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Vertex Energy

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FY2017 Annual Report · Vertex Energy
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SECURITIES & EXCHANGE COMMISSION EDGAR FILING

Vertex Energy Inc.

Form: 10-K 

Date Filed: 2018-03-07

Corporate Issuer CIK:   890447

© Copyright 2018, Issuer Direct Corporation. All Right Reserved. Distribution of this document is strictly prohibited, subject to the terms of use.

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

☑ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF
THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended  December 31, 2017

TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

FOR THE TRANSITION PERIOD FROM _____________ TO _____________

Commission File Number  001-11476

———————
VERTEX ENERGY, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
———————

NEVADA

(State or other jurisdiction of

incorporation or organization)

1331 GEMINI STREET, SUITE 250
HOUSTON, TEXAS

(Address of principal executive offices)

94-3439569

(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

77058

(Zip Code)

Registrant's telephone number, including area code: 866-660-8156

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:  

Title of each class

Common Stock,
$0.001 Par Value Per Share

Name of each exchange on which registered

The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC
(Nasdaq Capital Market)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:  None

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes  ❑ No ☑    

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes  ❑   No ☑

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the
preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the
past 90 days.     Yes x No  ❑   

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be
submitted  and  posted  pursuant  to  Rule  405  of  Regulation  S-T  (§232.405  of  this  chapter)  during  the  preceding  12  months  (or  for  such  shorter  period  that  the
registrant was required to submit and post such files).   Yes  ☑    No  ❑

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (§ 229.405 of this chapter) is not contained herein, and will not be
contained,  to  the  best  of  registrant’s  knowledge,  in  definitive  proxy  or  information  statements  incorporated  by  reference  in  Part  III  of  this  Form  10-K  or  any
amendment to this Form 10-K. ❑

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, and accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company.  See the
definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer ❑

Non-accelerated filer ❑

Emerging growth ❑

Accelerated filer ❑

Smaller reporting company ☑

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or
revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.    ❑

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Yes   ❑ No  ☑

The aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates computed by reference to the price at which the common equity
was last sold as of the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter was approximately $25,601,021.

State  the  number  of  shares  of  the  issuer’s  common  stock  outstanding,  as  of  the  latest  practicable  dat e:  33,158,176  shares  of  common  stock  issued  and
outstanding as of March 6, 2018.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

Portions  of  the  registrant’s  definitive  proxy  statement  relating  to  its  2018  annual  meeting  of  shareholders  (the  “ 2018  Proxy  Statement”)  are  incorporated  by

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reference  into  Part  III  of  this  Annual  Report  on  Form  10-K  where  indicated.  The  2018  Proxy  Statement  will  be  filed  with  the  U.S.  Securities  and  Exchange
Commission within 120 days after the end of the fiscal year to which this report relates.

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FORM 10-K
FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,  2017
TABLE OF CONTENTS 

Part I

Item 1.

Business

Item 1A.

Risk Factors

Item 1B.

Unresolved Staff Comments

Item 2.

Properties

Item 3.

Legal Proceedings

Item 4.

Mine Safety Disclosures

Item 5.

Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

Part II

Item 6.

Selected Financial Data

Item 7.

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Item 8.

Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

Item 9.

Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure

Item 9A.

Controls and Procedures

Item 9B. Other Information

Item 10.

Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance

Item 11.

Executive Compensation

Part III

Item 12.

Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters

Item 13.

Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence

Item 14.

Principal Accountant Fees and Services

Part IV

Item 15.

Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules

1

15

43

43

44

45

46

53

54

76

F-1

88

88

89

90

90

90

90

90

91

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CAUTIONARY STATEMENT REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING INFORMATION

PART I

This Report contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the
Securities  Exchange  Act  of  1934,  as  amended.  In  some  cases,  you  can  identify  forward-looking  statements  by  the  following  words:  “anticipate,”  “believe,”
“continue,”  “could,”  “estimate,”  “expect,”  “intend,”  “may,”  “ongoing,”  “plan,”  “potential,”  “predict,”  “project,”  “should,”  or  the  negative  of  these  terms  or  other
comparable terminology, although not all forward-looking statements contain these words. Forward-looking statements are not a guarantee of future performance
or results, and will not necessarily be accurate indications of the times at, or by, which such performance or results will be achieved. Forward-looking statements
are based on information available at the time the statements are made and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our
results, levels of activity, performance or achievements to be materially different from the information expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements in
this Report. These factors include:

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risks associated with our outstanding credit facilities, including amounts owed, restrictive covenants, security interests thereon and our ability to repay
such facilities and amounts due thereon when due;

the level of competition in our industry and our ability to compete;

our ability to respond to changes in our industry;

the loss of key personnel or failure to attract, integrate and retain additional personnel;

our ability to protect our intellectual property and not infringe on others’ intellectual property;

our ability to scale our business;

our ability to maintain supplier relationships and obtain adequate supplies of feedstocks;

our ability to obtain and retain customers;

our ability to produce our products at competitive rates;

our ability to execute our business strategy in a very competitive environment;

trends in, and the market for, the price of oil and gas and alternative energy sources;

our ability to maintain our relationship with KMTEX;

the impact of competitive services and products;

our ability to integrate acquisitions;

our ability to complete future acquisitions;

our ability to maintain insurance;

potential future litigation, judgments and settlements;

rules and regulations making our operations more costly or restrictive;

changes in environmental and other laws and regulations and risks associated with such laws and regulations;

economic downturns both in the United States and globally;

risk of increased regulation of our operations and products;

negative publicity and public opposition to our operations;

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•

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disruptions in the infrastructure that we and our partners rely on;

an inability to identify attractive acquisition opportunities and successfully negotiate acquisition terms;

our ability to effectively integrate acquired assets, companies, employees or businesses;

liabilities associated with acquired companies, assets or businesses;

interruptions at our facilities;

required earn-out payments and other contingent payments we are required to make;

unexpected changes in our anticipated capital expenditures resulting from unforeseen required maintenance, repairs, or upgrades;

our ability to acquire and construct new facilities;

certain events of default which have occurred under our debt facilities and previously been waived;

prohibitions on borrowing and other covenants of our debt facilities;

our ability to effectively manage our growth;

repayment of and covenants in our debt facilities;

the lack of capital available on acceptable terms to finance our continued growth; and

other risk factors included under “ Risk Factors” in this Report.

You  should  read  the  matters  described  in  “ Risk  Factors”  and  the  other  cautionary  statements  made  in  this  Report  as  being  applicable  to  all  related
forward-looking  statements  wherever  they  appear  in  this  Report.  We  cannot  assure  you  that  the  forward-looking  statements  in  this  Report  will  prove  to  be
accurate  and  therefore  prospective  investors  are  encouraged  not  to  place  undue  reliance  on  forward-looking  statements.  Other  than  as  required  by  law,  we
undertake no obligation to update or revise these forward-looking statements, even though our situation may change in the future.

Please see the “Glossary of Selected Terms” incorporated by reference as Exhibit 99.1 hereto, for a list of abbreviations and definitions used throughout

this report.

In  this  Annual  Report  on  Form  10-K,  we  may  rely  on  and  refer  to  information  regarding  the  refining,  re-refining,  used  oil  and  oil  and  gas  industries  in
general  from  market  research  reports,  analyst  reports  and  other  publicly  available  information.  Although  we  believe  that  this  information  is  reliable,  we  cannot
guarantee the accuracy and completeness of this information, and we have not independently verified any of it.

Unless  the  context  requires  otherwise,  references  to  the  " Company,"  " we,"  " us,"  " our,"  " Vertex,"  " Vertex  Energy"  and  " Vertex  Energy,  Inc."  refer

specifically to Vertex Energy, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries.

In addition, unless the context otherwise requires and for the purposes of this report only:

"Exchange Act" refers to the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended;

"SEC" or the " Commission" refers to the United States Securities and Exchange Commission; and

"Securities Act" refers to the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

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Where You Can Find Other Information

We file annual, quarterly, and current reports, proxy statements and other information with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“ SEC”). Our SEC
filings are available to the public over the Internet at the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov and are available for download, free of charge, soon after such reports
are filed with or furnished to the SEC, on the “Investor Relations,” “SEC Filings” page of our website at www.vertexenergy.com. Information on our website is not
part of this Report, and we do not desire to incorporate by reference such information herein. You may also read and copy any documents we file with the SEC at
the SEC’s Public Reference Room at 100 F Street N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549. You can also obtain copies of the document upon the payment of a duplicating
fee to the SEC. Please call the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330 for further information on the operation of the Public Reference Room. The SEC maintains an Internet
site  that  contains  reports,  proxy  and  information  statements,  and  other  information  regarding  issuers  that  file  electronically  with  the  SEC  like  us.  Copies  of
documents filed by us with the SEC are also available from us without charge, upon oral or written request to our Secretary, who can be contacted at the address
and telephone number set forth on the cover page of this Report.

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Item 1. Business

Corporate History:

We were formed as a Nevada corporation on May 14, 2008. Pursuant to an Amended and Restated Agreement and Plan of Merger dated May 19, 2008,
by and between Vertex Holdings, L.P. (formerly Vertex Energy, L.P.), a Texas limited partnership (“Holdings”), us, World Waste Technologies, Inc., a California
corporation (“WWT” or “World Waste”), Vertex Merger Sub, LLC, a California limited liability company and our wholly-owned subsidiary (“ Merger Subsidiary ”), and
Benjamin P. Cowart, our Chief Executive Officer, as agent for our shareholders (as amended from time to time, the “Merger Agreement”). Effective on April 16,
2009,  World  Waste  merged  with  and  into  Merger  Subsidiary,  with  Merger  Subsidiary  continuing  as  the  surviving  corporation  and  becoming  our  wholly-owned
subsidiary (the “Merger”). In connection with the Merger, (i) each outstanding share of World Waste common stock was cancelled and exchanged for 0.10 shares
of  our  common  stock;  (ii)  each  outstanding  share  of  World  Waste  Series  A  preferred  stock  was  cancelled  and  exchanged  for  0.4062  shares  of  our  Series  A
preferred  stock;  and  (iii)  each  outstanding  share  of  World  Waste  Series  B  preferred  stock  was  cancelled  and  exchanged  for  11.651  shares  of  our  Series  A
preferred stock.

Additionally,  as  a  result  of  the  Merger,  as  the  successor  entity  of  World  Waste,  we  assumed  World  Waste’s  filing  obligations  with  the  Securities  and
Exchange  Commission  and  our  common  stock  began  trading  on  the  Over-The-Counter  Bulletin  Board  under  the  symbol  “VTNR.OB”  effective  May  4,  2009.
Subsequently, effective February 13, 2013, our common stock began trading on the NASDAQ Capital Market under the symbol “VTNR”. Finally, as a result of the
Merger,  the  common  stock  of  World  Waste  was  effectively  reversed  one  for  ten  (10)  as  a  result  of  the  exchange  ratios  set  forth  in  the  Merger,  and  unless
otherwise noted, the impact of such effective reverse stock split, created by the exchange ratio set forth above, is retroactively reflected throughout this Report.

Prior Material Acquisitions

Effective  as  of  August  31,  2012,  we  acquired  100%  of  the  outstanding  equity  interests  of  Vertex  Acquisition  Sub,  LLC  (“ Acquisition  Sub”),  a  special
purpose entity consisting of substantially all of the assets of Holdings and real-estate properties of B & S Cowart Family L.P. (“B&S  LP”  and  the  “Acquisition”).
Prior to closing the Acquisition, Holdings contributed to Acquisition Sub substantially all of its assets and liabilities relating to the business of transporting, storing,
processing and re-refining petroleum products, crudes and used lubricants, including all of the outstanding equity interests in Holdings’ wholly-owned operating
subsidiaries, Cedar Marine Terminals, L.P. (“CMT” or "Cedar Marine Terminals"), which operates a 19-acre bulk liquid storage facility and terminal on the Houston
Ship  Channel,  which  serves  as  a  truck-in,  barge-out  facility  and  provides  throughput  terminal  operations  and  which  terminal  is  also  the  site  of  our  proprietary,
patented,  Thermal  Chemical  Extraction  Process  ("TCEP")  (described  below);  Crossroad  Carriers,  L.P.  (“ Crossroad”)  is  a  common  carrier  that  provides
transportation  and  logistical  services  for  liquid  petroleum  products,  as  well  as  other  hazardous  materials  and  product  streams;  Vertex  Recovery,  L.P.  (“Vertex
Recovery”), a generator solutions company for the recycling and collection of used oil and oil-related residual materials from large regional and national customers
throughout the U.S. and Canada, which it facilitates through a network of independent recyclers and franchise collectors; and H&H Oil, L.P. (“H&H  Oil”),  which
collects  and  recycles  used  oil  and  residual  materials  from  customers  based  in  Austin,  Baytown,  Dallas,  San  Antonio  and  Corpus  Christi,  Texas  and  B&S  LP
contributed real estate associated with the operations of H&H Oil.

Benjamin P. Cowart, our Chief Executive Officer, President, Chairman and largest shareholder directly or indirectly owned a 77% interest in Holdings and
a 100% interest in B&S LP at the time of the acquisition. Additionally, Chris Carlson, our Chief Financial Officer, owned a 10% interest in Holdings at the time of
the acquisition.

In October, 2013, January 2014 and September 2014, we completed various transactions whereby we acquired 100% of E-Source Holdings, LLC (“ E-
Source”),  a  company  that  leased  and  operated  a  facility  located  in  Houston,  Texas,  and  provides  dismantling,  demolition,  decommission  and  marine  salvage
services at industrial facilities throughout the Gulf Coast. E-Source also owns and operates a fleet of trucks and other vehicles used for shipping and handling
equipment and scrap materials. E-Source falls under our Recovery division.

In May, 2014, we acquired certain of the assets of Omega Refining, LLC (“ Omega Refining”), Bango Refining NV, LLC (“ Bango Refining”)  and  Omega
Holdings Company LLC (“Omega Holdings” and collectively with Omega Refining and Bango Refining, “ Omega” or the “sellers”) related to (1) the operation of oil
re-refineries  and,  in  connection  therewith,  purchasing  used  lubricating  oils  and  re-refining  such  oils  into  processed  oils  and  other  products  for  the  distribution,
supply and sale to end-customers and (2) the provision of related products and support services. Specifically, the assets included Omega’s Marrero, Louisiana
plant  which  produces  vacuum  gas  oil  (VGO)  and  a  Bango,  Nevada  plant  which  produces  base  lubricating  oils.  Omega  also  operated  Golden  State  Lubricants
Works, LLC (“Golden State”), a strategic blending and storage facility located in Bakersfield, California,

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which we acquired in the acquisition and have since ceased operations at. In connection with the acquisition, we also acquired certain of Omega's prepaid assets
and  inventory. We acquired the assets in the name of our indirect wholly-owned subsidiary, Vertex Refining LA, LLC. The assets and operations acquired from
Omega fall under our Black Oil division.

In December, 2014, we acquired substantially all of the assets of Warren Ohio Holdings Co., LLC, f/k/a Heartland Group Holdings, LLC (“ Heartland”)
related to and used in an oil re-refinery and, in connection with the collecting, aggregating and purchasing of used lubricating oils and the re-refining of such oils
into  processed  oils  and  other  products  for  the  distribution,  supply  and  sale  to  end-customers,  including  raw  materials,  finished  products  and  work-in-process,
equipment  and  other  fixed  assets,  customer  lists  and  marketing  information,  the  name  ‘Heartland’  and  other  related  trade  names,  Heartland’s  real  property
relating  to  its  used  oil  refining  facility  located  in  Columbus,  Ohio,  used  oil  storage  and  transfer  facilities  located  in  Columbus,  Zanesville  and  Norwalk,  Ohio
(provided that the acquisition of the Norwalk, Ohio location is subject to the terms and conditions of the Second Amendment), and leases related to storage and
transfer  facilities  located  in  Zanesville,  Ohio,  Mount  Sterling,  Kentucky,  and  Ravenswood,  West  Virginia  (collectively,  the  “Heartland  Assets”).  The  Heartland
Assets were acquired by our indirect wholly-owned subsidiary, Vertex Refining OH, LLC ("Vertex OH"). The assets and operations acquired from Heartland fall
under our Black Oil division.

