of new claims filed each year, average settlement costs, and insurance coverage issues, could cause the actual costs and insurance recoveries to be higher or lower than the projected amounts. Estimates also may vary in the future if strategies, activities, and outcomes of asbestos litigation materially change; federal and state laws governing asbestos litigation increase or decrease the probability or amount of compensation of claimants; and there are material changes with respect to payments made to claimants by other defendants. Environmental Costs – We are subject to federal, state, and local environmental laws and regulations. We have identified 268 sites at which we are or may be liable for remediation costs associated with alleged contamination or for violations of environmental requirements. This includes 33 sites that are the subject of actions taken by the U.S. government, 17 of which are currently on the Superfund National Priorities List. Certain federal legislation imposes joint and several liability for the remediation of identified sites; consequently, our ultimate environmental liability may include costs relating to activities of other parties, in addition to costs relating to our own activities at each site. When we identify an environmental issue with respect to property owned, leased, or otherwise used in our business, we perform, with assistance of our consultants, environmental assessments on the property. We expense the cost of the assessments as incurred. We accrue the cost of remediation where our obligation is probable and such costs can be reasonably estimated. We do not discount our environmental liabilities when the timing of the anticipated cash payments is not fixed or readily determinable. At December 31, 2013, and 2012, none of our environmental liability was discounted, while less than 1% of our environmental liability was discounted at 2.0% at December 31, 2011. Our environmental liability activity was as follows: Millions Beginning balance Accruals Payments Ending balance at December 31 Current portion, ending balance at December 31 [a] Payments include $25 million to resolve the Omaha Lead Site liability. 2013 170 58 (57) 171 53 $ $ $ 2012 172 48 (50) 170 50 $ $ $ 2011 [a] 213 $ 29 (70) $ $ 172 50 The environmental liability includes future costs for remediation and restoration of sites, as well as ongoing monitoring costs, but excludes any anticipated recoveries from third parties. Cost estimates are based on information available for each site, financial viability of other potentially responsible parties, and existing technology, laws, and regulations. The ultimate liability for remediation is difficult to determine because of the number of potentially responsible parties, site-specific cost sharing arrangements with other potentially responsible parties, the degree of contamination by various wastes, the scarcity and quality of volumetric data related to many of the sites, and the speculative nature of remediation costs. Estimates of liability may vary over time due to changes in federal, state, and local laws governing environmental remediation. Current obligations are not expected to have a material adverse effect on our consolidated results of operations, financial condition, or liquidity. 80 Insurance – The Company has a consolidated, wholly-owned captive insurance subsidiary (the captive), that provides insurance coverage for certain risks including FELA claims and property coverage which are subject to reinsurance. The captive entered into annual reinsurance treaty agreements that insure workers compensation, general liability, auto liability and FELA risk. The captive cedes a portion of its FELA exposure through the treaty and assumes a proportionate share of the entire risk. The captive receives direct premiums, which are netted against the Company’s premium costs in other expenses in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income. The treaty agreements provide for certain protections against the risk of treaty participants’ non-performance, and we do not believe our exposure to treaty participants’ non-performance is material at this time. In the event the Company leaves the reinsurance program, the Company is not relieved of its primary obligation to the policyholders for activity prior to the termination of the treaty agreements. We record both liabilities and reinsurance receivables using an actuarial analysis based on historical experience in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Position. Guarantees – At December 31, 2013, and 2012, we were contingently liable for $299 million and $307 million in guarantees. We have recorded a liability of $1 million and $2 million for the fair value of these obligations as of December 31, 2013, and 2012, respectively. We entered into these contingent guarantees in the normal course of business, and they include guaranteed obligations related to our headquarters building, equipment financings, and affiliated operations. The final guarantee expires in 2022. We are not aware of any existing event of default that would require us to satisfy these guarantees. We do not expect that these guarantees will have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial condition, results of operations, or liquidity. Indemnities – Our maximum potential exposure under indemnification arrangements, including certain tax indemnifications, can range from a specified dollar amount to an unlimited amount, depending on the nature of the transactions and the agreements. Due to uncertainty as to whether claims will be made or how they will be resolved, we cannot reasonably determine the probability of an adverse claim or reasonably estimate any adverse liability or the total maximum exposure under these indemnification arrangements. We do not have any reason to believe that we will be required to make any material payments under these indemnity provisions. Gain Contingency – UPRR