Quarterlytics / Financial Services / Insurance - Life / UTG, Inc.

UTG, Inc.

utgn · OTC Financial Services
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Ticker utgn
Exchange OTC
Sector Financial Services
Industry Insurance - Life
Employees 40
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FY2018 Annual Report · UTG, Inc.
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2018 Annual Report 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
April 8, 2019  

Dear Shareholder, 

During the past 15 years we have used a strategy of steady plodding, keeping expenses low 
and looking for  investment opportunities that we  believe have low  downside and a good 
chance of providing good returns. We have truly been blessed with great partners who have 
expertise in certain industries that have given us the opportunity to invest right beside them 
and for that we are grateful.  

As a result of our strategy, your Company has a strong balance sheet that has no debt and 
another  year  of  solid  earnings.  We  continue  to  keep  our  powder  dry  with  cash  to  take 
advantage  of  opportunities  after  we  have  spent  time  carefully  analyzing  each  and  every 
opportunity. Our biggest threat remains the low interest rate environment. The longer the 
rates stay low or go lower the more pressure it puts on the Company to find investments that 
provide suitable return.  

Your interest as a shareholder is aligned with our executive team and board as all of us own 
stock in UTG. We have not and do not plan to pay dividends unless we are not able to find 
investments that meet our objectives.  

The stock buyback plan continues to be in place for those who may want to sell. If you have 
questions or a desire to sell, please feel free to give our office a call.  

We consider it an honor to serve you.  

Sincerely, 

Jesse T. Correll 
Chairman 

1 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
The UTG Family is committed to making a positive difference in the lives of those we touch by: 

Mission Statement 

  Believing in ourselves and each other. 

  Providing quality, one-on-one customer service and valuing our relationships. 

  Ensuring profitability through administrative efficiency. 

  Giving of ourselves to the community and sharing the rewards of our endeavors. 

MOTTO: 

WE CARE 

Corporate Values 

1   We give our best in all we do. 
2   We strive to be problem solvers. 
3   We believe in a positive and festive work environment. 
4   We practice appropriate communication etiquette. 
5   We value everyone by treating them with dignity, honesty and respect. 
6   We always accomplish more as a team. 
7   We consider ourselves as hosts to our guests. 
8   We promote a humble, servant’s attitude with others. 
9   We strive to be good stewards of our time and resources. 

10   We deliver more than is expected. 
11   We give credit where credit is due. 
12   We foster new ideas and learn from those that fail. 
13   We maintain a balance in life by making time for faith, family and friendships. 
14   We seek to learn from our mistakes. 
15   We welcome and embrace change. 

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Business Overview 

UTG, Inc. (the "Registrant", “Company” or “UTG”) is an insurance holding company incorporated in 
the  state  of  Delaware  in  2005.  Its  primary  direct  subsidiary  is  Universal  Guaranty  Life  Insurance 
Company  (“UG”).  The  Registrant  and  its  primary  subsidiary  have  only  one  significant  segment, 
insurance.    The  Company’s  dominant  business  is  individual  life  insurance,  which  includes  the 
servicing of existing insurance business in-force, the acquisition of other companies in the insurance 
business, and the administration processing of life insurance business for other entities. 

The holding company has no significant business operations of its own and relies on fees, dividends 
and other distributions from its operating subsidiary as the principal source of cash flows to meet its 
obligations.  Additional information regarding the cash flow and liquidity needs of the holding company 
can be found in the Liquidity and Capital Resources section of the Management’s Discussion and 
Analysis of Financial Conditions and Results of Operations.   

UG has several  wholly-owned  and majority-owned subsidiaries.  The subsidiaries  were formed to 
hold certain real estate and other investments.  The investments were placed into the limited liability 
companies and partnerships to provide additional protection to the policyholders and to UG. 

Increased global IT security threats and more sophisticated and targeted computer crime pose a risk 
to  the  security  of  systems  and  networks  and  the  confidentiality,  availability  and  integrity  of  data.  
Although  the  Company  makes  efforts  to  maintain  the  security  and  integrity  of  the  networks  and 
systems, there can be no assurance that the security efforts will be effective or that attempted security 
breaches  or  disruptions  would  not  be  successful  or  damaging.    In  the  event  a  security  breach  or 
failure results in the disclosure of sensitive third party data or the transmission of harmful/malicious 
code  to  third  parties,  the  Company  could  be  subject  to  liability  claims.    The  Company  does  not 
currently carry insurance coverage against such liabilities.  Depending on their nature and scope, 
such threats also could potentially lead to improper use of our systems and networks, manipulation 
and destruction of data, loss of trade secrets, system downtimes and operational disruptions, which 
in turn, could adversely affect our reputation, competitiveness and results of operations. 

This document at times will refer to the Registrant’s largest shareholder, Mr. Jesse T. Correll and 
certain companies controlled by Mr. Correll.  Mr. Correll holds a majority ownership of First Southern 
Funding LLC, a Kentucky corporation, (“FSF”) and First Southern Bancorp, Inc. (“FSBI”), a financial 
services holding company.  FSBI operates through its 100% owned subsidiary bank, First Southern 
National Bank (“FSNB”).  Banking activities are conducted through multiple locations within south-
central and western Kentucky.  Mr. Correll is Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board of 
Directors of UTG and is currently UTG’s largest shareholder through his ownership control of FSF, 
FSBI  and  affiliates.    At  December  31,  2018,  Mr.  Correll  owns  or  controls  directly  and  indirectly 
approximately 65.29% of UTG’s outstanding stock. 

UTG’s website is: www.utgins.com Information regarding the Company, including recent filings with 
the Securities and Exchange Commission, are accessible via this website. 

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations 

The  following  is  Management’s  discussion  and  analysis  of  the  financial  condition  and  results  of 
operations of UTG, Inc. and its subsidiaries (collectively with the Parent, the “Company”) for the 
years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017. This discussion should be read in conjunction with the 
consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included elsewhere in this report. 

3 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements 

This report on Form 10-K contains certain forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 
27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, which 
are intended to be covered by the safe harbors created by those laws. We have based our forward-
looking statements on our current expectations and projections about future events. Our forward-
looking statements include information about possible or assumed future results of operations. All 
statements, other than statements of historical facts, included or incorporated by reference in this 
report that address activities, events or developments that we expect or anticipate may occur in the 
future, including such things as the growth of our business and operations, our business strategy, 
competitive strengths, goals, plans, future capital expenditures and references to future successes 
may  be  considered  forward-looking  statements.  Also,  when  we  use  words  such  as  “anticipate,” 
“believe,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “plan,” “probably,” or similar expressions, we are making 
forward-looking statements. 

Numerous  risks  and  uncertainties  may  impact  the  matters  addressed  by  our  forward-looking 
statements,  any  of  which  could  negatively  and  materially  affect  our  future  financial  results  and 
performance.  

Although  we  believe  that  the  assumptions  underlying  our  forward-looking  statements  are 
reasonable, any of these assumptions, and, therefore, the forward-looking statements based on 
these assumptions, could themselves prove to be inaccurate. In light of the significant uncertainties 
inherent  in  the  forward-looking  statements  that  are  included  in  this  report,  our  inclusion  of  this 
information is not a representation by us or any other person that our objectives and plans will be 
achieved.  In  light  of  these  risks,  uncertainties  and  assumptions,  any  forward-looking  event 
discussed in this report may not occur.  Our forward-looking statements speak only as of the date 
made, and we undertake no obligation to update or review any forward-looking statement, whether 
as  a  result  of  new  information,  future  events  or  other  developments,  unless  the  securities  laws 
require us to do so.  

Overview 

UTG, Inc., a Delaware corporation, is a life insurance holding company.  The Company’s dominant 
business is individual life insurance, which includes the servicing of existing insurance policies in-
force, the acquisition of other companies in the life insurance business, the acquisition of blocks of 
business and the administration and processing of life insurance business for other entities.   

UTG, Inc. has a strong philanthropic program.  The Company generally allocates a portion of its 
earnings to be used for its philanthropic efforts primarily targeted to Christ-centered organizations 
or organizations that help the weak or poor.  The Company also encourages its staff to be involved 
on a personal level through monetary giving, volunteerism and use of their talents to assist those 
less  fortunate  than  themselves.    Through  these  efforts,  the  Company  hopes  to  make  a  positive 
difference in the local community, state, nation and world. 

Critical Accounting Policies 

We have identified the accounting policies below as critical to the understanding of our results of 
operations  and  our  financial  condition.    The  application  of  these  critical  accounting  policies  in 
preparing our consolidated financial statements requires Management to use significant judgments 
and estimates concerning future results or other developments including the likelihood, timing or 
amount  of  one  or  more  future  transactions  or  amounts.    Actual  results  may  differ  from  these 
estimates  under  different  assumptions  or  conditions.    On  an  on-going  basis,  we  evaluate  our 
estimates,  assumptions  and  judgments  based  upon  historical  experience  and  various  other 

4 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
information that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances.  For a detailed discussion 
of other significant accounting policies, see Note 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies 
in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements. 

Future Policy Benefits – Because of the long-term nature of insurance contracts, the insurance 
company is liable for policy benefit payments that will be made in the future.  The liability for future 
policy  benefits  is  determined  by  standard  actuarial  procedures  common  to  the  life  insurance 
industry.  The accounting policies for determining this liability are disclosed in Note 1 – Summary 
of Significant Accounting Policies in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements. 

Cost of Insurance Acquired – The costs of acquiring blocks of insurance from other companies 
or through the acquisition of other companies are deferred and recorded as deferred acquisition 
costs. The deferred amounts are recorded as an asset and amortized to expense in a systematic 
manner as indicated in Note 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies in the Notes to the 
Consolidated Financial Statements. 

Valuation of Securities – The Company’s investment portfolio consists of fixed maturities, equity 
securities,  trading  securities,  mortgage  loans  and  real  estate  to  provide  funding  of  future  policy 
contractual  obligations.    The  Company’s  fixed  maturities  and  equity  securities  are  classified  as 
available-for-sale.  Available-for-sale investments are carried at fair value with unrealized gains and 
losses reported in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in the Consolidated Balance 
Sheets.   

The Company’s trading securities are carried at fair value with unrealized gains and losses reported 
in income in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Fair value is the price that the Company 
would expect to receive upon sale of the asset in an orderly transaction.   

Mortgage  loans  on  real  estate  are  carried  at  their  unpaid  principal  balances,  adjusted  for 
amortization  of  premium  or  discount  and  valuation  allowances.  Valuation  allowances  are 
established for impaired loans when it is probable that contractual principal and interest will not be 
collected. A portion of the mortgage loan balance consists of discounted mortgage loans that were 
purchased  at  deep  discounts  through  an  auction  process  led  by  the  Federal  Government.    In 
general, the discounted mortgage loans are non-performing and there is a significant amount of 
uncertainty  surrounding  the  timing  and  amount  of  cash  flows  to  be  received  by  the  Company.  
Accordingly, the Company records its investment in the discounted mortgage loans at its original 
purchase price adjusted for any principal receipts received. 

Investment real estate held for sale is reported at the lower of cost or fair value less cost to sell. 
Expenses to maintain the property are expensed as incurred. 

Notes receivable are reported at their unpaid principal balances, adjusted for valuation allowances. 
Valuation  allowances  are  established  for  impaired  loans  when  it  is  probable  that  contractual 
principal and interest will not be collected. Interest accruals are analyzed based on the likelihood 
of repayment. The Company does not utilize a specified number of days delinquent to cause an 
automatic non-accrual status. 

While  the  available-for-sale  securities  are  generally  expected  to  be  held  to  maturity,  they  are 
classified as available-for-sale and are sold periodically to manage risk. Although a majority of the 
investment portfolio is classified as available-for-sale, the Company has the ability  and intent  to 
hold  the  securities  until  maturity.  See  Note  2  –  Investments  in  the  Notes  to  the  Consolidated 
Financial Statements for detailed disclosures regarding the Company’s investment portfolio. 

As a result of ASU No. 2016-01, Financial Instruments (Topic 825): Recognition and Measurement 
of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities, changes in the fair value of equity securities are now 
recognized in net income rather than other comprehensive income. On January 1, 2018, cumulative  

5 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
net unrealized gains on equity securities of $18.3 million, net of deferred taxes on $4.9 million, were 
reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) into retained earnings.  

Impairment  of  Investments  –  The  Company  continually  monitors  the  investment  portfolio  for 
investments  that  have  become  impaired  in  value;  where  fair  value  has  declined  below  carrying 
value.  While the value of the investments in the Company’s portfolio continuously fluctuate due to 
market conditions, an other-than-temporary impairment charge is recorded only when a security 
has experienced a decline in fair market value which is deemed to be other than temporary.  The 
policies and procedures the Company uses to evaluate and account for impairments of investments 
are disclosed in Note 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and Note 2 – Investments in 
the  Notes  to  the  Consolidated  Financial  Statements.  The  Company  makes  every  effort  to 
appropriately assess the status and value of the securities with the information available regarding 
an  other-than-temporary  impairment.  However,  it  is  difficult  to  predict  the  future  prospects  of  a 
distressed or impaired security. 

Deferred  Income  Taxes  –  The  provision  for  deferred  income  taxes  is  based  on  the  asset  and 
liability  method  of  accounting  for  income  taxes.  Under  this  method,  deferred  income  taxes  are 
recognized  by  applying  enacted  statutory  tax  rates  to  temporary  differences  between  amounts 
reported  in  the  Consolidated  Financial  Statements  and  the  tax  basis  of  existing  assets  and 
liabilities.  A  valuation  allowance  is  recognized  for  the  portion  of  deferred  tax  assets  that,  in 
Management's  judgment,  is  not  likely  to  be  realized.  The  effect  on  deferred  income  taxes  of  a 
change  in tax rates or laws is recognized  in income tax expense in the period that includes the 
enactment  date.    The  Tax  Cuts  &  Jobs  Act  ("TCJA"),  signed  into  law  on  December  22,  2017, 
reduces the corporate Federal income tax rate from 35% to 21%, effective for years beginning after 
December 31, 2017.  Refer to Note 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and Note 6 – 
Income  Taxes  in  the  Notes  to  the  Consolidated  Financial  Statements  for  further  disclosure 
regarding the TCJA. 

Results of Operations 

On a consolidated basis, the Company  had net income attributable to common shareholders of 
$12.4 million and $4.8 million in 2018 and 2017, respectively.  In 2018, income before income taxes 
was $16.5 million compared to $3.3 million in 2017.  Total revenue was $41.3 million in 2018 and 
$28.7 million in 2017.  

One-time  events,  primarily  reflected  in  realized  gains,  comprise  a  substantial  portion  of  the  net 
income and revenue reported by the Company during 2018 and 2017.  The magnitude of realized 
investment gains and losses in a given  year  is a function of the timing of trades of investments 
relative to the markets themselves as well as the recognition of any impairments on investments.  
Future earnings will be significantly negatively impacted should earnings from these one-time items 
not  be  realizable  in  a  future  period.    While  Management  believes  there  remain  additional 
investments with such one-time earnings, when or if realized remains uncertain.     

Total benefits and other expenses paid in 2018 were $24.8 million compared to $25.4 million in 
2017.   

The 2017 net earnings of the Company include approximately $1.5 million attributable to a one-
time  net  benefit  from  the  enactment  of  the  TCJA  on  December  22,  2017.    Refer  to  Note  1  – 
Summary  of  Significant  Accounting  Policies  and  Note  6  –  Income  Taxes  in  the  Notes  to  the 
Consolidated Financial Statements for further disclosure regarding the TCJA. The benefit is the 
result of a one-time non-cash reduction of the Company's net deferred tax liabilities that arose from 
the reduction in the statutory U.S. corporate income tax rate from 35% to 21%. The Company does 
not anticipate the TCJA to have a material impact going forward as the Company historically paid 
an average corporate income tax rate of 20% and will now pay a corporate income tax rate of 21%. 

6 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Revenues 

Premiums and policy fee revenues, net of reinsurance premiums and policy fees, were comparable 
for 2018 to 2017.  The Company writes very little new business. Unless the Company acquires a 
new company or a block of in-force business, Management expects premium revenue to continue 
to  decline  on  the  existing  block  of  business  at  a  rate  consistent  with  prior  experience.  The 
Company’s average persistency rate for all policies in-force for 2018 and 2017 was approximately 
96.1% and 96.7%, respectively.  Persistency is a measure of insurance in-force retained in relation 
to the previous year.   

