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Revolution MedicinesVERACYTE, INC. FORM 10-K (Annual Report) Filed 03/01/17 for the Period Ending 12/31/16 Address Telephone CIK Symbol SIC Code Industry 6000 SHORELINE COURT, SUITE 300 SOUTH SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94080 (650) 243-6300 0001384101 VCYT 8071 - Medical Laboratories Biotechnology & Medical Research Sector Healthcare Fiscal Year 12/31 http://www.edgar-online.com © Copyright 2017, EDGAR Online, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Distribution and use of this document restricted under EDGAR Online, Inc. Terms of Use. UNITED STATESSECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSIONWashington, D.C. 20549Form 10-K(Mark One)ýANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016oTRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934For the transition period from to Commission File Number 001-36156VERACYTE, INC.(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter) Delaware(State or Other Jurisdiction ofIncorporation or Organization) 20-5455398(I.R.S. EmployerIdentification Number) 6000 Shoreline Court, Suite 300South San Francisco, California 94080(Address of Principal Executive Offices, Including Zip Code)(650) 243-6300(Registrant's Telephone Number, Including Area Code)Securities Registered Pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: Title of Each Class Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC Securities Registered Pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: NoneIndicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes o No ýIndicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Act. Yes o No ýIndicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months(or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ý No oIndicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and postedpursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ý No oIndicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant's knowledge,in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. ýIndicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of "largeaccelerated filer," "accelerated filer" and "smaller reporting company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):Large accelerated filer oAccelerated filer ýNon-accelerated filer oSmaller reporting companyo (Do not check if asmaller reporting company) Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes o No ýAs of June 30, 2016 , the aggregate market value of common stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant was approximately $87.5 million , based on the closing price of the commonstock as reported on The NASDAQ Global Market for that date.The number of shares of the registrant's Common Stock outstanding as of February 24, 2017 was 33,848,284DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCEItem 10 (as to directors and Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance), 11, 12, 13 and 14 of Part III incorporate by reference information from the registrant's proxystatement to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission in connection with the solicitation of proxies for the registrant's 2017 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be held on June 6,2017.Table of ContentsTABLE OF CONTENTS Item No.Page No.PART I Item 1. Business1Item 1A. Risk Factors18Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments 39Item 2. Properties39Item 3. Legal Proceedings39Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosure39PART II Item 5. Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities40Item 6. Selected Financial Data41Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations43Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk87Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data59Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure86Item 9A. Controls and Procedures86Item 9B. Other Information87PART III Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance88Item 11. Executive Compensation88Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters88Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence88Item 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services88PART IV Item 15. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules89Item 16. Form 10-K Summary93SIGNATURES93Table of ContentsPART IITEM 1. BUSINESSBUSINESSThis report contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. When used in this report, thewords "expects," "anticipates," "intends," "estimates," "plans," "believes," "continuing," "ongoing," and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements. These are statements that relate to future events and include, but are not limited to, the factors that may impact our financial results; ourexpectations regarding revenue; our expectations with respect to our future research and development, general and administrative and selling and marketingexpenses and our anticipated uses of our funds; our expectations regarding capital expenditures; our anticipated cash needs and our estimates regarding our capitalrequirements; our need for additional financing; potential future sources of cash; our business strategy and our ability to execute our strategy; our ability to achieveand maintain reimbursement from third-party payers at acceptable levels and our expectations regarding the timing of reimbursement; the estimated size of theglobal markets for our tests; the attributes and potential benefits of our tests and any future tests we may develop to patients, physicians and payers; the factors webelieve drive demand for and reimbursement of our tests; our ability to sustain or increase demand for our tests; our intent to expand into other clinical areas; ourability to develop new tests, and the timeframes for development or commercialization; our ability to get our data and clinical studies accepted in peer-reviewedpublications; our dependence on and the terms of our agreement with TCP, and on other strategic relationships, and the success of those relationships; our beliefsregarding our laboratory capacity; the applicability of clinical results to actual outcomes; our expectations regarding our international expansion; the occurrence,timing, outcome or success of clinical trials or studies; the ability of our tests to impact treatment decisions; our beliefs regarding our competitive position; ourcompliance with federal, state and international regulations; the potential impact of regulation of our tests by the FDA or other regulatory bodies; the impact of newor changing policies, regulation or legislation, or of judicial decisions, on our business; ; the impact of seasonal fluctuations and economic conditions on ourbusiness; our belief that we have taken reasonable steps to protect our intellectual property; the impact of accounting pronouncements and our critical accountingpolicies, judgments, estimates, models and assumptions on our financial results; and anticipated trends and challenges in our business and the markets in which weoperate.Forward-looking statements are based on our current plans and expectations and involve risks and uncertainties which could cause actual results to differmaterially. These risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to, those risks discussed in Part I, Item 1A of this report, as well as risks and uncertaintiesrelated to: our limited operating history and history of losses since inception; our ability to increase usage of and reimbursement for our tests; our dependence on alimited number of payers for a significant portion of our revenue; the complexity, time and expense associated with billing and collecting for our test; current andfuture laws, regulations and judicial decisions applicable to our business, including potential regulation by the FDA or by regulatory bodies outside of the UnitedStates; changes in legislation related to the U.S. healthcare system; our dependence on strategic relationships and collaborations; unanticipated delays in researchand development efforts; our ability to develop and commercialize new products and the timing of commercialization; our ability to successfully enter new productor geographic markets; our ability to conduct clinical studies and the outcomes of such clinical studies; the applicability of clinical results to actual outcomes;trends and challenges in our business; our ability to compete against other companies, products and technologies; our ability to protect our intellectual property;and our ability to obtain capital when needed. These forward-looking statements speak only as of the date hereof. We expressly disclaim any obligation orundertaking to update any forward-looking statements contained herein to reflect any change in our expectations with regard thereto or any change in events,conditions or circumstances on which any such statement is based.When used in this report, all references to "Veracyte," the "company," "we," "our" and "us" refer to Veracyte, Inc.Veracyte, Afirma, Percepta, Envisia, the Veracyte logo and the Afirma logo are our trademarks. We also refer to trademarks of other corporations ororganizations in this report.This annual report contains statistical data and estimates that we obtained from industry publications and reports. These publications typically indicate thatthey have obtained their information from sources they believe to be reliable, but do not guarantee the accuracy and completeness of their information. Some datacontained in this annual report is also based on our internal estimates. Although we have not independently verified the third-party data, we are responsible for itsinclusion in the annual report and believe it to be reasonable.1Table of ContentsGeneralWe are a leading genomic diagnostics company that is fundamentally improving patient care by resolving diagnostic uncertainty with evidence that istrustworthy and actionable. Our products uniquely combine genomic technology, clinical science and machine learning to provide answers that give physicians andpatients a clear path forward without risky, costly surgery that is often unnecessary.Our vision is to lead a transformation of diagnostics with a new genomic standard of truth. Our goal is to drive shareholder value by improving patientoutcomes and reducing the cost of healthcare.The role of genomic information in medical practice is evolving rapidly and has affected the diagnosis of disease as well as treatment decisions. Over the pastdecade, molecular diagnostic tests that analyze genomic material from surgical tissue samples have emerged as an important complement to evaluations performedby pathologists. Information at the molecular level enables one to understand more fully the makeup and specific subtype of disease to improve diagnosis. In manycases, the genomic information derived from these samples can help guide treatment decisions as part of the standard of care.While genomic and technological advances are fueling the imagination about what is possible in medicine, we remain focused on delivering tests that changeclinical decision making and improve patient outcomes.We deploy machine learning methods and RNA expression to improve diagnostic clarity for cancer and other diseases. In our thyroid and lung cancerindications, diagnosis can be ambiguous in approximately 15-70% of patients undergoing diagnostic evaluation. Our tests provide clarity of diagnosis that can inturn guide treatment decisions in approximately half of those cases, eliminating costly, risky surgeries and other unnecessary medical procedures, improving thelives of patients and saving the healthcare system money.Since our founding in 2008, we have commercialized three genomic tests that we believe are transforming diagnostics: the Afirma Gene ExpressionClassifier, or GEC, for thyroid cancer; the Percepta Bronchial Genomic Classifier for lung cancer; and the Envisia Genomic Classifier for idiopathic pulmonaryfibrosis, or IPF. Collectively, we believe these three tests address a $2 billion global market opportunity.Patients typically access our tests through their physician during the diagnostic process. All of our testing services are made available through our clinicalreference laboratories located in San Francisco, California and Austin, Texas, which are each certified under the Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments of1988, or CLIA.The published evidence supporting our tests demonstrates the robustness of our science and clinical studies. Patients and physicians can access our full list ofpublications on our website. Nearly 30 clinical studies covering our products have been published, including two landmark clinical validation papers published inThe New England Journal of Medicine . We continue to build upon our extensive library of clinical evidence. We also expect to continue expanding our offeringsin thyroid cancer, lung cancer and interstitial lung diseases such as IPF, as well as other cancer indications that we believe will benefit from our technology andapproach.We believe our focus on developing clinically useful tests that change patient care is enabling the company to set new standards in genomic testreimbursement. Our flagship product, the Afirma GEC, is now covered for more than 200 million people in the U.S. for use in thyroid cancer diagnosis and oursecond commercial product, the Percepta classifier, is the first genomic test to gain Medicare coverage for improved lung cancer screening and diagnosis.Company BackgroundWe were incorporated in Delaware as Calderome, Inc. in August 2006. Calderome operated as an incubator until early 2008. We changed our name toVeracyte, Inc. in March 2008. Our principal executive offices are located at 6000 Shoreline Court, Suite 300, South San Francisco, California 94080 and ourtelephone number is (650) 243-6300. Our website address is www.veracyte.com. Our website and the information contained therein or connected thereto are notintended to be incorporated into this Annual Report on Form 10-K.We make available free of charge on our website our annual report on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K andamendments to those reports as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file or furnish such materials to the Securities and Exchange Commission, orSEC. The reports are also available at www.sec.gov.2Table of ContentsFourth Quarter and Full-Year 2016 Financial Results•Revenue for the three- and twelve-month periods ended December 31, 2016 was $18.3 million and $65.1 million, respectively, an increase of 30% and31% over the prior year.•Afirma Gene Expression Classifier (GEC) Reported Volume for the three- and twelve-month periods ended December 31, 2016 was 6,313 and 23,237,respectively, an increase of 13% and 20% over the prior year.•Operating Expenses for the three- and twelve-month periods ended December 31, 2016, were $21.9 million and $93.9 million, respectively, an increase of0% and 13% over the prior year.•Net Loss and Comprehensive Loss for the three- and twelve-month periods ended December 31, 2016 was ($4.4) million and ($31.4) million,respectively, a 45% and 7% reduction from the prior year.•Cash and cash equivalents was $59.2 million at December 31, 2016. During the twelve-month period ended December 31, 2016, the company raised$51.1 million in capital, including $19.2 million in net proceeds from its March 2016 debt financing and $31.9 million in net proceeds from a publicoffering of common stock.•Cash Burn for the three- and twelve-month periods ended December 31, 2016 (which is defined as net cash used in operating activities and purchases ofproperty and equipment), was $4.7 million and $32.2 million, respectively, a 33% and 3% improvement compared to the prior year.2016 and Recent Business HighlightsReimbursement:•Executed a Blues group-purchasing agreement in April 2016, accelerating Blues plan in-network contracting and overall reimbursement for the AfirmaGEC thyroid cancer test. As of February 28, 2017, the company has more than 70 million Blues plan members under coverage and nearly 25 millionunder contract.•Expanded overall covered lives for the Afirma GEC by 50 million to nearly 225 million and overall contracted lives by 25 million to over 155 million asof February 28, 2017.•Achieved draft Medicare coverage policies for the Percepta Bronchial Genomic Classifier for use in lung cancer screening and diagnosis, leading to twofinal policies scheduled to become effective in March 2017.Clinical Evidence and Commercial Expansion:•Clinical utility and cost-effectiveness data for the Percepta classifier were presented at the American Thoracic Society and the CHEST annual meetings,further suggesting that use of the Percepta classifier changes patient care and reduces healthcare costs as intended. •Launched the Envisia Genomic Classifier at the CHEST annual meeting in October 2016, in conjunction with the presentation of new data suggesting thetest’s ability to significantly improve the diagnosis of IPF without the need for risky, expensive surgery.Pipeline Advancements:•Presented data at the American Thyroid Association meeting in September 2016, demonstrating the potential for a next-generation Afirma GEC, plannedfor 2017 introduction, to substantially increase the percentage of patients with benign thyroid nodules who may be able to avoid unnecessary surgery. •Data were published in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute suggesting the potential for the “field of injury” technology behind Veracyte’sPercepta classifier to enable lung cancer detection using a simple, non-invasive nasal swab test.3Table of ContentsOur ProductsWe strive to develop and commercialize products that become the standard of care. Since our founding in 2008 we have commercialized three products:Afirma Thyroid FNA Analysis - The center piece of our Afirma solution is the Afirma GEC, which employs a proprietary 142-gene signature to determinewhether thyroid nodules previously classified by cytopathology as indeterminate can be reclassified as benign, thus enabling the patient to avoid anunnecessary surgery. An additional 25 genes are used to differentiate uncommon neoplasm subtypes. The Afirma GEC was the first product of its kind tomarket and we believe it is the clear market leader in its indication.Percepta Bronchial Genomic Classifier - The 23-gene Percepta classifier improves lung cancer screening and diagnosis by identifying patients at low risk ofcancer among those whose lung nodules are not clearly benign or malignant following traditional evaluation. The test analyzes genomic changes that occur inthe epithelial cells lining the airways of current or former smokers to assess a patient’s risk of having lung cancer, without the need to test the often-hard-to-reach nodule directly. The Percepta classifier is the first product of its kind to market and the first to obtain Medicare coverage for the improved screeningand diagnosis of lung cancer.Envisia Genomic Classifier - Commercialized in October 2016, the Envisia classifier is designed to improve physicians’ ability to differentiate idiopathicpulmonary fibrosis, or IPF, from other interstitial lung diseases, or ILD, without the need for invasive and potentially risky surgery. The Envisia classifieruses machine learning coupled with powerful, deep RNA sequencing to detect the presence or absence of usual interstitial pneumonia, or UIP, a classicdiagnostic pattern whose presence is essential for the diagnosis of IPF. The Envisia classifier is the first product of its kind to market and we expect it to gainMedicare coverage in 2018.Our PipelineWe believe we have a rich pipeline to sustain long-term growth. We characterize the stages of a product’s development as progressing from discovery todevelopment, to commercialization, to Medicare coverage and, finally, to private insurance coverage. The following pipeline describes internally developedproducts, product extensions and new indications. We also continue to evaluate acquisitions of intellectual property and corporate acquisitions that we believeanswer the right clinical questions.Endocrinology•Enhanced Afirma GEC - We are developing a product enhancement to our current Afirma test, which we believe will maintain the Afirma GEC's highsensitivity and negative predictive value, while potentially further increasing the test's specificity and thus the number of benign surgeries that canpotentially be avoided.•Risk of Recurrence - We are in the discovery phase for a risk of recurrence classifier.Pulmonology•Expanded Indications for the Percepta Classifier - We are evaluating enhancements to our product, which we envision would allow us to expand theintended use population for our test.•Nasal Classifier - We are in the discovery phase for a nasal test, based on our proprietary “field of injury” technology, that would potentially allow us totest patients at a different point in the clinical pathway of care.•Rx Response - We are in the discovery phase for a test that could help guide treatment decisions for IPF patients based upon their genomic profile.Market OpportunityWe believe diagnostic uncertainty is a critical healthcare issue that leads to hundreds of thousands of unnecessary surgeries, delayed or potentially harmfultreatments and billions of wasted healthcare dollars each year. We believe that our three commercial tests address a $2 billion global market opportunity and thatour markets are expanding due to increased screening or other market factors.4Table of ContentsThyroid Market Opportunity for Our Afirma SolutionEach year in the United States, we estimate that among the 525,000 patients who undergo a fine needle aspiration, or FNA, biopsy, 15 to 30 percent of resultsare inconclusive, or indeterminate, meaning not clearly benign or malignant. Historically, most of these patients were directed to thyroid surgery for a moredefinitive diagnosis. Following surgery, however, 70 to 80 percent of cases proved to be benign, meaning the surgery was unnecessary. We believe our Afirma testclassifies approximately 50% of the indeterminate cases on which it is used as benign, thereby potentially enabling up to 80,000 surgeries to be avoided annually.We believe the addressable market opportunity for our Afirma solution is approximately $800 million globally, $500 million in the United States and $300million internationally. We believe that we have penetrated approximately 25 to 30 percent of the United States thyroid FNA market for the Afirma GEC. Wecurrently do not have meaningful operations or sales outside the United States.We announced in 2016 that we are working on an enhanced version of our Afirma GEC that we believe will further reduce unnecessary surgeries byreclassifying inconclusive biopsies as benign from 50% currently up to 70% while maintaining high sensitivity and negative predictive value, or NPV (i.e.,probability that patients with a negative test result truly do not have thyroid cancer).Lung Cancer Market Opportunity for Our Percepta ClassifierLung cancer is often difficult to diagnose without invasive, risky and costly surgeries. Approximately 225,000 people are diagnosed with lung cancer eachyear in the U.S. and nearly 160,000 people die annually from lung cancer. We estimate that approximately 1.8 to 2.0 million lung nodules are identified in patientsin the United States each year and that doctors perform approximately 350,000 bronchoscopies on these patients. A bronchoscopy is a non-surgical procedure thatis often used to evaluate patients with potentially cancerous lung nodules. We estimate that approximately 140,000 of these patients have inconclusivebronchoscopy results and could potentially benefit from our test. We believe our Percepta product can classify approximately 44% of these patients as low risk orvery low risk for lung cancer, saving approximately 60,000 patients from potentially having to undergo diagnostic surgeries.We believe the addressable market opportunity for our Percepta product is approximately $425 million to $525 million in the United States and over $200million in Europe. We anticipate the market will expand significantly over the coming years as lung cancer screening programs are implemented in the UnitedStates and physicians embrace bronchoscopy as a standard, less-invasive diagnostic modality for evaluating lung nodules and lesions.In February 2017, Palmetto GBA, a Medicare Administrative Contractor or MAC, issued a final coverage policy for the Percepta classifier under theMedicare MolDx program. The LCD makes the Percepta classifier the first genomic test to be covered by Medicare for improved lung cancer screening anddiagnosis. The policy will become effective on March 13, 2017 and provides a framework for other MolDx-participating MACs to follow. CGS Administrators,LLC also issued a final LCD for the Percepta test and Noridian Healthcare Solutions is expected to similarly finalize its draft LCD. These final decisions will makethe Percepta classifier a covered benefit for more than 35 million individuals, or nearly two thirds of the 57 million Medicare beneficiaries in the United States. Weare currently building our commercial operations to support the commercialization of the Percepta classifier.IPF Market Opportunity for Our Envisia ClassifierEach year in the United States and Europe, up to 200,000 patients are suspected of having an ILD, including IPF, which is among the most common anddeadly of these lung-scarring diseases. IPF is notoriously difficult to diagnose, often leading to treatment delays, repeated misdiagnoses, patient distress and addedhealthcare expense. Physicians routinely use high-resolution computed tomography imaging, or HRCT, to identify UIP, the pattern whose presence is essential toIPF diagnosis. This approach, however, frequently provides inconclusive results, leading many patients to require surgery to secure a more definitive diagnosisusing surgical histopathology. These surgeries are risky and expensive, and many patients are too frail to undergo the procedure. Of the approximate 200,000patients evaluated for ILD, we estimate that approximately 75% or 150,000 patients receive an uncertain diagnosis and are candidates for our Envisia test.We believe the addressable market opportunity for our Envisia product is approximately $300 million to $350 million in the United States and over $200million in Europe. We began making the Envisia classifier available to a limited number of institutions in December 2016 and plan to continue a controlledavailability as we build the full package of clinical evidence to support Medicare reimbursement.5Table of ContentsScientific BackgroundIn the past, clinicians made diagnoses from biopsy samples by looking at them under a microscope. Technology has advanced far beyond this, and scientistsnow have the ability to decipher genomic patterns that reside in the DNA and RNA of the biopsies we test. Ultimately, we search for patterns that tell us whether ornot the biopsy contains the disease in question. We do this by using a whole-genome approach. This means we look at all of the human genes, including theirexpression patterns and their variants and mutations, rather than just looking at a few selected genes that we think may be important. This complex informationrequires computer-based algorithms to make sense of the patterns. This comprehensive measurement of the human genome allows us to detect signals from geneswe may not have previously suspected to be involved in disease.We use machine learning computer-based algorithms to match genomic patterns with clinical truth, or the true diagnosis. For example, when we train analgorithm on RNA sequencing data, we teach it to associate a set of expression patterns with disease and a different set of patterns with lack of disease. Whenalgorithms are trained on enough examples with clinical truth, they learn to find that pattern in samples they have never encountered, thus allowing the algorithm topredict disease in a clinical setting.Our core products are built around algorithms that either rule-in or rule-out disease. Due to the complex, sometimes rare, subtypes of various diseases likecancer, we develop and train our machine learning algorithms using a diverse set of patient samples so that they are equipped to recognize patterns across thewhole spectrum of conditions that may be encountered in the clinic.Our process uses commercially available reagents and instruments with our own proprietary process and protocols, which results in RNA extraction from therange of biopsies used in our clinical development studies and our commercial laboratory tests.TechnologyOur technology approach is comprised of a number of key attributes:Core Expertise in Broad-based Genomic Analysis - Our team of bioinformatics and computational scientists possess extensive knowledge of both existingcomputational methods as well as the capacity to develop proprietary methods as needed for algorithm design. We demonstrated our ability to utilize largeamounts of genomic data with machine learning algorithms in the development of the Afirma GEC on microarrays. We have extended this capabilitysubstantially by accessing genomic features through deep RNA sequencing. This allows us to use a combination of expression analysis as well as mutationsand variants to build our sophisticated machine learning algorithms, all on the same platform.Platform-Agnostic Approach - We are not reliant on any one technology platform to measure genomic signals; in fact, we may take advantage of a multitudeof genomic methodologies to develop future tests. When we developed the Afirma GEC in 2008, microarray technologies were a cost-effective discoverytechnology compared to other approaches that were nascent at the time. More recently, the rapid cost reductions achieved in next generation sequencingplatforms have allowed us to pursue our whole genome approach to biomarker discovery using a range of genomic features obtained through both DNA andRNA sequencing. From this vast array of sequence data, our algorithms select those genomic signals that inform on the disease in question, in the relevantbiopsy sample. We continue to evaluate potential opportunities to use new genomic discoveries and technologies to further improve patient care.Proprietary Capabilities in Analyzing Small, Heterogeneous Cytology Samples - We have developed proprietary technology, intellectual property andknow-how for optimized methods for extraction and analysis of nanogram quantities of RNA from small biopsy samples. Our focus is on redefining clinicaltruth, using patient samples obtained through less-invasive techniques, thereby increasing access to our technology by a larger patient population. Whileothers can extract RNA from these small biopsies, we believe our process optimized and scaled for high-throughput clinical testing and large-scale clinicaldevelopment studies, such as those involving amplification and hybridization to high-density microarrays.Precision and Reproducibility - We have in place standard operating procedures governing reagents, materials, instruments and controls and extensiveexperience from numerous verification studies performed for our tests. We apply the same high-quality control methods that were developed for our reagentsand processes, along with our proprietary software for automation, sample tracking, data quality control and statistical analysis, to our development process.6Table of ContentsStudies Validating Test Performance and Clinical UtilityIn 2010, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention published the “ACCE” model as a paradigm for establishing evidence to confirm the safety andeffectiveness of molecular diagnostic tests. ACCE derives its name from the main criteria for evaluating such tests, including analytic validity, clinical validity andclinical utility. This model has been adopted by most technology assessment groups, professional societies and payers. We fully embrace this paradigm of evidencedevelopment and we strive to provide the highest level of scientific evidence to support our test claims.We believe that developing an extensive library of rigorous clinical evidence to support our tests is critical to driving inclusion in clinical guidelines, securingreimbursement and gaining physician adoption. We make our published research, abstracts from medical conferences and other product information available onour website at www.veracyte.com. Our website and the information contained therein or connected thereto are not intended to be incorporated into this AnnualReport on Form 10-K.Our Afirma product is supported by more than 20 published scientific studies, including a prospective, multicenter clinical validation study published in TheNew England Journal of Medicine , which suggested that the test can reduce the number of unnecessary surgeries by 50 percent. The Afirma product isrecommended in leading practice guidelines and is covered for over 200 million lives in the United States, including through Medicare and most commercialinsurance plans.Our Percepta test is supported by six published scientific studies, including data published in The New England Journal of Medicine , which demonstrate thetest’s accuracy in identifying patients who are at low risk of cancer following inconclusive results from bronchoscopy. These patients may then be monitored withCT scans in lieu of undergoing surgery - a frequent next step at this juncture of the clinical pathway. A clinical utility study published in the journal CHESTsuggested that use of the test may reduce unnecessary surgeries by 50 percent in the target patient population.We continue to build our library of clinical evidence to support our Envisia product. Our test is supported by one clinical validation study with a secondvalidation (manuscript) in process, one analytical validation study, and two clinical utility studies that demonstrate the unmet clinical need and potential utility ofthe test when used by subspecialty physicians. We plan to launch a prospective multicenter randomized trial to demonstrate the clinical utility of the test comparedto the current standard of care.Commercial OperationsOur commercial infrastructure, including our sales, marketing, managed care, and customer care functions, is critical to our ongoing success. We have built astrong domestic sales, marketing and reimbursement capability that interacts directly with users of our products, as well as payers and other stakeholders involvedin the diagnostic workup of a patient.Our sales team is structured to sell all of our products; we do not maintain a separate sales force for each product. Currently, our sales force is comprised ofour Product Specialists, who are accountable for select geographic territories; Institutional Channel Managers, who maintain and grow our relationships at multi-disciplinary hospital and integrated delivery network customers; Account Managers, who manage existing client relationships; and Clinical Science Specialists,who focus on addressing medical and clinical education in the field. In September 2016, we terminated our U.S. co-promotion agreement with Genzyme Corporation, which we had entered in 2012. In anticipation of this event,we hired additional sales people and, as of December 31, 2016, we had 45 field sales people. In 2017, we expect to invest further in our sales force and to hire anadditional 15-20 field sales people, mostly in the first half of the year.To date, substantially all of our revenue has been derived from customers we serve in the United States. Through December 31, 2016, we derivedsubstantially all of our revenue from our Afirma solution, including cytopathology services and the Afirma GEC.Through third-party promotion agreements and distribution agreements, we entered the Brazil market in 2014 and the Israel, Middle East and North Africamarkets in 2015. We do not expect meaningful revenue from international sales in the near future.Industry trade shows or events provide us with an opportunity to make important product announcements, communicate directly with our clients and partnersand to interact with key opinion leaders who impact our business. We typically attend a number of select industry conferences, including the Annual Meeting ofthe American Thyroid Association, or ATA; the Annual Scientific and Clinical Congress of the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists, or AACE; theEndocrine Society’s Annual Meeting, or ENDO; the American Thoracic Society’s International Conference, or ATS; and the American College of ChestPhysician’s CHEST Annual Meeting.7Table of ContentsLaboratory OperationsWe perform all of our genomic testing in our CLIA-certified laboratory in South San Francisco, California. We perform slide preparation and staining forcytopathology on fine needle aspiration, or FNA, samples in our CLIA certified laboratory in Austin, Texas. Our South San Francisco facility is responsible forquality assurance oversight, licensing and regulatory compliance and maintenance for both of our laboratories to ensure data integrity and consistent, validatedprocesses.We receive samples for testing directly from the following sources:FNAs for Afirma GEC Only - Institutions and other clients, such as laboratories, that perform their own cytopathology may send us FNA samples fromindeterminate results to perform the Afirma GEC. From time-to-time we refer to this as our “Afirma Diagnostic Partner” model. We receive about 15% ofour FNA samples and over 50% of our Afirma GEC volume from this source and we believe it is the fastest-growing segment of our business.FNAs for Cytopathology and Reflexed Afirma GECs - About 85% of the FNA samples we receive from ordering physicians include the request forcytopathology assessment and if results are indeterminate, the Afirma GEC is to be performed. We partner with Thyroid Cytopathology Partners, or TCP, toperform the cytopathology review. Less than 50% of our Afirma GEC volume comes from this model.Bronchoscopy Samples for Percepta Classifier - Institutions and laboratories that perform their own cytopathology may send us samples collected during thebronchoscopy procedure and order genomic testing with the Percepta classifier when bronchoscopy results are inconclusive.In 2016, we moved into a state-of-the-art laboratory space that we built out in South San Francisco, California. We believe that we have sufficient laboratorycapacity to accommodate volume growth for our existing products and products in our pipeline.We rely on TCP to provide professional cytopathology diagnoses on thyroid FNA samples pursuant to a pathology services agreement. TCP has the exclusiveright to provide the cytopathology diagnoses on FNA samples that are referred to us at a fixed price per test with volume discounts. TCP can terminate theagreement upon our failure to pay any amounts due under the contract, and either we or TCP can terminate the agreement upon the insolvency of the other party,breach of the agreement by the other party, termination or breach of the service terms or the suspension or termination of the necessary regulatory licenses andapprovals needed to perform the FNA diagnoses. TCP is co-located in a portion of our facilities in Austin, Texas and reimburses us for a portion of our actual out-of-pocket rental and related operating expense costs. Our agreement with TCP was effective until December 31, 2015 and thereafter automatically renews everyyear unless either party provides notice of intent not to renew at least twelve months prior to the end of the then-current term.Our quality assurance function oversees the quality of our laboratories as well as the quality systems used in research and development, client services,billing operations and sales and marketing. We have an established quality management system compliant with federal and state regulations and standards that webelieve achieves excellence in operations across the entire business. We continuously monitor and strive to improve our quality program and believe ourimplementation of these processes has supported our achievement of product performance, customer satisfaction and retention and a philosophy of continuousimprovement.Reimbursement StrategyWe employ a multi-pronged strategy designed to achieve broad coverage and reimbursement for our tests:•Compile a Growing Library of Peer-reviewed Studies that Demonstrate the Test Is Effective - To date, several peer-reviewed articles and review papershave been published and have helped support our efforts aimed at widespread adoption and reimbursement of our genomic tests. In each disease area wepursue, we intend to conduct studies in order to develop robust library of evidence.•Meet the Evidence Standards Necessary to Be Consistent with Leading Clinical Guidelines - We believe inclusion in leading clinical practice guidelinesplays an important role in payers' coverage decisions. For example, the data published on the Afirma GEC to date is consistent with therecommendations of the widely-recognized American Thyroid Association and National Comprehensive Cancer Network clinical practice guidelines.8Table of Contents•Execute an Internal Managed Care and Claims Adjudication Function as Part of Our Core Business Operations - We believe that obtaining adequateand widespread reimbursement is a critical factor in our long-term success. We employ a team of in-house claims processing and reimbursementspecialists who work with payers, physician practices and patients to obtain maximum reimbursement.•Cultivate a Network of Key Opinion Leaders - Key opinion leaders are able to influence clinical practice by publishing research and determining whethernew tests should be integrated into practice guidelines. We collaborate with key opinion leaders early in the development process to ensure our clinicalstudies are designed and executed in a way that clearly demonstrates the benefits of our tests to patients, physicians and payers. Ongoing studies tosupport real world experience with our tests are also a key component of our efforts to collaborate with physician thought leaders.•Established Payer Relationships and In-network Contracts - We believe that positive engagement with payers leads to coverage decisions and facilitatesour efforts on coverage and contract decisions for subsequent tests.Coverage, Coding and ReimbursementRevenue from our Afirma tests comes from several sources, including commercial third-party payers, such as insurance companies and health maintenanceorganizations, government payers, such as Medicare and Medicaid, and patients. We believe that reimbursement for our lung products will be derived from similarsources, but with a greater proportion coming from Medicare and potentially Medicaid due to the older age of the target patient population.We received Medicare coverage for our Afirma GEC in 2012 and since that time our Medicare rate has remained approximately $3,200 for our test. We billpayers directly for the Afirma GEC using a unique Current Procedural Terminology code, or CPT code 81545.To date, a high percentage of FNA samples received are accessioned for cytopathology, for which we bill both the technical and professional componentusing established CPT codes.In February 2017, Palmetto GBA, a Medicare Administrative Contractor or MAC, issued a final coverage policy for our Percepta classifier through theMedicare MolDx program and CGS Administrators, LLC followed suit. We expect to receive a final coverage decision in the first half of 2017 from NoridianHealthcare Solutions, the remaining MAC that issued a draft local coverage policy for the test in 2016. We plan to bill payers directly for the Percepta classifierusing a “miscellaneous” CPT code until we seek and obtain a specific code for the test.We rely on a small number of third-party payers for a significant portion of our revenue, the loss of one or more of which would have a negative effect on ourbusiness. For the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively, revenue was represented by the indicated percent for each payer:•Medicare accounted for 27%, 26% and 26% of our revenue;•UnitedHealthcare accounted for 12%, 14% and 18% of our revenue; and•Aetna accounted for 8%, 9% and 11% of our revenue.CompetitionWe believe the principal competitive factors in the markets we target with our tests include:•the ability of the test to answer the appropriate clinical question at the right point in the clinical pathway;•the quality and strength of clinical validation and utility data;•confidence in diagnostic results backed by analytical verification data;•the extent of reimbursement and in-network payer contracts;•inclusion in practice guidelines;•cost-effectiveness; and•ease of use.We believe we compete favorably on the factors described above with our Afirma solution and are positioning ourselves to compete effectively on thesefactors with our Percepta and Envisia classifiers.9Table of ContentsOur principal competition for the Afirma GEC comes from traditional methods used by physicians to diagnose thyroid cancer. Physicians in the United Stateshave historically recommended that patients with indeterminate diagnoses from cytopathology results be considered for surgery to remove all or part of the thyroidto rule out cancer. This practice has been the standard of care in the United States, as well as in many international markets, for many years, and we continue toeducate physicians about the benefits of our test in order to change clinical practice.We also face competition from companies and academic institutions that use next generation sequencing technology or other methods to measure mutationalmarkers such as BRAF and KRAS, along with numerous other mutations. These organizations include Interpace Diagnostics Group, Inc., Rosetta Genomics Ltd.,and others who are developing new products or technologies that may compete with our tests. In the future, we may also face competition from companiesdeveloping new products or technologies.With the Percepta and Envisia tests, we believe our primary competition will similarly come from traditional methods used by physicians to diagnose therelated diseases. For the Percepta test, we expect competition from companies focused on lung cancer such as Integrated Diagnostics, Inc. We also anticipatefacing potential competition from companies offering or developing approaches for assessing malignancy risk in patients with lung nodules using alternativesamples, such as blood, urine or sputum. However, such "liquid biopsies" are often used earlier in the diagnostic paradigm—for instance, to screen for cancer—orto gauge risk of recurrence or response to treatment.In general, we also face competition from commercial laboratories, such as Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings, Quest Diagnostics Incorporatedand Sonic Healthcare USA with strong infrastructure to support the commercialization of diagnostic services. We face potential competition from companies suchas Illumina, Inc. and Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., both of which have entered the clinical diagnostics market. Other potential competitors include companies thatdevelop diagnostic products, such as Roche Diagnostics, a division of Roche Holding Ltd, Siemens AG and Qiagen N.V.Competitors may develop their own versions of our solution in countries in which we do not have patents or where our intellectual property rights are notrecognized and compete with us in those countries, including encouraging the use of their solution by physicians in other countries.Many of our potential competitors have widespread brand recognition and substantially greater financial, technical and research and development resourcesand selling and marketing capabilities than we do. Others may develop products with prices lower than ours, which could be viewed by physicians and payers asfunctionally equivalent to our solution, or offer solutions at prices designed to promote market penetration, which could force us to lower the list price of oursolutions and affect our ability to achieve profitability. If we are unable to change clinical practice in a meaningful way or compete successfully against current andfuture competitors, we may be unable to increase market acceptance and sales of our products, which could prevent us from increasing our revenue or achievingprofitability and could cause the market price of our common stock to decline. As we add new tests and services, we will face many of these same competitiverisks for these new tests.RegulationClinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments of 1988, or CLIAAs a clinical reference laboratory, we are required to hold certain federal, state and local licenses, certifications and permits to conduct our business. UnderCLIA, we are required to hold a certificate applicable to the type of laboratory examinations we perform and to comply with standards covering personnel,facilities administration, quality systems and proficiency testing.We have current certificates under CLIA to perform testing at each of our locations. To renew our CLIA certificates, we are subject to survey and inspectionevery two years to assess compliance with program standards. The regulatory and compliance standards applicable to the testing we perform may change overtime, and any such changes could have a material effect on our business.If one of our clinical reference laboratories is out of compliance with CLIA requirements, we may be subject to sanctions such as suspension, limitation orrevocation of our CLIA certificate, as well as directed plan of correction, state on-site monitoring, civil money penalties, civil injunctive suit or criminal penalties.We must maintain CLIA compliance and certification to be eligible to bill for diagnostic services provided to Medicare beneficiaries. If we were to be found out ofcompliance with CLIA requirements and subjected to sanction, our business could be harmed.10Table of ContentsState Laboratory LicensingCalifornia Laboratory LicensingIn addition to federal certification requirements of laboratories under CLIA, licensure is required and maintained for our South San Francisco clinicalreference laboratory under California law. Such laws establish standards for the day-to-day operation of a clinical reference laboratory, including the training andskills required of personnel and quality control. In addition, California laws mandate proficiency testing, which involves testing of specimens that have beenspecifically prepared for the laboratory.If our clinical reference laboratory is out of compliance with California standards, the California Department of Public Health, or CDPH, may suspend,restrict or revoke our license to operate our clinical reference laboratory, assess substantial civil money penalties, or impose specific corrective action plans. Anysuch actions could materially affect our business. We maintain a current license in good standing with CDPH. However, we cannot provide assurance that CDPHwill at all times in the future find us to be in compliance with all such laws.New York Laboratory LicensingOur clinical reference laboratories are required to be licensed by New York, under New York laws and regulations before we receive specimens from NewYork State. The license establishes standards for:quality management systems;qualifications, responsibilities, and training;facility design and resource management;pre-analytic, analytic (including validation and quality control), and post-analytic systems; andquality assessments and improvements.New York law also mandates proficiency testing for laboratories licensed under New York state law, regardless of whether such laboratories are located inNew York. If a laboratory is out of compliance with New York statutory or regulatory standards, the New York State Department of Health, or NYSDOH, maysuspend, limit, revoke or annul the laboratory's New York license, censure the holder of the license or assess civil money penalties. Statutory or regulatorynoncompliance may result in a laboratory's operator being found guilty of a misdemeanor under New York law. NYSDOH also must approve the LDT before thetest is offered in New York; approval has been received for the Afirma GEC and the Percepta classifier. Should we be found out of compliance with New Yorklaboratory standards of practice, we could be subject to such sanctions, which could harm our business. We maintain a current license in good standing withNYSDOH for our South San Francisco and Austin laboratories. We cannot provide assurance that the NYSDOH will at all times find us to be in compliance withapplicable laws.Other States' Laboratory LicensingIn addition to New York and California, other states including Florida, Maryland, Pennsylvania and Rhode Island, require licensing of out-of-statelaboratories under certain circumstances. We have obtained licenses from states where we believe we are required to be licensed, and believe we are in compliancewith applicable licensing laws.From time to time, we may become aware of other states that require out-of-state laboratories to obtain licensure in order to accept specimens from the state,and it is possible that other states do have such requirements or will have such requirements in the future. If we identify any other state with such requirements or ifwe are contacted by any other state advising us of such requirements, we intend to comply with such requirements.United StatesFood and Drug Administration: Diagnostic KitsDiagnostic kits, including collection systems, that are sold and distributed through interstate commerce are regulated as medical devices by the FDA. Devicessubject to FDA regulation must undergo premarket review prior to commercialization unless the device is of a type exempted from such review. In addition,manufacturers of medical devices must comply with various regulatory requirements under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, or FDC Act, andimplementing regulations promulgated11Table of Contentsunder that Act. Entities that fail to comply with FDA requirements may be subject to issuance of notice of observations, untitled or warning letters, and can beliable for criminal or civil penalties, such as recalls, import detentions, seizures, or injunctions, including orders to cease manufacturing.The FDC Act classifies medical devices into one of three categories based on the risks associated with the device and the level of control necessary toprovide reasonable assurance of safety and effectiveness. Class I devices are deemed to be low risk and are subject to the fewest regulatory controls. Many Class Idevices are exempt from FDA premarket review requirements. For Class II devices, the FDA generally requires clearance through the premarket notification, or510(k) clearance process. Class III devices are generally the highest risk devices and are subject to the highest level of regulatory control to provide reasonableassurance of the device's safety and effectiveness. Class III devices must typically be approved by the FDA before they are marketed.Generally, establishments that manufacture or distribute devices, including manufacturers, repackagers and relabelers, specification developers, and initialimporters, are required to register their establishments with the FDA and provide the FDA a list of the devices that they handle at their facilities.After a device is placed on the market, numerous regulatory requirements apply. These include: all of the relevant elements of the Quality SystemRegulation, or QSR, labeling regulations, restrictions on promotion and advertising, the Medical Device Reporting regulation (which requires that manufacturersreport to the FDA if their device may have caused or contributed to a death or serious injury or malfunctioned in a way that would likely cause or contribute to adeath or serious injury if it were to recur), and the Reports of Corrections and Removals regulation (which requires manufacturers to report certain recalls and fieldactions to the FDA).The FDA has issued a regulation outlining specific requirements for "specimen transport and storage containers." "Specimen transport and storagecontainers" are medical devices "intended to contain biological specimens, body waste, or body exudate during storage and transport" so that the specimen can beused effectively for diagnostic examination. A specimen transport and storage container that is not labeled or otherwise represented as sterile, is a Class I exemptdevice. It is subject to MDR requirements, the reporting of corrections and removals, registration and listing. It is exempt from premarket review and from QSRrequirements, except for recordkeeping and complaint handling requirements, so long as no sterility claims are made. Our facility is registered with the FDA as aspecification developer, which means that we can sell the collection system under our own name and outline the specifications used to make the collection system,but a third party assembles the collection system for us. The containers we provide for collection and transport of Afirma GEC and Percepta samples from aphysician to our clinical reference laboratory are listed as Class I devices with the FDA. We also plan to list our sample collection containers for Envisia sampleswith the FDA as Class I devices. If the FDA were to determine that our sample collection containers are not Class I devices, we would be required to file 510(k)applications and obtain FDA clearance to use the containers, which could be time consuming and expensive.The FDA enforces the requirements described above by various means, including inspection and market surveillance. If the FDA finds a violation, it caninstitute a wide variety of enforcement actions, ranging from an Untitled Letter or Warning Letter to more severe sanctions such as:fines, injunctions, and civil penalties;recall or seizure of products;operating restrictions, partial suspension or total shutdown of production; andcriminal prosecution.Federal Oversight of Laboratory Developed Tests and Research Use Only ProductsClinical laboratory tests like our proprietary genomic tests are regulated under CLIA, as administered by CMS, as well as by applicable state laws. Clinicallaboratory tests that are developed and validated by a laboratory for its own use, which are referred to as laboratory developed tests, or LDTs, currently aregenerally not subject to FDA regulation, although reagents, instruments, software or components provided by third parties and used to perform LDTs may besubject to regulation. We believe that the Afirma GEC and the Percepta and Envisia classifiers are LDTs. FDA currently exercises its enforcement discretion forLDTs. In October 2014, the FDA published draft guidance documents describing the framework by which they might regulate LDTs. The framework is similar tothe guidance they issued previously. The comment period ended in February 2015. In November 2016, the FDA announced that they would not issue a finalguidance on the oversight of LDTs. In January 2017, the FDA issued a discussion paper on LDTs to synthesis of all the feedback received from variousstakeholders; this did not represent a formal position of the FDA, nor is it enforceable.12Table of ContentsSome of the materials we use for our tests and that we may use for future tests are for research use only, or RUO. An RUO product is not intended for humanclinical use and must be labeled "For Research Use Only. Not for use in diagnostic procedures." RUOs are a separate regulatory category and are not consideredmedical devices. They are therefore not subject to the FDA regulatory requirements discussed above. They cannot make any claims related to safety, effectiveness,or diagnostic utility or be intended for human clinical diagnostic or prognostic use. In November 2013, the FDA issued guidance regarding "CommerciallyDistributed In-Vitro Diagnostic Products Labeled for Research Use Only or Investigational Use Only."We cannot predict the ultimate form or impact of any such RUO, LDT or other guidance and the potential effect on our solutions or materials used to performour diagnostic services. While we qualify all materials used in our diagnostic services according to CLIA regulations, we cannot be certain that the FDA might notpromulgate rules or issue guidance documents that could affect our ability to purchase materials necessary for the performance of our diagnostic services. Shouldany of the reagents obtained by us from vendors and used in conducting our diagnostic services be affected by future regulatory actions, our business could beadversely affected by those actions, including increasing the cost of service or delaying, limiting or prohibiting the purchase of reagents necessary to perform theservice.We cannot provide any assurance that FDA regulation, including premarket review, will not be required in the future for our diagnostic services, whetherthrough additional guidance or regulations issued by the FDA, new enforcement policies adopted by the FDA or new legislation enacted by Congress. Legislativeproposals addressing oversight of LDTs were introduced in recent years, and we expect that new legislative proposals will be introduced from time to time. It ispossible that legislation could be enacted into law or regulations or guidance could be issued by the FDA which may result in new or increased regulatoryrequirements for us to continue to offer our tests or to develop and introduce new tests.If premarket review, including approval, is required, our business could be negatively affected until such review is completed and clearance to market orapproval is obtained, and the FDA could require that we stop selling our tests pending premarket clearance or approval. If our tests are allowed to remain on themarket but there is uncertainty about the legal status of our services, if we are required by the FDA to label them investigational, or if labeling claims the FDAallows us to make are limited, order levels may decline and reimbursement may be adversely affected. The regulatory process may involve, among other things,successfully completing additional clinical studies and submitting a premarket notification or filing a PMA application with the FDA. If premarket review isrequired by the FDA, there can be no assurance that our tests will be cleared or approved on a timely basis, if at all, nor can there any be assurance that labelingclaims will be consistent with our current claims or adequate to support continued adoption of and reimbursement for our solutions. Ongoing compliance with FDAregulations would increase the cost of conducting our business, and subject us to heightened requirements of the FDA and penalties for failure to comply with theserequirements. We may also decide voluntarily to pursue FDA premarket review of our tests if we determine that doing so would be appropriate.Health Insurance Portability and Accountability ActUnder the federal Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996, or HIPAA, the Department of Health and Human Services, or HHS, hasissued regulations to protect the privacy and security of protected health information used or disclosed by health care providers, such as us. HIPAA also regulatesstandardization of data content, codes and formats used in health care transactions and standardization of identifiers for health plans and providers. Penalties forviolations of HIPAA regulations include civil and criminal penalties.We have developed and implemented policies and procedures designed to comply with these regulations. The requirements under these regulations maychange periodically and could have an effect on our business operations if compliance becomes substantially more costly than under current requirements.In addition to federal privacy regulations, there are a number of state laws governing confidentiality of health information that are applicable to our business.New laws governing privacy may be adopted in the future from time to time. We have taken steps to comply with health information privacy requirements towhich we are aware that we are subject. However, we can provide no assurance that we are or will remain in compliance with diverse privacy requirements in all ofthe jurisdictions in which we do business. Failure to comply with privacy requirements could result in civil or criminal penalties, which could have a materiallyadverse effect on our business.13Table of ContentsCorporate Practice of MedicineNumerous states, including California and Texas, have enacted laws prohibiting corporations such as us from practicing medicine and employing or engagingphysicians to practice medicine. These laws are designed to prevent interference in the medical decision-making process by anyone who is not a licensedphysician. This prohibition is generally referred to as the prohibition against the corporate practice of medicine. Violation of this prohibition may result in civil orcriminal fines, as well as sanctions imposed against us