In August 2015, H&H Oil acquired a collection route consisting of collecting, shipping and selling used oil, oil filters, antifreeze and other related services

in the state of Louisiana, but excluding industrial customers, maritime customers, off shore customers, dockside locations, industrial services, used absorbent
services, wastewater generating customers and collectors/transporters of crankcase used oil, petroleum fuel reclamation customers and crude oil
producers/processing/recovery/reclamation customers of Aaron Oil Company ("Aaron Oil"). Included in the purchase were certain trucks and other assets owned
by Aaron Oil and certain contract rights.

On  January  28,  2016,  we  entered  into  an  Asset  Purchase  Agreement  (the  “ Sale  Agreement”)  with  Vertex  Operating  and  its  wholly-owned  subsidiary,
Vertex  Refining  NV,  LLC  ("Vertex  Refining  NV "),  Bango  Oil,  LLC  (“ Bango  Oil”)(provided  that  Bango  Oil  did  not  become  a  party  to  the  agreement  until  we
exercised the Purchase Option, described below) and Safety-Kleen Systems.

Pursuant to the Sale Agreement, which closed on January 29, 2016, we (through Bango Oil after we acquired Bango Oil as described below pursuant to
our exercise of the Purchase Option) sold Safety-Kleen the used oil re-refining plant located on approximately 40 acres in Churchill County, Nevada (the “Bango
Plant”), which we previously rented, and all equipment, tools and other tangible personal property located at the Bango Plant, which relate to or were used in
connection with the operations of the Bango Plant (collectively, the “Bango Assets”). Safety-Kleen assumed certain liabilities associated with contracts assumed
in the purchase and related to bringing the Bango Plant back into operational status. The aggregate purchase price for the Bango Assets was $35 million, subject
to  adjustment  as  described  in  the  Sale  Agreement  for  certain  taxes,  costs  and  expenses  incurred  by  Safety-Kleen  after  closing.  A  total  of  $1.3  million  of  the
purchase price was used by us in order to exercise the options we had pursuant to two Lease and Purchase Agreements (the “Equipment Leases”) we were party
to, which provided for the use of a rail facility and related equipment and a pre-fabricated metal building located at the Fallon, Nevada, facility, and which provided
us (through Vertex Refining NV) the right to acquire the applicable property/equipment subject to each Equipment Lease at any time prior to the expiration of the
leases  for  $914,000  and  $400,000,  respectively.  Additionally,  $100,000  of  the  purchase  price  was  retained  by  Safety-Kleen  to  acquire  certain  water  rights
necessary  for  operation  of  the  Bango  Plant.  Finally,  a  required  closing  condition  of  the  Sale  Agreement  was  that  we  use  a  portion  of  the  purchase  price  to
exercise the purchase option set forth in that certain Lease With Option For Membership Interest Purchase (the “Bango Lease”) entered into on April 30, 2015,
by and between us, Vertex Refining NV and Bango Oil, whereby, we had the option at any time during the term of the lease to purchase all of the equity interests
of  Bango  Oil  (the  “Purchase  Option”),  effectively  acquiring  ownership  of  the  Bango  Plant.  The  Purchase  Option  was  exercised  by  us  on  January  29,  2016  in
connection with the closing of the Sale Agreement, at which time Bango Oil became a wholly-owned subsidiary of Vertex Refining NV, and we paid approximately
$9 million of consideration to Bango Oil in connection with the Purchase Option. The terms of the Bango Lease and Equipment Leases are described in greater
detail in the Current Report on Form 8-K filed by the Company with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 5, 2015. Additionally, an aggregate of $16
million of the purchase price paid by Safety-Kleen in connection with the Sale Agreement was required to be paid by us to our then senior lender, Goldman Sachs
Bank  USA,  at  closing,  which  amount  was  paid  at  closing,  and  which  funds  were  used  to  pay  down  amounts  owed  to  Goldman  Sachs  Bank  USA  under  our
Goldman  Credit  Agreement,  as  described  in  greater  detail  below  under  “Part  II.  -  Item  7.  Management’s  Discussion  and  Analysis  of  Financial  Condition  and
Results of Operations - Liquidity and Capital Resources - Credit and Guaranty Agreement with Goldman Sachs Bank USA”.

Additionally, at the closing, we placed $1.5 million in cash and $1 million worth of our common stock (1,108,928 shares) into escrow with the shares to be
released 12 months following the closing and the cash held in escrow to be released 18 months after the closing, in order to satisfy any indemnification claims
made by Safety-Kleen pursuant to the terms of the Sale Agreement.

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As of the date of this filing, the $1.5 million in cash and 1,108,928 common shares have been released from escrow and returned to us, with such common shares
being cancelled.

The Company received net cash of approximately $17.3 million in connection with the transactions contemplated by the Sale Agreement, after deducting
legal, administrative and banker fees; amounts paid in connection with the exercise of the Purchase Option; cash amounts set aside in escrow; and the purchase
price  of  the  equipment  related  to  the  Bango  Plant  as  described  above,  of  which  $16  million  was  immediately  paid  to  Goldman  Sachs  Bank  USA to  pay  down
amounts owed to Goldman Sachs Bank USA under the Goldman Credit Agreement (defined below under “Part II - Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis
of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Liquidity and Capital Resources - Credit and Guaranty Agreement with Goldman Sachs Bank USA”).

Description of Business Activities:

We are an environmental services company that recycles industrial waste streams and off-specification commercial chemical products. Our primary focus
is recycling used motor oil and other petroleum by-products. We are engaged in operations across the entire petroleum recycling value chain including collection,
aggregation, transportation, storage, re-refinement, and sales of aggregated feedstock and re-refined products to end users. We operate in three divisions Black
Oil, Refining and Marketing, and Recovery.

We currently provide our services in 15 states, primarily in the Gulf Coast, Midwest and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States. For the rolling twelve
month  period  ending  December  31,  2017,  we  aggregated  approximately  103  million  gallons  of  used  motor  oil  and  other  petroleum  by-product  feedstocks  and
managed the re-refining of approximately 74 million gallons of used motor oil with our proprietary TCEP, VGO and Base Oil processes.

Our Black Oil division collects and purchases used motor oil directly from third-party generators, aggregates used motor oil from an established network
of local and regional collectors, and sells used motor oil to our customers for use as a feedstock or replacement fuel for industrial burners. We operate a refining
facility  that  uses  our  proprietary  TCEP  (which  is  currently  not  in  operation)  and  we  also  utilize  third-party  processing  facilities. We  also  acquired  our  Marrero,
Louisiana  facility,  which  facility  re-refines  used  motor  oil  and  also  produces  VGO  and  our  Myrtle  Grove  re-refining  complex  in  Belle  Chasse,  Louisiana  in  May
2014 and at the same time we acquired Golden State Lubricant Works, LLC ("Golden State"), a blending and storage facility in Bakersfield, California which is no
longer in operation as of the date of this report.

Our  Refining  and  Marketing  division  aggregates  and  manages  the  re-refinement  of  used  motor  oil  and  other  petroleum  by-products  and  sells  the  re-

refined products to end customers.

Our Recovery division includes a generator solutions company for the proper recovery and management of hydrocarbon streams as well as metals which

include transportation, dismantling, demolition, decommission and marine salvage services at industrial facilities throughout the Gulf Coast.

Black Oil Division

Our  Black  Oil  division  is  engaged  in  operations  across  the  entire  used  motor  oil  recycling  value  chain  including  collection,  aggregation,  transportation,
storage, refinement, and sales of aggregated feedstock and re-refined products to end users. We collect and purchase used oil directly from generators such as
oil change service stations, automotive repair shops, manufacturing facilities, petroleum refineries, and petrochemical manufacturing operations. We own a fleet
of  35  collection  vehicles,  which  routinely  visit  generators  to  collect  and  purchase  used  motor  oil.  We  also  aggregate  used  oil  from  a  diverse  network  of
approximately 50 suppliers who operate similar collection businesses to ours.

We manage the logistics of transport, storage and delivery of used oil to our customers. We own a fleet of 15 transportation trucks and more than 150
aboveground storage tanks with over 7.3 million gallons of storage capacity. These assets are used by both the Black Oil division and the Refining and Marketing
division. In addition, we also utilize third parties for the transportation and storage of used oil feedstocks. Typically, we sell used oil to our customers in bulk to
ensure  efficient  delivery  by  truck,  rail,  or  barge.  In  many  cases,  we  have  contractual  purchase  and  sale  agreements  with  our  suppliers  and  customers,
respectively.  We  believe  these  contracts  are  beneficial  to  all  parties  involved  because  it  ensures  that  a  minimum  volume  is  purchased  from  collectors  and
generators, a minimum volume is sold to our customers, and we are able to minimize our inventory risk by a spread between the costs to acquire used oil and the
revenues received from the sale and delivery of used oil. We also use our proprietary TCEP technology to re-refine used oil into marine fuel cutterstock and a
higher-value feedstock for further processing (we are currently

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utilizing TCEP to pre-treat our used motor oil feedstock prior to shipping them to our facility in Marrero, Louisiana; but have not operated our TCEP for the purpose
of  producing  finished  cutterstock  since  the  third  quarter  of  fiscal  2015,  due  to  market  conditions).  In  addition,  at  our  Marrero,  Louisiana  facility  we  produce  a
Vacuum Gas Oil (VGO) product that is sold to refineries as well as to the marine fuels market. At our Columbus, Ohio facility (Heartland Petroleum) we produce a
base oil product that is sold to lubricant packagers and distributors.

Refining and Marketing Division

Our Refining and Marketing division is engaged in the aggregation of feedstock, re-refining it into higher value end products, and selling these products
to our customers, as well as related transportation and storage activities. We aggregate a diverse mix of feedstocks including used motor oil, petroleum distillates,
transmix and other off-specification chemical products. These feedstock streams are purchased from pipeline operators, refineries, chemical processing facilities
and  third-party  providers,  and  are  also  transferred  from  our  Black  Oil  division.  We  have  a  toll-based  processing  agreement  in  place  with  KMTEX  to  re-refine
feedstock  streams,  under  our  direction,  into  various  end  products  that  we  specify.  KMTEX  uses  industry  standard  processing  technologies  to  re-refine  our
feedstocks into pygas, gasoline blendstock and marine fuel cutterstock. We sell all of our re-refined products directly to end-customers or to processing facilities
for further refinement.

Recovery Division

The Recovery division is a generator solutions company for the proper recovery and management of hydrocarbon streams. The Recovery division also
provides industrial dismantling, demolition, decommissioning, investment recovery and marine salvage services in industrial facilities. The Company (through this
division) owns and operates a fleet of thirteen trucks and heavy equipment used for processing, shipping and handling of reusable process equipment and other
scrap commodities.

Thermal Chemical Extraction Process

We own the intellectual property for our patented TCEP. TCEP is a technology which utilizes thermal and chemical dynamics to extract impurities from
used oil which increases the value of the feedstock. We intend to continue to develop our TCEP technology and design with the goal of producing additional re-
refined products, including lubricating base oil.

TCEP differs from conventional re-refining technologies, such as vacuum distillation and hydrotreatment, by relying more heavily on chemical processes
to remove impurities rather than temperature and pressure. Therefore, the capital requirements to build a TCEP plant are typically much less than a traditional re-
refinery because large feed heaters, vacuum distillation columns, and a hydrotreating unit are not required. The end product currently produced by TCEP is used
as fuel oil cutterstock. Conventional re-refineries produce lubricating base oils or product grades slightly lower than base oil that can be used as industrial fuels or
transportation fuel blendstocks.

We  currently  estimate  the  cost  to  construct  a  new,  fully-functional,  commercial  facility  using  our  TCEP  technology,  with  annual  processing  capacity  of
between 25 and 50 million gallons at another location would be approximately $10 - $15 million, which could fluctuate based on throughput capacity. The facility
infrastructure  would  require  additional  capitalized  expenditures  which  would  depend  on  the  location  and  site  specifics  of  the  facility.  We  are  currently  utilizing
TCEP to pre-treat our used motor oil feedstocks prior to shipping them to our facility in Marrero, Louisiana; but have not operated our TCEP for the purpose of
producing finished cutterstock since the third quarter of fiscal 2015, due to market conditions.

Organizational Structure

The  following  chart  reflects  our  current  organization  structure,  including  significant  subsidiaries  (all  of  which  are  wholly-owned,  except  as  discussed

below):

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Our Industry

The used oil recycling industry is comprised of multiple participants including generators, collectors, aggregators, processors, and end users. Generators
are entities that generate used oil through their daily operations such as automotive businesses conducting oil changes on consumer and commercial vehicles
and industrial users changing lubricants on machinery and heavy equipment. Collectors are typically local businesses that purchase used oil from generators and
provide on-site collection services. The collection market is highly fragmented and we believe there are more than 400 used oil collectors in the United States.
Aggregators  are  specialized  businesses  that  purchase  used  oil  and  petroleum  by-products  from  multiple  collectors  and  sell  and  deliver  it  as  feedstock  to
processors.  Processors,  or  re-refineries,  utilize  a  processing  technology  to  convert  the  used  oil  or  petroleum  by-product  into  a  higher-value  feedstock  or  end-
product. Used oil is any oil that has been refined from crude oil or any synthetic oil that has been used and, as a result of such use, is contaminated by physical or
chemical impurities. Physical impurities could include contamination by metal shavings, sawdust, or dirt. Chemical impurities could include contamination by water
or benzene, or degradation of lubricating additives.

Conventional re-refineries typically employ vacuum distillation and hydrotreating processes to transform used oil into various grades of base oil. Vacuum
distillation  is  a  process  that  removes  emulsified  contaminated  water  and  separates  used  oil  into  vacuum  gas  oil  and  light  fuels.  The  vacuum  gas  oil  is  then
hydrotreated  to  produce  lubricating  base  oil.  Hydrotreating  is  a  process  which  combines  chemical  catalysts,  heat,  and  pressure  to  remove  impurities  such  as
sulfur, chlorine, and oxygen and to stabilize the end product. A re-refined lubricating base oil is of equal quality and will last as long as a virgin base oil. In addition,
other re-refining processes transform used oil into product grades slightly lower than base oil. These products, along with vacuum gas oil and the end product
produced by TCEP, are commonly referred to as intermediate products and are used as industrial fuels or transportation fuel blendstocks.

The petroleum by-products industry is driven by the financial and environmental benefits of recycling, as well as by the amount of petroleum by-product
generated each year. Used oil is usually recovered and recycled in one of two ways: (i) by burning it as an industrial fuel; or (ii) by re-refining it into higher value
end  products,  such  as  lubricating  base  oils,  fuel  oil  cutterstock,  or  transportation  fuels  (pursuant  to  the  U.S.  Department  of  Energy,  July  2006  Report  entitled
“Used  Oil  Re-refining  Study  to  Address  Energy  Policy  Act  of  2005  Section  1838 ”).  The  market  value  of  recycled  oil  is  based,  in  large  part,  on  its  end  use.  In
general, the market price for used motor oil that is burned as an industrial fuel is driven by the cost of competing fuels, including natural gas, while the market
value of re-refined used motor oil is driven by competing petroleum products. The extent to which the financial benefits of recycling used oil are realized is driven
by operating efficiency in aggregating, storing and transporting used oil supply; the extent to which the used oil is re-refined; and the price spread between natural
gas and crude oil.

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In  the  U.S.,  we  believe  that  of  the  approximately  1.3  billion  gallons  of  used  oil  generated  annually  approximately  200  million  gallons  are  improperly
disposed, 200 - 250 million gallons are re-refined into lubricating base oils, 150 - 200 million gallons are re-refined into intermediate products with grades slightly
lower than base oil, and 650 - 750 million gallons are burned as an industrial fuel source. We believe that the amount of used oil being re-refined into base oils and
intermediate products in the U.S. will stay basically unchanged in 2018 as no additional re-refining capacity is scheduled to come on-line. As of the date of this
Report, the approximate market price for used oil at the generator level is approximately $0.25 per gallon charge, the approximate market price of intermediate re-
refined products ranges from $.75 to $1.35 per gallon, and the approximate price for lubricating base oil ranges from $1.20 to $1.60 per gallon, representing a
U.S. market size of approximately $1.0 - $1.5 billion for recycled oil.