The following table reflects net investment income of the Company for the years ended December 
31: 

Fixed maturities  
Equity securities 
Trading securities 
Mortgage loans 
Real estate 
Notes receivable 
Policy loans 
Cash and cash equivalents 
Short-term  
Total consolidated investment income 
Investment expenses 
Consolidated net investment income 

$ 

$ 

2018 

2017 

7,273,157  $ 
1,628,649  
0  
1,234,115  
2,771,348  
979,742  
646,993  
355,276  
18,159  
14,907,439  
(3,704,771)  
11,202,668  $ 

8,685,698 
1,213,922 
(1,061) 
1,191,865 
1,990,844 
1,322,675 
664,116 
23,445 
1,263 
15,092,767 
(3,391,769) 
11,700,998 

Net investment income represented approximately 27% and 41% of the Company's total revenues 
as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. When comparing current and prior year results, 
net investment income was comparable in the majority of the investment categories, with the largest 
variance being found in the fixed maturities and real estate investment categories.  

Income from the fixed maturities investment portfolio is down approximately 16% when comparing 
2018  and  2017  results.    The  decrease  is  attributable  to  the  Company  holding  fewer  bonds 
combined  with  upgrading  credit  quality.  During  2017  and  2018,  the  Company  sold  some  lower 
rated, higher yielding securities and replaced them with higher rated, lower yielding securities.  

Income from the real estate portfolio was up approximately 39% as compared to the prior year.  
The increased earnings are the result of the Company receiving additional rental income from real 
estate owned. The Company also recognized an increase of approximately 82%, as compared to 
the prior year, in oil and gas royalties from real estate owned. The earnings from real estate are 
expected to vary from year to year depending on the occupancy of the real estate and the oil and 
gas market. 

7 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The following table reflects net realized investment gains (losses) for the years ended December 
31: 

2018 

2017 

Fixed maturities available for sale 
Equity securities 
Real estate 
Mortgage loans – OTTI 
Real estate – OTTI 
Consolidated net realized investment gains 
Change in fair value of equity securities 
Net investment gains  

$ 

$ 

10,751,955  $ 

0 
1,588,122 
0 
(300,000) 
12,040,077 
10,416,758 
22,456,835  $ 

3,877,454 
2,902,278 
3,099,554 
(72,161) 
(690,000) 
9,117,125 
0 
9,117,125 

Net realized investment gains were up approximately 25% in 2018 as compared to 2017. As seen 
in the table above, the 2018 gains were the result of the sale of certain fixed maturities and real 
estate, which were offset by the recognition of an other-than-temporary impairment on a parcel of 
real estate.  Realized investment gains are the result of one-time events and are expected to vary 
from year to year.  

During 2018, the Company sold a substantial bond holding.  The bond holding was initially acquired 
during 2016 over a period of time at a deep discount, with an average cost of 25% of its par value.  
During the third quarter of 2018, the value of this security had recovered sufficiently enough that 
Management  determined  the  time  was  right  to  sell  a  majority  of  the  holding,  realizing  a  gain  of 
approximately $10 million. At December 31, 2018, the Company still holds $5 million of par value 
of this security at a cost basis of $651,000. 

The 2018 realized gains from real estate are the result of the Company selling three real estate 
parcels.  The 2017 realized gains from real estate are mainly attributable to the sale of two real 
estate parcels, which produced realized gains of approximately $3.5 million.   

During  2018  and  2017,  realized  gains  were  offset  by  other-than-temporary  impairments  of 
$300,000  and  $762,161,  respectively.    The  other-than-temporary  impairments  were  taken  as  a 
result  of  Management’s  assessment  and  consideration  of  the  length  of  time  the  securities  have 
remained  in  an  unrealized  loss  position  and  as  a  result  of  management’s  analysis  and 
determination of value.  The investments were written down to better reflect their current estimated 
fair value. 

Realized investment gains are the result of one-time events and are expected to vary from year to 
year.  

As a result of adopting ASU 2016-01, the 2018 net investment gains included an increase in the 
fair value of equity securities of $10.4 million.  The 2017 increase in the fair value of equity securities 
of  $8.4  million  was  included  in  the  change  in  net  unrealized  investment  gains  in  other 
comprehensive income. See Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for details regarding 
the components of net investments gains (losses) and the change in net unrealized gains (losses) 
from investments.  

The  Company  has  seen  significant  unrealized  gains  on  its  equity  investments  during  2018.    A 
significant portion of these gains are from two equity holdings, both in the area of oil and gas.  While 
the Company has had very strong unrealized gains during 2018, a pullback in the stock market, 
particularly in the oil and gas arena, could slow these gains or even result in future period unrealized 
losses.  Management  believes these equity  investments continue to be solid investments for the  

8 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
Company and have further growth potential; however, changes in market conditions could cause 
volatility in market prices.  

The reclassification of the change in the fair value of equity securities to a component of net income, 
as a result of ASU 2016-01, resulted in several larger variances when comparing current and prior 
year numbers.  As a result of ASU 2016-01, approximately $10.4 million of unrealized gains from 
the change in the fair value of equity securities was reported as a component of net income in 2018 
rather  than  as  a  component  of  accumulated  other  comprehensive  income.    If  you  excluded  the 
change in the fair value of equity securities from the calculations, the revenues and expenses, as 
a percentage of the total, are comparable from the current and prior year.  

In summary, the Company’s basis for future revenue is expected to come from the following primary 
sources: Conservation of business currently in-force, the maximization of investment earnings and 
the acquisition of other companies or policy blocks in the life insurance business. Management has 
placed  a  significant  emphasis  on  the  development  of  these  revenue  sources  to  enhance  these 
opportunities. 

Expenses 

The Company reported total benefits and other expenses of $24.8 million and $25.4 million for the 
twelve-month  periods  ended  December  31,  2018  and  2017,  respectively.  Benefits,  claims  and 
settlement expenses represented approximately 63% and 66% of the Company’s total expenses for 
2018  and  2017,  respectively.    The  other  major  expense  category  of  the  Company  is  operating 
expenses, which represented 34% and 31% of the Company’s total expenses for 2018 and 2017, 
respectively.  

Benefits, claims and settlement expenses, net of reinsurance benefits, decreased approximately 8% 
in 2018 compared to 2017.  The decrease primarily relates to changes in the Company’s death claim 
experience.  Policy claims vary from year to  year and therefore, fluctuations in mortality are to be 
expected and are not considered unusual by Management.  

Changes in policyholder reserves, or future policy benefits, also impact this line item.  Reserves are 
calculated on an individual policy basis and generally increase over the life of the policy as a result of 
additional premium payments and acknowledgment of increased risk as the insured continues to age.    

The  short-term  impact  of  policy  surrenders  is  negligible  since  a  reserve  for  future  policy  benefits 
payable is held which is, at a minimum, equal to and generally greater than the cash surrender value 
of a policy.  The benefit of fewer policy surrenders is primarily received over a longer time period 
through the retention of the Company’s asset base.  

Operating expenses increased approximately 9% in 2018 as compared to 2017.  When analyzing 
2018 and 2017 results, the operating expenses in two of the major expense categories, salaries and 
charitable contributions, were higher in 2018 and driving the variance from the prior year to the current 
year.  The  increase  in  salary  expense  is  the  result  of  increased  bonuses  paid  to  employees  and 
officers of the Company. Bonuses are not contractual or dependent upon meeting certain financial 
goals.  They  are  not  necessarily  paid  each  year,  and  when  they  are  paid,  the  amounts  will  vary 
depending  on  the  decision  of  Management,  the  Compensation  Committee,  and  the  Board  of 
Directors. Charitable contributions are a function of the Company’s earnings. Expenses in all of the 
other categories were comparable for the current and prior year. 

Effective  January  1,  2017,  the  Company  and  FSNB  began  sharing  certain  services.  The  shared 
services  focuses  on  departments  commonly  utilized  by  both  organizations  such  as  financial 
accounting, human resources and information technology. The shared services did not initially make 
a  noticeable  difference  in  operating  expenses,  but  provides  a  larger  team,  which  enhances 
capabilities and quality.  

9 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
As mentioned above in the Overview section of the Management Discussion and Analysis, UTG has 
a strong philanthropic program.  The Company generally allocates a portion of its earnings to be used 
for its philanthropic efforts primarily targeted to Christ-centered organizations or organizations that 
help the weak or poor.  Charitable contributions made by the Company are expected to vary from 
year to year depending on the earnings of the Company.  

Net amortization of cost of insurance acquired decreased approximately 4% when comparing current 
and prior  year  activity.  Cost of insurance  acquired  is  established  when an insurance company  is 
acquired  or  when  the  Company  acquires  a  block  of  in-force  business.    The  Company  assigns  a 
portion of its cost to the right to receive future profits from insurance contracts existing at the date of 
the acquisition.  Cost of insurance acquired is amortized with interest in relation to expected future 
profits, including direct charge-offs for any excess of the unamortized asset over the projected future 
profits. The interest rates may vary due to risk analysis performed at the time of acquisition on the 
business  acquired.  The  Company  utilizes  a  12%  discount  rate  on  the  remaining  unamortized 
business.    The  amortization  is  adjusted  retrospectively  when  estimates  of  current  or  future  gross 
profits to be realized from a group of products are revised.  Amortization of cost of insurance acquired 
is  particularly  sensitive  to  changes  in  interest  rate  spreads  and  persistency  of  certain  blocks  of 
insurance in-force.  This expense is expected to decrease, unless the Company acquires a new block 
of business.  

Management continues to place significant emphasis on expense monitoring and cost containment. 
Maintaining administrative efficiencies directly impacts net income. 

Investment Information  

Financial Condition 

Investments are the largest asset group of the Company.  The Company's insurance subsidiary is 
regulated by insurance statutes and regulations as to the type of investments they are permitted to 
make, and the amount of funds that may be used for any one type of investment.   

The  following  table  reflects,  by  investment  category,  the  investments  held  by  the  Company  as  of 
December 31: 

Fixed maturities  
Equity securities 
Mortgage loans 
Real estate 
Notes receivable 
Policy loans 
Total investments 

2018 

$  160,960,784  
79,783,099  
9,069,111  
52,518,577  
23,717,312  
9,204,222  
$  335,253,105  

As a % of 
Total 
Investments 

As a % of 
Total Assets 

48%  
24%  
3%  
16%  
7%  
2%  
100%  

41%  
20%  
2%  
13%  
6%  
3%  
85%  

10 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fixed maturities  
Equity Securities  
Mortgage Loans  
Real Estate 
Notes receivable 
Policy loans 
Total investments 

2017 

$  178,555,225  
58,848,491  
17,314,477  
50,504,550  
19,004,016  
9,559,142  
$  333,785,901  

As a % of 
Total 
Investments 

As a % of 
Total Assets 

53%  
18%  
5%  
15%  
6%  
3%  
100%  

44%  
15%  
4%  
12%  
5%  
2%  
82%  

The  Company's  investments  are  generally  managed  to  match  related  insurance  and  policyholder 
liabilities.  The comparison of investment return with insurance or investment product crediting rates 
establishes an interest spread.  Interest crediting rates on adjustable rate policies have been reduced 
to  their  guaranteed  minimum  rates,  and  as  such,  cannot  be  lowered  any  further.    Policy  interest 
crediting rate changes and expense load changes become effective on an individual policy basis on 
the next policy anniversary.  Therefore, it takes a full year from the time the change was determined 
for the full impact of such change to be realized.  If interest rates decline in the future, the Company 
will  not  be  able  to  lower  rates  and  both  net  investment  income  and  net  income  will  be  impacted 
negatively.  

The Company’s total investments represented 85% and 82% of the Company’s total assets as of 
December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Fixed maturities consistently represented a substantial 
portion,  48%  and  53%,  respectively,  of  the  total  investments  during  2018  and  2017.    The  overall 
investment mix, as a percentage of total investments, remained fairly consistent when comparing the 
investments held as of December 31, 2018 and 2017.  

As of December 31, 2018, the carrying value of fixed maturity securities in default as to principal or 
interest  was  immaterial  in the context  of consolidated  assets, shareholders’  equity  or results from 
operations.  To provide additional flexibility and liquidity, the Company has identified all fixed maturity 
securities as "investments available for sale".  Investments available for sale are carried at market 
value,  with  changes  in  market  value  charged  directly  to  the  other  comprehensive  component  of 
shareholders'  equity.    Changes  in  the  market  value  of  available  for  sale  securities  resulted  in  net 
unrealized gains (losses) of approximately $(7.7) million and $17.2 million as of December 31, 2018 
and 2017, respectively. The variance in the net unrealized gains and losses is the result of normal 
market fluctuations mainly related to changes in interest rates in the market place.  

Management continues to view the Company’s investment portfolio with utmost priority. Significant 
time  has  been  spent  internally  researching  the  Company’s  risk  and  communicating  with  outside 
investment advisors about the current investment environment and ways to ensure preservation of 
capital and mitigate losses.  Management has put extensive efforts into evaluating the investment 
holdings.    Additionally,  members  of  the  Company’s  Board  of  Directors  and  investment  committee 
have been solicited for advice and provided with information.  Management reviews the Company’s 
entire portfolio on a security level basis to be sure all understand  our holdings, potential risks and 
underlying credit supporting the investments.  Management intends to continue its close monitoring 
of its bond holdings and other investments for possible deterioration or market condition changes.  
Future  events may result  in Management’s  determination  that certain current investment holdings 
may need to be sold which could result in gains or losses in future periods.  Such future events could 
also  result  in  other  than  temporary  declines  in  value  that  could  result  in  future  period  impairment 
losses. 

11 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
There  are  a  number  of  significant  risks  and  uncertainties  inherent  in  the  process  of  monitoring 
impairments and  determining  if impairment is  other-than-temporary. These risks and uncertainties 
related to Management’s assessment of other-than-temporary declines in value include but are not 
limited  to:  the  risk  that  Company's  assessment  of  an  issuer's  ability  to  meet  all  of  its  contractual 
obligations will change based on changes in the credit characteristics of that issuer; the risk that the 
economic  outlook  will  be  worse  than  expected  or  have  more  of  an  impact  on  the  issuer  than 
anticipated;  the  risk  that  fraudulent  information  could  be  provided  to  the  Company's  investment 
professionals who determine the fair value estimates. 

Liquidity 

Liquidity provides the Company with the ability to meet on demand the cash commitments required 
by its business operations and financial obligations.  The Company’s liquidity is primarily derived from 
a portfolio of marketable securities and line of credit facilities.  The Company has two principal needs 
for  cash  –  the  insurance  company’s  contractual  obligations  to  policyholders  and  the  payment  of 
operating expenses.   

Parent Company Liquidity  

UTG is a holding company that has no day-to-day operations of its own.  Cash flows from UTG’s 
insurance subsidiary, UG, are used to pay costs associated with maintaining the Company in good 
standing  with  states  in  which  it  does  business  and  purchasing  outstanding  shares  of  UTG  stock.  
UTG's  cash  flow  is  dependent  on  management  fees  received  from  its  insurance  subsidiary, 
stockholder dividends from its subsidiary and earnings received on cash balances.  As of December 
31, 2018 and 2017, substantially all of the consolidated shareholders’ equity represents net assets of 
its subsidiaries.   In  2018, the Parent company received  $5 million in  dividends from its  insurance 
subsidiary  and  $2  million  in  2017.  Certain  restrictions  exist  on  the  payment  of  dividends  from  the 
insurance subsidiary to the Parent company.  For further information regarding the restrictions on the 
payment of dividends by the insurance subsidiary, see Note 9 – Shareholders’ Equity in the Notes to 
the Consolidated Financial Statements.  Although these restrictions exist, dividend availability from 
the insurance subsidiary has historically been sufficient to meet the cash flow needs of the Parent 
company. 

Insurance Subsidiary Liquidity 

Sources  of  cash  flows  for  the  insurance  subsidiary  primarily  consist  of  premium  and  investment 
income. Cash outflows from operations  include policy benefit payments, administrative expenses, 
taxes and dividends to the Parent company. 

Short-Term Borrowings  

An additional source of liquidity to the Parent company and its subsidiaries is the line of credit facilities 
extended  to  them.  As  of  December  31,  2018  and  2017,  the  Company  and  its  subsidiaries  had 
available $18 million in line of credit facilities.  The Company did not utilize its available credit facilities 
during 2017 or 2018. For additional information regarding the line of credit facilities, see Note 7  – 
Credit Arrangements in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.  

The  Company  expects  to  have  readily  available  funds  for  the  foreseeable  future  to  conduct  its 
operations  and  to  maintain  target  capital  ratios  in  the  insurance  subsidiary  through  internally 
generated cash flow and the credit facilities.  In the unlikely event that more liquidity is needed, the 
Company could generate additional funds through such sources as a short-term credit facility and 
intercompany borrowing. 