or the professional through licensing proceedings. The pathologists who review and classify thyroid FNAcytopathology results for Afirma are employed by Thyroid Cytopathology Partners, a Texas professional association, pursuant to services agreement between usand TCP. Pursuant to the agreement, we pay TCP a monthly fee on a per FNA basis, and TCP manages and supervises the pathologists who perform thecytopathology services as a component of the Afirma solution. TCP is managed by Pathology Resources Consultants, or PRC, which provides management andother services to medical practitioners. We have entered into a services agreement with PRC in connection with our arrangement with TCP, pursuant to which weengaged PRC exclusively to manage the pathology services being provided by TCP. Our agreement with PRC was effective until December 31, 2015 andthereafter automatically renews every year unless either party provides notice of intent not to renew at least twelve months prior to the end of the then-current term.Federal and State Physician Self-Referral ProhibitionsWe are subject to the federal physician self-referral prohibitions, commonly known as the Stark Law, and to similar restrictions under California's PhysicianOwnership and Referral Act, or PORA. Together these restrictions generally prohibit us from billing a patient or any governmental or private payer for anydiagnostic services when the physician ordering the service, or any member of such physician's immediate family, has an investment interest in or compensationarrangement with us, unless the arrangement meets an exception to the prohibition.Both the Stark Law and PORA contain an exception for compensation paid to a physician for personal services rendered by the physician. We havecompensation arrangements with a number of physicians for personal services, such as speaking engagements and consulting activities. We have structured thesearrangements with terms intended to comply with the requirements of the personal services exception to Stark and PORA.However, we cannot be certain that regulators would find these arrangements to be in compliance with Stark, PORA or similar state laws. We would berequired to refund any payments we receive pursuant to a referral prohibited by these laws to the patient, the payer or the Medicare program, as applicable.Sanctions for a violation of the Stark Law include the following:• denial of payment for the services provided in violation of the prohibition;• refunds of amounts collected by an entity in violation of the Stark Law;• a civil penalty of up to $15,000 for each service arising out of the prohibited referral;• possible exclusion from federal healthcare programs, including Medicare and Medicaid; and• a civil penalty of up to $100,000 against parties that enter into a scheme to circumvent the Stark Law's prohibition.These prohibitions apply regardless of the reasons for the financial relationship and the referral. No finding of intent to violate the Stark Law is required for aviolation. In addition, knowing violations of the Stark Law may also serve as the basis for liability under the Federal False Claims Act.Further, a violation of PORA is a misdemeanor and could result in civil penalties and criminal fines. Finally, other states have self-referral restrictions withwhich we have to comply that differ from those imposed by federal and California law. While we have attempted to comply with the Stark Law, PORA and similarlaws of other states, it is possible that some of our financial arrangements with physicians could be subject to regulatory scrutiny at some point in the future, andwe cannot provide assurance that we will be found to be in compliance with these laws following any such regulatory review.Federal and State Anti-Kickback LawsThe Federal health care program Anti-kickback Law makes it a felony for a person or entity, including a laboratory, to knowingly and willfully offer, pay,solicit or receive remuneration, directly or indirectly, in order to induce business that is reimbursable under any federal health care program. A violation of theAnti-kickback Law may result in imprisonment for up to five years and fines of up to $250,000 in the case of individuals and $500,000 in the case of organizations.Convictions under the Anti-kickback Law result in mandatory exclusion from federal health care programs for a minimum of five years. In addition, HHS has theauthority to impose civil assessments and fines and to exclude health care providers and others engaged in prohibited14Table of Contentsactivities from Medicare, Medicaid and other federal health care programs. Actions which violate the Anti-kickback Law also incur liability under the FederalFalse Claims Act, which prohibits knowingly presenting, or causing to be presented, a false or fraudulent claim for payment to the U.S. Government.Although the Anti-kickback Law applies only to federal health care programs, a number of states, including California, have passed statutes substantiallysimilar to the Anti-kickback Law pursuant to which similar types of prohibitions are made applicable to all other health plans and third- party payers. BothCalifornia's fee-splitting statute, Business and Professions Code Section 650, and its Medi-Cal anti-kickback statute, Welfare and Institutions CodeSection 14107.2, have been interpreted by the California Attorney General and California courts in substantially the same way as HHS and the courts haveinterpreted the Anti-kickback Law. A violation of Section 650 is punishable by imprisonment and fines of up to $50,000. A violation of Section 14107.2 ispunishable by imprisonment and fines of up to $10,000.Federal and state law enforcement authorities scrutinize arrangements between health care providers and potential referral sources to ensure that thearrangements are not designed as a mechanism to induce patient care referrals or induce the purchase or prescribing of particular products or services. The lawenforcement authorities, the courts and Congress have also demonstrated a willingness to look behind the formalities of a transaction to determine the underlyingpurpose of payments between health care providers and actual or potential referral sources. Generally, courts have taken a broad interpretation of the scope of theAnti-kickback Law, holding that the statute may be violated if merely one purpose of a payment arrangement is to induce referrals or purchases.In addition to statutory exceptions to the Anti-kickback Law, regulations provide for a number of safe harbors. If an arrangement meets the provisions of asafe harbor, it is deemed not to violate the Anti-kickback Law. An arrangement must fully comply with each element of an applicable safe harbor in order toqualify for protection. There are no regulatory safe harbors to California's Section 650.Among the safe harbors that may be relevant to us is the discount safe harbor. The discount safe harbor potentially applies to discounts provided by providersand suppliers, including laboratories, to physicians or institutions. If the terms of the discount safe harbor are met, the discounts will not be considered prohibitedremuneration under the Anti-kickback Law. California does not have a discount safe harbor. However, as noted above, Section 650 has generally been interpretedconsistent with the Anti-kickback Law.The personal services safe harbor to the Anti-kickback Law provides that remuneration paid to a referral source for personal services will not violate theAnti-kickback Law provided all of the elements of that safe harbor are met. One element is that if the agreement is intended to provide for the services of thephysician on a periodic, sporadic or part-time basis, rather than on a full-time basis for the term of the agreement, the agreement specifies exactly the schedule ofsuch intervals, their precise length, and the exact charge for such intervals. Our personal services arrangements with some physicians may not meet the specificrequirement of this safe harbor that the agreement specify exactly the schedule of the intervals of time to be spent on the services because the nature of the services,such as speaking engagements, does not lend itself to exact scheduling and therefore meeting this element of the personal services safe harbor is impractical.Failure to meet the terms of the safe harbor does not render an arrangement illegal. Rather, the government may evaluate such arrangements on a case-by-casebasis, taking into account all facts and circumstances.While we believe that we are in compliance with the Anti-kickback Law and Section 650, there can be no assurance that our relationships with physicians,academic institutions and other customers will not be subject to investigation or challenge under such laws. If imposed for any reason, sanctions under the Anti-kickback Law and Section 650 could have a negative effect on our business.Other Federal and State Fraud and Abuse LawsIn addition to the requirements discussed above, several other health care fraud and abuse laws could have an effect on our business. For example, provisionsof the Social Security Act permit Medicare and Medicaid to exclude an entity that charges the federal health care programs substantially in excess of its usualcharges for its services. The terms "usual charge" and "substantially in excess" are ambiguous and subject to varying interpretations.Further, the Federal False Claims Act prohibits a person from knowingly submitting a claim, making a false record or statement in order to secure payment orretaining an overpayment by the federal government. In addition to actions initiated by the government itself, the statute authorizes actions to be brought on behalfof the federal government by a private party having knowledge of the alleged fraud. Because the complaint is initially filed under seal, the action may be pendingfor some time before the defendant is even aware of the action. If the government is ultimately successful in obtaining redress in the matter or if the plaintiffsucceeds15Table of Contentsin obtaining redress without the government's involvement, then the plaintiff will receive a percentage of the recovery. Finally, the Social Security Act includes itsown provisions that prohibit the filing of false claims or submitting false statements in order to obtain payment. Violation of these provisions may result in fines,imprisonment or both, and possible exclusion from Medicare or Medicaid programs. California has an analogous state false claims act applicable to all payers, asdo many other states; however, we may not be aware of all such rules and statutes and cannot provide assurance that we will be in compliance with all such lawsand regulations.InternationalMany countries in which we may offer any of our tests in the future have anti-kickback regulations prohibiting providers from offering, paying, soliciting orreceiving remuneration, directly or indirectly, in order to induce business that is reimbursable under any national health care program. In situations involvingphysicians employed by state-funded institutions or national health care agencies, violation of the local anti-kickback law may also constitute a violation of theUnited States Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, or FCPA.The FCPA prohibits any U.S. individual, business entity or employee of a U.S. business entity to offer or provide, directly or through a third party, includingany potential distributors we may rely on in certain markets, anything of value to a foreign government official with corrupt intent to influence an award orcontinuation of business or to gain an unfair advantage, whether or not such conduct violate local laws. In addition, it is illegal for a company that reports to theSEC to have false or inaccurate books or records or to fail to maintain a system of internal accounting controls. We will also be required to maintain accurateinformation and control over sales and distributors' activities that may fall within the purview of the FCPA, its books and records provisions and its anti-briberyprovisions.The standard of intent and knowledge in the Anti-Bribery cases is minimal-intent and knowledge are usually inferred from that fact that bribery took place.The accounting provisions do not require intent. Violations of the FCPA's anti-bribery provisions for corporations and other business entities are subject to a fine ofup to $2 million and officers, directors, stockholders, employees, and agents are subject to a fine of up to $100,000 and imprisonment for up to five years. Othercountries, including the United Kingdom and other OECD Anti-Bribery Convention members, have similar anti-corruption regulations, such as the UnitedKingdom Bribery Act.When marketing our tests outside of the United States, we may be subject to foreign regulatory requirements governing human clinical testing, prohibitionson the import of tissue necessary for us to perform our tests or restrictions on the export of tissue imposed by countries outside of the United States or the import oftissue into the United States, and marketing approval. These requirements vary by jurisdiction, differ from those in the United States and may in some cases requireus to perform additional pre-clinical or clinical testing. In many countries outside of the United States, coverage, pricing and reimbursement approvals are alsorequired.Patents and Proprietary TechnologyIn order to remain competitive, we must develop and maintain protection of the proprietary aspects of our technologies. To that end, we rely on acombination of patents, copyrights and trademarks, as well as contracts, such as confidentiality, invention assignment and licensing agreements. We also rely upontrade secret laws to protect unpatented know-how and continuing technological innovation. In addition, we have what we consider to be reasonable securitymeasures in place to maintain confidentiality. Our intellectual property strategy is intended to develop and maintain our competitive position.We have thirteen issued patents that expire between 2029 and 2032 related to methods used in the Afirma diagnostic platform, in addition to fourteen pendingU.S. utility patent applications and two pending Patent Cooperation Treaty, or PCT, patent applications. Some of these U.S. utility patent applications havepending foreign counterparts. We also exclusively licensed intellectual property, including rights to two issued patents that will expire between 2030 and 2032, andthree pending U.S. utility patent applications in the thyroid space that would expire between 2030 and 2033 once issued, related to methods that are used in theAfirma diagnostic test, some of which have foreign counterparts.In the lung diagnostic space, we exclusively license intellectual property rights to seven pending patent applications and one issued patent in the UnitedStates and abroad. Patents issuing from the licensed portfolio will expire between 2024 and 2028. In addition, we own a PCT application and a pending U.S.application related to our Percepta test. The PCT application is currently in the process of being nationalized in Australia, Canada, China, Europe, Japan, and SouthKorea. We also own two applications related to other lung diseases, and a PCT application, a pending U.S. application, two ex-U.S. applications, and oneprovisional U.S. application related to Envisia. Any patents granted from our current lung cancer patent applications will expire no earlier than 2035 and thosefrom the interstitial lung disease patent applications will expire no earlier than from 2034 to 2037.16Table of ContentsWe intend to file additional patent applications in the United States and abroad to strengthen our intellectual property rights; however, our patent applications(including the patent applications listed above) may not result in issued patents in a timely fashion or at all, and we cannot assure investors that any patents thathave issued or might issue will protect our technology. We may receive notices of claims of potential infringement from third parties in the future.We hold registered trademarks in the United States for "Veracyte," "Afirma," "Percepta," and the Afirma logo and have pending federal trademarkapplications for "Envisia” and the new "Veracyte" logo. We also hold registered trademarks in various jurisdictions outside of the United States.We require all employees and technical consultants working for us to execute confidentiality agreements, which provide that all confidential informationreceived by them during the course of the employment, consulting or business relationship be kept confidential, except in specified circumstances. Our agreementswith our research employees provide that all inventions, discoveries and other types of intellectual property, whether or not patentable or copyrightable, conceivedby the individual while he or she is employed by us are assigned to us. We cannot provide any assurance, however, that employees and consultants will abide bythe confidentiality or assignment terms of these agreements. Despite measures taken to protect our intellectual property, unauthorized parties might copy aspects ofour technology or obtain and use information that we regard as proprietary.Research and Development ExpensesResearch and development expenses were $15.3 million, $12.8 million and $9.8 million for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015, and 2014,respectively.EmployeesAt December 31, 2016, we had 216 employees, of which 40 work in laboratory operations, 34 in research and development and clinical development, 61 inselling and marketing, and 81 in general and administrative, including 46 in billing and client services, 13 in information technology and 13 in finance. None of ouremployees are the subject of collective bargaining arrangements, and our management considers its relationships with employees to be good.Environmental MattersOur operations require the use of hazardous materials (including biological materials) which subject us to a variety of federal, state and local environmentaland safety laws and regulations. Some of these regulations provide for strict liability, holding a party potentially liable without regard to fault or negligence. Wecould be held liable for damages and fines as a result of our, or others’, business operations should contamination of the environment or individual exposure tohazardous substances occur. We cannot predict how changes in laws or new regulations will affect our business, operations or the cost of compliance.Raw Materials and SuppliersWe procure reagents, equipment, chips and other materials that we use to perform our tests from sole suppliers. We also purchase components used in ourcollection kits from sole-source suppliers. Some of these items are unique to these suppliers and vendors. In addition, we utilize a sole source to assemble anddistribute our sample collection kits. While we have developed alternate sourcing strategies for these materials and vendors, we cannot be certain whether thesestrategies will be effective or the alternative sources will be available when we need them. If these suppliers can no longer provide us with the materials we need toperform the tests and for our collection kits, if the materials do not meet our quality specifications or are otherwise unusable, if we cannot obtain acceptablesubstitute materials, or if we elect to change suppliers, an interruption in test processing could occur, we may not be able to deliver patient reports and we mayincur higher one-time switching costs. Any such interruption may significantly affect our future revenue, cause us to incur higher costs, and harm our customerrelationships and reputation. In addition, in order to mitigate these risks, we maintain inventories of these supplies at higher levels than would be the case ifmultiple sources of supply were available. If our test volume decreases or we switch suppliers, we may hold excess inventory with expiration dates that occurbefore use which would adversely affect our losses and cash flow position. As we introduce any new test, we may experience supply issues as we ramp testvolume.Legal ProceedingsFrom time to time, we may be party to lawsuits in the ordinary course of business. We are currently not a party to any material legal proceedings.17Table of ContentsITEM 1A. RISK FACTORSRisks Related to Our BusinessWe are an emerging growth company with a history of losses, and we expect to incur net losses for the foreseeable future and may never achieve or sustainprofitability.We have incurred net losses since our inception. For the year ended December 31, 2016, we had a net loss of $31.4 million and we expect to incur additionallosses in 2017 and in future years. As of December 31, 2016, we had an accumulated deficit of $180.1 million. We may never achieve revenue sufficient to offsetour expenses. Over the next couple of years, we expect to continue to devote substantially all of our resources to increase adoption of, and reimbursement for ourAfirma tests, Percepta, our lung cancer test, which we launched in April 2015, Envisia, our test for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, or IPF, which we launched inOctober 2016, and the development of additional tests. We may never achieve or sustain profitability, and our failure to achieve and sustain profitability in thefuture could cause the market price of our common stock to decline.Our financial results currently depend solely on sales of our Afirma tests, and we will need to generate sufficient revenue from this and other diagnosticsolutions to grow our business.All of our revenue to date has been derived from the sale of our Afirma tests, which are used in the diagnosis of thyroid cancer. Over the next few years, weexpect to continue to derive a substantial portion of our revenue from sales of our Afirma tests. In 2017, we anticipate that we will begin recognizing revenue fromthe sale of our Percepta test, used in the diagnosis of lung cancer. We also launched our Envisia test to help improve the diagnosis of interstitial lung disease,specifically IPF, in October 2016. Once genomic tests such as our Percepta and Envisia are clinically validated and commercially available for patient testing, wemust continue to develop and publish evidence that our tests are informing clinical decisions in order for them to receive positive coverage decisions by payers.Without coverage policies, our tests may not be reimbursed and we will not be able to recognize revenue. We cannot guarantee that tests we commercialize willgain positive coverage decisions and therefore, we may never realize revenue from the samples we test once commercialized. In addition, we are in various stagesof research and development for other diagnostic solutions that we may offer, but there can be no assurance that we will be able to identify other diseases that canbe effectively addressed or, if we are able to identify such diseases, whether or when we will be able to successfully commercialize solutions for these diseases andobtain the evidence and coverage decisions from payers. If we are unable to increase sales and expand reimbursement for Afirma, or successfully obtain coverageand reimbursement for our Percepta and Envisia tests or develop and commercialize other solutions, our revenue and our ability to achieve and sustain profitabilitywould be impaired, and the market price of our common stock could decline.We depend on a few payers for a significant portion of our revenue and if one or more significant payers stops providing reimbursement or decreases theamount of reimbursement for our tests, our revenue could decline.Revenue for tests performed on patients covered by Medicare and UnitedHealthcare was 27% and 12%, respectively, of our revenue for the year endedDecember 31, 2016, compared with 26% and 14%, respectively, in the year ended December 31, 2015. The percentage of our revenue derived from significantpayers is expected to fluctuate from period to period as our revenue increases, as additional payers provide reimbursement for our tests or if one or more payerswere to stop reimbursing for our tests or change their reimbursed amounts. Effective January 2012, Palmetto GBA, the regional Medicare administrativecontractor, or MAC, that handled claims processing for Medicare services with jurisdiction at that time, issued coverage and payment determinations for theAfirma Gene Expression Classifier, or GEC. On a five-year rotational basis, Medicare requests bids for its regional MAC services. Any future changes in the MACprocessing or coding for Medicare claims for the Afirma GEC could result in a change in the coverage or reimbursement rates for such products, or the loss ofcoverage.On March 1, 2015, a separate CPT code, or Current Procedural Terminology code, for the Afirma GEC was issued. In November 2016, CMS revised its final2017 gapfill rate for the Afirma GEC and determined that the current rate of $3,200 per test would be maintained in 2017. This rate replaces the previouslyreleased lower gapfill amount announced on September 30, 2016, for which we filed a reconsideration request. After the reconsideration request, we were notifiedthat the final 2017 rate is $3,222 per test. A decrease in the current Medicare payment rate for our tests will decrease our revenue from Medicare and may alsodecrease the payment rates for some of our commercial payers if they tie their allowable rates to the Medicare rate, which could have an adverse effect on ourbusiness, financial condition and results of operations.18Table of ContentsAlthough we have entered into contracts with certain third-party payers that establish in-network allowable rates of reimbursement for our Afirma tests,payers may suspend or discontinue reimbursement at any time, may require or increase co-payments from patients, or may reduce the reimbursement rates paid tous. Any such actions could have a negative effect on our revenue.If payers do not provide reimbursement, rescind or modify their reimbursement policies, delay payments for our tests, recoup past payments, or if we areunable to successfully negotiate additional reimbursement contracts, our commercial success could be compromised.Physicians might not order our tests unless payers reimburse a substantial portion of the test price. There is significant uncertainty concerning third-partyreimbursement of any test incorporating new technology, including our tests. Reimbursement by a payer may depend on a number of factors, including a payer'sdetermination that these tests are:•not experimental or investigational;•pre-authorized and appropriate for the specific patient;•cost-effective;•supported by peer-reviewed publications; and•included in clinical practice guidelines.Since each payer makes its own decision as to whether to establish a coverage policy or enter into a contract to reimburse our tests, seeking these approvalsis a time-consuming and costly process.We do not have a contracted rate of reimbursement with many payers for the Afirma test, and we do not have any contracted reimbursement with respect tothe Percepta and Envisia tests. Without a contracted rate for reimbursement, our claims are often denied upon submission, and we must appeal the claims. Theappeals process is time consuming and expensive, and may not result in payment. In cases where there is no contracted rate for reimbursement, there is typically agreater patient co-insurance or co-payment requirement which may result in further delay or decreased likelihood of collection. Payers may attempt to recoup priorpayments after review, sometimes after significant time has passed, which would impact future revenue.We expect to continue to focus substantial resources on increasing adoption, coverage and reimbursement for the Afirma GEC, the Afirma MalignancyClassifiers, launched in May 2014, the Percepta test, launched in April 2015, and the Envisia test, launched in October 2016, as well as any other future tests wemay develop. We believe it will take several years to achieve coverage and contracted reimbursement with a majority of third-party payers. However, we cannotpredict whether, under what circumstances, or at what payment levels payers will reimburse for our tests. Also, payer consolidation is underway and createsuncertainty as to whether coverage and contracts with existing payers will remain in effect. Finally, commercial payers may tie their allowable rates to Medicarerates, and should Medicare reduce their rates as they did with the Afirma test in September 2016, we may be negatively impacted. Our failure to establish broadadoption of and reimbursement for our tests, or our inability to maintain existing reimbursement from payers, will negatively impact our ability to generate revenueand achieve profitability, as well as our future prospects and our business.We may experience limits on our revenue if physicians decide not to order our tests.If we are unable to create or maintain demand for our tests in sufficient volume, we may not become profitable. To generate demand, we will need tocontinue to educate physicians about the benefits and cost-effectiveness of our tests through published papers, presentations at scientific conferences, marketingcampaigns and one-on-one education by our sales force. In addition, our ability to obtain and maintain adequate reimbursement from third-party payers will becritical to generating revenue.Several existing guidelines and historical practices in the United States regarding indeterminate thyroid nodule fine needle aspiration, or FNA, resultsrecommend a full or partial surgical thyroidectomy in most cases. Accordingly, physicians may be reluctant to order a diagnostic solution that may suggest surgeryis unnecessary where some current guidelines and historical practice have typically led to such procedures. Moreover, our diagnostic services often are performedat a specialized clinical reference laboratory rather than by a pathologist in a local laboratory, so pathologists may be reluctant to support our services. In19Table of Contentsaddition, guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of thyroid nodules may subsequently be revised to recommend another type of treatment protocol, and thesechanges may result in medical practitioners deciding not to use the Afirma test. These facts may make physicians reluctant to convert to using or continuing to usethe Afirma test, which could limit our ability to generate revenue and our ability to achieve profitability. To the extent international markets have existing practicesand standards of care that are different than those in the United States, we may face challenges with the adoption of the Afirma test outside the United States. Wewill face similar challenges with our other tests.Due to how we recognize revenue, our quarterly operating results are likely to fluctuate.For tests performed where we have an agreed upon reimbursement rate or we are able to reasonably estimate the amount that will ultimately be realized atthe time delivery of a patient report is complete, such as in the case of Medicare and certain other payers, we recognize the related revenue upon delivery of apatient report to the prescribing physician based on the amount we expect to ultimately realize. We determine the amount we expect to ultimately realize based ona per payer, per contract or agreement basis. In the first period in which revenue is accrued for a particular payer, a one-time increase in revenue generally occurs.Upon ultimate collection, the amount received from Medicare and other payers where reimbursement was estimated is compared to previous estimates and theamount accrued is adjusted accordingly. In situations where we cannot reasonably estimate the amount that will ultimately be collected, we recognize revenue onthe cash basis. We have little visibility as to when we will receive payment for our diagnostic tests, and we must appeal negative payment decisions, which delayscollections. Should we recognize revenue from payers on an accrual basis and later determine the judgments underlying estimated reimbursement change, or wereincorrect at the time we accrued such revenue, our financial results could be negatively impacted in future quarters. As a result, comparing our operating results ona period-to-period basis may not be meaningful. You should not rely on our past results as an indication of our future performance. In addition, these fluctuationsin revenue may make it difficult for us, for research analysts and for investors to accurately forecast our revenue and operating results. If our revenue or operatingresults fall below expectations, the price of our common stock would likely decline.We rely on sole suppliers for some of the reagents, equipment, chips and other materials used to perform our tests, and we may not be able to find replacementsor transition to alternative suppliers.We rely on sole suppliers for critical supply of reagents, equipment, chips and other materials that we use to perform our tests. We also purchase componentsused in our collection kits from sole-source suppliers. Some of these items are unique to these suppliers and vendors. In addition, we utilize a sole source toassemble and distribute our sample collection kits. While we have developed alternate sourcing strategies for these materials and vendors, we cannot be certainwhether these strategies will be effective or the alternative sources will be available when we need them. If these suppliers can no longer provide us with thematerials we need to perform the tests and for our collection kits, if the materials do not meet our quality specifications or are otherwise unusable, if we cannotobtain acceptable substitute materials, or if we elect to change suppliers, an interruption in test processing could occur, we may not be able to deliver patientreports and we may incur higher one-time switching costs. Any such interruption may significantly affect our future revenue, cause us to incur higher costs, andharm our customer relationships and reputation. In addition, in order to mitigate these risks, we maintain inventories of these supplies at higher levels than wouldbe the case if multiple sources of supply were available. If our test volume decreases or we switch suppliers, we may hold excess inventory with expiration datesthat occur before use which would adversely affect our losses and cash flow position. As we introduce any new test, we may experience supply issues as we ramptest volume.We depend on a specialized cytopathology practice to perform the cytopathology component of our Afirma test, and our ability to perform our diagnosticsolution would be harmed if we were required to secure a replacement.We rely on Thyroid Cytopathology Partners, P.A., or TCP, to provide cytopathology professional diagnoses on thyroid FNA samples pursuant to a pathologyservices agreement. Pursuant to this agreement, TCP has the exclusive right to provide the cytopathology diagnoses on FNA samples at a fixed price per test. Wehave also agreed to allow TCP to co-locate in a portion of our facilities in Austin, Texas. Our agreement with TCP was effective through December 31, 2015 andautomatically renews every year thereafter unless either party provides notice of intent not to renew at least 12 months prior to the end of the then-current term.20Table of ContentsIf TCP were not able to support our current test volume or future increases in test volume or to provide the quality of services we require, or if we wereunable to agree on commercial terms and our relationship with TCP were to terminate, our business would be harmed until we were able to secure the services ofanother cytopathology provider. There can be no assurance that we would be successful in finding a replacement that would be able to conduct cytopathologydiagnoses at the same volume or with the same high-quality results as TCP. Locating another suitable cytopathology provider could be time consuming and wouldresult in delays in processing Afirma tests until a replacement was fully integrated with our test processing operations.If we are unable to support demand for our commercial tests, our business could suffer.As demand for our tests grows, we will need to continue to scale our testing capacity and processing technology, expand customer service, billing andsystems processes and enhance our internal quality assurance program. We will also need additional certified laboratory scientists and other scientific and technicalpersonnel to process higher volumes of our tests. We cannot assure you that any increases in scale, related improvements and quality assurance will be successfullyimplemented or that appropriate personnel will be available. Failure to implement necessary procedures, transition to new processes or hire the necessary personnelcould result in higher costs of processing tests, quality control issues or inability to meet demand. There can be no assurance that we will be able to perform ourtesting on a timely basis at a level consistent with demand, or that our efforts to scale our operations will not negatively affect the quality of test results. If weencounter difficulty meeting market demand or quality standards, our reputation could be harmed and our future prospects and our business could suffer.Changes in healthcare policy, including legislation reforming the U.S. healthcare system, may have a material adverse effect on our financial condition andoperations.The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, as amended by the Health Care and Education Affordability Reconciliation Act, collectively the ACA,enacted in March 2010, makes changes that are expected to significantly affect the pharmaceutical and medical device industries and clinical laboratories. EffectiveJanuary 1, 2013, the ACA includes a 2.3% excise tax on the sale of certain medical devices sold outside of the retail setting. Although a moratorium has beenimposed on this excise tax for 2016 and 2017, the excise tax is scheduled to be restored in 2018.Other significant measures contained in the ACA include, for example, coordination and promotion of research on comparative clinical effectiveness ofdifferent technologies and procedures, initiatives to revise Medicare payment methodologies, such as bundling of payments across the continuum of care byproviders and physicians, and initiatives to promote quality indicators in payment methodologies. The ACA also includes significant new fraud and abusemeasures, including required disclosures of financial arrangements with physician customers, lower thresholds for violations and increasing potential penalties forsuch violations. In addition, the ACA establishes an Independent Payment Advisory Board, or IPAB, to reduce the per capita rate of growth in Medicare spending.The IPAB has broad discretion to propose policies to reduce expenditures, which may have a negative effect on payment rates for services. The IPAB proposalsmay affect payments for clinical laboratory services beginning in 2016 and for hospital services beginning in 2020. We are monitoring the effect of the ACA todetermine the trends and changes that may be necessitated by the legislation, any of which may potentially affect our business.In the beginning of 2017, the U.S. Congress and the President of the United States took actions to repeal the ACA and indicated an intent to replace it withanother act. We cannot predict what a new act would include and cannot quantify the effect on our business.In addition to the ACA, the effect of which on our business cannot presently be fully quantified, various healthcare reform proposals have also emerged fromfederal and state governments. For example, in February 2012, Congress passed the Middle Class Tax Relief and Job Creation Act of 2012, which in part reset theclinical laboratory payment rates on the Medicare Clinical Laboratory Fee Schedule, or CLFS, by 2% in 2013. In addition, under the Budget Control Act of 2011,which is effective for dates of service on or after April 1, 2013, Medicare payments, including payments to clinical laboratories, are subject to a reduction of 2%due to the automatic expense reductions (sequester) until fiscal year 2024. Reductions resulting from the Congressional sequester are applied to total claimspayment made; however, they do not currently result in a rebasing of the negotiated or established Medicare or Medicaid reimbursement rates.State legislation on reimbursement applies to Medicaid reimbursement and managed Medicaid reimbursement rates within that state. Some states havepassed or proposed legislation that would revise reimbursement methodology for clinical laboratory payment rates under those Medicaid programs. We cannotpredict whether future healthcare initiatives will be implemented at the federal or state level or in countries outside of the United States in which we may dobusiness, or the effect any future legislation21Table of Contentsor regulation will have on us. The taxes imposed by the new federal legislation, cost reduction measures and the expansion in the role of the U.S. government in thehealthcare industry may result in decreased revenue, lower reimbursement by payers for our tests or reduced medical procedure volumes, all of which mayadversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, sales of our tests outside the United States subject our business to foreignregulatory requirements and cost-reduction measures, which may also change over time.Ongoing calls for deficit reduction at the federal government level and reforms to programs such as the Medicare program to pay for such reductions mayaffect the pharmaceutical, medical device and clinical laboratory industries. Currently, clinical laboratory services are excluded from the Medicare Part B co-insurance and co-payment as preventative services. Any requirement for clinical laboratories to collect co-payments from patients may increase our costs andreduce the amount ultimately collected.CMS announced plans to bundle payments for clinical laboratory diagnostic tests together with other services performed during hospital outpatient visitsunder the Hospital Outpatient Prospective Payment System. For calendar year 2016, CMS maintained an exemption for molecular pathology tests from thisbundling provision. It is possible that this exemption could be removed by CMS in future rule making, which might result in lower reimbursement for testsperformed in this setting.The Protecting Access to Medicare Act of 2014, or PAMA, includes a substantial new payment system for clinical laboratory tests under the CLFS. UnderPAMA, laboratories that receive the majority of their Medicare revenues from payments made under the CLFS would report initially and then on a subsequentthree-year basis thereafter (or annually for advanced diagnostic laboratory tests, or ADLTs), private payer payment rates and volumes for their tests. The finalPAMA ruling was issued June 17, 2016, indicating that data for reporting for the new PAMA process will begin in 2017 and the new market based rates will takeeffect January 1, 2018. We believe that the final PAMA regulations are generally favorable for us. The private payer rate will be calculated based on claims whoseadjudication is final and will include patient deductible and co-insurance amounts. Additionally, we believe our Afirma GEC as well as our Percepta test, oncecovered, would be considered ADLTs and that we can determine when to seek ADLT status. We cannot assure you that reimbursement rates under the finalregulations for tests like ours will not be adversely affected.Because of Medicare billing rules, we may not receive reimbursement for all tests provided to Medicare patients.Under current Medicare billing rules, payment for our tests performed on Medicare beneficiaries who were hospital inpatients at the time the tissue sampleswere obtained and whose tests were ordered less than 14 days from discharge must be bundled into the payment that the hospital receives for the inpatient servicesprovided. Medicare billing rules also require hospitals to bill for our tests when ordered for hospital outpatients less than 14 days following the date of the hospitalprocedure where the tissue samples were obtained. Accordingly, we are required to bill individual hospitals for tests performed on Medicare beneficiaries duringthese time frames. We cannot ensure that hospitals will pay us for tests performed that fall under these rules. We cannot assure you that Medicare will not changethis limitation in the future.If the FDA were to begin regulating our tests, we could incur substantial costs and delays associated with trying to obtain premarket clearance or approval.Clinical laboratory tests have long been subject to comprehensive regulations under the Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments of 1988, or CLIA, aswell as by applicable state laws. Most laboratory developed tests, or LDTs, are not currently subject to regulation by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, orFDA, although reagents, instruments, software or components provided by third parties and used to perform LDTs may be subject to regulation. While the FDAmaintains its authority to regulate LDTs, it has chosen to exercise its enforcement discretion not to regulate LDTs as medical devices. We believe that the AfirmaGEC and the Percepta and Envisia classifiers are LDTs. In October 2014, the FDA issued draft guidance, entitled "Framework for Regulatory Oversight of LDTs,"proposing the phased-in enforcement of premarket review requirements for most LDTs. The framework is similar to previously issued guidance. There is notimeframe in which the FDA must issue final guidance documents. If the guidance were enacted, our tests could be required to comply with FDA regulationsapplicable to medical devices.In January 2017 the FDA issued a “Discussion Paper on Laboratory Developed Tests” following input it received from multiple stakeholders who hadcommented on its 2014 draft guidance. While the FDA specifically states in its Discussion Paper that it does not represent a final version of the LDT draft guidancedocuments that were published in 2014, it is designed to provide a possible approach to spark further dialogue. The suggested LDT framework could grandfathermany types of LDTs without requiring new premarket review or quality management requirements. It is also suggesting a four-year phased implementation ofmarket authorization requirements for some types of tests.22Table of ContentsIf the FDA were to require us to seek clearance or approval for our existing tests or any of our future products for clinical use, we may not be able to obtainsuch approvals on a timely basis, or at all. While we believe our current tests would likely qualify for the “grandfathered” tests treatment, there can be no assuranceof what the FDA might ultimately require if it issued final guidance. If premarket reviews were required, our business could be negatively impacted if we wererequired to stop selling our products pending their clearance or approval. In addition, the launch of any new products that we develop could be delayed by theimplementation of future FDA guidance. The cost of complying with premarket review requirements, including obtaining clinical data, could be significant. Inaddition, future regulation by the FDA could subject our business to further regulatory risks and costs. Failure to comply with applicable regulatory requirementsof the FDA could result in enforcement action, including receiving untitled or warning letters, fines, injunctions, or civil or criminal penalties. Any suchenforcement action would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and operations. In addition, our sample collection containers are listedas Class I devices with the FDA. If the FDA were to determine that they are not Class I devices, we would be required to file 510(k) applications and obtain FDAclearance to use the containers, which could be time consuming and expensive.Some of the materials we use for our tests and that we may use for future tests are labeled for research use only. In November 2013, the FDA finalizedguidance regarding the sale and use of products labeled for research or investigational use only. Among other things, the guidance advises that the FDA continuesto be concerned about distribution of research or investigational use only products intended for clinical diagnostic use and that the manufacturer's objective intentfor the product's intended use will be determined by examining the totality of circumstances, including advertising, instructions for clinical interpretation,presentations that describe clinical use, and specialized technical support, surrounding the distribution of the product in question. The FDA has advised that ifevidence demonstrates that a product is inappropriately labeled for research or investigational use only, the device would be misbranded and adulterated within themeaning of the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act. Some of the reagents, instruments, software or components obtained by us from suppliers for use in ourproducts are currently labeled as research or investigational-use only products. If the FDA were to undertake enforcement actions, some of our suppliers mightcease selling research or investigational-use only products to us, and any failure to obtain an acceptable substitute could significantly and adversely affect ourbusiness, financial condition and results of operations, including increasing the cost of testing or delaying, limiting or prohibiting the purchase of reagents,instruments, software or components necessary to perform testing.If we are unable to compete successfully, we may be unable to increase or sustain our revenue or achieve profitability.Our principal competition for our tests comes from traditional methods used by physicians to diagnose and manage patient care decisions. For example, withour Afirma test, practice guidelines in the United States have historically recommended that patients with indeterminate diagnoses from cytopathology results beconsidered for surgery to remove all or part of the thyroid to rule out cancer. This practice has been the standard of care in the United States for many years, andwe need to continue to educate physicians about the benefits of the Afirma test to change clinical practice.We also face competition from companies and academic institutions that use next generation sequencing technology or other methods to measure mutationalmarkers such as BRAF and KRAS, along with numerous other mutations. These organizations include Interpace Diagnostics Group, Inc., Rosetta Genomics Ltd.,and others who are developing new products or technologies that may compete with our tests. In the future, we may also face competition from companiesdeveloping new products or technologies.With the Percepta and Envisia tests, we believe our primary competition will similarly come from traditional methods used by physicians to diagnose therelated diseases. For the Percepta test, we expect competition from companies focused on lung cancer such as Integrated Diagnostics, Inc. We also anticipatefacing potential competition from companies offering or developing approaches for assessing malignancy risk in patients with lung nodules using alternativesamples, such as blood, urine or sputum. However, such "liquid biopsies" are often used earlier in the diagnostic paradigm—for instance, to screen for cancer—orto gauge risk of recurrence or response to treatment.In general, we also face competition from commercial laboratories, such as Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings, Quest Diagnostics Incorporatedand Sonic Healthcare USA, with strong infrastructure to support the commercialization of diagnostic services. We face potential competition from companies suchas Illumina, Inc. and Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., both of which have entered the clinical diagnostics market. Other potential competitors include companies thatdevelop diagnostic products, such as Roche Diagnostics, a division of Roche Holding Ltd, Siemens AG and Qiagen N.V.23Table of ContentsIn addition, competitors may develop their own versions of our solutions in countries we may seek to enter where we do not have patents or where ourintellectual property rights are not recognized and compete with us in those countries, including encouraging the use of their solutions by physicians in othercountries.To compete successfully, we must be able to demonstrate, among other things, that our diagnostic test results are accurate and cost effective, and we mustsecure a meaningful level of reimbursement for our products.Many of our potential competitors have widespread brand recognition and substantially greater financial, technical and research and development resources,and selling and marketing capabilities than we do. Others may develop products with prices lower than ours that could be viewed by physicians and payers asfunctionally equivalent to our solutions, or offer solutions at prices designed to promote market penetration, which could force us to lower the list price of oursolutions and affect our ability to achieve profitability. If we are unable to change clinical practice in a meaningful way or to compete successfully against currentand future competitors, we may be unable to increase market acceptance and sales of our products, which could prevent us from increasing our revenue orachieving profitability and could cause the market price of our common stock to decline. As we add new tests and services, we will face many of these samecompetitive risks for these new tests.The loss of members of our senior management team or our inability to attract and retain key personnel could adversely affect our business.Our success depends largely on the skills, experience and performance of key members of our executive management team and others in key managementpositions. The efforts of each of these persons together will be critical to us as we continue to develop our technologies and test processes and focus on our growth.If we were to lose one or more of these key employees, we may experience difficulties in competing effectively, developing our technologies and implementingour business strategy.In addition, our research and development programs and commercial laboratory operations depend on our ability to attract and retain highly skilled scientists.We may not be able to attract or retain qualified scientists and technicians in the future due to the intense competition for qualified personnel among life sciencebusinesses, particularly in the San Francisco Bay Area. Our success in the development and commercialization of advanced diagnostics requires a significantmedical and clinical staff to conduct studies and educate physicians and payers on the merits of our tests in order to achieve adoption and reimbursement. We are ina highly competitive industry to attract and retain this talent. As a public company located in the San Francisco Bay Area, we also face intense competition forhighly skilled finance and accounting personnel. If we are unable to attract and retain finance and accounting personnel experienced in public company financialreporting, we risk being unable to close our books and file our public documents on a timely basis. Additionally, our success depends on our ability to attract andretain qualified sales people. We recently significantly expanded our sales force as we transitioned out of our Genzyme Corporation co-promotion agreement in theUnited States. There can be no assurance that we will be successful in maintaining and growing our business. Additionally, as we increase our sales channels fornew tests we commercialize, including the Percepta and Envisia tests, we may have difficulties recruiting and training additional sales personnel or retainingqualified salespeople, which could cause a delay or decline in the rate of adoption of our tests. Finally, our business requires specialized capabilities inreimbursement, billing, and other areas and there may be a shortage of qualified individuals. If we are not able to attract and retain the necessary personnel toaccomplish our business objectives, we may experience constraints that could adversely affect our ability to support our research and development, clinicallaboratory, sales and reimbursement, billing and finance efforts. All of our employees are at will, which means that either we or the employee may terminate theiremployment at any time. We do not carry key man insurance for any of our employees.We may be unable to manage our future growth effectively, which could make it difficult to execute our business strategy.In addition to the need to scale our testing capacity, future growth, including our transition to a multi-product company with international operations, willimpose significant added responsibilities on management, including the need to identify, recruit, train and integrate additional employees with the necessary skillsto support the growing complexities of our business. Rapid and significant growth may place strain on our administrative, financial and operational infrastructure.Our ability to manage our business and growth will require us to continue to improve our operational, financial and management controls, reporting systems andprocedures. We have implemented an internally developed data warehouse, which is critical to our ability to track our diagnostic services and patient reportsdelivered to physicians, as well as to support our financial reporting systems. The time and resources required to optimize these systems is uncertain, and failure tocomplete optimization in a timely and efficient manner could adversely affect our operations. If we are unable to manage our growth effectively, it may be difficultfor us to execute our business strategy and our business could be harmed.24Table of ContentsBilling for our diagnostic tests is complex, and we must dedicate substantial time and resources to the billing process to be paid.Billing for clinical laboratory testing services is complex, time consuming and expensive. Depending on the billing arrangement and applicable law, we billvarious payers, including Medicare, insurance companies and patients, all of which have different billing requirements. We generally bill third-party payers for ourdiagnostic tests and pursue reimbursement on a case-by-case basis where pricing contracts are not in place. To the extent laws or contracts require us to bill patientco-payments or co-insurance, we must also comply with these requirements. We may also face increased risk in our collection efforts, including potential write-offs of doubtful accounts and long collection cycles, which could adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.Several factors make the billing process complex, including:•differences between the list price for our tests and the reimbursement rates of payers;•compliance with complex federal and state regulations related to billing Medicare;•risk of government audits related to billing Medicare;•disputes among payers as to which party is responsible for payment;•differences in coverage and in information and billing requirements among payers, including the need for prior authorization and/or advancednotification;•the effect of patient co-payments or co-insurance;•changes to billing codes used for our tests;•incorrect or missing billing information; and•the resources required to manage the billing and claims appeals process.Standard industry billing codes, known as CPT codes, that we use to bill for cytopathology do not generally exist for our proprietary molecular diagnostictests. Therefore, until such time that we are awarded and are able to use a designated CPT code specific to our tests, we use "miscellaneous" codes for claimsubmissions. These codes can change over time. When codes change, there is a risk of an error being made in the claim adjudication process. These errors canoccur with claims submission, third-party transmission or in the processing of the claim by the payer. Claim adjudication errors may result in a delay in paymentprocessing or a reduction in the amount of the payment received. Coding changes, therefore, may have an adverse effect on our revenues. Even when we receive adesignated CPT code specific to our tests, such as the one for the Afirma GEC that became effective January 1, 2016, there can be no assurance that payers willrecognize these codes in a timely manner or that the process of transitioning to such a code and updating their billing systems and ours will not result in errors,delays in payments and a related increase in accounts receivable balances.As we introduce new tests, we will need to add new codes to our billing process as well as our financial reporting systems. Failure or delays in effectingthese changes in external billing and internal systems and processes could negatively affect our collection rates, revenue, and cost of collecting.Additionally, our billing activities require us to implement compliance procedures and oversight, train and monitor our employees, challenge coverage andpayment denials, assist patients in appealing claims, and undertake internal audits to evaluate compliance with applicable laws and regulations as well as internalcompliance policies and procedures. Payers also conduct external audits to evaluate payments, which add further complexity to the billing process. If the payermakes an overpayment determination, there is a risk that we may be required to return some portion of prior payments we have received. These billingcomplexities, and the related uncertainty in obtaining payment for our tests, could negatively affect our revenue and cash flow, our ability to achieve profitability,and the consistency and comparability of our results of operations.25Table of ContentsWe rely on a third-party provider to transmit claims to payers, and any delay in transmitting claims could have an adverse effect on our revenue.While we manage the overall processing of claims, we rely on a third-party provider to transmit the actual claims to payers based on the specific payerbilling format. We have previously experienced delays in claims processing when our third-party provider made changes to its invoicing system, and again when itdid not submit claims to payers within the timeframe we require. Additionally, coding for diagnostic tests may change, and such changes may cause short-termbilling errors that may take significant time to resolve. If claims are not submitted to payers on a timely basis or are erroneously submitted, or if we are required toswitch to a different provider to handle claim submissions, we may experience delays in our ability to process these claims and receipt of payments from payers, orpossibly denial of claims for lack of timely submission, which would have an adverse effect on our revenue and our business.Our future success will depend in part on our ability to successfully transition from our relationship with Genzyme to co-promote Afirma in the United States.We sell Afirma in the United States through our internal sales team and, until recently, also through a co-promotion agreement with Genzyme Corporation,which we terminated effective September 2016. In connection with the transition, we have hired additional sales personnel to sell our Afirma tests. If we areunsuccessful in transitioning the sales and marketing of the Afirma test from Genzyme solely to our internal sales and marketing personnel, we may experiencedeclining test volumes and associated declines in revenue. We may not be able to market or sell the Afirma test effectively enough to maintain or increase demandfor the test, or without significant additional sales and marketing efforts and expense. Our failure to do so successfully without the benefit of Genzyme’s effortscould have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.Developing new products involves a lengthy and complex process, and we may not be able to commercialize on a timely basis, or at all, other products we aredeveloping.We continually seek to develop enhancements to our current test offerings and additional diagnostic solutions that requires us to devote considerableresources to research and development. There can be no assurance that we will be able to identify other diseases that can be effectively addressed with ourmolecular cytology platform. In addition, if we identify such diseases, we may not be able to develop products with the diagnostic accuracy necessary to beclinically useful and commercially successful. We may face challenges obtaining sufficient numbers of samples to validate a genomic signature for a moleculardiagnostic product. We launched the Percepta test in April 2015 and the Envisia test in October 2016. We still must complete studies that meet the clinicalevidence required to obtain reimbursement, which studies are currently underway.In order to develop and