As  with  the  financial  benefits  of  recycling  used  oil,  the  environmental  benefits  are  also  driven  by  its  end  use.  Environmental  regulations  prohibit  the
disposal of used oil in sewers or landfills because used motor oil is insoluble and contains heavy metals and other contaminants that make it detrimental to the
environment  if  improperly  disposed;  one  gallon  of  used  oil  can  contaminate  up  to  1  million  gallons  of  fresh  drinking  water.  Additionally,  according  to  the
Environmental  Protection  Agency,  it  takes  42  gallons  of  crude  oil,  but  only  1  gallon  of  used  oil,  to  produce  2.5  quarts  of  new,  high-quality  lubricating  oil.
Compared  to  burning  used  oil  as  an  industrial  fuel,  re-refined  oil  significantly  reduces  the  amount  of  toxic  heavy  metals  and  greenhouse  gases  and  other
pollutants introduced into the environment. In addition, the use of re-refined motor oil conserves petroleum that would have otherwise been refined into virgin base
stock oil.

We believe that the used oil recycling market has significant growth potential through increasing the percentage of recycled oil that is re-refined rather
than burned as a low cost industrial fuel. We believe that the financial and environmental benefits of re-refining used oil combined with consumer and commercial
demand  for  high-quality,  environmentally  responsible  products  will  drive  growth  in  demand  for  re-refined  oil  and  re-refining  capacity  in  the  United  States.
Furthermore,  we  believe  that  increasing  consumer  and  industrial  awareness  of  the  environmental  impact  of  improperly  disposing  used  oil  may  drive  additional
market growth as approximately 200 million gallons of used oil generated each year are improperly disposed rather than recycled.

Used motor oil is burned by various users such as asphalt companies, paper mills and industrial facilities as an alternative to their base fuels, to offset
operational  costs.  Therefore,  the  commercial  price  of  used  oil  is  typically  slightly  less  than  the  base  fuels  for  the  burners.  Similarly,  re-refined  oil  is  used  as  a
substitute for various virgin petroleum-based products with pricing driven by the market price of crude oil. Since there is not an active marketplace for used and
re-refined oil prices, we use the prices of natural gas and crude as benchmarks in our industry. Typically, the spread between crude and natural gas prices is an
accurate proxy for the potential incremental value of re-refining used oil.

Our Competitive Strengths

Large, Diversified Feedstock Supply Network.

We obtain our feedstock supply through a combination of direct collection activities and purchases from third-party suppliers. We believe our balanced
direct and indirect approach to obtaining feedstock is highly advantageous because it enables us to maximize total supply and reduce our reliance on any single
supplier and the risk of not fulfilling our minimum feedstock sale quotas. We collect feedstock directly from over 4,500 generators including oil change service
stations, automotive repair shops, manufacturing facilities, petroleum refineries and petrochemical manufacturing operations, as well as brokers. We aggregate
used oil from a diverse network of approximately 50 suppliers who operate similar collection businesses to ours.

Strategic Relationships.

We  have  established  relationships  with  key  feedstock  suppliers,  storage  and  transportation  providers,  oil  re-refineries,  and  end-user  customers.  We
believe our relationships with these parties are strong, in part due to our high level of customer service, competitive prices, and our ability to contract (for purchase
or  sale)  long-term,  minimum  monthly  feedstock  commitments.  We  believe  that  our  strategic  relationships  could  lead  to  contract  extensions  and  expanded
feedstock supply or purchase agreements.

Proprietary Technology.

Our proprietary TCEP technology produces a fuel oil cutterstock for the fuel oil market or a refining feedstock. We believe we are able to build TCEP re-
refining facilities at a significantly lower cost than conventional re-refineries. We estimate the cost to build a TCEP plant with capacity of up to 50 million gallons at
approximately  $10  -  $15  million,  whereas  a  similar  sized  base  oil  plant  with  vacuum  distillation  towers  and  a  hydrotreater  can  cost  in  excess  of  $50  million.
Notwithstanding the lower cost of TCEP plants, with oil at its current prices, we do not believe that it makes economic sense to expand our TCEP technology at
this time due to the fixed operating costs involved.

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Logistics Capabilities. 

We  have  extensive  expertise  and  experience  managing  and  operating  feedstock  supply  chain  logistics  and  multimodal  transportation  services  for
customers who purchase our feedstock or higher-value, re-refined products. We believe that our scale, infrastructure, expertise, and contracts enable us to cost
effectively transport product and consistently meet our customers’ volume, quality and delivery schedule requirements.

Scale of Operations.

We believe that the size and scale of our operations is a significant competitive advantage when competing for new business and maintaining existing
customer relationships. Price is one of the main competitive factors in the feedstock collection industry and because we are able to effectively leverage our fixed
operating  costs  and  economies  of  scale,  we  believe  that  our  prices  are  competitive.  Through  our  network  of  suppliers  and  customers,  we  aggregate  a  large
amount of feedstock, which enables us to enter into minimum purchase and sale contracts as well as accept large volume orders year-round. We believe this is a
competitive advantage because it minimizes our suppliers’ inventory risk and ensures our customers’ minimum order volumes are satisfied. In addition, we believe
our end customers prefer to work with an exclusive supplier rather than manage multiple customer relationships.

Diversified End Product Sales.

We believe that the diversity of the products we sell reduces our overall risk and exposure to price fluctuations. Prices for petroleum based products can
be impacted significantly by supply and demand fluctuations which are not correlated with general commodity price changes. For instance, in a rising commodity
price environment with a significant over-supply of base oil, the price of base oil may fall precipitously while the price of gasoline increases. We offer a diversified
product  mix  consisting  of  used  motor  oil,  fuel  oil,  pygas,  and  gasoline  blendstock.  We  can  also  control  our  mix  of  end  products  by  choosing  to  either  resell
collected feedstock or re-refine it into a higher-value product.

Management Team.

We are led by a management team with expertise in petroleum recycling, finance, operations, and re-refinement technology. Each member of our senior

management team has more than 18 years of industry experience. We believe the strength of our management team will help our success in the marketplace.

Our Business Strategy

The principal elements of our strategy include:

Pursue Strategic Acquisitions and Partnerships

 We plan to grow market share by consolidating feedstock supply through partnering with or acquiring collection and aggregation assets. Our executive
team  has  a  proven  ability  to  evaluate  resource  potential  and  identify  acquisition  targets.  The  acquisitions  and/or  partnerships  could  increase  our  revenue  and
provide better control over the quality and quantity of feedstock available for resale and/or upgrading as well as providing additional locations for the potential
future  implementation  of  TCEP.  We  also  intend  to  diversify  our  revenue  by  acquiring  complementary  recycling  service  businesses,  refining  assets  and
technologies, and other vertically integrated businesses or assets. We believe we can realize synergies on acquisitions by leveraging our customer and vendor
relationships, infrastructure, and personnel, and by eliminating duplicative overhead costs.

Expand Feedstock Supply Volume

We intend to expand our feedstock supply volume by growing our collection and aggregation operations. We plan to increase the volume of feedstock we
collect  directly  by  developing  new  relationships  with  generators  and  working  to  displace  incumbent  collectors;  increasing  the  number  of  collection  personnel,
vehicles, equipment, and geographical areas we serve; and acquiring collectors in new or existing territories. We intend to increase the volume of feedstock we
aggregate from third-party collectors by expanding our existing relationships and developing new vendor relationships. We believe that our ability to acquire large
feedstock  volumes  will  help  to  cultivate  new  vendor  relationships  because  collectors  often  prefer  to  work  with  a  single,  reliable  customer  rather  than  manage
multiple relationships and the uncertainty of excess inventory.

Broaden Existing Customer Relationships and Secure New Large Accounts

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We intend to broaden our existing customer relationships by increasing sales of used motor oil and re-refined products to these accounts. In some cases,
we may also seek to serve as our customers’ primary or exclusive supplier. We also believe that as we increase our supply of feedstock and re-refined products
we will have the opportunity to secure larger customer accounts that require a partner who can consistently deliver high volumes.

Re-Refine Higher Value End Products

We intend to develop, lease, or acquire technologies to re-refine our feedstock supply into higher value end products, including assets or technologies
which  complement  TCEP. Currently,  we  are  using  TCEP  to  pre-treat  our  used  oil  feedstock  prior  to  sending  it  to  our  facility  in  Marrero,  Louisiana  for  further
processing; but have not operated our TCEP for the purpose of producing finished cutterstock since the third quarter of fiscal 2015, due to market conditions. We
hope  that  continued  improvements  in  our  technologies  and  investments  in  additional  technologies  will  enable  us  to  upgrade  feedstock  into  higher  value  end
products, such as fuels and lubricating base oil that command higher market prices.

Products and Services

We generate substantially all of our revenue from the sale of five product categories. All of these products are commodities that are subject to various

degrees of product quality and performance specifications.

Used Motor Oil

Used motor oil is a petroleum-based or synthetic lubricant that contains impurities such as dirt, sand, water, and chemicals.

Fuel Oil

Fuel Oil is a distillate fuel which is typically blended with lower quality fuel oils. The distillation of used oil and other petroleum by-products creates a fuel

with low viscosity, as well as low sulfur, ash, and heavy metal content, making it an ideal blending agent.

Pygas

Pygas,  or  pyrolysis  gasoline,  is  a  product  that  can  be  blended  with  gasoline  as  an  octane  booster  or  that  can  be  distilled  and  separated  into  its

components, including benzene and other hydrocarbons.

Gasoline Blendstock

Naphthas  and  various  distillate  products  used  for  blending  or  compounding  into  finished  motor  gasoline.  These  components  can  include  reformulated

gasoline blendstock for oxygenate blending (RBOB) but exclude oxygenates (alcohols and ethers), butane, and pentanes plus.

Base Oil

An oil to which other oils or substances are added to produce a lubricant. Typically the main substance in lubricants, base oils, are refined from crude oil.

Scrap Metal(s)

        Consists of recoverable ferrous and non-ferrous recyclable metals from manufacturing and consumption.  Scrap metal can be recovered from pipes, barges,
boats, building supplies, surplus equipment, tanks, and other items consisting of metal composition.  These materials are segregated, processed, cut-up and sent
back to a steel mill for re-purposing.

Suppliers

We conduct business with a number of used oil generators, as well as a large network of suppliers that collect used oil from used oil generators. In our
capacity as a collector of used oil, we purchase feedstock from approximately 4,500 businesses, such as oil change service stations, automotive repair shops,
manufacturing facilities, petroleum refineries, and petrochemical manufacturing operations, which generate used oil through their operations.

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In our capacity as a broker of used oil, we work with approximately 50 suppliers that collect used oil from businesses such as those mentioned above.

Customers

The Black Oil division sells used oil, VGO, base oil and other petroleum feedstocks to numerous customers in the Gulf Coast and Midwest regions of the
United States. The primary customers of its products are packagers, distributers, blenders and industrial burners, as described above as well as re-refiners of the
feedstock. The Black Oil division is party to various feedstock sale agreements whereby we sell used oil feedstock to third parties. The agreements provide for us
to sell certain minimum gallons of used oil feedstock per month at a price per barrel equal to our direct costs, plus certain commissions, based on the quality and
quantity of the used oil we supply.

The Recovery division does not rely solely on contracts, but mainly on the spot market as well as a strategic network of customers and vendors to support
the purchase and sale of its products which are commodities. It also relies on project based work which it bids on from time to time of which there is no guarantee
or assurance of repeat business. The E-Source business which is part of the Recovery division relies heavily on numerous Master Service Agreements which it
has in place with large facilities, such as power plants, petroleum refineries and major industrial clients.

KMTEX Tolling Agreement

On or around April 17, 2013, and effective June 1, 2012, we entered into a new Tolling Agreement with KMTEX, Ltd. (“ KMTEX” and the agreement as
amended to date, the “Tolling Agreement”). The Company was previously party to a tolling agreement with KMTEX which expired pursuant to its terms on June
30, 2010, provided that the parties had continued to operate under the terms of the expired agreement until their entry into the April 2013 Tolling Agreement.

Pursuant to the Tolling Agreement, KMTEX agreed to process feedstock of certain petroleum distillates, which we provide to KMTEX, into more valuable
feedstocks,  including  pygas,  gasoline  blend  stock  and  MDO/cutter  stock.  The  Tolling  Agreement  had  an  expiration  date  of  June  30,  2014  (the  “Initial  Term”),
provided  that  if  not  terminated  by  either  party  by  written  notice  to  the  other,  received  within  ninety  (90)  days  prior  to  the  expiration  of  the  Initial  Term  (or  any
extension term), the agreement automatically renewed for a successive one (1) year period and could be automatically extended for up to six (6) more extension
terms.

In November 2013 and effective November 1, 2013, we entered into a First Amendment to Processing Agreement with KMTEX LLC (previously KMTEX
Ltd.,  hereafter  “KMTEX”),  which  amended  the  Tolling  Agreement.  The  amendment  formally  extended  the  date  of  the  initial  term  of  the  Tolling  Agreement  to
December 31, 2015, provided that if not terminated by either party by written notice to the other, received within ninety (90) days prior to the expiration of the
initial  term,  as  amended  (or  any  Extension  Term,  defined  below),  the  agreement  would  automatically  renew  for  a  successive  one  (1)  year  period.  The  Tolling
Agreement could be automatically extended for up to six (6) extension terms from the end of the extended initial term. The amendment also updated the pricing
terms of the original agreement and required us to make certain capital expenditures at the KMTEX facility which have been made to date.

On December 3, 2015, and effective January 1, 2016, we entered into a Second Amendment to Processing Agreement with KMTEX. The amendment
formally extended the date of the initial term of the Tolling Agreement to December 31, 2016, provided that if not terminated by either party by written notice to
the other, received within ninety (90) days prior to the expiration of the initial term, as amended (or any extension term), the agreement automatically renews for a
successive one (1) year period The amendment also updated the pricing terms of the agreement.

On December 14, 2016, and effective January 1, 2017, we entered into a Third Amendment to Processing Agreement with KMTEX. The amendment
formally extended the date of the initial term of the Tolling Agreement to December 31, 2018, provided that if not terminated by either party by written notice to
the other, received within ninety (90) days prior to the expiration of the initial term, as amended (or any Extension Term, defined below), the agreement
automatically renews for a successive one (1) year period (an “Extension Term”). The Tolling Agreement can be automatically extended for up to six (6)
Extension Terms from the end of the extended initial term. The amendment also updated the pricing terms of the agreement.

Notwithstanding the above, either party can terminate the Tolling Agreement at any time with ninety (90) days prior written notice for any reason and with
thirty (30) days written notice upon the occurrence of certain material termination events as described in greater detail in the agreement. In connection with and
pursuant  to  the  Tolling  Agreement,  we  pay  KMTEX  certain  monthly  tank  rental  fees,  truck  and  rail  car  fees,  and  processing  fees  based  on  the  weight  of  the
material  processed  by  KMTEX,  as  well  as  certain  disposal  fees  and  other  fees.  Each  year  of  the  agreement,  beginning  on  the  12  month  anniversary  of  the
effective

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date,  the  parties  agreed  to  review  and  increase  the  fees  provided  for  in  the  agreement  in  accordance  with  among  other  things,  various  consumer  price  index
benchmarks, as mutually agreed.

The Tolling Agreement also provides that, for materials delivered to KMTEX by rail, barge, drum, or truck, KMTEX is required to obtain the Bill of Lading
and  Material  Safety  Data  Sheet  that  accompany  such  materials  and  not  accept  any  materials  not  accompanied  by  a  Uniform  Hazardous  Waste  Manifest
(promulgated by the Environmental Protection Agency or other Federal or State Government). The Company is also required to indemnify KMTEX against the
acceptance of any material later classified as a hazardous waste. The agreement requires KMTEX to be responsible for all leaks, spills, discharges and releases
which occur in connection with the performance of the agreement, except due to the Company’s gross negligence. Finally, the agreement requires each party to
indemnify the other against any liability as a result of death or bodily injury to any person, destruction or damage to property, contamination of, adverse effects
on, or imminent or substantial endangerment of, or release or threat of release into the environment, or any threatened or actual release of hazardous substance,
or any violation or alleged violation of or liability under any governmental laws, regulations, rules or orders to the extent caused by, arising out of or in any manner
connected  with  such  indemnifying  party’s  negligent  acts,  omissions,  breaches  of  the  agreement  or  failure  to  comply  with  applicable  laws  in  the  performance
thereof, subject to certain exclusions described in the agreement.