and Santa Fe Pacific Pipelines (SFPP, a subsidiary of Kinder Morgan Energy Partners, L.P.) currently are engaged in a proceeding to resolve the fair market rent payable to UPRR under a 10-year agreement commencing on January 1, 2004, for pipeline easements on UPRR rights-of-way (Union Pacific Railroad Company vs. Santa Fe Pacific Pipelines, Inc., SFPP, L.P., Kinder Morgan Operating L.P. “D” Kinder Morgan G.P., Inc., et al., Superior Court of the State of California for the County of Los Angeles, filed July 28, 2004). In February 2007, a trial began to resolve this issue, and, on September 28, 2011, the judge issued a tentative Statement of Decision, which concluded that SFPP owes back rent to UPRR for the years 2004 through 2011. On May 29, 2012, the court entered judgment, awarding UPRR back rent and prejudgment interest. SFPP is appealing the final judgment. A favorable final judgment may materially affect our results of operations in the period of any monetary recoveries; however, due to the uncertainty regarding the amount and timing of any recovery, including the outcome of SFPP’s appeal of this judgment or any subsequent proceeding, we consider this a gain contingency and do not reflect any amounts in the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements as of December 31, 2013. 81   18. Share Repurchase Program Effective April 1, 2011, our Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of 40 million shares of our common stock by March 31, 2014, replacing our previous repurchase program. As of December 31, 2013, we repurchased a total of $9.3 billion of our common stock since the commencement of our repurchase programs. The table below represents shares repurchased under this repurchase program. First quarter Second quarter Third quarter Fourth quarter Total Number of Shares Purchased 2012 3,917,369 3,770,528 3,098,812 2,033,750 2013 2,881,400 3,061,470 3,666,894 4,929,055 $ $ Average Price Paid 2012 110.64 110.02 122.13 121.81 2013 136.58 151.42 156.77 159.36 14,538,819 12,820,459 $ 152.52 $ 115.01 On November 21, 2013, our Board of Directors approved the early renewal of the share repurchase program, authorizing the repurchase of up to 60 million shares of common stock by December 31, 2017. The new authorization was effective January 1, 2014, and replaces the previous authorization, which expired on December 31, 2013, three months earlier than its original expiration date. Management's assessments of market conditions and other pertinent facts guide the timing and volume of all repurchases. We expect to fund any share repurchases under this program through cash generated from operations, the sale or lease of various operating and non-operating properties, debt issuances, and cash on hand. Repurchased shares are recorded in treasury stock at cost, which includes any applicable commissions and fees. 19. Selected Quarterly Data (Unaudited) Millions, Except Per Share Amounts 2013 Operating revenues Operating income Net income Net income per share: Basic Diluted Millions, Except Per Share Amounts 2012 Operating revenues Operating income Net income Net income per share: Basic Diluted Mar. 31 Jun. 30 Sep. 30 Dec. 31 $ 5,290 1,633 957 $ 5,470 1,878 1,106 $ 5,573 1,962 1,151 $ 5,630 1,973 1,174 2.05 2.03 2.38 2.37 2.49 2.48 2.56 2.55 Mar. 31 Jun. 30 Sep. 30 Dec. 31 $ 5,112 1,510 863 $ 5,221 1,724 1,002 $ 5,343 1,786 1,042 $ 5,250 1,725 1,036 1.81 1.79 2.11 2.10 2.21 2.19 2.21 2.19 Per share net income for the four quarters combined may not equal the per share net income for the year due to rounding. 82       Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure None. Item 9A. Controls and Procedures As of the end of the period covered by this report, the Corporation carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of the Corporation’s management, including the Corporation’s Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and Executive Vice President – Finance and Chief Financial Officer (CFO), of the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Corporation’s disclosure controls and procedures pursuant to Exchange Act Rules 13a-15 and 15d-15. In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, management recognized that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives. Based upon that evaluation, the CEO and the CFO concluded that, as of the end of the period covered by this report, the Corporation’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed in our Exchange Act reports is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified by the SEC, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to management, including the CEO and CFO, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Additionally, the CEO and CFO determined that there were no changes to the Corporation’s internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) during the last fiscal quarter that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Corporation’s internal control over financial reporting. 83 MANAGEMENT’S ANNUAL REPORT ON INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING The management of Union Pacific Corporation and Subsidiary Companies (the Corporation) is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)). The Corporation’s internal control system was designed to provide reasonable assurance to the Corporation’s management and Board of Directors regarding the preparation and fair presentation of published financial statements. All internal control systems, no matter how well designed, have inherent limitations. Therefore, even those systems determined to be effective can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement preparation and presentation. The Corporation’s management assessed the effectiveness of the Corporation’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2013. In making this assessment, it used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (1992). Based on our assessment, management