VDM GROUP LIMITED and its Controlled Entities ABN 95 109 829 334 2018 ANNUAL REPORT VDM GROUP LIMITED CORPORATE INFORMATION DIRECTORS Mr Luk Hiuming Dr Hua Dongyi Mr Michael Fry Non-executive Chairman Executive Director of Mining Non-executive Director CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER Mr Sam Diep (until 28 August 2017) COMPANY SECRETARY AND CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER (ACTING) Mr Michael Fry REGISTERED AND PRINCIPAL OFFICE Suite 2, Level 2, 123 Adelaide Terrace East Perth WA 6004 Telephone (08) 9265 1100 Facsimile (08) 9265 1199 Website www.vdmgroup.com.au POSTAL ADDRESS PO Box 3347 East Perth WA 6892 AUDITORS Ernst & Young 11 Mounts Bay Road Perth WA 6000 SHARE REGISTER Computershare Investor Services Pty Limited GPO Box 2975 Melbourne, VIC 3001 Telephone 1300 850 505 (outside Australia) +61 3 9415 4000 VDM Group Limited shares are listed on the Australian Securities Exchange (ASX) ASX Code VMG ACN ABN 109 829 334 95 109 829 334 In this report, the following definitions apply: “Board” means the Board of Directors of VDM Group Limited “Company” means VDM Group Limited ABN 95 109 829 334 “VDM” or “Group” means VDM Group Limited and its controlled entities VDM GROUP LIMITED CONTENTS FROM THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR OF MINING ................................................ 2 DIRECTORS’ REPORT .................................................................................. 3 REMUNERATION REPORT ............................................................................. 8 AUDITOR’S INDEPENDENCE DECLARATION ................................................. 16 CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME .......................... 17 CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION ................................. 18 CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS ............................................. 19 CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY .................................. 20 NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS ............................. 21 DIRECTORS’ DECLARATION ....................................................................... 68 INDEPENDENT AUDITOR’S REPORT ............................................................ 69 ASX ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ................................................................ 74 1 VDM GROUP LIMITED DIRECTORS’ REPORT FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2018 FROM THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR OF MINING Dear Shareholders Over the course of the past year VDM’s focus has continued to be in the area of Mining, being the business sector that is expected to provide the best investment returns for shareholders and position your Company for long term success. Business overview VDM Mining: Pleasingly, despite significant delays, VDM and its Cachoeiras do Binga (CdB) partners were able to resolve the safety hazards and concerns at site to enable exploration activities to commence including mapping, geophysics and most recently the commencement of a drilling program in mid-June 2018 which is ongoing at the time of this report. The CdB partners are grateful for the assistance and cooperation from the Government of Angola, the exploration contractor, and technical services contractor SRK Consulting in addressing the safety situation. All parties remain committed to the project and to completing the exploration program. Our focus areas for VDM mining over the next 12 months are to: 1) substantially complete a mineral resource estimate for CdB, which I expect will be the first step towards a full copper mining feasibility study for the project; and 2) bring a second major African resource asset into the Company’s mining portfolio. The above two goals will require VDM to establish strong relationships with partners who understand and see the potential in the investment opportunities available to VDM and are able to provide the funding support that VDM requires. To this end, VDM was extremely pleased to welcome CF International Limited as a major shareholder in March of this year through a $4 million placement which was conducted at a significant premium to the Company’s share price at the time. As VDM progresses it will require the support of partners like CF International Pty Ltd. I remain confident that the Company’s investment in CdB will provide healthy returns for our shareholders and partners and that the addition of a second large mining project is within VDM’s grasp and when achieved will be a very positive development for VDM. VDM Construction: VDM Construction has scaled-down significantly, and VDM is no longer pursuing opportunities for involvement in the Australian building and infrastructure sectors. VDM continues to retain capability and will review the situation on an ongoing basis. VDM Trading: VDM Trading continues to have a very low-cost base while we continue to explore for partnership opportunities. Safety and Environment It is my pleasure to report that VDM has had another outstanding safety performance with no Lost Time Injuries in the year and a LTIFR of nil. Safety is a fundamental plank of VDM’s business and we will continue to ensure that safety is a top priority. Corporate The board has decided that VDM’s CEO position shall continue to remain vacant whilst I focus on progressing the CdB exploration program, the bringing in of a second major African resource asset into the Company’s mining portfolio and further capital raisings sufficient to ensure that VDM is well- funded to achieve its goals. I wish to thank my fellow directors, our employees, and all VDM stakeholders for their service and support to the Company. I am especially grateful to our largest shareholder, Australia Kengkong Investments Co Pty Ltd, who has continued to financially back VDM’s business strategy for this past year. Dr Hua Dongyi Executive Director of Mining 2 VDM GROUP LIMITED DIRECTORS’ REPORT FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2018 DIRECTORS’ REPORT Your directors submit their report of VDM Group Limited (“the Company”) and of the Consolidated Entity, being the Company and its controlled entities (“VDM” or “the Group”) for the year ended 30 June 2018. 1. DIRECTORS Current Directors The names and details of the directors of VDM Group Limited in office during the year and until the date of this report are as follows: Directors were in office for the entire year unless otherwise stated. Mr Luk Hiuming Non-Executive Chairman Appointed Non-Executive Director on 21 March 2014, appointed Non-Executive Chairman on 29 January 2015 Member of the Audit & Risk Committee Mr Luk has abundant experience in an extensive range of business sectors, including textile & clothing, pharmaceutical, steel, real estates, manufacturing mining, natural resources, new energy and oil and gas. Apart from businesses in mainland China, he also has extensive international experience in various industries around the globe. Mr Luk is currently Chairman of Australia Kengkong Investments Co Pty Ltd. Dr Hua Dongyi Executive Director of Mining Appointed Director on 28 August 2013, appointed Managing Director on 9 September 2013, appointed Executive Chairman and Interim CEO on 29 November 2013, appointed Managing Director and CEO on 29 January 2015, appointed Executive Director of Mining on 1 March 2016. Member of the Audit & Risk Committee Doctorate of Engineering Dr Hua is the former Vice President, Executive Chairman and CEO of CITIC Pacific Mining, a position he held from October 2009 until April 2013. He was previously with Beijing-based CITIC Group, which he joined in 2002. Dr Hua has held executive management positions during the past 15 years for construction and resource development projects across Asia, Africa and Latin America in countries such as China, Angola, the Philippines, Pakistan, Brazil and Algeria. Dr Hua is the Vice President of the Australian China Business Council Western Australia. Dr Hua is also Executive Director and CEO of Frontier Services Group Limited, an aviation and logistics company listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange. Mr Michael Fry Chief Financial Officer/Company Secretary Appointed Chief Financial Officer/Company Secretary on 12 February 2018, appointed Non-Executive Director on 3 June 2011 Chairman of the Audit & Risk Committee Bachelor of Commerce Mr Fry is an experienced company manager across a broad range of industry sectors. Mr Fry has a background in accounting and corporate advice having worked with KPMG (Perth) where he qualified as a Chartered Accountant, Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu (Melbourne) and boutique corporate advisory practice Troika Securities Ltd (Perth). From 2006 to 2011, Mr Fry was the Chief Financial Officer and Finance Director at Swick Mining Services Limited, a publicly listed drilling services provider contracting to the mining industry in Australia and North America. Mr Fry is Chief Financial Officer and Company Secretary of Force Commodities Limited an ASX-listed company (ASX:4CE) with exploration projects in Australia and Democratic Republic of Congo, and he is Company Secretary of Globe Metals & Mining Limited an ASX-listed company (ASX:GBE) with exploration projects in Africa. He was previously a director of ASX-listed Cougar Metals NL from 13 October 2014 to 14 June 2017. 3 VDM GROUP LIMITED DIRECTORS’ REPORT FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2018 Company Secretary Mr Michael Fry Appointed 12 February 2018 2. INTERESTS IN THE SHARES AND OPTIONS OF THE COMPANY AND RELATED BODIES CORPORATE As at the date of this report, the interests of the directors in the shares of the Company were: Directors Luk Hiuming Hua Dongyi Michael Fry 3. DIVIDENDS Number of Ordinary Shares 2,070,000,000 1,085,110,976 1,000,000 There were no dividends declared or paid during the year ended 30 June 2018 (2017: nil). 4. NATURE AND PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES VDM is comprised of 3 operating divisions: VDM Mining: mining exploration, development and operation in Africa and Latin America. VDM Trading: export Australian goods to Asian markets & imports Asian goods to Australia. VDM Construction: engineering, procurement and construction. Business activities during the period principally related to: 1) exploration of the Cachoeiras do Binga copper project located in the Republic of Angola; 2) close-out of contracts relating to delivering imported structural steel to VDM’s construction clients, and 3) review of trading opportunities. The business activities of the comparative period principally related to: 1) mobilising the initial exploration team members to the Cachoeiras do Binga copper project located in the Republic of Angola; 2) delivering imported structural steel to VDM’s construction clients, and 3) closing VDM’s former equipment hire and sales business, including winding up the Sany-VDM Joint Venture. General At 30 June 2018, VDM employed 7 people in Western Australia (2017: 9). 5. SIGNIFICANT CHANGES IN THE STATE OF AFFAIRS On 1 February 2018, VDM announced that it entered into a heads of agreement with Jiangxi Copper Company Limited (Jiangxi) in relation to Jiangxi’s participation in the CdB copper project located in the Republic of Angola. Under the agreement it is proposed that Jiangxi and VDM will jointly share in CdB’s ownership and funding, under a joint venture 67% owned by VDM and 33% owned by Jiangxi; and any profits of the joint venture first being allocated to repay VDM its investment in CdB. The agreement is subject to certain conditions including: i) finalisation of a joint venture agreement under Chinese law; ii) obtaining the consent of VDM’s existing CdB JV partners; iii) obtaining any necessary consents from the Government of Angola; iv) Jiangxi completing its due diligence of CdB; and v) both companies contributing initial capital investment into the new joint venture company of RMB 10 million (VDM: 67%, Jiangxi: 33%). As at the date of this report, Jiangxi has not yet completed its due diligence investigations. On 22 March 2018, VDM announced that it had completed a $4 million share placement to CF International Development Limited of Hong Kong, pursuant to the Company’s 15% placement capacity (under ASX Listing Rule 7.1). A total of 400,000,000 new shares were issued to CF International Development Limited at $0.01 per share. The funds are to be used to advance the CdB copper project. 4 VDM GROUP LIMITED DIRECTORS’ REPORT FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2018 6. OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW The Mining division worked with its project partners to overcome safety concerns at site to enable exploration activities to commence at the Company’s CdB copper project in Angola. Notably drilling commenced in mid-June 2018. The CdB exploration program had experienced significant delays, mainly related to potential safety hazards identified at site. The CdB partners received excellent assistance and cooperation from the Government of Angola, exploration contractor Shandong Geo Mineral International, and technical services contractor SRK Consulting in addressing the situation and allowing the exploration program to commence. The Construction division closed out contracts entered into for the delivery of imported structural steel to Western Australian construction clients. The Trading division continued to assess opportunities and to search for a partner to scale the trading business to market-competitive levels. The Board undertook a comprehensive risk review to identify the key risks to VDM’s business. The review included an internal and external stakeholder analysis that identified the diverse needs of the various stakeholders and the potential risks to VDM if those needs are not met. This analysis is updated annually. Risk Funding for debt repayment, advancing the CdB exploration program, and other corporate activities. Size and quality of CdB’s contained mineralisation Operating efficiently and safely in the Republic of Angola Counterparty risks related CdB investment structure and CdB partners Response VDM has entered into a conditional heads of agreement with Jiangxi to provide funding for the CdB project and is working with other potential partners to provide additional funding. This risk cannot be mitigated, however VDM will aim to avoid over-investment by undertaking a phased and well-planned exploration program. VDM’s current Executive Director of Mining has extensive experience and strong relationships in Angola. VDM will utilise Angolan-experienced and reputable exploration contractors and advisors. VDM has maintained good relations with its CdB partners and uses written agreements and formal decision-making processes to avoid potential misunderstandings. Revenue from continuing operations was $563,000 (2017: $1,430,000) a decrease of 60.6% from the prior year reflecting the close-out of structural steel sales agreements within the Construction division, with no new arrangements being entered into. The loss from continuing operations after tax of $2,881,000 (2017: $3,890,000) is 25.9% lower than the prior year, mainly due to a reduction of corporate expenses. Shareholder Loan VDM has a shareholder loan for $9,800,000 (2017: $9,098,000) with its largest shareholder, Australia Kengkong Investments Co Pty Ltd (“Kengkong”) under a Framework Loan Agreement (“FLA”). The FLA contemplates the parties entering into a secured one-year 6% loan facility that will incorporate the FLA liabilities. Until that occurs, the FLA advances plus interest accrued at 6% per annum are immediately repayable in the denominated currency when demanded by Kengkong. 5 VDM GROUP LIMITED DIRECTORS’ REPORT FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2018 7. SIGNIFICANT EVENTS AFTER THE BALANCE DATE On 19 July 2018, the Company announced the appointment of Dr Chris Yu to the position of Exploration and Mine Manager on a permanent basis. Pursuant to the terms of Dr Yu’s remuneration arrangements, Dr Yu was issued 52 million options with an exercise price of 1.6 cents and an expiry date of 31 July 2021. Apart from the above, there have been no significant events occur after 30 June 2018 date and up to the date of this report. 8. LIKELY DEVELOPMENTS AND EXPECTED RESULTS VDM intends to undertake future capital raisings in the 2019 financial year. Funds raised will be used for general corporate working capital, to progress the Cachoeiras do Binga exploration program, to advance other potential business growth opportunities, and to repay the shareholder loan. 9. ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATION AND PERFORMANCE VDM operations are subject to environmental regulations under Commonwealth and State legislation. The Board believes that VDM has adequate systems in place for the management of its environmental requirements and is not aware of any breach of those environmental requirements as they apply to VDM. 10. SHARE OPTIONS As at the date of this report, there were 52 million unissued ordinary shares under option with an exercise price of 1.6 cents (2017: nil). 11. INDEMNIFICATION OF AUDITORS To the extent permitted by law, VDM Group Limited has agreed to indemnify it auditors, Ernst & Young, as part of the terms of its audit engagement agreement against claims by third parties arising from the audit (for an unspecified amount). No payment has been made to indemnify Ernst & Young during or since the financial year. 12. INDEMNIFICATION AND INSURANCE OF DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS VDM Group Limited has agreed to indemnify all the directors and executive officers for any costs or expenses that may be incurred in defending civil or criminal proceedings that may be brought against the officers in their capacity as officers of entities of the consolidated entity for which they may be held personally liable. The Company has paid a premium to insure the directors and officers of the Company and its controlled entities. Details of the premium are subject to a confidentiality clause under the contract of insurance. 6 VDM GROUP LIMITED DIRECTORS’ REPORT FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2018 13. DIRECTORS’ MEETINGS The number of meetings of directors (including meetings of committees of directors) held during the year, and the number of meetings attended by each director, were as follows: Number of meetings held: Number of meetings attended: Luk Hiuming Hua Dongyi Michael Fry Board meetings Audit & Risk Committee meetings 4 4 2 4 2 2 1 2 As at the date of this report, VDM Group had an audit and risk committee of the board of directors. Members acting on the audit and risk committee of the board during the year were Mr Fry (Chair), Dr Hua and Mr Luk. 14. AUDITOR INDEPENDENCE AND NON-AUDIT SERVICES The directors received an Independence Declaration from the auditor of VDM Group Limited, attached on page 16. The directors are satisfied that the provision of non-audit services is compatible with the general standard of independence for auditors imposed by the Corporations Act 2001. Refer to note 30 of the consolidated financial statements for disclosure relating to the cost of non-audit services conducted during the year. ROUNDING The amounts contained in this report and in the financial report have been rounded to the nearest $1,000 (where rounding is applicable) under the option available to the Company under ASIC Instrument 2016/191. The Company is an entity to which the Instrument applies. 