Swap Agreement and Base Oil Agreement

On  January  29,  2016,  we  (through  Vertex  Operating)  and  Safety-Kleen  Systems,  Inc.  (“ Safety-Kleen”)  entered  into  a  Swap  Agreement  (the  “ Swap
Agreement”).  The  Swap  Agreement  has  a  term  of  five  years,  beginning  January  29,  2016,  and  automatically  renews  for  additional  one  year  terms  thereafter
unless  either  party  provides  the  other  90  days  prior  written  notice  of  their  intention  not  to  renew  prior  to  any  automatic  extension.  Pursuant  to  the  Swap
Agreement, we and Safety-Kleen agreed to swap certain quantities of used oil feedstock (the agreement includes monthly maximums, quarterly minimums and
maximums, and annual maximums of used oil feedstock volume required to be ‘swapped’) between the Bango Plant (which will then be owned and operated by
Safety-Kleen) and our Marrero, Louisiana plant and/or the Cedar Marine Terminal in Baytown, Texas, on a monthly, quarterly and annual basis, with any shortfall
in the amount of used oil feedstock ‘swapped’ on a quarterly basis, being paid for in cash based on a discount to U.S. Platts mid-range per gallon rate for Gulf
Coast  No.  6,  3%  oil  (the  “Platts”).  The  Swap  Agreement  can  be  terminated  with  30  days  prior  written  notice  in  the  event  either  party  fails  to  meet  the
specifications  for  oil  feedstock  set  forth  in  the  agreement,  a  party  fails  to  deliver  the  required  minimum  quarterly  volumes  of  oil  feedstock  during  any  three
consecutive quarters, or a party materially breaches a term of the agreement.

Additionally, we (through Vertex Operating) and Safety-Kleen also entered into a Base Oil Agreement in January 29, 2016 (the “ Base Oil Agreement”).
The Base Oil Agreement provides for us to purchase from Safety-Kleen, and Safety-Kleen to sell to us, certain required quantities of base oils and other finished
lubricants described in greater detail in the Base Oil Agreement (the “Base Oil”)(the agreement contains quarterly and annual maximum volumes of Base Oil to
be acquired by us). The agreement has a term of five years and automatically renews for additional one year terms thereafter unless either party provides the
other 90 days prior written notice of their intention not to renew prior to any automatic extension.

Competition

The industrial waste and brokerage of petroleum products industries are highly competitive. There are numerous small to mid-size firms that are engaged
in the collection, transportation, treatment and brokerage of virgin and used petroleum products. Competitors include, but are not limited to: Safety-Kleen, Inc.,
Rio  Energy,  Inc.,  Heritage-Crystal  Clean,  Inc.,  and  FCC  Environmental  (formerly  Siemens  Hydrocarbon  Recovery  Services), and  Flex  Oil  Service,  LLC.  These
competitors  actively  seek  to  purchase  feedstock  from  local,  regional  and  industrial  collectors,  refineries,  pipelines  and  other  sources.  Competition  for  these
feedstocks may result in increasing prices to obtain used motor oil and transmix feedstocks critical to the success of our business. In order to remain competitive,
we  must  control  costs  and  maintain  strong  relationships  with  our  feedstock  suppliers.  Our  network  of  generators  and  collectors  minimizes  our  reliance  on  any
single supplier. A portion of the sales of the collected and aggregated used motor oil product are based on supply contracts which include a range of prices which
change based on feedstock quality specifications and volumes. This pricing structure helps to insulate us from inventory risk by ensuring a spread between costs
to acquire used motor oil feedstock and the revenues received for delivery of the feedstock. We believe that price and service are the main competitive factors in
the used motor oil collection industry. We believe that our ability to accept and transport large volumes of oil year round gives us an advantage over many of our
competitors. In addition, we believe that our storage capacity and ability to process the streams of products we receive as well as our ability to transport the end
product by barge, rail and truck provide further advantages over many of our competitors.

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Employees

We and our wholly and majority owned subsidiaries have 215 full-time employees. We believe that our relations with our employees are good.

Seasonality

The industrial hydrocarbon recovery business is seasonal to the extent that it is dependent on streams from seasonal industries. For example, asphalt
plants burn recycled waste oil in their process, placing pricing and supply availability constraints on the industry during the good weather construction and road
building  seasons.  In  our  current  markets,  road  paving  typically  occurs  from  late  spring  to  early  fall.  Therefore,  it  is  somewhat  easier  to  procure  certain  waste
streams  during  winter  months  when  competition  for  used  motor  oil  feedstock  is  historically  not  as  strong.  Currently  we  are  seeing  increased  demand  for  used
motor oil feedstocks throughout the year due to the addition of re-refining technologies in the marketplace. 

Governmental Regulation, Including Environmental Regulation and Climate Change

Our  operations  are  subject  to  stringent  United  States  federal,  state  and  local  laws  and  regulations  concerning  the  discharge  of  materials  into  the
environment or otherwise relating to health and safety or the protection of the environment. Additional laws and regulations, or changes in the interpretations of
existing laws and regulations, that affect our business and operations may be adopted, which may in turn impact our financial condition.

Additionally, the U.S. Departments of Transportation, Coast Guard and Homeland Security as well as various federal, state, local and foreign agencies
exercise broad powers over our transportation operations, generally governing such activities as authorization to engage in motor carrier operations, safety and
permits  to  conduct  transportation  business.  We  may  also  become  subject  to  new  or  more  restrictive  regulations  that  the  Departments  of  Transportation  and
Homeland Security, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, the Environmental Protection Agency or other authorities impose, including regulations
relating to engine exhaust emissions, the hours of service that our drivers may provide in any one time period, security and other matters.

Our compliance challenges arise from various legislative and regulatory bodies influenced by political, environmental, health and safety concerns.

For example, changes in federal regulations relating to the use of methyl tertiary butyl ether and new sulfur limitations for product shipped in domestic
pipelines resulted in tightened specifications of gasoline blendstock that we were refining, causing a corresponding decrease in revenue and gross margin growth
during 2016, as compared to prior years. This change in regulation, as well as other emission-related regulations, had a material impact on the entire petroleum
industry,  and  we  adapted  and  managed  our  operations  by  finding  materials  better  suited  to  comply  with  these  regulations.  As  such,  it  is  possible  that  future
changes in federal regulations could have a material adverse effect on our results from operations.

We must also obtain and maintain a range of federal, state and local permits for our various logistical needs as well as our planned industrial processes.

The following is a summary of the more significant existing health, safety and environmental laws and regulations to which our operations are subject.

Hazardous Substances and Waste

The United States Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act, as amended, referred to as “ CERCLA” or the “Superfund”
law, and comparable state laws impose liability without regard to fault or the legality of the original conduct on certain defined persons, including current and prior
owners  or  operators  of  a  site  where  a  release  of  hazardous  substances  occurred  and  entities  that  disposed  or  arranged  for  the  disposal  of  the  hazardous
substances found at the site. Under CERCLA, these “responsible persons” may be liable for the costs of cleaning up the hazardous substances, for damages to
natural resources and for the costs of certain health studies.

In the course of our operations, we occasionally generate materials that are considered “ hazardous  substances ”  and,  as  a  result,  may  incur  CERCLA
liability for cleanup costs. Also, claims may be filed for personal injury and property damage allegedly caused by the release of hazardous substances or other
pollutants. We also generate solid wastes that are subject to the requirements of the United States Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, as amended, or
“RCRA,” and comparable state statutes.

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Although we use operating and disposal practices that are standard in the industry, hydrocarbons or other wastes may have been released at properties
owned or leased by us now or in the past, or at other locations where these hydrocarbons and wastes were taken for treatment or disposal. Under CERCLA,
RCRA and analogous state laws, we could be required to clean up contaminated property (including contaminated groundwater), or to perform remedial activities
to prevent future contamination.

Air Emissions

The Clean Air Act, as amended, or “CAA,” and similar state laws and regulations restrict the emission of air pollutants and also impose various monitoring
and  reporting  requirements.  These  laws  and  regulations  may  require  us  to  obtain  approvals  or  permits  for  construction,  modification  or  operation  of  certain
projects or facilities and may require use of emission controls.

Global Warming and Climate Change

While we do not believe our operations raise climate change issues different from those generally raised by the commercial use of fossil fuels, legislation
or regulatory programs that restrict greenhouse gas emissions in areas where we conduct business or that would require reducing emissions from our truck fleet
could increase our costs.

Water Discharges

We  operate  facilities  that  are  subject  to  requirements  of  the  United  States  Clean  Water  Act,  as  amended,  or  “ CWA,”  and  analogous  state  laws  for
regulating  discharges  of  pollutants  into  the  waters  of  the  United  States  and  regulating  quality  standards  for  surface  waters.  Among  other  things,  these  laws
impose  restrictions  and  controls  on  the  discharge  of  pollutants,  including  into  navigable  waters  as  well  as  the  protection  of  drinking  water  sources.  Spill
prevention, control and counter-measure requirements under the CWA require implementation of measures to help prevent the contamination of navigable waters
in the event of a hydrocarbon spill. Other requirements for the prevention of spills are established under the United States Oil Pollution Act of 1990, as amended,
or “OPA”, which amended the CWA and applies to owners and operators of vessels, including barges, offshore platforms and certain onshore facilities. Under
OPA, regulated parties are strictly liable for oil spills and must establish and maintain evidence of financial responsibility sufficient to cover liabilities related to an
oil spill for which such parties could be statutorily responsible.

State Environmental Regulations

Our operations involve the storage, handling, transport and disposal of bulk waste materials, some of which contain oil, contaminants and other regulated
substances. Various environmental laws and regulations require prevention, and where necessary, cleanup of spills and leaks of such materials and some of our
operations must obtain permits that limit the discharge of materials. Failure to comply with such environmental requirements or permits may result in fines and
penalties,  remediation  orders  and  revocation  of  permits.  Specifically  in  Texas,  we  are  subject  to  rules  and  regulations  promulgated  by  the  Texas  Railroad
Commission  and  the  Texas  Commission  on  Environmental  Quality,  including  those  designed  to  protect  the  environment  and  monitor  compliance  with  water
quality. In Louisiana, we are subject to rules and regulations promulgated by the Louisiana Department of Environmental Quality and the Louisiana Department of
Natural Resources as to environmental and water quality issues, and the Louisiana Public Service Commission as to allocation of intrastate routes and territories
for waste water transportation. We believe that we are in compliance with regulations in the states where we conduct business.

Occupational Safety and Health Act

We are subject to the requirements of the United States Occupational Safety and Health Act, as amended, or “ OSHA,” and comparable state laws that
regulate  the  protection  of  employee  health  and  safety.  OSHA’s  hazard  communication  standard  requires  that  information  about  hazardous  materials  used  or
produced in our operations be maintained and provided to employees, state and local government authorities and citizens.

Transportation Regulations

We may conduct interstate motor carrier (trucking) operations that are subject to federal regulation by the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration, or
“FMCSA,”  a  unit  within  the  United  States  Department  of  Transportation,  or  “ USDOT.”  The  FMCSA  publishes  and  enforces  comprehensive  trucking  safety
regulations, including rules on commercial driver licensing, controlled substance testing, medical and other qualifications for drivers, equipment maintenance, and
drivers’  hours  of  service,  referred  to  as  “HOS.”  The  agency  also  performs  certain  functions  relating  to  such  matters  as  motor  carrier  registration  (licensing),
insurance,  and  extension  of  credit  to  motor  carriers’  customers.  Another  unit  within  USDOT  publishes  and  enforces  regulations  regarding  the  transportation  of
hazardous materials, or “hazmat.”

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In December 2010, the FMCSA launched a program called Compliance, Safety, Accountability, or “ CSA,” in an effort to improve commercial truck and
bus safety. A component of CSA is the Safety Measurement System, or “SMS,” which analyzes all safety violations recorded by federal and state law enforcement
personnel to determine a carrier’s safety performance. The SMS is intended to allow the FMCSA to identify carriers with safety issues and intervene to address
those problems. Although our trucking operations currently hold a “Satisfactory” safety rating from FMCSA (the best rating available), the agency has announced
a future intention to revise its safety rating system by making greater use of SMS data in lieu of on-site compliance audits of carriers. We cannot predict the effect
such a revision may have on our safety rating.

Our intrastate trucking operations are also subject to various state environmental transportation regulations discussed under “ Environmental Regulations”
above. Federal law also allows states to impose insurance and safety requirements on motor carriers conducting intrastate business within their borders, and to
collect a variety of taxes and fees on an apportioned basis reflecting miles actually operated within each state.

HOS regulations establish the maximum number of hours that a commercial truck driver may work. A FMCSA rule reducing the number of hours a
commercial truck driver may work each day became effective in February 2012 and the compliance date of selected provisions was July 1, 2013. The rule, which
is intended to reduce the risk of fatigue and fatigue-related crashes and harm to driver health, prohibits a driver from driving if more than eight hours have passed
since the driver’s last off-duty or sleeper berth break of at least 30 minutes and limits the use of the restart to once a week, which, on average, will cut the
maximum work week from 82 to 70 hours.

Inflation and Commodity Price Risk

To date, our business has not been significantly affected by inflation. We purchase petroleum and petroleum by-products for consolidation and delivery,
as  well  as  for  our  own  refining  operations.  By  virtue  of  constant  changes  in  the  market  value  of  petroleum  products,  we  are  exposed  to  fluctuations  in  both
revenues and expenses. We do not currently engage in an active hedging program, as the inventory/finished product turnover occurs within approximately four to
six  weeks,  thereby  limiting  the  timeline  of  potential  exposure.  The  purchase  of  our  used  motor  oil  feedstock  tends  to  track  with  natural  gas  pricing  due  to  the
market’s  typical  practice  of  substituting  used  motor  oil  for  natural  gas  as  a  fuel  source  for  various  industrial  processes.  On  the  other  hand,  the  prices  of  the
products that may in the future be generated through the re-refining processes that we hope to develop are expected to track with market pricing for marine diesel
and vacuum-gas oil. The recent drop in oil prices has decreased the spread between the price of used motor oil, feedstock and re-refining end-products.

2017 Material Events

Credit and Guaranty Agreement

Effective February 1, 2017, we, Vertex Operating and substantially all of Vertex Energy’s other operating subsidiaries, other than E-Source, entered into
a  $20  million  Credit  Agreement  with  Encina  Business  Credit,  LLC  as  agent  and  Encina  Business  Credit  SPV,  LLC  and  CrowdOut  Capital  LLC  as  lenders
thereunder, as described in greater detail below under “Part II. - Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations -
Liquidity and Capital Resources - Credit and Guaranty Agreement and Revolving Credit Facility with Encina Business Credit, LLC”.

Revolving Credit Facility with Encina Business Credit, LLC

Effective February 1, 2017, we, Vertex Operating and substantially all of Vertex Energy’s other operating subsidiaries, other than E-Source, entered into
a  $10  million  Revolving  Credit  Agreement  with  Encina  Business  Credit  SPV,  LLC  as  lender  and  Encina  Business  Credit,  LLC  as  administrative  agent,  as
described in greater detail below under “Part II. - Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Liquidity and
Capital Resources - Credit and Guaranty Agreement and Revolving Credit Facility with Encina Business Credit, LLC”  (collectively,  the  February  1,  2017  Credit
Agreement and Revolving Credit Agreement as referred to herein as the “Credit Agreements”).

Credit Agreement Amendments

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On December 15, 2017, we and Vertex Operating, entered into (a) a First Amendment to Credit Agreement, with the agent, and lender; and (b) a Second

Amendment to the Revolving Credit Agreement, with the agent, and the lenders (collectively, the “Credit Agreement Amendments ”).

The Credit Agreement Amendments amended the Credit Agreements to decrease the required minimum availability under the Credit Agreements to $1.5

million for periods prior to December 31, 2017 (effective as of November 5, 2017) and $2.5 million thereafter. Previously the Company was required to maintain
minimum availability of at least $2.5 million at all times.