commercialize diagnostic tests, we need to:•expend significant funds to conduct substantial research and development;•conduct successful analytical and clinical studies;•scale our laboratory processes to accommodate new tests; and•build the commercial infrastructure to market and sell new products.Our product development process involves a high degree of risk and may take several years. Our product development efforts may fail for many reasons,including:•failure to identify a genomic signature in biomarker discovery;•inability to secure sufficient numbers of samples at an acceptable cost and on an acceptable timeframe to conduct analytical and clinical studies;or•failure of clinical validation studies to support the effectiveness of the test.26Table of ContentsTypically, few research and development projects result in commercial products, and success in early clinical studies often is not replicated in later studies.At any point, we may abandon development of a product candidate or we may be required to expend considerable resources repeating clinical studies, which wouldadversely affect the timing for generating potential revenue from a new product and our ability to invest in other products in our pipeline. If a clinical validationstudy fails to demonstrate the prospectively defined endpoints of the study or if we fail to sufficiently demonstrate analytical validity, we might choose to abandonthe development of the product, which could harm our business. In addition, competitors may develop and commercialize competing products or technologiesfaster than us or at a lower cost.If we are unable to develop products to keep pace with rapid technological, medical and scientific change, our operating results and competitive position couldbe harmed.In recent years, there have been numerous advances in technologies relating to diagnostics, particularly diagnostics that are based on genomic information.These advances require us to continuously develop our technology and to work to develop new solutions to keep pace with evolving standards of care. Oursolutions could become obsolete unless we continually innovate and expand our product offerings to include new clinical applications. If we are unable to developnew products or to demonstrate the applicability of our products for other diseases, our sales could decline and our competitive position could be harmed.We may acquire businesses or assets, form joint ventures or make investments in other companies or technologies that could harm our operating results, diluteour stockholders' ownership, increase our debt or cause us to incur significant expense.We acquired Allegro Diagnostics Corp. in September 2014, and we may pursue additional acquisitions of complementary businesses or assets, as well astechnology licensing arrangements as part of our business strategy. We also may pursue strategic alliances that leverage our core technology and industryexperience to expand our offerings or distribution, or make investments in other companies. To date, we have limited experience with respect to acquisitions andthe formation of strategic alliances and joint ventures. We may not be able to integrate acquisitions successfully into our existing business, and we could assumeunknown or contingent liabilities. In addition, we may not realize the expected benefits of an acquisition or investment. Any acquisitions made by us also couldresult in significant write-offs or the incurrence of debt and contingent liabilities, any of which could harm our operating results. Integration of acquired companiesor businesses we may acquire in the future also may require management resources that otherwise would be available for ongoing development of our existingbusiness. We may not identify or complete these transactions in a timely manner, on a cost-effective basis, or at all, and we may not realize the anticipated benefitsof any acquisition, technology license, strategic alliance, joint venture or investment.To finance any acquisitions or investments, we may choose to issue shares of our stock as consideration, which would dilute the ownership of ourstockholders. If the price of our common stock is low or volatile, we may not be able to acquire other companies for stock. Alternatively, it may be necessary for usto raise additional funds for these activities through public or private financings. Additional funds may not be available on terms that are favorable to us, or at all. Ifthese funds are raised through the sale of equity or convertible debt securities, dilution to our stockholders could result. Our current loan and security agreementcontains covenants that could limit our ability to sell debt securities or obtain additional debt financing arrangements, which could affect our ability to financeacquisitions or investments other than through the issuance of stock.If we fail to comply with federal and state licensing requirements, we could lose the ability to perform our tests or experience disruptions to our business.We are subject to CLIA, a federal law that regulates clinical laboratories that perform testing on specimens derived from humans for the purpose ofproviding information for the diagnosis, prevention or treatment of disease. CLIA regulations mandate specific quality standards, personnel qualifications andresponsibilities, facility administration, general laboratory systems, quality assessment, quality control, pre-analytic, analytic, and post-analytic systems andproficiency testing. CLIA certification is also required for us to be eligible to bill state and federal healthcare programs, as well as many private third-party payers.To renew these certifications, we are subject to survey and inspection every two years. Moreover, CLIA inspectors may make random inspections of our clinicalreference laboratories. With our recent relocation of our South San Francisco CLIA laboratory to our new building, we may be subject to additional inspections oraudits by federal or state regulatory agencies to maintain our CLIA certificate. If we were to relocate our Texas facility, we might be subject to the sameinspections or audits at our new facility.27Table of ContentsWe are also required to maintain state licenses to conduct testing in our laboratories. California, New York, Texas, among other states' laws, require that wemaintain a license and comply with state regulation as a clinical laboratory. Other states may have similar requirements or may adopt similar requirements in thefuture. In addition, both of our clinical laboratories are required to be licensed on a test-specific basis by New York State. We have received approval for theAfirma and Percepta tests. We will be required to obtain approval for other tests we may offer in the future. New York law also mandates proficiency testing forlaboratories licensed under New York state law, regardless of whether such laboratories are located in New York. If we were to lose our CLIA certificate orCalifornia license for our South San Francisco laboratory, whether as a result of revocation, suspension or limitation, we would no longer be able to perform theAfirma GEC or Percepta tests, which would eliminate our primary source of revenue and harm our business. If we were to lose our CLIA certificate for our Austinlaboratory, we would need to move the receipt and storage of FNAs, as well as the slide preparation for cytopathology, to South San Francisco, which could resultin a delay in processing tests during that transition and increased costs. If we were to lose our licenses issued by New York or by other states where we are requiredto hold licenses, we would not be able to test specimens from those states. New tests we may develop may be subject to new approvals by regulatory bodies suchas New York State, and we may not be able to offer our new tests until such approvals are received.We may experience limits on our revenue if patients decide not to use our tests.Some patients may decide not to use our tests because of price, all or part of which may be payable directly by the patient if the patient's insurer deniesreimbursement in full or in part. There is a growing trend among insurers to shift more of the cost of healthcare to patients in the form of higher co-payments orpremiums, and this trend is accelerating which puts patients in the position of having to pay more for our tests. Implementation of provisions of the ACA has alsoresulted in increases in premiums and reductions in coverage for some patients. These events may result in patients delaying or forgoing medical checkups ortreatment due to their inability to pay for our tests, which could have an adverse effect on our revenue.Complying with numerous statutes and regulations pertaining to our business is an expensive and time-consuming process, and any failure to comply couldresult in substantial penalties.Our operations are subject to other extensive federal, state, local, and foreign laws and regulations, all of which are subject to change. These laws andregulations currently include, among others:•the Federal Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996, or HIPAA, which established comprehensive federal standards withrespect to the privacy and security of protected health information and requirements for the use of certain standardized electronic transactions,and amendments made in 2013 to HIPAA under the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act, or HITECH, whichstrengthen and expand HIPAA privacy and security compliance requirements, increase penalties for violators, extend enforcement authority tostate attorneys general, and impose requirements for breach notification;•Medicare billing and payment regulations applicable to clinical laboratories;•the Federal Anti-Kickback Statute, which prohibits knowingly and willfully offering, paying, soliciting, or receiving remuneration, directly orindirectly, in exchange for or to induce either the referral of an individual, or the furnishing, arranging for, or recommending of an item orservice that is reimbursable, in whole or in part, by a federal healthcare program;•the Federal Stark physician self-referral law (and state equivalents), which prohibits a physician from making a referral for certain designatedhealth services covered by the Medicare program, including laboratory and pathology services, if the physician or an immediate family memberhas a financial relationship with the entity providing the designated health services, unless the financial relationship falls within an applicableexception to the prohibition;•the Federal Civil Monetary Penalties Law, which prohibits, among other things, the offering or transfer of remuneration to a Medicare or statehealth care program beneficiary if the person knows or should know it is likely to influence the beneficiary's selection of a particular provider,practitioner, or supplier of services reimbursable by Medicare or a state health care program, unless an exception applies;28Table of Contents•the Federal False Claims Act, which imposes liability on any person or entity that, among other things, knowingly presents, or causes to bepresented, a false or fraudulent claim for payment to the federal government;•other federal and state fraud and abuse laws, such as anti-kickback laws, prohibitions on self-referral, fee-splitting restrictions, prohibitions onthe provision of products at no or discounted cost to induce physician or patient adoption, and false claims acts, which may extend to servicesreimbursable by any third-party payer, including private insurers;•the prohibition on reassignment of Medicare claims, which, subject to certain exceptions, precludes the reassignment of Medicare claims to anyother party;•the rules regarding billing for diagnostic tests reimbursable by the Medicare program, which prohibit a physician or other supplier from markingup the price of the technical component or professional component of a diagnostic test ordered by the physician or other supplier and supervisedor performed by a physician who does not "share a practice" with the billing physician or supplier;•state laws that prohibit other specified practices related to billing such as billing physicians for testing that they order, waiving co-insurance, co-payments, deductibles, and other amounts owed by patients, and billing a state Medicaid program at a price that is higher than what is charged toother payers; and•the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, and other similar laws, which apply to our international activities.We have adopted policies and procedures designed to comply with these laws and regulations. In the ordinary course of our business, we conduct internalreviews of our compliance with these laws. Our compliance is also subject to governmental review. The growth of our business and sales organization and ourexpansion outside of the United States may increase the potential of violating these laws or our internal policies and procedures. We believe that we are in materialcompliance with all statutory and regulatory requirements, but there is a risk that one or more government agencies could take a contrary position. These laws andregulations are complex and are subject to interpretation by the courts and by government agencies. If one or more such agencies alleges that we may be inviolation of any of these requirements, regardless of the outcome, it could damage our reputation and adversely affect important business relationships with thirdparties, including managed care organizations and other commercial third-party payers. Any action brought against us for violation of these or other laws orregulations, even if we successfully defend against it, could cause us to incur significant legal expenses and divert our management's attention from the operationof our business. If our operations are found to be in violation of any of these laws and regulations, we may be subject to any applicable penalty associated with theviolation, including civil and criminal penalties, damages and fines, we could be required to refund payments received by us, and we could be required to curtail orcease our operations. Any of the foregoing consequences could seriously harm our business and our financial results.International expansion of our business exposes us to business, regulatory, political, operational, financial and economic risks associated with doing businessoutside of the United States.Our business strategy includes international expansion in select countries, and may include developing and maintaining physician outreach and educationcapabilities outside of the United States, establishing agreements with laboratories, and expanding our relationships with international payers. Doing businessinternationally involves a number of risks, including:•multiple, conflicting and changing laws and regulations such as tax laws, privacy laws, export and import restrictions, employment laws,regulatory requirements and other governmental approvals, permits and licenses;•failure by us to obtain regulatory approvals where required for the use of our solutions in various countries;•complexities associated with managing multiple payer reimbursement regimes, government payers or patient self-pay systems;•logistics and regulations associated with shipping tissue samples, including infrastructure conditions and transportation delays;29Table of Contents•challenges associated with establishing laboratory partners, including proper sample collection techniques, inventory management, samplelogistics, billing and promotional activities;•limits on our ability to penetrate international markets if we are not able to process tests locally;•financial risks, such as longer payment cycles, difficulty in collecting from payers, the effect of local and regional financial crises, and exposureto foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations;•natural disasters, political and economic instability, including wars, terrorism, and political unrest, outbreak of disease, boycotts, curtailment oftrade and other business restrictions; and•regulatory and compliance risks that relate to maintaining accurate information and control over activities that may fall within the purview of theForeign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, including both its books and records provisions and its anti-bribery provisions.Any of these factors could significantly harm our future international expansion and operations and, consequently, our revenue and results of operations.If we are sued for product liability or errors and omissions liability, we could face substantial liabilities that exceed our resources.The marketing, sale and use of our current or future tests could lead to product liability claims if someone were to allege that the tests failed to perform asthey were designed. We may also be subject to liability for errors in the results we provide to physicians or for a misunderstanding of, or inappropriate relianceupon, the information we provide. Our Afirma GEC is performed on FNA samples that are diagnosed as indeterminate by standard cytopathology review. Wereport results as benign or suspicious to the prescribing physician. Under certain circumstances, we might report a result as benign that later proves to have beenmalignant. This could be the result of the physician having poor nodule sampling in collecting the FNA, performing the FNA on a different nodule than the onethat is malignant or failure of the GEC to perform as intended. We may also be subject to similar types of claims related to our Afirma Malignancy Classifiers andour Percepta and Envisia tests, as well as tests we may develop in the future. A product liability or errors and omissions liability claim could result in substantialdamages and be costly and time consuming for us to defend. Although we maintain product liability and errors and omissions insurance, we cannot assure you thatour insurance would fully protect us from the financial impact of defending against these types of claims or any judgments, fines or settlement costs arising out ofany such claims. Any product liability or errors and omissions liability claim brought against us, with or without merit, could increase our insurance rates orprevent us from securing insurance coverage in the future. Additionally, any product liability lawsuit could cause injury to our reputation or cause us to suspendsales of our products and solutions. The occurrence of any of these events could have an adverse effect on our business and results of operations.If our laboratory in South San Francisco becomes inoperable due to an earthquake or either of our laboratories becomes inoperable for any other reason, wewill be unable to perform our testing services and our business will be harmed.We perform all of the Afirma GEC, Percepta and Envisia testing at our laboratory in South San Francisco, California. Our laboratory in Austin, Texasaccepts and stores substantially all FNA samples pending transfer to our California laboratory for Afirma GEC processing. The laboratories and equipment we useto perform our tests would be costly to replace and could require substantial lead time to replace and qualify for use if they became inoperable. Either of ourfacilities may be harmed or rendered inoperable by natural or man-made disasters, including earthquakes, flooding and power outages, which may render itdifficult or impossible for us to perform our testing services for some period of time or to receive and store samples. The inability to perform our tests for even ashort period of time may result in the loss of customers or harm our reputation, and we may be unable to regain those customers in the future. Although wemaintain insurance for damage to our property and the disruption of our business, this insurance may not be sufficient to cover all of our potential losses and maynot continue to be available to us on acceptable terms, if at all.30Table of ContentsIf we cannot enter into new clinical study collaborations, our product development and subsequent commercialization could be delayed.In the past, we have entered into clinical study collaborations, and our success in the future depends in part on our ability to enter into additionalcollaborations with highly regarded institutions. This can be difficult due to internal and external constraints placed on these organizations. Some organizationsmay limit the number of collaborations they have with any one company so as to not be perceived as biased or conflicted. Organizations may also have insufficientadministrative and related infrastructure to enable collaboration with many companies at once, which can extend the time it takes to develop, negotiate andimplement a collaboration. Moreover, it may take longer to obtain the samples we need which could delay our trials, publications, and product launches andreimbursement. Additionally, organizations often insist on retaining the rights to publish the clinical data resulting from the collaboration. The publication ofclinical data in peer-reviewed journals is a crucial step in commercializing and obtaining reimbursement for our diagnostic tests, and our inability to control whenand if results are published may delay or limit our ability to derive sufficient revenue from them.If we use hazardous materials in a manner that causes contamination or injury, we could be liable for resulting damages.We are subject to federal, state and local laws, rules and regulations governing the use, discharge, storage, handling and disposal of biological material,chemicals and waste. We cannot eliminate the risk of accidental contamination or injury to employees or third parties from the use, storage, handling or disposal ofthese materials. In the event of contamination or injury, we could be held liable for any resulting damages, remediation costs and any related penalties or fines, andany liability could exceed our resources or any applicable insurance coverage we may have. The cost of compliance with these laws and regulations may becomesignificant, and our failure to comply may result in substantial fines or other consequences, and either could negatively affect our operating results.Our inability to raise additional capital on acceptable terms in the future may limit our ability to develop and commercialize new solutions and technologiesand expand our operations.We expect continued capital expenditures and operating losses over the next several years as we expand our infrastructure, commercial operations andresearch and development activities. We may seek to raise additional capital through equity offerings, debt financings, collaborations or licensing arrangements.Additional funding may not be available to us on acceptable terms, or at all. If we raise funds by issuing equity securities, dilution to our stockholders could result.Any equity securities issued also may provide for rights, preferences or privileges senior to those of holders of our common stock. The terms of debt securitiesissued or borrowings could impose significant restrictions on our operations. The incurrence of additional indebtedness or the issuance of certain equity securitiescould result in increased fixed payment obligations and could also result in restrictive covenants, such as limitations on our ability to incur additional debt or issueadditional equity, limitations on our ability to acquire or license intellectual property rights, and other operating restrictions that could adversely affect our abilityto conduct our business. Our current credit agreement imposes restrictions on our operations, increases our fixed payment obligations, and has restrictivecovenants. In addition, the issuance of additional equity securities by us, or the possibility of such issuance, may cause the market price of our common stock todecline. In the event that we enter into collaborations or licensing arrangements to raise capital, we may be required to accept unfavorable terms. These agreementsmay require that we relinquish or license to a third-party on unfavorable terms our rights to technologies or product candidates that we otherwise would seek todevelop or commercialize ourselves, or reserve certain opportunities for future potential arrangements when we might be able to achieve more favorable terms. Ifwe are not able to secure additional funding when needed, we may have to delay, reduce the scope of or eliminate one or more research and development programsor selling and marketing initiatives. In addition, we may have to work with a partner on one or more of our products or development programs, which could lowerthe economic value of those programs to our company.Security breaches, loss of data and other disruptions to us or our third-party service providers could compromise sensitive information related to our businessor prevent us from accessing critical information and expose us to liability, which could adversely affect our business and our reputation.In the ordinary course of our business, we and our third-party service providers collect and store sensitive data, including legally protected healthinformation, personally identifiable information about our patients, credit card information, intellectual property, and our proprietary business and financialinformation. We manage and maintain our applications and data utilizing a combination of on-site systems, managed data center systems and cloud-based datacenter systems. We face a number of risks relative to our protection of, and our service providers' protection of, this critical information, including loss of access,inappropriate disclosure and inappropriate access, as well as risks associated with our ability to identify and audit such events.31Table of ContentsThe secure processing, storage, maintenance and transmission of this critical information is vital to our operations and business strategy, and we devotesignificant resources to protecting such information. Although we take measures to protect sensitive information from unauthorized access or disclosure, ourinformation technology and infrastructure may be vulnerable to attacks by hackers or viruses or otherwise breached due to employee error, malfeasance or otheractivities. While we are not aware of any such attack or breach, if such event would occur and cause interruptions in our operations, our networks would becompromised and the information we store on those networks could be accessed by unauthorized parties, publicly disclosed, lost or stolen. Any such access,disclosure or other loss of information could result in legal claims or proceedings, liability under laws that protect the privacy of personal information, such asHIPAA, and regulatory penalties. Unauthorized access, loss or dissemination could also disrupt our operations, including our ability to process tests, provide testresults, bill payers or patients, process claims and appeals, provide customer assistance services, conduct research and development activities, collect, process andprepare company financial information, provide information about our tests and other patient and physician education and outreach efforts through our website,manage the administrative aspects of our business and damage our reputation, any of which could adversely affect our business.In addition, the interpretation and application of consumer, health-related and data protection laws in the United States, Europe and elsewhere are oftenuncertain, contradictory and in flux. It is possible that these laws may be interpreted and applied in a manner that is inconsistent with our practices. If so, this couldresult in government-imposed fines or orders requiring that we change our practices, which could adversely affect our business. In addition, in October 2015, theEuropean Court of Justice invalidated a safe-harbor agreement between the United States and European Union member-states, which addressed how U.S.companies handle personal information of European customers. On May 4, 2016, the European Commission published a new Regulation and a new Directiveregarding personal data privacy. The Regulation went into force on May 24, 2016 and shall apply beginning May 25, 2018. The Directive went into force on May5, 2016 and EU member states must transpose it into their national law by May 6, 2018. As a result, we may need to modify the way we treat such information.Complying with these various laws could cause us to incur substantial costs or require us to change our business practices, systems and compliance procedures in amanner adverse to our business.If we cannot license rights to use technologies on reasonable terms, we may not be able to commercialize new products in the future.In the future, we may license third-party technology to develop or commercialize new products. In return for the use of a third-party's technology, we mayagree to pay the licensor royalties based on sales of our solutions. Royalties are a component of cost of revenue and affect the margins on our solutions. We mayalso need to negotiate licenses to patents and patent applications after introducing a commercial product. Our business may suffer if we are unable to enter into thenecessary licenses on acceptable terms, or at all, if any necessary licenses are subsequently terminated, if the licensors fail to abide by the terms of the license orfail to prevent infringement by third parties, or if the licensed patents or other rights are found to be invalid or unenforceable.If we are unable to protect our intellectual property effectively, our business would be harmed.We rely on patent protection as well as trademark, copyright, trade secret and other intellectual property rights protection and contractual restrictions toprotect our proprietary technologies, all of which provide limited protection and may not adequately protect our rights or permit us to gain or keep any competitiveadvantage. If we fail to protect our intellectual property, third parties may be able to compete more effectively against us and we may incur substantial litigationcosts in our attempts to recover or restrict use of our intellectual property.We apply for and in-license patents covering our products and technologies and uses thereof, as we deem appropriate, however we may fail to apply forpatents on important products and technologies in a timely fashion or at all, or we may fail to apply for patents in potentially relevant jurisdictions. We havethirteen issued patents that expire between 2029 and 2032 related to methods used in the Afirma diagnostic platform, in addition to fourteen pending U.S. utilitypatent applications and two pending Patent Cooperation Treaty, or PCT, patent applications. Some of these U.S. utility patent applications have pending foreigncounterparts. We also exclusively licensed intellectual property, including rights to two issued patents that will expire between 2030 and 2032, and three pendingU.S. utility patent applications in the thyroid space that would expire between 2030 and 2033 once issued, related to methods that are used in the Afirma diagnostictest, some of which have foreign counterparts. In the lung diagnostic space, we exclusively license intellectual property rights to seven pending patent applicationsand one issued patent in the United States and abroad. Patents issuing from the licensed portfolio will expire between 2024 and 2028. In addition, we own a PCTapplication and a pending U.S. application related to our Percepta test. The PCT application is currently in the process of being32Table of Contentsnationalized in Australia, Canada, China, Europe, Japan, and South Korea. We also own two applications related to other lung diseases, and a PCT application, apending U.S. application, two ex-U.S. applications, and one provisional U.S. application related to Envisia. Any patents granted from our current lung cancerpatent applications will expire no earlier than 2035 and those from the interstitial lung disease patent applications will expire no earlier than from 2034 to 2037. Itis possible that none of our pending patent applications will result in issued patents in a timely fashion or at all, and even if patents are granted, they may notprovide a basis for intellectual property protection of commercially viable products, may not provide us with any competitive advantages, or may be challengedand invalidated by third parties. It is possible that others will design around our current or future patented technologies. We may not be successful in defending anychallenges made against our patents or patent applications. Any successful third-party challenge to our patents could result in the unenforceability or invalidity ofsuch patents and increased competition to our business. The outcome of patent litigation can be uncertain and any attempt by us to enforce our patent rights againstothers may not be successful, or, if successful, may take substantial time and result in substantial cost, and may divert our efforts and attention from other aspectsof our business.The patent positions of life sciences companies can be highly uncertain and involve complex legal and factual questions for which important legal principlesremain unresolved. No consistent policy regarding the breadth of claims allowed in such companies' patents has emerged to date in the United States or elsewhere.Courts frequently render opinions in the biotechnology field that may affect the patentability of certain inventions or discoveries, including opinions that mayaffect the patentability of methods for analyzing or comparing nucleic acids.In particular, the patent positions of companies engaged in the development and commercialization of genomic diagnostic tests are particularly uncertain.Various courts, including the U.S. Supreme Court, have rendered decisions that affect the scope of patentability of certain inventions or discoveries relating tocertain diagnostic tests and related methods. These decisions state, among other things, that patent claims that recite laws of nature (for example, the relationshipbetween blood levels of certain metabolites and the likelihood that a dosage of a specific drug will be ineffective or cause harm) are not themselves patentable.What constitutes a law of nature is uncertain, and it is possible that certain aspects of genomic diagnostics tests would be considered natural laws. Accordingly, theevolving case law in the United States may adversely affect our ability to obtain patents and may facilitate third-party challenges to any owned and licensedpatents.The laws of some foreign countries do not protect intellectual property rights to the same extent as the laws of the United States, and we may encounterdifficulties protecting and defending such rights in foreign jurisdictions. The legal systems of many other countries do not favor the enforcement of patents andother intellectual property protection, particularly those relating to biotechnology, which could make it difficult for us to stop the infringement of our patents insuch countries. Proceedings to enforce our patent rights in foreign jurisdictions could result in substantial cost and divert our efforts and attention from otheraspects of our business.Changes in either the patent laws or in interpretations of patent laws in the United States or other countries may diminish the value of our intellectualproperty. We cannot predict the breadth of claims that may be allowed or enforced in our patents or in third-party patents. We may not develop additionalproprietary products, methods and technologies that are patentable.In addition to pursuing patents on our technology, we take steps to protect our intellectual property and proprietary technology by entering into agreements,including confidentiality agreements, non-disclosure agreements and intellectual property assignment agreements, with our employees, consultants, academicinstitutions, corporate partners and, when needed, our advisors. Such agreements may not be enforceable or may not provide meaningful protection for our tradesecrets or other proprietary information in the event of unauthorized use or disclosure or other breaches of the agreements, and we may not be able to prevent suchunauthorized disclosure. If we are required to assert our rights against such party, it could result in significant cost and distraction.Monitoring unauthorized disclosure is difficult, and we do not know whether the steps we have taken to prevent such disclosure are, or will be, adequate. Ifwe were to enforce a claim that a third-party had illegally obtained and was using our trade secrets, it would be expensive and time consuming, and the outcomewould be unpredictable. In addition, courts outside the United States may be less willing to protect trade secrets.We may also be subject to claims that our employees have inadvertently or otherwise used or disclosed trade secrets or other proprietary information of theirformer employers, or to claims that we have improperly used or obtained such trade secrets. Litigation may be necessary to defend against these claims. If we failin defending such claims, in addition to paying monetary damages, we may lose valuable intellectual property rights and face increased competition to ourbusiness. A loss of key research personnel work product could hamper or prevent our ability to commercialize potential products, which could harm our business.33Table of ContentsEven if we are successful in defending against these claims, litigation could result in substantial costs and be a distraction to management.Further, competitors could attempt to replicate some or all of the competitive advantages we derive from our development efforts, willfully infringe ourintellectual property rights, design around our protected technology or develop their own competitive technologies that fall outside of our intellectual propertyrights. Others may independently develop similar or alternative products and technologies or replicate any of our products and technologies. If our intellectualproperty does not adequately protect us against competitors' products and methods, our competitive position could be adversely affected, as could our business.We have not registered certain of our trademarks in all of our potential markets. If we apply to register these trademarks, our applications may not be allowedfor registration in a timely fashion or at all, and our registered trademarks may not be maintained or enforced. In addition, opposition or cancellation proceedingsmay be filed against our trademark applications and registrations, and our trademarks may not survive such proceedings. If we do not secure registrations for ourtrademarks, we may encounter more difficulty in enforcing them against third parties than we otherwise would.To the extent our intellectual property offers inadequate protection, or is found to be invalid or unenforceable, we would be exposed to a greater risk of directcompetition. If our intellectual property does not provide adequate coverage of our competitors' products, our competitive position could be adversely affected, ascould our business. Both the patent application process and the process of managing patent disputes can be time consuming and expensive.We may be involved in litigation related to intellectual property, which could be time-intensive and costly and may adversely affect our business, operatingresults or financial condition.We may receive notices of claims of direct or indirect infringement or misappropriation or misuse of other parties' proprietary rights from time to time. Someof these claims may lead to litigation. We cannot assure you that we will prevail in such actions, or that other actions alleging misappropriation or misuse by us ofthird-party trade secrets, infringement by us of third-party patents and trademarks or other rights, or the validity of our patents, trademarks or other rights, will notbe asserted or prosecuted against us.We might not have been the first to make the inventions covered by each of our pending patent applications and we might not have been the first to filepatent applications for these inventions. To determine the priority of these inventions, we may have to participate in interference proceedings, derivationproceedings, or other post-grant proceedings declared by the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office that could result in substantial cost to us. No assurance can begiven that other patent applications will not have priority over our patent applications. In addition, recent changes to the patent laws of the United States allow forvarious post-grant opposition proceedings that have not been extensively tested, and their outcome is therefore uncertain. Furthermore, if third parties bring theseproceedings against our patents, we could experience significant costs and management distraction.Litigation may be necessary for us to enforce our patent and proprietary rights or to determine the scope, coverage and validity of the proprietary rights ofothers. The outcome of any litigation or other proceeding is inherently uncertain and might not be favorable to us, and we might not be able to obtain licenses totechnology that we require on acceptable terms or at all. Further, we could encounter delays in product introductions, or interruptions in product sales, as wedevelop alternative methods or products. In addition, if we resort to legal proceedings to enforce our intellectual property rights or to determine the validity, scopeand coverage of the intellectual property or other proprietary rights of others, the proceedings could be burdensome and expensive, even if we were to prevail. Anylitigation that may be necessary in the future could result in substantial costs and diversion of resources and could have a material adverse effect on our business,operating results or financial condition.As we move into new markets and applications for our products, incumbent participants in such markets may assert their patents and other proprietary rightsagainst us as a means of slowing our entry into such markets or as a means to extract substantial license and royalty payments from us. Our competitors and othersmay now and, in the future, have significantly larger and more mature patent portfolios than we currently have. In addition, future litigation may involve patentholding companies or other adverse patent owners who have no relevant product revenue and against whom our own patents may provide little or no deterrence orprotection. Therefore, our commercial success may depend in part on our non-infringement of the patents or proprietary rights of third parties. Numeroussignificant intellectual property issues have been litigated, and will likely continue to be litigated, between existing and new participants in our existing andtargeted markets and competitors may assert that our products infringe their intellectual property rights as part of a business strategy to impede our successful entryinto or growth in those markets. Third parties may assert that we are employing their proprietary technology without authorization. In addition, our competitors andothers34Table of Contentsmay have patents or may in the future obtain patents and claim that making, having made, using, selling, offering to sell or importing our products infringes thesepatents. We could incur substantial costs and divert the attention of our management and technical personnel in defending against any of these claims. Partiesmaking claims against us may be able to obtain injunctive or other relief, which could block our ability to develop, commercialize and sell products, and couldresult in the award of substantial damages against us. In the event of a successful claim of infringement against us, we may be required to pay damages andongoing royalties, and obtain one or more licenses from third parties, or be prohibited from selling certain products. We may not be able to obtain these licenses onacceptable terms, if at all. We could incur substantial costs related to royalty payments for licenses obtained from third parties, which could negatively affect ourfinancial results. In addition, we could encounter delays in product introductions while we attempt to develop alternative methods or products to avoid infringingthird-party patents or proprietary rights. Defense of any lawsuit or failure to obtain any of these licenses could prevent us from commercializing products, and theprohibition of sale of any of our products could materially affect our business and our ability to gain market acceptance for our products.Furthermore, because of the substantial amount of discovery required in connection with intellectual property litigation, there is a risk that some of ourconfidential information could be compromised by disclosure during this type of litigation. In addition, during the course of this kind of litigation, there could bepublic announcements of the results of hearings, motions or other interim proceedings or developments. If securities analysts or investors perceive these results tobe negative, it could have a substantial adverse effect on the price of our common stock.In addition, our agreements with some of our customers, suppliers or other entities with whom we do business require us to defend or indemnify these partiesto the extent they become involved in infringement claims, including the types of claims described above. We could also voluntarily agree to defend or indemnifythird parties in instances where we are not obligated to do so if we determine it would be important to our business relationships. If we are required or agree todefend or indemnify third parties in connection with any infringement claims, we could incur significant costs and expenses that could adversely affect ourbusiness, operating results, or financial condition.Our ability to use our net operating loss carryforwards may be limited and may result in increased future tax liability to us.We have incurred net losses since our inception and may never achieve profitability. To the extent that we continue to generate taxable losses, unused losseswill carry forward to offset future taxable income, if any, until such unused losses expire. We may be unable to use these losses to offset income before thoseunused losses expire. Generally, a change of more than 50% in the ownership of a corporation’s stock, by value, over a three-year period constitutes an ownershipchange for U.S. federal income tax purposes. An ownership change may limit a company’s ability to use its net operating loss carryforwards attributable to theperiod prior to such change. In the event we have undergone an ownership change under Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code, if we earn net taxable income,our ability to use our pre-change net operating loss carryforwards to offset U.S. federal taxable income may become subject to limitations, which could potentiallyresult in increased future tax liability to us.Risks Related to Being a Public CompanyWe will continue to incur increased costs and demands on management as a result of compliance with laws and regulations applicable to public companies,which could harm our operating results.As a public company, we will continue to incur significant legal, accounting, consulting and other expenses that we did not incur as a private company,including costs associated with public company reporting requirements. In addition, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and the Dodd-Frank Act of 2010, as well asrules implemented by the Securities and Exchange Commission, or the SEC, and The NASDAQ Stock Market, impose a number of requirements on publiccompanies, including with respect to corporate governance practices. Our management and other personnel will need to devote a substantial amount of time tothese compliance and disclosure obligations. Moreover, these rules and regulations have and will continue to increase our legal, accounting and financialcompliance costs and make some activities more complex, time-consuming and costly. We also expect that it will continue to be expensive for us to maintaindirector and officer liability insurance.35Table of ContentsIf we are unable to implement and maintain effective internal control over financial reporting, investors may lose confidence in the accuracy and completenessof our reported financial information and the market price of our common stock may be negatively affected.As a public company, we are required to maintain internal control over financial reporting and to report any material weaknesses in such internal control.Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 requires that we evaluate and determine the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting andprovide a management report on our internal controls on an annual basis. If we have material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting, we maynot detect errors on a timely basis and our financial statements may be materially misstated. We have only recently compiled the systems, processes anddocumentation necessary to comply with Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. We will need to maintain and enhance these processes and controls as we grow,and we will require additional management and staff resources to do so. Additionally, even if we conclude our internal controls are effective for a given period, wemay in the future identify one or more material weaknesses in our internal controls, in which case our management will be unable to conclude that our internalcontrol over financial reporting is effective. Moreover, when we are no longer an emerging growth company, our independent registered public accounting firmwill be required to issue an attestation report on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting. Even if our management concludes that ourinternal control over financial reporting is effective, our independent registered public accounting firm may conclude that there are material weaknesses withrespect to our internal controls or the level at which our internal controls are documented, designed, implemented or reviewed.If we are unable to conclude that our internal control over financial reporting is effective, or when we are no longer an emerging growth company, if ourauditors were to express an adverse opinion on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting because we had one or more material weaknesses,investors could lose confidence in the accuracy and completeness of our financial disclosures, which could cause the price of our common stock to decline.Irrespective of compliance with Section 404, any failure of our internal control over financial reporting could have a material adverse effect on our reportedoperating results and harm our reputation. Internal control deficiencies could also result in a restatement of our financial results.We are an emerging growth company and may elect to comply with reduced public company reporting requirements applicable to emerging growth companies,which could make our common stock less attractive to investors.We are an emerging growth company, as defined under the Securities Act of 1933, or the Securities Act. We will remain an emerging growth company untilDecember 31, 2018, although if our revenue exceeds $1 billion in any fiscal year before that time, we would cease to be an emerging growth company as of the endof that fiscal year. In addition, if the market value of our common stock that is held by non-affiliates exceeds $700 million as of the last business day of our secondfiscal quarter of any fiscal year before the end of that five-year period, we would cease to be an emerging growth company as of December 31 of that year. As anemerging growth company, we may choose to take advantage of exemptions from various reporting requirements applicable to certain other public companies,including not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, reduced financial statement andfinancial-related disclosures, reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in our periodic reports and proxy statements, and exemptions fromthe requirement of holding a nonbinding advisory vote on executive compensation and obtaining stockholder approval of any golden parachute payments notpreviously approved by our stockholders. If some investors find our common stock less attractive as a result of any choices to reduce future disclosure we maymake, there may be a less active trading market for our common stock and our stock price may be more volatile.Risks Related to Our Common StockOur stock price may be volatile, and you may not be able to sell shares of our common stock at or above the price you paid.The trading price of our common stock is likely to continue to be highly volatile and could be subject to wide fluctuations in response to various factors,some of which are beyond our control. These factors include:•actual or anticipated variations in our and our competitors' results of operations;•announcements by us or our competitors of new products, commercial relationships or capital commitments;•changes in reimbursement by current or potential payers, including governmental payers;36Table of Contents•issuance of new securities analysts' reports or changed recommendations for our stock;•fluctuations in our revenue, due in part to the way in which we recognize revenue;•actual or anticipated changes in regulatory oversight of our products;•developments or disputes concerning our intellectual property or other proprietary rights;•commencement of, or our involvement in, litigation;•announced or completed acquisitions of businesses or technologies by us or our competitors;•any major change in our management; and•general economic conditions and slow or negative growth of our markets.In addition, the stock market in general, and the market for stock of life sciences companies and other emerging growth companies in particular, hasexperienced extreme price and volume fluctuations that have often been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of those companies. Broadmarket and industry factors may seriously affect the market price of our common stock, regardless of our actual operating performance. These fluctuations may beeven more pronounced if the trading volume of our stock remains low. In addition, in the past, following periods of volatility in the overall market and the marketprice of a particular company's securities, securities class action litigation has often been instituted against these companies. This litigation, if instituted against us,could result in substantial costs and a diversion of our management's attention and resources.If securities or industry analysts issue an adverse opinion regarding our stock or do not publish research or reports about our company, our stock price andtrading volume could decline.The trading market for our common stock will depend in part on the research and reports that equity research analysts publish about us, our business and ourcompetitors. We do not control these analysts or the content and opinions or financial models included in their reports. Securities analysts may elect not to provideresearch coverage of our company, and such lack of research coverage may adversely affect the market price of our common stock. The price of our common stockcould also decline if one or more equity research analysts downgrade our common stock or if those analysts issue other unfavorable commentary or ceasepublishing reports about us or our business. If one or more equity research analysts cease coverage of our company, we could lose visibility in the market, which inturn could cause our stock price to decline.Insiders have substantial control over us and will be able to influence corporate matters.As of February 24, 2017, directors and executive officers and their affiliates beneficially owned, in the aggregate, 34% of our outstanding capital stock. As aresult, these stockholders will be able to exercise significant influence over all matters requiring stockholder approval, including the election of directors andapproval of significant corporate transactions, such as a merger or other sale of our company or its assets. This concentration of ownership could limit stockholders'ability to influence corporate matters and may have the effect of delaying or preventing a third-party from acquiring control over us.Anti-takeover provisions in our charter documents and under Delaware law could discourage, delay or prevent a change in control and may affect the tradingprice of our common stock.Provisions in our restated certificate of incorporation and our amended and restated bylaws may have the effect of delaying or preventing a change of controlor changes in our management. Our restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws include provisions that:•authorize our board of directors to issue, without further action by the stockholders, up to 5.0 million shares of undesignated preferred stock;•require that any action to be taken by our stockholders be effected at a duly called annual or special meeting and not by written consent;37Table of Contents•specify that special meetings of our stockholders can be called only by our board of directors, our chairman of the board, or our chief executiveofficer;•establish an advance notice procedure for stockholder approvals to be brought before an annual meeting of our stockholders, including proposednominations of persons for election to our board of directors;•establish that our board of directors is divided into three classes, Class I, Class II and Class III, with each class serving staggered terms;•provide that our directors may be removed only for cause;•provide that vacancies on our board of directors may, except as otherwise required by law, be filled only by a majority of directors then in office,even if less than a quorum;•specify that no stockholder is permitted to cumulate votes at any election of directors; and•require a super-majority of votes to amend certain of the above-mentioned provisions.In addition, we are subject to the provisions of Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law regulating corporate takeovers. Section 203 generallyprohibits us from engaging in a business combination with an interested stockholder subject to certain exceptions.We have never paid dividends on our capital stock, and we do not anticipate paying dividends in the foreseeable future.We have never paid dividends on any of our capital stock and currently intend to retain any future earnings to fund the growth of our business. In addition,our credit agreement restricts our ability to pay cash dividends on our common stock and we may also enter into credit agreements or other borrowingarrangements in the future that will restrict our ability to declare or pay cash dividends on our common stock. Any determination to pay dividends in the future willbe at the discretion of our board of directors and will depend on our financial condition, operating results, capital requirements, general business conditions andother factors that our board of directors may deem relevant. As a result, capital appreciation, if any, of our common stock will be the sole source of gain for theforeseeable future.38Table of ContentsITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTSNone.ITEM 2. PROPERTIESOn April 29, 2015, we signed a non-cancelable lease agreement for approximately 59,000 square feet to serve as our South San Francisco, Californiaheadquarters and laboratory. The lease began in June 2015 and ends in March 2026, and contains extension of lease term and expansion options. Certain expansionoptions were waived by the Company on February 8, 2017 in exchange for consideration of $500,000. We also lease approximately 10,400 square feet of officeand laboratory space in Austin, Texas, under a lease that expires in July 2018, with an option for us to extend the lease for an additional five years.ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGSWe are not currently a party to any material legal proceedings. We may from time to time become involved in legal proceedings arising in the ordinarycourse of business.ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURENot applicable.EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE REGISTRANTOur executive officers and their ages and positions as of February 24, 2017, are as set forth below:Name Age PositionBonnie H. Anderson 58 Chairman, President and Chief Executive OfficerJulie A. Brooks 71 General Counsel and SecretaryKeith S. Kennedy 47 Chief Financial OfficerChristopher M. Hall 48 Chief Operating OfficerBonnie H. Anderson has served as our Chief Executive Officer and as a member of our board of directors since February 2008. From August 2013 toFebruary 2017, she served as our President, and in December 2016, she was appointed Chairman of the Board of Directors. Prior to joining us, Ms. Anderson wasan independent strategic consultant from April 2006 to January 2008, including as a strategic consultant for us from July 2007 to January 2008. Ms. Anderson wasa Vice President at Beckman Coulter, Inc., a manufacturer of biomedical testing instrument systems, tests and supplies, from September 2000 to March 2006. Shecurrently serves as a director of Castle Biosciences, Inc. and as a trustee emeritus of the Keck Graduate Institute of Applied Life Sciences. Ms. Anderson holds aB.S. in Medical Technology from Indiana University of Pennsylvania.Julie A. Brooks has served as our General Counsel and Secretary since March 2014. Prior to joining us, Ms. Brooks was a legal consultant for Auxogyn, Inc.,a women's health company, from September 2013 to December 2013. From June 2013 to September 2013, Ms. Brooks served as Vice President, General Counselfor Bayer HealthCare LLC, which acquired Conceptus, Inc., a medical device company, in June 2013, where she served as Executive Vice President, GeneralCounsel and Secretary from November 2009 through June 2013. Previously, from November 2007 through October 2009, Ms. Brooks was Senior Vice President,General Counsel and Secretary of Perlegen Sciences, a genomics company. Ms. Brooks has also held executive roles with a number of medical device, healthcareIT, eCommerce and healthcare services companies, including Virgin HealthCare, Access Health and Westmark International. Ms. Brooks holds a B.A. inComparative Literature and an M.B.A. from the University of Washington, a J.D. from Santa Clara University and a Masters of Law in Taxation from GeorgetownUniversity Law Center.Keith S. Kennedy , age 47, has served as our Chief Financial Officer since December 2016. Prior to joining us, Mr. Kennedy provided strategic counsel andconsulting services from his consulting practice from September 2015 to November 2016, including advisory services to Pennant Park Investment Advisors. FromFebruary 2012 to August 2015, Mr. Kennedy served at MCG Capital Corporation, a commercial finance company, as President and Chief Executive Officer fromMarch 2014 to August 2015, as Chief39Table of ContentsFinancial Officer, Chief Accounting Officer and Treasurer from May 2012 to March 2014 and as Executive Vice President and Managing Director from February2012 to April 2012. From May 2011 to February 2012, Mr. Kennedy served as an Executive-in-Residence at Arlington Capital Partners. From October 2009 toApril 2011, Mr. Kennedy pursued principal investing, including serving as Executive-in-Residence at J.I. Kislak, Inc from March 2010 to September 2010. FromOctober 2002 to September 2009, Mr. Kennedy served as Managing Director at GE Capital, Inc. From September 1999 to October 2002, Mr. Kennedy worked as amanager of transaction services at Ernst & Young LLP. Mr. Kennedy served in the U.S. Air Force from December 1992 to December 1996. Mr. Kennedy holds aB.S. in Accounting with high distinction from Indiana University and holds an M.B.A. from the College of William & Mary. Mr. Kennedy is a chartered financialanalyst and certified public accountant.Christopher M. Hall has served as our Chief Operating Officer since September 2014 and in February 2017, he was appointed as our President. Mr. Hallserved as our Chief Commercial Officer from March 2010 to September 2014. Prior to joining us, Mr. Hall served as Chief Business Officer of Celera Corporation,a diagnostics company focusing on personalized disease management, from October 2008 to February 2010. From August 2002 to February 2010, Mr. Hall servedin various executive and senior positions at Berkeley HeartLab, Inc., a cardiovascular disease management company that was acquired by Celera in October 2007,including Chief Clinical Operations Officer and Vice President of Marketing. Mr. Hall holds a B.A. in Economics and Political Science from DePauw Universityand an M.B.A. from Harvard Business School.PART IIITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITYSECURITIESMarket InformationOur common stock commenced trading on The NASDAQ Global Market under the symbol "VCYT" on October 30, 2013. Prior to that time, there was nopublic market for our common stock. The following table sets forth the high and low sales prices of our common stock, on a per share basis, as reported by TheNASDAQ Global Market, for the periods indicated: High Low2016 Fourth Quarter$8.45 $5.82Third Quarter$7.96 $4.83Second Quarter$5.98 $4.81First Quarter$7.31 $4.212015 Fourth Quarter$8.15 $4.69Third Quarter$12.47 $4.59Second Quarter$12.20 $7.24First Quarter$9.74 $6.50As of February 24, 2017, there were approximately 23 holders of record of our common stock. However, because many of our outstanding shares are held inaccounts with brokers and other institutions, we have more beneficial owners.Dividend PolicyWe have never declared or paid dividends on our common stock and do not expect to pay dividends on our common stock for the foreseeable future. Instead,we anticipate that all of our earnings in the foreseeable future will be used for the operation and growth of our business. Any future determination to declaredividends will be subject to the discretion of our board of directors and will depend on various factors, including applicable laws, our results of operations,financial condition, future prospects, and any other factors deemed relevant by our board of directors. In addition, the terms of our credit agreement restrict ourability to pay dividends on our common stock, and we may also enter into credit agreements or other borrowing arrangements in the future that will further restrictour ability to declare or pay dividends on our common stock.40Table of ContentsStock Performance GraphThe following information is not deemed to be "soliciting material" or to be "filed" with the Securities and Exchange Commission or subject toRegulation 14A or 14C under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the "Exchange Act") or to the liabilities of Section 18 of the Exchange Act, and will not bedeemed to be incorporated by reference into any filing under the Securities Act of 1933 or the Exchange Act, except to the extent we specifically incorporate it byreference into such a filing.The graph below shows the cumulative total stockholder return (change in stock price plus reinvested dividends) assuming the investment of $100.00 on thedate specified in each of our common stock, The NASDAQ Global Market Index, and the NASDAQ Biotechnology Index for the period commencing onOctober 30, 2013 (the first day of trading of our common stock) and ending on December 31, 2016. The comparisons in the table are required by the Securities andExchange Commission and are not intended to forecast or be indicative of future performance of our common stock. October 30, 2013 December 31, 2013 December 31, 2014 December 31, 2015 December 31, 2016Veracyte, Inc. $100.00 $109.00 $73.00 $54.00 $58.00NASDAQ Global Market Index$100.00 $107.00 $121.00 $128.00 $137.00NASDAQ Biotechnology Index$100.00 $109.00 $147.00 $164.00 $129.00ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATAThe information set forth below should be read in conjunction with "Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results ofOperations" and our audited financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this annual report. The selected balance sheet data at December 31, 2016and 2015 and the selected statements of operations data for each of the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 have been derived from our auditedfinancial statements that are included elsewhere in this report. The selected balance sheet data at December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012 and the selected statements ofoperations data for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012 have been derived from our audited financial statements not included in this report. The financialdata are historical and are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected in any future period (in thousands of dollars, except share and per share data andGECs reported):41Table of Contents Year Ended December 31, 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012Statements of Operations Data: Revenue$65,085 $49,503 $38,190 $21,884 $11,628Operating expenses: Cost of revenue(1)25,462 21,497 16,606 12,607 7,584Research and development(1)15,324 12,796 9,804 7,810 6,608Selling and marketing(1)28,248 25,293 21,932 12,540 8,447General and administrative(1)23,787 22,583 18,854 12,100 7,918Intangible asset amortization1,067 800 — — —Total operating expenses(1)93,888 82,969 67,196 45,057 30,557Loss from operations(28,803) (33,466) (29,006) (23,173) (18,929)Interest expense(2,757) (378) (439) (233) —Other income (expense), net202 140 72 (2,174) 280Net loss$(31,358) $(33,704) $(29,373) $(25,580) $(18,649)Net loss per common share, basic and diluted$(1.09) $(1.30) $(1.36) $(6.15) $(28.68)Shares used in computing net loss per common share,basic and diluted28,830,472 25,994,193 21,639,374 4,158,664 650,333Other Operating Data: GECs reported23,237 19,421 14,061 9,716 4,993_____________________________________________(1)Includes employee stock-based compensation as follows: Year Ended December 31, 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012Cost of revenue$126 $100 $51 $34 $26Research and development1,322 1,178 790 250 131Selling and marketing1,594 1,326 707 169 111General and administrative3,336 2,998 2,000 794 407Total stock-based compensation$6,378 $5,602 $3,548 $1,247 $675Balance Sheets Data: As of December 31, 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012Cash and cash equivalents$59,219 $39,084 $35,014 $71,220 $14,002Working capital62,093 33,192 26,203 61,019 7,390Total assets101,034 75,247 64,839 79,630 19,067Convertible preferred stock— — — — 63,372Accumulated deficit(180,084) (148,726) (115,022) (85,649) (60,069)Total stockholders' equity (deficit)59,581 51,252 41,374 56,443 (58,471)42Table of ContentsITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS The following discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations should be read together with the financial statements and the relatednotes included in Item 8 of Part II of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. This discussion and analysis contains certain forward-looking statements that involve risksand uncertainties. Our actual results may differ materially from those discussed below. Factors that could cause or contribute to such differences include, but arenot limited to, those identified below and those set forth under the section entitled "Risk Factors" in Item 1A, and other documents we file with the Securities andExchange Commission. Historical results are not necessarily indicative of future results.OverviewWe are a leading genomic diagnostics company that is fundamentally improving patient care by resolving diagnostic uncertainty with evidence that istrustworthy and actionable. Our products uniquely combine genomic technology, clinical science and machine learning to provide answers that give physicians andpatients a clear path forward without risky, costly surgery that is often unnecessary.The role of genomic information in medical practice is evolving rapidly and has affected the diagnosis of disease as well as treatment decisions. Over the pastdecade, molecular diagnostic tests that analyze genomic material from surgical tissue samples have emerged as an important complement to evaluations performedby pathologists. Information at the molecular level enables one to understand more fully the makeup and specific subtype of disease to improve diagnosis. In manycases, the genomic information derived from these samples can help guide treatment decisions as part of the standard of care.We deploy machine learning methods and RNA expression to improve diagnostic clarity for cancer and other diseases. In our thyroid and lung cancerindications, diagnosis can be ambiguous in approximately 15-70% of patients undergoing diagnostic evaluation. Our tests provide clarity of diagnosis that can inturn guide treatment decisions in approximately half of those cases, eliminating costly, risky surgeries and other unnecessary medical procedures, improving thelives of patients and saving the healthcare system money.Since our founding in 2008, we have commercialized three genomic tests that we believe are transforming diagnostics: the Afirma Gene ExpressionClassifier, or GEC, for thyroid cancer; the Percepta Bronchial Genomic Classifier for lung cancer; and the Envisia Genomic Classifier for idiopathic pulmonaryfibrosis, or IPF. Collectively, we believe these three tests address a $2 billion global market opportunity.The published evidence supporting our tests demonstrates the robustness of our science and clinical studies. Patients and physicians can access our full list ofpublications on our website. Nearly 30 clinical studies covering our products have been published, including two landmark clinical validation papers published inThe New England Journal of Medicine . We continue to build upon our extensive library of clinical evidence. We also expect to continue expanding our offeringsin thyroid cancer, lung cancer and interstitial lung diseases such as IPF as well as other cancer indications that we believe will benefit from our technology andapproach.We believe our focus on developing clinically useful tests that change patient care is enabling the company to set new standards in genomic testreimbursement. Our flagship product, the Afirma GEC, is now covered for more than 200 million people in the U.S. for use in thyroid cancer diagnosis and oursecond commercial product, the Percepta classifier, is the first genomic test to gain Medicare coverage for improved lung cancer screening and diagnosis.Fourth Quarter and Full-Year 2016 Financial Results•Revenue for the three- and twelve-month periods ended December 31, 2016 was $18.3 million and $65.1 million, respectively, an increase of 30% and31% over the prior year.•Afirma Gene Expression Classifier (GEC) Reported Volume for the three- and twelve-month periods ended December 31, 2016 was 6,313 and 23,237,respectively, an increase of 13% and 20% over the prior year.•Operating Expenses for the three- and twelve-month periods ended December 31, 2016, were $21.9 million and $93.9 million, respectively, an increase of0% and 13% over the prior year.43Table of Contents•Net Loss and Comprehensive Loss for the three- and twelve-month periods ended December 31, 2016 was ($4.4) million and ($31.4) million,respectively, a 45% and 7% reduction from the prior year.•Cash and cash equivalents was $59.2 million at December 31, 2016. During the twelve-month period ended December 31, 2016, the company raised$51.1 million in capital, including $19.2 million in net proceeds from its March 2016 debt financing and $31.9 million in net proceeds from a publicoffering of common stock.•Cash Burn for the three- and twelve-month periods ended December 31, 2016 (which is defined as net cash used in operating activities and purchases ofproperty and equipment), was $4.7 million and $32.2 million, respectively, a 33% and 3% improvement compared to the prior year.2016 and Recent Business HighlightsReimbursement:•Executed a Blues group-purchasing agreement in April 2016, accelerating Blues plan in-network contracting and overall reimbursement for the AfirmaGEC thyroid cancer test. As of February 28, 2017, the company has more than 70 million Blues plan members under coverage and nearly 25 millionunder contract.•Expanded overall covered lives for the Afirma GEC by 50 million to nearly 225 million and overall contracted lives by 25 million to over 155 million asof February 28, 2017.•Achieved draft Medicare coverage policies for the Percepta Bronchial Genomic Classifier for use in lung cancer screening and diagnosis, leading to twofinal policies scheduled to become effective in March 2017.Clinical Evidence and Commercial Expansion:•Clinical utility and cost-effectiveness data for the Percepta classifier were presented at the American Thoracic Society and the CHEST annual meetings,further suggesting that use of the Percepta classifier changes patient care and reduces healthcare costs as intended. •Launched the Envisia Genomic Classifier at the CHEST annual meeting in October 2016, in conjunction with the presentation of new data suggesting thetest’s ability to significantly improve the diagnosis of IPF without the need for risky, expensive surgery.Pipeline Advancements:•Presented data at the American Thyroid Association meeting in September 2016, demonstrating the potential for a next-generation Afirma GEC, plannedfor 2017 introduction, to substantially increase the percentage of patients with benign thyroid nodules who may be able to avoid unnecessary surgery. •Data were published in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute suggesting the potential for the “field of injury” technology behind Veracyte’sPercepta classifier to enable lung cancer detection using a simple, non-invasive nasal swab test.Factors Affecting Our PerformanceThe Number of FNAs We Receive and GECs PerformedThe growth in our business is tied to the number of FNAs we receive and the number of GECs performed. Approximately 84% of FNAs we receive are forthe Afirma solution, which consists of services related to rendering a cytopathology diagnosis, and if the cytopathology result is indeterminate, the GEC isperformed. The remaining approximate 16% of FNAs are received from customers performing cytopathology and when the cytopathology result is indeterminate,the FNA is sent to us for the GEC only. The rate at which adoption occurs in these two settings will cause these two percentages to fluctuate over time. Less than1% of the FNA samples we receive for cytopathology have insufficient cellular material from which to render a cytopathology44Table of Contentsdiagnosis. We only bill the technical component, including slide preparation, for these tests. For results that are benign or suspicious/malignant by cytopathology,we bill for these services when we issue the report to the physician. If the cytopathology result is indeterminate, defined as atypia/follicular lesions ofundetermined significance (AUS/FLUS) or suspicious for FN/HCN, we perform the GEC. Historically, approximately 14%-17% of samples we have received forthe Afirma solution have yielded indeterminate results by cytopathology. Approximately 5%-10% of the samples for GEC testing have insufficient RNA fromwhich to render a result. The GEC can be reported as Benign, Suspicious or No Result. We bill for the GEC Benign and GEC Suspicious results only. After theGEC is completed, we issue the cytopathology report for the indeterminate results as well as the GEC report, and then bill for both of these tests. We incur costs ofcollecting and shipping the FNAs and a portion of the costs of performing tests where we cannot ultimately issue a patient report. Because we cannot bill for allsamples received, the number of FNAs received does not directly correlate to the total number of patient reports issued and the amount billed.Continued Adoption of and Reimbursement for AfirmaRevenue growth depends on both our ability to achieve broader reimbursement at increased levels from third-party payers and to expand our base ofprescribing physicians and increase our penetration in existing accounts. Because some payers consider the GEC experimental and investigational, we may notreceive payment for tests and payments we receive may not be at acceptable levels. We expect our revenue growth will increase as more payers make a positivecoverage decision and as payers enter into contracts with us, which should enhance our accrued revenue and cash collections. To drive increased adoption ofAfirma, we increased our sales force over the last several years, along with increasing our marketing efforts. We have hired institutional channel managers to focuson the institutional segment, where accounts generally send us FNAs for the GEC only, and account managers, dedicated to serving existing accounts, therebyfreeing up our product specialists to focus on transacting new business. If we are unable to expand the base of prescribing physicians and penetration within theseaccounts at an acceptable rate, or if we are not able to execute our strategy for increasing reimbursement, we may not be able to effectively increase our revenue.How We Recognize RevenueWe recognize revenue on an accrual basis when we are able to make a reasonable estimate of reimbursement at the time delivery is complete. In the firstperiod in which revenue is accrued for a particular payer or test, there generally is a one-time increase in revenue. Until we have contracts with payers or canreasonably estimate the amount that will ultimately be received, we recognize the related revenue on the cash basis. As we commercialize new products, we willneed to be able to make a reasonable estimate of the amount that will ultimately be received from each payer for each new product offering prior to being able torecognize the related revenue on an accrual basis. Because the timing and amount of cash payments received from payers as well as one-time increases in revenuefrom newly accrued payers are difficult to predict, we expect that our revenue will fluctuate significantly in any given quarter.As of December 31, 2016, cumulative amounts billed at list price for tests processed which were not recognized as revenue upon delivery of a patient reportbecause our accrual revenue recognition criteria were not met and for which we have not collected cash or written off as uncollectible, totaled approximately$161.2 million.As of December 31, 2015, cumulative amounts billed at list price for tests processed which were not recognized as revenue upon delivery of a patient reportbecause our accrual revenue recognition criteria were not met and for which we have not collected cash or written off as uncollectible, totaled $134 million. Of thisamount, we recognized revenue of approximately $7.5 million in the year ended December 31, 2016, when cash was received.Our average reimbursement per GEC was approximately $2,300 for the quarter ended December 31, 2016 as compared with approximately $2,200 for thesame period in 2015. The average quarterly reimbursement ranged from $2,100 to $2,300 in 2016 as compared to a range of $2,200 to $2,300 in 2015. The averageGEC reimbursement rate will change over time due to a number of factors, including medical coverage decisions by payers, the effects of contracts signed withpayers, changes in allowed amounts by payers, our ability to successfully win appeals for payment, and our ability to collect cash payments from third-party payersand individual patients. Historical average reimbursement is not necessarily indicative of future average reimbursement.45Table of ContentsWe calculate the average GEC reimbursement from all payers, whether they are on the cash or an accrual basis, for tests that are on average a year old, sinceit can take a significant period of time to collect from some payers. We use an average of reimbursement for tests provided over two quarters as it reduces theeffects of temporary volatility and seasonal effects. Thus the average reimbursement per GEC represents the total cash collected to date against GEC testsperformed during the relevant period divided by the number of GEC tests performed during that same period.Generally, cash we receive is collected within 12 months of the date the test is billed. We cannot provide any assurance as to when, if ever, or to what extentany of these amounts will be collected. Notwithstanding our efforts to obtain payment for these tests, payers may deny our claims, in whole or in part, and we maynever receive revenue from previously performed but unpaid tests. Revenue from these tests, if any, may not be equal to the billed amount due to a number offactors, including differences in reimbursement rates, the amounts of patient co-payments and co-insurance, the existence of secondary payers and claims denials.Finally, when we increase our list price, as we did in July 2015, it will increase the cumulative amounts billed.We incur expense for tests in the period in which the test is conducted and recognize revenue for tests in the period in which our revenue recognition criteriaare met. Accordingly, any revenue that we recognize as a result of cash collection in respect of previously performed but unpaid tests will favorably impact ourliquidity and results of operations in future periods.Impact of Genzyme Co-promotion AgreementsFrom January 2012 through September 9, 2016, we were party to a Co-Promotion Agreement with Genzyme to market the Afirma solution in the UnitedStates. The agreement required that we pay a certain percentage of our cash receipts from the sale of the Afirma solution to Genzyme, which percentage decreasedover time, ranging from 50% in 2012 to 15% beginning January 1, 2015. We received a $10.0 million upfront co-promotion fee from Genzyme under the Co-Promotion Agreement, which we amortized over the estimated useful life based on the provisions of the agreement as a reduction to selling and marketingexpenses. On March 9, 2016, we gave Genzyme notice of termination of the Agreement effective September 9, 2016 and the amortization of the upfront co-promotionfee was extended to that date. The final payments totaling $4.0 million under the Agreement were made in September 2016. We amortized $948,000 of the $10.0million upfront co-promotion fee in the year ended December 31, 2016, compared to $1.9 million in the same period in 2015. The upfront co-promotion fee wasfully amortized as of September 30, 2016.Under the Ex-U.S. Agreement, or Ex-U.S. Agreement, we have agreed to pay Genzyme 25% of net revenue from the sale of the Afirma GEC test in Braziland Singapore over a five-year period commencing January 1, 2015. Beginning in the fourth year of the agreement, which was effective in February 2015, if weterminate the agreement for convenience, we may be required to pay a termination fee contingent on the number of GEC billable results generated.Development of Additional ProductsWe currently rely on sales of Afirma to generate all of our revenue. In May 2014, we commercially launched our Afirma Malignancy Classifiers, which webelieve enhances our Afirma Thyroid FNA Analysis as a comprehensive way to manage thyroid nodule patients and serve our current base of prescribingphysicians. We are also pursuing development or acquisition of products for additional diseases to increase and diversify our revenue. We launched the Perceptatest in April 2015. Additionally, we introduced in October 2016 a solution for interstitial lung disease, our Envisia Genomic Classifier, that will offer an alternativeto surgery by developing a genomic signature to classify samples collected through less invasive bronchoscopy techniques. We expect to continue to invest heavilyin research and development in order to expand the capabilities of our solutions and to develop additional products. Our success in developing or acquiring newproducts will be important in our efforts to grow our business by expanding the potential market for our products and diversifying our sources of revenue.Timing of Our Research and Development ExpensesWe deploy state-of-the-art and costly genomic technologies in our biomarker discovery experiments, and our spending on these technologies may varysubstantially from quarter to quarter. We also spend a significant amount to secure clinical samples that can be used in discovery and product development as wellas clinical validation studies. The timing of these research and development activities is difficult to predict, as is the timing of sample acquisitions. If a substantialnumber of clinical samples are acquired in a given quarter or if a high-cost experiment is conducted in one quarter versus the next, the timing of these46Table of Contentsexpenses can affect our financial results. We conduct clinical studies to validate our new products as well as on-going clinical studies to further the publishedevidence to support our commercialized tests. As these studies are initiated, start-up costs for each site can be significant and concentrated in a specific quarter.Spending on research and development, for both experiments and studies, may vary significantly by quarter depending on the timing of these various expenses. Financial OverviewRevenueThrough December 31, 2016, all of our revenue have been derived from the sale of Afirma. To date, Afirma has been delivered primarily to physicians in theUnited States. We generally invoice third-party payers upon delivery of a patient report to the prescribing physician. As such, we take the assignment of benefitsand the risk of cash collection from the third-party payer and individual patients. Third-party payers in excess of 10% of revenue and their related revenue as apercentage of total revenue were as follows: Year EndedDecember 31, 2016 2015 2014Medicare27% 26% 26%UnitedHealthcare12% 14% 18%Aetna8% 9% 11% 47% 49% 55%For tests performed where we can reasonably estimate the amount we will ultimately receive at the time delivery is complete, such as in the case of Medicareand certain other payers, we recognize the related revenue upon delivery of a patient report to the prescribing physician based on the established billing rate lesscontractual and other adjustments to arrive at the amount that we expect to ultimately receive. We determine the amount we expect to ultimately receive based on aper payer, per contract or agreement basis. Upon ultimate collection, the amount received where reimbursement was estimated is compared to previous estimatesand the amount accrued is adjusted accordingly. In other situations, where we cannot reasonably estimate the amount that will be ultimately received, we recognizerevenue on the cash basis. The incremental accrued revenue and decrease in loss from operations as a result of additional payers meeting our revenue recognitioncriteria was $4.1 million , $0.7 million and $0.8 million for tests delivered in the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively. The incrementalaccrued revenue decreased loss per common share by $0.13 , $0.03 and $0.04 for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively. Our ability toincrease our revenue will depend on our ability to penetrate the market, obtain positive coverage policies from additional third-party payers, obtain reimbursementand/or enter into contracts with additional third-party payers for our current and new tests, and increase reimbursement rates for tests performed. Finally, should werecognize revenue on an accrual basis and later determine the judgments underlying estimated reimbursement change, our financial results could be negativelyimpacted in future quarters.Cost of RevenueThe components of our cost of revenue are materials and service costs, including cytopathology testing services, stock-based compensation expense, directlabor costs, equipment and infrastructure expenses associated with testing samples, shipping charges to transport samples, and allocated overhead including rent,information technology, equipment depreciation and utilities. Costs associated with performing tests are recorded as the test is processed regardless of whether orwhen revenue is recognized with respect to that test. As a result, our cost of revenue as a percentage of revenue may vary significantly from period to periodbecause we do not recognize all revenue in the period in which the associated costs are incurred. We expect cost of revenue in absolute dollars to increase as thenumber of tests we perform increases and from the higher costs of our new facility. However, we expect that the cost per test will decrease over time due toleveraging fixed costs, efficiencies we may gain as test volume increases and from automation, process efficiencies and other cost reductions. As we introduce newtests, initially our cost of revenue will be high and will increase disproportionately our aggregate cost of revenue until we achieve efficiencies in processing thesenew tests.47Table of ContentsResearch and DevelopmentResearch and development expenses include costs incurred to develop our technology, collect clinical samples and conduct clinical studies to develop andsupport our products. These costs consist of personnel costs, including stock-based compensation expense, prototype materials, laboratory supplies, consultingcosts, costs associated with setting up and conducting clinical studies at domestic and international sites, and allocated overhead including rent, informationtechnology, equipment depreciation and utilities. We expense all research and development expenses in the periods in which they are incurred. We expect to incursignificant research and development expenses as we continue to invest in research and development activities related to developing additional products andevaluating various platforms. We incurred research and development expenses in 2016 for the development and launch of Envisia and for the continueddevelopment and support of the Afirma and Percepta tests. In 2017, we expect to incur research and development expenses on ongoing evidence development forour Afirma. Percepta and Envisia classifiers.Selling and MarketingSelling and marketing expenses consist of personnel costs, including stock-based compensation expense, direct marketing expenses, consulting costs, andallocated overhead including rent, information technology, equipment depreciation and utilities. In addition, co-promotion fees paid to Genzyme, net ofamortization of the upfront fee received, are included in selling and marketing expenses. Beginning in November 2014, our personnel and marketing costsincreased as we took on more sales and marketing responsibilities related to Afirma, but these increases were offset by the lower rate we were required to payGenzyme under the Co-Promotion Agreement beginning in January 2015. On March 9, 2016, we gave Genzyme notice of termination of the Co-PromotionAgreement effective September 9, 2016. Consequently, in 2016, we further expanded our internal sales force and increased our marketing spending as wetransitioned out of the relationship. We have also incurred increased selling and marketing expense as a result of investments in our lung product portfolio. Webelieve selling and marketing expenses will continue to increase as we launch and promote our new tests.General and AdministrativeGeneral and administrative expenses include those from executive, finance and accounting, human resources, legal, billing and client services, and qualityand regulatory functions. These expenses include personnel costs, including stock-based compensation expense, audit and legal expenses, consulting costs, costsassociated with being a public company, and allocated overhead including rent, information technology, equipment depreciation and utilities. We expect theseexpenses to continue to grow as we build our general and administration infrastructure and to stabilize thereafter. Intangible Asset AmortizationIntangible asset amortization began in April 2015 when we launched the Percepta test and as a result reclassified the indefinite-lived intangible asset to afinite-lived intangible asset. The finite-lived intangible asset with a cost of $16.0 million is being amortized over 15 years, using the straight-line method.Interest ExpenseInterest expense is attributable to our borrowings under our loan and security agreement and the credit agreement that replaced it.Other Income (Expense), NetOther income (expense), net consists primarily of sublease rental income and interest income received from payers and from our cash equivalents.48Table of ContentsCritical Accounting Policies and EstimatesOur management's discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations is based on our audited financial statements, which have beenprepared in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles, or U.S. GAAP. The preparation of the financial statements requires us to makeestimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financialstatements, as well as the reported revenue generated and expenses incurred during the reporting periods. Our estimates are based on our historical experience andon various other factors that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying valueof assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditionsand any such differences may be material. We believe that the accounting policies discussed below are critical to understanding our historical and futureperformance, as these policies relate to the more significant areas involving management's judgments and estimates.Revenue RecognitionWe recognize revenue in accordance with the provisions of Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 954-605, Health Care Entities — RevenueRecognition . Our revenue is generated from the provision of diagnostic services. The service is completed upon the delivery of test results to the prescribingphysician, at which time we bill for the service. We recognize revenue related to billings for tests delivered on an accrual basis when amounts that will ultimatelybe realized can be reasonably estimated. The estimates of amounts that will ultimately be realized require significant judgment by management. Until a contracthas been negotiated with a commercial payer or governmental program, our tests may or may not be covered by these entities’ existing reimbursement policies. Inaddition, patients do not enter into direct agreements with us that commit them to pay any portion of the cost of the tests in the event that their insurance declines toreimburse us. We may bill the patient directly for these amounts in the form of co-payments and co-insurance in accordance with their insurance carrier and healthplans. In the absence of contracted reimbursement coverage or the ability to reasonably estimate the amount that will ultimately be realized for our services,revenue is recognized on the cash basis. We use judgment in determining if we are able to make a reasonable estimate of what will be ultimately realized. We also use judgment in estimating theamounts we expect to collect by payer. Our judgments will continue to evolve in the future as we continue to gain payment experience.Business CombinationWe account for acquisitions using the acquisition method of accounting which requires the recognition of tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquiredand liabilities assumed at their estimated fair values as of the business combination date. We allocate any excess purchase price over the estimated fair valueassigned to the net tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed to goodwill. Transaction costs are expensed as incurred in generaland administrative expenses. Results of operations and cash flows of acquired companies are included in our operating results from the date of acquisition.Finite-lived Intangible AssetsFinite-lived intangible assets relates to intangible assets reclassified from indefinite-lived intangible assets, following the launch of Percepta in April 2015.We amortize finite-lived intangible assets using the straight-line method, over their estimated useful life. The estimated useful life of 15 years was used for theintangible asset related to Percepta based on management's estimate of product life, product life of other diagnostic tests and patent life. We test this finite-livedintangible asset for impairment when events or circumstances indicate a reduction in the fair value below its carrying amount. There was no impairment for theyears ended December 31, 2016 and 2015.GoodwillGoodwill, derived from our acquisition of Allegro, is reviewed for impairment on an annual basis or more frequently if events or circumstances indicate thatit may be impaired. Our goodwill evaluation is based on both qualitative and quantitative assessments regarding the fair value of goodwill relative to its carryingvalue. We have determined that we operate in a single segment and have a single reporting unit associated with the development and commercialization ofdiagnostic products. In the event we determine that it is more likely than not the carrying value of the reporting unit is higher than its fair value, quantitative testingis performed comparing recorded values to estimated fair values. If impairment is present, the impairment loss is measured as the49Table of Contentsexcess of the recorded goodwill over its implied fair value. We perform our annual evaluation of goodwill during the fourth quarter of each fiscal year. There wasno impairment for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 .Stock-based CompensationWe recognize stock-based compensation expense for only those shares underlying stock options and restricted stock units that we expect to vest on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of the award. We estimate the fair value of stock options using a Black-Scholes option-pricing model, which requires theinput of highly subjective assumptions, including the option's expected term and stock price volatility. In addition, judgment is also required in estimating thenumber of stock-based awards that are expected to be forfeited. Forfeitures are estimated based on historical experience at the time of grant and revised, ifnecessary, in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates. The assumptions used in calculating the fair value of share-based payment awardsrepresent management's best estimates, but these estimates involve inherent uncertainties and the application of management's judgment. As a result, if factorschange and we use different assumptions, our stock-based compensation expense could be materially different in the future.Results of OperationsComparison of the Years Ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 (in thousands of dollars, except percentages) Year Ended December 31, 2016 Change % 2015 Change % 2014Revenue$65,085 $15,582 31% $49,503 $11,313 30 % $38,190Operating expense: Cost of revenue25,462 3,965 18% 21,497 4,891 29 % 16,606Research and development15,324 2,528 20% 12,796 2,992 31 % 9,804Selling and marketing28,248 2,955 12% 25,293 3,361 15 % 21,932General and administrative23,787 1,204 5% 22,583 3,729 20 % 18,854Intangible asset amortization1,067 267 33% 800 800 — —Total operating expenses93,888 10,919 13% 82,969 15,773 23 % 67,196Loss from operations(28,803) 4,663 14% (33,466) (4,460) (15)% (29,006)Interest expense(2,757) (2,379) 629% (378) 61 14 % (439)Other income (expense), net202 62 44% 140 68 94 % 72Net loss and comprehensive loss$(31,358) $2,346 7% $(33,704) $(4,331) (15)% $(29,373)RevenueRevenue increased $15.6 million , or 31% , for the year ended December 31, 2016 compared to the same period in 2015. The increase was primarily due tothe increased adoption of Afirma and the resultant increase in tests delivered, especially the proportion of GEC tests reported and additional payers meeting ourrevenue recognition criteria for accrual. Revenue recognized when cash is received has decreased because more payers who were previously recognized on thecash basis have met our revenue recognition criteria and are recognized on an accrual basis.Revenue increased $11.3 million , or 30% , for the year ended December 31, 2015 compared to the same period in 2014. The increase was primarily due toincreased adoption of Afirma and the resultant increase in tests delivered, especially the proportion of GEC tests reported, and, to a lesser extent, additional payersmeeting our revenue recognition criteria for accrual, partially offset by a decrease in revenue recorded when cash is received. Cash revenue for the yearDecember 31, 2015 was positively impacted by $0.5 million of catch-up payments.50Table of ContentsRevenue recognized on an accrual basis and when cash is received for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 was as follows (in thousands ofdollars, except percentages): Year Ended December 31, 2016 % 2015 % 2014 %Revenue recognized on an accrual basis$47,099 72% $27,043 55% $12,545 33%Revenue recognized when cash is received17,986 28% 22,460 45% 25,645 67%Total$65,085 100% $49,503 100% $38,190 100%Cost of revenueComparison of the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 is as follows (in thousands of dollars, except percentages): Year Ended December 31, 2016 Change % 2015 Change % 2014Cost of revenue: Reagents, chips, consumables andrelated$9,639 $2,131 28% $7,508 $2,238 42% $5,271Cytopathology fees and relatedcosts5,963 427 8% 5,536 975 21% 4,561Sample collection3,458 334 11% 3,124 593 23% 2,531Direct labor3,195 667 26% 2,528 719 40% 1,809Other3,207 406 14% 2,801 366 15% 2,434Total$25,462 $3,965 18% $21,497 $4,891 29% $16,606Cost of revenue increased $4.0 million , or 18% , for the year ended December 31, 2016 compared to the same period in 2015. Given our continued focus onGEC growth and the adoption of the Afirma test, GEC tests increased by 20% and cytopathology tests increased by 7%. The increase in reagents, chips,consumables and related costs is associated primarily with increased GEC test volume and commission expense to a supplier corresponding increased GEC testvolume, as well as additional payers meeting our revenue recognition criteria for accrual in 2016. The increase in cytopathology fees is related to the volumeincrease in FNA samples processed. The increase in sample collection costs is primarily related to increased volume of samples. The increase in direct labor isassociated with an average lab headcount increase of 19%, the increase in sample volume, and the mix shift to relatively more GECs versus cytopathology tests, asmore labor hours are incurred on GEC tests compared to cytopathology tests and at a higher average employee cost. Other costs are primarily indirect costs, suchas facilities allocation, depreciation and equipment maintenance, which increased as a result of increased allocable costs, mainly due to our move into a largerfacility in early 2016.Cost of revenue increased $4.9 million , or 29% , for the year ended December 31, 2015 compared to the same period in 2014. Given our continued focus onGEC growth and the adoption of the Afirma test, GEC tests increased by 38% and cytopathology tests increased by 13%. The increase in reagents, chips,consumables and related costs is associated primarily with increased GEC test volume. The increase in cytopathology fees is related to the volume increase in FNAsamples processed. The increase in sample collection costs is primarily related to increased volume of samples. The increase in direct labor is associated with theincrease in sample volume and the mix shift to relatively more GECs versus cytopathology tests, as more labor hours are incurred on GEC tests compared tocytopathology tests and at a higher average employee cost. Other costs are primarily indirect costs, such as facilities allocation, depreciation and equipmentmaintenance, which increased as a result of increased allocable costs and increased allocation to cost of revenue due to an average headcount increase of 34%.51Table of ContentsResearch and developmentComparison of the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 is as follows (in thousands of dollars, except percentages): Year Ended December 31, 2016 Change % 2015 Change % 2014Research and development expense: Personnel-related expense$6,846 $932 16% $5,914 $1,380 30% $4,534Stock-based compensation expense1,322 144 12% 1,178 388 49% 790Direct R&D expense4,202 796 23% 3,406 672 25% 2,734Other expense2,954 656 29% 2,298 552 32% 1,746Total$15,324 $2,528 20% $12,796 $2,992 31% $9,804Research and development expense increased $2.5 million , or 20% , for the year ended December 31, 2016 compared to the same period in 2015. Theincrease in personnel-related expense was primarily due to an 8% increase in average headcount including an increase in senior level positions, and increasedaccrued bonuses as a result of increased bonus targets and performance. The increase in stock-based compensation expense reflects option grants to new andexisting employees. The increase in direct R&D expense was primarily due to materials purchased for research and development experiments. Other expenseincreased primarily as a result of depreciation and increased information technology and facilities expenses that were related to research and developmentactivities.Research and development expense increased $3.0 million , or 31% , for the year ended December 31, 2015 compared to the same period in 2014. Theincrease in personnel-related expense was primarily due to increased accrued bonuses as a result of increased bonus targets and performance as well as an 18%increase in average headcount in 2015 compared to 2014. The increase in stock-based compensation expense reflects option grants to new and existing employees.The increase in direct R&D expense was primarily due to increased clinical expenses associated with our ongoing thyroid studies and the Percepta clinical utilitystudy and materials purchased for research and development experiments. Other expense increased primarily as a result of consulting and increased informationtechnology and facilities expenses that were related to research and development activities.Selling and marketingComparison of the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 is as follows (in thousands of dollars, except percentages): Year Ended December 31, 2016 Change % 2015 Change % 2014Selling and marketing expense: Genzyme co-promotion expense,net$5,103 $(264) (5)% $5,367 $(4,366) (45)% $9,733Personnel-related expense15,473 $3,406 28 % 12,067 3,946 49 % 8,121Stock-based compensationexpense1,594 $268 20 % 1,326 619 88 % 707Direct marketing expense2,957 $89 3 % 2,868 1,324 86 % 1,544Other expense3,121 $(544) (15)% 3,665 1,838 101 % 1,827Total$28,248 $2,955 12 % $25,293 $3,361 15 % $21,93252Table of ContentsSelling and marketing expense increased $3.0 million , or 12% , for the year ended December 31, 2016 compared to the same period in 2015. The decrease inGenzyme co-promotion expense, net, reflects the termination of the Co-Promotion Agreement in September 2016 offset by higher co-promotion fees from anincrease in cash collections for Afirma up to the termination of the Co-Promotion Agreement as compared to the same period in the prior year. The increase inpersonnel-related expense was primarily due to a 30% increase in average headcount of our sales and marketing team as a result of the termination of the Co-Promotion Agreement, as well as increased commissions. The increase in stock-based compensation expense reflects option grants to new and existing employees.The decrease in other expense was primarily due to a reduction of consulting expenses.Selling and marketing expense increased $3.4 million , or 15% , for the year ended December 31, 2015 compared to the same period in 2014. The decrease inGenzyme co-promotion expense, net, reflects a reduction in the co-promotion percentage rate payable to Genzyme in 2015 as compared to 2014, partially offset bygrowth in cash collections. The increase in personnel-related expense was primarily due to a 47% increase in average headcount of our sales and marketing team in2015 compared to 2014, as well as increased commissions and accrued bonus as a result of increased performance and bonus targets. The increase in stock-basedcompensation expense reflects option grants to new and existing employees. The increase in direct marketing expense was due primarily to expenses associatedwith Afirma, including trade shows, market research, advertising, public relations, speaker programs and, to a lesser extent, lung-related marketing expenses. Theincrease in other expense was primarily due to an increase in consulting expenses and, to a lesser extent, an increase in information technology and facilitiesexpenses that were related to sales and marketing activities.General and administrativeComparison of the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 is as follows (in thousands of dollars, except percentages): Year Ended December 31, 2016 Change % 2015 Change % 2014General and administrative expense: Personnel-related expense$12,630 $2,235 22 % $10,395 $832 9% $9,563Stock-based compensation expense3,336 $338 11 % 2,998 998 50% 2,000Professional fees expense4,455 $(623) (12)% 5,078 553 12% 4,525Rent and other facilities expense2,470 $(156) (6)% 2,626 1,122 75% 1,504Other expense896 $(590) (40)% 1,486 224 18% 1,262Total$23,787 $1,204 5 % $22,583 $3,729 20% $18,854General and administrative expense increased $1.2 million , or 5% , for the year ended December 31, 2016 compared to the same period in 2015. Theincrease in personnel-related expense was primarily due to a 9% increase in average headcount in 2016 compared to 2015, increased accrued bonuses as a result ofincreased bonus targets and performance, and higher employee separation costs. The increase in stock-based compensation expense was primarily due to optiongrants to new and existing employees. The decrease in professional fees was primarily due to lower audit and legal expenses. The decrease in rent and otherfacilities expense was largely due to incurring more months of facilities expenses in 2015 for our new South San Francisco facility and our previous space, forwhich the lease ended in March 2016. The decrease in other expense was primarily due to consulting expense of approximately $1.2 million in 2015, largelyrelated to accounting services that did not recur as we hired full-time staff, partially offset by higher general administrative expenses.General and administrative expense increased $3.7 million , or 20% , for the year ended December 31, 2015 compared to the same period in 2014. Theincrease in personnel-related expense was primarily due to increased accrued bonuses as a result of increased bonus targets and performance, as well as an 18%increase in average headcount in 2015 compared to 2014, offset by bonus and severance of $1.2 million associated with the Allegro acquisition in 2014. Theincrease in stock-based compensation expense was primarily due to option grants to new and existing employees. The increase in professional fees includes higheraccounting, audit, legal and other corporate expenses including insurance, offset by $0.5 million of professional and consulting fees associated with the Allegroacquisition in 2014. The increase in rent and other facilities expense was largely due to incurring expense for our new South San Francisco facility, as well as ourprevious space, for which the lease ended in March 2016. While53Table of Contentswe did not begin to make rent payments for our new South San Francisco facility until April 2016, in accordance with GAAP, the rent is expensed on a straight-line basis over the lease period. Prior to utilizing the space, this rent expense was being charged to general and administrative in the amount of approximately$0.5 million per quarter. The increase in other expense was due primarily to an increase in consulting expense of approximately $0.5 million and other expenses,partially offset by decreases in information technology and facilities costs as a result of higher allocations to other functions due to increased average headcount inother functions.Interest expenseInterest expense increased $2.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2016 compared to the same period in 2015, primarily due to interest on the initialterm loan of $25.0 million under a credit agreement entered into in March 2016. Interest expense decreased $61,000 for the year ended December 31, 2015compared to the same period in 2014, primarily due to the debt modification under our amended loan and security agreement entered into in December 2014.Other income (expense), netOther income (expense), net, increased $62,000 for the year ended December 31, 2016 compared to the same period in 2015, primarily due to interestincome received. Other income (expense), net, increased $68,000 for the year ended December 31, 2015 compared to the same period in 2014, primarily due tointerest income received.Liquidity and Capital ResourcesWe have incurred net losses since our inception. For the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, we had a net loss of $31.4 million, $33.7 millionand $29.4 million, respectively, and we expect to incur additional losses in 2017 and in future years. As of December 31, 2016, we had an accumulated deficit of$180.1 million. We may never achieve revenue sufficient to offset our expenses.In November 2016, we issued and sold 5,723,300 shares of common stock in a public offering, at a price of $6.00 per share. We raised $32.1 million in netproceeds, after deducting expenses of 2.2 million .In April 2015, we completed a private placement of 4,907,975 shares of our common stock to certain accredited investors at a purchase price of $8.15 pershare. Gross proceeds to us were $40.0 million and we received $37.3 million in net proceeds, after deducting placement agent fees and other expenses payable byus of $2.7 million.We believe our existing cash and cash equivalents of $59.2 million as of December 31, 2016 and our revenue during the 12 months following March 1, 2017will be sufficient to meet our anticipated cash requirements for at least the 12 months following March 1, 2017.From inception through December 31, 2016, we have received $250.0 million in net proceeds from various sources to finance our operations, including netproceeds of $78.6 million from sales of our preferred stock, net proceeds of $59.2 million from our IPO, net proceeds of $37.3 million from our sale of commonstock in a private placement, net proceeds of $31.9 million from our sale of common stock in a public offering, $10.0 million from the Co-Promotion Agreement,net borrowings of $4.9 million under our loan and security agreement, $24.5 million under our credit agreement, $3.2 million from the exercise of stock optionsand purchases of stock under the employee stock purchase plan and conversion of accrued interest to long-term debt of $0.4 million.In March 2016, we entered into a credit agreement, or Credit Agreement, with Visium Healthcare Partners, LP, or Visium. Under the Credit Agreement, twoterm loans are available to us with an aggregate principal amount of up to $40.0 million. We drew down the initial $25.0 million term loan, or Initial Term Loan,on March 30, 2016. On or prior to June 30, 2017, we may request the second term loan of up to $15.0 million, or the Second Term Loan. The Initial Term Loanand the Second Term Loan are referred to as Term Loans, which mature on March 31, 2022. The Term Loans bear interest at a fixed rate of 12.0% per annum, payable quarterly at the end of each March, June,September and December. No principal payments will be due during an interest-only period, commencing on the funding date for the Initial Term Loan, orInitial Borrowing Date, and continuing through and including March 31, 2020. We are obligated to repay the outstanding principal amounts under the Term Loansin eight equal installments during the final two years under the Credit Agreement. For any quarterly interest payment through and including the 16th interestpayment date after54Table of Contentsthe Initial Borrowing Date, so long as no event of default has occurred and is then continuing, we may elect to pay interest in cash on the outstanding principalamounts of the Term Loans at a fixed rate of 9.0%, with the remaining 3.0% of the 12.0% interest paid-in-kind by adding such paid-in-kind interest to theoutstanding principal amounts of the Term Loans. We elected to pay interest in-kind for the quarters ended June 30, 2016 and September 30, 2016 and haverecorded $385,000 of paid-in-kind interest through December 31, 2016. We may prepay the outstanding principal amount under the Term Loans subject to a minimum of $5.0 million of principal amount or a whole multiple of$1.0 million in excess thereof plus accrued and unpaid interest and a prepayment premium. The prepayment premium will be assessed on the principal amountrepaid and will equal (i) 24.0% less the aggregate amount of all interest payments in cash, if the prepayment is made on or prior to March 31, 2018, (ii) 4.0%, if theprepayment is made after March 31, 2018 and on or prior to March 31, 2019, (iii) 2.0%, if the prepayment is made after March 31, 2019 and on or prior to March31, 2020, and (iv) 1.0%, if the prepayment is made after March 31, 2020 and on or prior to March 31, 2021. After March 31, 2021 there is no prepaymentpremium. Our obligations under the Credit Agreement are secured by a security interest in substantially all of our assets. The Credit Agreement contains customaryrepresentations, warranties and events of default, as well as affirmative and negative covenants. The negative covenants include, among other provisions,covenants that limit or restrict our ability to incur liens, make investments, incur indebtedness, merge with or acquire other entities, dispose of assets, makedividends or other distributions to holders of our equity interests, engage in any material new line of business or enter into certain transactions with affiliates, ineach case subject to certain exceptions. The Credit Agreement also includes financial covenants requiring minimum cash and cash equivalents balances andminimum revenues. To the extent we form or acquire certain subsidiaries domiciled in the United States, those subsidiaries are required to be guarantors of ourobligations under the Credit Agreement. As of December 31, 2016, we were in compliance with the loan covenants. In June 2013, we entered into a loan and security agreement as subsequently amended (“2013 Loan Agreement”) with a financial institution that provided forborrowings of up to $10.0 million in aggregate. Borrowings under the 2013 Loan Agreement totaled $5.0 million, which was outstanding at January 1, 2015 andinto 2016 until such amount was repaid in full upon entering into the Credit Agreement discussed above.In conjunction with the acquisition of Allegro in September 2014, we issued 964,377 shares of our common stock, paid $2.7 million in cash, settled in cashoutstanding indebtedness of Allegro totaling $4.3 million, and paid severance and bonus to Allegro personnel of $1.2 million.We expect that our near- and longer-term liquidity requirements will continue to consist of selling and marketing expenses, research and developmentexpenses, working capital and general corporate expenses associated with the growth of our business. However, we may also use cash to acquire or invest incomplementary businesses, technologies, services or products that would change our cash requirements. If we are not able to generate revenue to finance our cashrequirements, we will need to finance future cash needs primarily through public or private equity offerings, debt financings, borrowings or strategic collaborationsor licensing arrangements. If we raise funds by issuing equity securities, dilution to stockholders could result. Any equity securities issued also may provide forrights, preferences or privileges senior to those of holders of our common stock. The terms of debt securities issued or borrowings could impose significantrestrictions on our operations. The incurrence of additional indebtedness or the issuance of certain equity securities could result in increased fixed paymentobligations and could also result in restrictive covenants, such as limitations on our ability to incur additional debt or issue additional equity, limitations on ourability to acquire or license intellectual property rights and other operating restrictions that could adversely affect our ability to conduct our business. Our CreditAgreement imposes restrictions on our operations, increases our fixed payment obligations and has restrictive covenants. In addition, the issuance of additionalequity securities by us, or the possibility of such issuance, may cause the market price of our common stock to decline. In the event that we enter intocollaborations or licensing arrangements to raise capital, we may be required to accept unfavorable terms. These agreements may require that we relinquish orlicense to a third-party on unfavorable terms our rights to technologies or product candidates that we otherwise would seek to develop or commercialize ourselves,or reserve certain opportunities for future potential arrangements when we might be able to achieve more favorable terms. If we are not able to secure additionalfunding when needed, we may have to delay, reduce the scope of or eliminate one or more research and development programs or selling and marketing initiatives,or forgo potential acquisitions or investments. In addition, we may have to work with a partner on one or more of our products or development programs, whichcould lower the economic value of those programs to us.55Table of ContentsThe following table summarizes our cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 (in thousands of dollars): Years Ended December 31, 2016 2015 2014Cash used in operating activities$(27,982) $(26,965) $(27,632)Cash used in investing activities(4,212) (6,698) (9,010)Cash provided by financing activities52,329 37,733 436Cash Flows from Operating ActivitiesCash used in operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2016 was $28.0 million. The net loss of $31.4 million includes non-cash charges of $0.9million in amortization of the deferred fee received from Genzyme, offset primarily by $6.4 million of stock-based compensation expense, $3.5 million ofdepreciation and amortization, which includes $1.1 million of intangible asset amortization, $0.4 million from conversion of accrued interest to long-term debt and$0.3 million in interest and prepayment penalty relating to the repayment of our borrowings under our 2013 Loan Agreement. Cash used as a result of changes inoperating assets and liabilities of $6.4 million is primarily due to an increase in accounts receivable of $5.3 million and a decrease in accounts payable of $1.4million.Cash used in operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2015 was $27.0 million. The net loss of $33.7 million includes non-cash charges of$1.9 million in amortization of the deferred fee received from Genzyme, offset primarily by $5.6 million of stock-based compensation expense, $2.3 million ofdepreciation and amortization, which includes $0.8 million intangible asset amortization following the launch of Percepta in April 2015, $0.1 million inamortization of debt discount and issuance costs and debt balloon interest expense, and $0.1 million of bad debt expense. The increase in net operating assets of$0.5 million was due to an increase of $0.9 million in deferred rent, accounts payable and accrued liabilities primarily from deferred rent from the lease for our newSouth San Francisco facility, offset by $0.4 million from an increase in accounts receivable due to increases in Afirma adoption and additional payers meeting ourrevenue recognition criteria for accrual.Cash used in operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2014 was $27.6 million. The net loss of $29.4 million includes non-cash charges of$2.3 million in amortization of the deferred fee received from Genzyme, offset primarily by $3.5 million of stock-based compensation expense, $1.2 million ofdepreciation and amortization, $0.2 million in amortization of debt discount and issuance costs and debt balloon interest expense, and $0.1 million of bad debtexpense. The increase in net operating assets of $0.9 million was primarily due to a $2.0 million increase in accounts receivable due to increases in Afirmaadoption and new payers for whom revenue is recognized on an accrual basis, a $1.1 million increase in supplies inventory due to the increased volume of testingperformed and a strategic decision to increase our inventory on hand, offset by a $2.2 million net increase in accounts payable and accrued liabilities resulting fromthe timing of payments.Cash Flows from Investing ActivitiesCash used in investing activities for year ended December 31, 2016 was $4.2 million for the acquisition of property and equipment, primarily for the buildout of office space and the laboratory for our new South San Francisco facility.Cash used in investing activities for the year ended December 31, 2015 was $6.7 million. The investing activities for the year ended December 31, 2015consisted of $6.2 million used for the acquisition of property and equipment, primarily for the build out of office space and the new laboratory for our new SouthSan Francisco facility and $0.5 million used as collateral for an irrevocable standby letter of credit as security for our new South San Francisco facility.Cash used in investing activities for the year ended December 31, 2014 was $9.0 million. The investing activities for the year ended December 31, 2014consisted of $6.9 million of net cash used for the acquisition of Allegro, $2.0 million used for the purchase of laboratory equipment, software and leaseholdimprovements, and $0.1 million of restricted use cash to cover the hold-back liabilities associated with the acquisition of Allegro.56Table of ContentsCash Flows from Financing ActivitiesCash provided by financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2016 was $52.3 million. The financing activities for the year ended December 31,2016 consisted of $31.9 million of net proceeds from the issuance of common stock in a public offering, $24.5 million of net proceeds from the draw-down of theInitial Term Loan under the Credit Agreement and $1.2 million from the exercise of options to purchase our common stock and purchases under the employeestock purchase plan, partially offset by the payment of $5.0 million for the remaining principal balance and a $0.3 million of end-of-term payment and prepaymentpenalty related to the 2013 Loan Agreement that we repaid on March 30, 2016.Cash provided by financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2015 was $37.7 million, consisting of $37.3 million of net proceeds from the sale ofour common stock in a private placement and $0.7 million of cash received from the exercise of options to purchase our common stock, offset by $0.2 millionspent on deferred stock offering costs related to our shelf registration statement.Cash provided by financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2014 of $0.4 million consisted of $0.7 million we received from the exercise ofoptions to purchase our common stock, offset by $0.1 million of IPO-related disbursements and a $0.1 million end-of-term payment on the 2013 Loan Agreement.Contractual ObligationsThe following table summarizes certain contractual obligations as of December 31, 2016 (in thousands of dollars): Payments Due by Period Fiscal Year 2017 Fiscal Year 2018 to2019 Fiscal Year 2020to 2021 Fiscal Year 2022and Beyond TotalOperating lease obligations$2,143 $4,128 $4,226 $9,812 $20,309Long-term debt obligations— — 22,212 3,173 25,385Supplies purchase commitments1,727 — — — 1,727Capital lease obligation317 634 — — 951Total$4,187 $4,762 $26,438 $12,985 $48,372In December 2016, we entered into a capital lease for equipment which expires in December 2019.In April 2015, we signed a non-cancelable lease agreement for approximately 59,000 square feet to serve as our new headquarters and laboratory facility inSouth San Francisco. The lease began in June 2015 and expires in March 2026, and contains extension of lease term and expansion options. In November 2012, we entered into a non-cancelable lease agreement commencing February 2013 for our laboratory and office space in Austin, Texas. Thelease expires in July 2018.Off-balance Sheet ArrangementsWe have not entered into any off-balance sheet arrangements.JOBS Act Accounting ElectionWe are an emerging growth company, as defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012, or the JOBS Act. Under the JOBS Act, emerginggrowth companies can delay adopting new or revised accounting standards issued subsequent to the enactment of the JOBS Act until such time as those standardsapply to private companies. We have irrevocably elected not to avail ourselves of this exemption from new or revised accounting standards and, therefore, will besubject to the same new or revised accounting standards as other public companies that are not emerging growth companies.57Table of ContentsRecent Accounting PronouncementsIn August 2014, FASB issued ASU No. 2014-15, Presentation of Financial Statements Going Concern - Disclosure of Uncertainties about an Entity’s Abilityto Continue as a Going Concern . The amendments require management to assess an entity’s ability to continue as a going concern by incorporating and expandingupon certain principles that are currently in U.S. auditing standards. Specifically, the amendments: (1) provide a definition of the term substantial doubt; (2) requirean evaluation every reporting period including interim periods; (3) provide principles for considering the mitigating effect of management’s plans; (4) requirecertain disclosures when substantial doubt is alleviated as a result of consideration of management’s plans; (5) require an express statement and other disclosureswhen substantial doubt is not alleviated; and (6) require an assessment for a period of one year after the date that the financial statements are issued (or available tobe issued). ASU 2014-15 will be effective for annual periods ending after December 15, 2016 and interim periods within annual periods beginning afterDecember 15, 2016 with early adoption permitted. ASU 2014-15 will be effective for us beginning with our annual report for 2016 and interim periods thereafter.We have adopted this ASU and there is no impact on our financial statements. In April 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-3, Simplifying the Presentation of Debt Issuance Costs , to require debt issuance costs to be presented as anoffset against debt outstanding. The update does not change current guidance on the recognition and measurement of debt issuance costs. The ASU is effective forinterim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2015. Adoption of the ASU is retrospective to each prior period presented. We adopted this ASU and theretrospective adjustment of the prior period presentation was not material. In November 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-17, Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Taxes . The ASU requires that deferred tax assets and liabilitiesbe classified as noncurrent in the statement of financial position, thereby simplifying the guidance that required an entity to separate deferred assets and liabilitiesinto current and noncurrent amounts, and was effective for us beginning in the first quarter of 2016. We early-adopted this ASU as of December 31, 2015 and theimpact of adoption on our statement of financial position was not material.In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-2, Leases . This ASU is aimed at making leasing activities moretransparent and comparable, and requires substantially all leases be recognized by lessees on their balance sheet as a right-of-useasset and corresponding lease liability, including leases currently accounted for as operating leases. The ASU will be effective for interim and annual periodsbeginning after December 15, 2018. Early adoption is permitted. We are currently evaluating the potential effect of this standard on our financial statements.In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-9, Compensation - Stock Compensation , related to the tax effects of share-based awards. The ASU requires thatall the tax effects of share-based awards be recorded through the income statement, thereby simplifying the current guidance that requires excess tax benefits andcertain excess tax deficiencies to be recorded in equity. The ASU is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016. We do notanticipate that the adoption of this ASU will have a significant impact on our financial statements.In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-18, Statement of Cash Flows - Restricted Cash. This ASU requires that restricted cash and restricted cashequivalents be included with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning-of-period and end-of-period total amounts shown on the statement of cashflows. The ASU will be effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017. We do not anticipate that the adoption of this ASU will havea significant impact on our financial statements.ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISKWe are exposed to market risks in the ordinary course of our business. These risks primarily relate to interest rates. We had cash and cash equivalents of$59.2 million as of December 31, 2016 which consisted of bank deposits and money market funds. Such interest-bearing instruments carry a degree of risk;however, a hypothetical 10% change in interest rates during any of the periods presented would not have had a material impact on our audited financial statements.58Table of ContentsITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATAVeracyte, Inc.Index to Financial Statements Page No.Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm60Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2016 and 201561Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss for the Years Ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 201462Statements of Stockholders' Equity for the Years Ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 201463Statements of Cash Flows for the Years Ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 201464Notes to Financial Statements6559Table of ContentsReport of Independent Registered Public Accounting FirmThe Board of Directors and StockholdersVeracyte, Inc.We have audited the accompanying balance sheets of Veracyte, Inc. as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, and the related statements of operations andcomprehensive loss, stockholders' equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2016. These financial statements are theresponsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits.We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that weplan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. We were not engaged toperform an audit of the Company's internal control over financial reporting. Our audits included consideration of internal control over financial reporting as a basisfor designing audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company'sinternal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amountsand disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, and evaluating the overallfinancial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Veracyte, Inc. at December 31, 2016 and2015, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2016, in conformity with U.S. generallyaccepted accounting principles./s/ Ernst & Young LLPRedwood City, CaliforniaMarch 1, 201760Table of ContentsVERACYTE, INC.Balance Sheets(in thousands of dollars, except share and per share amounts) As of December 31, 2016 2015Assets Current assets: Cash and cash equivalents$59,219 $39,084Accounts receivable8,756 3,503Supplies inventory3,475 3,767Prepaid expenses and other current assets2,057 1,442Restricted cash120 118Total current assets73,627 47,914Property and equipment, net11,480 10,314Finite-lived intangible assets, net14,133 15,200Goodwill1,057 1,057Restricted cash603 603Other assets134 159Total assets$101,034 $75,247Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity Current liabilities: Accounts payable$2,424 $5,085Accrued liabilities9,110 8,689Deferred Genzyme co-promotion fee— 948Total current liabilities11,534 14,722Long-term debt24,918 4,990Capital lease liability, net of current portion599 —Deferred rent, net of current portion4,402 4,283Total liabilities41,453 23,995Commitments and contingencies Stockholders' equity: Preferred stock, $0.001 par value; 5,000,000 shares authorized, no shares issued and outstanding as of December 31,2016 and 2015— —Common stock, $0.001 par value; 125,000,000 shares authorized, 33,762,278 and 27,685,291 shares issued andoutstanding as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively34 28Additional paid-in capital239,631 199,950Accumulated deficit(180,084) (148,726)Total stockholders' equity59,581 51,252Total liabilities and stockholders' equity$101,034 $75,247 The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.61Table of ContentsVERACYTE, INC.Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss(in thousands of dollars, except share and per share amounts) Year Ended December 31, 2016 2015 2014Revenue$65,085 $49,503 $38,190Operating Expenses: Cost of revenue25,462 21,497 16,606Research and development15,324 12,796 9,804Selling and marketing28,248 25,293 21,932General and administrative23,787 22,583 18,854Intangible asset amortization1,067 800 —Total operating expenses93,888 82,969 67,196Loss from operations(28,803) (33,466) (29,006)Interest expense(2,757) (378) (439)Other income, net202 140 72Net loss and comprehensive loss$(31,358) $(33,704) $(29,373)Net loss per common share, basic and diluted$(1.09) $(1.30) $(1.36)Shares used to compute net loss per common share, basic and diluted28,830,472 25,994,193 21,639,374 The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.62Table of ContentsVERACYTE, INC.Statements of Stockholders' Equity(in thousands of dollars, except share and per share amounts) Common Stock AdditionalPaid-inCapital AccumulatedDeficit TotalStockholders'Equity Shares Amount Balance at December 31, 201321,143,313 $21 $142,071 $(85,649) $56,443Issuance of common stock on exercise of stock options402,100 1 674 — 675Issuance of common stock on cashless exercise of stock warrant13,739 — — — —Common stock subject to repurchase — 3 — 3Issuance of common stock for acquisition964,377 1 10,077 10,078Stock-based compensation expense (employee)— — 3,388 — 3,388Stock-based compensation expense (non-employee)— — 160 — 160Net loss and comprehensive loss— — — (29,373) (29,373)Balance at December 31, 201422,523,529 23 156,373 (115,022) 41,374Issuance of common stock on exercise of stock options253,787 — 722 — 722Sale of common stock in a private placement, net of issuance costs of$2,7424,907,975 5 37,253 — 37,258Stock-based compensation expense (employee)— — 5,302 — 5,302Stock-based compensation expense (non-employee)— — 110 — 110Stock-based compensation expense (ESPP)— — 190 — 190Net loss and comprehensive loss— — — (33,704) (33,704)Balance at December 31, 201527,685,291 28 199,950 (148,726) 51,252Issuance of common stock on exercise of stock options212,740 — 538 — 538Issuance of common stock under employee stock purchase plan (ESPP)140,947 — 678 — 678Sale of common stock in a public offering, net of issuance costs of$2,2475,723,300 6 32,087 32,093Stock-based compensation expense (employee)— — 6,046 — 6,046Stock-based compensation expense (non-employee)— — 15 — 15Stock-based compensation expense (ESPP)— — 317 — 317Net loss and comprehensive loss— — — (31,358) (31,358)Balance at December 31, 201633,762,278 $34 $239,631 $(180,084) $59,581 The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.63Table of ContentsVERACYTE, INC.Statements of Cash Flows(in thousands of dollars) Year Ended December 31, 2016 2015 2014Operating activities Net loss$(31,358) $(33,704) $(29,373)Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities: Depreciation and amortization3,511 2,254 1,175Bad debt expense68 105 54Loss on disposal of property and equipment12 — —Genzyme co-promotion fee amortization(948) (1,897) (2,269)Stock-based compensation6,378 5,602 3,548Conversion of accrued interest to long-term debt385 — —Amortization of debt discount and issuance costs173 46 97Interest on debt balloon payment and prepayment penalty206 79 81Changes in operating assets and liabilities: Accounts receivable(5,321) (558) (1,961)Supplies inventory292 (71) (1,129)Prepaid expenses and current other assets(415) 304 (38)Other assets25 (42) (46)Accounts payable(1,441) (3,546) 1,874Accrued liabilities and deferred rent451 4,463 355Net cash used in operating activities(27,982) (26,965) (27,632)Investing activities Purchases of property and equipment(4,210) (6,165) (2,024)Cash remitted for acquisition, net of cash received— — (6,916)Change in restricted cash(2) (533) (70)Net cash used in investing activities(4,212) (6,698) (9,010)Financing activities Proceeds from the issuance of long-term debt, net of debt issuance costs24,452 — —Proceeds from issuance of common stock in a private placement, net of issuance costs— 37,258 —Proceeds from issuance of common stock in a public offering, net of issuance costs31,949 Commissions and issuance costs relating to initial public offering— — (129)Payment of long-term debt(5,000) — —Payment of end-of-term debt obligation and prepayment penalty(288) — (110)Payment of deferred stock offering costs— (247) —Proceeds from the exercise of common stock options and employee stock purchases1,216 722 675Net cash provided by financing activities52,329 37,733 436Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents20,135 4,070 (36,206)Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period39,084 35,014 71,220Cash and cash equivalents at end of period$59,219 $39,084 $35,014Supplementary cash flow information of non-cash investing and financing activities: Fair value of common stock issued for acquisition— — $10,078Non-cash issuance of long-term debt— — 5,000Non-cash repayment of long-term debt— — (5,000)Net receivable for reimbursement of public offering issuance costs$144 — —Purchases of property and equipment included in accounts payable and accrued liabilities363 $1,825 383Issuance of common stock from the non-cash exercise of common stock warrants— — 187Supplementary cash flow information: Cash paid for interest on debt2,149 278 307Cash paid for tax7 22 — The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.64Table of ContentsVERACYTE, INC.Notes to Financial Statements1. Organization and Description of BusinessVeracyte, Inc. ("Veracyte" or the "Company") was incorporated in the state of Delaware on August 15, 2006 as Calderome, Inc. Calderome operated as anincubator until early 2008. On March 4, 2008, the Company changed its name to Veracyte, Inc. Veracyte is a molecular diagnostics company that uses genomictechnology to resolve diagnostic ambiguity. The Company targets diseases in which large numbers of patients undergo invasive and costly diagnostic proceduresthat could have been avoided with a more accurate diagnosis from a cytology sample. By improving diagnosis, the Company helps patients avoid such unnecessaryinvasive procedures and surgeries while reducing healthcare costs.The Company's first commercial solution, the Afirma® Thyroid FNA Analysis, centers on the proprietary Afirma Gene Expression Classifier ("GEC"). TheAfirma GEC helps physicians reduce the number of unnecessary surgeries by employing a proprietary 142-gene signature to determine whether thyroid nodulespreviously classified by cytopathology as indeterminate can be reclassified as benign. The Afirma GEC is offered directly or as part of a comprehensive solutionthat also includes cytopathology. Additionally, the Afirma Malignancy Classifiers were launched in May 2014. The Company currently markets and sells Afirmain the United States, in select foreign countries through a co-promotion agreement with Genzyme Corporation, a subsidiary of Sanofi, and through otherdistributors.In April 2015, the Company entered the lung cancer diagnostics market with the Percepta® Bronchial Genomic Classifier, a genomic test to resolveambiguity in lung cancer diagnosis. In October 2016, the Company introduced a second product in pulmonology, the Envisia ™ Genomic Classifier, designed tohelp in the assessment of patients suspected to have idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.The Company's operations are based in South San Francisco, California and Austin, Texas, and it operates in one segment in the United States.2. Summary of Significant Accounting PoliciesBasis of PresentationThe Company's financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States ("GAAP"). Thefinancial statements include the accounts of the Company and its former wholly-owned subsidiary, which was dissolved in June 2015. For periods prior to thesubsidiary dissolution, all intercompany accounts and transactions were eliminated in consolidation. Certain amounts have been reclassified on the balance sheet atDecember 31, 2015 to conform with the adoption of Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2015-3, Simplifying the Presentation of Debt Issuance Costs.Use of EstimatesThe preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amountsof assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue andexpenses during the reporting period. Significant items subject to such estimates include: revenue recognition; contractual allowances; the useful lives of propertyand equipment; the recoverability of long-lived assets; the estimation of the fair value of intangible assets; stock options; income tax uncertainties, including avaluation allowance for deferred tax assets; and contingencies. The Company bases these estimates on historical and anticipated results, trends, and various otherassumptions that the Company believes are reasonable under the circumstances, including assumptions as to future events. These estimates form the basis formaking judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities and recorded revenue and expenses that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actualresults could differ from those estimates and assumptions.LiquidityThe Company has incurred net losses since its inception and expects to incur additional losses in 2017 and in future years. As of December 31, 2016 , theCompany had an accumulated deficit of $180.1 million . The Company may never achieve revenue sufficient to offset its expenses. The Company believes its cashand cash equivalents of $59.2 million as of December 31, 2016 and its revenue from sales in 2017 will be sufficient to meet its anticipated cash requirements for atleast the next 12 months.65Table of ContentsVERACYTE, INC.Notes to Financial Statements (Continued)2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)In November 2016, the Company issued and sold 5,723,300 shares of its common stock in a public offering, at a price of $6.00 per share. The Companyraised $32.1 million in net proceeds, after deducting expenses of $2.2 million .In March 2016, the Company entered into a credit agreement and drew down the initial $25.0 million term loan of which, $5.0 million was used to pay theoutstanding balance of the Company’s existing long-term debt as discussed in Note 8 - Debt.In April 2015, the Company issued and sold 4,907,975 shares of its common stock in a private placement, at a price of $8.15 per share. The Companyreceived $37.3 million in net proceeds, after deducting expenses of $2.7 million .If the Company is not able to generate revenue to finance its cash requirements, the Company will need to finance future cash needs primarily through publicor private equity offerings, debt financings, borrowings or strategic collaborations or licensing arrangements. If the Company is not able to secure additionalfunding when needed, on acceptable terms, it may have to delay, reduce the scope of or eliminate one or more research and development programs or selling andmarketing initiatives which may have a material adverse effect on the Company's business, results of operations, financial condition and/or its ability to fund itsscheduled obligations on a timely basis or at all.Concentrations of Credit Risk and Other Risks and UncertaintiesThe majority of the Company's cash and cash equivalents are deposited with one major financial institution in the United States. Deposits in this institutionmay exceed the amount of insurance provided on such deposits. The Company has not experienced any losses on its deposits of cash and cash equivalents.Several of the components of the Company's sample collection kit and test reagents are obtained from single-source suppliers. If these single-sourcesuppliers fail to satisfy the Company's requirements on a timely basis, it could suffer delays in being able to deliver its diagnostic solutions, a possible loss ofrevenue, or incur higher costs, any of which could adversely affect its operating results.The Company is also subject to credit risk from its accounts receivable related to its sales. The Company generally does not perform evaluations ofcustomers' financial condition and generally does not require collateral.Through December 31, 2016 , all of the Company's revenue have been derived from the sale of Afirma. To date, Afirma has been delivered primarily tophysicians in the United States. The Company's third-party payers in excess of 10% of revenue and their related revenue as a percentage of total revenue were asfollows: Year Ended December 31, 2016 2015 2014Medicare27% 26% 26%UnitedHealthcare12% 14% 18%Aetna8% 9% 11% 47% 49% 55%The Company's significant third-party payers and their related accounts receivable balance as a percentage of total accounts receivable were as follows: December 31, 2016 2015Medicare18% 31%UnitedHealthcare8% 25%Aetna4% 23%66Table of ContentsVERACYTE, INC.Notes to Financial Statements (Continued)2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)No other third-party payer represented more than 10% of the Company's accounts receivable balances as of those dates.Cash EquivalentsCash equivalents consist of short-term, highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less from the date of purchase. Cash equivalentsconsist of amounts invested in a money market account primarily consisting of U.S. Treasury reserves.Restricted CashThe Company had deposits of $120,000 and $118,000 as of December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015 , respectively, included in current assets. Thedeposit at December 31, 2016 was a pledge for corporate credit cards and the deposit at December 31, 2015 was restricted from withdrawal and held by a bank inthe form of collateral for irrevocable standby letters of credit held as security for the lease of the Company's former headquarters and laboratory facilities in SouthSan Francisco that expired March 31, 2016. The Company also had deposits of $603,000 included in long-term assets as of December 31, 2016 and December 31,2015 , restricted from withdrawal and held by a bank in the form of collateral for an irrevocable standby letter of credit held as security for the lease of theCompany's South San Francisco facility signed in April 2015.Supplies InventorySupplies inventory consists of test reagents and other consumables primarily used in the sample collection kits and in cytopathology and GEC test processingand are valued at the lower of cost or market value. Cost is determined using actual costs on a first-in, first-out basis.Property and EquipmentProperty and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over theestimated useful lives of the assets, generally between three and five years . Leasehold improvements are amortized using the straight-line method over the shorterof the estimated useful life of the asset or the term of the lease. Maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred, and improvements and betterments arecapitalized. When assets are retired or otherwise disposed of, the cost and accumulated depreciation are removed from the balance sheet and any resulting gain orloss is reflected in the statements of operations and comprehensive loss in the period realized.Business CombinationThe Company accounts for acquisitions using the acquisition method of accounting which requires the recognition of tangible and identifiable intangibleassets acquired and liabilities assumed at their estimated fair values as of the business combination date. The Company allocates any excess purchase price over theestimated fair value assigned to the net tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed to goodwill. Transaction costs are expensed asincurred in general and administrative expenses. Results of operations and cash flows of acquired companies are included in the Company's operating results fromthe date of acquisition.Finite-lived Intangible AssetsFinite-lived intangible assets relate to intangible assets reclassified from indefinite-lived intangible assets, following the launch of Percepta in April 2015.The Company amortizes finite-lived intangible assets using the straight-line method over their estimated useful life. The estimated useful life of 15 years was usedfor the intangible asset related to the Percepta test based on management's estimate of product life, product life of other diagnostic tests and patent life. TheCompany tests this finite-lived intangible asset for impairment when events or circumstances indicate a reduction in the fair value below its carrying amount. Therewas no impairment for either of the years ended December 31, 2016 or 2015 .67Table of ContentsVERACYTE, INC.Notes to Financial Statements (Continued)2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)GoodwillGoodwill, derived from the Company's acquisition of Allegro Diagnostics Corp. (Allegro), is reviewed for impairment on an annual basis or more frequentlyif events or circumstances indicate that it may be impaired. The Company's goodwill evaluation is based on both qualitative and quantitative assessments regardingthe fair value of goodwill relative to its carrying value. The Company has determined that it operates in a single segment and has a single reporting unit associatedwith the development and commercialization of diagnostic products. In the event the Company determines that it is more likely than not the carrying value of thereporting unit is higher than its fair value, quantitative testing is performed comparing recorded values to estimated fair values. If impairment is present, theimpairment loss is measured as the excess of the recorded goodwill over its implied fair value. The Company performs its annual evaluation of goodwill during thefourth quarter of each fiscal year. There was no impairment for the years ended December 31, 2016 , 2015 or 2014 .Fair Value of Financial InstrumentsThe carrying amounts of certain financial instruments including cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, prepaid expenses and other current assets,accounts payable and accrued liabilities approximate fair value due to their relatively short maturities.Revenue RecognitionThe Company recognizes revenue in accordance with the provision of ASC 954-605, Health Care Entities—Revenue Recognition ("ASC 954") . TheCompany's revenue is generated from the provision of diagnostic services. The service is completed upon the delivery of test results to the prescribing physician, atwhich time the Company bills for the service. The Company recognizes revenue related to billings for tests delivered on an accrual basis when amounts that willultimately be realized can be estimated. The estimates of amounts that will ultimately be realized requires significant judgment by management. Until a contracthas been negotiated with a commercial payer or governmental program, the Company's tests may or may not be covered by these entities' existing reimbursementpolicies. In addition, patients do not enter into direct agreements with the Company that commit them to pay any portion of the cost of the tests in the event thattheir insurance declines to reimburse the Company.The Company may bill the patient directly for these amounts in the form of co-payments and co-insurance in accordance with their insurance carrier andhealth plans. In the absence of contracted reimbursement or the ability to estimate the amount that will ultimately be realized for the Company's services, revenueis recognized on the cash basis.Revenue recognized for the years ended December 31, 2016 , 2015 and 2014 was as follows (in thousands of dollars): Year Ended December 31, 2016 2015 2014Revenue recognized on the accrual basis$47,099 72% $27,043 55% $12,545 33%Revenue recognized on the cash basis17,986 28% 22,460 45% 25,645 67%Total$65,085 100% $49,503 100% $38,190 100%Prior to July 1, 2016, the Company believes it did not have a consistent enough payment history to accrue a significant portion of its Afirma tests delivered tocustomers and, as noted above, recognized revenue on the cash basis for such tests. The Company has been analyzing the amounts received for tests performedsince commercialization and during the quarter ended September 30, 2016, sufficient information developed to support a reasonable estimate of the amount ofrevenue to accrue upon test delivery for a number of payers that had been previously recognized on the cash basis. In determining the amount to accrue for aparticular test, the Company considered factors such as payer coverage, whether there is a reimbursement contract between the payer and the Company, timelinessof payment, payment as a percentage of agreed upon rate (if applicable), amount paid per test and any current developments or changes that could impactreimbursement. As a result, the Company recognized $3.5 million of incremental revenue during the quarter ended September 30, 2016 upon test delivery thatpreviously would not have been recognized until cash was received. Tests performed prior to July 1, 2016 that did not meet the Company’s accrual criteria at thetime of delivery will continue to be recognized as revenue on the cash basis. However, the Company expects the amount of revenue68Table of ContentsVERACYTE, INC.Notes to Financial Statements (Continued)2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)to be recognized on the cash basis for Afirma to decline in future periods since subsequent to September 2016 relatively few tests will be performed for which areasonable estimate of revenue to accrue will not have been made at the time of delivery.The incremental accrued revenue and decrease in loss from operations as a result of additional payers meeting the Company's accrual revenue recognitioncriteria was $4.1 million , $0.7 million and $0.8 million for tests delivered in the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively. The incrementalaccrued revenue decreased loss per common share by $0.13 , $0.03 and $0.04 for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively.Cost of RevenueCost of revenue is expensed as incurred and includes material and service costs, cytopathology testing services performed by a third-party pathology group,stock-based compensation expense, direct labor costs, equipment and infrastructure expenses associated with testing samples, shipping charges to transportsamples, and allocated overhead including rent, information technology, equipment depreciation and utilities.Research and DevelopmentResearch and development expenses are charged to operations as incurred. Research and development expenses include payroll and personnel-relatedexpenses, stock-based compensation expense, prototype materials, laboratory supplies, consulting costs, costs associated with setting up and conducting clinicalstudies at domestic and international sites, and allocated overhead including rent, information technology, equipment depreciation and utilities.Income TaxesThe Company accounts for income taxes under the liability method. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on thedifference between the financial statement and tax bases of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expectedto affect taxable income. Valuation allowances are established when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amounts expected to be realized.The Company assesses all material positions taken in any income tax return, including all significant uncertain positions, in all tax years that are still subjectto assessment or challenge by relevant taxing authorities. The Company's assessment of an uncertain tax position begins with the initial determination of theposition's sustainability and is measured at the largest amount of benefit that is more-likely-than-not of being realized upon ultimate settlement. As of each balancesheet date, unresolved uncertain tax positions must be reassessed, and the Company will determine whether (i) the factors underlying the sustainability assertionhave changed and (ii) the amount of the recognized tax benefit is still appropriate. The recognition and measurement of tax benefits requires significant judgment.Judgments concerning the recognition and measurement of a tax benefit may change as new information becomes available.Stock-based CompensationStock-based compensation expense for equity instruments issued to employees is measured based on the grant-date fair value of the awards. The fair value ofeach employee stock option is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. The Company recognizes compensation costs on astraight-line basis for all employee stock-based compensation awards that are expected to vest over the requisite service period of the awards, which is generallythe awards' vesting period. Forfeitures are required to be estimated at the time of grant and revised, if necessary, in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differfrom those estimates.Equity awards issued to non-employees are valued using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model and are subject to re-measurement as the underlying equityawards vest.69Table of ContentsVERACYTE, INC.Notes to Financial Statements (Continued)2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)Net Loss per Common ShareBasic net loss per common share is calculated by dividing net loss attributable to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of common sharesoutstanding during the period, without consideration of common stock equivalents. Diluted net loss per common share is computed by dividing net loss attributableto common stockholders by the weighted-average number of common share equivalents outstanding for the period determined using the treasury stock method.Potentially dilutive securities consisting of options to purchase common stock, restricted stock units and shares subject to purchase under our employee stockpurchase plan are considered to be common stock equivalents and were excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss per common share because their effectwould be anti-dilutive for all periods presented.Recent Accounting PronouncementsIn May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606), to supersedenearly all existing revenue recognition guidance under GAAP. The core principle of ASU 2014-09 is to recognize revenues when promised goods or services aretransferred to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration that is expected to be received for those goods or services. ASU 2014-09 defines a five-stepprocess to achieve this core principle and, in doing so, it is possible more judgment and estimates may be required within the revenue recognition process than arerequired under existing GAAP, including identifying performance obligations in a contract, estimating the amount of variable consideration to include in thetransaction price and allocating the transaction price to each separate performance obligation. The Company will adopt the new revenue standard as of January 1,2018 using the modified retrospective method. The Company has also completed its assessment of the first step which included identifying the Company’scustomers. The Company is currently assessing the remainder of the steps and is in the process of evaluating the effect of adoption of the new revenue standard onits financial statements.In August 2014, FASB issued ASU No. 2014-15, Presentation of Financial Statements Going Concern - Disclosure of Uncertainties about an Entity’sAbility to Continue as a Going Concern . The amendments require management to assess an entity’s ability to continue as a going concern by incorporating andexpanding upon certain principles that are currently in U.S. auditing standards. Specifically, the amendments: (1) provide a definition of the term substantial doubt;(2) require an evaluation every reporting period including interim periods; (3) provide principles for considering the mitigating effect of management’s plans;(4) require certain disclosures when substantial doubt is alleviated as a result of consideration of management’s plans; (5) require an express statement and otherdisclosures when substantial doubt is not alleviated; and (6) require an assessment for a period of one year after the date that the financial statements are issued (oravailable to be issued). ASU 2014-15 will be effective for annual periods ending after December 15, 2016 and interim periods within annual periods beginningafter December 15, 2016 with early adoption permitted. ASU 2014-15 is effective for the Company beginning with its annual report for 2016 and interim periodsthereafter. The Company has adopted this ASU and there is no impact on its financial statements.In April 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-3, Simplifying the Presentation of Debt Issuance Costs , to require debt issuance costs to be presented asan offset against debt outstanding. The update does not change current guidance on the recognition and measurement of debt issuance costs. The ASU is effectivefor interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2015. Adoption of the ASU is retrospective to each prior period presented. The Company has adoptedthis ASU and the retrospective adjustment of the prior period presentation was not material. In November 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-17, Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Taxes . The ASU requires that deferred tax assets andliabilities be classified as noncurrent in the statement of financial position, thereby simplifying the guidance that required an entity to separate deferred assets andliabilities into current and noncurrent amounts, and was effective for the Company beginning in the first quarter of 2016. The Company early-adopted this ASU asof December 31, 2015 and the impact of adoption on its statement of financial position was not material.In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-2, Leases . This ASU is aimed at making leasing activities moretransparent and comparable, and requires substantially all leases be recognized by lessees on their balance sheet as a right-of-useasset and corresponding lease liability, including leases currently accounted for as operating leases. The ASU will be effective for interim and annual periodsbeginning after December 15, 2018. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the potential effect of this standard on its financialstatements. 70Table of ContentsVERACYTE, INC.Notes to Financial Statements (Continued)2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-9, Compensation - Stock Compensation , related to the tax effects of share-based awards. The ASU requiresthat all the tax effects of share-based awards be recorded through the income statement, thereby simplifying the current guidance that requires excess tax benefitsand certain excess tax deficiencies to be recorded in equity. The ASU is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016. TheCompany does not anticipate that the adoption of this ASU will have a significant impact on its financial statements.In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-18, Statement of Cash Flows - Restricted Cash. This ASU requires that restricted cash and restricted cashequivalents be included with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning-of-period and end-of-period total amounts shown on the statement of cashflows. The ASU will be effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017. The Company does not anticipate that the adoption of thisASU will have a significant impact on its financial statements.3. Net Loss Per ShareThe following outstanding common stock equivalents have been excluded from diluted net loss per common share for the years ended December 31, 2016 ,2015 and 2014 because their inclusion would be anti-dilutive: Year Ended December 31, 2016 2015 2014Shares of common stock subject to outstanding options5,093,454 4,086,640 3,035,614Employee stock purchase plan36,651 15,561 —Restricted stock units25,000 — —Total common stock equivalents5,155,105 4,102,201 3,035,6144. Business CombinationIn September 2014, the Company acquired Allegro via a merger with Full Moon Acquisition, Inc., a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company focused onthe development of genomic tests to improve the preoperative diagnosis of lung cancer. Allegro merged with Full Moon, (the "Merger"), with Allegro survivingthe Merger as a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company. The subsidiary was dissolved in June 2015. At the effective time of the Merger, each share of thecommon stock of Full Moon issued and outstanding immediately prior to the effective time of the Merger was automatically converted into one share of commonstock of Allegro and represented the only outstanding common stock of Allegro at the effective time of the Merger; all previously issued and outstanding shares ofcommon stock of Allegro were canceled. The Series A preferred stock of Allegro issued and outstanding immediately prior to the effective time of the Merger wascanceled and automatically converted into the right to receive a total of 964,377 shares of the Company's common stock and $2.7 million in cash. Outstandingindebtedness of Allegro totaling $4.3 million was settled in cash by the Company on the effective date of the Merger. All outstanding stock options under Allegro'sequity incentive plan were canceled.The acquisition of Allegro accelerated the Company's entry into the pulmonology diagnostics market. Allegro's lung cancer test is designed to helpphysicians determine which patients with lung nodules who have had an inconclusive bronchoscopy result are at low risk for cancer and can thus be safelymonitored with CT scans rather than undergoing invasive procedures. The Company launched the Percepta test in April 2015.The Merger was accounted for using the acquisition method of accounting with the Company treated as the accounting acquirer. The purchase price wasallocated based on the estimated fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the date of the acquisition.The Company incurred approximately $0.5 million in acquisition-related costs related to the Merger, which primarily consisted of legal, accounting andvaluation-related expenses. In addition, the Company incurred $1.2 million related to transaction bonuses and severance payments to former Allegro employeesassociated with the Merger. These expenses were recorded in general and administrative expense in the accompanying statements of operations and comprehensiveloss.71Table of ContentsVERACYTE, INC.Notes to Financial Statements (Continued)4. Business Combination (Continued)The acquisition consideration was comprised of (in thousands of dollars):Veracyte common stock$10,078Cash2,725Payment of outstanding indebtedness4,290Total acquisition consideration$17,093The common stock consideration of $10.1 million was determined based on the closing price of the Company's common stock on September 16, 2014 ($10.45 per share).The fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the closing date of the Merger are summarized below (in thousands of dollars):Cash and cash equivalents$29Other assets, net7In-process research and development (IPR&D)16,000Goodwill1,057Total net assets acquired$17,093The fair value of IPR&D was determined using the multi-period excess earnings method of the income approach, which estimates the economic benefits ofthe IPR&D over multiple time periods by identifying the cash flows associated with the use of the asset, based on forecasts prepared by management, anddeducting a periodic charge reflecting a fair return for the use of contributory assets. The forecasted cash flows were discounted based on a discount rate of 18.5% .The discount rate represents the Company's weighted average return on assets and was benchmarked against the internal rate of return and cost of capital ofguideline publicly traded companies. The fair value of the IPR&D was capitalized as of the closing date of the Merger and was accounted for as an indefinite-livedintangible asset prior to the beginning of amortization.Amortization of the IPR&D began in April 2015 when research and development activities were deemed to be completed and is recorded on a straight-linebasis. The amortization period of the IPR&D is over its estimated useful life of 15 years after taking into consideration expected use of the asset, legal or regulatoryprovisions that may limit or extend the life of the asset, as well as the effects of obsolescence and other economic factors. Amortization of $1.1 million and $0.8million was recorded for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 , respectively, and accumulated amortization was $1.9 million and $0.8 million as ofDecember 31, 2016 and 2015 , respectively. Amortization expense will be approximately $1.1 million per year.Goodwill, which represents the purchase price in excess of the fair value of net assets acquired, is not expected to be deductible for income tax purposes.This goodwill is reflective of the value derived from the acceleration of the Company's entry into the pulmonology market.Pro Forma Financial Information (Unaudited)The following pro forma financial information is based on the historical financial statements of the Company and presents the Company's results as if theMerger had occurred as of January 1, 2013 (in thousands of dollars): Year Ended December 31, 2014 2013Revenue$38,190 $21,884Net loss$(29,090) $(28,605)72Table of ContentsVERACYTE, INC.Notes to Financial Statements (Continued)4. Business Combination (Continued)The pro forma results present the combined historical results of operations with adjustments to reflect one-time charges including:•The reversal of costs related to transaction bonuses and other payments to employees and acquisition-related expenses directly related to theMerger of $2.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2014 ; and•the elimination of interest expense related to Allegro indebtedness of $2.3 million and $4.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2014 and2013 , respectively.The pro forma information presented does not purport to present what the actual results would have been had the Merger actually occurred on January 1,2013, nor is the information intended to project results for any future period.5. Balance Sheet ComponentsProperty and Equipment, NetProperty and equipment consisted of the following (in thousands of dollars): Year Ended December 31, 2016 2015Leasehold improvements$5,861 $789Laboratory equipment6,441 5,501Computer equipment1,177 1,046Software, including software developed for internal use1,937 1,353Furniture and fixtures1,131 242Construction-in-process1,769 6,823Total property and equipment, at cost18,316 15,754Accumulated depreciation and amortization(6,836) (5,440)Total property and equipment, net$11,480 $10,314Depreciation and amortization expense was $2.4 million , $1.5 million and $1.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2016 , 2015 and 2014 ,respectively.Equipment under a capital lease was purchased in December 2016 but was not available for use at December 31, 2016, and as such, there was noamortization expense for equipment under capital lease in 2016.Accrued LiabilitiesAccrued liabilities consisted of the following (in thousands of dollars): Year Ended December 31, 2016 2015Accrued compensation expense$6,120 $4,212Accrued Genzyme co-promotion fees— 2,089Accrued other2,990 2,388Total accrued liabilities$9,110 $8,68973Table of ContentsVERACYTE, INC.Notes to Financial Statements (Continued)6. Fair Value MeasurementsThe Company records its financial assets and liabilities at fair value. The carrying amounts of certain financial instruments of the Company, including cashand cash equivalents, prepaid expenses and other current assets, accounts payable and accrued liabilities, approximate fair value due to their relatively shortmaturities. The carrying value of the Company's debt approximates its fair value because the interest rate approximates market rates that the Company could obtainfor debt with similar terms. The estimated fair value of the Company’s debt is estimated using the net present value of the payments, discounted at an interest ratethat is consistent with market interest rates, which is a Level II input. The accounting guidance for fair value provides a framework for measuring fair value,clarifies the definition of fair value, and expands disclosures regarding fair value measurements. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell anasset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in an orderly transaction between market participants at the reporting date. The accounting guidance establishes athree-tiered hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in the valuation methodologies in measuring fair value as follows:•Level I: Inputs which include quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities.•Level II: Inputs other than Level I that are observable, either directly or indirectly, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quotedprices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially thefull term of the assets or liabilities.•Level III: Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities.The fair value of the Company's financial assets, which consist only of money market funds, was $58.7 million and $37.5 million as of December 31, 2016and 2015 respectively, and are Level I assets as described above.7. Commitments and ContingenciesOperating LeasesThe Company leases its headquarters and laboratory facilities in South San Francisco, California under a non-cancelable lease agreement for approximately59,000 square feet. The lease began in June 2015 and ends in March 2026 and contains extension of lease term and expansion options. Certain expansion optionswere waived by the Company on February 8, 2017 in exchange for consideration of $500,000 . The Company had deposits of $603,000 included in long-termassets as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 , restricted from withdrawal and held by a bank in the form of collateral for an irrevocable standby letter of credit held assecurity for the lease of the South San Francisco facility.The Company also leases laboratory and office space in Austin, Texas under a lease that expires on July 31, 2018. The Company provided a cash securitydeposit of $75,000 , which is included in other assets in the Company's balance sheets as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 .Future minimum lease payments under non-cancelable operating leases as of December 31, 2016 are as follows (in thousands of dollars):Year Ending December 31,Amounts2017$2,14320182,10220192,02620202,08220212,144Thereafter9,812Total minimum lease payments$20,30974Table of ContentsVERACYTE, INC.Notes to Financial Statements (Continued)The Company recognizes rent expense on a straight-line basis over the non-cancelable lease period. Rent expense was $2.0 million , $1.9 million and$852,000 for the years ended December 31, 2016 , 2015 and 2014 , respectively.Capital LeaseThe Company entered into a capital lease in December 2016 for $1.2 million of equipment and the associated equipment has not been placed into service asof December 31, 2016 . Amortization of the equipment will commence when the equipment is placed into service and ready for its intended use. The Companypaid an upfront amount of $330,000 and the present value of the total future minimum lease payments of $874,000 , which is a non-cash investing transaction for2016, comprises a short-term portion of $275,000 , included in accrued liabilities, and a long-term portion of $599,000 , included in capital lease liability, on theCompany's balance sheet as of December 31, 2016 . As of December 31, 2016 , the annual future minimum lease payments will be $317,000 for each of 2017,2018 and 2019.Supplies Purchase CommitmentsThe Company had non-cancelable purchase commitments with suppliers to purchase a minimum quantity of supplies for approximately $1.7 million atDecember 31, 2016 .ContingenciesFrom time to time, the Company may be involved in legal proceedings arising in the ordinary course of business. The Company believes there is no litigationpending that could have, individually or in the aggregate, a material adverse effect on its financial position, results of operations or cash flows.8. DebtCredit Agreement In March 2016, the Company entered into a credit agreement (the “Credit Agreement”) with Visium Healthcare Partners, LP (“Visium”). Under the CreditAgreement, two term loans are available to the Company with an aggregate principal amount of up to $40.0 million . The Company drew down the initial $25.0million term loan (the “Initial Term Loan”) on March 30, 2016, of which $5.0 million was used to pay the outstanding balance of the Company’s existing long-term debt, which was cancelled at that date. On or prior to June 30, 2017, the Company may request the second term loan of up to $15.0 million (the “Second TermLoan” and together with the Initial Term Loan, the “Term Loans”). The Term Loans mature on March 31, 2022. The Term Loans bear interest at a fixed rate of 12.0% per annum, payable quarterly at the end of each March, June, September and December. No principalpayments will be due during an interest-only period, commencing on the funding date for the Initial Term Loan (the “Initial Borrowing Date”) and continuingthrough and including March 31, 2020. The Company is obligated to repay the outstanding principal amounts under the Term Loans in eight equal installmentsduring the final two years under the Credit Agreement. For any quarterly interest payment through and including the 16th interest payment date after the InitialBorrowing Date, so long as no event of default has occurred and is then continuing, the Company may elect to pay interest in cash on the outstanding principalamounts of the Term Loans at a fixed rate of 9.0% , with the remaining 3.0% of the 12.0% interest paid-in-kind by adding such paid-in-kind interest to theoutstanding principal amounts of the Term Loans. The Company elected to pay interest in-kind for the quarters ended June 30, 2016 and September 30, 2016 andhas recorded $385,000 of paid-in-kind interest through December 31, 2016 . The Company may prepay the outstanding principal amount under the Term Loans subject to a minimum of $5.0 million of principal amount or a wholemultiple of $1 million in excess thereof plus accrued and unpaid interest and a prepayment premium. The prepayment premium will be assessed on the principalamount repaid and will equal (i) 24.0% less the aggregate amount of all interest payments in cash, if the prepayment is made on or prior to March 31, 2018, (ii) 4.0% , if the prepayment is made after March 31, 2018 and on or prior to March 31, 2019, (iii) 2.0% , if the prepayment is made after March 31, 2019 and on orprior to March 31, 2020, and (iv) 1.0% , if the prepayment is made after March 31, 2020 and on or prior to March 31, 2021. After March 31, 2021 there is noprepayment premium. 