12 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated Liquidity 

Cash used in operating activities was approximately $5.4 million and $13.2 million in 2018 and 2017, 
respectively.  Sources of operating cash flows of the Company, as with most insurance entities, is 
comprised  primarily  of  premiums  received  on  life  insurance  products  and  income  earned  on 
investments.  Uses of operating cash flows consist primarily of payments of benefits to policyholders 
and  beneficiaries  and  operating  expenses.    The  Company  has  not  marketed  any  significant  new 
products for several years.  As such, premium revenues continue to decline.  Management anticipates 
future cash flows from operations to remain similar to historic trends.  

During  2018  and  2017,  the  Company’s  investing  activities  provided  net  cash  of  approximately  $2 
million and $27 million, respectively. The Company recognized proceeds of approximately $107.7 
million and $56.2 million from investments sold and matured in 2018 and 2017, respectively.  The 
Company used approximately $105.7 million and $29.2 million to acquire investments.  The net cash 
provided by investing activities is expected to vary from year to year depending on market conditions 
and management’s ability to find and negotiate favorable investment contracts.    

Net cash used in financing activities was approximately $1.9 million and $3.5 million during 2018 and 
2017,  respectively.  As  of  December  31,  2018,  the  Company  had  no  debt  outstanding  with  third 
parties. 

The Company had cash and cash equivalents of approximately $20.2 million and $25.4 million as of 
December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.  The Company has a portfolio of marketable fixed and 
equity securities that are available for sale, if an unexpected event were to occur.  These securities 
had a fair value of approximately $240.7 million and $238 million at December 31, 2018 and 2017, 
respectively. However, the strong cash flows from investing activities, investment maturities and the 
availability of the line of credit facilities make it unlikely that the Company would need to sell securities 
for  liquidity  purposes.    See  Note  2  –  Investments  in  the  Notes  to  the  Consolidated  Financial 
Statements for detailed disclosures regarding the Company’s investment portfolio.  

Management believes the overall sources of liquidity available will be sufficient to satisfy its financial 
obligations. 

Capital Resources  

The  Company’s  capital  structure  consists  of  short-term  available  debt,  long-term  debt  and 
shareholders’ equity. A complete analysis and description of the short-term and long-term debt issues 
available as of December 31, 2018 and 2017 are presented in Note 7 – Credit Arrangements in the 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.  

The Company had $0 debt outstanding as of December 31, 2018 and 2017.  

The  NAIC's  risk-based  capital  requirements  require  insurance  companies  to  calculate  and  report 
information under a risk-based capital formula.  The risk-based capital (RBC) formula measures the 
adequacy of statutory capital and surplus in relation to investment and insurance risks such as asset 
quality, mortality and morbidity, asset and liability matching and other business factors.  The RBC 
formula is used by state insurance regulators as an early warning tool to identify, for the purpose of 
initiating regulatory action, insurance companies that potentially are inadequately capitalized.    

At December 31, 2018, UG has a ratio of approximately 5.20, which is 520% of the authorized control 
level.  Accordingly, the Company meets the RBC requirements. 

The  Board  of  Directors  of  UTG  has  authorized  the  repurchase  in  the  open  market  or  in  privately 
negotiated transactions of UTG's common stock. At a meeting of the Board of Directors in September 
of 2018, the Board of Directors of UTG authorized the repurchase of up to an additional $1.5 million  

13 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
of UTG’s common stock, for a total repurchase of $16 million. Repurchased shares are available for 
future  issuance  for  general  corporate  purposes.  Company  Management  has  broad  authority  to 
operate the program, including the discretion of whether to purchase shares and the ability to suspend 
or terminate the program. Open market purchases are made based on the last available market price 
but  may  be  limited.    During  2018,  the  Company  repurchased  50,922  shares  through  the  stock 
repurchase  program for approximately  $1,329,148. Through December  31,  2018, UTG has spent 
approximately $13.9 million in the acquisition of 1,140,106 shares under this program.  

Shareholders’ equity was approximately $106 million and $110 million as of December 31, 2018 and 
2017, respectively.  Total  shareholders' equity decreased  approximately 3% in  2018  compared to  
2017.  The  decrease  is  primarily  attributable  to  the  change  in  accumulated  other  comprehensive 
income  and  retained  earnings.  As  of  December  31,  2018  and  2017,  the  Company  reported 
accumulated other comprehensive income of approximately $62,000 and $32.9 million, respectively. 
The decrease is the result of the adoption of ASU 2016-01 and a decline in the market value of fixed 
maturity securities.  

Effective January 1, 2018, the Company adopted ASU 2016-01. As a result equity securities are no 
longer  classified  as  available-for-sale  with  unrealized  gains  and  losses  recognized  in  other 
comprehensive income; rather, all changes in the fair value of equity securities are now recognized 
in net income. The Company reclassified approximately $18.3 million of unrealized gains from equity 
securities from being a component of accumulated other comprehensive income to a component of 
retained earnings.  

At December 31, 2018, accumulated other comprehensive income was reduced by approximately 
$14.6 million  as  a result  of unrealized losses  on fixed  maturity securities. The  variance in  the  net 
unrealized gains and losses is the result of normal market fluctuations mainly related to changes in 
interest rates in the market place.  

As a result of the TCJA, the Company has recognized a decrease to their net deferred tax liability as 
of December 31, 2017 of approximately $7.3 million. The Company has determined that no other 
changes are required to the deferred tax liability, and the current income tax expense is unaffected 
by this change in law. Refer to Note 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and Note 6 – 
Income Taxes in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further disclosure regarding 
the TCJA.   

The  Company's  investments  provide  sufficient  return  to  cover  future  obligations.  The  Company 
carries all of its fixed maturity holdings as available for sale, which are reported in the Consolidated 
Financial Statements at their fair value. 

New Accounting Pronouncements 

See Note 1 – Summary of Significant Account Policies in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial 
Statements for information regarding new accounting pronouncements.  

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements 

The  Company  does  not  have  any  off-balance  sheet  arrangements,  financing  activities  or  other 
relationships with unconsolidated entities or other persons. 

Contractual Obligations 

As a smaller reporting company, as defined by Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act and Item 10(f)(1) of 
Regulation  S-K,  the  Company  has  elected  to  comply  with  certain  scaled  disclosure  reporting 
obligations, and therefore does not have to provide the information required by this item. 

14 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Management’s Report on Internal Controls Over Financial Reporting 

Our  Management  is  responsible  for  establishing  and  maintaining  adequate  internal  control  over 
financial  reporting,  as  such  term  is  defined  in  Exchange  Act  Rules  13a-15(f)  and  15d-15(f).  The 
Company’s  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  is  designed  to  provide  reasonable  assurance 
regarding the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally 
accepted accounting principles.  

The  Company’s  Management  assessed  the  effectiveness  of  the  Company’s  internal  control  over 
financial  reporting as of December 31,  2018.  In making the  assessment,  Management used the  

Internal  Control-Integrated  Framework  (2013). 

criteria issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”) 
  Based  on  Management’s  assessment, 
in 
Management concluded that, as of December 31, 2018, the Company’s internal control over financial 
reporting was effective. 

This annual report does not include an attestation report of the Company’s independent registered 
public accounting firm regarding internal control over financial reporting. Management’s report was 
not subject to attestation by the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm pursuant 
to  rules  of  the  Securities  and  Exchange  Commission  that  permit  the  Company  to  provide  only 
Management’s report in this Annual Report. 

Changes in Internal Controls 

There  have  been  no  changes  in  the  Company’s  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  since 
December 31, 2018, in connection with the evaluation required by paragraph (d) of Exchange Act 
Rule  13a-15(e)  and  15d-15(e), that have materially affected,  or are reasonably  likely  to materially 
affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. The Company’s process for evaluating 
controls and procedures is continuous and encompasses constant improvement of the design and 
effectiveness of established controls and procedures and the remediation of any deficiencies, which 
may be identified during this process. 

15 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
16 

 
 
UTG, Inc. 
Consolidated Balance Sheets 
As of December 31, 2018 and 2017 

ASSETS 

Investments: 

Investments available for sale: 

Fixed maturities, at fair value (amortized cost $160,895,869 and 

$159,912,511) 

Equity securities, at fair value (cost $0 and $35,712,633) 

Equity securities, at fair value (Cost $34,885,107 and $0) 
Equity securities, at cost 
Mortgage loans on real estate at amortized cost 
Investment real estate, net 
Notes receivable 
Policy loans 

Total investments 

Cash and cash equivalents 
Accrued investment income 
Reinsurance receivables: 
Future policy benefits 
Policy claims and other benefits 
Cost of insurance acquired 
Property and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation 
Income taxes receivable 
Other assets 

Total assets 

$ 

$ 

LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY 

Policy liabilities and accruals: 

Future policy benefits 
Policy claims and benefits payable 
Other policyholder funds 
Dividend and endowment accumulations 

Deferred income taxes 
Other liabilities 

Total liabilities 

Shareholders' equity: 
Common stock - no par value, stated value $0.001 per share. Authorized 

7,000,000 shares - 3,295,870 and 3,333,377 shares issued and 
outstanding 

Additional paid-in capital 
Retained earnings 
Accumulated other comprehensive income 
Total UTG shareholders' equity 
Noncontrolling interest 

Total shareholders' equity 
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity 

See accompanying notes. 

17 

$ 

$ 

2018 

2017 

160,960,784 
$ 
0   
67,664,482   
12,118,617   
9,069,111   
52,518,577   
23,717,312   
9,204,222   
335,253,105   

20,150,162   
2,119,882   

26,117,936   
4,053,882   
5,622,227   
688,567   
279,333   
1,263,242   
395,548,336  $ 

178,555,225 
58,848,491 
0 
0 
17,314,477 
50,504,550 
19,004,016 
9,559,142 
333,785,901 

25,434,199 
2,990,721 

26,488,346 
3,882,047 
6,428,292 
1,118,826 
549,851 
5,766,901 
406,445,084 

253,852,368  $ 
4,267,481   
372,072   
14,608,838   
9,113,480   
6,257,387   
288,471,626   

259,469,205 
3,777,175 
408,790 
14,601,645 
10,996,404 
6,760,347 
296,013,566 

3,296 
36,567,865   
69,708,901   
62,495   
106,342,557   
734,153   
107,076,710   
395,548,336  $ 

3,333 
37,536,164 
39,040,456 
32,952,338 
109,532,291 
899,227 
110,431,518 
406,445,084 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
UTG, Inc. 
Consolidated Statements of Operations 
For the Years Ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 

Revenue: 

Premiums and policy fees 
Ceded reinsurance premiums and policy fees 
Net investment income 
Other income 

Revenues before net investment gains (losses) 

$ 

Net investment gains (losses): 

Other-than-temporary impairments 
Other realized investment gains, net 
Change in fair value of equity securities 

Total net investment gains 
Total revenues 

Benefits and other expenses: 

Benefits, claims and settlement expenses: 

Life 
Ceded reinsurance benefits and claims 
Annuity 
Dividends to policyholders 

Commissions 
Amortization of cost of insurance acquired 
Operating expenses 

Total benefits and other expenses 

Income before income taxes 
Income tax expense (benefit) 

Net income 

2018 

2017 

  $ 

10,076,351 
(2,862,701) 
11,202,668 
400,034 
18,816,352 

(300,000) 
12,340,077 
10,416,758 
22,456,835 
41,273,187 

16,751,922 
(2,610,586) 
1,044,397 
390,368 
(147,922) 
806,065 
8,531,113 
24,765,357 

16,507,830 
3,907,536 

10,413,346 
(2,955,989) 
11,700,998 
458,663 
19,617,018 

(762,161) 
9,879,286 
0 
9,117,125 
28,734,143 

17,428,286 
(1,893,986) 
975,196 
370,847 
(145,722) 
839,105 
7,854,301 
25,428,027 

3,306,116 
(1,507,016) 

12,600,294 

4,813,132 

Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest 

(209,177) 

(2,983) 

Net income attributable to common shareholders 

$ 

12,391,117 

  $ 

4,810,149 

Amounts attributable to common shareholders: 

Basic income per share 

Diluted income per share 

$ 

$ 

3.75 

  $ 

3.75 

  $ 

1.44 

1.44 

Basic weighted average shares outstanding 

3,307,448 

3,346,774 

Diluted weighted average shares outstanding 

3,307,448 

3,346,774 

See accompanying notes.

18 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
UTG, Inc. 
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) 
For the Years Ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 

2018 

2017 

Net income 

$ 

12,600,294 

$ 

4,813,132 

Other comprehensive income (loss): 

Unrealized holding gains (losses) arising during period, pre-tax 
Tax (expense) benefit on unrealized holding gains (losses) 

arising during the period 

Deferred tax adjustment from tax rate change 
Unrealized holding gains (losses) arising during period, net of 

tax 

Less reclassification adjustment for gains included in net income 
Tax expense for gains included in net income 
Reclassification adjustment for gains included in net income, net 

of tax 

Subtotal: Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax 

(7,744,899) 

17,174,126 

1,626,429 
0 

(6,010,944) 
5,842,290 

(6,118,470) 

17,005,472 

(10,751,955) 
2,257,911 

(8,494,044) 
(14,612,514) 

(6,779,732) 
2,372,906 

(4,406,826) 
12,598,646 

Comprehensive income (loss) 

(2,012,220) 

17,411,778 

Less comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling 

interests 

(209,177) 

(2,983) 

Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to UTG, Inc. 

$ 

(2,221,397) 

  $ 

17,408,795 

See accompanying notes. 

19 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
See accompanying notes.  

20 

 
 
 
 
 
UTG, Inc. 
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows 
For the Years Ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 

Cash flows from operating activities: 

Net income attributable to common shares 
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash used in operating 

activities: 
Amortization (accretion) of investments 
Other-than-temporary impairments 
Realized investment gains, net 
Change in fair value of equity securities 
Unrealized trading (gains) losses included in income 
Realized trading (gains) losses included in income 
Amortization of cost of insurance acquired 
Depreciation 
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest 
Charges for mortality and administration of universal life and annuity 

products 

Interest credited to account balances 
Change in accrued investment income 
Change in reinsurance receivables 
Change in policy liabilities and accruals 
Change in income taxes receivable (payable) 
Change in other assets and liabilities, net 

Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities 
Cash flows from investing activities: 

Proceeds from investments sold and matured: 

Fixed maturities available for sale 
Equity securities 
Mortgage loans 
Real estate 
Notes receivable 
Policy loans 
Short-term investments 

Total proceeds from investments sold and matured 
Cost of investments acquired: 

Fixed maturities available for sale 
Equity securities 
Mortgage loans 
Real estate 
Notes receivable 
Policy loans 
Short-term investments 

Total cost of investments acquired 
Purchase of property and equipment 

Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities 
Cash flows from financing activities: 
Policyholder contract deposits 
Policyholder contract withdrawals 
Payments of principal on notes payable/line of credit 
Purchase of treasury stock 
Issuance of stock 
Noncontrolling contributions/(distributions) of consolidated subsidiary 

Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities 
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents 
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year 
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year 

$ 

See accompanying notes.

21 

2018 

2017 

$ 

12,391,117 

  $ 

4,810,149 

(142,519) 
300,000 
(12,340,077) 
(10,416,758) 
0 
0 
806,065 
1,067,297 
209,177 

(6,602,846) 
4,221,969 
870,839 
198,575 
(2,237,947) 
270,518 
5,985,699 
(5,418,891) 

66,408,611 
2,169,989 
8,878,073 
14,341,204 
6,783,702 
1,599,896 
7,549,076 
107,730,551 

(56,940,883) 
(12,687,839) 
(91,954) 
(15,704,151) 
(11,496,998) 
(1,244,976) 
(7,549,076) 
(105,715,877) 
0 
2,014,674 

4,696,980 
(5,234,212) 
0 
(1,329,148) 
360,812 
(374,252) 
(1,879,820) 
(5,284,037) 
25,434,199 
20,150,162 

  $ 

94,608 
762,161 
(9,879,286) 
0 
111,531 
(110,470) 
839,105 
701,809 
2,983 

(6,636,270) 
4,346,943 
(117,871) 
556,891 
(2,794,247) 
673,831 
(6,560,115) 
(13,198,248) 

29,744,619 
7,479,886 
1,840,610 
13,014,387 
2,170,322 
1,951,222 
0 
56,201,046 

(15,615,699) 
(3,275,532) 
(360,531) 
(4,226,106) 
(4,297,853) 
(1,440,230) 
0 
(29,215,951) 
0 
26,985,095 

4,812,703 
(4,139,797) 
(2,900,000) 
(604,052) 
261,487 
(939,537) 
(3,509,196) 
10,277,651 
15,156,548 
25,434,199 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 

Note 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies 

Business  –  UTG,  Inc.  is  an  insurance  holding  company.  The  Company’s  dominant  business  is 
individual  life  insurance,  which  includes  the  servicing  of  existing  insurance  in-force  and  the 
acquisition  of  other  companies  in  the  life  insurance  business.  UTG  and  its  subsidiaries  are 
collectively referred to as the “Company”.  