believes that, as of December 31, 2013, the Corporation’s internal control over financial reporting is effective based on those criteria. The Corporation’s independent registered public accounting firm has issued an attestation report on the effectiveness of the Corporation’s internal control over financial reporting. This report appears on the next page. February 6, 2014 84 REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of Union Pacific Corporation: We have audited the internal control over financial reporting of Union Pacific Corporation and Subsidiary Companies (the Corporation) as of December 31, 2013, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (1992) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. The Corporation's management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Corporation's internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion. A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed by, or under the supervision of, the company’s principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, and effected by the company’s board of directors, management, and other personnel to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements. Because of the inherent limitations of internal control over financial reporting, including the possibility of collusion or improper management override of controls, material misstatements due to error or fraud may not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. Also, projections of any evaluation of the effectiveness of the internal control over financial reporting to future periods are subject to the risk that the controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. In our opinion, the Corporation maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2013, based on the criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (1992) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the consolidated financial statements and financial statement schedule as of and for the year ended December 31, 2013 of the Corporation and our report dated February 7, 2014 expressed an unqualified opinion on those financial statements and financial statement schedule. Omaha, Nebraska February 7, 2014 85 Item 9B. Other Information None. Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers, and Corporate Governance (a) Directors of Registrant. PART III Information as to the names, ages, positions and offices with UPC, terms of office, periods of service, business experience during the past five years and certain other directorships held by each director or person nominated to become a director of UPC is set forth in the Election of Directors segment of the Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference. Information concerning our Audit Committee and the independence of its members, along with information about the audit committee financial expert(s) serving on the Audit Committee, is set forth in the Audit Committee segment of the Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference. (b) Executive Officers of Registrant. Information concerning the executive officers of UPC and its subsidiaries is presented in Part I of this report under Executive Officers of the Registrant and Principal Executive Officers of Subsidiaries. (c) Section 16(a) Compliance. Information concerning compliance with Section 16(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is set forth in the Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance segment of the Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference. (d) Code of Ethics for Chief Executive Officer and Senior Financial Officers of Registrant. The Board of Directors of UPC has adopted the UPC Code of Ethics for the Chief Executive Officer and Senior Financial Officers (the Code). A copy of the Code may be found on the Internet at our website www.up.com/investors/governance. We intend to disclose any amendments to the Code or any waiver from a provision of the Code on our website. Item 11. Executive Compensation Information concerning compensation received by our directors and our named executive officers is presented in the Compensation Discussion and Analysis, Summary Compensation Table, Grants of Plan- Based Awards in Fiscal Year 2013, Outstanding Equity Awards at 2013 Fiscal Year-End, Option Exercises and Stock Vested in Fiscal Year 2013, Pension Benefits at 2013 Fiscal Year-End, Nonqualified Deferred Compensation at 2013 Fiscal Year-End, Potential Payments Upon Termination or Change in Control and Director Compensation in Fiscal Year 2013 segments of the Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference. Additional information regarding compensation of directors, including Board committee members, is set forth in the By-Laws of UPC and the Stock Unit Grant and Deferred Compensation Plan for the Board of Directors, both of which are included as exhibits to this report. Information regarding the Compensation and Benefits Committee is set forth in the Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation and Compensation Committee Report segments of the Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference. 86 Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters Information as to the number of shares of our equity securities beneficially owned by each of our directors and nominees for director, our named executive officers, our directors and executive officers as a group, and certain beneficial owners is set forth in the Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management segment of the Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference. The following table summarizes the equity compensation plans under which UPC common stock may be issued as of December 31, 2013: Column (a) Column (b) Column (c) Number of securities to be issued upon exercise of outstanding options, warrants and rights Weighted-average exercise price of outstanding options, warrants and rights Number of securities remaining available for future issuance under equity compensation plans (excluding securities reflected in column (a)) 5,102,375 [1] 5,102,375 $ $ 62.46 [2] 39,787,448 62.46 39,787,448 Plan Category Equity compensation plans approved by security holders Total [1] Includes 1,380,778 retention units that do not have an exercise price. Does not include 1,444,456 retention shares that have been issued and are outstanding. [2] Does not include the retention units or retention shares described above in footnote 1. Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions and Director Independence Information on related transactions is set forth in the Certain Relationships and Related Transactions and Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation segments of the Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference. We do not have any relationship with any outside third party that would enable such a party to negotiate terms of a material transaction that may not be available to, or available from, other parties on an arm’s-length basis. Information regarding the independence of our directors is set forth in the Director Independence segment of the Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference. Item 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services Information concerning the fees billed by our independent registered public accounting firm and the nature of services comprising the fees for each of the two most recent fiscal years in each of the following categories: (i) audit fees, (ii) audit-related fees, (iii) tax fees, and (iv) all other fees, is set forth in the Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm’s Fees and Services segment of the Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference. Information concerning our Audit Committee’s policies and procedures pertaining to pre-approval of audit and non-audit services rendered by our independent registered public accounting firm is set forth in the Audit Committee segment of the Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference. 87   PART IV Item 15. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules (a) Financial Statements, Financial Statement Schedules, and Exhibits: (1) Financial Statements The financial statements filed as part of this filing are listed on the index to the Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, Item 8, on page 48. (2) Financial Statement Schedules Schedule II - Valuation and Qualifying Accounts Schedules not listed above have been omitted because they are not applicable or not required or the information required to be set forth therein is included in the Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, Item 8, or notes thereto. (3) Exhibits Exhibits are listed in the exhibit index beginning on page 91. The exhibits include management contracts, compensatory plans and arrangements required to be filed as exhibits to the Form 10-K by Item 601 (10) (iii) of Regulation S-K. 88 SIGNATURES Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, on this 7th day of February, 2014. UNION PACIFIC CORPORATION By /s/ John J. Koraleski John J. Koraleski, President and Chief Executive Officer Union Pacific Corporation Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below, on this 7th day of February, 2014, by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities indicated. PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICER AND DIRECTOR: /s/ John J. Koraleski John J. Koraleski, President and Chief Executive Officer Union Pacific Corporation /s/ Robert M. Knight, Jr. Robert M. Knight, Jr., Executive Vice President - Finance and Chief Financial Officer /s/ Jeffrey P. Totusek Jeffrey P. Totusek, Vice President and Controller Michael R. McCarthy* Michael W. McConnell* Thomas F. McLarty III* Steven R. Rogel* Jose H. Villarreal* James R. Young* PRINCIPAL FINANCIAL OFFICER: PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING OFFICER: DIRECTORS: Andrew H. Card, Jr.* Erroll B. Davis, Jr.* Thomas J. Donohue* Archie W. Dunham* Judith Richards Hope* Charles C. Krulak* * By /s/ James J. Theisen, Jr. James J. Theisen, Jr., Attorney-in-fact 89 SCHEDULE II – VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS Union Pacific Corporation and Subsidiary Companies Millions, for the Years Ended December 31, Allowance for doubtful accounts: Balance, beginning of period Charges/(reduction) to expense Net recoveries/(write-offs) Balance, end of period Allowance for doubtful accounts are presented in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position as follows: Current Long-term Balance, end of period Accrued casualty costs: Balance, beginning of period Charges to expense Cash payments and other reductions Balance, end of period Accrued casualty costs are presented in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position as follows: Current Long-term Balance, end of period 2013 2012 2011 $ 37 (4) (10) $ 50 (1) (12) 23 $ 37 $ $ $ $ 1 22 23 734 188 (220) $ $ $ 4 33 37 778 190 (234) 56 - (6) 50 9 41 50 905 110 (237) 702 $ 734 $ 778 207 495 702 $ $ 213 521 734 $ $ 249 529 778 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 90 UNION PACIFIC CORPORATION Exhibit Index Exhibit No. Description Filed with this Statement 10(a) 10(b) 10(c) 10(d) 10(e) 12 21 23 24 31(a) 31(b) 32 101 Form of Performance Stock Unit Agreement dated February 6, 2014. Form of Stock Unit Agreement for Executives dated February 6, 2014. Form of Non-Qualified Stock Option Agreement for Executives dated February 6, 2014. Union Pacific Corporation Key Employee Continuity Plan, as amended February 6, 2014. Deferred Compensation Plan (409A Non-Grandfathered Component) of Union Pacific Corporation, as amended December 16, 2013. Ratio of Earnings to Fixed Charges. List of the Corporation’s significant subsidiaries and their respective states of incorporation. Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm’s Consent. Powers of attorney executed by the directors of UPC. Certifications Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a), of the Exchange Act, as Adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 – John J. Koraleski. Certifications Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a), of the Exchange Act, as Adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 - Robert M. Knight, Jr. Certifications Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 – John J. Koraleski and Robert M. Knight, Jr. eXtensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL) documents submitted electronically: 101.INS (XBRL Instance Document), 101.SCH (XBRL Taxonomy (XBRL Calculation Linkbase Extension Schema Document), 101.CAL Document), 101.LAB (XBRL Taxonomy Label Linkbase Document), 101.DEF (XBRL Taxonomy Definition Linkbase Document) and 101.PRE (XBRL Taxonomy Presentation Linkbase Document). The following financial and related information from Union Pacific Corporation’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2013 (filed with the SEC on February 7, 2014), is formatted in XBRL and submitted electronically herewith: (i) Consolidated Statements of Income for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, (ii) Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012, and 2011, (iii) Consolidated Statements of Financial Position at December 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012, (iv) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, (v) Consolidated Statements of Changes in Common Shareholders’ Equity for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, and (vi) the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements. 91 Incorporated by Reference 3(a) 3(b) 4(a) 4(b) 4(c) 4(d) 4(e) 4(f) 4(g) 4(h) 10(f) 10(g) 10(h) Restated Articles of Incorporation of UPC, as amended and restated through June 27, 2011, are incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3(a) to the Corporation’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2011. By-Laws of UPC, as amended, effective May 14, 2009, are incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Corporation’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated May 15, 2009. Indenture, dated as of December 20, 1996, between UPC and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as successor to Citibank, N.A., as Trustee, is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to UPC’s Registration Statement on Form S-3 (No. 333-18345). Indenture, dated as of April 1, 1999, between UPC and The Bank of New York, as successor to JP Morgan Chase Bank, formerly The Chase Manhattan Bank, as Trustee, is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to UPC’s Registration Statement on Form S-3 (No. 333-75989). Form of 2.250% Notes due 2019 is incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Corporation’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated January 10, 2014. Form of 3.750% Note due 2024 is incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the Corporation’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated January 10, 2014. Form of 4.850% due 2044 is incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 to the Corporation’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated January 10, 2014. Form of 4.750% Note due 2043 is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Corporation’s Current report on Form 8-K dated October 28, 2013. Form of 2.750% Note due 2023 is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Corporation’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated March 15, 2013. Form of 4.250% Note due 2043 is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the Corporation’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated March 15, 2013. Certain instruments evidencing long-term indebtedness of UPC are not filed as exhibits because the total amount of securities authorized under any single such instrument does not exceed 10% of the Corporation’s total consolidated assets. UPC agrees to furnish the Commission with a copy of any such instrument upon request by the Commission. Supplemental Thrift Plan (409A Non-Grandfathered Component) of Union Pacific Corporation, as amended March 1, 2013, is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10(c) to the Corporation’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2013. Supplemental Thrift Plan (409A Grandfathered Component) of Union Pacific Corporation, as amended March 1, 2013, is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10(d) to the Corporation’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2013. Supplemental Pension Plan for Officers and Managers (409A Non-Grandfathered Component) of Union Pacific Corporation and Affiliates, as amended February 1, 2013, and March 1, 2013, is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10(e) to the Corporation’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2013. 92 10(i) 10(j) 10(k) 10(l) 10(m) 10(n) 10(o) 10(p) 10(q) 10(r) 10(s) Supplemental Pension Plan for Officers and Managers (409A Grandfathered Component) of Union Pacific Corporation and Affiliates, as amended February 1, 2013, and March 1, 2013 is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10(f) to the Corporation’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2013. Union Pacific Corporation Executive Incentive Plan, effective May 5, 2005, amended and restated effective January 1, 2009, is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10(g) to the Corporation’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2008. Deferred Compensation Plan (409A Grandfathered Component) of Union Pacific Corporation, as amended March 1, 2013, is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10(b) to the Corporation’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2013. Union Pacific Corporation 2000 Directors Plan, effective as of April 21, 2000, as amended November 16, 2006, January 30, 2007 and