75Table of ContentsVERACYTE, INC.Notes to Financial Statements (Continued)Note 8. Debt (Continued)The Company’s obligations under the Credit Agreement are secured by a security interest in substantially all of its assets. The Credit Agreement containscustomary representations, warranties and events of default, as well as affirmative and negative covenants. The negative covenants include, among otherprovisions, covenants that limit or restrict the Company’s ability to incur liens, make investments, incur indebtedness, merge with or acquire other entities, disposeof assets, make dividends or other distributions to holders of its equity interests, engage in any material new line of business or enter into certain transactions withaffiliates, in each case subject to certain exceptions. To the extent the Company forms or acquires certain subsidiaries domiciled in the United States, thosesubsidiaries are required to be guarantors of the Company’s obligations under the Credit Agreement. As of December 31, 2016 , the Company was in compliancewith the loan covenants. Concurrent with entering into the Credit Agreement, the Company entered into an agreement with Visium pursuant to which, for a period of one yearfollowing the Initial Borrowing Date, Visium has the right to participate in certain future equity financings of the Company in an amount of up to $5.0 million withno preferential terms. As of December 31, 2016 , the net debt obligation for borrowings made under the Credit Agreement was as follows (in thousands of dollars): December 31, 2016Debt principal$25,385Unamortized debt issuance costs(467)Net debt obligation$24,918Future principal payments under the Credit Agreement are as follows (in thousands of dollars): Year Ending December 31, 2020$9,519202112,69320223,173Total$25,385Loan and Security AgreementIn June 2013, the Company entered into a loan and security agreement ("Original Loan") with a financial institution. The Original Loan provided for termloans of up to $10.0 million in aggregate. The Company drew down $5.0 million in funds under the agreement in June 2013, and did not draw the remaining $5.0million on or before the expiration date of March 31, 2014. The Company was required to repay the outstanding principal in 30 equal installments beginning 18months after the date of the borrowing and was due in full in June 2017. The Original Loan had an interest rate of 6.06% per annum, carried prepayment penaltiesof 2.25% and 1.50% for prepayment within one and two years, respectively, and 0.75% thereafter.In December 2014, the Company amended certain terms and conditions of the Original Loan ("Amended Loan"). The Amended Loan provided for term loansof up to $15.0 million in aggregate, in three tranches of $5.0 million each. The Company borrowed $5.0 million under the first tranche in December 2014 and usedthe funds for repayment of the $5.0 million in principal outstanding under the Original Loan, in a cashless transaction. In addition, the Company paid the accruedbut unpaid interest of $14,000 due on the Original Loan and the related end-of-term payment of $110,000 . The Amended Loan waived the prepayment premium of$75,000 under the Original Loan and reduced the end-of-term payment of $225,000 under the Original Loan to $110,000 . In November 2015, the Company furtheramended the loan to extend the availability of the second $5.0 million tranche under the Amended Loan through June 30, 2016 from December 31, 2015 originally.76Table of ContentsVERACYTE, INC.Notes to Financial Statements (Continued)Note 8. Debt (Continued)The carrying value of the debt approximated its fair value because the interest rate approximated market rates that the Company could have obtained for debtwith similar terms. Under the Amended Loan borrowing, the Company was required to repay the outstanding principal in 24 equal installments beginning 24months after the date of the borrowing and was due in full in December 2018. The first tranche of the Amended Loan bore interest at a rate of 5.00% per annum.The Amended Loan carried prepayment penalties of 2.00% and 1.00% for prepayments within one and two years, respectively, and no prepayment penaltythereafter. In connection with the Amended Loan, the Company paid approximately $45,000 in third-party fees.The Amended Loan resulted in a debt modification under ASC 470-50, Modifications and Extinguishments, as the change in present value of the remainingcash flows associated with the Original Loan and Amended Loan was not substantial.Upon execution of the Original Loan, the Company issued the financial institution a warrant to purchase shares of Series C convertible preferred stock at$7.56 per share. At the time of issuance, the aggregate fair value of the warrant for the 24,801 shares exercisable under the warrant was $175,000 . The fair valueof the warrant was deducted from total proceeds, resulting in a debt discount to be amortized to interest expense over 48 months , through the maturity date of theOriginal Loan, using the effective interest rate method, and was recorded as a preferred stock warrant liability. The warrant was converted to a warrant to purchasethe Company's common stock upon the completion of the Company's IPO. The financial institution exercised the warrant with respect to 24,801 shares through acashless exercise in March 2014, resulting in the issuance of 13,739 shares of the Company's common stock.Borrowings under the 2013 Loan Agreement totaled $5.0 million , which was outstanding at January 1, 2015 and into 2016 until such amount was repaidupon the Company entering into the Credit Agreement discussed above.As of December 31, 2015 , the net debt obligation under the Amended Loan was as follows (in thousands of dollars): 2015Debt and unpaid accrued end-of-term payment$5,082Unamortized note discount(92)Net debt obligation$4,990 Interest ExpenseInterest expense was as follows (in thousands of dollars): Year Ended December 31, 2016 2015 2014Nominal interest$2,378 $253 $296Amortization and write-off of debt discount and debt issuance costs173 46 62End-of-term payment interest and prepayment penalty206 79 81Total$2,757 $378 $439779. Stockholders' EquityCommon StockThe Company's Restated Certificate of Incorporation authorizes the Company to issue 125,000,000 shares of common stock with a par value of $0.001 pershare. The holder of each share of common stock shall have one vote for each share of stock. The common stockholders are also entitled to receive dividendswhenever funds and assets are legally available and when declared by the Board of Directors, subject to the prior rights of holders of all series of convertiblepreferred stock outstanding. No dividends have been declared as of December 31, 2016 .As of December 31, 2016 and 2015 , the Company had reserved shares of common stock for issuance as follows: December 31, 2016 2015Stock options and restricted stock units issued and outstanding5,251,832 4,179,521Stock options and restricted stock units available for grant under stock option plans887,724 1,058,359Common stock available for the Employee Stock Purchase Plan609,053 750,000Total6,748,609 5,987,880In November 2016, the Company completed a public offering of 5,723,300 shares of its common stock at a price of $6.00 per share. Gross proceeds to theCompany were $34.3 million and the Company raised net proceeds of $32.1 million , after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and other expensesof $2.2 million . At December 31, 2016, the Company had $200,000 receivable from the underwriters for reimbursement of other expenses, which is included inprepaid expenses and other current assets in the Company's balance sheet.In April 2015, the Company completed a private placement of 4,907,975 shares of its common stock to certain accredited investors at a purchase price of$8.15 per share. Gross proceeds to the Company were $40.0 million and the Company received $37.3 million in net proceeds, after deducting placement agent feesand other expenses of $2.7 million .10. Stock Incentive PlansStock PlansIn February 2008, the Company adopted the 2008 Stock Plan (the "2008 Plan"). The 2008 Plan provides for the granting of options to purchase commonstock and common stock to employees, directors and consultants of the Company. The Company may grant incentive stock options ("ISOs"), non-statutory stockoptions ("NSOs") or restricted stock under the 2008 Plan. ISOs may only be granted to Company employees (including directors who are also consideredemployees). NSOs and restricted stock may be granted to Company employees, directors and consultants. Options may be granted for terms of up to ten years fromthe date of grant, as determined by the Board of Directors, provided however, that with respect to an ISO granted to a person who owns stock representing morethan 10% of the voting power of all classes of stock of the Company, the term shall be for no more than five years from the date of grant. The exercise price ofoptions granted must be at a price no less than 100% of the estimated fair value of the shares on the date of grant, as determined by the Board of Directors,provided however, that with respect to an ISO granted to an employee who at the time of grant of such option owns stock representing more than 10% of the votingpower of all classes of stock of the Company, the exercise price shall not be less than 110% of the estimated fair value of the shares on the date of grant.In October 2013, the Company adopted the 2013 Stock Incentive Plan (the "2013 Plan"). The 2013 Plan was subsequently approved by the Company'sstockholders and became effective on November 4, 2013, immediately before the closing of the Company's IPO. Following the effectiveness of the 2013 Plan, noadditional options will be granted under the 2008 Plan. An aggregate of 1,700,000 shares were initially reserved for issuance under the 2013 Plan. In addition, tothe extent that any awards outstanding or subject to vesting restrictions under the 2008 Plan are subsequently forfeited or terminated for any reason before78Table of ContentsVERACYTE, INC.Notes to Financial Statements (Continued)10. Stock Incentive Plans (Continued)being exercised or settled, the shares of common stock reserved for issuance pursuant to such awards as of the closing of the IPO will become available forissuance under the 2013 Plan. The remaining shares available for grant under the 2008 Plan became available for issuance under the 2013 Plan upon the closing ofthe IPO. On the first day of each year from 2014 to 2023, the 2013 Plan authorizes an annual increase of the lesser of 4% of outstanding shares on the last day ofthe immediately preceding fiscal year or a lesser amount as determined by the Company's Board of Directors. As of December 31, 2016, 887,724 shares wereavailable for future issuance under the 2013 Plan.Pursuant to the 2013 Plan, stock options, restricted shares, stock units, including restricted stock units and stock appreciation rights may be granted toemployees, consultants, and outside directors of the Company. Options granted may be either ISOs or NSOs.Stock options are governed by stock option agreements between the Company and recipients of stock options. ISOs and NSOs may be granted under the2013 Plan at an exercise price of not less than 100% of the fair market value of the common stock on the date of grant, determined by the CompensationCommittee of the Board of Directors. Options become exercisable and expire as determined by the Compensation Committee, provided that the term of ISOs maynot exceed ten years from the date of grant. Stock option agreements may provide for accelerated exercisability in the event of an optionee's death, disability, orretirement or other events.Stock units are governed by stock unit agreements between the Company and recipients of stock units. Stock units may be granted under the 2013 Plan andthe number of stock units awarded are determined by the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors. Stock units vest and expire as determined by theCompensation Committee. Stock unit agreements may provide for accelerated vesting in the event of a stock unit holder's death, disability, or retirement or otherevents.Any outside director who was not previously an employee and who first joins the Company's Board of Directors on or after the effective date of the 2013Plan will be automatically granted an initial NSO to purchase 35,000 shares of common stock upon first becoming a member of the Board of Directors. Twenty-five percent of the shares subject to the initial option will vest and become exercisable on the first anniversary of the date of grant. The balance ( i.e., the remaining75% ) will vest and become exercisable over three years in equal monthly installments. On the first business day after each regularly scheduled annual meeting ofstockholders, each outside director who was not elected to the Board of Directors for the first time at such meeting and who will continue serving as a member ofthe Board of Directors thereafter will be automatically granted an option to purchase 10,000 shares of common stock, provided that the outside director has servedon the Board of Directors for at least six months . Each annual option will vest and become exercisable on the first anniversary of the date of grant, or immediatelyprior to the next regular annual meeting of the Company's stockholders following the date of grant if the meeting occurs prior to the first anniversary date. Theoptions granted to outside directors will have a per share exercise price equal to 100% of the fair market value of the underlying shares on the date of grant and willbecome fully vested in the event of a change of control. In addition, such options will terminate on the earlier of (i) the day before the 10 th anniversary of the dateof grant or (ii) the date 12 months after the termination of the outside director's service for any reason.The following table summarizes activity under the Company's stock incentive plans (aggregate intrinsic value in thousands): SharesAvailablefor Grant Stock Options Outstanding Weighted Average Exercise Price Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (Years) Aggregate Intrinsic ValueBalance—December 31, 20151,058,359 4,179,521 $8.03 7.50 $6,511Additional shares authorized1,114,416 — Granted - stock options(1,618,250) 1,618,250 6.30 Granted - restricted stock units(25,000) 25,000 Canceled358,199 (358,199) 10.29 Exercised— (212,740) 2.53 Balance—December 31, 2016887,724 5,251,832 $7.56 7.24 $8,515Options vested and exercisable—December 31, 2016 2,628,328 $7.42 5.89 $6,008Options vested and expected to vest—December 31, 2016 4,962,370 $7.58 7.16 $8,25479Table of ContentsVERACYTE, INC.Notes to Financial Statements (Continued)10. Stock Incentive Plans (Continued)The aggregate intrinsic value was calculated as the difference between the exercise price of the options to purchase common stock and the fair market valueof the Company's common stock, which was $7.74 and $7.20 per share as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively.The weighted average fair value of options to purchase common stock granted was $3.35 , $5.12 and $9.08 for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and2014, respectively.The aggregate estimated grant date fair value of employee options to purchase common stock vested during the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and2014 was $5.8 million , $5.3 million and $1.6 million , respectively.The intrinsic value of stock options exercised was $0.9 million , $1.8 million and $3.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014,respectively.The weighted average fair value of restricted stock units granted was $7.47 for the year ended December 31, 2016. Restricted stock units were first issued inDecember 2016 and there were no restricted stock units vested for the year ended December 31, 2016.Employee Stock Purchase PlanIn May 2015, the Company's stockholders approved the Company's Employee Stock Purchase Plan ("ESPP"). The ESPP provides eligible employees with anopportunity to purchase common stock from the Company and to pay for their purchases through payroll deductions. The ESPP will be implemented through aseries of offerings of purchase rights to eligible employees. Under the ESPP, the Compensation Committee of the Company's Board of Directors may specifyofferings with a duration of not more than 12 months , and may specify shorter purchase periods within each offering. During each purchase period, payrolldeductions will accumulate, without interest. On the last day of the purchase period, accumulated payroll deductions will be used to purchase common stock foremployees participating in the offering.The purchase price will be specified pursuant to the offering, but cannot, under the terms of the ESPP, be less than 85% of the fair market value per share ofthe Company's common stock on either the offering date or on the purchase date, whichever is less.The Company's Board of Directors has determined that the purchase periods initially shall have a duration of six months , that the first purchase period beganon August 3, 2015 and that the purchase price will be 85% of the fair market value per share of the Company's common stock on either the offering date or thepurchase date, whichever is less. The length of the purchase period applicable to U.S. employees and the purchase price may not be changed without the approvalof the independent members of the Compensation Committee of the Company's Board of Directors. The Compensation Committee has determined that if the fairmarket value of a share of the Company's common stock on any purchase date within a particular offering period is less than the fair market value on the start dateof that offering period, then the offering period will automatically terminate and the employees in that offering period will automatically be transferred andenrolled in a new offering period which will begin on the next day following such purchase date.No employee is permitted to accrue, under the ESPP, a right to purchase stock of the Company having a value in excess of $25,000 of the fair market valueof such stock (determined at the time the right is granted) for each calendar year. 80Table of ContentsVERACYTE, INC.Notes to Financial Statements (Continued)10. Stock Incentive Plans (Continued)Stock-based CompensationThe following table summarizes stock-based compensation expense related to stock options, restricted stock units and the ESPP for the years endedDecember 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, and are included in the statements of operations and comprehensive loss as follows (in thousands of dollars): Year Ended December 31, 2016 2015 2014Cost of revenue$126 $100 $51Research and development1,322 1,178 790Selling and marketing1,594 1,326 707General and administrative3,336 2,998 2,000Total stock-based compensation expense$6,378 $5,602 $3,548As of December 31, 2016, the Company had $9.3 million of unrecognized compensation expense related to unvested stock options and restricted stock units,which is expected to be recognized over an estimated weighted-average period of 2.50 years .The estimated grant-date fair value of employee stock options was calculated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model, based on the followingassumptions: Year Ended December 31, 2016 2015 2014Weighted-average volatility52.49 - 56.36% 52.56 - 68.82% 70.19 - 78.54%Weighted-average expected term (years)5.50 - 6.27 5.50 - 6.08 5.50 - 6.08Risk-free interest rate1.16 - 2.09% 1.55 - 2.03% 1.66 - 2.04%Expected dividend yield— — —The estimated fair value of non-employee stock options was calculated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model, based on the following assumptions: Year Ended December 31, 2016 2015 2014Weighted-average volatility52.77 - 65.85% 64.72 - 74.48% 73.20 - 74.48%Weighted-average expected term (years)7.80 - 8.56 7.92 - 10.00 8.75 - 10.00Risk-free interest rate1.39 - 2.30% 1.78 - 2.29% 2.09 - 2.20%Expected dividend yield— — —The estimated grant date fair value of the ESPP shares was calculated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model, based on the following assumptions: Year Ended December 31, 2016 2015Weighted-average volatility46.38 - 75.72% 53.57 - 58.10%Weighted-average expected term (years)0.50 - 1.00 0.49 - 0.99Risk-free interest rate0.40 - 0.50% 0.17 - 0.33%Expected dividend yield— —81Table of Contents11. Genzyme Co-Promotion AgreementIn January 2012, the Company and Genzyme Corporation ("Genzyme") executed a co-promotion agreement for the co-exclusive rights and license topromote and market the Company's Afirma thyroid diagnostic solution in the United States and in 40 named countries. In exchange, the Company received a $10.0million upfront co-promotion fee from Genzyme in February 2012. Under the terms of the agreement, Genzyme received a percentage of U.S. cash receipts that theCompany has received related to Afirma as co-promotion fees. The percentage was 50% in 2012, 40% from January 2013 through February 2014, and 32%beginning in February 2014.In November 2014, the Company signed an Amended and Restated U.S. Co-Promotion Agreement ("Amended Agreement") with Genzyme. Under theAmended Agreement, the co-promotion fees Genzyme receives as a percentage of U.S. cash receipts were reduced from 32% to 15% beginning January 1, 2015.Through August 11, 2014, the Company amortized the $10.0 million upfront co-promotion fee on a straight-line basis over a four -year period, which wasmanagement's estimate of the life of the agreement, in part because after that period either party could have terminated the agreement without penalty. EffectiveAugust 12, 2014, the Company extended the amortization period from January 2016 to June 2016, the modified earliest period either party could terminate theagreement without penalty. The Company accounted for the change in accounting estimate prospectively. The agreement was terminable by either party with sixmonths prior notice, however, under the Amended Agreement, neither party could terminate the agreement for convenience prior to June 30, 2016. The agreementwith Genzyme was to expire in 2027. On March 9, 2016, the Company gave Genzyme notice of termination of the Amended Agreement effective September 9,2016 and the amortization of the upfront co-promotion fee was further extended to that date. The extension of the amortization period had no impact on theCompany's 2016 financial statements on an annual basis.In February 2015, the Company entered into an Ex-U.S. Co-promotion Agreement with Genzyme for the promotion of the Afirma GEC test with exclusivityin five countries outside the United States initially and in other countries agreed to from time to time. The agreement commenced on January 1, 2015 and continuesuntil December 31, 2019, with extension of the agreement possible upon agreement of the parties. Country-specific terms have been established under thisagreement for Brazil and Singapore and a right of first negotiation has been established for Canada, the Netherlands and Italy. The Company pays Genzyme 25%of net revenue from the sale of the Afirma GEC test in Brazil and Singapore over a five -year period commencing January 1, 2015. These payments have beenimmaterial for all periods presented. Beginning in the fourth year of the agreement, if the Company terminates the agreement for convenience, the Company maybe required to pay a termination fee contingent on the number of GEC billable results generated during the 12 months immediately prior to the notice oftermination.The Company incurred $6.1 million , $7.3 million and $12.0 million in co-promotion expense, excluding the amortization of the upfront co-promotion fee, inthe years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively, which is included in selling and marketing expenses in the statements of operations andcomprehensive loss. The Company had no obligation to Genzyme at December 31, 2016 compared to $2.1 million at December 31, 2015, which is included inaccrued liabilities on the Company's balance sheets.The Company amortized $0.9 million , $1.9 million and $2.3 million of the $10.0 million upfront co-promotion fee in the years ended December 31, 2016,2015 and 2014, respectively, which is reflected as a reduction to selling and marketing expenses in the statements of operations and comprehensive loss.12. Thyroid Cytopathology PartnersIn 2010, the Company entered into an arrangement with Pathology Resource Consultants, P.A. ("PRC") to set up and manage a specialized pathologypractice to provide testing services to the Company. There is no direct monetary compensation from the Company to PRC as a result of this arrangement. TheCompany's service agreement is with the specialized pathology practice, Thyroid Cytopathology Partners, ("TCP"), and was effective through December 31, 2015,and thereafter automatically renews every year unless either party provides notice of intent not to renew at least 12 months prior to the end of the then-current term.Under the service agreement, the Company pays TCP based on a fixed price per test schedule, which is reviewed periodically for changes in market pricing.Subsequent to December 2012, an amendment to the service agreement allows TCP to sublease a portion of the Company's facility in Austin, Texas. The Companydoes not have an ownership interest in or provide any form of financial or other support to TCP.82Table of ContentsVERACYTE, INC.Notes to Financial Statements (Continued)The Company has concluded that TCP represents a variable interest entity and that the Company is not the primary beneficiary as it does not have the abilityto direct the activities that most significantly impact TCP's economic performance. Therefore, the Company does not consolidate TCP. All amounts paid to TCPunder the service agreement are expensed as incurred and included in cost of revenue in the statements of operations and comprehensive loss. The Companyincurred $5.1 million , $4.7 million and $4.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2016 , 2015 and 2014 , respectively, in cytopathology testing and evaluationservices expenses with TCP. The Company's outstanding obligations to TCP for cytopathology testing services were $426,000 and $820,000 as of December 31,2016 and 2015 , respectively, and are included in accounts payable in the Company's balance sheets.TCP reimburses the Company for TCP's proportionate share of the Company's rent and related operating expenses for the leased facility. TCP's portion ofrent and related operating expenses for the shared space at the Austin, Texas facility was $103,000 , $90,000 and $86,000 for the years ended December 31, 2016 ,2015 and 2014 and is included other income, net in the Company's statements of operations and comprehensive loss.13. Income TaxesThe Company generated a pretax loss of $31.4 million , $33.7 million and $29.4 million in the United States for the years ended December 31, 2016 , 2015and 2014 , respectively. Since inception, the Company has not generated any pretax income or loss outside of the United States. The Company recorded noprovision for income taxes during the years ended December 31, 2016 , 2015 or 2014 .The Company follows FASB ASC No. 740, Income Taxes for the Computation and Presentation of its Tax Provision. The following table presents areconciliation of the tax expense computed at the statutory federal rate and the Company's tax expense for the periods presented (in thousands of dollars): Year Ended December, 31, 2016 2015 2014U.S. federal taxes at statutory rate$(10,662) $(11,459) $(9,987)State tax (net of federal benefit)20 (30) 5Permanent differences153 96 64Incentive stock options1,095 789 672Tax credits(677) (581) (461)Change in valuation allowance10,071 11,185 9,707Total$— $— $—83Table of ContentsVERACYTE, INC.Notes to Financial Statements (Continued)13. Income Taxes (Continued)Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reportingpurposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes. Significant components of the Company's deferred tax assets and liabilities are as follows (in thousands ofdollars): Year Ended December 31, 2016 2015 2014Deferred tax assets: Net operating loss carryforwards$61,674 $52,262 $41,971Research and development credits3,174 2,497 1,916Stock-based compensation2,847 1,825 826Genzyme co-promotion agreement— 330 995Accruals, deferred rent and other4,511 4,698 3,381Gross deferred tax assets72,206 61,612 49,089Valuation allowance(65,975) (55,101) (43,439)Net deferred tax assets6,231 6,511 5,650Deferred tax liabilities: Property and equipment(1,180) (1,215) (60)In-process research and development(5,051) (5,296) (5,590)Gross deferred tax liabilities(6,231) (6,511) (5,650)Net deferred tax liabilities(6,231) (6,511) (5,650)Net deferred taxes$— $— $—In November 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-17, Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Taxes , related to balance sheet classification of deferred taxes.The ASU requires that deferred tax assets and liabilities be classified as noncurrent in the statement of financial position, thereby simplifying the guidance thatrequired an entity to separate deferred assets and liabilities into current and noncurrent amounts, and was effective for the Company beginning in the first quarter of2016. The Company early-adopted the ASU as of December 31, 2015 and its statement of financial position as of this date reflects the revised classification ofcurrent deferred tax assets and liabilities as noncurrent.The Company has established a full valuation allowance against its net deferred tax assets due to the uncertainty surrounding realization of such assets. Thevaluation allowance increased $10.9 million , $11.7 million and $10.6 million during the years ended December 31, 2016 , 2015 and 2014 , respectively.As of December 31, 2016 , the Company had net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $169.1 million and $84.2 million available to reduce futuretaxable income, if any, for federal and state income tax purposes, respectively. Of these amounts, $1.6 million represent federal and state excess tax deductionsfrom stock-based compensation, which will be recorded as an adjustment to additional paid-in capital when they reduce tax payable. The U.S. federal net operatingloss carryforwards will begin to expire in 2026 while for state purposes, the net operating losses began to expire in 2016.As of December 31, 2016 , the Company had net credit carryforwards of approximately $3.3 million and $2.7 million available to reduce future taxableincome, if any, for federal and state income tax purposes, respectively. The federal credit carryforwards begin to expire in 2028 . California credits have noexpiration date. Other state credit carryforwards begin to expire in 2023 .On December 18, 2015, The Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2014 was signed into law, which retroactively reinstated and made permanent the federalresearch tax credit provisions from January 1, 2015 through December 31, 2015.The Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, imposes restrictions on the utilization of net operating losses and tax credits in the event of an "ownershipchange" of a corporation. Accordingly, a company's ability to use net operating losses and tax credits may be limited as prescribed under Internal Revenue CodeSection 382 and 383 ("IRC Section 382"). Events which may cause limitations in the amount of the net operating losses or tax credits that the Company may use inany one year include, but are not84Table of ContentsVERACYTE, INC.Notes to Financial Statements (Continued)13. Income Taxes (Continued)limited to, a cumulative ownership change of more than 50% over a three-year period. Utilization of the federal and state net operating losses may be subject tosubstantial annual limitation due to the ownership change limitations provided by the IRC Section 382 rules and similar state provisions. In the event the Companyhas any changes in ownership, net operating losses and research and development credit carryovers could be limited and may expire unutilized.Uncertain Tax PositionsAs of December 31, 2016 , the Company had unrecognized tax benefits of $2.2 million , none of which would currently affect the Company's effective taxrate if recognized due to the Company's deferred tax assets being fully offset by a valuation allowance. The Company does not anticipate that the amount ofunrecognized tax benefits relating to tax positions existing at December 31, 2016 will significantly increase or decrease within the next 12 months.A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits is as follows (in thousands of dollars): Year Ended December 31, 2016 2015 2014Unrecognized tax benefits, beginning of period$1,871 $1,571 $727Gross increases—tax position in prior period— — 548Gross decreases—tax position in prior period— — —Gross increases—current period tax position351 300 296Lapse of statute of limitations— — —Unrecognized tax benefits, end of period$2,222 $1,871 $1,571It is the Company's policy to include penalties and interest expense related to income taxes as a component of other income (expense), net, and interestexpense, respectively, as necessary. There was no interest expense or penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits recorded through December 31, 2016 .The Company's major tax jurisdictions are the United States and California. All of the Company's tax years will remain open for examination by the Federaland state tax authorities for three and four years , respectively, from the date of utilization of the net operating loss or research and development credit. TheCompany does not have any tax audits pending.14. 401(k) PlanThe Company sponsors a 401(k) defined contribution plan covering all employees. Employer contributions to the plan were $262,000 and $103,000 for theyears ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 , respectively. There were no employer contributions to the plan for the year ended December 31, 2014 .15. Selected Quarterly Financial Data (Unaudited)The following table presents selected unaudited financial data for each of the eight quarters in the two-year period ended December 31, 2016 . The Companybelieves this information reflects all recurring adjustments necessary to fairly present this information when read in conjunction with the Company's financialstatements and the related notes. Net loss per common share, basic and diluted, for the four quarters of each fiscal year may not sum to the total for the fiscal yearbecause of the different number of shares outstanding during each period. The results of operations for any quarter are not necessarily indicative of the results to beexpected for any future period (in thousands of dollars, except for share and per share data):85Table of ContentsQuarter EndedMarch 31 June 30 September 30 December 312016: Revenue$13,550 $14,675 $18,603 $18,257Net loss(10,075) (11,243) (5,637) (4,403)Net loss per common share, basic and diluted(0.36) (0.40) (0.20) (0.14)Shares used to compute net loss per common share, basic and diluted27,817,993 27,859,918 27,916,819 31,705,6032015: Revenue$11,218 $11,908 $12,335 $14,042Net loss(7,610) (9,136) (8,945) (8,013)Net loss per common share, basic and diluted(0.34) (0.35) (0.32) (0.29)Shares used to compute net loss per common share, basic and diluted22,539,723 26,048,934 27,640,806 27,672,806ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURENot applicable.ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURESEvaluation of Disclosure Controls and ProceduresWe maintain "disclosure controls and procedures," as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, or Exchange Act,that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed,summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in Securities and Exchange Commission rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated andcommunicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding requireddisclosure. In designing and evaluating our disclosure controls and procedures, management recognized that disclosure controls and procedures, no matter howwell conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the disclosure controls and procedures are met. Ourdisclosure controls and procedures have been designed to meet reasonable assurance standards. Additionally, in designing disclosure controls and procedures, ourmanagement necessarily was required to apply its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible disclosure controls and procedures. The design ofany disclosure controls and procedures also is based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that anydesign will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions.Based on their evaluation as of the end of the period covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officerhave concluded that, as of such date, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at the reasonable assurance level.Management's Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial ReportingOur management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under theExchange Act. Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Projections of any evaluationof the effectiveness of internal control to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that thedegree of compliance with policies or procedures may deteriorate. Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our ChiefExecutive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31,2016 using the criteria established in Internal Control Integrated Framework ("2013 Framework") issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of theTreadway Commission ("COSO").86Table of ContentsBased on our evaluation using those criteria, our management has concluded that, as of December 31, 2016, our internal control over financial reporting waseffective to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes inaccordance with generally accepted accounting principles.This Annual Report on Form 10-K does not include an attestation report of our registered public accounting firm on our internal control over financialreporting due to an exemption established by the JOBS Act for "emerging growth companies."Changes in Internal Control over Financial ReportingThere were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act) identified inconnection with the evaluation identified above that occurred during the quarter ended December 31, 2016 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely tomaterially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATIONNone.87Table of ContentsPART IIIITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCEThe information required by this item with respect to directors is incorporated by reference from the information under the caption “Election of Directors,”contained in our proxy statement to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission no later than 120 days from the end of our fiscal year endedDecember 31, 2016 in connection with the solicitation of proxies for our 2017 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, or the Proxy Statement. Certain informationrequired by this item concerning executive officers is set forth in Part I of this Report under the caption “Executive Officers of the Registrant” and is incorporatedherein by reference.There have been no material changes to the procedures by which stockholders may recommend nominees to our Board of Directors.Item 405 of Regulation S-K calls for disclosure of any known late filing or failure by an insider to file a report required by Section 16(a) of the ExchangeAct. This disclosure is contained in the section entitled “Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance” in the Proxy Statement and is incorporatedherein by reference.We have adopted a Code of Business Conduct and Ethics that applies to all of our officers and employees, including our Chairman, President and ChiefExecutive Officer, our Chief Financial Officer and other employees who perform financial or accounting functions. The Code of Business Conduct and Ethics setsforth the basic principles that guide the business conduct of our employees. We have also adopted a Senior Financial Officers’ Code of Ethics that specificallyapplies to our Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer, our Chief Financial Officer, and key management employees. Stockholders may request a freecopy of our Code of Business Conduct and Ethics and our Senior Financial Officers’ Code of Ethics by contacting Veracyte, Inc., Attention: Chief FinancialOfficer, 6000 Shoreline Court, Suite 300, South San Francisco, California 94080.To date, there have been no waivers under our Code of Business Conduct and Ethics or Senior Financial Officers’ Code of Ethics. We intend to disclosefuture amendments to certain provisions of our Code of Business Conduct and Ethics or Senior Financial Officers’ Code of Ethics or waivers of such Codesgranted to executive officers and directors on our website at http://www.veracyte.com within four business days following the date of such amendment or waiver.Our Board of Directors has appointed an Audit Committee, comprised of Ms. Karin Eastham, as Chairwoman, Dr. Fred E. Cohen and Kevin K. Gordon. TheBoard of Directors has determined that Ms. Eastham qualifies as an Audit Committee Financial Expert under the definition outlined by the Securities andExchange Commission. In addition, each of the members of the Audit Committee qualifies as an "independent director" under the current rules of The NASDAQStock Market and Securities and Exchange Commission rules and regulations.ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATIONThe information required by this item is incorporated by reference from the information under the captions “Election of Directors-Director Compensation”and “Executive Compensation” contained in the Proxy Statement.ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERSThe information required by this item is incorporated by reference to the disclosure appearing under the headings “Security Ownership of Certain BeneficialOwners and Management” and “Executive Compensation-Equity Compensation Plan Information” contained in the Proxy Statement.ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCEThe information required by this item is incorporated by reference from the information under the caption “Election of Directors-Certain Relationships andRelated Transactions” and “-Director Independence” contained in the Proxy Statement.ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICESThe information required by this item is incorporated by reference from the information under the caption “Ratification of the Appointment of IndependentRegistered Public Accounting Firm” contained in the Proxy Statement.88Table of ContentsPART IVITEM 15. EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES(a)Documents filed as part of this report1. Financial Statements:Reference is made to the Index to Financial Statements of Veracyte, Inc. included in Item 8 of Part II hereof.2. Financial Statement SchedulesAll schedules have been omitted because they are not required, not applicable, or the required information is included in the financial statements or notesthereto.3. ExhibitsSee Item 15(b) below. Each management contract or compensating plan or arrangement required to be filed has been identified.(b)ExhibitsExhibitNumber Description3.1 Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Registrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant's Current Report onForm 8-K filed November 8, 2013). 3.2 Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Registrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-Kfiled November 8, 2013). 4.1 Form of Common Stock Certificate (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form S-1 (FileNo. 333-191282), as amended, declared effective on October 29, 2013). 4.2 Second Amended and Restated Investors Rights Agreement, dated November 6, 2012, between the Registrant and certain investors(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-191282), as amended,declared effective on October 29, 2013). 4.3 Amendment to Second Amended and Restated Investors Rights Agreement, dated June 14, 2013, between the Registrant and certaininvestors (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 to the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-191282), asamended, declared effective on October 29, 2013). 10.1#Form of Indemnification Agreement between the Registrant and its officers and directors (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to theRegistrant's Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-191282), as amended, declared effective on October 29, 2013). 10.2#2008 Stock Plan and forms of agreements thereunder (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant's Registration Statementon Form S-1 (File No. 333-191282), as amended, declared effective on October 29, 2013). 10.3#2013 Stock Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-191282), as amended, declared effective on October 29, 2013). 89Table of ContentsExhibitNumber Description10.4# *Forms of agreements under the 2013 Stock Incentive Plan. 10.5#Veracyte, Inc. Employee Stock Purchase Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended June 30, 2015, as amended). 10.6 Lease Agreement between Riata Holdings, L.P., as landlord, and the Registrant, as tenant, dated November 28, 2012 (incorporated byreference to Exhibit 10.6 to the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-191282), as amended, declared effective onOctober 29, 2013). 10.7 First Amendment to Lease Agreement dated as of January 7, 2014 by and between Riata Holdings, L.P. and the Registrant (incorporatedby reference to Exhibit 10.7 to the Registrant's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2013 filed March 20, 2014). 10.8 Office Building Lease by and between American Fund US Investments LP and the Registrant dated April 29, 2015 (incorporated byreference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended June 30, 2015, as amended). 10.9*First Amendment to Office Building Lease dated May 3, 2016 by and between American Fund US Investments LP and the Registrant. 10.10*Second Amendment to Office Building Lease dated February 8, 2017 by and between CRP 6000 Shoreline, L.L.C. and the Registrant. 10.11#Employment Agreement, dated as of February 15, 2008, between Bonnie Anderson and the Registrant (incorporated by reference toExhibit 10.10 to the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333- 191282), as amended, declared effective onOctober 29, 2013). 10.12#Amendment to Bonnie Anderson Employment Agreement, dated as of December 22, 2008, between Bonnie Anderson and the Registrant(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.11 to the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-191282), as amended,declared effective on October 29, 2013). 10.13#Amendment No. 2 to Bonnie Anderson Employment Agreement, effective as of March 11, 2009, between Bonnie Anderson and theRegistrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.12 to the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-191282), asamended, declared effective on October 29, 2013). 10.14#Amended and Restated Change of Control and Severance Agreement, effective as of May 14, 2015, between Bonnie Anderson and theRegistrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period endedMarch 31, 2015, as amended). 10.15#Amended and Restated Change of Control and Severance Agreement, effective as of May 14, 2015, between Christopher Hall and theRegistrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Registrant's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period endedMarch 31, 2015, as amended). 10.16#Amended and Restated Change of Control and Severance Agreement, effective as of May 14, 2015, between Shelly Guyer and theRegistrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period endedMarch 31, 2015, as amended). 10.17#Amended and Restated Change of Control and Severance Agreement, effective as of May 14, 2015, between Julie Brooks and theRegistrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Registrant's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period endedMarch 31, 2015, as amended). 10.18# *Change of Control and Severance Agreement, effective as of February 15, 2017, between Keith Kennedy and the Registrant. 90Table of ContentsExhibitNumber Description10.19#Offer Letter dated as of April 8, 2013 with Shelly D. Guyer (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.17 to the Registrant's RegistrationStatement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-191282), as amended, declared effective on October 29, 2013). 10.20#Offer Letter dated as of January 28, 2010 with Christopher M. Hall (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.18 to the Registrant'sRegistration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-191282), as amended, declared effective on October 29, 2013). 10.21†Pathology Services Agreement dated as of November 12, 2010 between Brazos Valley Pathology, P.A. D/B/A Reitpath and the Registrant(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.19 to the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-191282), as amended,declared effective on October 29, 2013). 10.22 Approval of the Registrant to the Assignment of the Pathology Services Agreement with Brazos Valley Pathology to ThyroidCytopathology Partners, P.A. as of May 18, 2011 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.20 to the Registrant's Registration Statement onForm S-1 (File No. 333-191282), as amended, declared effective on October 29, 2013). 10.23 First Amendment to Pathology Services Agreement dated as of December 19, 2012 between Thyroid Cytopathology Partners, P.A. and theRegistrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.21 to the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-191282), asamended, declared effective on October 29, 2013). 10.24 Second Amendment to Pathology Services Agreement dated as of January 1, 2014 by and between the Registrant and ThyroidCytopathology Partners, P.A. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.23 to the Registrant's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the yearended December 31, 2013). 10.25†Ex-U.S. Co-Promotion Agreement between the Registrant and Genzyme Corporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.26 to theRegistrant's Annual Report Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015, as amended). 10.26 Credit Agreement dated as of March 25, 2016 by and among Veracyte, Inc. as Borrower, Visium Healthcare Partners, LP, asAdministrative Agent, the Guarantors from time to time party thereto and the Lenders from time to time party thereto (incorporated byreference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended March 31, 2016). 10.27 Security Agreement dated March 30, 2016 between Veracyte, Inc. and Visium Healthcare Partners, LP, as Administrative Agent(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended March 31,2016). 10.28 Pledge Agreement dated March 30, 2016 between Veracyte, Inc. and Visium Healthcare Partners, LP, as Administrative Agent(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended March 31,2016). 10.29 Letter agreement regarding potential opportunity to purchase common equity interests dated March 30, 2016 between Veracyte, Inc. andVisium Healthcare Partners, LP (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for thequarterly period ended March 31, 2016). 10.30*First Amendment to Credit Agreement dated as of December 14, 2016 by and among Veracyte, Inc. as Borrower, Visium HealthcarePartners, LP, as Administrative Agent, the Guarantors from time to time party thereto and the Lenders from time to time party thereto. 12.1*Statement Regarding Computation of Ratios. 23.1*Consent of independent registered public accounting firm. 24.1*Power of Attorney (see the signature page of this Annual Report on Form 10-K).91Table of ContentsExhibitNumber Description 31.1*Principal Executive Officer's Certification Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. 31.2*Principal Financial Officer's Certification Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. 32.1* **Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350 (Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002). 32.2* **Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350 (Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002). 101.INS XBRL Instance Document 101.SCH XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema 101.CAL XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase 101.DEF XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase 101.LAB XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase 101.PRE XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase _____________________________________________† Confidential treatment has been granted with respect to certain portions of this Exhibit. # Indicates management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement. * Filed herewith. ** In accordance with Item 601(b)(32)(ii) of Regulation S-K and SEC Release No. 34-47986, the certifications furnished in Exhibits 32.1 and32.2 hereto are deemed to accompany this Form 10-K and will not be deemed "filed" for purposes of Section 18 of the SecuritiesExchange Act of 1934 (the "Exchange Act") or deemed to be incorporated by reference into any filing under the Exchange Act or theSecurities Act of 1933 except to the extent that the registrant specifically incorporates it by reference.Copies of the above exhibits not contained herein are available to any stockholder, upon payment of a reasonable per page fee, upon written request to: ChiefFinancial Officer, Veracyte, Inc., 6000 Shoreline Court, Suite 300, South San Francisco, California 94080.(c)Financial Statement SchedulesReference is made to Item 15(a) 2 above.92Table of ContentsITEM 16. FORM 10-K SUMMARYNot applicable.SIGNATURESPursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on itsbehalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized. VERACYTE, INC. By:/s/ BONNIE H. ANDERSON Bonnie H. AndersonChairman and Chief Executive OfficerDate: March 1, 2017POWER OF ATTORNEYKNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENT, that each person whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints Bonnie H. Anderson and Keith S.Kennedy, and each of them, his true and lawful attorneys-in-fact, each with full power of substitution, for him or her in any and all capacities, to sign anyamendments to this annual report on Form 10-K and to file the same, with exhibits thereto and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities andExchange Commission, hereby ratifying and confirming all that each of said attorneys-in-fact or their substitute or substitutes may do or cause to be done by virtuehereof.Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons, on behalf of the registranton the dates and the capacities indicated.Signature Title Date /s/ BONNIE H. ANDERSON Chairman and Chief Executive Officer (PrincipalExecutive Officer) March 1, 2017Bonnie H. Anderson /s/ KEITH S. KENNEDY Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial andAccounting Officer) March 1, 2017Keith S. Kennedy /s/ JOHN L. BISHOP Lead Independent Director March 1, 2017John L. Bishop /s/ FRED E. COHEN, M.D., D.PHIL. Director March 1, 2017Fred E. Cohen, M.D., D.Phil. /s/ KARIN EASTHAM Director March 1, 2017Karin Eastham /s/ ROBERT S. EPSTEIN Director March 1, 2017Robert S. Epstein /s/ KEVIN K. GORDON Director March 1, 2017Kevin K. Gordon /s/ EVAN JONES Director March 1, 2017Evan Jones /s/ TINA S. NOVA, PH.D. Director March 1, 2017Tina S. Nova, Ph.D. /s/ JESSE I. TREU, PH.D. Director March 1, 2017Jesse I. Treu, Ph.D. 93Exhibit 10.4VERACYTE, INC.2013 STOCK INCENTIVE PLANNOTICE OF STOCK OPTION GRANTYou have been granted the following Option to purchase Common Stock of Veracyte, Inc. (the “Company”) under theCompany’s 2013 Stock Incentive Plan (the “Plan”):Name of Optionee:[Name of Optionee]Total Number of Option Shares Granted:[Total Number of Shares]Type of Option:□ Incentive Stock Option □ Nonstatutory Stock OptionExercise Price Per Share:$ Grant Date:[Date of Grant]Vesting Commencement Date:[Vesting Commencement Date]Vesting Schedule:[This Option becomes exercisable with respect to the first 1/4th of the Sharessubject to this Option when you complete 12 months of continuous Service as anEmployee or a Consultant from the Vesting Commencement Date. Thereafter,this Option becomes exercisable with respect to an additional 1/48th of theShares subject to this Option when you complete each additional month of suchService.] [Vesting TBD by Bd or comm.]Expiration Date:[Expiration Date] This Option expires earlier if your Service terminates earlier,as described in the Stock Option Agreement.By your signature and the signature of the Company’s representative below, you and the Company agree that this Option is granted under andgoverned by the term and conditions of the Plan and the Stock Option Agreement (the “Agreement”), both of which are attached to and made a part ofthis document.By signing this document you further agree that the Company may deliver by e-mail all documents relating to the Plan or this Award (includingwithout limitation, prospectuses required by the Securities and Exchange Commission) and all other documents that the Company is required to deliverto its security holders (including without limitation, annual reports and proxy statements). You also agree that the Company may deliver these documentsby posting them on a website maintained by the Company or by a third party under contract with the Company. If the Company posts these documentson a website, it will notify you by e-mail.OPTIONEE:Veracyte, Inc. By: Optionee’s Signature Title: Optionee’s Printed Name VERACYTE, INC.2013 STOCK INCENTIVE PLANSTOCK OPTION AGREEMENTTax TreatmentThis Option is intended to be an incentive stock option under Section 422 of the Internal Revenue Code or a nonstatutoryoption, as provided in the Notice of Stock Option Grant. Even if this Option is designated as an incentive stock option, it shallbe deemed to be a nonstatutory option to the extent required by the $100,000 annual limitation under Section 422(d) of theInternal Revenue Code.VestingThis Option becomes exercisable in installments, as shown in the Notice of Stock Option Grant. This Option will in no eventbecome exercisable for additional Shares after your Service as an Employee or a Consultant has terminated for any reason.TermThis Option expires in any event at the close of business at Company headquarters on the day before the 10th anniversary ofthe Grant Date, as shown on the Notice of Stock Option Grant (fifth anniversary for a more than 10% shareholder as providedunder the Plan if this is an incentive stock option). This Option may expire earlier if your Service terminates, as describedbelow.Regular TerminationIf your Service terminates for any reason except death or “Total and Permanent Disability” (as defined in the Plan), then thisOption will expire at the close of business at Company headquarters on the date three (3) months after the date your Serviceterminates (or, if earlier, the Expiration Date). The Company determines when your Service terminates for this purpose andall purposes under the Plan and its determinations are conclusive and binding on all persons.DeathIf your Service terminates because of death, then this Option will expire at the close of business at Company headquarters onthe date 12 months after the date your Service terminates (or, if earlier, the Expiration Date). During that period of up to 12months, your estate or heirs may exercise the Option.DisabilityIf your Service terminates because of your Total and Permanent Disability, then this Option will expire at the close ofbusiness at Company headquarters on the date 12 months after the date your Service terminates (or, if earlier, the ExpirationDate).Leaves of AbsenceFor purposes of this Option, your Service does not terminate when you go on a military leave, a sick leave or another bonafide leave of absence, if the leave was approved by the Company in writing and if continued crediting of Service is requiredby the terms of the leave or by applicable law. But your Service terminates when the approved leave ends, unless youimmediately return to active work. If you go on a leave of absence, then the vesting schedule specified in the Notice of Stock Option Grant may be adjusted inaccordance with the Company’s leave of absence policy or the terms of your leave. Notwithstanding the foregoing, except asotherwise required by applicable laws, vesting of this Option will be suspended during any unpaid leave of absence. If youcommence working on a part-time basis, then the vesting schedule specified in the Notice of Stock Option Grant may beadjusted in accordance with the Company’s part-time work policy or the terms of an agreement between you and theCompany pertaining to your part-time schedule.Restrictions on ExerciseThe Company will not permit you to exercise this Option if the issuance of Shares at that time would violate any law orregulation. The inability of the Company to obtain approval from any regulatory body having authority deemed by theCompany to be necessary to the lawful issuance and sale of the Company stock pursuant to this Option shall relieve theCompany of any liability with respect to the non-issuance or sale of the Company stock as to which such approval shall nothave been obtained.Notice of ExerciseWhen you wish to exercise this Option you must provide a notice of exercise form in accordance with such procedures as areestablished by the Company and communicated to you from time to time. Any notice of exercise must specify how manyShares you wish to purchase and how your Shares should be registered. The notice of exercise will be effective when it isreceived by the Company. If someone else wants to exercise this Option after your death, that person must prove to theCompany’s satisfaction that he or she is entitled to do so.Form of PaymentWhen you submit your notice of exercise, you must include payment of the Option exercise price for the Shares you arepurchasing. Payment may be made in the following form(s): *Your personal check, a cashier’s check or a money order. *Certificates for Shares that you own, along with any forms needed to effect a transfer of those Shares to the Company.The value of the Shares, determined as of the effective date of the Option exercise, will be applied to the Option exerciseprice. Instead of surrendering Shares, you may attest to the ownership of those Shares on a form provided by theCompany and have the same number of Shares subtracted from the Shares issued to you upon exercise of the Option.However, you may not surrender or attest to the ownership of Shares in payment of the exercise price if your actionwould cause the Company to recognize a compensation expense (or additional compensation expense) with respect tothis Option for financial reporting purposes. *By delivery on a form approved by the Company of an irrevocable direction to a securities broker approved by theCompany to sell all or part of the Shares that are issued to you when you exercise this Option and to deliver to theCompany from the sale proceeds an amount sufficient to pay the Option exercise price and any withholding taxes. Thebalance of the sale proceeds, if any, will be delivered to you. The directions must be given by providing a notice ofexercise form approved by the Company. *By delivery on a form approved by the Company of an irrevocable direction to a securities broker or lender approved bythe Company to pledge Shares that are issued to you when you exercise this Option as security for a loan and to deliverto the Company from the loan proceeds an amount sufficient to pay the Option exercise price and any withholding taxes.The directions must be given by providing a notice of exercise form approved by the Company. *If permitted by the Committee, by a “net exercise” arrangement pursuant to which the number of Shares issuable uponexercise of the Option shall be reduced by the largest whole number of Shares having an aggregate Fair Market Valuethat does not exceed the aggregate exercise price (plus tax withholdings, if applicable) and any remaining balance of theaggregate exercise price (and/or applicable tax withholdings) not satisfied by such reduction in the number of wholeShares to be issued shall be paid by you in cash other form of payment permitted under this Option. The directions mustbe given by providing a notice of exercise form approved by the Company. *Any other form permitted by the Committee in its sole discretion. Notwithstanding the foregoing, payment may not be made in any form that is unlawful, as determined by the Committee in itssole discretion.Withholding Taxes and StockWithholdingRegardless of any action the Company or your actual employer (the “Employer”) takes with respect to any or all income tax,social insurance, payroll tax, payment on account or other tax-related withholding (“Tax-Related Items”), you acknowledgethat the ultimate liability for all Tax-Related Items legally due by you is and remains your responsibility and that theCompany and/or the Employer (1) make no representations or undertakings regarding the treatment of any Tax-Related Itemsin connection with any aspect of the Option grant, including the grant, vesting or exercise of the Option, the subsequent saleof Shares acquired pursuant to such exercise and the receipt of any dividends; and (2) do not commit to structure the terms ofthe grant or any aspect of the Option to reduce or eliminate your liability for Tax-Related Items.Prior to exercise of the Option, you shall pay or make adequate arrangements satisfactory to the Company and/or theEmployer to satisfy all withholding and payment on account obligations of the Company and/or the Employer. In this regard,you authorize the Company and/or the Employer to withhold all applicable Tax-Related Items legally payable by you fromyour wages or other cash compensation paid to you by the Company and/or the Employer. With the Company’s consent,these arrangements may also include, if permissible under local law, (a) withholding Shares that otherwise would be issued toyou when you exercise this Option, provided that the Company only withholds the amount of Shares necessary to satisfy theminimum statutory withholding amount, (b) having the Company withhold taxes from the proceeds of the sale of the Shares,either through a voluntary sale or through a mandatory sale arranged by the Company (on your behalf pursuant to thisauthorization), or (c) any other arrangement approved by the Company. The Fair Market Value of these Shares, determined asof the effective date of the Option exercise, will be applied as a credit against the withholding taxes. Finally, you shall pay tothe Company or the Employer any amount of Tax-Related Items that the Company or the Employer may be required towithhold as a result of your participation in the Plan or your purchase of Shares that cannot be satisfied by the meanspreviously described. The Company may refuse to honor the exercise and refuse to deliver the Shares if you fail to complywith your obligations in connection with the Tax-Related Items as described in this section.Restrictions on ResaleYou agree not to sell any Shares at a time when applicable laws, Company policies or an agreement between the Companyand its underwriters prohibit a sale. This restriction will apply as long as your Service continues and for such period of timeafter the termination of your Service as the Company may specify.Transfer of OptionIn general, only you can exercise this Option prior to your death. You may not sell, transfer, assign, pledge or otherwisedispose of this Option, other than as designated by you by will or by the laws of descent and distribution, except as providedbelow. For instance, you may not use this Option as security for a loan. If you attempt to do any of these things, this Optionwill immediately become invalid. You may in any event dispose of this Option in your will. Regardless of any maritalproperty settlement agreement, the Company is not obligated to honor a notice of exercise from your former spouse, nor is theCompany obligated to recognize your former spouse’s interest in your Option in any other way. However, if this Option is designated as a nonstatutory stock option in the Notice of Stock Option Grant, then the Committeemay, in its sole discretion, allow you to transfer this Option as a gift to one or more family members. For purposes of thisAgreement, “family member” means a child, stepchild, grandchild, parent, stepparent, grandparent, spouse, former spouse,sibling, niece, nephew, mother-in-law, father-in-law, son-in-law, daughter-in-law, brother-in-law, or sister-in-law (includingadoptive relationships), any individual sharing your household (other than a tenant or employee), a trust in which one or moreof these individuals have more than 50% of the beneficial interest, a foundation in which you or one or more of these personscontrol the management of assets, and any entity in which you or one or more of these persons own more than 50% of thevoting interest. In addition, if this Option is designated as a nonstatutory stock option in the Notice of Stock Option Grant, then theCommittee may, in its sole discretion, allow you to transfer this option to your spouse or former spouse pursuant to a domesticrelations order in settlement of marital property rights. The Committee will allow you to transfer this Option only if both you and the transferee(s) execute the forms prescribed bythe Committee, which include the consent of the transferee(s) to be bound by this Agreement.Retention RightsNeither your Option nor this Agreement gives you the right to be employed or retained by the Company or a subsidiary of theCompany in any capacity. The Company and its subsidiaries reserve the right to terminate your Service at any time, with orwithout cause.Shareholder RightsYour Options carry neither voting rights nor rights to dividends. You, or your estate or heirs, have no rights as a shareholderof the Company unless and until you have exercised this Option by giving the required notice to the Company and paying theexercise price. No adjustments will be made for dividends or other rights if the applicable record date occurs before youexercise this Option, except as described in the Plan.AdjustmentsThe number of Shares covered by this Option and the exercise price per Share shall be subject to adjustment in the event of astock split, a stock dividend or a similar change in Company Shares, and in other circumstances, as set forth in the Plan.Successors and AssignsExcept as otherwise provided in the Plan or this Agreement, every term of this Agreement shall be binding upon and inure tothe benefit of the parties hereto and their respective heirs, legatees, legal representatives, successors, transferees and assigns.NoticeAny notice required or permitted under this Agreement shall be given in writing and shall be deemed effectively given uponthe earliest of personal delivery, receipt or the third full day following mailing with postage and fees prepaid, addressed to theother party hereto at the address last known in the Company’s records or at such other address as such party may designate byten (10) days’ advance written notice to the other party hereto.Applicable LawThis Agreement will be interpreted and enforced under the laws of the State of California (without regard to their choice-of-law provisions).MiscellaneousYou understand and acknowledge that (i) the Plan is entirely discretionary, (ii) the Company and your employer have reservedthe right to amend, suspend or terminate the Plan at any time, (iii) the grant of an option does not in any way create anycontractual or other right to receive additional grants of options (or benefits in lieu of options) at any time or in any amountand (iv) all determinations with respect to any additional grants, including (without limitation) the times when options will begranted, the number of Shares offered, the exercise price and the vesting schedule, will be at the sole discretion of theCompany.The value of this Option shall be an extraordinary item of compensation outside the scope of your employment contract, ifany, and shall not be considered a part of your normal or expected compensation for purposes of calculating severance,resignation, redundancy or end-of-service payments, bonuses, long-service awards, pension or retirement benefits or similarpayments.You understand and acknowledge that participation in the Plan ceases upon termination of your Service for any reason, exceptas may explicitly be provided otherwise in the Plan or this Agreement.You hereby authorize and direct your employer to disclose to the Company or any Subsidiary any information regarding youremployment, the nature and amount of your compensation and the fact and conditions of your participation in the Plan, asyour employer deems necessary or appropriate to facilitate the administration of the Plan.You consent to the collection, use and transfer of personal data as described in this subsection. You understand andacknowledge that the Company, your employer and the Company’s other Subsidiaries hold certain personal informationregarding you for the purpose of managing and administering the Plan, including (without limitation) your name, homeaddress, telephone number, date of birth, social insurance number, salary, nationality, job title, any Shares or directorshipsheld in the Company and details of all options or any other entitlements to Shares awarded, canceled, exercised, vested,unvested or outstanding in the your favor (the “Data”). You further understand and acknowledge that the Company and/or itsSubsidiaries will transfer Data among themselves as necessary for the purpose of implementation, administration andmanagement of your participation in the Plan and that the Company and/or any Subsidiary may each further transfer Data toany third party assisting the Company in the implementation, administration and management of the Plan. You understand andacknowledge that the recipients of Data may be located in the United States or elsewhere. You authorize such recipients toreceive, possess, use, retain and transfer Data, in electronic or other form, for the purpose of administering your participationin the Plan, including a transfer to any broker or other third party with whom you elect to deposit Shares acquired under thePlan of such Data as may be required for the administration of the Plan and/or the subsequent holding of Shares on yourbehalf. You may, at any time, view the Data, require any necessary modifications of Data or withdraw the consents set forth inthis subsection by contacting the Human Resources Department of the Company in writing.The Plan and OtherAgreementsThe text of the Plan is incorporated in this Agreement by reference. All capitalized terms in the Agreement shall have themeanings assigned to them in the Plan. This Agreement and the Plan constitute the entire understanding between you and theCompany regarding this Option. Any prior agreements, commitments or negotiations concerning this Option are superseded.This Agreement may be amended by the Committee without your consent; however, if any such amendment would materiallyimpair your rights or obligations under the Agreement, this Agreement may be amended only by another written agreement,signed by you and the Company.By signing the cover sheet of this Agreement,you agree to all of the terms and conditionsdescribed above and in the Plan.VERACYTE, INC.2013 STOCK INCENTIVE PLANNOTICE OF CASH EXERCISE OF STOCK OPTIONOPTIONEE INFORMATION: Name: Social Security Number: Address: Employee Number: OPTION INFORMATION: Date of Grant:_______________, 20___Type of Stock Option:Exercise Price per Share: $_________________Nonstatutory (NSO)Total number of Shares of Veracyte, Inc. (the “Company”) covered by option: _____________Incentive (ISO)Number of Shares of the Company for which option is being exercised now: (“Purchased Shares”).Total exercise price for the Purchased Shares: $ Form of payment enclosed :□Check for $ , payable to “Veracyte, Inc.”Name(s) in which the Purchased Shares should be registered:__________________________________________________The certificate for the Purchased Shares should be sent to the following address:________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ACKNOWLEDGMENTS:1.I understand that all sales of Purchased Shares are subject to compliance with the Company’s policy on securities trades.2.I hereby acknowledge that I received and read a copy of the prospectus describing the Company’s 2013 Stock Incentive Plan and the tax consequencesof an exercise.3.In the case of a nonstatutory option, I understand that I must recognize ordinary income equal to the spread between the fair market value of thePurchased Shares on the date of exercise and the exercise price. I further understand that I am required to pay withholding taxes at the time of exercisinga nonstatutory option.4.In the case of an incentive stock option, I agree to notify the Company if I dispose of the Purchased Shares before I have met both of the tax holdingperiods applicable to incentive stock options (that is, if I make a disqualifying disposition).SIGNATURE AND DATE: __, 20__VERACYTE, INC.2013 STOCK INCENTIVE PLANNotice Of Stock Unit AwardYou have been granted the following Stock Units representing shares of Common Stock of Veracyte, Inc. (the “Company”)under the Company’s 2013 Stock Incentive Plan (the “Plan”). Certain capitalized terms used, but not defined in this Notice of StockUnit Award are defined in the Plan.Name of Participant:[-]Total Number of Stock Units Granted:[-]Date of Grant:[-]Vesting Commencement Date:[-]Vesting Schedule:The Stock Units subject to this Award vest when you complete each [12 months]of continuous Service as an Employee or a Consultant from the VestingCommencement Date.] [Sample language - actual vesting schedule to beinserted as approved on grant-by-grant basis.]By executing this document, which may be accomplished by e-signature or other electronic indication of acceptance, you and the Company agreethat these Stock Units are granted under and governed by the term and conditions of the Plan and the Stock Unit Agreement (the “Agreement”), both ofwhich are attached to and made a part of this document.By executing this document you further agree that the Company may deliver by e-mail all documents relating to the Plan or this Award(including without limitation, prospectuses required by the Securities and Exchange Commission) and all other documents that the Company is requiredto deliver to its security holders (including without limitation, annual reports and proxy statements). You also agree that the Company may deliver thesedocuments by posting them on a website maintained by the Company or by a third party under contract with the Company. If the Company posts thesedocuments on a website, it will notify you by e-mail.