This document at times will refer to the Registrant’s largest shareholder, Mr. Jesse T. Correll and 
certain  companies  controlled  by  Mr.  Correll.    Mr.  Correll  holds  a  majority  ownership  of  First 
Southern Funding, LLC (“FSF”), a Kentucky corporation, and First Southern Bancorp, Inc. (“FSBI”), 
a financial services holding company.  FSBI operates through  its 100% owned subsidiary  bank, 
First Southern National Bank (“FSNB”).  Banking activities are conducted through multiple locations 
within south-central and western Kentucky.  Mr. Correll is Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of 
the Board of Directors of UTG and is currently UTG’s largest shareholder through his ownership 
control of FSF, FSBI and affiliates.  At December 31, 2018, Mr. Correll owns or controls directly 
and indirectly approximately 65.29% of UTG’s outstanding stock.  

UTG’s life insurance subsidiary has several wholly-owned and majority-owned subsidiaries. The 
subsidiaries were formed to hold certain real estate and other investments. The investments were 
placed into the limited liability companies and partnerships to provide additional protection to the 
policyholders and to UG.  

Basis  of  Presentation  –  The  accompanying  consolidated  financial  statements  have  been 
prepared  in  conformity  with  accounting  principles  generally  accepted  in  the  United  States  of 
America (“GAAP”), under guidance issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”).  
The preparation of financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires Management to make 
estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of 
the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting 
period.  Actual results could differ from those estimates.  

Principles of Consolidation – The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the 
accounts  of  the  Registrant  and  its  wholly  and  majority-owned  subsidiaries.    All  significant 
intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated during consolidation. 

Business Segments – The Company has only one business segment – life insurance.  

Investments – The Company reports its investments as follows:  

Fixed Maturity Investments – The Company classifies its fixed maturity investments, which include 
bonds, as available for sale. Investments classified as available for sale are carried at fair value 
with  unrealized  gains  and  losses,  net  of  deferred  taxes,  reflected  directly  in  accumulated  other 
comprehensive income.  Premiums and discounts on debt securities purchased at other than par 
value are amortized and accreted, respectively, to interest income in the Consolidated Statements 
of Operations, using the constant yield method over the period to maturity.  Net realized gains and 
losses on sales of available for sale securities, and unrealized losses considered to be other-than-
temporary, are recorded to net realized investment gains (losses) in the Consolidated Statements 
of Operations.  

Equity  Securities  at  Fair  Value  –  Investments  in  equity  securities,  which  include  common  and 
preferred  stocks,  are  reported  at  fair  value  with  unrealized  gains  and  losses  reported  as  a 
component of net income (loss) upon adoption of ASU 2016-01.   

22 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
Equity  Securities  at  Cost  –  The  Company  adopted  ASU  2016-01  during  the  current  year  and 
transferred equity securities of $12,118,617, that do not have a readily determinable fair value, from 
equity securities at fair value to equity securities at cost on the financial statements.  There was no 
impact to the Consolidated Statements of Operations or net Shareholders' Equity as a result of the 
change. These investments are reported at their cost basis, minus impairment, if any, plus or minus 
changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for the identical or a similar 
investment of the same issuer. 

Mortgage  Loans  on  Real  Estate  –  Mortgage  loans  on  real  estate  are  reported  at  their  unpaid 
principal  balances,  adjusted  for  amortization  of  premium  or  discount  and  valuation  allowances. 
Valuation  allowances  are  established  for  impaired  loans  when  it  is  probable  that  contractual 
principal and interest will not be collected. Included in the mortgage loans balance is discounted 
mortgage  loans  on  real  estate.  Discounted  mortgage  loans  on  real  estate  are  loans  that  the 
Company purchased at a deep discount through an auction process led by the Federal Government 
or other intermediary.  In general, the discounted loans are non-performing and there is a significant 
amount  of  uncertainty  surrounding  the  timing  and  amount  of  cash  flows  to  be  received  by  the 
Company.  Accordingly, the Company records its investment in the discounted loans at its original 
purchase price adjusted for any principal receipts received.  Management works with the borrower 
to reach a settlement on the loan or they foreclose on the underlying collateral which is primarily 
commercial real estate.  For cash payments received during the work out process, the Company 
records these payments to interest  income on a cash basis.  For loan settlements reached, the 
Company records the amount in excess of the carrying amount of the loan as a discount accretion 
to investment income at the closing date.  Management reviews the discount loan portfolio regularly 
for impairment.  If an impairment is identified (after consideration of the underlying collateral), the 
Company records an impairment to earnings in the period the information becomes known.  

Investment Real Estate – Investment real estate held for sale is reported at the lower of cost or fair 
value less cost to sell. Expenses to maintain the property are expensed as incurred.  

Notes Receivable – Notes receivable are reported at their unpaid principal balances, adjusted for 
valuation allowances. Valuation allowances are established for impaired loans when it is probable 
that contractual principal and interest will not be collected. Interest accruals are analyzed based on 
the likelihood of repayment. The Company does not utilize a specified number of days delinquent 
to cause an automatic non-accrual status.  

Policy Loans – Policy loans are reported at their unpaid balances, including accumulated interest, 
but not in excess of the cash surrender value of the related policy.  

Short-Term  Investments  –  Short-term  investments  are  reported  at  amortized  cost,  which 
approximates fair value.  

Gains  and  Losses  –  Realized  gains  and  losses  include  sales  of  investments  and  investment 
impairments.  If any, other-than-temporary impairments in fair value are recognized in net income 
on the specific identification basis. 

Fair  Value  –  Fair  values  for  cash,  short-term  investments,  short-term  debt,  receivables  and 
payables approximate carrying value. Fair values for fixed maturities, equity securities and certain 
other  assets  are  determined  in  accordance  with  specific  accounting  guidance.    Fair  values  are 
based  on  quoted  market  prices,  where  available.    Otherwise,  fair  values  are  based  on  quoted 
market prices of comparable instruments in active markets, quotes  in  inactive markets, or other 
observable  criteria.  Mortgage  loans  on  real  estate  are  estimated  using  discounted  cash  flow 
analyses. Discounted mortgage loans on real estate are reported at original purchase price, which 
Management  believes  approximates  fair  value.    For  more  specific  information  regarding  the 
Company’s measurements and procedures in valuing financial instruments, see Note 3 – Fair Value 
Measurements. 

23 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Impairment  of  Investments  –  The  Company  evaluates  its  investment  portfolio  for  other-than-
temporary impairments as described in Note 2 – Investments.  If a security is deemed to be other-
than-temporarily impaired, the cost basis of the security is written down to fair value and is treated 
as a realized loss.   

Current accounting guidance states that if an entity intends to sell or if it is more likely than not that 
it will be required to sell an impaired security prior to recovery of its cost basis, the security is to be 
considered other-than-temporarily impaired and the full amount of impairment must be charged to 
earnings.    Otherwise,  losses  on  fixed  maturities  which  are  other-than-temporarily  impaired  are 
separated into two categories, the portion of the loss which is considered credit loss and the portion 
of the loss which is due to other factors.  The credit loss portion is charged to earnings while the 
loss due to other factors is charged to other comprehensive income.   

Cash  Equivalents  –  The  Company  considers  certificates  of  deposit  and  other  short-term 
instruments with an original purchased maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. 

Cash – Cash consists of balances on hand and on deposit in banks and financial institutions. 

Reinsurance - In the normal course of business, the Company seeks to limit its exposure to loss 
on  any  single  insured  and  to  recover  a  portion  of  benefits  paid  by  ceding  reinsurance  to  other 
insurance  enterprises  or  reinsurers  under  excess  coverage  and  coinsurance  contracts.    The 
Company retains a maximum of $125,000 of coverage per individual life. 

Reinsurance receivables are recognized in a manner consistent with the liabilities relating to the 
underlying  reinsured  contracts.  The  cost  of  reinsurance  related  to  long-duration  contracts  is 
accounted for over the life of the underlying reinsured policies using assumptions consistent with 
those used to account for the underlying policies. 

Cost of Insurance Acquired - When an insurance company is acquired, the Company assigns a 
portion of its cost to the right to receive future cash flows from insurance contracts existing at the 
date  of  the  acquisition.    The  cost  of  policies  purchased  represents  the  actuarially  determined 
present value of the projected future profits from the acquired policies.  Cost of insurance acquired 
is amortized with interest in relation to expected future profits, including direct charge-offs for any 
excess of the  unamortized asset  over the projected future  profits.   The amortization  is adjusted 
retrospectively  when  estimates  of  current  or  future  gross  profits  to  be  realized  from  a  group  of 
products are revised. 

Property and Equipment - Company-occupied property, data processing equipment and furniture 
and  office  equipment  are  stated  at  cost  less  accumulated  depreciation  of  $5,655,593  and 
$5,225,333 at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Depreciation is computed on a straight-
line basis for financial reporting purposes using estimated useful lives of 3 to 30 years.  Depreciation 
expense  was  $430,260  and  $446,117  for  the  years  ended  December  31,  2018  and  2017, 
respectively. 

Future Policy Benefits and Expenses - The liabilities for traditional life insurance and accident 
and  health  insurance  policy  benefits  are  computed  using  a  net  level  method.    These  liabilities 
include assumptions as to investment yields, mortality, withdrawals, and other assumptions based 
on the life insurance subsidiary’s experience adjusted to reflect anticipated trends and to include 
provisions for possible unfavorable deviations. The Company makes these assumptions at the time 
the  contract  is  issued  or,  in  the  case  of  contracts  acquired  by  purchase,  at  the  purchase  date.  
Future policy benefits for individual life insurance and annuity policies are computed using interest 
rates ranging from 2.0% to 6.0% for life insurance and 2.5% to 7.5% for annuities.  Benefit reserves 
for traditional life insurance policies include certain deferred profits on limited-payment policies that 
are being recognized in income over the policy term. Policy  benefit claims are charged to expense 
in the  period that  the claims are  incurred.  The mortality  rate assumptions for  policies currently  

24 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
issued  by  the  Company  are  based  on  2001  select  and  ultimate  tables.    Withdrawal  rate 
assumptions  are  based  upon  Linton  B  or  C,  which  are  industry  standard  actuarial  tables  for 
forecasting assumed policy lapse rates.  

Benefit  reserves  for  universal  life  insurance  and  interest  sensitive  life  insurance  products  are 
computed  under  a  retrospective  deposit  method  and  represent  policy  account  balances  before 
applicable  surrender  charges.    Policy  benefits  and  claims  that  are  charged  to  expense  include 
benefit claims in excess of related policy account balances.  Interest crediting rates for universal 
life and interest sensitive products range from 3.0% to 6.0% as of December 31, 2018 and 2017. 

Policy Claims and Benefits Payable - Policy and contract claims include provisions for reported 
claims in process of settlement, valued in accordance with the terms of the policies and contracts, 
as well as provisions for claims incurred and unreported. The estimate of incurred and unreported 
claims is based on prior experience. The Company makes an estimate after careful evaluation of 
all information available to the Company.  There is no certainty the stated liability for policy claims 
and  benefits  payable,  including  the  estimate  for  incurred  but  unreported  claims,  will  be  the 
Company’s ultimate obligation. 

Income Taxes – Income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method. Deferred 
tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax impact attributable to differences between 
the financial statement book values and tax bases of assets and liabilities.  Deferred tax assets and 
liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years 
in  which  those  temporary  differences  are  expected  to  be  recovered  or  settled.    The  effect  on 
deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that 
includes the enactment date. The Tax Cuts & Jobs Act ("TCJA"), signed into law on December 22, 
2017,  reduces  the  corporate  Federal  income  tax  rate  from  35%  to  21%,  effective  for  years 
beginning after December 31, 2017.  More information concerning income taxes is provided in Note 
6 – Income Taxes. 

Earnings Per Share – The objective of both basic earnings per share (“EPS”) and diluted EPS is 
to measure the performance of an entity over the reporting period.  The Company presents basic 
and diluted EPS on the face of the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Basic EPS is computed 
by dividing income available to common shareholders by the weighted average common shares 
outstanding for the period.  Diluted EPS is calculated by adding to shares outstanding the additional 
net  effect  of  potentially  dilutive  securities  or  contracts,  such  as  stock  options,  which  could  be 
exercised or converted into common shares. 

Recognition  of  Revenues  and  Related  Expenses  -  Premiums  for  traditional  life  insurance 
products, which include those products with fixed and guaranteed premiums and benefits, consist 
principally  of  whole  life  insurance  policies,  and  certain  annuities  with  life  contingencies  are 
recognized as revenues when due. Limited payment life insurance policies defer gross premiums 
received in excess of net premiums, which is then recognized in income in a constant relationship 
with insurance in-force. Accident and health insurance premiums are recognized as revenue pro 
rata over the terms of the policies. Benefits and related expenses associated with the premiums 
earned are charged to expense proportionately over the lives of the policies through a provision for 
future policy benefit liabilities and through deferral and amortization of deferred policy acquisition 
costs. For universal life and investment products, generally there is no requirement for payment of 
premium other than to maintain account values at a level sufficient to pay mortality and expense 
charges.  Consequently,  premiums  for  universal  life  policies  and  investment  products  are  not 
reported as revenue, but as deposits. Policy fee revenue for universal life policies and investment 
products  consists  of  charges  for  the  cost  of  insurance  and  policy  administration  fees  assessed 
during the period. Expenses include interest credited to policy account balances and benefit claims 
incurred in excess of policy account balances. 

25 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Recently Issued Accounting Standards 

In  August  2018,  the  FASB  issued  Accounting  Standards  Update  No.  2018-13,  Fair  Value 
Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework - Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair 
Value Measurement or ASU 2018-13. ASU 2018-13 modifies certain disclosure requirements related 
to fair value measurements including requiring disclosures on changes in unrealized gains and losses 
in other comprehensive income for recurring Level 3 fair value measurements and a requirement to 
disclose the range and weighted average of significant unobservable inputs used to develop Level 3 
fair value measurements. The ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, 
including  interim  periods  within  those  fiscal  years.  Early  adoption  is  permitted.  The  Company  is 
currently evaluating the impact that the adoption of this guidance will have on its consolidated financial 
statements.  

In August 2018, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2018-12, Financial Services-
Insurance  (Topic  944):  Targeted  Improvements  to  the  Accounting  for  Long-Duration  Contracts  or 
ASU 2018-12.  ASU 2018-12 significantly changes how insurers account for long-duration insurance 
contracts. The new guidance will require insurers to review and update, if necessary, the assumptions 
used to measure  insurance liabilities periodically, rather than retain  assumptions  used  at contract 
inception.  The  updated  guidance  also  changes  the  recognition  and  measurement  of  deferred 
acquisition costs (DAC) and created a new category of benefit features called market risk benefits 
(MRB) that will be measured at fair value. The guidance also significantly expands the disclosure 
requirements for long-duration contracts.  The ASU is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods 
within those years, for years beginning after December 15, 2020 and early adoption is permitted.  The 
guidance on measuring the liabilities for future policy benefits and DAC will be adopted on a modified 
retrospective basis as of the earliest period presented in the year of adoption. The guidance on MRB 
will be adopted on a retrospective basis as of the earliest period presented in the year of adoption. 
The Company is currently evaluating the impact that the adoption of this guidance will have on its 
consolidated financial statements.  

In June 2018, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2018-07, Compensation-Stock 
Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Non-Employee Share Based Payment Accounting or 
ASU 2018-07. The amendment in  ASU 2018-07 simplifies the accounting for nonemployee share 
based payments by aligning the measurement and classification guidance for share based payments 
to nonemployees with share based payments to employees. Under this guidance, the measurement 
of equity classified awards will be fixed at the grant date. This guidance is effective in annual periods 
beginning  after  December  15,  2018.  The  Company  has  evaluated  the  impact  of  the  ASU,  and 
determined that it does not significantly impact the Company’s financial statements.  