Acadiana Recovery, LLC

On  February  2,  2017,  the  Company  entered  into  and  closed  an  Asset  Purchase  Agreement  (the  "APA")  with  Acadiana  Recovery,  LLC  ("Acadiana")
pursuant  to  which  the  Company  agreed  to  buy  substantially  all  of  Acadiana's customer  relations,  vehicles,  equipment,  supplies  and  tools  for  an  aggregate
purchase price of $710,350. This resulted in the recognition of $389,650 in fixed assets and $320,700 in intangible assets as of the acquisition date.

Nickco Recycling, Inc.

On  May  1,  2017,  the  Company  entered  into  and  closed  an  Asset  Purchase  Agreement  (the  "APA")  with  Nickco  Recycling,  Inc.  ("Nickco")  pursuant  to
which  the  Company  agreed  to  buy  substantially  all  the  processing  equipment  and  the  rolling  stock  of  Nickco  for  aggregate  consideration  of  $1,804,000.  This
included $1,126,730 in cash, 500,000 shares of restricted common stock and contingent consideration of 500,000 shares of common stock, which is payable only
if  the  assets  acquired  meet  a  pre-agreed  EBITDA  target  for  the  12  calendar  months  ending  on  the  last  day  of  the  12th  calendar  month  following  closing.  This
resulted in the recognition of $1,182,000 in fixed assets, $585,000 in net intangible assets, and $203,000 as contingent consideration.

Acquisition of Ygriega Assets

On July 16, 2017, the Company entered into and closed an Asset Purchase and Sale Agreement with Ygriega Environmental Services, LLC ("Ygriega")
pursuant to which the Company agreed to buy substantially all the collections routes of Ygriega (which related to used oil, used oil filters, used anti-freeze and
other  related  services)  and  certain  other  assets,  for  aggregate  consideration  of $196,000,  which  included  $162,500  in  cash  at  time  of  closing  plus  $87,500
payable in two installments in the next two years contingent on collected oil gallons (i.e., adjustable downward in the event certain targets are not met in such
years). The agreement also included a two year non-compete by the seller. This resulted in the recognition of $38,500 in fixed assets, $159,000 in intangibles,  a
bargain gain of $1,500, and contingent consideration of $33,500.

Release of Cash Held in Escrow

On July 31, 2017, the $1.5 million of cash held in escrow pursuant to the terms of the Bango Plant transaction was released from escrow and available

for our general use.

Intellectual Property

We  rely  on  a  combination  of  patent,  trademark,  copyright  and  trade  secret  laws  in  the  United  States  and  other  jurisdictions  as  well  as  confidentiality
procedures and contractual provisions to protect our proprietary technology, trade secrets, technical know-how and other proprietary information. We also enter
into confidentiality and invention assignment agreements with our employees.

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We have two patents registered with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office relating to our TCEP technology:

“System For Making A Usable Hydrocarbon Product From Used Oil” (#8,613,838), which was granted on December 24, 2013; and

“Method for Making a Usable Hydrocarbon Product From Used Oil ” (#8,398,847), which was granted on March 19, 2013.

We also have three patents registered with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office relating to our base oil and VGO technology:

“Used Lubricating Oil Reclaiming” (#5,306,419), which was granted on April 26, 1994; and

“Reconstituting Lubricating Oil” (#5,447,628), which was granted on September 5, 1995; and

“Performance Grade Asphalt and Methods” (#6,203,606), which was granted on March 20, 2001.

•

•

•

•

•

In addition, we have developed a website and have registered  www.vertexenergy.com as our domain name, which contains information we do not desire

to incorporate by reference herein.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

Investing  in  our  common  stock  involves  a  high  degree  of  risk.  You  should  carefully  consider  each  of  the  following  risk  factors  and  all  of  the  other
information set forth in this filing, including our consolidated financial statements and related notes, before investing in our common stock. The following risks and
the  risks  described  elsewhere  in  this  filing,  including  in  the  section  entitled  “Management’s  Discussion  and  Analysis  of  Financial  Condition  and  Results  of
Operations,”  could  materially  harm  our  business,  financial  condition,  future  results  and  cash  flow.  If  that  occurs,  the  trading  price  of  our  common  stock  could
decline, and you could lose all or part of your investment.

RISKS RELATING TO OUR OUTSTANDING CREDIT FACILITIES,
DEBT AND RECEIVABLES, AND FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

We  will  need  to  raise  additional  capital  to  meet  the  requirements  of  the  terms  and  conditions  of  our  Credit  Agreements  and  to  fund  future

acquisitions and our ability to obtain the necessary funding is uncertain.

We will need to raise additional funding to meet the requirements of the terms and conditions of our Credit Agreements. Additionally, we may need to
raise additional funds through public or private debt or equity financing, via the sale of assets or through other various means to fund our obligations, or acquire
assets and businesses in the future. In such a case, adequate funds may not be available when needed or may not be available on favorable terms. If we need
to raise additional funds in the future, by issuing equity securities, dilution to existing stockholders will result, and such securities may have rights, preferences and
privileges  senior  to  those  of  our  common  stock.  If  funding  is  insufficient  at  any  time  in  the  future  and  we  are  unable  to  generate  sufficient  revenue  from  new
business  arrangements,  to  complete  planned  acquisitions  or  operations,  our  results  of  operations  and  the  value  of  our  securities  could  be  adversely  affected.
Future funding may not be available on favorable terms, if at all.

We may not be able to generate sufficient cash flow to meet our debt service and other obligations due to events beyond our control.

Our ability to generate cash flows from operations, to make scheduled payments on or refinance our indebtedness and to fund working capital needs and
planned capital expenditures will depend on our future financial performance and our ability to generate cash in the future. Our future financial performance will be
affected by a range of economic, financial, competitive, business and other factors that we cannot control, such as general economic, legislative, regulatory and
financial  conditions  in  our  industry,  the  economy  generally,  the  price  of  oil  and  other  risks  described  below.  A  significant  reduction  in  operating  cash  flows
resulting  from  changes  in  economic,  legislative  or  regulatory  conditions,  increased  competition  or  other  events  beyond  our  control  could  increase  the  need  for
additional or alternative sources of liquidity and could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, prospects and our
ability to service our debt and other obligations. If we are unable to service our indebtedness or to fund our other liquidity needs, we may be forced to adopt an
alternative  strategy  that  may  include  actions  such  as  reducing  or  delaying  capital  expenditures,  selling  assets,  restructuring  or  refinancing  our  indebtedness,
seeking additional capital, or any combination of the foregoing. If we raise additional debt, it would increase our interest expense, leverage and our operating and
financial costs. We cannot assure you that any of these alternative strategies could be affected on satisfactory

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terms, if at all, or that they would yield sufficient funds to make required payments on our indebtedness or to fund our other liquidity needs. Reducing or delaying
capital expenditures or selling assets could delay future cash flows. In addition, the terms of existing or future debt agreements may restrict us from adopting any
of these alternatives. We cannot assure you that our business will generate sufficient cash flows from operations or that future borrowings will be available in an
amount sufficient to enable us to pay our indebtedness or to fund our other liquidity needs.

If for any reason we are unable to meet our debt service and repayment obligations, we would be in default under the terms of the agreements governing
our  indebtedness,  which  would  allow  our  creditors  at  that  time  to  declare  all  of  our  outstanding  indebtedness  to  be  due  and  payable.  This  would  likely  in  turn
trigger cross-acceleration or cross-default rights between our applicable debt agreements. Under these circumstances, our lenders could compel us to apply all of
our available cash to repay our borrowings. In addition, the lenders under our credit facilities or other secured indebtedness could seek to foreclose on our assets
that are their collateral. If the amounts outstanding under our indebtedness were to be accelerated, or were the subject of foreclosure actions, our assets may not
be sufficient to repay in full the money owed to the lenders or to our other debt holders.

Uncertainty  and  illiquidity  in  credit  and  capital  markets  can  impair  our  ability  to  obtain  credit  and  financing  on  acceptable  terms  and  can

adversely affect the financial strength of our business partners.

Our ability to obtain credit and capital depends in large measure on the state of the credit and capital markets, which is beyond our control. Our ability to
access credit and capital markets may be restricted at a time when we would like, or need, access to those markets, which could constrain our flexibility to react
to changing economic and business conditions. In addition, the cost and availability of debt and equity financing may be adversely impacted by unstable or illiquid
market conditions. Protracted uncertainty and illiquidity in these markets also could have an adverse impact on our lenders, commodity hedging counterparties, or
our customers, preventing them from meeting their obligations to us.

From time to time, our cash needs may exceed our internally generated cash flow, and our business could be materially and adversely affected if we are
unable to obtain necessary funds from financing activities. From time to time, we may need to supplement cash generated from operations with proceeds from
financing  activities.  Uncertainty  and  illiquidity  in  financial  markets  may  materially  impact  the  ability  of  the  participating  financial  institutions  to  fund  their
commitments to us under our liquidity facilities. Accordingly, we may not be able to obtain the full amount of the funds available under our liquidity facilities to
satisfy our cash requirements, and our failure to do so could have a material adverse effect on our operations and financial position.

We  have  substantial  indebtedness  which  could  adversely  affect  our  financial  flexibility  and  our  competitive  position.  Our  debt  agreements
have previously been declared in default, and our future failure to comply with financial covenants in our debt agreements could result in such debt
agreements again being declared in default.

We  have  a  significant  amount  of  outstanding  indebtedness.  As  of  December  31,  2017,  we  owed  approximately  $10.3  million  in  accounts  payable  and
accrued expenses. As of December 31, 2017, we owed $14.75 million  under the EBC Credit Agreement and $4.6 million under the Revolving Credit Agreement
(each defined and described below under “Part II. - Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Liquidity
and Capital Resources - Credit and Guaranty Agreement and Revolving Credit Facility with Encina Business Credit, LLC”), and are further required to redeem all
outstanding Series B Preferred Stock and Series B1 Preferred Stock (which currently, as of date of filing, has a liquidation and redemption value of $26.1 million)
on June 24, 2020.

Our substantial indebtedness could have important consequences and significant effects on our business. For example, it could:

increase our vulnerability to adverse changes in general economic, industry and competitive conditions;

require us to dedicate a substantial portion of our cash flow from operations to make payments on our indebtedness, thereby reducing the availability of
our cash flow to fund working capital, capital expenditures and other general corporate purposes;

restrict us from taking advantage of business opportunities;

•

•

•

• make it more difficult to satisfy our financial obligations;

•

place us at a competitive disadvantage compared to our competitors that have less debt obligations; and

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•

limit  our  ability  to  borrow  additional  funds  for  working  capital,  capital  expenditures,  acquisitions,  debt  service  requirements,  execution  of  our  business
strategy or other general corporate purposes on satisfactory terms or at all.

We may need to raise additional funding in the future to repay or refinance the Credit Agreements and our accounts payable, and as such may need to
seek additional debt or equity financing. Such additional financing may not be available on favorable terms, if at all. If debt financing is available and obtained, our
interest expense may increase and we may be subject to the risk of default, depending on the terms of such financing. If equity financing is available and obtained
it may result in our shareholders experiencing significant dilution. If such financing is unavailable, we may be forced to curtail our operations, which may cause the
value  of  our  securities  to  decline  in  value  and/or  become  worthless.  Furthermore,  the  fact  that  our  prior  credit  agreements  have  previously  been  declared  in
default may negatively affect the perception of the Company and our ability to pay our debts as they become due in the future and could result in the price of our
securities declining in value or being valued at lower levels than companies with similar histories of defaults.

The  covenants  in  our  credit  and  loan  agreements  restrict  our  ability  to  operate  our  business  and  might  lead  to  a  default  under  our  credit

agreements.

Our debt agreements limit, among other things, our ability to:

•

•

incur or guarantee additional indebtedness;

create liens;

• make payments to junior creditors;

• make investments;

•

•

sell material assets;

affect fundamental changes in our structure;

• make certain acquisitions;

•

•

•

sell interests in our subsidiaries;

consolidate or merge with or into other companies or transfer all or substantially all of our assets; and

engage in transactions with affiliates.

The  Credit  Agreements  contain  customary  representations,  warranties  and  requirements  for  the  Company  to  indemnify  the  lenders  and  their  affiliates.
The Credit Agreements also include various covenants (positive and negative) binding upon the Company, including, prohibiting us from undertaking acquisitions
or dispositions unless they meet the criteria set forth in the Credit Agreements, not incurring any capital expenditures in amount exceeding $3 million in any fiscal
year that the Credit Agreements are in place, and requiring us to maintain at least $2.5 million of borrowing availability under the Revolving Credit Agreement at
any time.

As a result of these covenants and limitations, we may not be able to respond to changes in business and economic conditions and to obtain additional
financing, if needed, and we may be prevented from engaging in transactions that might otherwise be beneficial to us. Our credit and loan agreements require,
and our future credit facilities and loan agreements may require, us to maintain certain financial ratios and satisfy certain other financial condition tests. Our ability
to meet these financial ratios and tests can be affected by events beyond our control, and we may not be able to meet those tests. The breach of any of these
covenants could result in a default under our credit agreements or future credit facilities. Upon the occurrence of an event of default, the lenders could elect to
declare all amounts outstanding under such credit agreements, including accrued interest or other obligations, to be immediately due and payable. If amounts
outstanding  under  such  credit  agreements  were  to  be  accelerated,  our  assets  might  not  be  sufficient  to  repay  in  full  that  indebtedness  and  our  other
indebtedness.

Our  credit  agreements  and  loan  agreements  also  contain  cross-default  and  cross-acceleration  provisions.  Under  these  provisions,  a  default  or
acceleration under one instrument governing our debt may constitute a default under our other debt instruments that contain cross-default and cross-acceleration
provisions, which could result in the related debt and the debt issued

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under such other instruments becoming immediately due and payable. In such event, we would need to raise funds from alternative sources, which funds might
not be available to us on favorable terms, on a timely basis or at all. Alternatively, such a default could require us to sell assets and otherwise curtail operations to
pay our creditors. The proceeds of such a sale of assets, or curtailment of operations, might not enable us to pay all of our liabilities.

Our ability to service our indebtedness will depend on our ability to generate cash in the future.

Our  ability  to  make  payments  on  our  indebtedness  will  depend  on  our  ability  to  generate  cash  in  the  future.  Our  ability  to  generate  cash  is  subject  to
general economic and market conditions and financial, competitive, legislative, regulatory and other factors that are beyond our control. Our business may not
generate sufficient cash to fund our working capital requirements, capital expenditure, debt service and other liquidity needs, which could result in our inability to
comply with financial and other covenants contained in our debt agreements, our being unable to repay or pay interest on our indebtedness, and our inability to
fund our other liquidity needs. If we are unable to service our debt obligations, fund our other liquidity needs and maintain compliance with our financial and other
covenants, we could be forced to curtail our operations, our creditors could accelerate our indebtedness and exercise other remedies and we could be required to
pursue  one  or  more  alternative  strategies,  such  as  selling  assets  or  refinancing  or  restructuring  our  indebtedness.  However,  such  alternatives  may  not  be
feasible or adequate.

Our failure to comply with the covenants in the documents governing our existing and future indebtedness could materially adversely affect our

financial condition and liquidity.

In  connection  with  the  Credit  Agreements,  we  agreed  to  comply  with  certain  affirmative  and  negative  covenants  and  agreed  to  meet  certain  financial
covenants (described in greater detail above under “The covenants in our credit and loan agreements restrict our ability to operate our business and might lead to
a default under our credit agreements”).

The Credit Agreements include customary events of default for facilities of a similar nature and size as the Credit Agreements, including if an event of
default occurs under any agreement evidencing $500,000 or more of indebtedness of the Company; we fail to make any payment when due under any material
agreement; subject to certain exceptions, any judgment is entered against the Company in an amount exceeding $500,000; and also provides that an event of
default occurs if a change in control of the Company occurs, which includes if (a) Benjamin P. Cowart, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer, Chairman of the
Board and largest shareholder and Chris Carlson, the Chief Financial Officer of the Company, cease to own and control legally and beneficially, collectively, either
directly  or  indirectly,  equity  securities  in  Vertex  Energy,  Inc.,  representing  more  than  15%  of  the  combined  voting  power  of  all  securities  entitled  to  vote  for
members  of  the  board  of  directors  or  equivalent  on  a  fully-diluted  basis,  (b)  the  acquisition  of  ownership,  directly  or  indirectly,  beneficially  or  of  record,  by  any
person or group of securities representing more than 30% of the aggregate ordinary voting power represented by the issued and outstanding securities of Vertex
Energy, Inc., or (c) during any period of 12 consecutive months, a majority of the members of the board of directors of the Company cease to be composed of
individuals (i) who were members of that board or equivalent governing body on the first day of such period, (ii) whose election or nomination to that board or
equivalent governing body was approved by individuals referred to in clause (i) above constituting at the time of such election or nomination at least a majority of
that  board  or  equivalent  governing  body  or  (iii)  whose  election  or  nomination  to  that  board  or  other  equivalent  governing  body  was  approved  by  individuals
referred to in clauses (i) and (ii) above constituting at the time of such election or nomination at least a majority of that board or equivalent governing body.