7 VDM GROUP LIMITED REMUNERATION REPORT (AUDITED) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2018 REMUNERATION REPORT REMUNERATION REPORT (AUDITED) This remuneration report for the year ended 30 June 2018 outlines the remuneration arrangements of VDM in accordance with the requirements of the Corporations Act 2001 (the Act) and its regulations. This information has been audited as required by section 308(3C) of the Act. The remuneration report details the remuneration arrangements for key management personnel (KMP) of VDM. KMP are defined as those persons having authority and responsibility for planning, directing and controlling the major activities of VDM, directly or indirectly, including any director (whether executive or otherwise) of the parent company. For the purposes of this report, the term 'executive' includes executive directors and other senior executives of VDM and excludes non-executive directors. The remuneration report is presented under the following sections: 1. Individual KMP disclosures 2. Board oversight of remuneration 3. Executive remuneration arrangements 4. Executive remuneration outcomes for 2018 (including link to performance) 5. Executive contracts 6. Non-Executive Director remuneration arrangements 7. Additional statutory disclosure relating to options and shares 8. Loans to key management personnel 9. Other transactions and balances with key management personnel and their related entities 1. INDIVIDUAL KMP DISCLOSURES Details of KMP of VDM are set out below. KMP served for the full year unless noted. Current directors Luk Hiuming Hua Dongyi Michael Fry Current executives Chris Yu Past executives Sam Diep(1) Padraig O’Donoghue Non–Executive Chairman Executive Director of Mining Chief Financial Officer/Company Secretary (Appointed on 12 February 2018) Exploration and Mine Manager (Appointed 19 July 2018) Chief Executive Officer (Employment finished on 29 August 2017) Chief Financial Officer/Company Secretary (Employment ceased 12 February 2018) Notes: 1. S Diep’s employment finished on 29 August 2017 and his position of chief executive officer has not been filled. 2. P O’Donoghue’s employment finished on 12 February 2018 and his position of chief financial officer has not been filled. 2. BOARD OVERSIGHT OF REMUNERATION The Board is responsible for the remuneration arrangements of directors and executives. Based on the Board’s present composition and size, as well as the importance of remuneration decisions, the Board considers this will provide effective governance of these matters. The board assesses the appropriateness of the nature and amount of remuneration of executives on a periodic basis by reference to relevant employment market conditions with the overall objective of ensuring maximum stakeholder benefit from the retention of a high performing directors and executives. 8 VDM GROUP LIMITED REMUNERATION REPORT (AUDITED) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2018 The Board approves the remuneration arrangements of the CEO and other executives and all awards made under the long-term incentive (LTI) and short-term incentive (STI) plans. The Board also sets the aggregate remuneration of NEDs which is then subject to shareholder approval. In accordance with good corporate governance practice, the structure of NED and executive remuneration is separate and distinct. Remuneration report approval at 2017 annual general meeting The 2017 remuneration report received positive shareholder support at the Company’s annual general meeting, with a vote of 89.4% in favour. 3. EXECUTIVE REMUNERATION ARRANGEMENTS Remuneration strategy VDM’s executive remuneration strategy is designed to cost effectively attract, motivate and retain high performing individuals and align the interests of executives and shareholders. To this end, key objectives of the Company’s reward framework are to ensure that remuneration practices: • Are aligned to the VDM’s business strategy; • Offer competitive remuneration benchmarked against the external market; • Provide strong linkage between individual and group performance and rewards; and • Align the interests of executives with shareholders. Fixed remuneration The employment contracts of executives do not include any guarantee of base pay increases. Fixed remuneration is reviewed annually by the Board. The process consists of a review of company, divisional and individual performance, relevant comparative remuneration internally and externally, and where appropriate external advice independent of management. No external advice was received in the current year. Variable remuneration – short term incentive (STI) VDM has Bonus Scheme STI based on the principal of rewarding operational employees from a bonus pool calculated as 30% of divisional earnings results above an annual earnings target and corporate division employees from a bonus pool calculated as the average of divisional bonuses. The Bonus Scheme is based on the following structural components: a) Bonus Pool: calculated as percentage of divisional earnings results above the earnings target for a calendar year; b) Apportionment of the Bonus Pool: apportioned to employee divisional team members as proposed by the Division Head and approved by the Managing Director and the Board; c) Payment of Bonus: to be paid after release of the Annual Financial Report; d) Eligibility: Persons who start employment during the year are eligible for a time-adjusted bonus payment. The total potential STI available is set at a level so as to provide sufficient incentive to executives to achieve the operational targets and such that the cost to VDM is reasonable in the circumstances. 9 VDM GROUP LIMITED REMUNERATION REPORT (AUDITED) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2018 The financial performance measure driving the majority of the STI payment outcomes is divisional profit earnings before interest and tax (EBIT). The table below shows the Group’s gross EBIT history for the past five financial years. Financial Year EBIT $’000 Closing share price $ 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 (2,348) (2,777) (5,433) (12,713) (16,288) 0.002 0.001 0.003 0.006 0.01 As a result of the negative EBIT performance in 2018, no STI awards were made in the 2018 financial year (2017: nil). Variable remuneration — long term incentive (LTI) VDM does not have a general equity-based incentive plan for employees, however the following two specific option arrangements were approved as a cost-effective and non-cash remuneration incentive to attract and retain the two key executives holding VDM’s CEO and Mining Director positions: • The Mr Diep’s employment contract provided for the grant of stock options during his employment period. Mr Diep’s employment terminated on 28 August 2017, before any of his options were granted and he is no longer entitled to any options. • The Dr Hua’s employment contract provides for the grant of the following stock options: o 10 million options with an exercise price of $0.015, exercisable on 11 March 2017 and expiring on 11 March 2020. o 10 million options with an exercise price of $0.020, exercisable on 11 March 2018 and expiring on 11 March 2021. o 10 million options with an exercise price of $0.025, exercisable on 11 March 2019 and expiring on 11 March 2022. As at the date of this report, none of Dr Hua’s options had been granted. There are no performance or market conditions related to the options and they will not carry any voting or dividend rights. 10 VDM GROUP LIMITED REMUNERATION REPORT (AUDITED) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2018 4. EXECUTIVE REMUNERATION OUTCOMES (INCLUDING LINK TO PERFORMANCE) Table 1: Executive remuneration for the year ended 30 June 2018 Base Salary & Fees Cash Bonus Super Contri- butions Value of Share- based Payments $ $ $ Executive directors D Hua 198,000 S Diep(1) P O’Donoghue(2) Totals 53,699 110,466 362,165 - - - - 18,810 5,012 10,435 34,257 $ - - - - Long Service Leave $ 2,875 - - 2,875 Termination Benefits Total Performance Related $ - - - - $ % 219,685 58,711 120,901 399,297 0% 0% 0% 0% Notes: 1. S Diep’s employment finished on 28 August 2017 and his position of chief executive officer has not been filled. 2. P O’Donoghue’s employment finished on 12 February 2018 and his position of chief financial officer has not been filled. Table 2: Executive remuneration for the year ended 30 June 2017 Base Salary & Fees Cash Bonus Super Contri- butions Value of Share- based Payments Long Service Leave $ $ $ $ $ Executive directors D Hua 198,000 S Diep(1) P O’Donoghue 350,000 180,000 - - - Past key management personnel X Zhu(2) Totals 168,058 896,058 - - 18,810 19,616 17,100 13,413 68,939 - - - - - 2,875 672 2,372 - 5,919 Notes: 1. S Diep’s employment finished on 28 August 2017. 2. X Zhu’s employment finished on 23 March 2017. Termination Benefits Total Performance Related $ - - - - - $ % 219,685 370,288 199,472 181,471 970,916 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 11 VDM GROUP LIMITED REMUNERATION REPORT (AUDITED) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2018 5. EXECUTIVE CONTRACTS Remuneration arrangements for KMP are formalised in employment agreements. Details of these contracts are provided below. Chief Executive Officer Chief Executive Officer Sam Diep’s employment terminated on 28 August 2017. He was employed under a rolling contract with fixed remuneration of $369,616 per annum. The termination provisions of Mr Diep’s employment contract were as follows: Employer-initiated termination Termination for serious misconduct Employee-initiated termination Notice period Payment in lieu of notice 3 months 3 months None None 3 months 3 months Treatment of STI on termination Pro-rated for time and performance subject to Board discretion None Pro-rated for time and performance subject to Board discretion Treatment of LTI on termination Unexercised options expire Unexercised options expire Unexercised options expire Executive Director of Mining The Executive Director of Mining, Dr Hua is employed under a rolling contract. Dr Hua’s fixed remuneration is $216,810 per annum. The termination provisions of Dr Hua’s employment contract are as follows: Notice period Payment in lieu of notice 6 months 6 months None None 3 months 3 months Treatment of STI on termination Pro-rated for time and performance subject to Board discretion None Pro-rated for time and performance subject to Board discretion Treatment of LTI on termination Unexercised options expire Unexercised options expire Unexercised options expire Employer-initiated termination Termination for serious misconduct Employee-initiated termination Other KMP The Company may terminate all other KMP by providing three months written notice or providing payment in lieu of the notice period. The Company may terminate a contract at any time without notice if serious misconduct has occurred. 12 VDM GROUP LIMITED REMUNERATION REPORT (AUDITED) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2018 6. NON-EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR REMUNERATION ARRANGEMENTS Remuneration policy The Board seeks to set aggregate remuneration at a level that provides the Company with the ability to attract and retain directors of the highest calibre, whilst incurring a cost that is acceptable to shareholders. The amount of aggregate remuneration sought to be approved by shareholders and the fee structure is reviewed annually against fees paid to NEDs of comparable companies. The constitution and the ASX listing rules specify that the NED fee pool shall be determined from time to time by a general meeting. The latest determination was at the 2010 annual general meeting held on 19 November 2010 when shareholders approved an aggregate fee pool of $600,000 per year. This amount includes superannuation and fees paid to directors in their capacity as members of the Board and its committees. The Board will not seek an increase of the NED fee pool at the 2018 Annual General Meeting. Current Structure The remuneration of NEDs consists of directors’ fees only. There are no committee fees. NEDs do not receive retirement benefits, other than superannuation and they do not participate in any incentive programs. The table below provides the NED fees for the year ended 30 June 2018. Annual NED fees including superannuation Board Chairman Other Non-executive Directors $65,000 $63,750 Table 3: Non-executive remuneration for the year ended 30 June 2018 Base Salary & Fees Cash Bonus Non- Monetary Benefits Super Contri- butions Value of Share- based Payments Long Service Leave Termination Benefits Total Performance Related $ $ Current non-executive directors M Fry H Luk Totals 58,219 65,000 123,219 - - - $ - - - $ 5,531 - 5,531 $ - - - $ - - - $ - - - $ % 63,750 65,000 128,750 0% 0% 0% Table 4: Non-executive remuneration for the year ended 30 June 2017 Base Salary & Fees Cash Bonus Non- Monetary Benefits Super Contri- butions Value of Share- based Payments Long Service Leave Termination Benefits Total Performance Related $ $ Current non-executive directors M Fry 58,219 - H Luk Totals 65,000 123,219 - - $ - - - $ 5,531 - 5,531 $ - - - $ - - - $ - - - $ % 63,750 65,000 128,750 0% 0% 0% 13 VDM GROUP LIMITED REMUNERATION REPORT (AUDITED) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2018 7. ADDITIONAL DISCLOSURES RELATING TO OPTIONS AND SHARES This section sets out the additional disclosures required under the Corporations Act 2001. Table 5: Shareholdings of key management personnel (held directly and indirectly) Balance 1 July 2017 Granted as remuneration Options exercised Net change Other Balance 30 June 2018 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2,070,000,000 1,085,110,976 1,000,000 (1,000,000) (250,000) - - (1,250,000) 3,156,110,976 Total shareholding 3,157,360,976 Notes: 1. 2. S Diep’s employment terminated on 28 August 2017. P O’Donoghue’s employment terminated on 12 February 2018. 2018 Current directors H Luk D Hua M Fry Past executives S Diep(1) P O’Donoghue(2) 2017 Current directors H Luk D Hua M Fry Current executives S Diep P O’Donoghue 2,070,000,000 1,085,110,976 1,000,000 1,000,000 250,000 2,070,000,000 1,085,110,976 1,000,000 - - Total shareholding 3,156,110,976 Notes: 1. Relates to on-market share transactions Option holdings of KMP Balance 1 July 2016 Granted as remuneration Options exercised Net change Other(1) Balance 30 June 2017 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2,070,000,000 1,085,110,976 1,000,000 1,000,000 250,000 1,000,000 250,000 1,250,000 3,157,360,976 There were no options granted to KMP during the year ended 30 June 2018 (2017: nil). There were no options held by KMP as at 30 June 2018 (2017: nil). The employment contract of CEO Mr Diep provided for the grant of options during his employment period without any performance conditions. Mr Diep’s employment terminated on 28 August 2017, before any of his options were granted and he is no longer entitled to any options. The employment contract of Executive Director of Mining Dr Hua provides for the grant of options without any performance conditions. Refer to section 5 of the Remuneration Report for details of his options entitlement. The fair value of the options issued as at 30 June 2018 is not material. Performance rights holdings of KMP There were no performance rights granted to KMP during the year ended 30 June 2018 (2017: nil). There were no performance rights held by KMP as at 30 June 2018 (2017: nil). 8. LOANS TO KEY MANAGEMENT PERSONNEL There were no loans granted to KMP’s during the year ended 30 June 2018 (2017: nil). 14 VDM GROUP LIMITED REMUNERATION REPORT (AUDITED) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2018 9. OTHER TRANSACTIONS AND BALANCES WITH KEY MANAGEMENT PERSONNEL AND THEIR RELATED ENTITIES (a) Details and terms and conditions of other transactions with KMP and their related parties Luk Hiuming As at 30 June 2018, VDM owed $143,000 to Mr Luk which related to directors’ fees that have not been paid on his instruction. No interest accrues and the outstanding amount is due when demanded by Mr Luk. Kengkong On 27 January 2016, VDM entered into a Framework Loan Agreement (“FLA”) with its largest shareholder, Australia Kengkong Investments Co Pty Ltd (“Kengkong”). At 30 June 2018, the balance of the loan was $9,800,000 (2017: $9,098,000). During the period, Kengkong had no further advances to VDM under the terms of a FLA (2017: Kengkong advanced AUD $1,500,000 and USD $2,134,000). The FLA contemplates the parties entering into a secured one-year 6% loan facility that will incorporate the FLA liabilities. Until that occurs, the FLA advances plus interest accrued at 6% per annum are immediately repayable in the denominated currency when demanded by Kengkong. VDM’s Non-executive Chairman Mr Luk controls Kengkong, refer to note 20 for full detailed disclosure on outstanding balance. H&H As at 30 June 2018, VDM owes H&H Holdings Australia Pty Ltd (“H&H”) $75,000 of underwriting commissions for the Company’s December 2013 Rights Issue (2017: $75,000). No interest accrues and the outstanding amount is due when demanded by H&H. Dr Hua, VDM’s Executive Director of Mining controls H&H. (b) Amounts recognised at the reporting date in relation to the other transactions: Statement of Comprehensive Income Interest expense (i) Total finance costs Current Liabilities Trade and other payables (ii) Interest-bearing loans and other borrowings (iii) Total liabilities 2018 $’000 533 533 75 9,800 9,875 2017 $’000 452 452 75 9,098 9,173 Notes: (i) Interest expense on Kengkong shareholder loan (6% per annum). (ii) Underwriting commission due to H&H. (iii) Shareholder loan due to Kengkong inclusive of accrued interest This report is made in accordance with a resolution of the directors. Dr Hua Dongyi Executive Director of Mining Perth, Western Australia 4 October 2018 15 VDM GROUP LIMITED AUDITOR’S INDEPENDENCE DECLARATION FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2018 AUDITOR’S INDEPENDENCE DECLARATION 16 VDM GROUP LIMITED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2018 CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME Continuing operations Revenue Expenses Materials and inventory Employee benefits expense Occupancy related expenses Depreciation and amortisation Impairment Onerous contracts expense Legal expenses Finance costs Other expenses Total expenses Profit/(loss) on sale of assets Other income and expenses Loss from continuing operations before income tax Notes 2018 $000 2017 $000 5 563 1,430 6a 6b 6c 6d 6e (378) (995) (124) (96) (350) - (269) (544) (697) (1,201) (1,970) (613) (176) (412) (29) (98) (474) (346) (3,453) (5,319) 9 9 (1) (1) (2,881) (3,890) Income tax expense 8 - - Loss from continuing operations after income tax (2,881) (3,890) Discontinued operations Profit from discontinued operations after income tax 7 - 659 Loss for the year Other comprehensive income (2,881) (3,231) - - Total comprehensive loss for the year (2,881) (3,231) Total comprehensive loss for the period is attributed to: Owners of the parent (2,881) (3,231) (2,881) (3,231) Loss per share Basic loss per share (cents per share) Diluted loss per share (cents per share) Loss per share from continuing operations Basic loss per share (cents per share) Diluted loss per share (cents per share) 9 9 9 9 (0.05) (0.05) (0.05) (0.05) The accompanying notes form part of these financial statements. (0.06) (0.06) (0.07) (0.07) 17 VDM GROUP LIMITED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION AS AT 30 JUNE 2018 CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION Notes 2018 $000 2017 $000 ASSETS Current assets Cash and cash equivalents Security deposits Trade and other receivables Inventory Total current assets Non-current assets Security deposits Exploration and evaluation assets Development properties Property, plant and equipment Total non-current assets Total assets LIABILITIES Current liabilities Trade and other payables Interest-bearing loans and borrowings Provisions Total current liabilities Non-current liabilities Provisions Total non-current liabilities Total liabilities Net assets/(liabilities) Equity Contributed equity Equity reserve Retained losses Total equity/(net deficiency) 11 12 13 14 12 16 17 18 19 20 21 21 22 23 23 3,954 1,366 38 53 - 198 193 165 4,045 1,922 - 11,174 1,250 882 13,306 17,351 819 11,128 1,600 978 14,525 16,447 5,457 9,800 1,138 5,465 9,098 2,021 16,395 16,584 34 34 16,429 922 48 48 16,632 (185) 292,710 288,722 457 457 (292,245) (289,364) 922 (185) The accompanying notes form part of these financial statements. 