In February 2018, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2018-02, Income Statement - 
Reporting  Comprehensive  Income  (Topic  220),  Reclassification  of  Certain  Tax  Effects  from 
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income or ASU 2018-02.  ASU 2018-02 was issued as a result 
of the enactment of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (“TCJA”) on December 22, 2017.  Accounting 
guidance required deferred tax items to be revalued based on the new tax laws (the most significant 
of which reduced the corporate tax rate to 21% percent from 35% percent) and to include the change 
in  income  from  continuing  operations.    ASU  2018-02  is  effective  for  annual  and  interim  reporting 
periods beginning after December 15, 2018, with early adoption permitted.  The Company adopted 
ASU 2018-02 for the year ended December 31, 2017.   

Accounting Standards Update (ASU 2016-13), Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): 
Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments – The amendments included in ASU 2016-
13 require the measurement of all expected credit losses for financial assets held at the reporting 
date based on historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. 
Financial  institutions  and  other  organizations  will  now  use  forward-looking  information  to  better 
evaluate their credit loss estimates. Many of the loss estimation techniques applied today will still be 
permitted, although the inputs to those techniques will change to reflect the full amount of expected  

26 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
credit losses. In addition, the ASU amends the accounting for credit losses on available-for-sale debt 
securities and purchased financial assets with credit deterioration. ASU 2016-13 is effective for public 
companies for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. The Company is currently evaluating 
the impact that the adoption of this guidance will have on its consolidated financial statements. 

In January 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-01, Financial Instruments 
-  Overall  (Subtopic  825-10):  Recognition  and  Measurement  of  Financial  Assets  and  Financial 
Liabilities,  or  ASU  2016-01.  The  amendments  in  ASU  2016-01  change  the  accounting  for  non-
consolidated equity investments that are not accounted for under the equity method of accounting by 
requiring changes in fair value to be recognized in income. Additionally, ASU 2016-01 simplifies the 
impairment  assessment  of  equity  investments  without  readily  determinable  fair  values;  requires 
entities  to  use  the  exit  price  when  estimating  the  fair  value  of  financial  instruments;  and  modifies 
various presentation disclosure requirements for financial instruments. The Company adopted ASU 
2016-01 on January 1, 2018 as a cumulative net effect adjustment and reclassified $18,277,328 of 
unrealized gains on equity investments, net of tax, from accumulated other comprehensive income 
(loss) to retained earnings on the Company's Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet. Prior periods 
have not been restated to conform to current presentation. Effective January 1, 2018, the Company's 
results of operations include the changes in fair value of these financial instruments. During 2018, the 
FASB  implemented  ASU  2018-03,  which  clarifies  ASU  2016-01  regarding  the  measurement 
alternative for equity securities  without  a readily  determinable fair  value  as  well as clarification for 
other presentation items. These amendments are effective for interim periods beginning after June 
15, 2018. 

27 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Note 2 – Investments 

Available for Sale Securities – Fixed Maturity and Equity Securities 

The following tables provide a summary of fixed maturities available for sale by original or amortized 
cost and estimated fair value: 

December 31, 2018 

Investments available for sale: 
Fixed maturities 
U.S. Government and govt. agencies and 
authorities 
U.S. special revenue and assessments 
All other corporate bonds 

Total 

December 31, 2017 

Investments available for sale: 

Fixed maturities 

U.S. Government and govt. agencies and 
authorities 
U.S. special revenue and assessments 

All other corporate bonds 

Equity securities (1) 

Total 

  Original or 
Amortized 
Cost 

Gross  
Unrealized  
Gains 

Gross  
Unrealized  
Losses 

Estimated 
Fair 
Value 

$ 

$  25,649,410 
16,350,486  
  118,895,973  

$  25,660,194 
16,680,380 
  118,620,210 
  $ 160,895,869   $  3,052,593   $ (2,987,678)   $ 160,960,784 

(138,222) 
(4,406)  
  (2,845,050)  

149,006 
334,300  
2,569,287  

$ 

  Original or 
Amortized 
Cost 

Gross  
Unrealized  
Gains 

Gross  
Unrealized  
Losses 

Estimated 
Fair 
Value 

$ 

2,679,325 

9,012,232 

  148,220,954 

  159,912,511 

35,712,633 
  $  195,625,144 

$ 

$ 

33,802 
620,789  
   18,359,816  
   19,014,407  
   23,648,201  
 $  42,662,608   $ 

(73,530) 

$ 

2,639,597 

0 

(298,163) 

(371,693) 

(512,343) 

(884,036) 

9,633,021 
   166,282,607 
   178,555,225 
58,848,491 
 $  237,403,716 

(1)Effective  January  1,  2018,  the  Company  adopted  ASU  2016-01  and  equity  securities  are  no 
longer classified as available-for-sale. Prior periods have not been restated to conform the current 
presentation. See Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.  

The following table provides a summary of fixed maturities by contractual maturity as of December 
31,  2018.  Actual  maturities  could  differ  from  contractual  maturities  due  to  call  or  prepayment 
provisions: 

Fixed Maturities Available for Sale 
December 31, 2018 

Amortized 
Cost 

Estimated 
Fair Value 

Due in one year or less 
Due after one year through five years 
Due after five years through ten years 
Due after ten years 
Total 

$ 

$ 

6,498,249 
43,015,419 
60,011,083 
51,371,118 
160,895,869 

  $ 

  $ 

6,537,005 
44,106,710 
60,985,500 
49,331,569 
160,960,784 

By insurance statute, the majority of the Company's investment portfolio is invested in investment 
grade securities to provide ample protection for policyholders. 

28 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Below investment grade debt securities generally provide higher yields and involve greater risks 
than investment grade  debt securities because their issuers typically  are more  highly  leveraged 
and more vulnerable to adverse economic conditions than investment grade issuers.   In addition, 
the  trading  market  for  these  securities  is  usually  more  limited  than  for  investment  grade  debt 
securities.  Debt securities classified as below-investment grade are those that receive a Standard 
& Poor's rating of BB+ or below. 

The  Company  held  below  investment  grade  investments  with  an  estimated  market  value  of 
$2,618,594 and $21,108,077 as of December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. The 
investments are all classified as “All other corporate bonds”. 

The fair value of investments with sustained gross unrealized losses at December 31, 2018 and 
2017 are as follows: 

December 31, 2018 

Less than 12 months 

12 months or longer 

Total 

U.S. Government and govt. 
agencies and authorities 
U.S. special revenue and 
assessments 
All other corporate bonds 
Total fixed maturities 

Fair value 

Unrealized 
losses 

Fair value 

Unrealized 
losses 

Fair value 

Unrealized 
losses 

$ 

6,429,700 

(49,904) 

$  1,592,679 

(88,318) 

$ 

8,022,379 

(138,222) 

4,023,920 
49,270,729 
  $  59,724,349 

(4,406) 
(2,033,507) 
(2,087,817) 

0 
   15,337,739 
 $  16,930,418 

0 
(811,543) 
(899,861) 

4,023,920 
64,608,468   
76,654,767   

(4,406) 
(2,845,050) 
(2,987,678) 

 $ 

December 31, 2017 

Less than 12 months 

12 months or longer 

Total 

U.S. Government and govt. 
agencies and authorities 
All other corporate bonds 
Total fixed maturities 
Equity securities (1) 

  Unrealized 

  Unrealized 

Fair value 

losses 

Fair value 

losses 

Fair value 

$ 

  $ 
  $ 

0 
9,732,635 
9,732,635 
4,130,260 

0 
(91,757) 
(91,757) 
(270,774) 

$  1,604,987 
   11,164,317   
 $  12,769,304   
 $  1,526,868   

(73,530) 
(206,406) 
(279,936) 
(241,569) 

$ 

 $ 
 $ 

1,604,987 
20,896,952 
22,501,939 
5,657,128 

Unrealized 
losses 

(73,530) 
(298,163) 
(371,693) 
(512,343) 

The following table provides additional information regarding the number of securities that were in 
an unrealized loss position for greater than or less than twelve months: 

Less than 
12 months 

12 months 
or longer 

As of December 31, 2018 
Fixed maturities 
As of December 31, 2017 
Fixed maturities 
Equity securities 

30 

6 
2 

10 

6 
2 

Total 

40 

12 
4 

(1)Effective  January  1,  2018,  the  Company  adopted  ASU  2016-01  and  equity  securities  are  no 
longer  classified  as  available-for-sale.  Prior  periods  have  not  been  restated  to  conform  to  the 
current  presentation.  See  Note  1  to  the  Consolidated  Financial  Statements  for  additional 
information. 

Substantially  all  of  the  unrealized  losses  on  fixed  maturities  available  for  sale  at  December  31, 
2018 and 2017 are attributable to changes in market interest rates and general disruptions in the 
credit market subsequent to purchase.  The unrealized losses on equity investments were primarily 
attributable to normal market fluctuations.  The Company does not currently intend to sell nor does 
it expect to be required to sell any of the securities in an unrealized loss position.  Based upon the 
Company’s  expected  continuation  of  receipt  of  contractually  required  principal  and  interest 
payments and its intent and ability to retain the securities until price recovery, as well as the  

29 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Company’s  evaluation  of  other  relevant  factors,  the  Company  deems  these  securities  to  be 
temporarily impaired as of December 31, 2018 and 2017. 

Cost Method Investments  

The Company  held equity  investments with  an  aggregate cost of $12,118,617 at December 31, 
2018.  These equity investments were not reported at fair value  because  it  is not practicable to 
estimate  their  fair  values  due  to  insufficient  information  being  available.  Management  did  not 
identify any events or changes in circumstances that might have a significant adverse effect on the 
reported value of those investments.  Based on Management's evaluation of the expected cash 
flow  of  the  investments,  and  the  Company's  ability  and  intent  to  hold  the  investments  for  a 
reasonable  period  of  time,  the  Company  does  not  deem  an  other-than-temporary  impairment 
necessary at December 31, 2018.  

Trading Securities 

Securities designated as trading securities are reported at fair value, with gains or losses resulting 
from changes in fair value recognized in net investment income on the Consolidated Statements of 
Operations.  Trading Securities included exchange-traded equities and exchange-traded options.  
Trading securities carried  as liabilities  were securities sold short.   A  gain,  limited to the price at 
which the security was sold short, or a loss, potentially unlimited in size, was recognized upon the 
termination of the short sale.  Earnings from trading securities were classified in cash flows from 
operating  activities.  The  Company  did  not  hold  any  trading  securities  at  December  31,  2018  or 
2017.    

The following table reflects trading securities revenue charged to net investment income for the 
periods ended December 31: 

2018 

2017 

Net unrealized gains (losses) 
Net realized gains (losses)  
Net unrealized and realized gains 
(losses) 

$ 

$ 

0 
0 

0 

(111,531) 
110,470 

$ 

(1,061) 

Mortgage Loans on Real Estate 

The Company, from time to time, acquires mortgage loans through participation agreements with 
FSNB.  FSNB has been able to provide the Company with additional expertise and experience in 
underwriting commercial and residential mortgage loans, which provide more attractive yields than 
the traditional bond market.  The Company is able to receive participations from FSNB for three 
primary reasons:  1) FSNB has already reached its maximum lending limit to a single borrower, but 
the borrower is still considered a suitable risk; 2) the interest rate on a particular loan may be fixed 
for a long period that is more suitable for UG given its asset-liability structure; and 3) FSNB’s loan 
growth might at times outpace its deposit growth, resulting in FSNB participating such excess loan 
growth rather than turning customers away.  For originated loans, the Company’s Management is 
responsible for the final approval of such loans after evaluation.  Before a new loan is issued, the 
applicant is subject to certain criteria set forth by Company Management to ensure quality control.  
These criteria include, but are not limited to, a credit report, personal financial information such as 
outstanding  debt,  sources  of  income,  and  personal  equity.    Once  the  loan  is  approved,  the 
Company directly funds the loan to the borrower.  The Company bears all risk of loss associated 
with the terms of the mortgage with the borrower.  

30 

 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
During  2018  and  2017,  the  Company  acquired  $91,954  and  $360,531  in  mortgage  loans, 
respectively,  of  participation  mortgage  loans.    FSNB  services  the  majority  of  the  Company’s 
mortgage loan portfolio. The Company pays FSNB a .25% servicing fee on these loans and a one-
time fee at loan origination of .50% of the original loan cost to cover costs incurred by FSNB relating 
to the processing and establishment of the loan.    

During 2018 and 2017, the maximum and minimum lending rates for mortgage loans were: 

2018 

2017 

Maximum  
rate 

  Minimum 

  Maximum 

  Minimum 

rate 

rate 

rate 

Farm Loans 
Commercial Loans 
Residential Loans 

5.00 % 
7.50 % 
8.00 % 

5.00 % 
4.00 % 
8.00 % 

5.00 % 
7.50 % 
8.00 % 

5.00 % 
4.00 % 
4.00 % 

Most mortgage loans are first position loans.  Loans issued are generally limited to no more than 
80% of the appraised value of the property.   

The Company has in place a monitoring system to provide Management with information regarding 
potential troubled loans.  Letters are sent to each mortgagee when the loan becomes 30 days or 
more delinquent.  Management is provided with a monthly listing of loans that are 60 days or more 
past due.  All loans 90 days or more past due are placed on a non-performing status and classified 
as delinquent loans.  Quarterly, coinciding with external financial reporting, the Company reviews 
each delinquent loan and determines how each delinquent loan should be classified.  Management 
believes the current internal controls surrounding the mortgage loan selection process provide a 
quality portfolio with minimal risk of foreclosure and/or negative financial impact.  

Changes in the current economy could have a negative impact on the loans, including the financial 
stability of the borrowers, the borrowers’ ability to pay or to refinance, the value of the property held 
as collateral and the ability to find purchasers at favorable prices.  Interest accruals are analyzed 
based on the likelihood of repayment.  In no event will interest continue to accrue when accrued 
interest along with the outstanding principal exceeds the net realizable value of the property.  The 
Company does not utilize a specified number of days delinquent to cause an automatic non-accrual 
status.   

A mortgage loan reserve is established and adjusted based on Management's quarterly analysis 
of the portfolio and any deterioration in value of the underlying property which would reduce the net 
realizable value of the property below its current carrying value.  The mortgage loan reserve was 
$0 at December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017.  

The following table summarizes the mortgage loan holdings of the Company for the periods ended 
December 31: 

2018 

2017 

In good standing 
Overdue interest over 90 days 
Restructured 
In process of foreclosure 
Total mortgage loans 
Total foreclosed loans during the year 

$ 

$ 
$ 

7,169,272 
1,899,839 
0 
0 
9,069,111 
0 

$ 

$ 
$ 

15,310,941 
0 
0 
2,003,536 
17,314,477 
0 

31 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Investment Real Estate 

Investment real estate held for sale is reported at the lower of cost or fair value less cost to sell.  
Real  estate  acquired  through  foreclosure,  consisting  of  properties  obtained  through  foreclosure 
proceedings or acceptance of a deed in lieu of foreclosure, is reported on an individual asset basis 
at the lower of cost or fair value, less disposal costs. Fair value is determined on the basis of current 
appraisals, comparable sales, and other estimates of value obtained principally from independent 
sources. When properties are acquired through foreclosure, any excess of the loan balance at the 
time of foreclosure over the fair value of the real estate held as collateral is recognized and charged 
to the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Based upon Management’s evaluation of the real 
estate acquired through foreclosure, additional expense is recorded when necessary in an amount 
sufficient  to  reflect  any  declines  in  estimated  fair  value.  Gains  and  losses  recognized  on  the 
disposition  of  the  properties  are  recorded  as  realized  gains  and  losses  in  the  Consolidated 
Statements of Operations. 

Notes Receivable 

Notes receivable represent collateral loans and promissory notes issued by the Company and are 
reported at their unpaid principal balances, adjusted for valuation allowances. Valuation allowances 
are established for impaired loans when it is probable that contractual principal and interest will not 
be collected. The valuation allowance as of December 31, 2018 and 2017 was $0. Interest accruals 
are  analyzed  based  on  the  likelihood  of  repayment.    The  Company  does  not  utilize  a  specified 
number of days delinquent to cause an automatic non-accrual status.   

Before  a  new  note  is  issued,  the  applicant  is  subject  to  certain  criteria  set  forth  by  Company 
Management to ensure quality control.  Once the note is approved, the Company directly funds the 
note to the borrower.  Several of the  notes have participation agreements in place,  whereas the 
Company has reduced its investment in the note receivable by participating a portion of the note to 
a third party.  