A  breach  of  any  of  the  covenants  of  the  Credit  Agreements  or  any  future  agreements,  if  uncured,  could  lead  to  an  event  of  default  under  any  such
document, which in some circumstances could give our creditors the right to demand that we accelerate repayment of amounts due and/or enforce their security
interests  over  substantially  all  of  our  assets.  This  would  likely  in  turn  trigger  cross-acceleration  or  cross-default  rights  in  other  documents  governing  our
indebtedness.  Therefore,  in  the  event  of  any  such  breach,  we  may  need  to  seek  covenant  waivers  or  amendments  from  our  creditors  or  seek  alternative  or
additional sources of financing, and we may not be able to obtain any such waivers or amendments or alternative or additional financing on acceptable terms, if
at  all.  In  addition,  any  covenant  breach  or  event  of  default  could  harm  our  credit  rating  and  our  ability  to  obtain  additional  financing  on  acceptable  terms.  The
occurrence of any of these events could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and liquidity and/or cause our lenders to enforce their security
interests  which  could  ultimately  result  in  the  foreclosure  of  our  assets,  which  would  have  a  material  adverse  effect  on  our  operations  and  the  value  of  our
securities.

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Our obligations under the Credit Agreements are secured by a first priority security interest in substantially all of our assets.

Our obligations under the Credit Agreements are secured by a first priority security interest in substantially all of our assets. Additionally, substantially all
of our subsidiaries agreed to guarantee our obligations under the Credit Agreements. As such, our creditors may enforce their security interests over our assets
and/or our subsidiaries which secure the repayment of such obligations, take control of our assets and operations, force us to seek bankruptcy protection, or force
us to curtail or abandon our current business plans and operations. If that were to happen, any investment in the Company could become worthless.

If we are unable to maintain a credit facility, it could have an adverse effect on our business.

We have historically been able to maintain lines of credit and other credit facilities similar to the Credit Agreements. We rely heavily on the availability and
utilization of these lines of credit and credit facilities for our operations and for the purchase of inventory. If we are unable to renew or replace our facility or are
unable to borrow funds under such facility or any future facility, we may be forced to curtail or abandon our current and/or future planned business operations.

A decline in expected profitability of the Company or any of our business divisions could result in the impairment of assets and other long-lived

assets, including goodwill.

We hold material amounts of long-lived assets on our balance sheet. A decline in expected profitability of one of our operating segments or a decline in

the global economy, could call into question the recoverability of our related goodwill, other long-lived tangible and intangible assets, and require us to write down
or write off these assets. Such an occurrence could have a material adverse effect on our annual results of operations and financial position.

RISKS RELATING TO OUR OPERATIONS, BUSINESS AND INDUSTRY

General Risks

The price of oil and fluctuations in oil prices may have a negative effect on our results of operations.

The majority of our operations are associated with collecting used oil, re-refining or otherwise processing a portion of such used oil and then selling both
such re-refined/processed oil and the excess feedstock oil which we do not currently have the capacity to re-refine, to other customers. The prices at which we
sell our re-refined/processed oil and extra feedstock are affected by changes in the reported spot market prices of oil. If applicable rates increase or decrease, we
typically  will  charge  a  higher  or  lower  corresponding  price  for  our  re-refined/processed  oil  and  excess  feedstock.  The  price  at  which  we  sell  our  re-
refined/processed  oil  and  excess  feedstock  is  affected  by  changes  in  certain  indices  measuring  changes  in  the  price  of  heavy  fuel  oil,  with  increases  and
decreases  in  the  indices  typically  translating  into  a  higher  or  lower  price  for  our  re-refined/processed  oil  and  excess  feedstock.  The  cost  to  collect  used  oil,
including the amounts we pay to obtain a portion of our used oil and therefore ability to collect necessary volumes as well as the fuel costs of our oil collection
fleet,  typically  also  increases  or  decreases  when  the  relevant  indices  increase  or  decrease.  However,  even  though  the  prices  we  can  charge  for  our  re-
refined/processed  oil  and  excess  feedstock  and  the  costs  to  collect  and  re-refine/processed  used  oil  typically  increase  and  decrease  together,  there  is  no
assurance that when our costs to collect and re-refine/process used oil increase we will be able to increase the prices we charge for our re-refined/processed oil
excess  feedstock  to  cover  such  increased  costs,  or  that  our  costs  to  collect  and  re-refine/process  used  oil  will  decline  when  the  prices  we  can  charge  for  re-
refined/processed oil declines. These risks are exacerbated when there are rapid fluctuations in these oil indices.

In addition to the above, the value of re-refined and processed used oil is usually greater the more expensive oil is. As the price of oil decreases so does
the spread between re-refined/processed used oil and refined oil and extremely low oil prices, such as the global markets experienced during fiscal 2015 and
2016, customers will often be willing to pay the slightly higher cost of refined oil rather than paying for re-refined/processed oil. Furthermore, as the price of oil
decreases, the price we can charge for re-refined/processed oil decreases, and while in general the cost of our feedstocks decrease, the fixed prices required to
process  such  feedstock  and  operate  our  plans  remain  fixed.  As  such,  in  the  event  the  price  of  oil  remains  low  and  we  are  not  able  to  increase  the  prices  we
charge for re-refined/processed oil, our margins will likely decrease and it may not become economically feasible to continue to operate our facilities. In the event
that were to occur we may be forced to shut down our facilities.

The occurrence of any of the events described above could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and could in turn cause the value

of our securities to decline in value.

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The prices of many of our products are subject to significant volatility.

Our principal products include marine fuel cutterstock and a higher-value feedstock for further processing, vacuum oil gas, base oil that is sold to lubricant
packagers  and  distributors,  pygas,  gasoline  blendstock  and  marine  fuel  cutterstock.  The  prices  of  these  products  are  tied  to  the  value  of  oil.  Accordingly,  our
results of operations will be affected by fluctuations in the prevailing market price for oil. Historically, market prices for oil have fluctuated in response to a number
of factors, including global changes in supply and demand resulting from changes in local and global economic conditions, changes in energy policies of U.S. and
foreign  governments,  changes  in  international  trading  policies,  OPEC,  and  other  factors.  While  we  seek  to  mitigate  the  risks  associated  with  price  declines,
including in some situations, by using hedging, a significant decrease in the market price of any of our products or of oil would have a material adverse effect on
our  results  of  operations  and  cash  flow.  Furthermore,  rapid  and  material  changes  in  feedstock  prices  generally  have  an  immediate  and,  often  times,  material
impact  on  the  Company’s  gross  margin  and  profitability  resulting  from  the  lag  effect  or  lapse  of  time  from  the  procurement  of  the  feedstock  until  they  are  re-
refined/processed and the finished products are sold. Our results of operations could be materially and adversely affected in the future by this volatility.

Our TCEP only makes commercial sense when the market price for oil is high.

We are currently utilizing TCEP to pre-treat our used motor oil feedstocks prior to shipping them to our facility at Marrero. We have not operated our TCEP
for the purpose of producing finished cutterstock since the third quarter of fiscal 2015. As the price of oil decreased sharply in fiscal 2016, we determined that it
did not make economic sense to run our TCEP, which generates the greatest margins when oil prices are high. When oil prices are low, like they are currently,
the  fixed  costs  of  TCEP  are  greater  than  the  price  we  can  charge  for  re-refined  oil  we  can  create  using  such  technology.  In  the  event  oil  prices  remain  low,
moving forward we anticipate not operating TCEP, nor do we anticipate generating any revenues through the use of such technology and processes.

Downturns  and  volatility  in  global  economies  and  commodity  and  credit  markets  could  materially  adversely  affect  our  business,  results  of

operations and financial condition.

Our results of operations are materially affected by the conditions of the global economies and the credit, commodities and stock markets. Among other
things,  we  may  be  adversely  impacted  if  our  customers  and  suppliers  are  not  able  to  access  sufficient  capital  to  continue  to  operate  their  businesses  or  to
operate them at prior levels. A decline in consumer confidence or changing patterns in the availability and use of disposable income by consumers can negatively
affect  both  our  suppliers  and  customers.  Declining  discretionary  consumer  spending  or  the  loss  or  impairment  of  a  meaningful  number  of  our  suppliers  or
customers could lead to a dislocation in either feedstock availability or customer demand. Any tightening in credit supply could negatively affect our customers’
ability  to  pay  for  our  products  on  a  timely  basis  or  at  all  and  could  result  in  a  requirement  for  additional  bad  debt  reserves.  Although  many  of  our  customer
contracts are formula-based, continued volatility in the oil market could negatively impact our revenues and overall profits. Counterparty risk on finished product
sales can also impact revenue and operating profits when customers either are unable to obtain credit or refuse to take delivery of finished products due to market
price declines.

If we are unable to retain current, and attain new customers, our revenue and cash flows could be reduced to levels that could adversely affect

our results of operations.

Any of the following factors:

•

•

•

•

a material decrease in the supply or price of crude oil or petroleum related products in which we deal;

a material decrease in demand for the finished products in the markets we serve;

scheduled refinery turnarounds or unscheduled maintenance; and

operational problems or catastrophic events at any of our facilities,

could result in our inability to maintain current customers or attain new customers. If that were to happen our results of operations could be materially

adversely affected and the value of our securities could decline in value.

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We are dependent on third parties for the disposal of our waste streams.

We do not own any waste disposal sites. As a result, we are dependent on third parties for the disposal of waste streams. To date, disposal vendors have
met their requirements but they may not continue to do so. If for some reason our current disposal vendors cannot perform up to standards, we may be required
to replace them. Although we believe there are a number of potential replacement disposal vendors that could provide such services, we may incur additional
costs  and  delays  in  identifying  and  qualifying  such  replacements.  In  addition,  any  mishandling  of  our  waste  streams  by  disposal  vendors  could  expose  us  to
liability. Any failure by disposal vendors to properly collect, transport, handle or dispose of our waste streams could expose us to liability, damage our reputation
and generally have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.

We are dependent on third party generators and collectors for our feedstock.

Generators  are  entities  that  generate  used  oil  through  their  daily  operations  such  as  automotive  businesses  conducting  oil  changes  on  consumer  and

commercial vehicles and industrial users changing lubricants on machinery and heavy equipment.

Collectors are typically local businesses that purchase used oil from generators and provide on-site collection services. The collection market is highly

fragmented and we believe there are more than 400 used oil collectors in the United States.

We depend on generators to generate used oil feedstock and collectors to collect such feedstock. In the event a significant number of generators cease
generating feedstock, or generators and collectors cease providing us their feedstock or otherwise materially change the current process by which feedstock is
collected, it could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.

Worsening economic conditions and trends and downturns in the business cycles of the industries we serve and which provide services to us

would impact our business and operating results.

A significant portion of our customer base is comprised of companies in the chemical manufacturing and hydrocarbon recovery industries. The overall
levels of demand for our products, refining operations, and future planned re-refined oil products are driven by fluctuations in levels of end-user demand, which
depend in large part on general macroeconomic conditions in the U.S., as well as regional economic conditions. For example, many of our principal consumers
are themselves heavily dependent on general economic conditions, including the price of fuel and energy, availability of affordable credit and capital, employment
levels,  interest  rates,  consumer  confidence  and  housing  demand.  These  cyclical  shifts  in  our  customers’  businesses  may  result  in  fluctuations  in  demand,
volumes, pricing and operating margins for our services and products.

In  addition  to  our  customers,  the  suppliers  of  our  feedstock  may  also  be  affected  by  downturns  in  the  economy  and  adverse  changes  in  the  price  of
feedstock. For example, we previously experienced difficulty obtaining feedstock from our suppliers who, because of the sharp downturn in the price of oil (used
and otherwise) have seen their margins decrease substantially, which in some cases have made it uneconomical for such suppliers to purchase feedstock from
their  suppliers  and/or  sell  to  us  at  the  rates  set  forth  in  their  contracts.  Any  similar  decline  in  the  price  of  oil  and/or  the  economy  in  general  could  create  a
decrease in the supply of feedstock, prevent us from maintaining our required levels of output and/or force us to seek additional suppliers of feedstock, who may
charge more than our current suppliers, and therefore adversely affect our results of operations.

Our operating margins and profitability may be negatively impacted by changes in fuel and energy costs.

We  transport  our  feedstock,  refined  oil  and  re-refined  oil,  VGO  and  other  materials  with  trucks  and  by  rail.  As  a  result,  increases  in  shipping  and
transportation costs caused by increases in oil, gasoline and diesel prices have a significant impact on our operating expenses. The price and supply of oil and
gas is unpredictable and fluctuates based on events beyond our control, including geopolitical developments, natural disasters, supply and demand for oil and
natural  gas,  actions  by  OPEC  and  other  oil  and  gas  producers,  war  and  unrest  in  oil  producing  countries,  regional  production  patterns  and  environmental
concerns. A significant increase in transportation or fuel costs could lower our operating margins and negatively impact our profitability.

Additionally, the price at which we sell our refined oil and our re-refined oil, VGO and other materials is affected by changes in certain oil indexes. If the
relevant oil index rises, we anticipate being able to increase the prices for our refined and re-refined oil. If the relevant oil index declines, we anticipate having to
reduce prices for our refined and re-refined oil. However, the cost to collect used oil and refinery feedstock, including the amounts that must be paid to obtain used
oil and feedstock, generally also increases or decreases when the relevant index increases or decreases. Even though the prices that can be charged for our
refined and re-refined products and the costs to collect, refine, and re-refine the feedstock generally increase and decrease together, if the costs to collect, refine
and re-refine used oil and petrochemical products increase in the future, we may not be able to increase

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the  prices  we  charge  for  our  refined  and  re-refined  products  to  cover  such  increased  costs.  Additionally,  the  costs  to  collect,  refine  and  re-refine  used  oil  and
petrochemical products may not decline if the prices we can charge for our products decline. If the prices we charge for our finished products and the costs to
collect, refine and re-refine products do not move together or in similar magnitudes, our profitability may be materially and negatively impacted.

We are vulnerable to the potential difficulties associated with rapid growth.

We believe that our future success depends on our ability to manage the rapid growth that we have experienced, and the continued growth that we expect
to  experience  organically  and  through  acquisitions.  Our  growth  places  additional  demands  and  responsibilities  on  our  management  to,  among  other  things,
maintain existing suppliers and customers and attract, recruit, retain and effectively manage employees, as well as expand operations. The following factors could
present  difficulties  to  us:  lack  of  sufficient  executive-level  personnel  and  increased  administrative  burden;  availability  of  suitable  acquisition  candidates,  trucks,
barges, tanks, rail cars and processing facilities; and the ability to provide focused service attention to our customers, among others.

Our  contracts  may  not  be  renewed  and  our  existing  relationships  may  not  continue,  which  could  be  exacerbated  by  the  fact  that  a  limited

number of our customers represented a significant portion of our sales.

Our  contracts  and  relationships  in  the  black  oil  business  include  feedstock  purchasing  agreements  with  local  waste  oil  collectors,  feedstock  sale
agreements, a few key relationships in the bunkering, blending and No. 6 oil industry, and other relationships. Because our operations are extremely dependent
on the black oil key bunkering, blending and No. 6 oil relationships as well as our third-party refining contracts, if we were to lose relationships, there would be a
material  adverse  effect  on  our  operations  and  results  of  operations.  Additionally,  if  we  were  to  lose  any  of  our  current  local  waste  oil  collectors,  we  could  be
required to spend additional resources locating and providing incentives for other waste oil collectors, which could cause our expenses to increase and/or cause
us to curtail or abandon our business plans.