18 VDM GROUP LIMITED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2018 CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS Cash flows from operating activities Receipts from customers Payments to suppliers and employees Interest received GST refunded/(paid) Notes 2018 $000 2017 $000 650 2,093 (3,185) (6,440) 11 136 20 (53) Net cash flows used in operating activities 24 (2,388) (4,380) Cash flows from investing activities Purchase of property, plant and equipment Release from security deposit Proceeds from sale of property, plant and equipment Proceeds from joint venture capital return Net cash flows from investing activities Cash flows from financing activities Proceeds from borrowings Proceeds from issue of shares Transaction costs on issue of shares - 979 9 - 988 (1) 59 1,869 274 2,201 - 1,500 4,000 (12) - - Net cash flows from financing activities 3,988 1,500 Net increase/(decrease) in cash and cash equivalents Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period Cash and cash equivalents at end of period 11 2,588 1,366 3,954 (679) 2,045 1,366 The accompanying notes form part of these financial statements. 19 VDM GROUP LIMITED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2018 CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY Issued Capital Ordinary $000 Accumulated Losses $000 Equity Reserve $000 Total $000 Balance at 1 July 2017 288,722 (289,364) 457 (185) Comprehensive loss for the year Total comprehensive loss for the year Transactions with owners in their capacity as owners Share Issue Capital raising costs - - (2,881) (2,881) 4,000 (12) - - - - - - Balance at 30 June 2018 292,710 (292,245) 457 (2,881) (2,881) 4,000 (12) 922 Balance at 1 July 2016 288,722 (286,133) 457 3,046 Comprehensive loss for the year Total comprehensive loss for the year Transactions with owners in their capacity as owners Capital raising costs Capital raising costs reclassified to expenses - - - - (3,231) (3,231) - - - - - - (3,231) (3,231) - - Balance at 30 June 2017 288,722 (289,364) 457 (185) The accompanying notes form part of these financial statements. 20 VDM GROUP LIMITED NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2018 NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS CONTENTS 1. CORPORATE INFORMATION ....................................................................................... 22 2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES .................................................... 22 3. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING JUDGEMENTS, ESTIMATES AND ASSUMPTIONS ................... 38 4. SEGMENT INFORMATION .......................................................................................... 40 5. REVENUE ................................................................................................................ 42 EXPENSES ............................................................................................................... 43 6. 7. DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS .................................................................................... 44 INCOME TAX ........................................................................................................... 45 8. LOSS PER SHARE ..................................................................................................... 47 9. 10. DIVIDENDS PROPOSED AND PAID .............................................................................. 47 11. CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS ................................................................................. 48 12. SECURITY DEPOSITS ................................................................................................ 48 13. TRADE AND OTHER RECEIVABLES .............................................................................. 49 14. INVENTORY ............................................................................................................. 50 15. INVESTMENTS ACCOUNTED FOR USING THE EQUITY METHOD ...................................... 50 16. EXPLORATION AND EVALUATION ASSETS ................................................................... 51 17. DEVELOPMENT PROPERTIES ...................................................................................... 51 18. PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT ........................................................................... 52 19. TRADE AND OTHER PAYABLES ................................................................................... 53 20. INTEREST BEARING LOANS AND OTHER BORROWINGS ................................................ 54 21. PROVISIONS ........................................................................................................... 55 22. CONTRIBUTED EQUITY ............................................................................................. 56 23. ACCUMULATED LOSSES AND RESERVES ..................................................................... 57 24. CASHFLOW STATEMENT INFORMATION ...................................................................... 57 25. RELATED PARTY DISCLOSURE ................................................................................... 58 26. FINANCIAL ASSETS AND FINANCIAL LIABILITIES ......................................................... 59 27. PARENT ENTITY INFORMATION .................................................................................. 63 28. COMMITMENTS ........................................................................................................ 64 29. EVENTS AFTER THE REPORTING PERIOD..................................................................... 64 30. AUDITOR’S REMUNERATION ...................................................................................... 65 31. CLOSED GROUP CLASS ORDER DISCLOSURES ............................................................. 65 21 VDM GROUP LIMITED NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2018 1. CORPORATE INFORMATION The consolidated financial statements of VDM Group Limited and its controlled entities (“VDM” or the “Group”) for the year ended 30 June 2018 were authorised for issue in accordance with a resolution of the directors on 3 October 2018. VDM Group Limited is a for-profit company limited by shares incorporated and domiciled in Australia whose shares are publicly traded on the Australian Securities Exchange. Business activities during the period principally related to: 1) mobilising the initial exploration team members to the Cachoeiras do Binga copper project located in the Republic of Angola; 2) delivering imported structural steel to VDM’s construction clients. 2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES a) Basis of preparation The financial report is a general purpose financial report, which has been prepared in accordance with the requirements of the Corporations Act 2001, Australian Accounting Standards and other authoritative pronouncements of the Australian Accounting Standards Board. The financial report has also been prepared on the historical cost basis. The financial report is presented in Australian dollars and all values are rounded to the nearest thousand dollars ($’000) unless otherwise stated. The consolidated financial statements provide comparative information in respect of the previous year. b) Compliance with IFRS The financial report complies with Australian Accounting Standards and International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board. c) New and amended accounting standards and interpretations (i) Changes in accounting policies, new and amended standards and interpretations The accounting policies adopted in the preparation of the consolidated financial statements are consistent with those followed in the preparation of the Group’s consolidated financial statements for the year ended 30 June 2017, except for the adoption of the new standards and interpretations effective for the first time for entities with an annual reporting period ending on or after 30 June 2018 that are outlined in the following table. The adoption of these new standards and interpretations did not have any material impact on the financial position or performance of the Group. 22 VDM GROUP LIMITED NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2018 (ii) Accounting Standards and Interpretations issued but not yet effective The following standards and interpretations have been issued by the AASB but are not yet effective for the year ending 30 June 2018. The Group has not elected to early adopt these or any other new Standards and amendments that are issued but not yet effective. Pronouncement & Title Summary AASB 9, and relevant amending standards Financial Instruments AASB 15, and relevant amending standards Revenue from Contracts with Customers AASB 9 replaces AASB 139 Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement. Except for certain trade receivables, an entity initially measures a financial asset at its fair value plus, in the case of a financial asset not at fair value through profit or loss, transaction costs. Debt instruments are subsequently measured at fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL), amortised cost, or fair value through other comprehensive income (FVOCI), on the basis of their contractual cash flows and the business model under which the debt instruments are held. There is a fair value option (FVO) that allows financial assets on initial recognition to be designated as FVTPL if that eliminates or significantly reduces an accounting mismatch. Equity instruments are generally measured at FVTPL. However, entities have an irrevocable option on an instrument-by-instrument basis to present changes in the fair value of non-trading instruments in other comprehensive income (OCI) without subsequent reclassification to profit or loss. For financial liabilities designated as FVTPL using the FVO, the amount of change in the fair value of such financial liabilities that is attributable to changes in credit risk must be presented in OCI. The remainder of the change in fair value is presented in profit or loss, unless presentation in OCI of the fair value change in respect of the liability’s credit risk would create or enlarge an accounting mismatch in profit or loss. All other AASB 139 classification and measurement requirements for financial liabilities have been carried forward into AASB 9, including the embedded derivative separation rules and the criteria for using the FVO. The incurred credit loss model in AASB 139 has been replaced with an expected credit loss model in AASB 9. The requirements for hedge accounting have been amended to more closely align hedge accounting with risk management, establish a more principle-based approach to hedge accounting and address inconsistencies in the hedge accounting model in AASB 139. AASB 15 replaces all existing revenue requirements in Australian Accounting Standards (AASB 111 Construction Contracts, AASB 118 Revenue, AASB Interpretation 13 Customer Loyalty Programmes, AASB Interpretation 15 Agreements for the Construction of Real Estate, AASB Interpretation 18 Transfers of Assets from Customers and AASB Interpretation 131 Revenue – Barter Transactions Involving Advertising Services) and applies to all revenue arising from contracts with customers, unless the contracts are in the scope of other standards, such as AASB 117 (or AASB 16 Leases, once applied). The core principle of AASB 15 is that an entity recognises revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which an entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. An entity recognises revenue in accordance with the core principle by applying the following steps: • Step 1: Identify the contract(s) with a customer • Step 2: Identify the performance obligations in the contract • Step 3: Determine the transaction price • Step 4: Allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract • Step 5: Recognise revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies a performance obligation. Application date Of standard: 1 January 2018 For Group: 1 July 2018 Of standard: 1 January 2018 For Group: 1 July 2018 23 AASB 2014-10 Amendments to Australian Accounting Standards – Sale or Contribution of Assets between an Investor and its Associate or Joint Venture AASB 2016-5 Amendments to Australian Accounting Standards – Classification and Measurement of Share-based Payment Transactions AASB 16 Leases VDM GROUP LIMITED NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2018 Pronouncement & Title Summary The amendments clarify that a full gain or loss is recognised when a transfer to an associate or joint venture involves a business as defined in AASB 3 Business Combinations. Any gain or loss resulting from the sale or contribution of assets that does not constitute a business, however, is recognised only to the extent of unrelated investors’ interests in the associate or joint venture. AASB 2015-10 defers the mandatory effective date (application date) of AASB 2014-10 so that the amendments are required to be applied for annual reporting periods beginning on or after 1 January 2018. Application date Of standard: 1 January 2018 For Group: 1 July 2018 This Standard amends AASB 2 Share-based Payment, clarifying how to account for certain types of share-based payment transactions. The amendments provide requirements on the accounting for: • The effects of vesting and non-vesting conditions on the measurement of cash-settled share-based payments • Share-based payment transactions with a net settlement feature for Of standard: 1 January 2018 For Group: 1 July 2018 withholding tax obligations • A modification to the terms and conditions of a share-based payment that changes the classification of the transaction from cash-settled to equity-settled. Of standard: 1 January 2019 For Group: 1 July 2019 AASB 16 requires lessees to account for all leases under a single on- balance sheet model in a similar way to finance leases under AASB 117 Leases. The standard includes two recognition exemptions for lessees – leases of ’low-value’ assets (e.g., personal computers) and short-term leases (i.e., leases with a lease term of 12 months or less). At the commencement date of a lease, a lessee will recognise a liability to make lease payments (i.e., the lease liability) and an asset representing the right to use the underlying asset during the lease term (i.e., the right-of-use asset). Lessees will be required to separately recognise the interest expense on the lease liability and the depreciation expense on the right-of-use asset. Lessees will be required to remeasure the lease liability upon the occurrence of certain events (e.g., a change in the lease term, a change in future lease payments resulting from a change in an index or rate used to determine those payments). The lessee will generally recognise the amount of the remeasurement of the lease liability as an adjustment to the right-of-use asset. Lessor accounting is substantially unchanged from today’s accounting under AASB 117. Lessors will continue to classify all leases using the same classification principle as in AASB 117 and distinguish between two types of leases: operating and finance leases. AASB-9 (Financial Instruments) The Group has continued to assess the impact of the adoption of the AASB 9 standard. Preparation work to reach readiness to apply the new standard fully retrospectively from 1 July 2018 is ongoing. The Group does not expect a significant impact on its financial position or performance. AASB-15 (Revenue from Contracts with Customers) In relation to the above-noted implementation of AASB 15, the Group plans to adopt the standard using the "modified retrospective method." Under that method, the Group will apply the rules to all contracts existing as of January 1, 2018, recognizing in beginning retained earnings an adjustment for the cumulative effect of the change and providing additional disclosures comparing results to previous accounting standards. The Group does not currently have any open contracts that will be affected by the implementation and therefore based on the work performed to date, does not expect a material impact from the implementation of the new standard. The Group has not yet determined the impact of the other standards and amendment that are issued but not yet effective. 24 VDM GROUP LIMITED NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2018 d) Going concern VDM incurred a net loss after tax from continuing operations for the year ended 30 June 2018 of $2,881,000 (2017: $3,890,000). Net cash flows used in operating activities were $2,388,000 (2017: $4,380,000). At 30 June 2018, VDM had net current liabilities of $12,350,000 (30 June 2017: $14,662,000). The cash position of VDM at 30 June 2018 was $3,954,000 (30 June 2017: $1,366,000) with a further $38,000 of security deposits (30 June 2017: $1,017,000). VDM will require further capital funding: • for general corporate working capital including trade and other payables, and provisions that become due (refer to notes 19 and 21); to progress its business strategy including the Cachoeiras do Binga exploration program; to pursue other business growth opportunities; and to settle shareholder loans once called (refer to note 20). • • • This report has been prepared on the going concern basis, which contemplates the continuity of normal business activity and the realisation of assets and settlement of liabilities in the normal course of business. In forming this view, the directors have taken into consideration that the Group expects: • to undertake future capital raisings sufficient to meet the above noted funding requirements and the Group is consulting with potential sophisticated investors in this regard; and • VDM’s largest shareholder, Australia Kengkong Investments Co Pty Ltd will not demand repayment of amounts due under the FLA • A Cachoeiras do Binga joint venture partner will not demand repayment of the outstanding creditor balance detailed in note 19 until the Group’s next significant capital raising or when the Group’s financial status has a significant improvement. Should VDM not achieve the matters set out above, there is material uncertainty as to whether VDM will continue as a going concern and therefore whether it will realise its assets and extinguish its liabilities in the normal course of business and at the amounts stated in the financial report. The financial report does not include any adjustment relating to the recoverability or classification of recorded asset amounts or to the amounts or classifications of liabilities that may be necessary should VDM not be able to continue as a going concern. e) Basis of consolidation The consolidated financial statements comprise the financial statements of VDM Limited and its subsidiaries as at 30 June 2018. Control is achieved when the Group is exposed, or has rights, to variable returns from its involvement with the investee and has the ability to affect those returns through it power over the investee. Specifically, the Group controls an investee if and only if the Group has: • Power over the investee (i.e. existing rights that give it the current ability to direct the relevant activities of the investee); • Exposure, or rights, to variable returns from its involvement with the investee; and • The ability to use its power over the investee to affect its returns. Generally, there is a presumption that a majority of voting rights results in control. To support this presumption, and when the Group has less than a majority of the voting or similar rights of an investee, the Group considers all relevant facts and circumstances in assessing whether it has power over an investee, including: • The contractual arrangement(s) with the other vote holders of the investee; • Rights arising from other contractual arrangements; and • The Group’s voting rights and potential voting rights. The Group re-assesses whether or not it controls an investee if facts and circumstances indicate that there are changes to one or more of the three elements of control. Consolidation of a subsidiary begins when the Group obtains control over the subsidiary and ceases when the Group loses control 25 VDM GROUP LIMITED NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2018 of the subsidiary. Assets, liabilities, income and expenses of a subsidiary acquired or disposed of during the year are included in the consolidated