Similar to the mortgage loans, FSNB services several of the notes receivable. The Company, and 
the participants in the notes, share in the risk of loss associated with the terms of the note with the 
borrower,  based  upon  their  ownership  percentage  in  the  note.    The  Company  has  in  place  a 
monitoring system to provide Management with information regarding potential troubled loans.    

Analysis of Investment Operations 

The following table reflects the Company’s net investment income for the periods ended December 
31: 

Fixed maturities 
Equity securities 
Trading securities 
Mortgage loans 
Real estate 
Notes receivable 
Policy loans 
Cash and cash equivalents 
Short-term 
Total consolidated investment income 
Investment expenses 
Consolidated net investment income 

$ 

$ 

32 

2018 

2017 

7,273,157 
1,628,649 
0 
1,234,115 
2,771,348 
979,742 
646,993 
355,276 
18,159 
14,907,439 
(3,704,771) 
11,202,668 

  $ 

  $ 

8,685,698 
1,213,922 
(1,061) 
1,191,865 
1,990,844 
1,322,675 
664,116 
23,445 
1,263 
15,092,767 
(3,391,769) 
11,700,998 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The following table presents the Company’s net realized investments gains (losses) and the change 
in net unrealized gains on available-for-sale investments for the periods ended December 31: 

2018 

2017 

Realized gains on available-for-sale investments: 
   Sales of fixed maturities 
Sales of equity securities (1) 
   Sales of real estate 
   Other 
   Total realized gains 
Realized losses on available-for-sale 

investments: 

   Sales of fixed maturities 
   Sales of equity securities (1) 
   Sales of real estate 
   Other-than-temporary impairments 
   Other 
   Total realized losses 
      Net realized investment gains (losses) 
Change in fair value of equity securities: (1) 
   Realized gains (losses) on equity securities 

sold during the period (1) 

   Change in fair value of equity securities held at 

the end of the period 

   Change in fair value of equity securities (1) 
      Net investment gains (losses) 
Change in net unrealized gains (losses) on 

available-for-sale investments included in other 
comprehensive income: 

   Fixed maturities 
   Equity securities (1) 
   Net increase (decrease) 

  $ 

11,708,320 

  $ 

0 

1,588,122 
0 
13,296,442 

(956,365) 
0 
0 
(300,000) 
0 
(1,256,365) 
12,040,077 

3,950,014 
2,902,278 
3,622,519 

10,474,811 

(72,560) 
0 
(522,965) 
(762,161) 
0 
(1,357,686) 
9,117,125 

0 

0 

10,416,758 
10,416,758 
22,456,835 

  $ 

  $ 

0 
0 
9,117,125 

  $ 

  $ 

(7,744,899) 
0 
(7,744,899) 

  $ 

  $ 

3,470,929 
13,703,197 
17,174,126 

(1)Effective January 1, 2018, the Company adopted ASU No. 2016-01. As a result, equity securities 
are no longer classified as available-for-sale with unrealized gains and losses recognized in other 
comprehensive income; rather, all changes in the fair value of equity securities are now recognized 
in net income. Prior periods have not been restated to conform to the current presentation. See 
Note 1.  

Other-Than-Temporary Impairments 

The Company regularly reviews its investment securities for factors that may indicate that a decline 
in fair value of an investment is other than temporary.  The factors considered by Management in 
its  regular  review  to  identify  and  recognize  other-than-temporary  impairment  losses  on  fixed 
maturities include, but are not limited to: the length of time and extent to which the fair value has 
been less than cost; the Company’s intent to sell, or be required to sell, the debt security before 
the anticipated recovery of its remaining amortized cost basis; the financial condition and near-term 
prospects of the issuer; adverse changes in ratings announced by one or more rating agencies; 
subordinated credit support, whether the issuer of a debt security has remained current on principal 
and interest payments; current expected cash flows; whether the decline in fair value appears to 
be issuer specific or, alternatively, a reflection of general market or industry conditions, including 
the effect of changes in market interest rates.  If the Company intends to sell a debt security, or it  

33 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
    
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
is more likely than not that it would be required to sell a debt security before the recovery of its 
amortized cost basis, the entire difference between the security’s amortized cost basis and its fair 
value at the balance sheet date would be recognized by a charge to other-than-temporary losses 
in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.   

Management regularly reviews its real estate portfolio in comparison to appraisal valuations and 
current market conditions for indications of other-than-temporary impairments. If a decline in value 
is judged by Management to be other-than-temporary, a loss is recognized by a charge to other-
than-temporary impairment losses in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.  

The other-than-temporary impairments recognized during 2017 and 2018 were taken as a result of 
Management's assessment and determination of value of the investments. The investments were 
written down to better reflect their current expected value.  

Based on Management’s review of the investment portfolio, the Company recorded the following 
losses for other-than-temporary impairments in the Consolidated Statements of Operations for the 
periods ended December 31: 

2018 

2017 

Other than temporary impairments: 
Real estate 
Mortgage loans 
Total other than temporary 
impairments 

$ 

$ 

300,000 
0 

  $ 

690,000 
72,161 

300,000 

  $ 

762,161 

Investments on Deposit 

The  Company  had  investments  with  a  fair  value  of  $8,317,514  and  $8,642,633  on  deposit  with 
various state insurance departments as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. 

Note 3 – Fair Value Measurements 

The Company measures its assets and liabilities recorded at fair value in the Consolidated Balance 
Sheets  based  on  the  framework  set  forth  in  the  GAAP  fair  value  accounting  guidance.    The 
framework  establishes  a  fair  value  hierarchy  of  three  levels  based  upon  the  transparency  of 
information used in measuring the fair value of assets or liabilities as of the measurement date.  
The fair value hierarchy prioritizes the inputs in the valuation techniques used to measure fair value 
into three categories.  

Level 1 – Valuation is based upon quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets 
that the Company is able to access.  Level 1 fair value is not subject to valuation adjustments.  

Level 2 – Valuation is based upon quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets 
or quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active. In addition, the 
Company may use various valuation techniques or pricing models that use observable inputs to 
measure fair value.  

Level 3 – Valuation is based upon unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market 
activity and are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities. Unobservable inputs reflect 
the Company’s own assumptions about the inputs that market participants would use in pricing the 
asset or liability.   

34 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The Company determines the existence of an active market for an asset or liability based on its 
judgment as to whether transactions for the asset or liability occur in such market with sufficient 
frequency and volume to provide reliable pricing information.  If the Company concludes that there 
has been a significant decrease in the volume and level of activity for an investment in relation to 
normal  market  activity  for  such  investment,  adjustments  to  transactions  and  quoted  prices  are 
made to estimate fair value. 

The inputs used in the valuation techniques employed by the Company are provided by nationally 
recognized  pricing  services,  external  investment  managers  and  internal  resources.    To  assess 
these  inputs,  the  Company’s  review  process  includes,  but  is  not  limited  to  quantitative  analysis 
including benchmarking, initial and ongoing evaluations of methodologies used by external parties 
to calculate fair value, and ongoing evaluations of fair value estimates based on the Company’s 
knowledge and monitoring of market conditions.  

The Company periodically reviews the pricing service provider’s policies and procedures for valuing 
securities. The assumptions underlying  the  valuations from external service providers,  including 
unobservable  inputs,  are  generally  not  readily  available  as  this  information  is  often  deemed 
proprietary.  Accordingly, the Company  is unable to obtain comprehensive  information regarding 
these assumptions and methodologies.  

The Company’s investments in fixed maturity securities available for sale, equity securities, and 
trading securities assets and liabilities are carried at fair value. The following are the Company’s 
methodologies and valuation techniques for assets and liabilities measured at fair value.  

Fixed  maturities  available  for  sale  mainly  consist  of  U.S.  treasury  securities  and  corporate  debt 
securities. The Company employs a market approach to the valuation of securities where there are 
sufficient market transactions involving identical or comparable assets. If sufficient market data is 
not  available  for  identical  or  comparable  assets,  the  Company  uses  an  income  approach  to 
valuation. The majority of the financial instruments included in fixed maturity securities available for 
sale are evaluated utilizing observable inputs; accordingly, they are categorized in either Level 1 
or  Level  2  of  the  fair  value  hierarchy.  However,  in  instances  where  significant  inputs  utilized  in 
valuation of the securities are unobservable, the securities are categorized in Level 3 of the fair 
value hierarchy.  

Corporate securities primarily include fixed rate corporate bonds. Inputs utilized in connection with 
the Company’s valuation techniques relating to this class of securities include recently executed 
transactions, market price quotations, benchmark yields and issuer spreads. Corporate securities 
are categorized in Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.  

U.S. treasury securities are based on quoted prices in active markets and are generally categorized 
in Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy.  

Equity  securities  consist  of  common  and  preferred  stocks  mainly  in  private  equity  investments, 
financial institutions and publicly traded corporations. Equity securities for which there is sufficient 
market data are categorized as Level 1 or 2 in the fair value hierarchy.  For the equity securities in 
which  quoted  market  prices  are  not  available,  the  Company  uses  industry  standard  pricing 
methodologies, including discounted cash flow models that may incorporate various inputs such as 
payment expectations, risk of the investment, market data, and health of the underlying company. 
The inputs are based upon Management's assumptions and available market information. When 
evidence  is  believed  to  support  a  change  to  the  carrying  value  from  the  transaction  price, 
adjustments are made to reflect the expected cash flows, material events and market data. These 
investments are included in Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.  

35 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The  following  table  presents  the  Company’s  assets  and  liabilities  measured  at  fair  value  in  the 
consolidated balance sheet on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2018. 

Level 1 

Level 2 

Level 3 

Total 

Assets 
Fixed Maturities, 

available for sale 

Equity Securities, 

available for sale 

Total 

$  25,660,194 

  $  134,865,746 

  $ 

434,844 

  $  160,960,784 

27,634,283 

10,557,031 

29,473,168 

67,664,482 

$  53,294,477 

  $  145,422,777 

  $  29,908,012 

  $  228,625,266 

The  following  table  presents  the  Company’s  assets  and  liabilities  measured  at  fair  value  in  the 
consolidated balance sheet on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2017. 

Level 1 

Level 2 

Level 3 

Total 

Assets 
Fixed Maturities, 

available for sale 

Equity Securities, 

available for sale (1) 

$ 

2,639,597 

  $  175,437,239 

  $ 

478,389 

  $  178,555,225 

20,436,225 

7,756,435 

30,655,831 

58,848,491 

Total 

$  23,075,822 

  $  183,193,674 

  $  31,134,220 

  $  237,403,716 

The following table provides reconciliations for Level 3 assets measured at fair value on a recurring 
basis. Transfers into and out of Level 3 are recognized as of the end of the quarter in which they 
occur. 

Balance at December 31, 2017 
      Transfers in to Level 3 
       Transfers out of Level 3 
      Total unrealized gains (losses): 
           Included in realized gains (losses) 
           Included in other comprehensive income 
       Purchases 
       Sales 
Balance at December 31, 2018 

Fixed Maturities, 
Available for Sale 

$ 

478,389  $ 

Equity Securities 
(1) 
30,655,831  $ 

0 
0 

0 
(5,118,600) 

Total 
31,134,220 
0 
(5,118,600) 

0 
0 
0 
(43,545) 
434,844  $ 

4,633,751 
0 
1,505,250 
(2,203,064) 
29,473,168  $ 

4,633,751 
0 
1,505,250 
(2,246,609) 
29,908,012 

$ 

(1) Effective January 1, 2018, the Company Adopted ASU No. 2016-01 and equity securities are 
no longer classified as available-for-sale. Prior periods have not been restated to conform to the 
current  presentation.  See  Note  1  to  the  Consolidated  Financial  Statements  for  additional 
information. 

Change in fair value of equity securities included in net 
income (loss) relation to assets held  

December 31, 2018 

December 31, 2017 

$ 

$ 

4,633,751 

0 

36 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The Level 3 securities include one fixed maturity and certain equity securities with unobservable 
inputs.  The  Company  computed  fair  value  of  Level  3  equity  investments  based  on  a  review  of 
current financial information, earnings trends and similar companies in the same industries. 

The Company transferred certain cost method investments out of Level 3 during 2018. Transfers 
occur when there is a lack of observable market information.  

Certain  assets  are  not  carried  at  fair  value  on  a  recurring  basis,  including  investments  such  as 
mortgage loans and policy loans. Accordingly, such investments are only included in the fair value 
hierarchy  disclosure  when  the  investment  is  subject  to  re-measurement  at  fair  value  after  initial 
recognition  and  the  resulting  re-measurement  is  reflected  in  the  Consolidated  Financial 
Statements.  

The carrying values and estimated fair values of certain of the Company’s financial instruments not 
recorded at fair value in the Consolidated Balance Sheets are shown below. Because the fair value 
for all Consolidated Balance Sheet items are not required to be disclosed, the aggregate fair value 
amounts presented below are not reflective of the underlying value of the Company. 

Assets 
Equity securities  
Mortgage loans on real estate 
Investment real estate 
Notes receivable 
Policy loans 
Cash and cash equivalents 

December 31, 2018 

December 31, 2017 

Carrying 
Amount 

Estimated 
Fair 
Value 

Carrying 
Amount 

$  12,118,617  $  12,118,617  $ 

0  $ 

9,069,111 
52,518,577 
23,717,312 
9,204,222 
20,150,162 

9,069,111 
52,518,577 
23,717,312 
9,204,222 
20,150,162 

17,314,477 
50,504,550 
19,004,016 
9,559,142 
25,434,199 

Estimated 
Fair 
Value 

0 
17,314,477 
50,504,550 
19,004,016 
9,559,142 
25,434,199 

The above estimated fair value amounts have been determined based upon the following valuation 
methodologies. Considerable judgment was required to interpret market data in order to develop 
these estimates. Accordingly, the estimates are not necessarily  indicative of the amounts which 
could  be  realized  in  a  current  market  exchange.    The  use  of  different  market  assumptions  or 
estimation methodologies may have a material effect on the fair value amounts. 

The fair values of mortgage loans on real estate are estimated using discounted cash flow analyses 
and interest rates being offered for similar loans to borrowers with similar credit ratings.  The inputs 
used to measure the fair value of our mortgage loans on real estate are classified as Level 3 within 
the fair value hierarchy.  

A portion of the mortgage loans balance consists of discounted mortgage loans. The Company has 
historically purchased non-performing discounted mortgage loans at a deep discount through an 
auction  process  led  by  the  Federal  Government.    In  general,  the  discounted  loans  are  non-
performing and there is a significant amount of uncertainty surrounding the timing and amount of 
cash flows to be received by the Company.  Accordingly, the Company records its investment in 
the discounted loans at its original purchase price, which Management believes approximates fair 
value.  The inputs used to measure the fair value of our discounted mortgage loans are classified 
as Level 3 within the fair value hierarchy. 

Investment real estate is recorded at the lower of the net investment in the real estate or the fair 
value  of  the  real  estate  less  costs  to  sell.    The  determination  of  fair  value  assessments  are 
performed  on  a  periodic,  non-recurring  basis  by  external  appraisal  and  assessment  of  property 
values by Management.  The inputs used to measure the fair value of our investment real estate 
are classified as Level 3 within the fair value hierarchy. 

37 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes receivable are carried at their unpaid principal balances, which approximates fair value. The 
inputs  used  to  measure  the  fair  value  of  the  loans  are  classified  as  Level  3  within  the  fair  value 
hierarchy.  

Policy  loans  are  carried  at  the  aggregate  unpaid  principal  balances  in  the  Consolidated  Balance 
Sheets which approximate fair value, and earn interest at rates ranging from 4% to 8%. Individual 
policy liabilities in all cases equal or exceed outstanding policy loan balances.  The inputs used to 
measure the fair value of our policy loans are classified as Level 3 within the fair value hierarchy.    

The carrying amount of cash and cash equivalents in the Consolidated Balance Sheets approximates 
fair value given the highly liquid nature of the instruments.  The inputs used to measure the fair value 
of our cash and cash equivalents are classified as Level 1 within the fair value hierarchy.    

Note 4 - Reinsurance 

As  is  customary  in  the  insurance  industry,  the  insurance  subsidiary  cedes  insurance  to,  and 
assumes insurance from, other insurance companies under reinsurance agreements.  Reinsurance 
agreements are intended to limit a life insurer's maximum loss on a large or unusually hazardous 
risk or to obtain a greater diversification of risk.  The ceding insurance company remains primarily 
liable  with  respect  to  ceded  insurance  should  any  reinsurer  be  unable  to  meet  the  obligations 
assumed by it.  However, it is the practice of insurers to reduce their exposure to loss to the extent 
that they have been reinsured with other insurance companies.  The Company sets a limit on the 
amount of insurance retained on the life of any one person.  The Company will not retain more than 
$125,000, including accidental death benefits, on any one life. At December 31, 2018, the Company 
had  gross  insurance  in-force  of  $1.1  billion  of  which  approximately  $228  million  was  ceded  to 
reinsurers.  At December 31, 2017, the Company had gross insurance in-force of $1.2 billion of 
which approximately $242 million was ceded to reinsurers.  