[Name of Participant] VERACYTE, Inc. By: Its: Print Name VERACYTE, INC.2013 STOCK INCENTIVE PLANStock Unit AgreementPayment for Stock UnitsNo cash payment is required for the Stock Units you receive. You are receiving the Stock Units in consideration forServices rendered by you.VestingThe Stock Units that you are receiving will vest in installments, as shown in the Notice of Stock Unit Award.No additional Stock Units vest after your Service as an Employee or a Consultant has terminated for any reason [,except as provided in your Change of Control and Severance Agreement to the extent in effect at the time oftermination]. [reference to Change of Control and Severance Agreement included only if applicable to the Participant] ForfeitureIf your Service terminates for any reason, then your Award expires immediately as to the number of Stock Units thathave not vested before the termination date and do not vest as a result of termination.This means that the unvested Stock Units will immediately be cancelled. You receive no payment for Stock Units thatare forfeited.The Company determines when your Service terminates for this purpose and all purposes under the Plan and itsdeterminations are conclusive and binding on all persons.Leaves of AbsenceFor purposes of this Award, your Service does not terminate when you go on a military leave, a sick leave or anotherbona fide leave of absence, if the leave of absence was approved by the Company in writing and if continued creditingof Service is required by the terms of the leave or by applicable law. But your Service terminates when the approvedleave ends, unless you immediately return to active work.If you go on a leave of absence, then the vesting schedule specified in the Notice of Stock Unit Award may be adjustedin accordance with the Company’s leave of absence policy or the terms of your leave. Notwithstanding the foregoing,except as otherwise required by applicable laws, vesting of your Stock Units will be suspended during any unpaid leaveof absence. If you commence working on a part-time basis, then the vesting schedule specified in the Notice of StockUnit Award may be adjusted in accordance with the Company’s part-time work policy or the terms of an agreementbetween you and the Company pertaining to your part-time schedule.Nature of Stock UnitsYour Stock Units are mere bookkeeping entries. They represent only the Company’s unfunded and unsecured promiseto issue Shares on a future date. As a holder of Stock Units, you have no rights other than the rights of a general creditorof the Company.No Voting Rights or DividendsYour Stock Units carry neither voting rights nor rights to dividends. You, or your estate or heirs, have no rights as ashareholder of the Company unless and until your Stock Units are settled by issuing Shares. No adjustments will bemade for dividends or other rights if the applicable record date occurs before your Shares are issued, except asdescribed in the Plan.Stock Units NontransferableYou may not sell, transfer, assign, pledge or otherwise dispose of any Stock Units. For instance, you may not use yourStock Units as security for a loan. If you attempt to do any of these things, your Stock Units will immediately becomeinvalid.Settlement of Stock UnitsEach of your vested Stock Units will be settled when it vests; provided, however, that settlement of each Stock Unit willbe deferred to the first “permissible trading day” for the Shares, if later than the applicable vesting date, but in no eventlater than March 15 th of the calendar year following the calendar year in which the applicable vesting date occurs.For purposes of this Agreement, “permissible trading day” means a day that satisfies all of the following requirements:(a) the exchange on which the Shares are traded is open for trading on that day; (b) you are permitted to sell Shares onthat day without incurring liability under section 16(b) of the Exchange Act, (c) either (i) you are not in possession ofmaterial non-public information that would make it illegal for you to sell Shares on that day under Rule 10b-5 under theExchange Act or (ii) Rule 10b5-1(c) under the Exchange Act would apply to the sale; (d) you are permitted to sellShares on that day under such written insider trading policy as may have been adopted by the Company; and (e) you arenot prohibited from selling Shares on that day by a written agreement between you and the Company or a third party.At the time of settlement, you will receive one Share for each vested Stock Unit; provided, however, that no fractionalShares will be issued or delivered pursuant to the Plan or this Agreement, and the Committee will determine whethercash will be paid in lieu of any fractional Share or whether such fractional Share and any rights thereto will be canceled,terminated or otherwise eliminated. In addition, the Shares are issued to you subject to the condition that the issuance ofthe Shares not violate any law or regulation.Withholding Taxes and StockWithholdingRegardless of any action the Company or your actual employer (the “Employer”) takes with respect to any or all incometax, social insurance, payroll tax, payment on account or other tax-related withholding (“Tax-Related Items”), youacknowledge that the ultimate liability for all Tax-Related Items legally due by you is and remains your responsibilityand that the Company and/or the Employer (1) make no representations or undertakings regarding the treatment of anyTax-Related Items in connection with any aspect of the Award, including the settlement of the Stock Units, thesubsequent sale of Shares acquired pursuant to such settlement and the receipt of any dividends; and (2) do not committo structure the terms of the Award or any aspect of the Stock Units to reduce or eliminate your liability for Tax-RelatedItems.Prior to any relevant taxable or tax withholding event, as applicable, you shall pay or make adequate arrangementssatisfactory to the Company and/or the Employer, as applicable, to satisfy all Tax-Related Items. In this regard, youauthorize the Company and/or the Employer (and their respective agents) to satisfy the obligations with regard to allTax-Related Items by one or a combination of the following, as determined at the sole discretion of the Company andonly to the extent permissible under local law:(1) withholding from your wages or other cash compensation paid to you by the Company and/or theEmployer;(2) withholding from proceeds of the sale of Shares acquired upon settlement of the Stock Unitseither through a voluntary sale or through a mandatory sale (3) arranged by the Company (on yourbehalf pursuant to this authorization);withholding of Shares to otherwise be issued upon settlement of the Stock Units; or(4) any other arrangement approved by the Company.If the obligation for Tax-Related Items is satisfied by withholding in Shares, for tax purposes, you are deemed to havebeen issued the full number of Shares subject to the vested Stock Units, notwithstanding that a number of the Shares areheld back solely for the purpose of paying the Tax-Related Items due as a result of any aspect of your participation inthe Plan. The Fair Market Value of any Shares withheld or sold to satisfy the obligations with regard to all Tax-RelatedItems, determined as of the effective date of the Stock Units vesting, will be applied as a credit against the amount ofTax-Related Items.Finally, you shall pay to the Company or the Employer any amount of Tax-Related Items that the Company or theEmployer may be required to withhold as a result of your participation in the Plan or your purchase of Shares thatcannot be satisfied by the means previously described. The Company may refuse to deliver the Shares if you fail tocomply with your obligations in connection with the Tax-Related Items as described in this section, and your rights tothe Shares shall be forfeited if you do not comply with such obligations on or before the scheduled settlement deadline.Restrictions on ResaleYou agree not to sell any Shares at a time when applicable laws, Company policies or an agreement between theCompany and its underwriters prohibit a sale. This restriction will apply as long as your Service continues and for suchperiod of time after the termination of your Service as the Company may specify.No Retention RightsNeither your Award nor this Agreement gives you the right to be employed or retained by the Company or a subsidiaryof the Company in any capacity. The Company and its subsidiaries reserve the right to terminate your Service at anytime, with or without cause.AdjustmentsThe number of Stock Units covered by this Award shall be subject to adjustment in the event of a stock split, a stockdividend or a similar change in Company Shares, and in other circumstances, as set forth in the Plan. The forfeitureprovisions and restrictions provided for in this Agreement will apply to all new, substitute or additional Stock Units orsecurities to which you are entitled by reason of this Award.Successors and AssignsExcept as otherwise provided in the Plan or this Agreement, every term of this Agreement shall be binding upon andinure to the benefit of the parties hereto and their respective heirs, legatees, legal representatives, successors, transfereesand assigns.NoticeAny notice required or permitted under this Agreement shall be given in writing and shall be deemed effectively givenupon the earliest of personal delivery, receipt or the third full day following mailing with postage and fees prepaid,addressed to the other party hereto at the address last known in the Company’s records or at such other address as suchparty may designate by ten (10) days’ advance written notice to the other party hereto.Applicable Law and Choice of VenueThis Agreement will be interpreted and enforced under the laws of the State of California (without regard to theirchoice-of-law provisions). For purposes of litigating any dispute that arises directly or indirectly from the relationshipof the parties evidenced by this Award or the Agreement, the parties hereby submit to and consent to the exclusivejurisdiction of the State of California and agree that such litigation shall be conducted only in the courts of San MateoCounty, California, or the federal courts for the United States for the Northern District of California, and no othercourts, where this grant is made and/or to be performed.MiscellaneousYou understand and acknowledge that (i) the Plan is entirely discretionary, (ii) the Company and your employer havereserved the right to amend, suspend or terminate the Plan at any time, (iii) the grant of your Award does not in any waycreate any contractual or other right to receive additional grants of awards (or benefits in lieu of awards) at any time orin any amount and (iv) all determinations with respect to any additional grants, including (without limitation) the timeswhen awards will be granted, the number of Shares subject to the awards, and the vesting schedule, will be at the solediscretion of the Company.The value of this Award shall be an extraordinary item of compensation outside the scope of your employment contract,if any, and shall not be considered a part of your normal or expected compensation for purposes of calculatingseverance, resignation, redundancy or end-of-service payments, bonuses, long-service awards, pension or retirementbenefits or similar payments.You understand and acknowledge that participation in the Plan ceases upon termination of your Service for any reason,except as may explicitly be provided otherwise in the Plan or this Agreement.You hereby authorize and direct your employer to disclose to the Company or any Subsidiary any information regardingyour employment, the nature and amount of your compensation and the fact and conditions of your participation in thePlan, as your employer deems necessary or appropriate to facilitate the administration of the Plan.You consent to the collection, use and transfer of personal data as described in this subsection. You understand andacknowledge that the Company, your employer and the Company’s other Subsidiaries hold certain personal informationregarding you for the purpose of managing and administering the Plan, including (without limitation) your name, homeaddress, telephone number, date of birth, social insurance number, salary, nationality, job title, any Shares ordirectorships held in the Company and details of all awards or any other entitlements to Shares awarded, canceled,exercised, vested, unvested or outstanding in your favor (the “Data”). You further understand and acknowledge that theCompany and/or its Subsidiaries will transfer Data among themselves as necessary for the purpose of implementation,administration and management of your participation in the Plan and that the Company and/or any Subsidiary may eachfurther transfer Data to any third party assisting the Company in the implementation, administration and management ofthe Plan. You understand and acknowledge that the recipients of Data may be located in the United States or elsewhere.You authorize such recipients to receive, possess, use, retain and transfer Data, in electronic or other form, for thepurpose of administering your participation in the Plan, including a transfer to any broker or other third party withwhom you elect to deposit Shares acquired under the Plan of such Data as may be required for the administration of thePlan and/or the subsequent holding of Shares on your behalf. You may, at any time, view the Data, require anynecessary modifications of Data or withdraw the consents set forth in this subsection by contacting the HumanResources Department of the Company in writing.The Plan and Other AgreementsThe text of the Plan is incorporated in this Agreement by reference. All capitalized terms in this Agreement shall havethe meanings assigned to them in the Plan. This Agreement and the Plan constitute the entire understanding betweenyou and the Company regarding this Award. Any prior agreements, commitments or negotiations concerning thisAward are superseded. This Agreement may be amended by the Committee without your consent; however, if any suchamendment would materially impair your rights or obligations under the Agreement, this Agreement may be amendedonly by another written agreement, signed by you and the Company.By EXECUTING THE ATTACHED NOTICE,you agree to all of the terms and conditionsdescribed above and in the Plan.VERACYTE, INC.2013 STOCK INCENTIVE PLANNOTICE OF RESTRICTED STOCK AWARDYou have been granted the following Restricted Shares of Common Stock of Veracyte, Inc. (the “Company”) under theCompany’s 2013 Stock Incentive Plan (the “Plan”):Date of Grant: [Date of Grant]Name of Recipient: [Name of Recipient]Total Number of SharesGranted: [Total Shares]Fair Market Value per Share: $[Value Per Share]Total Fair Market ValueOf Award: $[Total Value]Vesting Commencement Date: [__________]Vesting Schedule:[The Shares subject to this Award vest when you complete twelve months of continuousService as an Employee or a Consultant from the Vesting Commencement Date.] [Samplelanguage - actual vesting to be inserted.]By your signature and the signature of the Company’s representative below, you and the Company agree that these Restricted Shares aregranted under and governed by the term and conditions of the Plan and the Restricted Stock Agreement (the “Agreement”), both of which are attachedto and made a part of this document.By signing this document you further agree that the Company may deliver by e-mail all documents relating to the Plan or this Award (includingwithout limitation, prospectuses required by the Securities and Exchange Commission) and all other documents that the Company is required to deliverto its security holders (including without limitation, annual reports and proxy statements). You also agree that the Company may deliver these documentsby posting them on a website maintained by the Company or by a third party under contract with the Company. If the Company posts these documentson a website, it will notify you by e-mail.[NAME OF RECIPIENT] VERACYTE, INC. By: Title VERACYTE, INC.2013 STOCK INCENTIVE PLANRESTRICTED STOCK AGREEMENTPayment For SharesNo cash payment is required for the Shares you receive. You are receiving the Shares in consideration for Servicesrendered by you.VestingThe Shares that you are receiving will vest in installments, as shown in the Notice of Restricted Stock Award. No additional Shares vest after your Service as an Employee or a Consultant has terminated for any reason.Shares RestrictedUnvested Shares will be considered “Restricted Shares.” Except to the extent permitted by the Committee, you may notsell, transfer, assign, pledge or otherwise dispose of Restricted Shares.ForfeitureIf your Service terminates for any reason, then your Shares will be forfeited to the extent that they have not vestedbefore the termination date and do not vest as a result of termination. This means that the Restricted Shares willimmediately revert to the Company. You receive no payment for Restricted Shares that are forfeited. The Companydetermines when your Service terminates for this purpose and all purposes under the Plan and its determinations areconclusive and binding on all persons.Leaves Of AbsenceFor purposes of this Award, your Service does not terminate when you go on a military leave, a sick leave or anotherbona fide leave of absence, if the leave was approved by the Company in writing and if continued crediting of Serviceis required by the terms of the leave or by applicable law. But your Service terminates when the approved leave ends,unless you immediately return to active work. If you go on a leave of absence, then the vesting schedule specified in the Notice of Restricted Stock Award may beadjusted in accordance with the Company’s leave of absence policy or the terms of your leave. Notwithstanding theforegoing, except as otherwise required by applicable laws, vesting of the Restricted Shares will be suspended duringany unpaid leave of absence. If you commence working on a part-time basis, then the vesting schedule specified in theNotice of Restricted Stock Award may be adjusted in accordance with the Company’s part-time work policy or theterms of an agreement between you and the Company pertaining to your part-time schedule.Stock CertificatesThe certificates for the Restricted Shares have stamped on them a special legend referring to the forfeiture restrictions.In addition to or in lieu of imposing the legend, the Company may hold the certificates in escrow. As your vestedpercentage increases, you may request (at reasonable intervals) that the Company release to you a non-legendedcertificate for your vested Shares.Shareholder RightsDuring the period of time between the date of grant and the date the Restricted Shares become vested, you shall have allthe rights of a shareholder with respect to the Restricted Shares except for the right to transfer the Restricted Shares, asset forth above. Accordingly, you shall have the right to vote the Restricted Shares and to receive any cash dividendspaid with respect to the Restricted Shares.Withholding TaxesRegardless of any action the Company or your employer (the “Employer”) takes with respect to any or all income tax,social insurance, payroll tax, payment on account or other tax-related withholding (“Tax-Related Items”), youacknowledge that the ultimate liability for all Tax-Related Items legally due by you is and remains your responsibilityand that the Company and/or your Employer (1) make no representations or undertakings regarding the treatment of anyTax-Related Items in connection with any aspect of the shares received under this Award, including the award orvesting of such shares, the subsequent sale of shares under this Award and the receipt of any dividends; and (2) do notcommit to structure the terms of the award to reduce or eliminate your liability for Tax-Related Items.No stock certificates will be released to you, unless you have paid or made adequate arrangements satisfactory to theCompany and/or the Employer to satisfy all withholding and payment on account obligations of the Company and/oryour Employer. In this regard, you authorize the Company and/or your Employer to withhold all applicable Tax-RelatedItems legally payable by you from your wages or other cash compensation paid to you by the Company and/or yourEmployer. With the Company’s consent, these arrangements may also include, if permissible under local law, a)withholding shares that otherwise would be delivered to you when they vest having a Fair Market Value equal to theamount necessary to satisfy the minimum statutory withholding amount , b) having the Company withhold taxes fromthe proceeds of the sale of the Shares, either through a voluntary sale or through a mandatory sale arranged by theCompany (on your behalf pursuant to this authorization), or (c) any other arrangement approved by the Company. Thefair market value of these shares, determined as of the date when taxes otherwise would have been withheld in cash,will be applied as a credit against the withholding taxes. Finally, you shall pay to the Company or your Employer anyamount of Tax-Related Items that the Company or the Employer may be required to withhold as a result of yourparticipation in the Plan or your acquisition of shares that cannot be satisfied by the means previously described. TheCompany may refuse to deliver the shares if you fail to comply with your obligations in connection with the Tax-Related Items as described in this section.Restrictions On ResaleYou agree not to sell any Shares at a time when applicable laws, Company policies or an agreement between theCompany and its underwriters prohibit a sale. This restriction will apply as long as your Service continues and for suchperiod of time after the termination of your Service as the Company may specify.No Retention RightsNeither your Award nor this Agreement gives you the right to be employed or retained by the Company or asubsidiary of the Company in any capacity. The Company and its subsidiaries reserve the right to terminateyour Service at any time, with or without cause.AdjustmentsIn the event of a stock split, a stock dividend or a similar change in Company Shares, or an extraordinary dividend, or amerger or a reorganization of the Company, the forfeiture provisions described above will apply to all new, substitute oradditional securities or other assets to which you are entitled by reason of your ownership of the Shares.Successors and AssignsExcept as otherwise provided in the Plan or this Agreement, every term of this Agreement shall be binding upon andinure to the benefit of the parties hereto and their respective heirs, legatees, legal representatives, successors, transfereesand assigns.NoticeAny notice required or permitted under this Agreement shall be given in writing and shall be deemed effectively givenupon the earliest of personal delivery, receipt or the third full day following mailing with postage and fees prepaid,addressed to the other party hereto at the address last known in the Company’s records or at such other address as suchparty may designate by ten (10) days’ advance written notice to the other party hereto.Applicable LawThis Agreement will be interpreted and enforced under the laws of the State of California (without regard to theirchoice-of-law provisions).MiscellaneousYou understand and acknowledge that (i) the Plan is entirely discretionary, (ii) the Company and your employer havereserved the right to amend, suspend or terminate the Plan at any time, (iii) the grant of your Award does not in any waycreate any contractual or other right to receive additional grants of awards (or benefits in lieu of awards) at any time orin any amount and (iv) all determinations with respect to any additional grants, including (without limitation) the timeswhen awards will be granted, the number of shares offered, the purchase price and the vesting schedule, will be at thesole discretion of the Company.The value of this Award shall be an extraordinary item of compensation outside the scope of your employment contract,if any, and shall not be considered a part of your normal or expected compensation for purposes of calculatingseverance, resignation, redundancy or end-of-service payments, bonuses, long-service awards, pension or retirementbenefits or similar payments.You understand and acknowledge that participation in the Plan ceases upon termination of your Service for any reason,except as may explicitly be provided otherwise in the Plan or this Agreement.You hereby authorize and direct your employer to disclose to the Company or any Subsidiary any information regardingyour employment, the nature and amount of your compensation and the fact and conditions of your participation in thePlan, as your employer deems necessary or appropriate to facilitate the administration of the Plan.You consent to the collection, use and transfer of personal data as described in this subsection. You understand andacknowledge that the Company, your employer and the Company’s other Subsidiaries hold certain personal informationregarding you for the purpose of managing and administering the Plan, including (without limitation) your name, homeaddress, telephone number, date of birth, social insurance number, salary, nationality, job title, any shares ordirectorships held in the Company and details of all awards or any other entitlements to shares awarded, canceled,exercised, vested, unvested or outstanding in the your favor (the “Data”). You further understand and acknowledge thatthe Company and/or its Subsidiaries will transfer Data among themselves as necessary for the purpose ofimplementation, administration and management of your participation in the Plan and that the Company and/or anySubsidiary may each further transfer Data to any third party assisting the Company in the implementation,administration and management of the Plan. You understand and acknowledge that the recipients of Data may belocated in the United States or elsewhere. You authorize such recipients to receive, possess, use, retain and transferData, in electronic or other form, for the purpose of administering your participation in the Plan, including a transfer toany broker or other third party with whom you elect to deposit shares acquired under the Plan of such Data as may berequired for the administration of the Plan and/or the subsequent holding of shares on your behalf. You may, at anytime, view the Data, require any necessary modifications of Data or withdraw the consents set forth in this subsectionby contacting the Human Resources Department of the Company in writing.The Plan and Other AgreementsThe text of the Plan is incorporated in this Agreement by reference. All capitalized terms in this Agreement shall havethe meanings assigned to them in the Plan. This Agreement and the Plan constitute the entire understanding betweenyou and the Company regarding this Award. Any prior agreements, commitments or negotiations concerning thisAward are superseded. This Agreement may be amended by the Committee without your consent; however, if any suchamendment would materially impair your rights or obligations under the Agreement, this Agreement may be amendedonly by another written agreement, signed by you and the Company.By signing the cover sheet of this Agreement,you agree to all of the terms and conditionsdescribed above and in the Plan.EXHIBIT 10.10SECOND AMENDMENT TO LEASEThis Second Amendment to Lease (the " Second Amendment ") is dated as of February 8, 2017, by and between CRP 6000 Shoreline, L.L.C., a Delawarelimited liability company (" Landlord "), and Veracyte, Inc., a Delaware corporation (" Tenant "), with reference to the following recitals.R E C I T A L S:A. On or about April 29, 2015, American Fund US Investments LP, as landlord, and Tenant entered into an Office Building Lease (the "Original Lease ") for that certain premises commonly known as Sierra Point, 6000 Shoreline Court, Suites 100, 200 and 300, South San Francisco, California (the" Premises "), consisting of approximately 58,625 rentable square feet consisting of (i) 14,988 rentable square feet located on the first floor of the Building; (ii)11,221 rentable square feet on the second floor of the Building; and (iii) 32,416 rentable square feet located on the third floor of the Building.B. The Original Lease was amended by that certain First Amendment to Lease dated May 3, 2016 (“ First Amendment ”, the Original Lease asamended by the First Amendment is referred to herein as “ Lease ”).C. Subsequent to the date of the First Amendment, the Landlord acquired title to, among other property, the Premises and all of the lessor’sinterest in the Lease.D. Landlord and Tenant wish to amend the Lease on the terms and conditions set forth below.NOW, THEREFORE, for good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which is hereby acknowledged, the parties hereto agree asfollows:1. Recitals . The Recitals above are incorporated herein as if fully set forth herein.2. Compensation to Tenant . Within fifteen (15) days after the date of this Second Amendment, Landlord shall pay Tenant the sum of FiveHundred Thousand Dollars ($500,000.00).3. Transfer of Emergency Generator . Tenant hereby transfers ownership of the Emergency Generator (as described in Section 56 of the OriginalLease) to Landlord. Tenant represents and warrants that it is the sole owner of the Emergency Generator, free and clear of any and all liens and encumbrances, andhas the full right and authority to transfer the Emergency Generator to Landlord. Landlord and Tenant shall take all further necessary steps to transfer ownership ofthe Emergency Generator to Landlord, including, but not limited to, transferring any and all permits related thereto to Landlord. During the term of the Lease,Tenant shall have the right to use up to fifty five percent (55%) of the capacity provided by the Emergency Generator. The remaining capacity of the EmergencyGenerator shall be used or allocated as Landlord shall determine in its sole and absolute discretion. Landlord shall be responsible for any and all taxes, license fees,permit fees, maintenance, repairs and replacement of the Emergency Generator and Tenant has pre-paid maintenance under that certain agreement dated December31, 2015 (and executed as of March 10, 2016) with Bay City Electric Works (“ Generator Maintenance Contract ”) and shall not be charged for any maintenanceexpenses to the extent covered by the initial three (3) year term of the Generator Maintenance Contract. If any such maintenance, repairs or replacement is requiredas a result of Tenant’s act or any act of its employees, contractors, invitees, sublessee, or agents, Tenant shall pay the entire cost thereof within thirty (30) daysafter demand. Tenant shall have no further right to use the Generator Site or install an emergency generator pursuant to Section 56 of the Original Lease andSection 56 is hereby amended to remove any and all references and rights of Tenant with respect to the Generator Site and Emergency Generator. Tenantrepresents and warrants that the Generator Maintenance Contract (a) is in full force and effect; (b) no party is in default thereunder; (c) commenced January 15,2016; (d) expires January 14, 2019, and (e) has remaining scheduled maintenance dates of July 2017, January 2018, July 2018 and January 2019. Tenant herebyassigns, and Landlord hereby assumes, all of Tenant’s right, title and interest in and to the Generator Maintenance Contract and that certain Bay City ElectricWorks warranty related to the Emergency Generator. The Emergency Generator shall be a “Project Service” pursuant to Section 11 of the Original Lease for allpurposes thereunder; provided, however, the Emergency Generator shall be available pursuant to this Section 24 hours per day, seven days per week, subject to theprovisions of Section 12 of the Original Lease. 4. Failure to Maintain or Repair Emergency Generator . If Landlord fails to maintain or repair the Emergency Generator as required by Section 3of this Second Amendment, Tenant shall provide Landlord with written notice of such failure and if Landlord does not (a)(i) commence such maintenance or repairwith five (5) business days after receipt of such written notice from Tenant while electricity is then being provided to the Premises; (ii) diligently prosecute suchmaintenance or repairto completion once commenced; or (iii) provide alternative generator service while completing such maintenance or repair; or (b)(i) commence such maintenanceor repair with two (2) business hours after receipt of such written notice from Tenant while electricity is not then being provided to the Premises, which writtennotice shall also be provided telephonically (which may be satisfied by leaving a voicemail for the recipient) to Douglas Kniveton at (415) 772-0106 and to NancyTam at (415) 772-0369, and via electronic mail to douglas.kniveton@cbre.com, nancy.tam@cbre.com and William.birdsey@carlyle.com; (ii) diligently prosecutesuch maintenance or repair to completion once commenced; or (iii) provide alternative generator service while completing such maintenance or repair; Tenant maytake such reasonable actions (1) as may be necessary to maintain or repair the Emergency Generator during such period as Landlord is not taking such actions;and/or (2) to provide alternative temporary emergency generator service while completing such maintenance or repair to the Emergency Generator; and, in suchevent, Landlord shall reimburse Tenant for the reasonable costs thereof within thirty (30) days after demand and presentation of paid receipts and invoices relatedto such actions. 5. First Expansion Right and Third Expansion Right . Sections 53(a) and (c) of the Original Lease are deleted in their entirety and replaced with“Intentionally Omitted.” Notwithstanding the foregoing, the unnumbered paragraph below Section 53(c)(vi) of the Original Lease is not deleted and remains in fullforce and effect.6. Second Expansion Right . Section 53(b) is amended to provide that the approximate rentable square feet of the Second Expansion Space is7,482.7. Modification of Flue Shaft . If Landlord determines that its rights under Section 4 of the First Amendment are not broad enough in terms ofuse rights with respect to the flue shaft, or that the size of the flue shaft is not sufficient for Landlord’s needs in connection with its conversion of the ThirdExpansion Space, Landlord shall have the right to use the flue shaft for such additional purposes as Landlord shall reasonably determine and Tenant shall agree topermit Landlord, at Landlord’s sole cost and expense, to increase the size of the flue shaft as reasonably requested by Landlord. In such event, any changes in theflue shaft will not adversely affect Tenant’s exhaust ventilation system or any other system serving the Premises, or disrupt Tenant’s use of or operations in thePremises. If the size of the flue shaft is increased pursuant to this Section, Landlord and Tenant shall promptly amend the Lease to document necessarymodifications, which shall include an appropriate modification to the Tenant’s Rentable Square Footage, Tenant’s Share, Base Rent and Exhibit B to the OriginalLease based on the increased size of the flue shaft. By way of example, if the flue shaft increases from 50 rentable square feet to 60 rentable square feet, Tenant’sRentable Square Footage shall be reduced by 10 rentable square feet and Tenant’s Share and Base Rent shall be adjusted accordingly.8. Disclosure Regarding Accessibility Inspection . To the Landlord’s knowledge, the Premises have not undergone an inspection by a CertifiedAccess Specialist (“ CASp ”) to determine whether or not the Premises meets all applicable construction-related accessibility standards pursuant to California CivilCode Section 55.51 et. seq. Accordingly, pursuant to California Civil Code § 1938(e), Landlord hereby further states as follows: “A Certified Access Specialist(CASp) can inspect the subject premises and determine whether the subject premises comply with all of the applicable construction-related accessibility standardsunder state law. Although state law does not require a CASp inspection of the subject premises, the commercial property owner or lessor may not prohibit thelessee or tenant from obtaining a CASp inspection of the subject premises for the occupancy or potential occupancy of the lessee or tenant, if requested by thelessee or tenant. The parties shall mutually agree on the arrangements for the time and manner of the CASp inspection, the payment of the fee for the CASpinspection, and the cost of making any repairs necessary to correct violations of construction-related accessibility standards within the premises”. Landlord shallhave the right (but not the obligation) to obtain a report from a CASp, and, in the event that Landlord does so, and such report provides that the Project is incompliance (or any issues of non-compliance are corrected), then, as between Landlord and Tenant, (regardless of whether the claim is brought by any third party,including a subtenant or invitee of Tenant) such report, upon delivery to Tenant shall be conclusive that Landlord has complied with any obligation relatingspecifically to matters covered by the CASp as of delivery (and exclusive of any improvements made by Tenant) pursuant to California Civil Code sections 55.52and 55.53. Landlord and Tenant agree that if Tenant requests or performs a CASp inspection of the Premises, Building or Project, then (i) Tenant shall pay the feefor such inspection, (ii) Tenant shall reimburse Landlord upon demand for the cost of making any repairs necessary to correct violations of construction-relatedaccessibility standards to the Premises, Building and/or Project; and (iii) if Tenant commissions in inspection by a CASp, Tenant (a) will not provide Landlord witha copy of such report unless specifically requested in writing by Landlord; (b) shall be responsible for any and all consequences resulting from the commissioningof such inspection, including, but not limited to, implementing, managing and performing any and all repairs, improvements and/or modifications to the Premises,Building or Project required by any governing agency as a result thereof; and (c) shall indemnify, defend and hold Landlord harmless from and against any and alllosses, liabilities, damages, costs and claims that may be made against Landlord by any party claiming that Landlord had knowledge of a non-compliance of thePremises, Building or Project with applicable laws as a result of such inspection. Notwithstanding clause (ii) of the immediately preceding sentence, Landlord mayelect to require Tenant to implement, manage and/or perform such repairs, improvements and/or modifications in lieu of performing such and requiringreimbursement from Tenant requiring Tenant to implement, manager and/or perform such and, in such case, Tenant shall reimburse Landlord for all costs andexpenses associated therewith within twenty (20) days after demand from Landlord.9. Conflict . If there is a conflict between the terms and conditions of this Second Amendment and the terms and conditions of the Lease, theterms and conditions of this Second Amendment shall control. Except as modified by this Second Amendment, the terms and conditions of the Lease shall remainin full force and effect. Capitalized terms included in this Second Amendment shall have the same meaning as capitalized terms in the Lease unless otherwisedefined herein. Tenant hereby acknowledges and agrees that the Lease is in full force and effect, Landlord is not currently in default under the Lease, and, to thebest of Tenant’s knowledge, no event has occurred which, with the giving of notice or the passage of time, or both, would ripen into Landlord’s default under theLease.10. Authority . The persons executing this Second Amendment on behalf of the parties hereto represent and warrant that they have the authorityto execute this Second Amendment on behalf of said parties and that said parties have authority to enter into this Second Amendment.11. Brokers . Tenant and Landlord each represent and warrant to the other that neither has had any dealings or entered into any agreements withany person, entity, broker or finder other than Chris Jacobs of CBRE, Inc., as Landlord’s broker, in connection with the negotiation of this Second Amendment,and no other broker, person, or entity is entitled to any commission or finder's fee in connection with the negotiation of this Second Amendment, and Tenant andLandlord each agree to indemnify, defend and hold the other harmless from and against any claims, damages, costs, expenses, attorneys' fees or liability forcompensation or charges which may be claimed by any such unnamed broker, finder or other similar party by reason of any dealings, actions or agreements of theindemnifying party.12. Confidentiality . Tenant acknowledges and agrees that the terms of this Second Amendment are confidential and constitute proprietaryinformation of Landlord. Disclosure of the terms hereof could adversely affect the ability of Landlord to negotiate other leases with respect to the property and mayimpair Landlord's relationship with other tenants of the property. Tenant agrees that it and its partners, officers, directors, employees, brokers, and attorneys, if any,shall not disclose the terms and conditions of this Second Amendment to any other person or entity without the prior written consent of Landlord which may begiven or withheld by Landlord, in Landlord's sole discretion, provided however, that Tenant shall have the right to disclose this Second Amendment and its terms ifTenant, in its sole opinion, determines that it is required by law or regulation to do so, and provided further, that nothing herein shall preclude Tenant fromdisclosing this Second Amendment in its entirety to its attorneys, auditors or other advisors. It is understood and agreed that damages alone would be an inadequateremedy for the breach of this provision by Tenant, and Landlord shall also have the right to seek specific performance of this provision and to seek injunctive reliefto prevent its breach or continued breach.13. Counterparts . This Second Amendment may be executed in counterparts. Each counterpart shall be deemed an original, and all counterpartsshall be deemed the same instrument with the same effect as if all parties hereto had signed the same signature page.14. Delivery of Amendment . Preparation of this Second Amendment by Landlord or Landlord's agent and submission of same to Tenant shallnot be deemed an offer by Landlord to enter into this Second Amendment. This Second Amendment shall become binding upon Landlord only when fullyexecuted by all parties and when Landlord has delivered a fully executed original of this Second Amendment to Tenant. The delivery of this Second Amendment toTenant shall not constitute an agreement by Landlord to negotiate in good faith, and Landlord expressly disclaims any legal obligation to negotiate in good faith.15. Notices . All notices provided by Tenant to Landlord pursuant to the Lease shall be sent to the Landlord at the following addresses:Landlord :CRP 6000 Shoreline, L.L.C.c/o David A. Kingery, Managing DirectorUS Real EstateThe Carlyle Group3675 Mt. Diablo Boulevard, Suite 310Lafayette, California 94549With a copy to:Douglas KnivetonNancy TamCB Richard Ellis101 California Street, 22 nd FloorSan Francisco, California 94111(signatures to follow on succeeding page)IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereby execute this Second Amendment as of the date first written above.Landlord:CRP 6000 Shoreline, L.L.C.a Delaware limited liability companyTenant:Veracyte, Inc.a Delaware corporation By:/s/ David A. KingeryBy:/s/ Julie A. BrooksName:David A. KingeryName:Julie A. BrooksIts:Vice PresidentIts:EVP, General Counsel By:/s/ Christopher M. Hall Name:Christopher M. Hall Its:Chief Operating Officer*Authorized officers must sign on behalf of the corporation and indicate the capacity in which they are signing. The amendment must be executed by the president or vicepresident and the secretary or assistant secretary, unless the bylaws or a resolution of the board of directors shall otherwise provide, in which event, the bylaws or a certified copyof the resolution, as the case may be, must be attached to this amendment.EXHIBIT 10.18VERACYTE, INC. CHANGE OF CONTROL AND SEVERANCE AGREEMENT This Change of Control and Severance Agreement (the “ Agreement ”) is made and entered into by and between Keith Kennedy (“ Executive ”) andVeracyte, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “ Company ”), effective as of February 15, 2017 (the “ Effective Date ”). RECITALS 1. The Board of Directors of the Company (the “ Board ”) believes that it is in the best interests of the Company and its stockholders (i) to assurethat the Company will have the continued dedication and objectivity of Executive, notwithstanding the possibility, threat, or occurrence of a Change of Control and(ii) to provide Executive with an incentive to continue Executive’s employment prior to a Change of Control and to motivate Executive to maximize the value ofthe Company upon a Change of Control for the benefit of its stockholders. 2. The Board believes that it is imperative to provide Executive with certain severance benefits upon Executive’s termination of employment undercertain circumstances. These benefits will provide Executive with enhanced financial security and incentive and encouragement to remain with the Companynotwithstanding the possibility of a Change of Control. 3. Certain capitalized terms used in the Agreement are defined in Section 6 below. AGREEMENT NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the mutual covenants contained herein, the parties hereto agree as follows: 1. Term of Agreement . This Agreement will have an initial term of four (4) years commencing on the Effective Date (the “ Initial Term ”). Onthe fourth anniversary of the Effective Date, this Agreement will renew automatically for additional one (1) year terms (each an “ Additional Term ”), unless eitherparty provides the other party with written notice of non-renewal at least sixty (60) days prior to the date of automatic renewal. Notwithstanding the foregoingprovisions of this paragraph, if a Change of Control occurs when there are fewer than twelve (12) months remaining during the Initial Term or an Additional Term,the term of this Agreement will extend automatically through the date that is twelve (12) months following the effective date of the Change of Control. IfExecutive becomes entitled to benefits under Section 3 during the term of this Agreement, the Agreement will not terminate until all of the obligations of theparties hereto with respect to this Agreement have been satisfied. 2. At-Will Employment . The Company and Executive acknowledge that Executive’s employment is and will continue to be at-will, as definedunder applicable law. As an at-will employee, either the Company or the Executive may terminate the employment relationship at any time, with or withoutCause. 3. Severance Benefits . (a) Termination without Cause or Resignation for Good Reason Unrelated to a Change of Control . If the Company terminatesExecutive’s employment with the Company without Cause (excluding death or Disability) or if Executive resigns from such employment for Good Reason, andsuch termination occurs outside of the Change of Control Period, then subject to Section 4, Executive will receive the following: (i) Accrued Compensation . The Company will pay Executive all accrued but unpaid vacation, expense reimbursements, wages,and other benefits due to Executive under any Company-provided plans, policies, and arrangements. (ii) Continuing Severance Payments . Executive will be paid continuing payments of severance pay at a rate equal to Executive’sbase salary rate, as then in effect, for six (6) months from the date of such termination of employment to be paid periodically in accordance with the Company’snormal payroll policies. (iii) Continuation Coverage . If Executive elects continuation coverage pursuant to the Consolidated Omnibus BudgetReconciliation Act of 1985, as amended (“ COBRA ”) within the time period prescribed pursuant to COBRA for Executive and Executive’s eligible dependents,then the Company will reimburse Executive for the COBRA premiums for such coverage (at the coverage levels in effect immediately prior to Executive’stermination) until the earlier of (A) a period of six (6) months from the date of termination or (B) the date upon which Executive and/or Executive’s eligibledependents become covered under similar plans. The reimbursements will be made by the Company to Executive consistent with the Company’s normal expensereimbursement policy. Notwithstanding the first sentence of this Section 3(a)(iii), if the Company determines in its sole discretion that it cannot provide theforegoing benefit without potentially violating, or being subject to an excise tax under, applicable law (including, without limitation, Section 2716 of the PublicHealth Service Act), the Company will in lieu thereof provide to Executive a taxable monthly payment, payable on the last day of a given month, in an amountequal to the monthly COBRA premium that Executive would be required to pay to continue Executive’s group health coverage in effect on the termination ofemployment date (which amount will be based on the premium for the first month of COBRA coverage), which payments will be made regardless of whetherExecutive elects COBRA continuation coverage and will commence on the month following Executive’s termination of employment and will end on the earlier of(x) the date upon which Executive obtains other employment or (y) the date the Company has paid an amount equal to six (6) payments. For the avoidance ofdoubt, the taxable payments in lieu of COBRA reimbursements may be used for any purpose, including, but not limited to continuation coverage under COBRA,and will be subject to all applicable tax withholdings.(b) Termination without Cause or Resignation for Good Reason in Connection with a Change of Control . If the Company terminatesExecutive’s employment with the Company without Cause (excluding death or Disability) or if Executive resigns from such employment for Good Reason, and, ineach case, such termination occurs during the Change of Control Period, then subject to Section 4, Executive will receive the following: (i) Accrued Compensation . The Company will pay Executive all accrued but unpaid vacation, expense reimbursements, wages,and other benefits due to Executive under any Company-provided plans, policies, and arrangements. (ii) Severance Payment . Executive will receive a lump-sum payment (less applicable withholding taxes) equal to the twelve(12) months of Executive’s annual base salary as in effect immediately prior to Executive’s termination date or, if greater, at the level in effect immediately prior tothe Change of Control. For the avoidance of doubt, if (x) Executive incurred a termination prior to a Change of Control that qualifies Executive for severancepayments under Section 3(a)(ii); and (y) a Change of Control occurs within the two (2)-month period following Executive’s termination of employment thatqualifies Executive for the superior benefits under this Section 3(b)(ii), then Executive shall be entitled to a lump-sum payment of the amount calculated under thisSection 3(b)(ii), less amounts already paid under Section 3(a)(ii) and such amount lump-sum amount shall be payable upon the later of: (A) the Change of Control,(B) the date the Release (as defined below) is effective and irrevocable; or (C) such later date required by Section 4(c). (iii) Bonus Payment . Executive will receive a lump-sum payment equal to one hundred percent (100%) of the higher of (A) thegreater of (x) Executive’s target bonus for the fiscal year in which the Change of Control occurs (as in effect immediately prior to the Change of Control) or(y) Executive’s target bonus as in effect for the fiscal year in which Executive’s termination of employment occurs, or (B) Executive’s actual bonus forperformance during the calendar year prior to the calendar year during which the termination of employment occurs. For avoidance of doubt, the amount paid toExecutive pursuant to this Section 3(b)(iii) will not be prorated based on the actual amount of time Executive is employed by the Company during the fiscal year(or the relevant performance period if something different than a fiscal year) during which the termination occurs. (iv) Continuation Coverage . If Executive elects continuation coverage pursuant to COBRA within the time period prescribedpursuant to COBRA for Executive and Executive’s eligible dependents, then the Company will reimburse Executive for the COBRA premiums for such coverage(at the coverage levels in effect immediately prior to Executive’s termination) until the earlier of (A) a period of twelve (12) months from the date of termination or(B) the date upon which Executive and/or Executive’s eligible dependents become covered under similar plans. The reimbursements will be made by theCompany to Executive consistent with the Company’s normal expense reimbursement policy. Notwithstanding the first sentence of this Section 3(b)(iv), if theCompany determines in its sole discretion that it cannot provide the foregoing benefit without potentially violating, or being subject to an excise tax under,applicable law (including, without limitation, Section 2716 of the Public Health Service Act), the Company will in lieu thereof provide to Executive a taxablemonthly payment, payable on the last day of a given month, in an amount equal to the monthly COBRA premium that Executive would be required to pay tocontinue Executive’s group health coverage in effect on the termination of employment date (which amount will be based on the premium for the first month ofCOBRA coverage), which payments will be made regardless of whether Executive elects COBRA continuation coverage and will commence on the monthfollowing Executive’s terminationof employment and will end on the earlier of (x) the date upon which Executive obtains other employment or (y) the date the Company has paid an amount equal totwelve (12) payments. For the avoidance of doubt, the taxable payments in lieu of COBRA reimbursements may be used for any purpose, including, but notlimited to continuation coverage under COBRA, and will be subject to all applicable tax withholdings. (v) Accelerated Vesting of Equity Awards . One hundred percent (100%) of Executive’s then-outstanding and unvested EquityAwards will become vested in full. If, however, an outstanding Equity Award is to vest and/or the amount of the award to vest is to be determined based on theachievement of performance criteria, then the Equity Award will vest as to one hundred percent (100%) of the amount of the Equity Award assuming theperformance criteria had been achieved at target levels for the relevant performance period(s).(c) Voluntary Resignation; Termination for Cause . If Executive’s employment with the Company terminates (i) voluntarily by Executive(other than for Good Reason) or (ii) for Cause by the Company, then Executive will not be entitled to receive severance or other benefits except for those (ifany) as may then be established under the Company’s then existing severance and benefits plans and practices or pursuant to other written agreements with theCompany. (d) Disability; Death . If the Company terminates Executive’s employment as a result of Executive’s Disability, or Executive’semployment terminates due to Executive’s death, then Executive will not be entitled to receive any other severance or other benefits, except for those (if any) asmay then be established under the Company’s then existing written severance and benefits plans and practices or pursuant to other written agreements with theCompany. (e) Exclusive Remedy . In the event of a termination of Executive’s employment as set forth in Section 3(a) or (b) of this Agreement, theprovisions of Section 3 are intended to be and are exclusive and in lieu of any other rights or remedies to which Executive or the Company otherwise may beentitled, whether at law, tort or contract, in equity, or under this Agreement (other than the payment of accrued but unpaid wages, as required by law, and anyunreimbursed reimbursable expenses). Executive will be entitled to no benefits, compensation or other payments or rights upon a termination of employment otherthan those benefits expressly set forth in Section 3 of this Agreement. 