financial statements from the date the Group gains control until the date the Group ceases to control the subsidiary. Profit or loss and each component of other comprehensive income (OCI) are attributed to the equity holders of the parent of the Group and to the non-controlling interests, even if this results in the non-controlling interests having a deficit balance. When necessary, adjustments are made to the financial statements of subsidiaries to bring their accounting policies into line with the Group’s accounting policies. All intra-group assets and liabilities, equity, income, expenses and cash flows relating to transactions between members of the Group are eliminated in full on consolidation. A change in the ownership interest of a subsidiary, without a loss of control, is accounted for as an equity transaction. If the Group loses control over a subsidiary, it derecognises the related assets (including goodwill), liabilities, non-controlling interest and other components of equity while any resultant gain or loss is recognised in profit or loss. Any investment retained is recognised at fair value. f) Business Combinations and goodwill Business combinations are accounted for using the acquisition method. The cost of an acquisition is measured as the aggregate of the consideration transferred measured at acquisition date fair value and the amount of any non-controlling interests in the acquiree. For each business combination, the Group elects whether to measure the non-controlling interests in the acquiree at fair value or at the proportionate share of the acquiree’s identifiable net assets. Acquisition-related costs are expensed as incurred and included in administrative expenses. When the Group acquires a business, it assesses the financial assets and liabilities assumed for appropriate classification and designation in accordance with the contractual terms, economic circumstances and pertinent conditions as at the acquisition date. This includes the separation of embedded derivatives in host contracts by the acquiree. If the business combination is achieved in stages, any previously held equity interest is remeasured at its acquisition date fair value and any resulting gain or loss is recognised in profit or loss. Any contingent consideration to be transferred by the acquirer will be recognised at fair value at the acquisition date. Contingent consideration classified as an asset or liability that is a financial instrument and within the scope of AASB 139 Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement, is measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognised either in profit or loss or as a change to OCI. If the contingent consideration is not within the scope of AASB 139, it is measured in accordance with the appropriate Australian Accounting Standard. Contingent consideration that is classified as equity is not remeasured and subsequent settlement is accounted for within equity. Goodwill is initially measured at cost, being the excess of the aggregate of the consideration transferred and the amount recognised for non-controlling interests, and any previous interest held, over the net identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed. If the fair value of the net assets acquired is in excess of the aggregate consideration transferred, the Group re-assesses whether it has correctly identified all of the assets acquired and all of the liabilities assumed and reviews the procedures used to measure the amounts to be recognised at the acquisition date. If the reassessment still results in an excess of the fair value of net assets acquired over the aggregate consideration transferred, then the gain is recognised in profit or loss. After initial recognition, goodwill is measured at cost less any accumulated impairment losses. For the purpose of impairment testing, goodwill acquired in a business combination is, from the acquisition date, allocated to each of the Group’s cash-generating units that are expected to benefit from the combination, irrespective of whether other assets or liabilities of the acquiree are assigned to those units. Where goodwill has been allocated to a cash-generating unit and part of the operation within that unit is disposed of, the goodwill associated with the disposed operation is included in the carrying amount of the operation when determining the gain or loss on disposal. Goodwill disposed in these circumstances is measured based on the relative values of the disposed operation and the portion of the cash- generating unit retained. 26 VDM GROUP LIMITED NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2018 g) Joint arrangements The Group undertakes certain business activities through joint arrangements. A joint arrangement is an arrangement over which two or more parties have joint control. Joint control is the contractually agreed sharing of control over an arrangement which exists only when the decisions about the relevant activities (being those that significantly affect the returns of the arrangement) require the unanimous consent of the parties sharing control. The Group’s joint arrangements are of two types, either: i. ii. joint operations; or joint ventures. A joint operation is a type of joint arrangement in which the parties with joint control of the arrangement have rights to the assets and obligations for the liabilities relating to the arrangement. In relation to its interests in joint operations, the financial statements of the Group includes: liabilities, including its share of any liabilities incurred jointly; • assets, including its share of any assets held jointly; • • revenue from the sale of its share of the output arising from the joint operation; • share of the revenue from the sale of the output by the joint operation; and • expenses, including its share of any expenses incurred jointly All such amounts are measured in accordance with the terms of each arrangement which are in proportion to the Group’s interest in the joint operation. A joint venture is a type of joint arrangement in which the parties with joint control of the arrangement have rights to the net assets of the arrangement. Investments in joint ventures are accounted for using the equity method. h) Investments in associates and joint ventures An associate is an entity over which the Group has significant influence. Significant influence is the power to participate in the financial and operating policy decisions of the investee but is not control or joint control over those policies. The Group’s investments in associates and joint ventures are accounted for using the equity method. Under the equity method, the investment in an associate or a joint venture is initially recognised at cost. The carrying amount of the investment is adjusted to recognise changes in the Group’s share of net assets of the associate or joint venture since the acquisition date. Goodwill relating to the associate or joint venture is included in the carrying amount of the investment and is neither amortised nor individually tested for impairment. The statement of profit or loss reflects the Group’s share of the results of operations of the associate or joint venture. Any change in OCI of those investees is presented as part of the Group’s OCI. In addition, when there has been a change recognised directly in the equity of the associate or joint venture, the Group recognises its share of any changes, when applicable, in the statement of changes in equity. Unrealised gains and losses resulting from transactions between the Group and the associate or joint venture are eliminated to the extent of the interest in the associate or joint venture. The aggregate of the Group’s share of profit or loss of associates and joint ventures is shown on the face of the statement of profit or loss outside operating profit and represents profit or loss after tax and non-controlling interests in the subsidiaries of the associate or joint venture. The financial statements of the associates and joint ventures are prepared for the same reporting period as the Group. When necessary, adjustments are made to bring the accounting policies in line with those of the Group. After application of the equity method, the Group determines whether it is necessary to recognise an impairment loss on its investments in associates or joint ventures. At each reporting date, the Group determines whether there is objective evidence that the investment in the associates or joint ventures is impaired. If there is such evidence, the Group calculates the amount of impairment as 27 VDM GROUP LIMITED NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2018 the difference between the recoverable amount of the associate or joint venture and its carrying value, then recognizes the loss as ‘Share of profit of associates and joint ventures’ in the statement of profit or loss. Upon loss of significant influence over the associates or joint control over the joint ventures, the Group measures and recognises any retained investment at its fair value. Any difference between the carrying amount of the associate or joint venture upon loss of significant influence or joint control and the fair value of the retained investment and proceeds from disposal is recognised in profit or loss. i) Current versus non-current classification The Group presents assets and liabilities in statement of financial position based on current/ non-current classification. An asset is current when it is: • expected to be realised or intended to be sold or consumed in normal operating cycle; • held primarily for the purposes of trading; • expected to be realised within twelve months after the reporting period; or • cash or cash equivalent unless restricted from being exchanged or used to settle a liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period. All other assets are classified as non-current. A liability is current when: • • • • it is expected to be settled in normal operating cycle; it is held primarily for the purpose of trading; it is due to be settled within twelve months after the reporting period; or there is no unconditional right to defer the settlement of the liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period. The Group classifies all other liabilities as non-current. Deferred tax asset and liabilities are classified as non-current assets and liabilities. j) Foreign currency translation The Group’s consolidated financial statements are presented in Australian dollars, which is also the Parent’s functional currency. For each entity, the Group determines the functional currency and items included in the financial statements of each entity are measured using that functional currency. The Group uses the direct method of consolidation and on disposal of a foreign operation, the gain or loss that is reclassified to profit or loss reflects the amount that arises from using this method. Transactions and balances in foreign currencies Transactions in foreign currencies are initially recorded by the Group’s entities at their respective functional currency spot rates at the date the transaction first qualifies for recognition. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated at the functional currency spot rates of exchange at the reporting date. Differences arising on settlement or translation of monetary items are recognised in profit or loss with the exception of monetary items that are designated as part of the hedge of the Group’s net investment of a foreign operation. These are recognised in other comprehensive income until the net investment is disposed of, at which time, the cumulative amount is reclassified to profit or loss. Tax charges and credits attributable to exchange differences on those monetary items are also recorded in other comprehensive income. Non-monetary items that are measured in terms of historical cost in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rates at the dates of the initial transactions. Non-monetary items measured at fair value in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rates at the date when the fair value is determined. The gain or loss arising on translation of non-monetary items measured at fair value is treated in line with the recognition of gain or loss on change in fair value of the item (i.e., translation 28 VDM GROUP LIMITED NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2018 differences on items whose fair value gain or loss is recognised in other comprehensive income or profit or loss are also recognised in other comprehensive income or profit or loss, respectively). Group companies On consolidation, the assets and liabilities of foreign operations are translated into Australian dollars at the rate of exchange prevailing at the reporting date and their statements of profit or loss are translated at exchange rates prevailing at the dates of the transactions. The exchange differences arising on translation for consolidation purposes are recognised in other comprehensive income. On disposal of a foreign operation, the component of other comprehensive income relating to that particular foreign operation is recognised in profit or loss. Any goodwill arising on the acquisition of a foreign operation and any fair value adjustments to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities arising on the acquisition are treated as assets and liabilities of the foreign operation and translated at the spot rate of exchange at the reporting date. k) Revenue recognition Revenue is recognised and measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable to the extent that it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Group and the revenue can be reliably measured. The following specific recognition criteria must also be met before revenue is recognised: Sale of Goods Revenue is recognised when the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the goods have passed to the buyer and the cost incurred or to be incurred in respect of the transaction can be measured reliably. Risks and rewards of ownership are considered passed to the buyer at the time of delivery of the goods to the customers. Sale of development properties Revenue is recognised when the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the goods have passed to the buyer and the cost incurred or to be incurred in respect of the transaction can be measured reliably. Transfer of the risks and rewards of ownership coincides with the transfer of the legal title. Construction and infrastructure development projects Revenue from construction and infrastructure development projects is recognised in the financial year in which the activities are performed on a percentage of completion method or, where an independent third party provides an estimate of the stage of works completed, based on the independent third-party assessment. Where the percentage to complete method is used, it is based on the cost incurred to date over anticipated total contract costs. Where it is probable that total contract costs will exceed total contract revenue for a contract, the excess of costs over revenue is recognised as an expense immediately. Where the contract outcome cannot be measured reliably, revenue is recognised only to the extent expenses recognised are recoverable. Rendering of services Revenue from consulting services is recognised by reference to the stage of completion of a contract or contracts in progress at balance sheet date or at the time of completion of the contract and billing to the customer. Stage of completion is assessed by reference to the work performed. Where the contract outcome cannot be measured reliably, revenue is recognised only to the extent expenses recognised are recoverable. Interest Interest revenue is recognised as interest accrues using the effective interest method. This is a method of calculating the amortised cost of a financial asset and allocating the interest income over the relevant period using the effective interest rate, which is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash receipts through the expected life of the financial asset to the net carrying amount of the financial asset. Dividends Dividend revenue is recognised when the shareholders’ right to receive the payment is established. Rental income 29 VDM GROUP LIMITED NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2018 Rental income from investment properties is accounted for on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Contingent rental income is recognised as income in the periods in which it is earned. Lease incentives granted are recognised as an integral part of the total rental income. l) Income tax and other taxes Current tax assets and liabilities for the current and prior periods are measured at the amount expected to be recovered from or paid to the taxation authorities based on the current period’s taxable income. The tax rates and tax laws used to compute the amount are those that are enacted or substantively enacted by the balance sheet date. Deferred income tax is provided on all temporary differences at the balance sheet date between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts for financial reporting purposes. Deferred income tax liabilities are recognised for all taxable temporary differences except: • when the deferred income tax liability arises from the initial recognition of goodwill or of an asset or liability in a transaction that is not a business combination and that, at the time of the transaction, affects neither the accounting profit nor taxable profit or loss; or • when the taxable temporary difference is associated with investments in subsidiaries, associates or interests in joint ventures, and the timing of the reversal of the temporary difference can be controlled and it is probable that the temporary difference will not reverse in the foreseeable future. Deferred income tax assets are recognised for all deductible temporary differences, carry-forward of unused tax credits and unused tax losses, to the extent that it is probable that taxable profit will be available against which the deductible temporary differences and the carry-forward of unused tax credits and unused tax losses can be utilised, except: • when the deferred income tax asset relating to the deductible temporary difference arises from the initial recognition of an asset or liability in a transaction that is not a business combination and, at the time of the transaction, affects neither the accounting profit nor taxable profit or loss; or • when the deductible temporary difference is associated with investments in subsidiaries, associates or interests in joint ventures, in which case a deferred tax asset is recognised only to the extent that it is probable that the temporary difference will reverse in the foreseeable future and taxable profit will be available against which the temporary difference can be utilised. The carrying amount of deferred income tax assets is reviewed at each balance sheet date and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profit will be available to allow all or part of the deferred income tax asset to be utilised. Unrecognised deferred income tax assets are reassessed at each balance sheet date and are recognised to the extent that it has become probable that future taxable profit will allow the deferred tax asset to be recovered. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply to the year when the asset is realised or the liability is settled, based on tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted at the balance sheet date. Deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are offset only if a legally enforceable right exists to set off current tax assets against current tax liabilities and the deferred tax assets and liabilities relate to the same taxable entity and the same taxation authority. Tax consolidation legislation VDM Group Limited and its wholly-owned Australian controlled entities implemented the tax consolidation legislation as of 1 July 2004. VDM Group Limited and the controlled entities in the tax consolidated group continue to account for their own current and deferred tax amounts. VDM Group has applied the group allocation approach in determining the appropriate amount of current taxes and deferred taxes to allocate to members of the tax consolidated group. 