A significant portion of our historical revenues are a result of our agreement with KMTEX.

We have an agreement in place with KMTEX, which specializes in the custom processing of petrochemicals and other chemicals. Our services include
terminal storage and expert project management in materials handling, distillation, filtration, molecular sieve, and reaction chemistry, pursuant to which KMTEX
agreed  to  process  feedstock  of  certain  petroleum  distillates,  which  we  provide  to  KMTEX  to  process  into  more  valuable  feedstocks,  including  pygas,  gasoline
blendstock and cutterstock, which agreement currently expires on December 31, 2018, provided that if not terminated by either party by written notice to the other,
received within ninety (90) days prior to the expiration of the initial term or any extension term, the agreement automatically renews for up to six additional one (1)
year periods. However, either party can terminate the agreement at any time with ninety days prior written notice for any reason and with thirty days written notice
upon the occurrence of certain material termination events as described in greater detail in the agreement. If KMTEX were to terminate our relationship and/or not
agree  to  renew  our  agreement  with  it,  we  would  be  forced  to  spend  resources  attempting  to  locate  another  party  which  we  could  supply  our  feedstock  which
could  take  substantial  time,  if  such  alternative  party  is  even  available.  If  we  are  able  to  find  another  contracting  party,  the  terms  of  the  understanding  or
agreement with such contracting party may be on terms less favorable to us and/or may force us to transport our feedstock a greater distance. As a result of the
above, if we were to lose our relationship with KMTEX our expenses may increase, our results of operations may decrease and/or it may cause us to curtail or
abandon our business plans, all of which would likely cause the value of our securities to decrease in value.

We operate in competitive markets, and there can be no certainty that we will maintain our current customers or attract new customers or that

our operating margins will not be impacted by competition.

The  industries  in  which  we  operate  are  highly  competitive.  We  compete  with  numerous  local  and  regional  companies  of  varying  sizes  and  financial
resources  in  our  refining  and  feedstock  consolidation  operations,  transportation  services,  feedstock  collection  and  aggregation  and  used  oil  recycling,  and  we
compete with larger oil companies, with significantly greater resources than us, in our oil re-refining operations. We expect competition to intensify in the future.
Furthermore,  numerous  well-established  companies  are  focusing  significant  resources  on  providing  used  oil  collection,  transportation,  refining  and  re-refining
services that will compete with our services. We may not be able to effectively compete with these other companies and competitive pressures, including possible
downward pressure on the prices we charge for our products and services, may arise. In the event that we cannot effectively compete on a continuing basis, or
competitive pressures arise, such inability to compete or competitive pressures could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and
financial condition.

Disruptions in the supply of feedstock and/or increases in the cost of feedstock could have an adverse effect on our business.

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We depend on the continuing availability of raw materials, including feedstock, to remain in production. Additionally, we depend on the price of such raw
materials,  including  feedstock  being  reasonable  to  us  in  relation  to  the  prices  we  are  able  to  receive  for  our  final  products.  A  serious  disruption  in  supply  of
feedstock, or significant increases in the prices of feedstock, could significantly reduce the availability of raw materials at our plants and which are available to be
processed by our third-party processors. Additionally, increases in production costs could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations
and financial condition.

For example, we have previously experienced difficulty in obtaining feedstock from our suppliers who, because of the sharp downturn in the price of oil
(used and otherwise) have seen their margins decrease substantially, which in some cases has made it uneconomical for such suppliers to purchase feedstock
from their suppliers and/or sell to us at the rates set forth in their contracts. Any similar decline in the price of oil and/or the economy in general could create a
decrease in the supply of feedstock, prevent us from maintaining our required levels of output and/or force us to seek out additional suppliers of feedstock, who
may charge more than our current suppliers, and therefore adversely affect our results of operations.

Our reliance on small business customers causes us to be subject to the trends and downturns that impact small businesses, which could

adversely affect our business.

Our feedstock customer base is primarily composed of small businesses in the vehicle repair and manufacturing industries. The high concentration of our

feedstock customers that are small businesses exposes us to significant risk.  Small businesses start, close, relocate, and are acquired and sold frequently. In
addition, small businesses are often impacted more significantly by economic recessions when compared to larger businesses. As a result, we must continually
identify new feedstock customers and expand our business with existing feedstock customers in order to sustain our growth and feedstock supply. If we
experience a rise in levels of customer turnover, it may have a negative impact on the profitability of our business.

Unanticipated problems at, or downtime effecting, our facilities and those operated by third parties on which we rely, could have a material

adverse effect on our results of operations.

Our ability to process feedstocks depends on our ability to operate our refining/processing operations and facilities, and those operated by third parties on
which  we  rely,  including,  but  not  limited  to  KMTEX,  and  the  total  time  that  such  facilities  are  online  and  operational.  The  occurrence  of  significant  unforeseen
conditions  or  events  in  connection  with  the  operation  or  maintenance  of  such  facilities,  such  as  the  need  to  refurbish  such  facilities,  shortages  of  workers  or
materials, adverse weather, including, but not limited to lightning strikes, floods, hurricanes, tornadoes, earthquakes, equipment failures, fires, explosions, oil or
other leaks, damage to or destruction of property and equipment associated therewith, environmental releases and/or damage, government regulation changes
affecting the use of such facilities, terrorist attacks, mechanical or physical failures of equipment, acts of God, or other conditions or events, could prevent us from
operating our facilities, or prevent such third parties from operating their facilities, or could force us or such third parties to shut such facilities down for repairs,
maintenance, refurbishment or upgrades for a significant period of time. In the event any of our facilities or those of third parties on which we rely are offline for an
extended period of time it could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and consequently the price of our securities.

The fees charged to customers under our agreements with them may not escalate sufficiently to cover increases in costs and the agreements

may be suspended in some circumstances, which would affect our profitability.

Under  our  agreements  with  our  customers,  we  may  be  unable  to  increase  the  fees  that  we  charge  our  customers  at  a  rate  sufficient  to  offset  any
increases  in  our  costs.  Additionally,  some  customers’  obligations  under  their  agreements  with  us  may  be  permanently  or  temporarily  reduced  upon  the
occurrence of certain events, some of which are beyond our control, including force majeure events. Force majeure events may include (but are not limited to)
events  such  as  revolutions,  wars,  acts  of  enemies,  embargoes,  import  or  export  restrictions,  strikes,  lockouts,  fires,  storms,  floods,  acts  of  God,  explosions,
mechanical or physical failures of our equipment or facilities of our customers. If the escalation of fees is insufficient to cover increased costs or if any customer
suspends or terminates its contracts with us, our profitability could be materially and adversely affected.

Improvements  in  or  new  discoveries  of  alternative  energy  technologies  could  have  a  material  adverse  effect  on  our  financial  condition  and

results of operations.

Because our business depends on the demand for oil and used oil, any improvement in or new discoveries of alternative energy technologies (such as
wind, solar, geothermal, fuel cells and biofuels) that increase the use of alternative forms of energy and reduce the demand for oil, used oil and oil and used oil
related products could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

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Improvements  in  or  new  methodologies  or  technology  relating  to  the  refining  and  re-refining  of  used  oil  feedstocks  could  have  a  material

adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

In the event our competitors or future competitors design or implement new methodologies or new technology relating to the refining or re-refining of used
oil feedstock it could reduce demand for our processes, or make such processes commercially irrelevant. In the event we are not able to duplicate or license such
new methodologies or technology it could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our business is subject to operational and safety risks, including the risk of personal injury to employees and others.

Our  operations  involve  risks  such  as  truck  accidents,  equipment  defects,  malfunctions  and  failures.  Additionally,  our  operations  are  subject  to  risk
associated with releases of oil and other materials. Operation of our facilities involves additional risks of fire and explosion. Any of these risks could potentially
result in injury or death of employees and others, a need to shut down or reduce operation of facilities, increased operating expense and exposure to liability for
pollution and other environmental damage, and property damage or destruction.

While  we  seek  to  minimize  our  exposure  to  such  risks  through  comprehensive  training,  compliance  and  response  and  recovery  programs,  as  well  as
vehicle and equipment maintenance programs, if we were to incur substantial liabilities in excess of any applicable insurance, our business, results of operations
and financial condition could be adversely affected. Any such incidents could also tarnish our reputation and reduce the value of our brand. Additionally, a major
operational  failure,  even  if  suffered  by  a  competitor,  may  bring  enhanced  scrutiny  and  regulation  of  our  industry,  with  a  corresponding  increase  in  operating
expense.

We  may  be  subject  to  citizen  opposition  and  negative  publicity  due  to  public  concerns  over  our  operations  and  planned  future  operations,

which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.

There currently exists a high level of public concern over hazardous waste and refining and re-refining operations, including with respect to the location
and operation of transfer, processing, storage and disposal facilities. Part of our business strategy is to increase our re-refining capacity through the construction
of  new  facilities  in  growth  markets.  Zoning,  permit  and  licensing  applications  and  proceedings,  as  well  as  regulatory  enforcement  proceedings,  are  all  matters
open to public scrutiny and comment. Accordingly, from time to time we may be subject to citizen opposition and publicity which may damage our reputation and
delay or limit the planned expansion and development of future facilities or operations or impair our ability to renew existing permits, any of which could prevent us
from implementing our growth strategy and have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.

We depend heavily on the services of our Chief Executive Officer and Chairman, Benjamin P. Cowart.

Our success depends heavily upon the personal efforts and abilities of Benjamin P. Cowart, our Chief Executive Officer and Chairman, who is employed
by us pursuant to an employment contract which continues in effect until December 31, 2018, provided that the agreement automatically extends for additional
one year terms thereafter in the event neither party provides the other at least 60 days prior notice of their intention not to renew the terms of the agreement. We
do not currently have any “key man” life insurance policy in place for Mr. Cowart. The loss of Mr. Cowart or other key employees could have a material adverse
effect on our business, results of operations or financial condition. In addition, the absence of Mr. Cowart may force us to seek a replacement who may have less
experience or who may not understand our business as well, or we may not be able to find a suitable replacement.

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Unanticipated problems or delays in building our facilities to the proper specifications may harm our business and viability.

Our future growth will depend on our ability to timely and economically complete and operate our re-refining facilities and operate our existing refining
operations  and  facilities.  If  our  operations  are  disrupted  or  our  economic  integrity  is  threatened  for  unexpected  reasons,  our  business  may  experience  a
substantial  setback.  Moreover,  the  occurrence  of  significant  unforeseen  conditions  or  events  in  connection  with  the  construction  of  our  planned  facilities  may
require  us  to  reexamine  our  business  model.  Any  change  to  our  business  model  or  management’s  evaluation  of  the  viability  of  our  planned  services  may
adversely affect our business. Construction costs for our future facilities may also increase to a level that would make a new facility too expensive to complete or
unprofitable to operate. Contractors, engineering firms, construction firms and equipment suppliers also receive requests and orders from other companies and,
therefore, we may not be able to secure their services or products on a timely basis or on acceptable financial terms. We may suffer significant delays or cost
overruns as a result of a variety of factors, such as increases in the prices of raw materials, shortages of workers or materials, transportation constraints, adverse
weather,  equipment  failures,  fires,  damage  to  or  destruction  of  property  and  equipment,  environmental  damage,  unforeseen  difficulties  or  labor  issues,  any  of
which could prevent us from beginning or completing construction or commencing operations at future re-refining facilities.

Strategic relationships on which we rely are subject to change.

Our ability to identify and enter into commercial arrangements with feedstock suppliers and refined and re-refined oil clients depends on developing and
maintaining close working relationships with industry participants. Our success in this area also depends on our ability to select and evaluate suitable projects as
well as to consummate transactions in a highly competitive environment. These factors are subject to change and may impair our ability to grow.

Disruptions to infrastructure and our and our partner’s facilities could materially and adversely affect our business.

Our  business  depends  on  the  continuing  availability  of  road,  railroad,  port,  storage  and  distribution  infrastructure  and  our  re-refining  facilities.  Any
disruptions  in  this  infrastructure  network  or  such  re-refining  facilities,  whether  caused  by  labor  difficulties,  earthquakes,  storms,  other  natural  disasters,  human
error or malfeasance or other reasons, could have a material adverse effect on our business. We rely on third parties to maintain the rail lines from our plants to
the national rail network, and any failure by these third parties to maintain the lines could impede the delivery of products, impose additional costs and could have
a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition. For example, previous damage to our terminal facility located at Cedar
Marine Terminal in Baytown, Texas as a result of Hurricane Ike in 2008 (which caused the terminal to temporarily be out of operation) resulted in increased costs
associated with the shipping of feedstock through third-party contractors, thereby raising the overall cost of the feedstock and lowering our margins. Additional
hurricanes or natural disasters in the future could cause similar damage to our infrastructure, prevent us from generating revenues while such infrastructure is
undergoing repair (if repairable) and/or cause our margins and therefore our results of operations to be adversely affected.

Additionally,  we  also  experienced  a  fire  at  our  Heartland  facility  in  February  2016,  which  took  the  facility  offline  for  repairs  for  a  period  of  time.  Any
prolonged period during which the facilities we operate or acquire are non-operational or operational on a limited basis due to the decision to refurbish or upgrade
such  facilities,  due  to  accidents  or  events  which  occur  at  such  facilities,  including,  but  not  limited  to  fires,  floods  or  other  acts  of  God,  or  any  other  reason,
including problems with the facilities, could adversely affect our revenues and results of operations. Furthermore, any period during which KMTEX’s facilities or
our other facilities are offline could have an adverse effect on our revenues, force us to seek alternative re-refining facilities (which may be more expensive or
require us to transport our feedstock over longer distances) and may increase our expenses, decreasing our operating margins.

Negative publicity may harm our operations and we may face additional expenses due to such negative publicity.

Only  a  relatively  small  number  of  entities  operate  in  our  industry  including  competitors,  feedstock  suppliers,  re-refining  operators,  purchasers  of  our
products and transportation companies. If issues arise with our products or third parties (including entities which operate in our industry) allege issues with our
products, even if no issues with such products exist, such negative publicity may force us to change service providers, undertake certain transportation activities
ourselves, at higher costs than third parties would charge, or cause certain of our buyers, sellers or service providers to cease working with us. The result of such
actions may result in our expenses increasing, a decrease in our ability to purchase feedstock, or our ability to sell or transport our resulting products, which could
cause our revenues to decrease and/or expenses to increase, which could cause a material adverse effect on our results of operations.

Our commercial success will depend in part on our ability to obtain and maintain protection of our intellectual property.

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Our success will depend in part on our ability to maintain or obtain and enforce patent rights and other intellectual property protection for our technologies,
to preserve our trade secrets, and to operate without infringing upon the proprietary rights of third parties. We currently have five registered patents in the United
States (none, internationally). If we file additional patent applications for our technologies in the future, such patents may not be granted and the scope of any
claims  granted  in  any  patent  may  not  provide  us  with  proprietary  protection  or  a  competitive  advantage.  Furthermore,  our  current  patents,  or  future  patents,  if
granted,  may  not  be  valid  and  may  not  afford  us  with  protection  against  competitors  with  similar  technology.  The  failure  to  obtain  or  maintain  patents  or  other
intellectual  property  protection  on  the  technologies  underlying  our  technologies  may  have  a  material  adverse  effect  on  our  competitive  position  and  business
prospects. It is also possible that our technologies may infringe on patents or other intellectual property rights owned by others. We may have to alter our products
or processes, pay licensing fees, defend an infringement action or challenge the validity of the patents in court, or cease activities altogether because of patent
rights  of  third  parties,  thereby  causing  additional  unexpected  costs  and  delays  to  it.  A  license  may  not  be  available  to  us,  if  at  all,  upon  terms  and  conditions
acceptable to us and we may not prevail in any intellectual property litigation. Intellectual property litigation is costly and time consuming, and we may not have
sufficient resources to pursue such litigation. If we do not obtain a license under such intellectual property rights, are found liable for infringement or are not able
to have such patents declared invalid, we may be liable for significant money damages and may encounter significant delays in bringing products to market.

Competition may impair our success.