January 1, 2009 is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10(j) to the Corporation’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2008. Union Pacific Corporation Stock Unit Grant and Deferred Compensation Plan for the Board of Directors (409A Non-Grandfathered Component), effective as of January 1, 2009 is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10(k) to the Corporation’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2008. Union Pacific Corporation Stock Unit Grant and Deferred Compensation Plan for the Board of Directors (409A Grandfathered Component), as amended and restated in its entirety, effective as of January 1, 2009 is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10(l) to the Corporation’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2008. Union Pacific Corporation 2013 Stock Incentive Plan, effective May 16, 2013, is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.3 to the Corporation’s Form S-8 dated May 17, 2013. UPC 2004 Stock Incentive Plan amended March 1, 2013,, is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10(g) to the Corporation’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2013. UPC 2001 Stock Incentive Plan, as amended March 1, 2013, is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10(h) to the Corporation’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2013. Amended and Restated Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of July 12, 1996, among UPC, UP Holding Company, Inc., Union Pacific Merger Co. and Southern Pacific Rail Corporation (SP) is incorporated herein by reference to Annex J to the Joint Proxy Statement/Prospectus included in Post-Effective Amendment No. 2 to UPC’s Registration Statement on Form S-4 (No. 33-64707). Agreement, dated September 25, 1995, among UPC, UPRR, Missouri Pacific Railroad Company (MPRR), SP, Southern Pacific Transportation Company (SPT), The Denver & Rio Grande Western Railroad Company (D&RGW), St. Louis Southwestern Railway Company (SLSRC) and SPCSL Corp. (SPCSL), on the one hand, and Burlington Northern Railroad Company (BN) and The Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway Company (Santa Fe), on the other hand, is incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.11 to UPC’s Registration Statement on Form S-4 (No. 33-64707). 93 10(t) 10(u) 10(v) 10(w) 10(x) 10(y) 10(z) 10(aa) 10(bb) 10(cc) Supplemental Agreement, dated November 18, 1995, between UPC, UPRR, MPRR, SP, SPT, D&RGW, SLSRC and SPCSL, on the one hand, and BN and Santa Fe, on the other hand, is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.12 to UPC’s Registration Statement on Form S-4 (No. 33-64707). The Pension Plan for Non-Employee Directors of UPC, as amended January 25, 1996, is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10(w) to the Corporation’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 1995. Charitable Contribution Plan for Non-Employee Directors of Union Pacific Corporation is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10(z) to the Corporation’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 1995. Form of Non-Qualified Stock Option Agreement for Executives is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10(c) to the Corporation’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2012. Form of Stock Unit Agreement for Executives is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10(b) to the Corporation’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2012. Form of 2011 Long Term Plan Stock Unit Agreement is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10(a) to the Corporation’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2010. Form of 2012 Long Term Plan Stock Unit Agreement is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10(a) to the Corporation’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2011. Form of 2013 Long Term Plan Stock Unit Agreement is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10(a) to the Corporation’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2012. Form of Non-Qualified Stock Option Agreement for Directors is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10(d) to the Corporation’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2004. Executive Incentive Plan (2005) – Deferred Compensation Program, dated December 21, 2005 is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10(g) to the Corporation’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2005. 94 Exhibit 12 RATIO OF EARNINGS TO FIXED CHARGES Union Pacific Corporation and Subsidiary Companies Millions, Except for Ratios Fixed charges: Interest expense including amortization of debt discount Portion of rentals representing an interest factor Total fixed charges Earnings available for fixed charges: Net income Equity earnings net of distributions Income taxes Fixed charges 2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 $ $ 526 121 647 $ $ 535 132 667 $ $ 572 135 707 $ $ 602 136 738 $ $ 600 155 755 $ 4,388 $ 3,943 $ 3,292 $ 2,780 (57) 2,660 647 (55) 2,375 667 (38) 1,972 707 (44) 1,653 738 $ 1,890 (42) 1,084 755 Earnings available for fixed charges $ 7,638 $ 6,930 $ 5,933 $ 5,127 $ 3,687 Ratio of earnings to fixed charges 11.8 10.4 8.4 6.9 4.9 95 SIGNIFICANT SUBSIDIARIES OF UNION PACIFIC CORPORATION Name of Corporation State of Incorporation Union Pacific Railroad Company ...................................................................... Southern Pacific Rail Corporation ..................................................................... Delaware Utah Exhibit 21 96 Exhibit 23 CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM We consent to the incorporation by reference in Post-Effective Amendment No. 1 to Registration Statement No. 33-12513, Registration Statement No. 33-53968, Registration Statement No. 33-49785, Registration Statement No. 33-49849, Registration Statement No. 333-10797, Registration Statement No. 333-13115, Registration