30 VDM GROUP LIMITED NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2018 In addition to its own current and deferred tax amounts, VDM Group Limited also recognises the current tax liabilities (or assets) and the deferred tax assets arising from unused tax losses and unused tax credits assumed from controlled entities in the tax consolidated group. Assets and liabilities arising under tax funding agreements with the tax consolidated entities are recognised as amounts receivable from or payable to other entities in VDM Group. Details of the tax funding agreement are disclosed in note 8. Other taxes Revenues, expenses and assets are recognised net of the amount of GST except: • when the GST incurred on a purchase of goods and services is not recoverable from the taxation authority, in which case the GST is recognised as part of the cost of acquisition of the asset or as part of the expense item as applicable; and receivables and payables, which are stated with the amount of GST included. • The net amount of GST recoverable from, or payable to, the taxation authority is included as part of receivables or payables in the balance sheet. Cash flows are included in the Cash Flow Statement on a gross basis and the GST component of cash flows arising from investing and financing activities, which is recoverable from, or payable to, the taxation authority is classified as part of operating cash flows. Commitments and contingencies are disclosed net of the amount of GST recoverable from, or payable to, the taxation authority. m) Non-current assets and disposal groups held for sale Non-current assets and disposal groups are classified as held for sale and measured at the lower of their carrying amount and fair value less costs to sell if their carrying amount will be recovered principally through a sale transaction rather than through continuing use. For an asset or disposal group to be classified as held for sale, it must be available for immediate sale in its present condition and its sale must be highly probable. Once classified as held for sale, they are not depreciated or amortised. An impairment loss is recognised for any initial or subsequent write-down of the asset (or disposal group) to fair value less costs to sell. A gain is recognised for any subsequent increases in fair value less costs to sell of an asset (or disposal group), but not in excess of any cumulative impairment loss previously recognised. A gain or loss not previously recognised by the date of the sale of the non-current asset (or disposal group) is recognised at the date of derecognition. n) Property, plant and equipment Property, plant and equipment is stated at historic cost less accumulated depreciation and any accumulated impairment losses. Such cost includes the cost of replacing parts that are eligible for capitalisation when the cost of replacing the parts is incurred. Similarly, when each major inspection is performed, its cost is recognised in the carrying amount of the plant and equipment as a replacement only if it is eligible for capitalisation. All other repairs and maintenance are recognised in profit or loss as incurred. Depreciation is calculated on a straight-line and diminishing balance method over the estimated useful life of the specific assets as follows: Land – not depreciated Buildings – over 40 years Leasehold improvements – over 3 to 10 years Plant and equipment – over 3 to 15 years The assets’ residual values, useful lives and amortisation methods are reviewed and adjusted if appropriate, at each financial year end. An item of property, plant and equipment is derecognised upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected from its use or disposal. Any gain or loss arising on derecognition of the asset 31 VDM GROUP LIMITED NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2018 (calculated as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the item) is included in the income statement in the period the item is derecognised. o) Leases The determination of whether an arrangement is, or contains, a lease is based on the substance of the arrangement at the inception of the lease. The arrangement is, or contains, a lease if fulfilment of the arrangement is dependent on the use of a specific asset or assets or the arrangement conveys a right to use the asset or assets, even if that right is not explicitly specified in an arrangement. Group as a lessee A lease is classified at the inception date as a finance lease or an operating lease. A lease that transfers substantially all the risks and rewards incidental to ownership to the Group is classified as a finance lease. An operating lease is a lease other than a finance lease. Finance leases are capitalised at the commencement of the lease at the inception date fair value of the leased property or, if lower, at the present value of the minimum lease payments. Lease payments are apportioned between finance charges and reduction of the lease liability so as to achieve a constant rate of interest on the remaining balance of the liability. Finance charges are recognised in finance costs in the statement of profit or loss. A leased asset is depreciated over the useful life of the asset. However, if there is no reasonable certainty that the Group will obtain ownership by the end of the lease term, the asset is depreciated over the shorter of the estimated useful life of the asset and the lease term. Operating lease payments are recognised as an operating expense in the statement of profit or loss on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Group as a lessor Leases in which the Group does not transfer substantially all the risks and benefits of ownership of an asset are classified as operating leases. Initial direct costs incurred in negotiating an operating lease are added to the carrying amount of the leased asset and recognised over the lease term on the same basis as rental income. Contingent rents are recognised as revenue in the period in which they are earned. p) Contracts in progress Contracts in progress are valued at cost plus profit recognised to date based on the value of work completed, less provision for foreseeable losses. Costs include both variable and fixed costs directly related to specific contracts. Those costs that are expected to be incurred under penalty clauses and warranty provisions are also included. When the outcome of a construction contract can be estimated reliably, contract revenue and contract costs associated with the construction contract is recognised as revenue and expenses respectively by reference to the stage of completion of the contract activity at the end of the reporting period. An expected loss on the construction contract is recognised as an expense immediately as soon as the loss is foreseeable. In the case of a fixed price contract, the outcome of a construction contract can be estimated reliably when all the following conditions are satisfied: total contract revenue can be measured reliably; • it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the contract will flow to the entity; • • both the contract costs to complete the contract and the stage of contract completion at the end • of the reporting period can be measured reliably; and the contract costs attributable to the contract can be clearly identified and measured reliably so that actual contract costs incurred can be compared with prior estimates. In the case of a cost plus contract, the outcome of a construction contract can be estimated reliably when all the following conditions are satisfied: • • it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the contract will flow to the entity; and the contract costs attributable to the contract, whether or not specifically reimbursable, can be clearly identified and measured reliably. 32 VDM GROUP LIMITED NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2018 q) Intangible assets Intangible assets acquired separately or in a business combination are initially measured at cost. The cost of an intangible asset acquired in a business combination is its fair value as at the date of acquisition. Following initial recognition, intangible assets are carried at cost less any accumulated amortisation and any accumulated impairment losses. Internally generated intangible assets, excluding capitalised development costs, are not capitalised and expenditure is taken to the statement of comprehensive income in the year in which the expenditure is incurred. The useful lives of intangible assets are assessed to be either finite or indefinite. Intangible assets with finite lives are amortised over the useful life and assessed for impairment whenever there is an indication that the intangible asset may be impaired. The amortisation period and the amortisation method for an intangible asset with a finite useful life is reviewed at least at each financial year end. Changes in the expected useful life or the expected pattern of consumption of future economic benefits embodied in the asset are accounted for prospectively by changing the amortisation period or method, as appropriate, which is a change in accounting estimate. The amortisation expense on intangible assets with finite lives is recognised in profit or loss in the expense category consistent with the function of the intangible asset. Intangible assets with indefinite useful lives are not amortised, but are tested for impairment annually, either individually or at the cash-generating unit level. The useful life of an intangible asset with an indefinite life is reviewed each reporting period to determine whether indefinite life assessment continues to be supportable. If not, the change in the useful life assessment from indefinite to finite is accounted for as a change in an accounting estimate and is thus accounted for on a prospective basis. Gains or losses arising from derecognition of an intangible asset are measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and are recognised in profit or loss when the asset is derecognised. Research and development costs Research costs are expensed as incurred. An intangible asset arising from development expenditure on an internal project is recognised only when the Group can demonstrate the technical feasibility of completing the intangible asset so that it will be available for use or sale, its intention to complete and its ability to use or sell the asset, how the asset will generate future economic benefits, the availability of resources to complete the development and the ability to measure reliably the expenditure attributable to the intangible asset during its development. Following initial recognition of the development expenditure as an asset, the asset is carried at cost less any accumulated amortisation and accumulated impairment losses. Amortisation of the asset begins when development is complete and the asset is available for use. It is amortised over the period of expected future benefit. Amortisation is recorded in cost of sales. During the period of development, the asset is tested for impairment annually. Amortisation is calculated on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life of the asset as follows: Software – 2.5 years Development costs – 5 years r) Financial instruments A financial instrument is any contract that gives rise to a financial asset of one entity and a financial liability or equity instrument of another entity. i) Financial assets Initial recognition and measurement Financial assets are classified, at initial recognition, as financial assets at fair value through profit or loss, loans and receivables, held-to-maturity investments, AFS financial assets, or as derivatives designated as hedging instruments in an effective hedge, as appropriate. 33 VDM GROUP LIMITED NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2018 All financial assets are recognised initially at fair value plus, in the case of financial assets not subsequently measured at fair value through profit or loss, transaction costs that are attributable to the acquisition of the financial asset. Purchases or sales of financial assets that require delivery of assets within a time frame established by regulation or convention in the market place (regular way trades) are recognised on the trade date, i.e., the date that the Group commits to purchase or sell the asset. Subsequent measurement For purposes of subsequent measurement, financial assets are classified in four categories: Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss Loans and receivables • • • Held-to-maturity investments • Available for sale (AFS) financial assets Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss include financial assets held for trading and financial assets designated upon initial recognition at fair value through profit or loss. Financial assets are classified as held for trading if they are acquired for the purpose of selling or repurchasing in the near term. The Group does not have any such investments. Loans and receivables This category is the most relevant to the Group. Loans and receivables are non-derivative financial assets with fixed or determinable payments that are not quoted in an active market. After initial measurement, such financial assets are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest rate (EIR) method, less impairment. Amortised cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the EIR. The EIR amortisation is included in finance income in the statement of profit or loss. The losses arising from impairment are recognised in the statement of profit or loss in finance costs for loans and in cost of sales or other operating expenses for receivables. This category generally applies to trade and other receivables. Held-to-maturity investments Non-derivative financial assets with fixed or determinable payments and fixed maturities are classified as held-to-maturity when the Group has the positive intention and ability to hold them to maturity. The Group does not have any such investments. AFS financial assets AFS financial assets include equity investments and debt securities. Equity investments classified as AFS are those that are neither classified as held for trading nor designated at fair value through profit or loss. Debt securities in this category are those that are intended to be held for an indefinite period of time and that may be sold in response to needs for liquidity or in response to changes in the market conditions. The Group does not have any such investments. Impairment of financial assets The Group assesses, at each reporting date, whether there is objective evidence that a financial asset or a group of financial assets is impaired. An impairment exists if one or more events that has occurred since the initial recognition of the asset (an incurred ‘loss event’) has an impact on the estimated future cash flows of the financial asset or the group of financial assets that can be reliably estimated. Evidence of impairment may include indications that the debtor or a group of debtors is experiencing significant financial difficulty, default or delinquency in interest or principal payments, the probability that they will enter bankruptcy or other financial reorganisation and observable data indicating that there is a measurable decrease in the estimated future cash flows, such as changes in arrears or economic conditions that correlate with defaults. ii) Financial liabilities Financial liabilities are classified, at initial recognition, as financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss, loans and borrowings, payables, or as derivatives designated as hedging instruments in an effective hedge, as appropriate. All financial liabilities are recognised initially at fair value and, 34 VDM GROUP LIMITED NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2018 in the case of loans and borrowings and payables, net of directly attributable transaction costs. The Group’s financial liabilities include trade and other payables, and loans and borrowings. Subsequent measurement The measurement of financial liabilities depends on their classification, as described below: Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss include financial liabilities held for trading and financial liabilities designated upon initial recognition as at fair value through profit or loss. Financial liabilities are classified as held for trading if they are incurred for the purpose of repurchasing in the near term. The Group does not have any such liabilities. Loans and borrowings This is the category most relevant to the Group. After initial recognition, interest-bearing loans and borrowings are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest rate (EIR) method. Gains and losses are recognised in profit or loss when the liabilities are derecognised as well as through the EIR amortisation process. Amortised cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the EIR. The EIR amortisation is included in finance costs in the statement of profit or loss. This category generally applies to interest-bearing loans and borrowings. Financial guarantee contracts Financial guarantee contracts issued by the Group are those contracts that require a payment to be made to reimburse the holder for a loss it incurs because the specified debtor fails to make a payment when due in accordance with the terms of a debt instrument. Financial guarantee contracts are recognised initially as a liability at fair value, adjusted for transaction costs that are directly attributable to the issuance of the guarantee. Subsequently, the liability is measured at the higher of the best estimate of the expenditure required to settle the present obligation at the reporting date and the amount recognised less cumulative amortisation. The Group does not have any such contracts Trade and other payables Trade and other payables are carried at amortised cost due to their short term nature and are not discounted. They represent liabilities for goods and services provided to the Group prior to the end of the financial year that are unpaid and arise when the Group becomes obliged to make future payments in respect of the purchase of these goods and services. The amounts are unsecured and are typically paid within 30 days of recognition. iii) Offsetting of financial instruments Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount is reported in the consolidated statement of financial position if there is a currently enforceable legal right to offset the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis, to realise the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously. The Group does not have any such instruments. s) Development properties Inventories and development properties are measured at the lower of cost or net realisable value. Net realisable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less the estimated costs of completion and the estimated costs necessary to make the sale. Where held at cost, cost comprises all costs of purchase, cost of conversion and costs incurred bringing the inventories or development properties to their present location or condition. Inventory is measured on a first in, first out basis. t) Exploration and evaluation expenditure: Expenditure on acquisition, exploration and evaluation of mineral resources relating to an area of interest is partially or fully capitalised, and recognised as an exploration and evaluation asset where rights to tenure of the area of interest are current and; 35 VDM GROUP LIMITED NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2018 i. it is expected that expenditure will be recouped through successful development and exploitation of the area of interest or alternatively by its sale and/or; ii. exploration and evaluation activities are continuing in an area of interest but at reporting date have not yet reached a stage which permits a reasonable assessment of the existence or otherwise of economically recoverable reserves. An area of interest refers to an individual geological area whereby the presence of a mineral deposit is considered favourable or has been proved to exist. It is common for an area of interest to contract in size progressively, as exploration and evaluation lead towards identification of a mineral deposit, which may prove to contain economically recoverable reserves. When this happens during the exploration for and evaluation of mineral resources, exploration and evaluation expenditures are still included in the cost of the exploration and evaluation asset notwithstanding that the size of the area of interest may contract as the exploration and evaluation operations progress. In most cases, an area of interest will comprise a single mine or deposit. Impairment The carrying value of exploration and evaluation assets are assessed for impairment regularly and if information becomes available suggesting that the recovery of any of the assets is unlikely or that the Group no longer holds tenure, the relevant asset amount is written off to the profit or loss in the period when the new information becomes available. Exploration and evaluation assets are disclosed in note 16. u) Impairment of non-financial assets The Group assesses, at each reporting date, whether there is an indication that an asset may be impaired. If any indication exists, or when annual impairment testing for an asset is required, the Group estimates the asset’s recoverable amount. An asset’s recoverable amount is the higher of an asset’s or cash-generating unit’s (CGU’s) fair value less costs of disposal and its value in use. Recoverable amount is determined for an individual asset, unless the asset does not generate cash inflows that are largely independent of those from other assets or groups of assets. When the carrying amount of an asset or CGU exceeds its recoverable amount, the asset is considered impaired and is written down to its recoverable amount. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset. In determining fair value less costs of disposal, recent market transactions are taken into account. If no such transactions can be identified, an appropriate valuation model is used. These calculations are corroborated by valuation multiples, quoted share prices for publicly traded companies or other available fair value indicators. Impairment losses of continuing operations, including impairment on inventories, are recognised in the statement of profit or loss in expense categories consistent with the function of the impaired asset, except for properties previously revalued with the revaluation taken to OCI. For such properties, the impairment is recognised in OCI up to the amount of any previous revaluation. For assets excluding goodwill, an assessment is made at each reporting date to determine whether there is an indication that previously recognised impairment losses no longer exist or have decreased. If such indication exists, the Group estimates the asset’s or CGU’s recoverable amount. A previously recognised impairment loss is reversed only if there has been a change in the assumptions used to determine the asset’s recoverable amount since the last impairment loss was recognised. The reversal is limited so that the carrying amount of the asset does not exceed its recoverable amount, nor exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined, net of depreciation, had no impairment loss been recognised for the asset in prior years. Such reversal is recognised in the statement of profit or loss unless the asset is carried at a revalued amount, in which case, the reversal is treated as a revaluation increase. Goodwill is tested for impairment annually as at 30 June and when circumstances indicate that the carrying value may be impaired. Impairment is determined for goodwill by assessing the recoverable amount of each CGU (or group of CGUs) to which the goodwill relates. When the recoverable amount of the CGU is less than its 36 VDM GROUP LIMITED NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2018 carrying amount, an impairment loss is recognised in the statement of profit or loss. Impairment losses relating to goodwill cannot be reversed in future periods. Intangible assets with indefinite useful lives are tested for impairment annually as at 30 June at the CGU level, as appropriate, and when circumstances indicate that the carrying value may be impaired. v) Cash and cash equivalents Cash and cash equivalents in the balance sheet comprise cash at bank and in hand and security deposits with an original maturity of three months or less that are readily convertible to cash and which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value. For the purposes of the Cash Flow Statement, cash and cash equivalents consist of cash and cash equivalents as defined above, net of outstanding bank overdrafts. Bank overdrafts are included within interest bearing loans and borrowings in current liabilities on the balance sheet. w) Earnings per share Basic earnings per share is calculated as net profit attributable to members of the parent, adjusted to exclude any costs of servicing equity (other than dividends), divided by the weighted average number of ordinary shares, adjusted for any bonus element. Diluted earnings per share is calculated as net profit attributable to members of the parent, adjusted for: • Costs of servicing equity (other than dividends); • The after tax effect of dividends and interest associated with dilutive potential ordinary shares that have been recognised as expenses; and • Other non-discretionary changes in revenues or expenses during the period that would result from the dilution of potential ordinary shares. divided by the weighted average number of ordinary shares and dilutive potential ordinary shares, adjusted for any bonus element. x) Provisions and employee benefits Provisions are recognised when the has a present obligation (legal or constructive) as a result of a past event, it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation. Where the Group expects some or all of a provision to be reimbursed, for example under an insurance contract, the reimbursement is recognised as a separate asset but only when the reimbursement is virtually certain. The expense relating to any provision is presented in the income statement net of any reimbursement. Provisions are measured at the present value of management's best estimate of the expenditure required to settle the present obligation at the balance sheet date using a discounted cash flow methodology. If the effect of the time value of money is material, provisions are discounted using a current pre-tax rate that reflects the time value of money and the risks specific to the liability. The increase in the provision resulting from the passage of time is recognised in finance costs. Wages, salaries, annual leave and sick leave Liabilities for wages and salaries, including non-monetary benefits, annual leave and accumulating sick leave due to be settled within 12 months of the reporting date are recognised in respect of employees’ services up to the reporting date. They are measured at the amounts expected to be paid when the liabilities are settled. Expenses for non-accumulating sick leave are recognised when the leave is taken and are measured at the rates paid or payable. Where a period end falls between pay dates an accrual is raised for any unpaid wages and salaries at the period end. Long service leave The liability for long service leave is recognised in the provision for employee benefits and measured as the present value of expected future payments to be made in respect of services provided by employees up to the reporting date using the projected unit credit method. Consideration is given to expected future wage and salary levels, experience of employee departures, and periods of service. Expected 37 VDM GROUP LIMITED NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2018 future payments are discounted using market yields at the reporting date on high quality corporate bonds with terms to maturity that match, as closely as possible, the estimated future cash outflows. y) Comparatives Certain comparatives have been reclassified to comply with the current year presentation. 3. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING JUDGEMENTS, ESTIMATES AND ASSUMPTIONS The preparation of the financial statements requires management to make judgements, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts in the financial statements. Management continually evaluates its judgements and estimates in relation to assets, liabilities, contingent liabilities, revenue and expenses. Management bases its judgements and estimates on historical experience and on other various factors it believes to be reasonable under the circumstances, the result of which form the basis of the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions and conditions. Management has identified the following critical accounting policies for which significant judgements, estimates and assumptions are made. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions and conditions and may materially affect financial results or the financial position reported in future periods. Further details of the nature of these assumptions and conditions may be found in the relevant notes to the financial statements. a) Impairment of non-financial assets Management assesses impairment of all non-financial assets at each reporting date by evaluating conditions specific to the Group and to the particular asset that may lead to impairment. b) Estimation of useful lives of assets The estimation of the useful lives of assets has been based on historical experience as well as manufacturers’ warranties (for plant and equipment) and lease terms (for lease equipment). In addition, the condition of the assets is assessed at least once per year and considered against remaining useful life. Adjustments to useful lives are made when considered necessary. Depreciation charges are included in note 18. c) Accounting for outstanding litigations Where the Group is involved with outstanding litigation, provisions are raised where claims against the Group are probable and are able to be measured, at the best estimate of the expenditure required to settle the obligation at the reporting date. Where claims are not able to be reliably measured or are subject to future events not wholly within control of the Group, disclosure is made by way of a contingent liability as disclosed in note 28(c). d) Construction warranties In determining the level of warranty obligations required for construction contracts, VDM has made judgments in respect of the expected performance of the product and the costs of fulfilling the performance of the construction obligations. Historical experience and current knowledge of the performance of products has been used in determining this provision. The related carrying amounts are disclosed in note 21. e) Other construction contract obligations In determining the level of other construction contract obligations VDM has made judgments in respect of the expected amount of costs, other than warranty costs, that may be incurred in relation to completed construction contracts. Historical experience and current knowledge of the construction contracts and subcontracts has been used in determining this provision. The related carrying amounts are disclosed in note 21. f) Onerous contracts 38 VDM GROUP LIMITED NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2018 In determining the provision for onerous contracts, VDM has made judgments in respect of the expected benefits to be derived from the contracts and the unavoidable cost of meeting the obligations of the contract. The related carrying amounts are disclosed in note 21. g) Impairment of development properties In determining the recoverability of development properties, management has made judgments in respect of the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, benchmarked to available market data less the estimated costs necessary to make the sale and the expected timing in which the sale will take place. h) Joint arrangements Judgement is required to determine when the Group has joint control, which requires an assessment of the relevant activities and when the decisions in relation to those activities require unanimous consent. The Group has determined that the relevant activities for its joint arrangements relate to the operating and capital decisions of the arrangement, such as: the approval of the capital expenditure program for each year, and appointing, remunerating and terminating the key management personnel of, or service providers to, the joint arrangement. The considerations made in determining joint control are similar to those necessary to determine control over subsidiaries. Judgement is also required to classify a joint arrangement as either a joint operation or joint venture. Classifying the arrangement requires the Group to assess their rights and obligations arising from the arrangement. Specifically, it considers: • The structure of the joint arrangement – whether it is structured through a separate vehicle • When the arrangement is structured through a separate vehicle, the Group also considers the rights and obligations arising from: o the legal form of the separate vehicle; o the terms of the contractual arrangement; and o other facts and circumstances (when relevant). This assessment often requires significant judgement, and a different conclusion on joint control and also whether the arrangement is a joint operation or a joint venture, may materially impact the accounting. i) Exploration and evaluation expenditures The application of the Group’s accounting policy for exploration and evaluation expenditure requires judgements to determine whether expenditure will be capitalised and carried as exploration and expenditure assets or be written off to the profit or loss in the period. 39 VDM GROUP LIMITED NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2018 4. SEGMENT INFORMATION is arranged under trading, and VDM iii) mining. Each division was a reportable segment in the current reporting period. The accounting policies adopted for the reportable segment are consistent with those followed in the preparation of the Group’s financial statements for the year ended 30 June 2017. three operating divisions: i) construction, ii) The following table presents the revenue, profit and selected balance sheet information for the Group’s reportable segments for the year ended 30 June 2018. 2018 Construction Trading Mining Unallocated Total $000 $000 $000 $000 $000 Revenue External revenue Total segment revenue Results 446 446 Segment results before tax (364) - - - 54 922 Finance costs Depreciation & amortisation Impairment Reconciliation of segment results before tax to net loss after tax Segment results before tax Net loss after tax from continuing operations per the statement of comprehensive income Total assets Total liabilities Other disclosures Exploration and evaluation asset additions Major Customers - - - - - - - - - - 117 117 563 563 (267) (2,250) (2,881) - - - 544 96 350 544 96 350 (2,881) (2,881) 10,829 6,468 17,351 4,818 10,689 16,429 - - 46 - 46 During 2018, VDM had one customer that contributed greater than 10% of revenue. This customer contributed a total of 75% of VDM revenue which was from the Construction segment (2017: one customer contributed greater than 10% of revenue. This customer contributed a total of 87% of VDM revenue which was from the Construction segment). 40 VDM GROUP LIMITED NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2018 The following table presents the revenue, profit, and selected expenditure information for the year ended 30 June 2017 and selected balance sheet information as at 30 June 2017 for the Group’s reportable segments. Revenue External revenue Total segment revenue Results Construction Trading Mining Unallocated Total $000 $000 $000 $000 $000 1,266 1,266 8 8 - - 156 156 1,430 1,430 Segment results before tax (217) (81) (324) (3,268) (3,890) Finance Costs Depreciation & amortisation Impairment Reconciliation of segment results before tax to net loss after tax Segment results before tax Net loss after tax from continuing operations per the statement of comprehensive income Total assets Total liabilities Other disclosures Exploration and evaluation asset additions Property plant and equipment additions 2 - - 492 1,630 - - - - - - 1 - - - - - 472 176 412 474 176 412 (3,890) (3,890) 10,783 5,172 16,447 4,875 10,126 16,632 2,853 - - 1 2,853 1 41 VDM GROUP LIMITED NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2018 5. REVENUE Sales revenue Revenue from operating activities Total sales revenue Other revenue Interest Net rental income Other Total other revenue Total revenue 2018 $000 2017 $000 355 355 11 8 189 208 563 1,274 1,274 20 10 126 156 1,430 42 VDM GROUP LIMITED NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2018 6. EXPENSES a) Employee benefits expense Wages and salaries Restructuring/redundancy costs Superannuation expense Other employee benefits expense Total employee benefits expense b) Depreciation and amortisation Depreciation Total depreciation and amortisation c) Impairment charges Impairment of development properties (note 17) Total impairment charges d) Finance costs Bank fees and other finance charges Interest Total finance costs e) Other expenses Insurances Telecommunications Computer costs Bad debts provision Foreign exchange losses/(gains) Other Total other expenses 2018 $000 2017 $000 911 - 78 6 1,785 32 129 24 995 1,970 96 96 350 350 11 533 544 144 15 39 185 138 176 697 176 176 412 412 22 452 474 223 34 67 - (122) 144 346 43 VDM GROUP LIMITED NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2018 7. DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS On 28 July 2016, VDM announced the closure of its Equipment division. A strategic review of the equipment hire and sales business concluded it needed to be significantly scaled up in size in order to reach a sustainable positive cash flow. Foreseeable overcapacity in most areas of the Australian equipment market meant that expansion of the division would be a high-risk investment and the prudent decision for VDM shareholders was to close the equipment business. As at 30 June 2017 all of the segment’s assets were sold and liabilities settled. There was no discontinued operations of VDM in the accounts as at 30 June 2018. 2018 $000 2017 $000 Financial performance of discontinued operations Revenue Expenses Operating loss Finance costs Profit on sale of assets Share of loss from joint venture Profit from discontinued operations before income tax Income tax expense Profit from discontinued operations after income tax Assets and liabilities of the discontinued operations Total Assets Total Liabilities Net assets attributable to discontinued operations Net cash flows attributable to discontinued operations Operating Investing Financing Net cash (outflow) / inflow - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 21 (209) (188) - 1,256 (409) 659 - 659 2,387 - 2,387 168 1,869 - 2,037 44 VDM GROUP LIMITED NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2018 8. INCOME TAX a) The components of tax expense comprise: Current income tax: Income tax expense on adjustments in respect of current income tax of previous years - - 2018 $000 2017 $000 Deferred income tax: Relating to origination & reversal of temporary differences - - Prior year tax losses no longer recognised Adjustments in respect of deferred income tax of previous years Income tax expense reported in the statement of comprehensive income - - - - - - b) Numerical reconciliation between aggregate tax expense recognised in the income statement and the tax expense calculated in the statutory income tax return Accounting loss before tax Total accounting loss before tax (2,881) (3,231) (2,881) (3,231) Prima facie income tax expense @ 27.5% (792) (889) Prior year tax over provision Tax adjustment for non-deductible expenses Temporary differences and unrecognised tax losses Aggregate income tax expense Income tax expense reported in the consolidated income statement Aggregate income tax expense - 96 696 - - - - 202 687 - - - Current period income tax amounts were calculated based on a reduced corporate income tax rate of 27.5% (2017: 27.5%). 