The Company's reinsured business is ceded to numerous reinsurers. The Company monitors the 
solvency of its reinsurers in seeking to minimize the risk of loss in the event of a failure by one of 
the parties. The Company  is primarily liable to the insureds even if the reinsurers are unable to 
meet their obligations. The primary reinsurers of the Company are large, well-capitalized entities.  

Most  recently,  UG  utilized  reinsurance  agreements  with  Optimum  Re  Insurance  Company 
(“Optimum”), and Swiss Re Life and Health America Incorporated (“SWISS RE”).  Optimum and 
SWISS RE currently hold  an “A-” (Excellent)  and "A+" (Superior) rating, respectively, from A.M. 
Best, an industry rating company.  The reinsurance agreements were effective December 1, 1993, 
and  covered  most  new  business  of  UG.    Under  the  terms  of  the  agreements,  UG  cedes  risk 
amounts above its retention limit of $100,000 with a minimum cession of $25,000. Ceded amounts 
are  shared  equally  between  the  two  reinsurers  on  a  yearly  renewable  term  (“YRT”)  basis,  a 
common  industry  method.    The  treaty  is  self-administered;  meaning  the  Company  records  the 
reinsurance results and reports them to the reinsurers.  

Also, Optimum is the reinsurer of 100% of the accidental death benefits (“ADB”) in force of UG.  
This coverage is renewable annually at the Company’s option.  Optimum specializes in reinsurance 
agreements with small to mid-size carriers such as UG. 

UG entered into a coinsurance agreement with Park Avenue Life Insurance Company (“PALIC”) 
effective September 30, 1996.  Under the terms of the agreement, UG ceded to PALIC substantially 
all of its then in-force paid-up life insurance policies.  Paid-up life insurance generally refers to non-
premium paying life insurance policies.  Under the terms of the agreement, UG sold 100% of the 
future results of this block of business to PALIC through a coinsurance agreement.  UG continues 
to administer the business for PALIC and receives a servicing fee through a commission allowance 
based on the remaining in-force policies each month.  PALIC has the right to assumption reinsure 
the business, at its option, and transfer the administration.  The Company is not aware of any such  

38 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
plans.  PALIC’s ultimate parent, The Guardian Life Insurance Company of America (“Guardian”), 
currently  holds  an  "A++"  (Superior)  rating  from  A.M.  Best.    The  PALIC  agreement  accounts  for 
approximately 63% of UG’s reinsurance reserve credit, as of December 31, 2018 and 2017.  

On September 30, 1998, UG entered into a coinsurance agreement with The Independent Order 
of Vikings, (IOV) an Illinois fraternal benefit society.  Under the terms of the agreement, UG agreed 
to  assume,  on  a  coinsurance  basis,  25%  of  the  reserves  and  liabilities  arising  from  all  in-force 
insurance  contracts  issued  by  the  IOV  to  its  members.    Effective  October  1,  2017,  the  IOV 
recaptured its coinsurance agreement with UG. The recapture was completed as a step in the IOV's 
decision to exit its insurance business. 

The  Company  does  not  have  any  short-duration  reinsurance  contracts.    The  effect  of  the 
Company's long-duration reinsurance contracts on premiums earned in 2018 and 2017 were as 
follows: 

2018 
Premiums Earned 

2017 

  Premiums Earned 

Direct 
Assumed 
Ceded 
Net Premiums 

$ 

$ 

10,074,892 
1,459 
(2,862,701) 
7,213,650 

  $ 

  $ 

10,407,434 
5,912 
(2,955,989) 
7,457,357 

Note 5 – Cost of Insurance Acquired 

When an insurance company is acquired, the Company assigns a portion of its cost to the right to 
receive future cash flows from insurance contracts existing at the date of the acquisition.  The cost of 
policies purchased represents the actuarially determined present value of the projected future profits 
from  the  acquired  policies.    Cost  of  insurance  acquired  is  amortized  with  interest  in  relation  to 
expected future profits, including direct charge-offs for any excess of the unamortized asset over the 
projected  future  profits.    The  interest  rates  utilized  may  vary  due  to  differences  in  the  blocks  of 
business.  The interest rate utilized in the amortization calculation of the remaining cost of insurance 
acquired  is  12%.  The  amortization  is  adjusted  retrospectively  when  estimates  of  current  or  future 
gross profits to be realized from a group of products are revised. 

Cost of insurance acquired, beginning of year 

$ 

Interest accretion 
Amortization 
Net amortization 

Cost of insurance acquired, end of year 

$ 

2018 

2017 

6,428,292 
866,339 
(1,672,404)  
(806,065) 
5,622,227 

  $ 

  $ 

7,267,397 
967,032 
(1,806,137) 
(839,105) 
6,428,292 

Estimated  net  amortization  expense  of  cost  of  insurance  acquired  for  the  next  five  years  is  as 
follows: 

2019 
2020 
2021 
2022 
2023 

Interest 
Accretion 

769,612 
676,503 
587,120 
501,324 
418,722 

  Amortization 
1,545,518 
1,421,353 
1,302,090 
1,189,672 
1,079,979 

Net 
Amortization 
775,906 
744,850 
714,970 
688,348 
661,257 

39 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Note 6 – Income Taxes 

UTG and UG file separate federal income tax returns. 

Income tax expense (benefit) consists of the following components: 

2018 

2017 

Current tax 
Deferred tax 
Income tax expense (benefit)  $ 

$ 

1,922,542 
1,984,994 
3,907,536 

  $ 

  $ 

751,377 
(2,258,393) 
(1,507,016) 

The  expense  for  income  taxes  differed  from  the  amounts  computed  by  applying  the  applicable 
United States statutory rate of 21% and  35% as of December 31, 2018  and  2017, respectively, 
before income taxes as a result of the following differences: 

Tax computed at statutory rate 
Changes in taxes due to: 
Non-controlling interest 
Small company deduction 
Dividend received deduction 
Tax rate change 
Other 

Income tax expense (benefit) 

2018 

2017 

$ 

3,466,644 

  $ 

1,157,141 

(43,927) 
0 
(170,690) 
0 
655,509 
3,907,536 

  $ 

(1,044) 
(591,074) 
(90,698) 
(1,488,646) 
(492,695) 
(1,507,016) 

$ 

As a result of the TCJA described above in Note 1 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, 
the Company has recognized a decrease to their net deferred tax liability as of December 31, 2017 
in the amount of $7,330,936. The Company has determined that no other changes are required to 
the deferred tax liability, and the current income tax expense is unaffected by this change in the 
law. 

The following table summarizes the major components that comprise the deferred tax liability as 
reflected in the balance sheets: 

2018 

2017 

Investments 
Cost of insurance acquired 
Management/consulting fees 
Future policy benefits 
Deferred gain on sale of subsidiary 
Other assets (liabilities) 
Reserves adjustment 
Federal tax DAC 
Deferred tax liability 

$ 

$ 

6,939,758 
1,180,668 
(15,724) 
(1,670,814) 
1,387,490 
65,573 
1,426,205 
(199,676) 
9,113,480 

  $ 

  $ 

8,166,343 
1,349,941 
(27,202) 
281,576 
1,387,490 
59,095 
0 
(220,839) 
10,996,404 

At December 31, 2018 and 2017, the Company had gross deferred tax assets of $2,723,053 and 
$1,027,203,  respectively,  and  gross  deferred  tax  liabilities  of  $11,836,533  and  $12,023,607, 
respectively, resulting from temporary differences primarily related to the life insurance subsidiary.  
A valuation allowance is to be provided when it is more likely than not that deferred tax assets will 
not  be  realized  by  the  Company.  No  valuation  allowance  has  been  recorded  (except  as  noted 
below)  relating to the Company’s  deferred  tax  assets since,  in  Management’s  judgment, the  

40 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Company will more likely than not have sufficient taxable income in future periods to fully realize 
its existing deferred tax assets.  

The  Company  also  has  a  deferred  tax  asset  of  $43,717  and  $118,693  relating  to  an  AMT  tax 
carryforward as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.  As a result of the changes to the 
Alternative  Minimum  Tax  and  corresponding  credits  resulting  from  the  TCJA,  Management  has 
determined that an allowance against this asset is no longer required.   

The  Company’s  Federal  income  tax  returns  are  periodically  audited  by  the  Internal  Revenue 
Service (“IRS”). There are currently no examinations in process, nor is Management aware of any 
pending examination by the IRS.  The Company follows the accounting guidance for uncertainty in 
income taxes using the provisions of Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) ASC 740, 
Income Taxes. Using that  guidance, tax positions initially need to be recognized in the financial 
statements when it is more-likely-than-not the position will be sustained upon examination by the 
tax authorities. Such tax positions initially and subsequently need to be measured as the largest 
amount  of  tax  benefit  that  has  a  greater  than  50%  likelihood  of  being  realized  upon  ultimate 
settlement with the tax authority assuming full knowledge of the position and relevant facts. The 
Company has evaluated its tax positions, expiring statutes of limitations, changes in tax law and 
new authoritative rulings and believes that no disclosure relative to a provision of income taxes is 
necessary,  at  this  time,  to  cover  any  uncertain  tax  positions.  Tax  years  that  remain  subject  to 
examination are the years ended December 31, 2015, 2016, 2017 and 2018.  

The Company classifies interest and penalties on underpayment of income taxes as income tax 
expense.    No  interest  or  penalties  were  included  in  the  reported  income  taxes  for  the  years 
presented.  The Company is not aware of any potential or proposed changes to any of its tax filings. 

Note 7 – Credit Arrangements 

At December 31, 2018 and 2017, the Company had the following lines of credit available: 

Instrument 

Issue Date 

Maturity 
Date 

Revolving 
Credit Limit 

December 31, 
2016 

Borrowings 

Repayments 

December 
31, 2017 

Lines of Credit: 

   UTG 

   UG 

11/20/2013 

11/20/2019  $ 

8,000,000  $ 

6/2/2015 

5/10/2019 

10,000,000 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0  $ 

0 

0 

0 

The UTG line of credit carries interest at a fixed rate of 5.125% and is payable monthly. As collateral, 
UTG  has  pledged  100%  of  the  common  voting  stock  of  its  wholly  owned  subsidiary,  Universal 
Guaranty Life Insurance Company ("UG").  

During  May  of  2018,  the  Federal  Home  Loan  Bank  approved  UG’s  Cash  Management  Advance 
Application (“CMA”). The CMA gives the Company the option of selecting a variable rate of interest 
for up to 90 days or a fixed rate for a maximum of 30 days. The variable rate CMA is prepayable at 
any time without a fee, while the fixed CMA is not prepayable prior to maturity.   

Note 8 – Commitments and Contingencies 

The insurance industry has experienced a number of civil jury verdicts which have been returned 
against life and health insurers in the jurisdictions in which the Company does business involving 
the insurers' sales practices, alleged agent misconduct, failure to properly supervise agents, and 
other matters.  Some of the lawsuits have resulted in the award of substantial judgments against 
the  insurer,  including  material  amounts  of  punitive  damages.    In  some  states,  juries  have 
substantial discretion in awarding punitive damages in these circumstances.  In the normal course  

41 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
of business, the Company is involved from time to time in various legal actions and other state and 
federal proceedings.  Management is of the opinion that the ultimate disposition of the matters will 
not have a materially adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations or financial position. 

Under the insurance guaranty fund laws in most states, insurance companies doing business in a 
participating  state  can  be  assessed  up  to  prescribed  limits  for  policyholder  losses  incurred  by 
insolvent or failed insurance companies.  Although the Company cannot predict the amount of any 
future assessments, most insurance guaranty fund laws currently provide that an assessment may 
be excused or deferred if it would threaten an insurer's financial strength.  Mandatory assessments 
may be partially recovered through a reduction in future premium tax in some states. The Company 
does not believe such assessments will be materially different from amounts already provided for 
in the condensed consolidated financial statements, though the Company has no control over such 
assessments.  

Within  the  Company’s  trading  accounts,  certain  trading  securities  carried  as  liabilities  represent 
securities sold short.  A gain, limited to the price at which the security was sold short, or a loss, 
potentially unlimited in size, will be recognized upon the termination of the short sale. 

The following table represents the total funding commitments and the unfunded commitment as of 
December 31, 2018 related to certain investments: 

Total Funding 
Commitment 

Unfunded 
Commitment 

$ 

RLF III, LLC 
Sovereign’s Capital, LP Fund I 
Sovereign's Capital, LP Fund II 
Sovereign’s Capital, LP Fund III 
Master Mineral Holdings III, LP 
Barton Springs Music, LLC  

  $ 

4,000,000 
500,000 
1,000,000 
1,000,000 
4,000,000 
2,000,000 

398,120 
24,493 
240,566 
900,000 
1,700,000 
1,158,500 

During 2006, the Company committed to invest in RLF III, LLC (“RLF”), which makes land-based 
investments in  undervalued assets.  RLF makes capital calls  as funds are needed for continued 
land purchases.  

During 2012, the Company committed to invest in Sovereign’s Capital, LP Fund I (“Sovereign’s”), 
which invests in companies in emerging markets. Sovereign’s makes capital calls to investors as 
funds are needed.  

During 2015, the Company committed to invest in Sovereign’s Capital, LP Fund II (“Sovereign’s 
II”), which invests in companies in emerging markets. Sovereign’s II makes capital calls to investors 
as funds are needed.  

During 2018, the Company committed to invest in Sovereign’s Capital, LP Fund III (“Sovereign’s 
III”),  which  invests  in  companies  in  emerging  markets.  Sovereign’s  III  makes  capital  calls  to 
investors as funds are needed.  

During 2018, the Company committed to invest in Master Mineral Holdings III, LP (“MMH”), which 
purchases land for leasing opportunities to those looking to harvest natural resources.  MMH makes 
capital calls to its investors as funds are needed for continued land purchases.   

During  2018,  the  Company  committed  to  invest  in  Barton  Springs  Music,  LLC  (“Barton”),  which 
invests in music royalties.  Barton makes capital calls to its investors as funds are needed to acquire 
the royalty rights.   

42 

 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Note 9 – Shareholders’ Equity 

Stock Repurchase Program – The Board of Directors of UTG has authorized the repurchase in 
the open market or in privately negotiated transactions of UTG's common stock. At a meeting of 
the  Board  of  Directors  in  September  of  2018,  the  Board  of  Directors  of  UTG  authorized  the 
repurchase of up to an additional $1.5 million of UTG's common stock, for a total repurchase of 
$16  million.  Company  Management  has  broad  authority  to  operate  the  program,  including  the 
discretion of whether to purchase shares and the ability to suspend or terminate the program. Open 
market purchases are made based on the last available market price but may be limited.  During 
2018,  the  Company  repurchased  50,922  shares  through  the  stock  repurchase  program  for 
$1,329,148.  Through  December  31,  2018,  UTG  has  spent  $13,863,728  in  the  acquisition  of 
1,140,106 shares under this program. 

Director  Compensation  -  Effective  September  18,  2013,  a  compensation  arrangement  was 
approved whereby each outside Director annually received $8,000 as a retainer and $1,000 per 
meeting  attended.    In  September  2018  the  compensation  arrangement  was  amended,  effective 
January 1, 2018 whereby each outside Director annually received $5,000 as a retainer and $2,500 
per meeting attended.  All other provisions from the September 2013 arrangement remained the 
same.      The  compensation  is  to  be  paid  in  the  form of  UTG,  Inc.  common  stock.   The  value  is 
determined  annually  on  the  close  of  business  December  20th  or  the  next  business  day  should 
December 20th be a weekend or holiday, based on the activity of the year just ending.  Reasonable 
travel expenses are reimbursed in cash as incurred.  UTG’s Director Compensation policy provides 
that Directors who are employees of UTG or its affiliates do not receive any compensation for their 
services as Directors except for reimbursement for reasonable travel expenses for attending each 
meeting.  

In December of 2018, the Company issued 2,994 shares of its common stock as compensation to 
the Directors. The shares were valued at $32.50 per share, the market value at the date of issue. 
During 2018, the Company recorded $97,305 in operating expense related to the stock issuance.  
In December of 2017, the Company issued 2,560 shares of its common stock as compensation to 
the Directors. The shares were valued at $25.00 per share, the market value at the date of issue. 
During 2017, the Company recorded $64,000 in operating expense related to the stock issuance.    