4. Conditions to Receipt of Severance (a) Release of Claims Agreement . The receipt of any severance payments or benefits (other than the accrued benefits set forth in eitherSections 3(a)(i) or 3(b)(i)) pursuant to this Agreement is subject to Executive signing and not revoking a separation agreement and release of claims insubstantially the form attached hereto as Exhibit A (the “ Release ”), which must become effective and irrevocable no later than the sixtieth (60th) day followingExecutive’s termination of employment (the “ Release Deadline ”). If the Release does not become effective and irrevocable by the Release Deadline,Executive will forfeit any right to severance payments or benefits under this Agreement. In no event will severance payments or benefits be paid or provided untilthe Release actually becomes effective and irrevocable. (b) Confidential Information and Invention Assignment Agreements . Executive’s receipt of any payments or benefits under Section 3(other than the accrued benefits set forth in either Sections 3(a)(i) or 3(b)(i)) will be subject to Executive continuing to comply with the terms of the ConfidentialityAgreement dated November 28, 2016, between the Company and Executive, as such agreement may be amended from time to time. (c) Section 409A . (i) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Agreement, no severance pay or benefits to be paid or provided to Executive,if any, pursuant to this Agreement that, when considered together with any other severance payments or separation benefits, are considered deferred compensationunder Section 409A of the Code, and the final regulations and any guidance promulgated thereunder (“ Section 409A ”) (together, the “ Deferred Payments ”) willbe paid or otherwise provided until Executive has a “separation from service” within the meaning of Section 409A. Similarly, no severance payable to Executive,if any, pursuant to this Agreement that otherwise would be exempt from Section 409A pursuant to Treasury Regulation Section 1.409A-1(b)(9) will be payableuntil Executive has a “separation from service” within the meaning of Section 409A. (ii) It is intended that none of the severance payments under this Agreement will constitute Deferred Payments but rather will beexempt from Section 409A as a payment that would fall within the “short-term deferral period” as described in Section 4(c)(iv) below or resulting from aninvoluntary separation from service as described in Section 4(c)(v) below. However, any severance payments or benefits under this Agreement that would beconsidered Deferred Payments will be paid on, or, in the case of installments, will not commence until, the sixtieth (60 th ) day following Executive’sseparation from service, or, if later, such time as required by Section 4(c)(iii). Except as required by Section 4(c)(iii), any installment payments that would havebeen made to Executive during the sixty (60) day period immediately following Executive’s separation from service but for the preceding sentence will be paid toExecutive on the sixtieth (60 th ) day following Executive’s separation from service and the remaining payments will be made as provided in this Agreement. (iii) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Agreement, if Executive is a “specified employee” within the meaning ofSection 409A at the time of Executive’s termination (other than due to death), then the Deferred Payments, if any, that are payable within the first six (6) monthsfollowing Executive’s separation from service, will become payable on the first payroll date that occurs on or after the date six (6) months and one (1) dayfollowing the date of Executive’s separation from service. All subsequent Deferred Payments, if any, will be payable in accordance with the payment scheduleapplicable to each payment or benefit. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, if Executive dies following Executive’s separation from service, butbefore the six (6) month anniversary of the separation from service, then any payments delayed in accordance with this paragraph will be payable in a lump sum assoon as administratively practicable after the date of Executive’s death and all other Deferred Payments will be payable in accordance with the payment scheduleapplicable to each payment or benefit. Each payment and benefit payable under this Agreement is intended to constitute a separate payment under Section 1.409A-2(b)(2) of the Treasury Regulations. (iv) Any amount paid under this Agreement that satisfies the requirements of the “short-term deferral” rule set forth inSection 1.409A-1(b)(4) of the Treasury Regulations will not constitute Deferred Payments for purposes of clause (i) above. (v) Any amount paid under this Agreement that qualifies as a payment made as a result of an involuntary separation from servicepursuant to Section 1.409A-1(b)(9)(iii) of the Treasury Regulations that does not exceed the Section 409A Limit (as defined below) will not constitute DeferredPayments for purposes of clause (i) above. (vi) The foregoing provisions are intended to comply with the requirements of Section 409A so that none of the severancepayments and benefits to be provided hereunder will be subject to the additional tax imposed under Section 409A, and any ambiguities herein will be interpreted toso comply. The Company and Executive agree to work together in good faith to consider amendments to this Agreement and to take such reasonable actions whichare necessary, appropriate or desirable to avoid imposition of any additional tax or income recognition before actual payment to Executive under Section 409A. 5. Limitation on Payments . In the event that the severance and other benefits provided for in this Agreement or otherwise payable to Executive(i) constitute “parachute payments” within the meaning of Section 280G of the Code, and (ii) but for this Section 5, would be subject to the excise tax imposed bySection 4999 of the Code, then Executive’s benefits under Section 3 will be either: (a) delivered in full, or (b) delivered as to such lesser extent which would result in no portion of such benefits being subject to excise tax under Section 4999 ofthe Code, whichever of the foregoing amounts, taking into account the applicable federal, state and local income taxes and the excise tax imposed by Section 4999, results inthe receipt by Executive on an after-tax basis, of the greatest amount of benefits, notwithstanding that all or some portion of such benefits may be taxable underSection 4999 of the Code. If a reduction in severance and other benefits constituting “parachute payments” is necessary so that benefits are delivered to a lesserextent, reduction will occur in the following order: (i) reduction of cash payments; (ii) cancellation of awards granted “contingent on a change in ownership orcontrol” (within the meaning of Code Section 280G), (iii) cancellation of accelerated vesting of equity awards; (iv) reduction of employee benefits. In the eventthat acceleration of vesting of equity award compensation is to be reduced, such acceleration of vesting will be cancelled in the reverse order of the date of grant ofExecutive’s equity awards. Unless the Company and Executive otherwise agree in writing, any determination required under this Section 5 will be made in writing by the Company’sindependent public accountants immediately prior to a Change of Control or such other person or entity to which the parties mutually agree (the “ Firm ”), whosedetermination will be conclusive and binding upon Executive and the Company. For purposes of making the calculations required by this Section 5, the Firm maymake reasonable assumptions and approximations concerning applicable taxes and may rely on reasonable, good faith interpretations concerning the application ofSections 280G and 4999 of the Code. The Company and Executive will furnish to the Firm such information and documents as the Firm may reasonably request inorder to make a determination under this Section. The Company will bear all costs the Firm may incur in connection with any calculations contemplated by thisSection 5. 6. Definition of Terms . The following terms referred to in this Agreement will have the following meanings: (a) Cause . “ Cause ” will mean: (i) The willful or grossly negligent failure of the Executive to substantially perform his or her duties as an employee of theCompany; (ii) Executive’s commission of a gross misconduct which is injurious to the Company; (iii) Executive’s breach of a material provision of any agreement between Executive and the Company; (iv) Executive’s material and willful violation of a federal or state law or regulation applicable to the business of the Company; (v) Executive’s misappropriation or embezzlement of Company funds or Executive’s act of fraud or dishonesty upon theCompany; or (vi) Executive’s conviction of, or plea of nolo contendere, to a felony (other than motor vehicle offenses the effect of which donot materially impair Executive’s performance of Executive’s duties for the Company). The Company will not terminate Executive’s employment for Cause without first providing Executive with written notice specifically identifying the acts oromissions constituting the grounds for a Cause termination and, with respect to clauses (i), (iii) and (iv), a reasonable opportunity to cure (to the extent curable) fora period of not less than ten (10) business days following such notice. The determination as to whether Executive is being terminated for Cause will be made in good faith by the Board and will be final and binding on Executive. Theforegoing definition does not in any way limit the Company’s ability to terminate Executive’s employment relationship at any time as provided in Section 2 above,and the term “Company” will be interpreted to include any subsidiary, parent, affiliate or successor thereto, if applicable. (b) Change of Control. “ Change of Control ” means the occurrence of any of the following events: (i) A change in the ownership of the Company which occurs on the date that any one person, or more than one person acting as agroup (“ Person ”), acquires ownership of the stock of the Company that, together with the stock held by such Person, constitutes more than fifty percent (50%) ofthe total voting power of the stock of the Company; provided, however, that for purposes of this subsection, the acquisition of additional stock by any one Person,who is considered to own more than fifty percent (50%) of the total voting power of the stock of the Company will not be considered a Change of Control; or (ii) A change in the effective control of the Company which occurs on the date that a majority of members of the Board isreplaced during any twelve (12) month period by Directors whose appointment or election is not endorsed by a majority of the members of the Board prior to thedate of the appointment or election. For purposes of this clause (ii), if any Person is considered to be in effective control of the Company, the acquisition ofadditional control of the Company by the same Person will not be considered a Change of Control; or (iii) A change in the ownership of a substantial portion of the Company’s assets which occurs on the date that any Person acquires(or has acquired during the twelve (12) month period ending on the date of the most recent acquisition by such person or persons) assets from the Company thathave a total gross fair market value equal to or more than fifty percent (50%) of the total gross fair market value of all of the assets of the Company immediatelyprior to such acquisition or acquisitions; provided, however, that for purposes of this subsection (iii), the following will not constitute a change in the ownership ofa substantial portion of the Company’s assets: (A) a transfer to an entity that is controlled by the Company’s stockholders immediately after the transfer, or (B) atransfer of assets by the Company to: (1) a stockholder of the Company (immediately before the asset transfer) in exchange for or with respect to the Company’sstock, (2) an entity, fifty percent (50%) or more of the total value or voting power of which is owned, directly or indirectly, by the Company, (3) a Person, thatowns, directly or indirectly, fifty percent (50%) or more of the total value or voting power of all the outstanding stock of the Company, or (4) an entity, at least fiftypercent (50%) of the total value or voting power of which is owned, directly or indirectly, by a Person described in this subsection (iii)(B)(3). For purposes of thissubsection (iii), gross fair market valuemeans the value of the assets of the Company, or the value of the assets being disposed of, determined without regard to any liabilities associated with such assets. For purposes of this definition, persons will be considered to be acting as a group if they are owners of a corporation that enters into amerger, consolidation, purchase or acquisition of stock, or similar business transaction with the Company. Notwithstanding the foregoing, a transaction will not be deemed a Change of Control unless the transaction qualifies as a change incontrol event within the meaning of Code Section 409A, as it has been and may be amended from time to time, and any proposed or final Treasury Regulations andInternal Revenue Service guidance that has been promulgated or may be promulgated thereunder from time to time. Further and for the avoidance of doubt, a transaction will not constitute a Change of Control if: (i) its sole purpose is to change the stateof the Company’s incorporation, or (ii) its sole purpose is to create a holding company that will be owned in substantially the same proportions by the persons whoheld the Company’s securities immediately before such transaction. (c) Change of Control Period . “ Change of Control Period ” will mean the period beginning two (2) months prior to, and ending twelve(12) months following, a Change of Control. (d) Code . “ Code ” will mean the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. (e) Disability . “ Disability ” will mean that Executive has been unable to engage in any substantial gainful activity by reason of anymedically determinable physical or mental impairment that can be expected to result in death or can be expected to last for a continuous period of not less thantwelve (12) months. Alternatively, Executive will be deemed disabled if determined to be totally disabled by the Social Security Administration. Terminationresulting from Disability may only be effected after at least thirty (30) days’ written notice by the Company of its intention to terminate Executive’s employment. In the event that Executive resumes the performance of substantially all of Executive’s duties hereunder before the termination of Executive’s employmentbecomes effective, the notice of intent to terminate based on Disability will automatically be deemed to have been revoked. (f) Equity Awards . “ Equity Awards ” will mean Executive’s outstanding stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock units,performance shares, performance stock units and any other Company equity compensation awards. (g) Good Reason . “ Good Reason ” will mean termination of employment within forty-five (45) days following the expiration of anycure period (discussed below) following the occurrence of one or more of the following, without Executive’s express written consent: (i) a material reduction of Executive’s responsibilities relative to Executive’s responsibilities in effect immediately prior to suchreduction, provided, however, that a reduction in position or responsibilities by virtue of a Change of Control (as, for example, when the Chief Executive Officer ofthe Company remains as the senior executive officer of a division or subsidiary of the acquiring entity) shall not constitute Good Reason; (ii) a material reduction in Executive’s base salary, other than a reduction applicable to similarly situated employees generallythat does not adversely affect Executive to a greater extent than other similarly situated employees; or (iii) following a Change of Control, Executive not be provided compensation in the aggregate that is substantially similar to thatof similarly situated employees of the parent company of a control group of corporations that acquires the Company (and if the parent company is a holdingcompany, the corporation within the control group that is the controlling operating company of such control group of corporations); (iv) the relocation of Executive’s principal place of performing his or her duties as an employee of the Company by more thanfifty (50) miles. In order for an event to qualify as Good Reason, Executive must not terminate employment with the Company without first providing the Company with writtennotice of the acts or omissions constituting the grounds for “Good Reason” within ninety(90) days of the initial existence of the grounds for “Good Reason’ and a reasonable cure period of not less than thirty (30) days following the end of such notice. For purposes of the “Good Reason” definition, the term “Company” will be interpreted to include any subsidiary, parent, affiliate or successor thereto, ifapplicable. (h) Section 409A Limit . “ Section 409A Limit ” will mean two (2) times the lesser of: (i) Executive’s annualized compensation basedupon the annual rate of pay paid to Executive during the Executive’s taxable year preceding the Executive’s taxable year of Executive’s termination ofemployment as determined under, and with such adjustments as are set forth in, Treasury Regulation 1.409A-1(b)(9)(iii)(A)(1) and any Internal Revenue Serviceguidance issued with respect thereto; or (ii) the maximum amount that may be taken into account under a qualified plan pursuant to Section 401(a)(17) of the Codefor the year in which Executive’s employment is terminated. 7. Successors . (a) The Company’s Successors . Any successor to the Company (whether direct or indirect and whether by purchase, merger,consolidation, liquidation or otherwise) to all or substantially all of the Company’s business and/or assets will assume the obligations under this Agreement andagree expressly to perform the obligations under this Agreement in the same manner and to the same extent as the Company would be required to perform suchobligations in the absence of a succession. For all purposes under this Agreement, the term “Company” will include any successor to the Company’s businessand/or assets which executes and delivers the assumption agreement described in this Section 7(a) or which becomes bound by the terms of this Agreement byoperation of law. (b) Executive’s Successors . The terms of this Agreement and all rights of Executive hereunder will inure to the benefit of, and beenforceable by, Executive’s personal or legal representatives, executors, administrators, successors, heirs, distributees, devisees and legatees. 8. Notice . (a) General . Notices and all other communications contemplated by this Agreement will be in writing and will be deemed to have beenduly given when sent electronically or personally delivered when mailed by U.S. registered or certified mail, return receipt requested and postage prepaid or whendelivered by a private courier service such as UPS, DHL or Federal Express that has tracking capability. In the case of Executive, notices will be sent to the e-mailaddress or addressed to Executive at the home address, in either case which Executive most recently communicated to the Company in writing. In the case of theCompany, electronic notices will be sent to the e-mail address of the Chief Executive Officer and the General Counsel and mailed notices will be addressed to itscorporate headquarters, and all notices will be directed to the attention of its Chief Executive Officer and General Counsel. (b) Notice of Termination . Any termination by the Company for Cause or by Executive for Good Reason will be communicated by anotice of termination to the other party hereto given in accordance with Section 8(a) of this Agreement. Such notice will indicate the specific termination provisionin this Agreement relied upon, will set forth in reasonable detail the facts and circumstances claimed to provide a basis for termination under the provision soindicated, and will specify the termination date (which will be not more than ninety (90) days after the giving of such notice). 9. Resignation . Upon the termination of Executive’s employment for any reason, Executive will be deemed to have resigned from all officerand/or director positions held at the Company and its affiliates voluntarily, without any further required action by Executive, as of the end of Executive’semployment and Executive, at the Board’s request, will execute any documents reasonably necessary to reflect Executive’s resignation. 10. Arbitration . (a) Arbitration . In consideration of Executive’s employment with the Company, its promise to arbitrate all employment - related disputes,and Executive’s receipt of the compensation, pay raises and other benefits paid to Executive by the Company, at present and in the future, Executive agrees thatany and all controversies, claims, or disputes with anyone (including the Company and any employee, officer, director, stockholder or benefit plan of the Companyin their capacity as such or otherwise) arising out of, relating to, or resulting from Executive’s employment with the Company or termination thereof, including anybreach of this Agreement, will be subject to binding arbitration under the Arbitration Rules set forth in California Code of Civil Procedure Section 1280 through1294.2, including Section 1281.8 (the “ Act ”), and pursuant toCalifornia law. The Federal Arbitration Act will also apply with full force and effect, notwithstanding the application of procedural rules set forth under the Act. (b) Dispute Resolution . Disputes that Executive agrees to arbitrate, and thereby agrees to waive any right to a trial by jury,include any statutory claims under local, state, or federal law , including, but not limited to, claims under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, theAmericans with Disabilities Act of 1990, the Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967, the Older Workers Benefit Protection Act, the Sarbanes Oxley Act,the Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification Act, the California Fair Employment and Housing Act, the Family and Medical Leave Act, the CaliforniaFamily Rights Act, the California Labor Code, claims of harassment, discrimination, and wrongful termination, and any statutory or common law claims. Executive further understands that this Agreement to arbitrate also applies to any disputes that the Company may have with Executive. (c) Procedure . Executive agrees that any arbitration will be administered by the Judicial Arbitration & Mediation Services, Inc. (“ JAMS”), pursuant to its Employment Arbitration Rules & Procedures (the “ JAMS Rules ”). The arbitrator will have the power to decide any motions brought by anyparty to the arbitration, including motions for summary judgment and/or adjudication, motions to dismiss and demurrers, and motions for class certification, priorto any arbitration hearing. The arbitrator will have the power to award any remedies available under applicable law, and the arbitrator will award attorneys’ feesand costs to the prevailing party, except as prohibited by law. The Company will pay for any administrative or hearing fees charged by the administrator or JAMS,and all arbitrator’s fees, except that Executive will pay any filing fees associated with any arbitration that Executive initiates, but only so much of the filing fee asExecutive would have instead paid had Executive filed a complaint in a court of law. Executive agrees that the arbitrator will administer and conduct anyarbitration in accordance with California law, including the California Code of Civil Procedure and the California Evidence Code, and that the arbitrator will applysubstantive and procedural California law to any dispute or claim, without reference to the rules of conflict of law. To the extent that the JAMS Rules conflict withCalifornia law, California law will take precedence. The decision of the arbitrator will be in writing. Any arbitration under this Agreement will be conducted inSan Mateo County, California. (d) Remedy . Except as provided by the Act, arbitration will be the sole, exclusive, and final remedy for any dispute between Executiveand the Company. Accordingly, except as provided by the Act and this Agreement, neither Executive nor the Company will be permitted to pursue courtaction regarding claims that are subject to arbitration . Notwithstanding, the arbitrator will not have the authority to disregard or refuse to enforce any lawfulCompany policy, and the arbitrator will not order or require the Company to adopt a policy not otherwise required by law which the Company has not adopted. (e) Administrative Relief . Executive is not prohibited from pursuing an administrative claim with a local, state, or federal administrativebody or government agency that is authorized to enforce or administer laws related to employment, including, but not limited to, the Department of FairEmployment and Housing, the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, the National Labor Relations Board, or the Workers’ Compensation Board. However, Executive may not pursue court action regarding any such claim, except as permitted by law. (f) Voluntary Nature of Agreement . Executive acknowledges and agrees that Executive is executing this Agreement voluntarily andwithout any duress or undue influence by the Company or anyone else. Executive further acknowledges and agrees that Executive has carefully read thisAgreement and that Executive has asked any questions needed for Executive to understand the terms, consequences and binding effect of this Agreement and fullyunderstands it, including that EXECUTIVE IS WAIVING EXECUTIVE’S RIGHT TO A JURY TRIAL . Finally, Executive agrees that Executive has beenprovided an opportunity to seek the advice of an attorney of Executive’s choice before signing this Agreement. 11. Miscellaneous Provisions . (a) No Duty to Mitigate . Executive will not be required to mitigate the amount of any payment contemplated by this Agreement, nor willany such payment be reduced by any earnings that Executive may receive from any other source. (b) Waiver . No provision of this Agreement will be modified, waived or discharged unless the modification, waiver or discharge isagreed to in writing and signed by Executive and by an authorized officer of the Company (other than Executive). No waiver by either party of any breach of, or ofcompliance with, any condition or provision of this Agreement by the other party will be considered a waiver of any other condition or provision or of the samecondition or provision at another time. (c) Headings . All captions and section headings used in this Agreement are for convenient reference only and do not form a part of thisAgreement. (d) Entire Agreement . This Agreement constitutes the entire agreement of the parties hereto and supersedes in their entirety all priorrepresentations, understandings, undertakings or agreements (whether oral or written and whether expressed or implied) of the parties with respect to the subjectmatter hereof, [including, but not limited to any rights to extended post-termination exercise period, severance and/or change of control benefits set forth inExecutive’s offer letter dated August 4, 2015]. No waiver, alteration, or modification of any of the provisions of this Agreement will be binding unless in writingand signed by duly authorized representatives of the parties hereto and which specifically mention this Agreement. (e) Choice of Law . The validity, interpretation, construction and performance of this Agreement will be governed by the laws of the Stateof California (with the exception of its conflict of laws provisions). Any claims or legal actions by one party against the other arising out of the relationshipbetween the parties contemplated herein (whether or not arising under this Agreement) will be commenced or maintained in any state or federal court located in thejurisdiction where Executive resides, and Executive and the Company hereby submit to the jurisdiction and venue of any such court. (f) Severability . The invalidity or unenforceability of any provision or provisions of this Agreement will not affect the validity orenforceability of any other provision hereof, which will remain in full force and effect. (g) Withholding . All payments made pursuant to this Agreement will be subject to withholding of applicable income, employment andother taxes. (h) Counterparts . This Agreement may be executed in counterparts, each of which will be deemed an original, but all of which togetherwill constitute one and the same instrument. [Signature Page to Follow] IN WITNESS WHEREOF, each of the parties has executed this Agreement, in the case of the Company by its duly authorized officer, as of the day andyear set forth below. COMPANYVERACYTE, INC. By:/s/ Bonnie H. Anderson Title: Chairman of the Board, President & Chief Executive Officer Date:February 21, 2017 EXECUTIVEBy:/s/ Keith S. Kennedy Title: Chief Financial Officer Date:February 15, 2017 [signature page of the Change of Control and Severance Agreement] EXHIBIT A FORM OF RELEASE OF CLAIMS This release of claims (this “ Agreement ”) is made by and between Veracyte, Inc. (the “ Company ”), and Keith Kennedy (“ Executive ”). The Companyand Executive are sometimes collectively referred to herein as the “ Parties ” and individually referred to as a “ Party .” RECITALS [WHEREAS , Executive signed a [Confidential Information and Invention Assignment Agreement] with the Company on February 17, 2017 (the “Confidentiality Agreement ”);] WHEREAS, Executive signed a Change of Control and Severance Agreement with the company on February 15, 2017 (the “ Change of ControlAgreement ”), which, among other things, provides for certain severance benefits to be paid to Executive by the Company upon the termination of Executive’semployment following a Change of Control (as defined in the Change of Control Agreement) of the Company; WHEREAS, Executive was employed by the Company until , when Executive’s employment was terminated following a Change ofControl (“ Termination Date ”); WHEREAS, in accordance with Section 4 of the Change of Control and Severance Agreement between the Company and Executive, Executive hasagreed to enter into and not revoke a standard release of claims in favor of the Company as a condition to receiving the severance benefits described in the Changeof Control Agreement; and WHEREAS, the Parties wish to resolve any and all disputes, claims, complaints, grievances, charges, actions, petitions and demands that Executive mayhave against the Company and any of the Releasees (as defined below), including, but not limited to, any and all claims arising out of or in any way related toExecutive’s employment relationship with the Company and the termination of that relationship. NOW THEREFORE, for good and valuable consideration, including the mutual promises and covenants made herein, the Company and Executivehereby agree as follows: COVENANTS 1. Termination . Executive’s employment with the Company terminated on the Termination Date. 2. Payment of Salary and Receipt of All Benefits . Executive acknowledges and represents that, other than the consideration to be paid inaccordance with the terms and conditions of the Change of Control Agreement, the Company has paid or provided all salary, wages, bonuses, accruedvacation/paid time off, premiums, leaves, housing allowances, relocation costs, interest, severance, outplacement costs, fees, reimbursable expenses, commissions,draws, stock, stock options or other equity awards (including restricted stock unit awards), vesting, and any and all other benefits and compensation due toExecutive and that no other reimbursements or compensation are owed to Executive. 3. Release of Claims . Executive agrees that the consideration to be paid in accordance with the terms and conditions of the Severance Agreementrepresents settlement in full of all outstanding obligations owed to Executive by the Company and its current and former officers, directors, employees, agents,investors, attorneys, stockholders, administrators, affiliates, benefit plans, plan administrators, insurers, trustees, divisions, and subsidiaries, and predecessor andsuccessor corporations and assigns (collectively, the “ Releasees ”). Executive, on Executive’s own behalf and on behalf of Executive’s respective heirs, familymembers, executors, agents, and assigns, hereby and forever releases the Releasees from, and agrees not to sue concerning, or in any manner to institute, prosecute,or pursue, any claim, complaint, charge, duty, obligation, demand, or cause of action relating to any matters of any kind, whether presently known or unknown,suspected or unsuspected, that Executive may possess against any of the Releasees arising from any omissions, acts, facts, or damages that have occurred up untiland including the Effective Date of this Agreement, including, without limitation the following: (a) any and all claims relating to or arising from Executive’s employment relationship with the Company and the termination of thatrelationship; (b) any and all claims relating to, or arising from, Executive’s right to purchase, or actual purchase of shares of stock of the Company,including, without limitation, any claims for fraud, misrepresentation, breach of fiduciary duty, breach of duty under applicable state corporate law, and securitiesfraud under any state or federal law; (c) any and all claims for wrongful discharge of employment; termination in violation of public policy; discrimination; harassment;retaliation; breach of contract, both express and implied; breach of covenant of good faith and fair dealing, both express and implied; promissory estoppel;negligent or intentional infliction of emotional distress; fraud; negligent or intentional misrepresentation; negligent or intentional interference with contract orprospective economic advantage; unfair business practices; defamation; libel; slander; negligence; personal injury; assault; battery; invasion of privacy; falseimprisonment; conversion; and disability benefits; (d) any and all claims for violation of any federal, state, or municipal statute, including, but not limited to, Title VII of the Civil Rights Actof 1964; the Civil Rights Act of 1991; the Rehabilitation Act of 1973; the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990; the Equal Pay Act; the Fair Labor StandardsAct; the Fair Credit Reporting Act; the Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967; the Older Workers Benefit Protection Act; the Employee RetirementIncome Security Act of 1974; the Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification Act; the Family and Medical Leave Act; the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002; [theCalifornia Family Rights Act]; [the California Labor Code]; [the California Workers’ Compensation Act]; and [the California Fair Employment and Housing Act];References to California statutes will only be included in this Agreement if Executive resides in California at the time Executive’s employment relationship isterminated. Otherwise, statutes specific to the state in which Executive resides at the time of termination will be substituted. (e) any and all claims for violation of the federal, or any state, constitution; (f) any and all claims arising out of any other laws and regulations relating to employment or employment discrimination; (g) any claim for any loss, cost, damage, or expense arising out of any dispute over the non-withholding or other tax treatment of any ofthe proceeds received by Executive as a result of this Agreement; and (h) any and all claims for attorneys’ fees and costs. Executive agrees that the release set forth in this Section 3 (the “ Release ”) will be and remain in effect in all respects as a complete general release as to thematters released. The Release does not extend to any severance obligations due Executive under the Severance Agreement. The Release does not release claimsthat cannot be released as a matter of law, including, but not limited to, Executive’s right to file a charge with or participate in a charge by the Equal EmploymentOpportunity Commission, or any other local, state, or federal administrative body or government agency that is authorized to enforce or administer laws related toemployment, against the Company (with the understanding that any such filing or participation does not give Executive the right to recover any monetary damagesagainst the Company; Executive’s release of claims herein bars Executive from recovering such monetary relief from the Company). Executive represents thatExecutive has made no assignment or transfer of any right, claim, complaint, charge, duty, obligation, demand, cause of action, or other matter waived or releasedby this Section 3 . Nothing in this Agreement waives Executive’s rights to indemnification or any payments under any fiduciary insurance policy, if any, providedby any act or agreement of the Company, state or federal law or policy of insurance. 4. [ Acknowledgment of Waiver of Claims under ADEA . Executive acknowledges that Executive is waiving and releasing any rights Executivemay have under the Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967 (“ ADEA ”) and that this waiver and release is knowing and voluntary. Executive agrees thatthis waiver and release does not apply to any rights or claims that may arise under the ADEA after the Effective Date of this Agreement. Executive acknowledgesthat the consideration given for this waiver and release Agreement is in addition to anything of value to which Executive was already entitled. Executive furtheracknowledges that Executive has been advised by this writing that (a) Executive should consult with an attorney prior to executing this Agreement; (b) Executivehas at least 21 days within which to consider this Agreement; (c) Executive has 7 days following the execution of this Agreement by the parties to revoke theAgreement; (d) this Agreement will not be effective until the revocation period has expired; and (e) nothing in this Agreement prevents or precludes Executivefrom challenging or seeking a determination in good faith of the validity of this waiver under the ADEA, nor does it impose any condition precedent, penalties orcosts for doing so, unless specifically authorized by federal law. In the event Executive signs this Agreement and delivers it to the Company in less than the 21-dayperiod identified above, Executive hereby acknowledges that Executive has freely and voluntarily chosen to waive the time period allotted for considering thisAgreement. Executive acknowledges and understands that revocation must be accomplished by a written notification to the Chief Legal Officer of the Companythat is received prior to the Effective Date.] This provision will only be included in this Agreement if Executive is age 40 or older at the time Executive’semployment relationship is terminated. 5. [ California Civil Code Section 1542 . Executive acknowledges that Executive has been advised to consult with legal counsel and is familiarwith the provisions of California Civil Code Section 1542, a statute that otherwise prohibits the release of unknown claims, which provides as follows: A GENERAL RELEASE DOES NOT EXTEND TO CLAIMS WHICH THE CREDITOR DOES NOT KNOW OR SUSPECT TO EXIST INHIS OR HER FAVOR AT THE TIME OF EXECUTING THE RELEASE, WHICH IF KNOWN BY HIM OR HER MUST HAVEMATERIALLY AFFECTED HIS OR HER SETTLEMENT WITH THE DEBTOR. Executive, being aware of California Civil Code Section 1542, agrees to expressly waive any rights Executive may have thereunder, as well as under any otherstatute or common law principles of similar effect. OR Unknown Claims . Executive acknowledges that Executive has been advised to consult with legal counsel and that Executive is familiar with the principle that ageneral release does not extend to claims that the releaser does not know or suspect to exist in his or her favor at the time of executing the release, which, if knownby him or her, must have materially affected his or her settlement with the releasee. Executive, being aware of this principle, agrees to expressly waive any rightsExecutive may have to that effect, as well as under any other statute or common law principles of similar effect.] If Executive resides in California at the timeExecutive’s employment relationship is terminated, the first provision - “ California Civil Code Section 1542 ” - will be included in this Agreement, otherwise thesecond provision - “ Unknown Claims ” - will be used. 6. No Pending or Future Lawsuits . Executive represents that Executive has no lawsuits, claims, or actions pending in Executive’s name, or onbehalf of any other person or entity, against the Company or any of the other Releasees. Executive also represents that Executive does not intend to bring anyclaims on Executive’s own behalf or on behalf of any other person or entity against the Company or any of the other Releasees. Executive confirms that Executivehas no knowledge of any wrongdoing involving improper or false claims against a federal or state governmental agency, or any other wrongdoing that involvesExecutive or any other present or former Company employees, including violations of the federal and state securities laws or the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. 7. Sufficiency of Consideration . Executive hereby acknowledges and agrees that Executive has received good and sufficient consideration forevery promise, duty, release, obligation, agreement and right contained in this Release. 8. Confidential Information . Executive reaffirms and agrees to observe and abide by the terms of the Confidentiality Agreement, specificallyincluding the provisions therein regarding nondisclosure of the Company’s trade secrets and confidential and proprietary information, which agreement willcontinue in force; provided, however , that: (a) as to any provisions regarding competition contained in the Confidentiality Agreement that conflict with theprovisions regarding competition contained in the Severance Agreement, the provisions of the Severance Agreement will control; (b) as to any provisionsregarding solicitation of employees contained in the Confidentiality Agreement that conflict with the provisions regarding solicitation of employees contained inthis Agreement, the provisions of this Agreement will control. 9. Return of Company Property; Passwords and Password-protected Documents . Executive confirms that Executive has returned to the Companyin good working order all keys, files, records (and copies thereof), equipment (including, but not limited to, computer hardware, software and printers, wirelesshandheld devices, cellular phones and pagers), access or credit cards, Company identification, and any other Company-owned property in Executive’s possessionor control. Executive further confirms that Executive has cancelled all accounts for Executive’s benefit, if any, in the Company’s name, including, but not limitedto, credit cards, telephone charge cards, cellular phone and/or pager accounts and computer accounts. Executive also confirms that Executive has delivered allpasswords in use by Executive at the time of Executive’s termination, a list of any documents that Executive created or of which Executive is otherwise aware thatare password-protected, along with the password(s) necessary to access such password-protected documents. 10. No Cooperation . Executive agrees that Executive will not knowingly encourage, counsel, or assist any attorneys or their clients in thepresentation or prosecution of any disputes, differences, grievances, claims, charges, or complaints by any third party against any of the Releasees, unless under asubpoena or other court order to do so or as related directly to the ADEA waiver in this Agreement. Executive agrees both to immediately notify the Companyupon receipt of any such subpoena or court order, and to furnish, within three (3) business days of its receipt, a copy of such subpoena or other court order. Ifapproached by anyone for counsel or assistance in the presentation or prosecution of any disputes, differences, grievances, claims, charges, or complaints againstany of the Releasees, Executive will state no more than that Executive cannot provide any such counsel or assistance. 11. Nondisparagement . Executive agrees that Executive will not in any way, directly or indirectly, do or say anything at any time which disparagesthe Company, its business interests or reputation, or that of any of the other Released Parties. 12. No Admission of Liability . Executive understands and acknowledges that this Agreement constitutes a compromise and settlement of any andall actual or potential disputed claims by Executive. No action taken by the Company hereto, either previously or in connection with this Agreement, will bedeemed or construed to be (a) an admission of the truth or falsity of any actual or potential claims or (b) an acknowledgment or admission by the Company of anyfault or liability whatsoever to Executive or to any third party. 13. Solicitation of Employees . Executive agrees that for a period of 12 months immediately following the Effective Date of this Agreement,Executive will not directly or indirectly (a) solicit, induce, recruit or encourage any of the Company’s employees to leave their employment at the Company or(b) attempt to solicit, induce, recruit or encourage, either for Executive or for any other person or entity, any of the Company’s employees to leave theiremployment. 14. Costs . The Parties will each bear their own costs, attorneys’ fees and other fees incurred in connection with the preparation of this Agreement. 15. Arbitration . THE PARTIES AGREE THAT ANY AND ALL DISPUTES ARISING OUT OF THE TERMS OF THIS AGREEMENT, THEIRINTERPRETATION, AND ANY OF THE MATTERS HEREIN RELEASED, WILL BE SUBJECT TO ARBITRATION IN SAN MATEO COUNTY, BEFOREJUDICIAL ARBITRATION & MEDIATION SERVICES (“ JAMS ”), PURSUANT TO ITS EMPLOYMENT ARBITRATION RULES & PROCEDURES (“JAMS RULES ”). THE ARBITRATOR MAY GRANT INJUNCTIONS AND OTHER RELIEF IN SUCH DISPUTES. THE ARBITRATOR WILLADMINISTER AND CONDUCT ANY ARBITRATION IN ACCORDANCE WITH CALIFORNIA LAW, INCLUDING THE CALIFORNIA CODE OF CIVILPROCEDURE, AND THE ARBITRATOR WILL APPLY SUBSTANTIVE AND PROCEDURAL CALIFORNIA LAW TO ANY DISPUTE OR CLAIM,WITHOUT REFERENCE TO ANY CONFLICT-OF-LAW PROVISIONS OF ANY JURISDICTION. TO THE EXTENT THAT THE JAMS RULESCONFLICT WITH CALIFORNIA LAW, CALIFORNIA LAW WILL TAKE PRECEDENCE. THE DECISION OF THE ARBITRATOR WILL BE FINAL,CONCLUSIVE, AND BINDING ON THE PARTIES TO THE ARBITRATION. THE PARTIES AGREE THAT THE PREVAILING PARTY IN ANYARBITRATION WILL BE ENTITLED TO INJUNCTIVE RELIEF IN ANY COURT OF COMPETENT JURISDICTION TO ENFORCE THE ARBITRATIONAWARD. THE PARTIES TO THE ARBITRATION WILL EACH PAY AN EQUAL SHARE OF THE COSTS AND EXPENSES OF SUCH ARBITRATION,AND EACH PARTY WILL SEPARATELY PAY FOR ITS RESPECTIVE COUNSEL FEES AND EXPENSES; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, THAT THEARBITRATOR WILL AWARD ATTORNEYS’ FEES AND COSTS TO THE PREVAILING PARTY, EXCEPT AS PROHIBITED BY LAW. THE PARTIESHEREBY AGREE TO WAIVE THEIR RIGHT TO HAVE ANY DISPUTE BETWEEN THEM RESOLVED IN A COURT OF LAW BY A JUDGE OR JURY.NOTWITHSTANDING THE FOREGOING, THIS SECTION WILL NOT PREVENT EITHER PARTY FROM SEEKING INJUNCTIVE RELIEF (OR ANYOTHER PROVISIONAL REMEDY) FROM ANY COURT HAVING JURISDICTION OVER THE PARTIES AND THE SUBJECT MATTER OF THEIRDISPUTE RELATING TO THIS AGREEMENT AND THE AGREEMENTS INCORPORATED HEREIN BY REFERENCE. SHOULD ANY PART OF THEARBITRATIONAGREEMENT CONTAINED IN THIS PARAGRAPH CONFLICT WITH ANY OTHER ARBITRATION AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE PARTIES, THEPARTIES AGREE THAT THIS ARBITRATION AGREEMENT WILL GOVERN. References to California will only be included in this Agreement if Executiveresides in California at the time Executive’s employment relationship is terminated. 16. Authority . The Company represents and warrants that the undersigned has the authority to act on behalf of the Company and to bind theCompany and all who may claim through it to the terms and conditions of this Agreement. Executive represents and warrants that Executive has the capacity to acton Executive’s own behalf and on behalf of all who might claim through Executive to bind them to the terms and conditions of this Agreement. Each Partywarrants and represents that there are no liens or claims of lien or assignments in law or equity or otherwise of or against any of the claims or causes of actionreleased herein. 17. No Representations . Executive represents that Executive has had the opportunity to consult with an attorney, and has carefully read andunderstands the scope and effect of the provisions of this Agreement. Executive has relied upon any representations or statements made by the Company that arenot specifically set forth in this Agreement. 18. Severability . In the event that any provision or any portion of any provision hereof or any surviving agreement made a part hereof becomes oris declared by a court of competent jurisdiction or arbitrator to be illegal, unenforceable, or void, this Agreement will continue in full force and effect without saidprovision or portion of provision. 19. Entire Agreement . This Agreement represents the entire agreement and understanding between the Company and Executive concerning thesubject matter of this Agreement and Executive’s employment with and separation from the Company and the events leading thereto and associated therewith, andsupersedes and replaces any and all prior agreements and understandings concerning the subject matter of this Agreement and Executive’s relationship with theCompany, with the exception of the Severance Agreement, the Confidentiality Agreement, and Executive’s written equity compensation agreements with theCompany. 20. No Oral Modification . This Agreement may only be amended in writing signed by Executive and the Chairman of the Board of Directors of theCompany. 21. Governing Law . This Agreement will be governed by the laws of the State of California, without regard for choice-of-law provisions. Executiveconsents to personal and exclusive jurisdiction and venue in the State of California. References to California will only be included in this Agreement if Executiveresides in California at the time Executive’s employment relationship is terminated.22. Effective Date . [Executive understands that this Agreement will be null and void if not executed by Executive within 21 days. Each Party hasseven days after that Party signs this Agreement to revoke it. This Agreement will become effective on the eighth (8 th )day after Executive signed this Agreement,so long as it has been signed by the Parties and has not been revoked by either Party before that date (the “ Effective Date ”).] This provision will only be includedin this Agreement if Executive is age 40 or older at the time Executive’s employment relationship is terminated. OR [This Agreement will be effective after it hasbeen signed or executed by both Parties (the “ Effective Date ”)] This provision will only be included in this Agreement if Executive is under the age of 40 at thetime Executive’s employment relationship is terminated.. 23. Counterparts . This Agreement may be executed in counterparts and by facsimile, and each counterpart and facsimile will have the same forceand effect as an original and will constitute an effective, binding agreement on the part of each of the undersigned. 24. Voluntary Execution of Agreement . Executive understands and agrees that Executive executed this Agreement voluntarily, without any duressor undue influence on the part or behalf of the Company or any third party, with the full intent of releasing all of Executive’s claims against the Company and anyof the other Releasees. Executive expressly acknowledges that: (a) Executive has read this Agreement; (b) Executive has been represented in the preparation, negotiation, and execution of this Agreement by legal counsel of Executive’s ownchoice or has elected not to retain legal counsel; (c) Executive understands the terms and consequences of this Agreement and of the releases it contains; and (d) Executive is fully aware of the legal and binding effect of this Agreement. * * * * * [ Signature page to follow ] IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Parties have executed this Agreement on the respective dates set forth below. COMPANYVERACYTE, INC. By: Name: Chairman of the Board, President & CEO Title: Dated: EXECUTIVE (Signature) Dated: Exhibit 10.30FIRST AMENDMENT TO CREDIT AGREEMENTTHIS FIRST AMENDMENT TO CREDIT AGREEMENT (this “ Agreement ”) dated as of December 14, 2016 (the “ Effective Date ”) is entered intoamong Veracyte, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “ Borrower ”), the Guarantors, the Lenders party hereto and VISIUM HEALTHCARE PARTNERS, LP, aDelaware limited partnership, as Administrative Agent. All capitalized terms used herein and not otherwise defined herein shall have the meanings given to suchterms in the Credit Agreement (as defined below).RECITALSWHEREAS, the Borrower, the Guarantors, the Lenders and the Administrative Agent have entered into that certain Credit Agreement dated as of March25, 2016 (as amended or modified from time to time, the “ Credit Agreement ”); andWHEREAS, the Loan Parties and the Lenders desire to amend the Credit Agreement to modify certain provisions thereof;NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the premises and the mutual covenants contained herein, and for other good and valuable consideration, thereceipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, the parties hereto agree as follows:1. Amendments .(a) Section 8.03(e) of the Credit Agreement is hereby amended by replacing the text “$500,000” with the text “$5,000,000”.(b) Section 8.18 of the Credit Agreement is hereby amended by (i) deleting the word “and” immediately prior to clause (vi) thereof andreplacing it with a “,” and (ii) inserting the following text at the beginning of clause (vi) thereof:“other deposit and securities accounts, so long as at any time the aggregate balance in all such accounts does not exceed $1,000,000; provided ,that a Qualifying Control Agreement with respect to such account is delivered by the Loan Parties to the Administrative Agent within ninety (90)days of such account opening, and (vii)”2. Conditions Precedent . This Agreement shall be effective upon satisfaction of the following conditions precedent:(a) receipt by the Administrative Agent of counterparts of this Agreement duly executed by the Loan Parties, the Required Lenders and theAdministrative Agent;(b) receipt by Moore & Van Allen PLLC, counsel to the Administrative Agent, of its fees and expenses incurred in connection with thisAgreement.3. Miscellaneous .(a) The Credit Agreement and the obligations of the Loan Parties thereunder and under the other Loan Documents, except asexpressly modified by this Agreement, are hereby ratified and confirmed and shall remain in full force and effect according to their terms.(b) The Loan Parties hereby represent and warrant as follows:(i) Each Loan Party has taken all necessary action to authorize the execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement.(ii) This Agreement has been duly executed and delivered by such Loan Party and constitutes such Loan Party’s legal, valid andbinding obligations, enforceable in accordance with its terms, except as such enforceability may be limited by Debtor Relief Laws and generalprinciples of equity (regardless of whether such enforceability is considered in a proceeding in equity or at law).(iii) No consent, approval, exemption, authorization or other action by, or notice to, or filing with, any Governmental Authority orany other Person is necessary or required in connection with the execution, delivery or performance by any Loan Party of this Agreement.(c) The Loan Parties represent and warrant to the Lenders that after giving effect to this Agreement (i) the representations andwarranties of the Loan Parties set forth in Article VI of the Credit Agreement and in each other Loan Document are true and correct in all respects as ofthe date hereof with the same effect as if made on and as of the date hereof, except to the extent such representations and warranties expressly relatesolely to an earlier date and (ii) no event has occurred and is continuing which constitutes a Default or an Event of Default.(d) Each of the Loan Parties hereby affirms the Liens created and granted in the Loan Documents in favor of the AdministrativeAgent, for the benefit of the Secured Parties, and agrees that this Agreement does not adversely affect or impair such liens and security interests in anymanner.(e) This Agreement may be executed in any number of counterparts, each of which when so executed and delivered shall be an original, but allof which shall constitute one and the same instrument. Delivery of an executed counterpart of this Agreement by telecopy or electronic mail shall beeffective as an original and shall constitute a representation that an executed original shall be delivered.(f) THIS AGREEMENT AND THE RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS OF THE PARTIES HEREUNDER SHALL BE GOVERNED BYAND CONSTRUED AND INTERPRETED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.[remainder of page intentionally left blank]2Each of the parties hereto has caused a counterpart of this Agreement to be duly executed and delivered as of the date first above written.BORROWER: VERACYTE, INC.,: a Delaware corporation By:/s/ Bonnie Anderson Name:Bonnie Anderson TitlePresident and CEO Veracyte, Inc.First Amendment to Credit AgreementADMINISTRATIVE VISIUM HEALTHCARE PARTNERS, LP,AGENT: a Delaware limited partnership By:VISIUM HEALTHCARE ADVISORS, LP, its General Partner By:JG Asset II, LLC, its General Partner By:/s/ Mark Gottlieb Name:Mark Gottlieb TitleAuthorized Signatory Veracyte, Inc.First Amendment to Credit AgreementLENDERS: VISIUM HEALTHCARE PARTNERS, LP, a Delaware limited partnership By:VISIUM HEALTHCARE ADVISORS, LP, its General Partner By:JG Asset II, LLC, its General Partner By:/s/ Mark Gottlieb Name:Mark Gottlieb TitleAuthorized Signatory VISIUM HEALTHCARE ADVISORS (CAYMAN MASTER) FUNDS, LP By:VISIUM HEALTHCARE ADVISORS, LP, its General Partner By:JG Asset II, LLC, its General Partner By:/s/ Mark Gottlieb Name:Mark Gottlieb TitleAuthorized Signatory Veracyte, Inc.First Amendment to Credit AgreementExhibit 12.1VERACYTE, INC. STATEMENT REGARDING COMPUTATION OF RATIOS(in thousands) For the year ended December 31, 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016Earnings (deficiency): Net loss$(18,649) $(25,580) $(29,373) $(33,704) $(31,358)Add: Fixed charges24 294 511 455 2,855 Earnings (deficiency)$(18,625) $(25,286) $(28,862) $(33,249) $(28,503) Fixed Charges: Interest expense— $266 $483 $378 $2,757Estimated interest portion of rental expense24 28 28 77 98 Total fixed charges$24 $294 $511 $455 $2,855 Deficiency in the coverage of fixed charges$(18,649) $(25,580) $(29,373) $(33,704) $(31,358) Ratio of Earnings to Fixed Charges(1)(2)NM NM NM NM NM (1) The ratio of earnings to fixed charges is computed by dividing loss before taxes plus fixed charges by fixed charges. Fixed charges consist of interestexpense (including interest expense from capital leases), debt financing expense and the estimated portion of rental expense deemed by us to be representative ofthe interest factor of rental payments under operating leases. Earnings were insufficient to cover fixed charges by the amounts set forth in the table above underthe heading “Deficiency in the coverage of fixed charges.” (2) NM—Not meaningful. For the periods presented above, there were no outstanding shares of preferred stock with required dividend payments. Therefore, earnings were insufficient tocover combined fixed charges and preferred stock dividends in the same amounts referenced in the line entitled “Deficiency in the coverage of fixed charges” inthe table above.Exhibit 23.1 CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM We consent to the incorporation by reference in the following Registration Statements:(1)Registration Statements (Forms S-8 Nos. 333-191992, 333-203097, 333-205206 and 333-210185) pertaining to the 2013 Stock Incentive Plan,2008 Stock Plan and Employee Stock Purchase Plan of Veracyte, Inc., and (2) Registration Statement (Forms S-3 No. 333-205204);of our report dated March 1, 2017, with respect to the financial statements of Veracyte, Inc. included in this Annual Report (Form 10-K) of Veracyte, Inc. for theyear ended December 31, 2016./s/ Ernst & Young LLPRedwood City, California March 1, 2017Exhibit 31.1 PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICER’S CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TOSECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002 I, Bonnie H. Anderson, certify that: 1. I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of Veracyte, Inc.: 2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to makethe statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report; 3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respectsthe financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; 4. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as definedin Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for theregistrant and have: a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under oursupervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others withinthose entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed underour supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for externalpurposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about theeffectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s mostrecent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materiallyaffect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and 5. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting,to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which arereasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’sinternal control over financial reporting. Date:March 1, 2017 /s/ Bonnie H. Anderson Bonnie H. Anderson Chairman and Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)Exhibit 31.2 PRINCIPAL FINANCIAL OFFICER’S CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TOSECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002 I, Keith S. Kennedy, certify that: 1. I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of Veracyte, Inc.; 2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to makethe statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report; 3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respectsthe financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; 4. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as definedin Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for theregistrant and have: a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under oursupervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others withinthose entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed underour supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for externalpurposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about theeffectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s mostrecent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materiallyaffect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and 5. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting,to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which arereasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’sinternal control over financial reporting. Date:March 1, 2017 /s/ Keith S. Kennedy Keith S. Kennedy Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)Exhibit 32.1 CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002 In connection with the annual report of Veracyte, Inc. (the "Company") on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016, as filed with the Securities andExchange Commission on the date hereof (the "Report"), the undersigned officer of the Company certifies, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adoptedpursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that, to such officer's knowledge:(1)The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and(2)The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.Date:March 1, 2017 /s/ Bonnie H. Anderson Bonnie H. Anderson Chairman and Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)Exhibit 32.2CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002 In connection with the annual report of Veracyte, Inc. (the "Company") on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016, as filed with the Securities andExchange Commission on the date hereof (the "Report"), the undersigned officer of the Company certifies, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adoptedpursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that, to such officer's knowledge:(1)The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and(2)The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.Date:March 1, 2017 /s/ Keith S. Kennedy Keith S. Kennedy Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)
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