45 VDM GROUP LIMITED NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2018 8. INCOME TAX (CONTINUED) c) Recognised deferred tax asset and liabilities other than tax losses Statement of financial position Statement of comprehensive income 2018 $000 2017 $000 2018 $000 2017 $000 Deferred tax liabilities Other Gross deferred tax liabilities Deferred tax assets Provision for employee entitlements Provisions – other Trade and other receivables Trade and other payables Contributed equity (21) (21) (21) (21) 34 277 402 110 32 41 505 351 135 158 - - 7 228 (51) 25 126 Deferred tax assets not recognised (834) (1,169) (335) Gross deferred tax assets Deferred tax expense Net deferred tax asset recognised in the balance sheet 21 21 - - - - 21 21 21 215 133 7 129 (526) (21) - d) Tax losses VDM Group has recognised a deferred tax asset of $nil (2017: $nil) for Australian income tax purposes on the basis that it is not ‘probable’ that the carried forward revenue loss will be utilised against future assessable taxable profits. VDM has estimated tax losses of $128,755,000 (2017: $125,467,000). Utilisation of the carried forward tax losses by the company is subject to satisfaction of the Continuity of Ownership Test (“COT”) or, failing that, the Same Business Test (“SBT”). It is likely that VDM has failed COT during the 2015 financial year, therefore in order to be able to utilise the pre-2016 losses in the future, VDM may be required to satisfy the SBT. Where VDM derives assessable income in a future income year, an assessment of whether the same business has been carried on between just before the COT failure and the intervening period will determine whether the losses are available for utilisation. e) Unrecognised temporary differences At 30 June 2018, there were no unrecognised temporary differences associated with VDM’s investments in subsidiaries, or joint ventures, as VDM has no liability for additional taxation should unremitted earnings be remitted (2017: nil). f) Tax consolidation Members of the tax consolidation group and the tax sharing arrangement VDM Group Limited and its 100% owned Australian resident subsidiaries formed a tax consolidated group with effect from 1 July 2004. VDM Group Limited is the head entity of the tax-consolidated group. Members of Group have entered into a tax sharing agreement that provides for the allocation of income tax liabilities between the entities should the head entity default on its tax payment obligations. 46 VDM GROUP LIMITED NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2018 9. LOSS PER SHARE a) Loss used in calculating loss per share Net loss from continuing operations attributable to ordinary equity holders of the parent Net loss attributable to ordinary equity holders of the parent for basic earnings 2018 $000 2017 $000 (2,881) (3,890) (2,881) (3,231) b) Weighted average number of shares No. No. Weighted average number of ordinary shares for basic and diluted earnings per share 5,589,441,774 5,477,660,952 10. DIVIDENDS PROPOSED AND PAID a) Declared and paid during the year Dividends on ordinary shares: Final dividend for 2018: nil cents per share (2017: nil cents per share) Interim dividend for 2018: nil cents per share (2017: nil cents per share) Dividends paid during the year b) Dividend proposed, not recognised as a liability Final dividend for 2018: nil cents per share (2017: nil cents per share) c) Franking credits: Franking credits available for the subsequent financial year: Franking account balance as at the end of the financial year at 27.5% (2017: 27.5%) Franking debits that will arise from the refunds of income tax receivable as at the end of the financial year - - - - - - - - 3,459 3,459 - - Franking credits available for future periods 3,459 3,459 47 VDM GROUP LIMITED NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2018 11. CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS Cash at bank and in hand Cash and cash equivalents Reconciliation to cash flow statement For the purposes of the cash flow statement, cash and cash equivalents comprise the following at 30 June: 2018 $000 2017 $000 3,954 3,954 1,366 1,366 Cash at bank and in hand Cash for reconciliation of cash flow statement 3,954 3,954 1,366 1,366 Cash at bank earns interest at floating rates or term deposit rates. 12. SECURITY DEPOSITS Security Deposits Current Non-current Total security deposits 38 1,017 38 - 38 198 819 1,017 Security deposits are comprised of cash pledged as collateral for bank guarantees issued by the Group. The security deposits are not available for immediate use. 48 VDM GROUP LIMITED NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2018 13. TRADE AND OTHER RECEIVABLES Trade receivables Other debtors Retentions Loans to related parties 2018 $000 2017 $000 1,336 104 76 - 1,395 - 76 - Impairment of trade and other receivables (1,302) (1,278) Impairment of other debtors and retentions Total trade and other receivables a) Ageing of trade receivables 0 - 30 days 31 - 60 days > 60 days PDNI* > 60 days IM** Total trade receivables b) Allowance for impairment loss Balance at 1 July 2017 Charge for the year Utilised Balance at 30 June 2018 * PDNI – past due not impaired ** IM - impaired (161) 53 - 4 30 - 193 86 - 31 1,302 1,336 1,278 1,395 1,278 1,615 185 - 1,463 - (337) 1,278 Trade receivables are non-interest bearing and are generally on 30-60 day terms. An allowance for impairment loss is recognised when there is objective evidence that an individual trade receivable is impaired. c) Fair value and credit risk Due to the short term nature of these receivables, their carrying value is assumed to approximate their fair values. The maximum exposure to credit risk is the fair value of receivables. d) Foreign exchange and interest rate risk Details regarding foreign exchange and interest rate risk exposure are disclosed in note 26. 49 VDM GROUP LIMITED NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2018 2018 $000 2017 $000 14. INVENTORY Consumables at cost Total inventory 15. INVESTMENTS ACCOUNTED FOR USING THE EQUITY METHOD a) Reconciliation of carrying amounts Balance at 1 July Investment in share capital of Sany VDM Pty Ltd Capital returned Share of equity accounted loss for the year Balance at 30 June b) Share of equity accounted loss Revenue Cost of sales Administrative expenses Finance costs Loss before tax Income tax expense Loss for the year Total comprehensive loss for the year Group's share of loss for the year - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 165 165 682 - (273) (409) - 37 (23) (854) 6 (834) - (834) (834) (409) At 30 June 2018, VDM holds no interest in Sany VDM Pty Ltd an Australian company previously jointly-owned by VDM and Sany. During the 2017 period $273,000 of capital in Sany VDM Pty Ltd was returned to the Group. 50 VDM GROUP LIMITED NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2018 16. EXPLORATION AND EVALUATION ASSETS Balance as at 1 July Additions Balance as at 30 June 2018 $000 2017 $000 11,128 46 11,174 8,275 2,853 11,128 There has been $46,000 of additions in the period for exploration and evaluation (30 June 2017: $2,853,000). Ultimate recoupment of the exploration and evaluation assets is dependent on the successful development and commercial exploitation or sale of the respective mining areas. 17. DEVELOPMENT PROPERTIES Development properties Total development properties Reconciliation of carrying amounts Balance at 1 July Additions Disposals Impairment of development properties Balance at 30 June 1,250 1,250 1,600 1,600 1,600 2,012 - - (350) 1,250 - - (412) 1,600 Impairment Assessment Management engaged the services of an independent property valuer who performed a net realisable value assessment which resulted in recognition of a $350,000 impairment to development properties (2017: $412,000). The valuation is based on comparable sales in the same area (level 3 fair value hierarchy). 51 VDM GROUP LIMITED NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2018 18. PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT Leasehold improvements at cost Accumulated depreciation Total leasehold improvements Freehold land and buildings at cost Accumulated depreciation Total freehold land and buildings Plant & equipment at cost Accumulated depreciation Total plant & equipment 2018 $000 2017 $000 14 (6) 8 887 (33) 854 68 (48) 20 660 (568) 92 887 (25) 862 983 (959) 24 Total property, plant and equipment 882 978 Reconciliation of carrying amounts Leasehold Improvements Balance at 1 July net of accumulated depreciation Additions Disposals Depreciation Balance at 30 June Freehold land and buildings Balance at 1 July net of accumulated depreciation Depreciation Balance at 30 June Plant and equipment Balance at 1 July net of accumulated depreciation Disposals Depreciation Balance at 30 June 92 - - (84) 8 862 (8) 854 24 - (4) 20 265 1 (9) (165) 92 870 (8) 862 587 (547) (16) 24 Total property, plant and equipment 882 978 52 VDM GROUP LIMITED NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2018 19. TRADE AND OTHER PAYABLES Trade payables and accruals Employee related payables GST payable Other payables Total trade and other payables 2018 $000 2017 $000 755 2 11 4,689 5,457 732 20 18 4,695 5,465 Other payables includes $4,875,000 of purchase consideration due to a Cachoeiras do Binga joint venture partner less the share of exploration costs of $186,000 incurred by the Group in accordance with the terms of the joint venture agreement (30 June 2017: $4,875,000 less share of exploration costs of $180,000). Under the terms of the cash consideration agreement VDM shall pay the full remaining balance to the Cachoeiras do Binga joint venture partner within 21 days of completion of VDM’s next significant capital raising or when VDM’s financial status has a significant improvement. a) Fair values Due to the short term nature of these payables, their carrying value is assumed to approximate their fair value. b) Interest rate, foreign exchange and liquidity risk Information regarding interest rate, foreign exchange and liquidity risk exposure is disclosed in note 26. c) Entities subject to class order relief VDM Group Limited provides financial guarantees to its subsidiaries by way of a Deed of Cross Guarantee (refer to note 27(b)). 53 VDM GROUP LIMITED NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2018 20. INTEREST BEARING LOANS AND OTHER BORROWINGS Shareholder loan (AUD denominated) Shareholder loan (USD denominated) Total interest bearing loans and other borrowings a) Fair values 2018 $000 2017 $000 5,096 4,704 9,800 4,826 4,272 9,098 The carrying amount of current interest-bearing loans approximates their fair value. b) Interest rate, foreign exchange and liquidity risk Information regarding interest rate, foreign exchange and liquidity risk exposure is disclosed in note 26. c) Financing facilities Credit cards Bank guarantees Balance at 30 June 2018 20 18 38 40 977 1,017 The bank guarantee facility limit is equal the amount of bank guarantees issued and outstanding in favour of VDM. The credit card facility is available subject to annual review. d) Shareholder loans During the period VDM’s largest shareholder, Australia Kengkong Investments Co Pty Ltd (“Kengkong”), had no further advances to VDM under the terms of a Framework Loan Agreement (“FLA”) (2017: AUD $1,500,000 and AUD $2,799,000 [USD $2,134,000]). At 30 June 2018, $9,800,000 (2017: $9,098,000) shareholder loans were due. The FLA contemplates the parties entering into a secured one-year 6% per annum loan facility that will incorporate the FLA liabilities. Until that occurs, the FLA advances, plus accrued interest of 6% per annum are immediately repayable in the denominated currency when demanded by Kengkong. An interest rate of 20% per annum applies if VDM defaults on the loan. The 30 June 2018 shareholder loan balances include $533,000 of interest accrued in the year (2017: $452,000 of accrued interest) and $169,000 of unrealised foreign exchange losses recorded in the year (2017: $71,000 of unrealised foreign exchange gains). As part of the AGM held on November 28 2016, Kengkong is entitled to first ranking security over the assets and properties of the Group. 54 VDM GROUP LIMITED NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2018 21. PROVISIONS Current Employee entitlements Construction warranties Onerous contracts Other construction contract obligations Other provisions Total current provisions Non-Current Employee entitlements Onerous contracts Other provisions Total non-current provisions 2018 $000 2017 $000 88 509 2 217 322 125 605 885 222 184 1,138 2,021 34 - - 34 24 - 24 48 Total provisions 1,172 2,069 a) Movement in provisions 2018 Employee entitlements Construction warranties Onerous contracts Other construction contract obligations Other provisions Total provisions Balance 1 Jul 2017 $000 Arising during the year $000 Utilised during the year $000 Unused amounts reversed $000 Balance 30 Jun 2018 $000 149 605 885 222 208 2,069 64 - - 17 205 286 (91) (41) (786) (6) (14) - (55) (97) (16) (77) 122 509 2 217 322 (938) (245) 1,172 2017 Employee entitlements Construction warranties Onerous contracts Other construction contract obligations Other provisions Total provisions Balance 1 Jul 2017 $000 Arising during the year $000 Utilised during the year $000 Unused amounts reversed $000 Balance 30 Jun 2018 $000 205 567 1,426 297 268 114 122 487 47 - (170) - (61) (23) (902) (126) (37) (60) (85) - 149 605 885 222 208 2,763 770 (1,230) (234) 2,069 55 VDM GROUP LIMITED NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2018 21. PROVISIONS (CONTINUED) b) Nature and timing of provisions Construction warranties are estimated costs for warranty claims on completed construction projects based on past experience. It is estimated that these costs will be incurred in the next financial year. Onerous contracts are estimated net unavoidable costs of meeting obligations under onerous contacts. Other construction contract obligations are estimated costs, other than warranty claims, related to construction contracts. Other provisions are mainly comprised of remaining deductibles under insurance claims. The insurance deductible portion is estimated to be incurred in the next financial year. Provisions estimated to be settled after the end of the next financial year are classified as non- current. Provisions estimated to be settled in the next financial year are classified as current. 22. CONTRIBUTED EQUITY a) Ordinary shares Issued and fully paid Balance at 1 July 2016 Share issues Balance at 1 July 2017 Share Issues Capital raising costs Balance at 30 June 2018 2018 $000 2017 $000 292,710 288,722 Number of Shares $000 5,477,660,952 288,722 - - 5,477,660,952 288,722 400,000,000 - 4,000 (12) 5,877,660,952 292,710 b) Terms and conditions of contributed equity Ordinary shares have the right to receive dividends as declared and, in the event of winding up the Company, to participate in the proceeds from the sale of all surplus assets in proportion to the number of and amounts paid up on shares held. Ordinary shares entitle their holder to one vote, either in person or by proxy, at a meeting of the Company. c) Capital Management When managing capital, the Board's objective is to ensure the Company continues as a going concern as well as to maintain optimal returns to shareholders and benefits for other stakeholders. In the short to medium term the Company is focussed on maintaining an appropriate level of working capital. Until achievement of profitable operations and positive cash flow, the Directors do not anticipate paying dividends. The level of dividends paid by the Company in the future will depend upon the availability of distributable earnings, the Company’s franking credit position, operating results, available cash flow, financial condition, taxation position, future capital requirements, as well as general business and financial conditions and any other factors the Directors may consider relevant. VDM is not subject to any externally imposed capital requirements. 56 VDM GROUP LIMITED NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2018 23. ACCUMULATED LOSSES AND RESERVES a) Movement in accumulated losses Balance at 1 July (289,364) (286,133) Net loss attributable to members of VDM Group Limited (2,881) (3,231) Balance at 30 June (292,245) (289,364) 2018 $000 2017 $000 b) Movement in equity reserve Balance at 1 July Balance at 30 June 457 457 457 457 Equity reserve The equity reserve is used to record differences between the carrying value of non-controlling interests and the consideration paid/received, where there has been a transaction involving non- controlling interests that did not result in a loss of control. The reserve is attributable to the equity of the parent. CASHFLOW STATEMENT INFORMATION 24. Reconciliation of net profit after tax to the net cash flows from operations 2018 $000 2017 $000 Net loss after tax Non-cash items: Depreciation and amortisation Impairment of assets Profit on disposal of property, plant and equipment Share of equity accounted loss Change in operating assets and liabilities: Decrease/(increase) in trade and other receivables Decrease/(increase) in inventory Increase in trade and other creditors Decrease in provisions (2,881) (3,231) 96 350 (9) - 140 164 406 (654) 189 412 (1,256) 409 (324) (109) 90 (560) Net cash flows used in operating activities (2,388) (4,380) 57 VDM GROUP LIMITED NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2018 25. RELATED PARTY DISCLOSURE Note 3 provides the information about VDM’s structure including details of the subsidiaries and the parent company. a) Ultimate parent VDM Group Limited is the ultimate Australian parent entity. b) Due from associates At 30 June 2018, the amount due from associates is Nil (2017: Nil) c) Transactions with key management personnel Luk Hiuming As at 30 June 2018, VDM owed $143,000 to Mr Luk which related to directors’ fees that have not been paid on his instruction. No interest accrues and the outstanding amount is due when demanded by Mr Luk. Kengkong On 27 January 2016, VDM entered into a Framework Loan Agreement (“FLA”) with its largest shareholder, Australia Kengkong Investments Co Pty Ltd (“Kengkong”). The FLA contemplates the parties entering into a secured one-year 6% loan facility that will incorporate the FLA liabilities. Until that occurs, the FLA advances plus interest accrued at 6% per annum are immediately repayable in the denominated currency when demanded by Kengkong. VDM’s Non-executive Chairman Mr Luk controls Kengkong, refer to note 20 for full detailed disclosure on outstanding balance. H&H As at 30 June 2018, VDM owed H&H Holdings Australia Pty Ltd (“H&H”) $75,000 of underwriting commissions for the Company’s December 2013 Rights Issue (2017: $75,000) No interest accrues and the outstanding amount is due when demanded by H&H. Dr Hua, VDM’s Executive Director of Mining controls H&H. d) Transactions with related parties other than key management personnel There were no transactions entered into with related parties other than key management personnel during the years ended 30 June 2018, and 30 June 2017, except for those noted above. e) Compensation for key management personnel Short term Long term Post-employment Total compensation 2018 $ 2017 $ 485,384 1,019,277 2,875 5,919 39,788 74,470 528,047 1,099,666 58 VDM GROUP LIMITED NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2018 26. FINANCIAL ASSETS AND FINANCIAL LIABILITIES a) Financial assets Cash and cash equivalents (note 11) Security deposits (note 12) Trade and other receivables (note 13) Total Financial Assets b) Financial liabilities 3,954 38 53 1,366 1,017 193 4,045 2,576 Current interest-bearing loans and borrowings 6% secured interest-bearing loan from Kengkong (note 20) Total current interest-bearing loans and borrowings 9,800 9,800 9,098 9,098 c) Other financial liabilities Other financial liabilities, other than interest-bearing loans and borrowings Trade and other payables (note 19) Total other financial liabilities 5,457 5,457 5,465 5,465 d) Financial instruments risk management objectives and policies The Group’s principal financial liabilities, comprise