Other Compensation - During 2018, the Company issued 10,421 shares of stock to management 
and employees as compensation at a cost of $263,507.  During 2017, The Company issued 11,285 
shares of stock to management and employees as compensation at a cost of $197,487.  These 
awards are determined at the discretion of the Board of Directors. 

Earnings  Per  Share  -  The  following  is  a  reconciliation  of  basic  and  diluted  weighted  average 
shares outstanding used in the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share: 

Basic weighted average shares outstanding 
Weighted average dilutive options outstanding 
Diluted weighted average shares outstanding 

2018 
3,307,448 
0 
3,307,448 

2017 
3,346,774 
0 
3,346,774 

The computation of diluted earnings per share is the same as basic earnings per share for the years 
ending December 31, 2018 and 2017, as there were no outstanding securities, options or other offers 
that give the right to receive or acquire common shares of UTG.  

Statutory Restrictions – Restrictions exist on the flow of funds to UTG from its insurance subsidiary.  
Statutory  regulations  require  life  insurance  subsidiaries  to  maintain  certain  minimum  amounts  of 
capital  and  surplus.  UG  is  required  to  maintain  minimum  statutory  surplus  of  $2,500,000.  At 
December 31, 2018, substantially all of the consolidated shareholders' equity represents net assets 
of UTG’s subsidiaries.   

43 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
UG  is  domiciled  in  the  state  of  Ohio.  Ohio  requires  notification  within  five  business  days  to  the 
insurance commissioner following the declaration of any ordinary dividend and at least ten calendar 
days prior to payment of such dividend.  Ordinary dividends are defined as the greater of: a) prior 
year  statutory  net  income  or  b)  10%  of  statutory  capital  and  surplus.    Extraordinary  dividends 
(amounts  in  excess  of  ordinary  dividend  limitations)  require  prior  approval  of  the  insurance 
commissioner and are not restricted to a specific calculation.  UG paid ordinary dividends of $5 million 
and $2 million to UTG in 2018 and 2017, respectively. No extraordinary dividends were paid during 
the two year period. UTG used the dividends received during 2018 and 2017 to purchase outstanding 
shares of UTG stock and for general operations of the Company. 

Note 10 - Statutory Accounting 

The insurance subsidiary prepares its statutory-based financial statements in accordance with 
accounting practices prescribed or permitted by the Ohio Department of Insurance.  These 
principles differ significantly from accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of 
America.  "Prescribed" statutory accounting practices include state laws, regulations, and general 
administrative rules, as well as a variety of publications of the National Association of Insurance 
Commissioners (NAIC).  "Permitted" statutory accounting practices encompass all accounting 
practices that are not prescribed; such practices may differ from state to state, from company to 
company within a state, and may change in the future.    

The following table reflects UG’s statutory basis net income and capital and surplus (shareholders’ 
equity) as of December 31: 

2018 

2017 

Net income (loss) 
Capital and surplus 

$ 

6,166,411 
60,024,931 

 $ 

5,356,483 
54,717,987 

Note 11 – Related Party Transactions 

The articles of incorporation of UG contain the following language under item 12 relative to related 
party transactions:  

A director shall not be disqualified from-dealing with or contracting with the corporation as vendor, 
purchaser;  employee,  agent  or  otherwise;  nor,  in  the  absence  of  fraud,  shall  any  transaction  or 
contract or act of this corporation be void or in any way affected or invalidated by the fact that any 
director or any firm of which any director is a member or any corporation of which any director is a 
shareholder, director or officer is in any way interested in such transaction or contract or act, provided 
the fact that such director or such firm or such corporation so interested shall be disclosed or shall be 
known to the Board of Directors or such members thereof as shall be present at any meeting of the 
Board of Directors at which action upon any such contract or transaction or act shall be taken: nor 
shall  any  such  director  be  accountable  .or  responsible  to  the  company  for  or  in  respect  to  such 
transaction or contract or act of. this corporation or for any gains or profits realized by him by reason 
of the fact that he or any firm of which he is a member or any corporation of which he is a shareholder, 
director or officer is interested in such action or contract; and any such director may be counted in 
determining the existence of a quorum of any meeting of the Board of Directors of the company which 
shall authorize or take action in respect to any such contract or transaction or act and may vote thereat 
to authorize, ratify, or approve any such contract or transaction or act, with like force and effect as if 
he or any firm of which he is a member or any corporation of which he is a shareholder, director or 
officer were not interested in such transaction or contract or act. 

On February 20, 2003, UG purchased $4 million of a trust preferred security offering issued by First 
Southern Bancorp, Inc. (“FSBI”).  The security has a mandatory redemption after 30 years with a call 
provision after 5 years.  The security pays a quarterly dividend at a fixed rate of 6.515%. The  

44 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Company  received  dividends  of  $283,151  and  $259,138  during  2018  and  2017,  respectively.  On 
March  30,  2009,  UG  purchased  $1  million  of  FSBI  common  stock.    The  sale  and  transfer  of  this 
security is restricted by the provisions of a stock restriction and buy-sell agreement.  During 2018, the 
Company received a preferred pay down of $440,000 leaving a cost basis of $3,560,000.  

UTG has a 30.10% ownership interest in an aircraft that is jointly owned with First Southern National 
Bank and Bandyco, LLC. Bandyco, LLC is affiliated with the Estate of Ward F. Correll. Mr. Correll is 
the father of Jesse Correll and a former director of the Company. The aircraft is used for business 
related travel by various officers and employees of the Company. For years 2018 and 2017, UTG 
paid $391,851 and $328,933 for costs associated with the aircraft, respectively.  

Effective January 1, 2007, UTG entered into administrative services and cost sharing agreements 
with its subsidiary. Under this arrangement, the subsidiary pays its proportionate share of expenses, 
based  on  an  allocation  formula.  During  2018  and  2017,  UG  paid  $7,093,227  and  $7,213,590, 
respectively,  in  expenses.  The  Ohio  Department  of  Insurance  has  approved  the  cost  sharing 
agreement and it is Management’s opinion that where applicable, costs have been allocated fairly 
and such allocations are based upon accounting principles generally accepted in the United States 
of America.  

The  Company  from  time  to  time  acquires  mortgage  loans  through  participation  agreements  with 
FSNB.  FSNB services the Company's mortgage loans including those covered by the participation 
agreements.  The Company pays a .25% servicing fee on these loans and a one-time fee at loan 
origination of .50% of the original loan cost to cover costs incurred by FSNB relating to the processing 
and establishment of the loan.  The Company paid $8,393 and $11,108 in servicing fees and $0 and 
$0 in origination fees to FSNB during 2018 and 2017, respectively.  

Effective January 1, 2017, UTG entered into a shared services contract with FSNB. Pursuant to the 
terms of the agreement, UTG and FSNB will utilize the services of the other’s staff in certain instances 
for  the  betterment  of  both  entities.  Personnel  within  departments,  such  as  accounting,  human 
resources, and information technology, are shared between the entities. Costs of these resources 
are then reimbursed between the companies.  The shared services arrangement provides benefits to 
both parties such as access to a greater pool of knowledgeable staff, efficiencies from elimination of 
redundancies and more streamlined operations.  

The Company reimbursed expenses incurred by employees of FSNB relating to salaries, travel and 
other  costs  incurred  on  behalf  of  or  relating  to  the  Company  and  received  reimbursements  from 
FSNB. The Company paid $571,648 and $186,251 in 2018 and 2017, respectively to FSNB in net 
reimbursement of such costs. In addition, the Company reimburses FSNB a portion of salaries and 
pension costs for Mr. Correll and Mr. Ditto. The reimbursement was approved by the UTG Board of 
Directors and totaled $307,645 and $346,486 in 2018 and 2017, respectively, which included salaries 
and other benefits. 

The Company rents approximately 8,000 square feet of office space, located in Stanford, Kentucky, 
from FSNB and pays $2,000 per month in rent. The Company paid rent of $24,000 to FSNB during 
2018 and 2017. 

As  previously  disclosed  in  the  Notes  Receivable  section  of  Note  2  -  Investments,  several  of  the 
Company’s  notes  have  participation  agreements  in  place  with  third  parties.    Certain  participation 
agreements are with FSF, a related party.  The participation agreements are sold without recourse 
and assigned to the participant based on their pro-rata share of the principal, interest and collateral 
as  specified  in  the  participation  agreements.  The  undivided  participations  in  the  notes  receivable 
range from 20% - 50%.  The total amount of loans participated to FSF was $250,000 as of December 
31, 2018 and 2017.   

45 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
During 2016, UG and FSF established a partnership agreement and formed a limited liability company 
to  purchase  real  estate.  FSF  contributed  $140,000  to  the  partnership,  which  gave  them  a  10% 
ownership in the LLC. The property held by this LLC was sold in January of 2019 and the funds from 
the sale were subsequently distributed to the members.  The LLC is expected to be dissolved during 
2019. 

Note 12 – Other Cash Flow Disclosures 

On a cash basis, the Company paid the following expenses for the periods ended December 31: 

Interest 
Federal income tax 

$ 

0 
1,592,000 

  $ 

0 
165,000 

2018 

2017 

Note 13 – Concentrations 

The Company maintains cash balances in financial institutions that at times may exceed federally 
insured  limits.  The  Company  maintains  its  primary  operating  cash  accounts  with  First  Southern 
National Bank, an affiliate of the largest shareholder of UTG, Mr. Jesse T. Correll, the Company’s 
CEO and Chairman. The Company has not experienced any losses in such accounts and believes 
it is not exposed to any significant credit risk on cash and cash equivalents.  

Because UTG serves primarily individuals located in four states, the ability of our customers to pay 
their insurance premiums is impacted by the economic conditions in these areas.  As of December 
31,  2018  and  2017,  approximately  56%  and  55%,  respectively,  of  the  Company’s  total  direct 
premium was collected from Illinois, Ohio, Texas and West Virginia. Thus, results of operations are 
heavily dependent upon the strength of these economies.  

The  Company  reinsures  that  portion  of  insurance  risk  which  is  in  excess  of  its  retention  limits. 
Retention limits range up to $125,000 per life.  Life insurance ceded represented 20% of total life 
insurance in force at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.  Insurance ceded represented 
35% and 36% of premium income for 2018 and 2017, respectively. The Company would be liable 
for the reinsured risks ceded to other companies to the extent that such reinsuring companies are 
unable to meet their obligations.  

The  Company  owns  a  variety  of  investments  associated  with  the  oil  and  gas  industry.    These 
investments represented approximately 25% and 27% of the Company’s total invested assets at 
December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. 

Note 14 – Selected Quarterly Financial Data 

As a smaller reporting company, as defined by Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act and Item 10(f)(1) of 
Regulation  S-K,  the  Company  has  elected  to  comply  with  certain  scaled  disclosure  reporting 
obligations, and therefore does not have to provide the information required by this item.  

46 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
BOARD OF DIRECTORS 

EXECUTIVE OFFICERS 

Jesse T. Correll 
Chairman of the Board and  
Chief Executive Officer 

James P. Rousey 
President 

Theodore C. Miller 
Senior Vice President, 
Chief Financial Officer and 
Corporate Secretary 

Douglas P. Ditto 
Vice President 

Randall L. Attkisson 
Partner of Bluegrass Financial Holdings 

Joseph A. Brinck, II 
Chief Executive Officer, Stelter & Brinck, LTD 

Jesse T. Correll 
Chairman, President and Director 
of First Southern Bancorp, Inc. 

Preston H. Correll  
Founder, Marksbury Farm Market and  
Owner, St. Asaph Farm  

John M. Cortines 
Chief Operating Officer, Generous Giving 

Thomas F. Darden, II 
Founder and Chief Executive Officer 
of Cherokee 

Howard L. Dayton, Jr. 
Founder and Chief Executive Officer of 
Compass – finances God’s way 

Thomas E. Harmon 
Owner and President of Harmon Foods, Inc. 

Gabriel J. Molnar 
Chief Financial Officer, Capstone Realty, Inc. 

Peter L. Ochs 
Founder of Capital III and  
Founding Member of Trinity Academy 

James P. Rousey 
President 

47 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
SHAREHOLDER INFORMATION 

Annual Meeting 
The 2019 Annual Meeting of Shareholders will be held on Wednesday, June 12, 2019 at 9:30 a.m. 
eastern time at 205 North Depot Street, Stanford, Kentucky 40484.  All shareholders are welcome to 
attend and to take part in the discussion of Company affairs. 

Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases 
of Equity Securities 

The Registrant is a public company whose common stock is traded in the over-the-counter market.  
Over-the-counter quotations can be obtained using the UTGN stock symbol. 

The following table shows the high and low closing prices for each quarterly period during the past 
two  years, without retail mark-up, mark-down or commission and may not necessarily represent 
actual transactions.  The quotations below were acquired from the Yahoo Finance web site, which 
also provides quotes for over-the-counter traded securities such as UTG. 

2018 

2017 

Period 

High 

Low 

High 

Low 

First quarter 
Second quarter 
Third quarter 
Fourth quarter 

25.20 
28.25 
34.00 
33.00 

22.95 
24.00 
26.00 
31.00 

18.25 
21.75 
21.00 
28.00 

17.00 
17.50 
18.85 
19.25 

UTG has not declared or paid any dividends on its common stock in the past two fiscal years, and 
has no current plans to pay dividends on its common stock as it intends to retain all earnings for 
investment in and growth of the Company’s business.  See Note 9 – Shareholders’ Equity in the 
Notes  to  the  Consolidated  Financial  Statements  for  information  regarding  dividend  restrictions, 
including  applicable  restrictions  on  the  ability  of  the  Company’s  life  insurance  subsidiary  to  pay 
dividends. 

As of January 31, 2019 there were 5,258 record holders of UTG common stock. 

Purchases of Equity Securities 

The following table provides information with respect to purchases we made of our common stock 
during the three months ended December 31, 2018 and total repurchases: 

Total 
Number of 
Shares 
Purchased 

Oct. 1 through Oct. 31, 2018 

Nov. 1 through Nov. 30, 2018 

Dec. 1 through Dec. 31, 2018 

Total 

1,062  $ 

1,404  $ 

1,398  $ 

3,864 

Average 
Price 
Paid Per 
Share 

33.00 

32.50 

32.24 

48 

Total Number 
of Shares 
Purchased as 
Part of 
Publicly 
Announced 
Program 

  Maximum 
Number of 
Shares 
That May 
Yet Be 
Purchased 
Under the 
Program 

Approximate 
Dollar Value 
That May Yet 
Be Purchased 
Under the 
Program 

1,062 

1,404 

1,398 

3,864 

N/A 

N/A 

N/A 

$ 

$ 

$ 

2,212,572 

2,166,942 

2,121,872 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The  Board  of  Directors  of  UTG  has  authorized  the  repurchase  in  the  open  market  or  in  privately 
negotiated transactions of UTG's common stock. At a meeting of the Board of Directors in September 
of 2018, the Board of Directors of UTG authorized the repurchase of up to an additional $1.5 million 
of UTG’s common stock, for a total repurchase of $16 million of UTG's common stock in the open 
market or in privately negotiated transactions. Company Management has broad authority to operate 
the  program, including the discretion  of whether to  purchase shares  and the ability  to suspend or 
terminate the program. Open market purchases are made based on the last available market price 
but  may  be  limited.    During  2018,  the  Company  repurchased  50,922  shares  through  the  stock 
repurchase program for $1,329,148. Through December 31, 2018, UTG has spent $13,863,727 in 
the acquisition of 1,140,106 shares under this program. 

49 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Corporate Office 
205 North Depot Street 
Stanford, KY  40484 
(217) 241-6300 

Corporate Website 
www.utgins.com 

Shareholder Services 
The  Company  acts  as  its  own  transfer  agent.    Communications  regarding  stock  transfer,  lost 
certificates  or  changes  of  address  should  be  directed  to  the  Stock  Transfer  Department  at  the 
corporate office address above or telephone (217) 241-6410. 

Certified Public Accountants 
Brown Smith Wallace LLP 
St. Louis, Missouri 

Request for Information 
Shareholders may receive a copy, without charge, of the annual report, Form 10-K, or Form 10-Q 
upon written request.  Copies of Form 10-K or Form 10-Q are also available electronically at our Web 
site address at www.utgins.com or the Securities and Exchange Commission’s Web site address at 
www.sec.gov. 

50