Statement No. 333-88709, Registration Statement No. 333-61856, Registration Statement No. 333-42768, Registration Statement No. 333-106707, Registration Statement No. 333- 106708, Registration Statement No. 333-105714, Registration Statement No. 333-105715, Registration Statement No. 333-116003, Registration Statement No. 333-132324, Registration Statement No. 333- 155708, Registration Statement No. 333-170209, Registration Statement No. 333-170208, and Registration No. 333-188761 on Form S-8 and Registration Statement No. 333-164842 and Registration No. 333-186548 on Form S-3 of our reports dated February 7, 2014, relating to the consolidated financial statements and financial statement schedule of Union Pacific Corporation and Subsidiary Companies (the Corporation) and the effectiveness of the Corporation's internal control over financial reporting, appearing in this Annual Report on Form 10-K of Union Pacific Corporation and Subsidiary Companies for the year ended December 31, 2013. Omaha, Nebraska February 7, 2014 97 Exhibit 24 UNION PACIFIC CORPORATION Powers of Attorney Each of the undersigned directors of Union Pacific Corporation, a Utah corporation (the Company), do hereby appoint each of John J. Koraleski, Diane K. Duren, and James J. Theisen, Jr. his or her true and lawful attorney-in-fact and agent, to sign on his or her behalf the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10- K, for the year ended December 31, 2013, and any and all amendments thereto, and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto, with the Securities and Exchange Commission. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned have executed this Power of Attorney as of February 6, 2014. /s/ Andrew H. Card, Jr. Andrew H. Card, Jr. /s/ Erroll B. Davis, Jr. Erroll B. Davis, Jr. /s/ Thomas J. Donohue Thomas J. Donohue /s/ Archie W. Dunham Archie W. Dunham /s/ Judith Richards Hope Judith Richards Hope /s/ Charles C. Krulak Charles C. Krulak /s/ Michael R. McCarthy Michael R. McCarthy /s/ Michael W. McConnell Michael W. McConnell /s/ Thomas F. McLarty III Thomas F. McLarty III /s/ Steven R. Rogel Steven R. Rogel /s/ Jose H. Villarreal Jose H. Villarreal /s/ James R. Young James R. Young 98 Exhibit 31(a) CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICER I, John J. Koraleski, certify that: 1. I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of Union Pacific Corporation; 2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report; 3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; 4. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have: (a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; (b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; (c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and (d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and 5. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): (a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and (b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting. Date: February 7, 2014 /s/ John J. Koraleski John J. Koraleski President and Chief Executive Officer 99 Exhibit 31(b) CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL FINANCIAL OFFICER I, Robert M. Knight, Jr., certify that: 1. I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of Union Pacific Corporation; 2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report; 3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; 4. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have: (a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; (b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; (c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and (d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and 5. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): (a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and (b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting. Date: February 7, 2014 /s/ Robert M. Knight, Jr. Robert M. Knight, Jr. Executive Vice President – Finance and Chief Financial Officer 100 CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002 Exhibit 32 In connection with the accompanying Annual Report of Union Pacific Corporation (the Corporation) on Form 10-K for the period ending December 31, 2013, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the Report), I, John J. Koraleski, President and Chief Executive Officer of the Corporation, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, to the best of my knowledge, that: (1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and (2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Corporation. By: /s/ John J. Koraleski John J. Koraleski President and Chief Executive Officer Union Pacific Corporation February 7, 2014 A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906 has been provided to the Corporation and will be retained by the Corporation and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request. CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002 In connection with the accompanying Annual Report of Union Pacific Corporation (the Corporation) on Form 10-K for the period ending December 31, 2013, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the Report), I, Robert M. Knight, Jr., Executive Vice President - Finance and Chief Financial Officer of the Corporation, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, to the best of my knowledge, that: (1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and (2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Corporation. By: /s/ Robert M. Knight, Jr. Robert M. Knight, Jr. Executive Vice President - Finance and Chief Financial Officer Union Pacific Corporation February 7, 2014 A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906 has been provided to the Corporation and will be retained by the Corporation and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request. 101 

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