of loans and borrowings and trade and other payables. The main purpose of these financial liabilities is to finance the Group’s operations and to provide guarantees to support its operations. The Group’s principal financial assets include trade and other receivables, and cash and security deposits that derive directly from its operations. Credit, liquidity and market risk (including interest rate and foreign exchange risk) arise in the normal course of VDM’s business. VDM manages its exposure to these key financial risks in accordance with VDM’s financial risk management policy. The objective of the policy is to support the delivery of VDM’s financial targets whilst protecting future financial security. VDM’s principal financial instruments comprise receivables, payables, loans, hire purchase liabilities, cash and security deposits. VDM uses different methods to measure and manage different types of risks to which it is exposed. These include monitoring levels of exposure to interest rate and foreign exchange risk and assessments of market forecasts for interest rate and foreign exchange. Ageing analysis and monitoring of specific credit allowances are undertaken to manage credit risk, liquidity risk is monitored through the development of future rolling cash flow forecasts. Primary responsibility for identification and control of financial risks rests with the Audit and Risk Committee under the authority of the Board. The Board reviews and agrees policies for managing each of the risks identified below. Interest rate risk Interest rate risk is the risk that the Group’s financial position will be adversely affected by movements in interest rates that will increase the cost of floating rate debt or opportunity losses that may arise on fixed rate borrowings in a falling interest rate environment. Shareholder loans bear a fixed interest rate therefore they are not exposed to any interest rate risk. 59 VDM GROUP LIMITED NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2018 26. FINANCIAL ASSETS AND FINANCIAL LIABILITIES (CONTINUED) The financial instruments exposed to variable interest rate risk are as follows: Financial assets Cash and cash equivalents (note 11) Security deposits (note 12) Balance at the end of the year 3,954 38 3,992 1,366 1,017 2,383 The following table summarises the sensitivity on the interest rate exposures (excluding opportunity cost of fixed rate borrowings) in existence at the balance sheet date. The sensitivity is based on foreseeable changes over a financial year. Post-tax gain / (loss) + 1% (100 basis points) - 1% (100 basis points) 40 (40) 24 (24) The movement in profit is due to lower/higher interest income from variable rate cash balances. Other than retained earnings, there is no impact on equity in the consolidated entity. Credit risk Credit risk arises from the financial assets of VDM, which comprises cash and cash equivalents and trade and other receivables. VDM’s exposure to credit risk arises from potential default of the counter party, with a maximum exposure equal to the carrying amount of these instruments. VDM manages its credit risk by trading only with recognised, creditworthy third parties, and as such collateral is not requested nor is it VDM’s policy to securitise its trade and other receivables. Customers are subject to credit verification procedures including an assessment of their independent credit rating, financial position, past experience and industry reputation. Receivables balances are monitored on an ongoing basis. VDM has a concentration trade receivables credit risk with its major customer (refer to “major customers” in note 4). Financial instruments are held amongst reputable financial institutions thus minimising the risk of default of these counterparties. The maximum exposure to credit risk at the reporting date was as follows: Cash and cash equivalents (note 11) Security deposits (note 12) Trade and other receivables (note 13) 2018 $000 2017 $000 3,954 38 53 1,366 1,017 193 4,045 2,576 Foreign currency risk Foreign currency risk arises from transactions, assets and liabilities that are denominated in a currency that is not the functional currency of the transacting entity. Measuring the exposure to foreign currency risk is achieved by regularly monitoring and performing sensitivity analysis on VDM’s financial position. Currently there is no foreign exchange hedge programme in place. 60 VDM GROUP LIMITED NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2018 26. FINANCIAL ASSETS AND FINANCIAL LIABILITIES (CONTINUED) The financial instruments exposed to US dollar foreign exchange rate risk are as follows: Financial assets Cash and cash equivalents Balance at the end of the year Financial liabilities 132 132 131 131 Interest bearing loans and other borrowings (note 20) 4,704 4,272 The following table summarises the sensitivity on US dollar foreign exchange rate exposures, in existence at the balance sheet date. The sensitivity is based on foreseeable changes over a financial year. Post-tax gain / (loss) + 10% (100 basis points) - 10% (100 basis points) Liquidity risk (457) 457 (414) 414 Liquidity risk is the risk that the entity will encounter difficulty in meeting its commitments concerning its financial liabilities. As a result, the liquidity position of VDM Group is managed to ensure sufficient liquid funds are available to meet our financial commitments in a timely and cost-effective manner. VDM continually monitors its liquidity position including cash flow forecasts to determine the forecast liquidity position and maintain appropriate liquidity levels. The objective of VDM is to have sufficient cash and finance facilities to meet short term commitments, and to fund capital and exploration expenditures through operating cash flow and equity capital raisings. The table below reflects all contractually fixed payments for settlement, repayments and interest resulting from recognised financial assets and liabilities and does not recognise any cash for unresolved claims against projects which have not been recognised as income. The table also excludes contractual commitments classified as operating leases (refer to note 28). The obligations presented are the undiscounted cash flows for the respective upcoming fiscal years. Cash flows for financial assets and liabilities without fixed amount or timing are based on the conditions existing at 30 June 2018. 2018 $000 2017 $000 Repayment obligations in respect of loans, hire purchase facilities and trade and other payables are as follows: Not later than one year 15,257 14,563 Later than one year but not later than two years Later than two years but not later than three years Later than three years - - - - - - 15,257 14,563 61 VDM GROUP LIMITED NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2018 26. FINANCIAL ASSETS AND FINANCIAL LIABILITIES (CONTINUED) The following table reflects a maturity analysis of financial liabilities. Total $000 0-60 Days $000 61 Days - 1 Year $000 1- 5 Years $000 >5 Years $000 Year ended 30 June 2018 Financial liabilities Trade and other payables (note 19) Interest bearing loans and other borrowings (note 20) 5,457 768 4,689 9,800 9,800 - Total financial liabilities 15,257 10,568 4,689 Year ended 30 June 2017 Financial liabilities Trade and other payables (note 19) Interest bearing loans and other borrowings (note 20) 5,465 770 4,695 9,098 9,098 - Total financial liabilities 14,563 9,868 4,695 e) Fair value - - - - - - - - - - - - At 30 June 2018 there are no financial assets or financial liabilities which are accounted for at fair value. Carrying amounts approximate the fair value of financial assets and financial liabilities presented in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position. f) Changes in liabilities arising from financial activities 1 Jul 2017 Cash flows $000 $000 Foreign exchange movement $000 Accrued Interest Other 30 Jun 2018 $000 $000 $000 Year ended 30 June 2018 Current interest- bearing loans and borrowings Total liabilities from financing activities Year ended 30 June 2017 Current interest- bearing loans and borrowings Total liabilities from financing activities 9,098 - 169 533 9,098 - 169 533 - - 9,800 9,800 1 Jul 2016 $000 Cash flows $000 Foreign exchange movement $000 Accrued Interest Other 30 Jun 2017 $000 $000 $000 4,421 1,500 (74) 452 2,799 9,098 4,421 1,500 (74) 452 2,799 9,098 The ‘Other’ column includes an amount paid on an outstanding payable by Kengkong on behalf of the Group (refer note 20d). 62 VDM GROUP LIMITED NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2018 27. PARENT ENTITY INFORMATION Current assets Total assets Current liabilities Total liabilities Issued capital Accumulated loss Option reserve Total shareholders’ equity 2018 $000 2017 $000 3,989 16,045 15,089 15,123 1,772 14,352 14,488 14,536 292,710 288,722 (292,245) (289,364) 457 922 457 (185) Loss of parent entity (2,881) (3,231) Total comprehensive loss of the parent entity (2,881) (3,231) a) Bank guarantees As at 30 June 2018, VDM Group Limited had $18,000 of bank guarantees on issue as security for leased properties (2017: $403,000). As at 30 June 2018, VDM Group Limited was exposed contingent liabilities of AOA 53,313,000 related to bank guarantees provided to the Angolan government for contractual obligations under the Cachoeiras do Binga Mining Investment Contract. AOA is the currency of the Republic of Angola and the 30 June 2018 contingent amount translates to AUD $291,000 (2017: AUD $418,000). b) Guarantees in relation to debts of subsidiaries Pursuant to ASIC Corporations (Wholly-owned Companies) Instrument 2016/785 VDM Group Limited and the Closed Group entered into a Deed of Cross Guarantee on 1 February 2010. The effect of the deed is that VDM Group Limited has guaranteed to pay any deficiency in the event of winding up of controlled entities or if they do not meet their obligations under the terms of overdrafts, loans, leases or other liabilities subject to the guarantee. c) Property, plant and equipment commitments VDM Group Limited had no capital commitments at 30 June 2018 (2017: nil). 63 VDM GROUP LIMITED NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2018 28. COMMITMENTS a) Operating leases Within one year One year or later but no later than 5 years After more than 5 years Total minimum lease payments 2018 $000 2017 $000 13 - - 13 810 277 - 1,087 b) Property, plant and equipment commitments VDM has no capital expenditure commitments at 30 June 2018 (2017: nil). c) Legal claims The following matters could lead to VDM incurring material losses if the claimants are successful with their claims: Construction claim VDM and a customer have offsetting claims relating to a terminated construction project in Western Australia in 2013 and neither party has taken legal action to enforce their claims. The amount and expected timing of the claims is not disclosed as this could prejudice VDM in the dispute. Mechanical services consulting claim During the period, VDM received notification of a claim related to consulting work on the installation of mechanical services for two commercial buildings located in Western Australia during 2008 and 2009. As a result VDM has provided an amount equal to its maximum exposure of $250,000 relating to this matter under its insurance policy less legal costs to date of $45,000. d) Bank guarantees As at 30 June 2018, VDM had $18,000 of bank guarantees on issue as security for leased commercial property and to guarantee performance of contracts (2017: $977,000). 29. EVENTS AFTER THE REPORTING PERIOD On 19 July 2018, the Company announced the appointment of Dr Chris Yu to the position of Exploration and Mine Manager on a permanent basis. Pursuant to the terms of Dr Yu’s remuneration arrangements, Dr Yu was issued 52 million options with an exercise price of 1.6 cents and an expiry date of 31 July 2021. Apart from the above, there have been no significant events occur after 30 June 2018 date and up to the date of this report. 64 VDM GROUP LIMITED NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2018 30. AUDITOR’S REMUNERATION Amount received or receivable by Ernst & Young Australia for: Auditing financial statements Non-audit fees (tax compliance & other advisory) Total auditor's remuneration 67,783 62,744 - - 67,783 62,744 2018 $ 2017 $ 31. CLOSED GROUP CLASS ORDER DISCLOSURES The consolidated financial statements include the financial statements of VDM Group Limited and the subsidiaries listed in the following table. Subsidiary Name Country of Incorporation % equity interest 2017 2018 * VDM Trading Pty Ltd VDM Mining Pty Ltd VDM Equipment Pty Ltd VDM Construction Pty Ltd Keytown Constructions Pty Ltd VDM Developments Pty Ltd * * * * * * VVDM Engineering (Eastern Operations) Pty Ltd * Burchill VDM Pty Ltd * VVDM Group Limited International (Dubai Australia Australia Australia Australia Australia Australia Australia Australia Australia * Branch) Pty Ltd BCA Consultants Pty Ltd VDM Africa Holidings Ltd The EB Trust Australia British Virgin Islands Australia 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% a) Entities subject to class order relief * The annotated companies and VDM Group Limited entered into a Deed of Cross Guarantee on 1 February 2010 (the “Closed Group”). The effect of the deed is that VDM Group Limited has guaranteed to pay any deficiency in the event of winding up of controlled entities or if they do not meet their obligations under the terms of overdrafts, loans, leases or other liabilities subject to the guarantee. The controlled entities have also given a similar guarantee in the event that VDM Group Limited is wound up or if it does not meet its obligations under the terms of overdrafts, loans, leases or other liabilities subject to the guarantee. 65 VDM GROUP LIMITED NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2018 31. CLOSED GROUP CLASS ORDER DISCLOSURES (CONTINUED) The consolidated statement of comprehensive income and statement of financial position of the entities that are members of the Closed Group are as follows: b) Statement of comprehensive income Closed Group 2018 $000 2017 $000 Loss from continuing operations before income tax (2,532) (3,477) Income tax expense - - Loss from continuing operations after income tax (2,532) (3,477) Profit from discontinued operations after income tax - 659 Loss for the year Non-controlling interest Dividends paid (2,532) (2,818) - - - - Accumulated losses at the beginning of the year (285,845) (283,027) Accumulated losses at the end of the year (288,377) (285,845) 66 VDM GROUP LIMITED NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2018 31. CLOSED GROUP CLASS ORDER DISCLOSURES (CONTINUED) c) Statement of financial position ASSETS Current Assets Cash and cash equivalents Security deposits Trade and other receivables Inventory Total Current Assets Non-Current Assets Security deposits Exploration and evaluation assets Property, plant and equipment Total Non-Current Assets Total Assets Liabilities Current Liabilities Trade and other payables Interest-bearing loans and borrowings Provisions Total Current Liabilities Non-Current Liabilities Provisions Total Non-Current Liabilities Total Liabilities Net Assets Equity Contributed equity Equity reserve Retained losses Total Equity Closed Group 2018 $000 2017 $000 3,952 38 5,174 - 9,164 - 11,174 882 12,056 21,220 1,363 198 5,314 165 7,040 819 11,128 978 12,925 19,965 5,458 9,800 1,138 5,464 9,098 2,021 16,396 16,583 34 34 16,430 4,790 48 48 16,631 3,334 292,710 288,722 457 457 (288,377) (285,845) 4,790 3,334 67 VDM GROUP LIMITED DIRECTORS’ DECLARATION FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2018 DIRECTORS’ DECLARATION In accordance with a resolution of the directors of VDM Group Limited, I state that: In the opinion of the directors: (a) the financial statements and notes of the consolidated entity are in accordance with the Corporations Act 2001, including: (i) giving a true and fair view of the consolidated entity’s financial position as at 30 June 2018 and of its performance for the year ended on that date; and (ii) complying with Australian Accounting Standards (including the Australian Accounting Interpretations) and the Corporations Regulations 2001; (b) (c) (d) (e) the financial statements and notes also comply with International Financial Reporting Standards as disclosed in note 2(b); subject to the satisfactory achievement of the matters described in note 2(d), there are reasonable grounds to believe that the consolidated entity will be able to pay its debts as and when they become due and payable; this declaration has been made after receiving the declarations required to be made to the Directors in accordance with section 295A of the Corporations Act 2001 for the financial year ending 30 June 2018; and subject to the satisfactory achievement of the matters described in note 2(d), as at the date of this declaration, there are reasonable grounds to believe that the members of the Closed Group identified in Note 31 will be able to meet any obligations or liabilities to which they are or may become subject, by virtue of the Deed of Cross Guarantee. On behalf of the Board Dr Hua Dongyi Executive Director of Mining Perth, Western Australia 4 October 2018 68 VDM GROUP LIMITED INDEPENDENT AUDIT OR’S REPORT FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2018 INDEPENDENT AUDITOR’S REPORT 69 VDM GROUP LIMITED INDEPENDENT AUDIT OR’S REPORT FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2018 70 VDM GROUP LIMITED INDEPENDENT AUDIT OR’S REPORT FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2018 71 VDM GROUP LIMITED INDEPENDENT AUDIT OR’S REPORT FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2018 72 VDM GROUP LIMITED INDEPENDENT AUDIT OR’S REPORT FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2018 73 VDM GROUP LIMITED ASX ADDITIONAL INFORMATION FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2018 ASX ADDITIONAL INFORMATION Additional information required by ASX Listing Rules and not shown elsewhere in the report is set out below. The information is current as of 27 September 2018. TWENTY LARGEST SHAREHOLDERS Shareholder Australia Kengkong Investments Co Pty Ltd H & H Holdings Australia Pty Ltd Thriving Treasure Limited CF International Development Limited Sino Plant Holding Limited Citicorp Nominees Pty Limited Seawire Limited Golden Bloom Investments Pty Ltd J P Morgan Nominees Australia Limited Miss Xiaoli Jia Miss Shan He Mr Yuejin Li & Mr David Shuo Li Ms Chang Li BNP Paribas Nominees Pty Ltd Myoora Pty Ltd Mr Aaron Francis Quirk Mr Brian Hon Leung Lee Mr Van Tuan Vo Miss Fang Ning Du HSBC Custody NomineesNumber of ordinary fully paid shares held % held of shares 2,070,000,000 1,085,110,976 520,000,000 400,000,000 250,000,000 158,296,743 130,000,000 125,000,000 50,375,209 40,892,000 33,502,126 30,000,000 22,000,000 21,824,474 20,000,000 18,478,250 18,000,000 17,938,358 17,020,353 16,981,794 35.22 18.47 8.85 6.81 4.25 2.69 2.21 2.13 0.86 0.70 0.57 0.51 0.37 0.37 0.34 0.31 0.31 0.31 0.29 0.29 Total 5,045,420,283 85.86 SHARES IN VOLUNTARY ESCROW There are no shares in voluntary escrow SUBSTANTIAL SHAREHOLDINGS The following shareholders have declared a relevant interest in the number of voting shares at the date of giving notice under Part 6C.1 of the Corporations Act. Shareholder Australia Kengkong Investments Co Pty Ltd H & H Holdings Australia Pty Ltd Thriving Treasure Limited CF International Development Limited Number of ordinary fully paid shares held 2,070,000,000 1,085,110,976 520,000,000 400,000,000 % held of shares 35.22 18.47 8.85 6.81 74 VDM GROUP LIMITED ASX ADDITIONAL INFORMATION FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2018 DISTRIBUTION OF SHAREHOLDINGS Range of holding 1 - 1,000 1,001 - 5,000 5,001 - 10,000 10,001 - 100,000 100,001 - 9,999,999,999 Total Number of shareholders 171 107 80 559 770 Number of ordinary shares 18,021 339,593 631,704 31,557,461 5,845,114,173 % of shares - 0.01 0.01 0.54 99.44 1,687 5,877,660,952 100.00 The number of shareholders with less than a marketable parcel is 1,057 holding in total 50,633,480 shares. VOTING RIGHTS All ordinary shares issued by VDM Group Limited carry one vote per share without restriction. 75