New technologies may be developed by others that could compete with our refining and re-refining technologies. In addition, we face competition from
other producers of oil substitutes and related products. Such competition is expected to be intense and could significantly drive down the price for our products.
Competition  will  likely  increase  as  prices  of  energy  in  the  commodities  market,  including  refined  and  re-refined  oil,  rise.  Additionally,  new  companies  are
constantly  entering  the  market,  thus  increasing  the  competition  even  further.  These  companies  may  have  greater  success  in  the  recruitment  and  retention  of
qualified  employees,  as  well  as  in  conducting  their  own  refining  and  re-refining  operations,  and  may  have  greater  access  to  feedstock,  market  presence,
economies of scale, financial resources and engineering, technical and marketing capabilities, which may give them a competitive advantage. In addition, actual
or  potential  competitors  may  be  strengthened  through  the  acquisition  of  additional  assets  and  interests.  If  we  are  unable  to  compete  effectively  or  adequately
respond to competitive pressures, this may materially adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition and could also have a negative impact on
our ability to obtain additional capital from investors.

Potential competition from our existing employees could negatively impact our profitability.

Although  Mr.  Cowart  and  certain  other  employees  of  ours  are  prohibited  from  competing  with  us  while  they  are  employed  with  us  and  for  six  months
thereafter, none of such individuals will be prohibited from competing with us after such six-month period ends. Accordingly, any of these individuals could be in a
position to use industry experience gained while working with us to compete with us. Such competition could increase our costs to obtain feedstock, and increase
our  costs  for  contracting  use  of  operating  assets  and  services  such  as  third-party  refining  capacity,  trucking  services  or  terminal  access.  Furthermore,  such
competition could distract or confuse customers, reduce the value of our intellectual property and trade secrets, or result in a reduction in the prices we are able
to obtain for our finished products. Any of the foregoing could reduce our future revenues, earnings or growth prospects.

Competition due to advances in renewable fuels may lessen the demand for our products and negatively impact our profitability.

Alternatives to petroleum-based products and production methods are continually under development. For example, a number of automotive, industrial
and power generation manufacturers are developing alternative clean power systems using fuel cells or clean-burning gaseous fuels that may address increasing
worldwide energy costs, the long-term availability of petroleum reserves and environmental concerns, which if successful could lower the demand for our services.
If  these  non-petroleum  based  products  and  oil  alternatives  continue  to  expand  and  gain  broad  acceptance  such  that  the  overall  demand  for  our  products  is
reduced, we may not be able to compete effectively in the marketplace.

We will rely on new technology to conduct our business, including TCEP and our technology could become ineffective or obsolete.

We  will  be  required  to  continually  enhance  and  update  our  technology  to  maintain  our  efficiency  and  to  avoid  obsolescence.  Currently  TCEP  is  not

producing product because the total revenues and gross profit margins are below the Company's expectations.

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Additionally, the costs moving forward of enhancing and updating and/or replicating our technology or creating new technology may be substantial and
may  be  higher  than  the  costs  that  we  anticipated  for  technology  maintenance  and  development.  If  we  are  unable  to  maintain  the  efficiency  of  our  technology,
replicate  our  technology,  or  create  new  technologies  our  ability  to  manage  our  business  and  to  compete  may  be  impaired.  Even  if  we  are  able  to  maintain
technical effectiveness, our technology may not be the most efficient means of reaching our objectives, in which case we may incur higher operating costs than
we would if our technology was more effective. The impact of these potential future technical shortcomings, including but not limited to the failure of TCEP, and/or
the  costs  associated  with  enhancing  or  replicating  TCEP  could  have  a  material  adverse  effect  on  our  prospects,  business,  financial  condition,  and  results  of
operations.

Our operations would be negatively affected if we are unable to use our facilities in the future.

If we were not able to use any one or more of our facilities moving forward, our ability to generate revenue and compete in the marketplace would be
negatively  affected. If  we  are  unable  to  use  our  facilities  for  any  reason,  we  will  not  be  able  to  effectively  generate  revenue  or  compete  with  additional
technologies brought to market by our competitors, the volume of our finished products, would decline and our finished products could be worth less and if our
competitors are willing to pay more for feedstock than we are, they could drive up prices, which would cause our revenues to decrease, and cause our cost of
sales to increase, respectively. Additionally, if we are forced to pay more for feedstock, our cash flows will be negatively impacted and our margins will decrease.

Our business is subject to local, legal, political, and economic factors which are beyond our control.

We  believe  that  the  current  political  environment  for  refining  and  re-refining  facilities  is  sufficiently  supportive  to  enable  us  to  continue  to  operate  our
facilities and in the future plan and implement the construction of additional facilities; however, there are risks that conditions will change in an adverse manner.
These  risks  include,  but  are  not  limited  to,  environmental  issues,  land  use,  air  emissions,  water  use,  zoning,  workplace  safety,  restrictions  imposed  on  the  re-
refining industry such as restrictions on production, substantial changes in product quality standards, restrictions on feedstock supply, price controls and export
controls. Any changes in financial incentives, investment regulations, policies or a shift in political attitudes are beyond our control and may adversely affect our
business, plans for future facilities, and future financial results.

Additionally, the U.S. Departments of Transportation, Coast Guard and Homeland Security and various federal, state, local and foreign agencies exercise
broad powers over our transportation operations, generally governing such activities as authorization to engage in motor carrier operations, safety and permits to
conduct  transportation  business.  We  may  also  become  subject  to  new  or  more  restrictive  regulations  that  the  Departments  of  Transportation  and  Homeland
Security, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, the Environmental Protection Agency or other authorities impose, including regulations relating to
engine  exhaust  emissions,  the  hours  of  service  that  our  drivers  may  provide  in  any  one-time  period,  security  and  other  matters.  Compliance  with  these
regulations could increase our costs and adversely affect our results of operations.

Our business may be harmed by anti-terrorism measures.

In  the  aftermath  of  the  terrorist  attacks  on  the  United  States  and  increased  concerns  regarding  future  terrorist  attacks,  federal,  state  and  municipal
authorities implemented and are implementing various security measures, including checkpoints and travel restrictions on large trucks. Although many companies
are adversely affected by slowdowns in the availability of freight transportation, the negative impact could affect our business disproportionately. For example, if
the security measures disrupt or impede the timing of our deliveries of feedstock, we may not have sufficient feedstock to run our re-refining processes at full
capacity, or may incur increased expenses to do so. These measures may significantly increase our costs and reduce our operating margins and income.

Our business is geographically concentrated and is therefore subject to regional economic downturns.

Our operations and customers are concentrated principally in the Gulf Coast, upper Midwest, and Mid-Atlantic. Therefore, our business, financial condition
and results of operations are susceptible to regional economic downturns and other regional factors, including state regulations and budget constraints and severe
weather  conditions.  In  addition,  as  we  seek  to  expand  in  our  existing  markets,  opportunities  for  growth  within  this  region  may  become  more  limited  and  the
geographic concentration of our business may increase.

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If we cannot maintain adequate insurance coverage, we will be unable to continue certain operations.

Our  business  exposes  us  to  various  risks,  including  claims  for  causing  damage  to  property  and  injuries  to  persons  that  may  involve  allegations  of
negligence or professional errors or omissions in the performance of our services. Such claims could be substantial. We believe that our insurance coverage is
presently  adequate  and  similar  to,  or  greater  than,  the  coverage  maintained  by  other  similarly  situated  companies  in  the  industry.  If  we  are  unable  to  obtain
adequate or required insurance coverage in the future, or if such insurance is not available at affordable rates, we could be in violation of our permit conditions
and other requirements of the environmental laws, rules and regulations under which we operate. Such violations could render us unable to continue certain of
our operations. These events could result in an inability to operate certain assets and significantly impair our financial condition.

Our insurance policies do not cover all losses, costs or liabilities that we may experience.

We maintain insurance coverage, but these policies do not cover all of our potential losses, costs or liabilities. We could suffer losses for uninsurable or
uninsured  risks,  or  in  amounts  in  excess  of  our  existing  insurance  coverage,  which  would  significantly  affect  our  financial  performance.  Our  insurance  policies
also have deductibles and self-retention limits that could expose us to significant financial expense. Our ability to obtain and maintain adequate insurance may be
affected by conditions in the insurance market over which we have no control. The occurrence of an event that is not fully covered by insurance could have a
material  adverse  effect  on  our  business,  financial  condition  and  results  of  operations.  In  addition,  our  business  requires  that  we  maintain  various  types  of
insurance. If such insurance is not available or not available on economically acceptable terms, our business would be materially and adversely affected.

Claims above our insurance limits, or significant increases in our insurance premiums, may reduce our profitability.

We  currently  employ  57  full-time  drivers.  From  time  to  time,  some  of  these  employee  drivers  are  involved  in  automobile  accidents.  We  currently  carry
liability insurance of $1,000,000 for our drivers, subject to applicable deductibles, and carry umbrella coverage up to $25,000,000. We currently employ over 200
employees.  Claims  against  us  may  exceed  the  amounts  of  available  insurance  coverage.  If  we  were  to  experience  a  material  increase  in  the  frequency  or
severity of accidents, liability claims or workers’ compensation claims or unfavorable resolutions of claims, our operating results could be materially affected.

Litigation related to personal injury from the operation of our business may result in significant liabilities and limit our profitability.

The hazards and risks associated with the transport, storage, and handling, treatment and disposal of used oil and other hydrocarbon products (such as
fires,  spills,  explosions  and  accidents)  may  expose  us  to  personal  injury  claims,  property  damage  claims  and/or  products  liability  claims  from  our  employees,
customers or third parties. As protection against such claims and operating hazards, we maintain insurance coverage against some, but not all, potential losses.
However, we may sustain losses for uninsurable or uninsured risks, or in amounts in excess of existing insurance coverage. Due to the unpredictable nature of
personal injury litigation, it is not possible to predict the ultimate outcome of any future claims or lawsuits, and we may be held liable for significant personal injury
or damage to property or third parties, or other losses, that are not fully covered by our insurance, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial
condition, results of operations and cash flows.

The litigation environment in which we operate poses a significant risk to our businesses.

We may be involved from time to time in the ordinary course of business in lawsuits involving employment, commercial, and environmental issues, other
claims for injuries and damages, and shareholder and class action litigation, among other matters. We may experience negative outcomes in such lawsuits in the
future.  Any  such  negative  outcomes  could  have  a  material  adverse  effect  on  our  business,  liquidity,  financial  condition  and  results  of  operations.  We  evaluate
litigation claims and legal proceedings to assess the likelihood of unfavorable outcomes and to estimate, if possible, the amount of potential losses. Based on
these assessments and estimates, we establish reserves and disclose the relevant litigation claims or legal proceedings, as appropriate. These assessments and
estimates are based on the information available to management at the time and involve a significant amount of judgment. Actual outcomes or losses may differ
materially from such assessments and estimates. The settlement or resolution of such claims or proceedings may have a material adverse effect on our results of
operations. In addition, judges and juries in certain jurisdictions in which we conduct business have demonstrated a willingness to grant large verdicts, including
punitive damages, to plaintiffs in personal injury, property damage and other tort cases. We use appropriate means to contest litigation threatened or filed against
us, but the litigation environment in these areas poses a significant business risk to us and could cause a significant diversion of management resources and
could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

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We operate our business through many locations, and if we are unable to effectively oversee all of these locations, our business reputation

and operating results could be materially adversely affected.

Because we operate through various different facilities located throughout the United States, we are subject to risks related to our ability to oversee these

locations. If in the future we are unable to effectively oversee our locations, our results of operations could be materially adversely affected, we could fail to
comply with environmental regulations, we could lose customers, we could lose control of inventory and other assets, and our business could be materially
adversely affected.

Increases in energy costs will affect our operating results and financial condition.

Our production costs will be dependent on the costs of the energy sources used to run our facilities and to procure feedstock. These costs are subject to
fluctuations and variations, and we may not be able to predict or control these costs. If these costs exceed our expectations, this may adversely affect our results
of operations.

Fluctuations in fuel costs could impact our operating expenses and results.

We operate a fleet of transportation, collection and aggregation trucks to collect and transport used oil and re-refined oil products, among other things.
The price and supply of fuel is unpredictable and fluctuates based on events beyond our control, including, among others, geopolitical developments, supply and
demand  for  oil  and  gas,  actions  by  the  Organization  of  the  Petroleum  Exporting  Countries  and  other  oil  and  gas  producers,  war  and  unrest  in  oil  producing
countries and regional production patterns. We have experienced increases in the cost of fuel over the past several years. Although in the past, we have been
able  to  pass-through  some  of  these  costs  to  our  customers,  we  may  not  be  able  to  continue  to  do  so  in  the  future.  A  significant  increase  in  our  fuel  or  other
transportation costs could lower our operating margins and negatively impact our profitability.

Our  hedging  activities  may  prevent  us  from  benefiting  fully  from  increases  in  oil  prices  and  may  expose  us  to  other  risks,  including

counterparty risk.

We use derivative instruments to hedge the impact of fluctuations in oil prices on our results of operations and cash flows. To the extent that we engage in
hedging activities to protect ourselves against commodity price declines, we may be prevented from fully realizing the benefits of increases in oil prices above the
prices  established  by  our  hedging  contracts.  In  addition,  our  hedging  activities  may  expose  us  to  the  risk  of  financial  loss  in  certain  circumstances,  including
instances in which the counterparties to our hedging contracts fail to perform under the contracts. Finally, we are subject to risks associated with the adoption of
derivatives legislation and regulations (including under the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act) related to derivative contracts which if
adopted, could have an adverse impact on our ability to hedge risks associated with our business. If regulations adopted in the future require that we post margin
for our hedging activities or require our counterparties to hold margin or maintain capital levels, the cost of which could be passed through to us, or impose other
requirements that are more burdensome than current regulations, hedging transactions in the future would become more expensive than we experienced in the
past.

Competitors that produce their own supply of feedstocks, have more extensive retail outlets, or have greater financial resources may have a

competitive advantage.

The refining and re-refining industries are highly competitive with respect to both feedstock supply and refined/re-refined product markets. We compete
with many companies for available supplies of feedstocks and for outlets for our products. We do not produce any of our feedstocks. Some of our competitors,
however, obtain a portion of their feedstocks from their own production and some have more extensive retail outlets than we have. Competitors that have their
own production or extensive retail outlets (and greater brand-name recognition) are at times able to offset losses from their operations with profits from producing
or retailing operations, and may be better positioned to withstand periods of depressed margins or feedstock shortages.

Some of our competitors also have materially greater financial and other resources than we have. Such competitors have a greater ability to bear the
economic risks inherent in all phases of our business. In addition, we compete with other industries that provide alternative means to satisfy the energy and fuel
requirements of our industrial, commercial and individual customers.

Risks Relating to Accounting and Internal Controls

We incur significant costs as a result of operating as a fully reporting company in connection with Section 404 of the Sarbanes Oxley Act, and

our management is required to devote substantial time to compliance initiatives.

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We incur significant legal, accounting and other expenses in connection with our status as a fully reporting public company. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of
2002 (the “Sarbanes-Oxley Act”) and rules subsequently implemented by the SEC have imposed various requirements on public companies, including requiring
changes  in  corporate  governance  practices.  As  such,  our  management  and  other  personnel  are  required  to  devote  a  substantial  amount  of  time  to  these
compliance initiatives. Moreover, these rules and regulations increase our legal and financial compliance costs and make some activities more time consuming
and costly. In addition, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act requires, among other things, that we maintain effective internal controls for financial reporting and disclosure of
controls and procedures. Our testing may, and has in the past, revealed deficiencies in our internal controls over financial reporting that are deemed to be material
weaknesses.  Our  compliance  with  Section  404  will  require  that  we  incur  substantial  accounting  expense  and  expend  significant  management  efforts.  We  may
need  to  hire  additional  accounting  and  financial  staff  with  appropriate  public  company  experience  and  technical  accounting  knowledge  to  comply  with  such
compliance requirements. Moreover, if we are not able to comply with the requirements of Section 404 in a timely manner, or if we identify deficiencies in our
internal  controls  over  financial  reporting  that  are  deemed  to  be  material  weaknesses,  the  market  price  of  our  stock  could  decline,  and  we  could  be  subject  to
sanctions or investigations by the SEC or other regulatory authorities, which would require additional financial and management resources.

Our ability to use our net operating loss carry-forwards may be subject to limitation.

Under Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, substantial changes in our ownership may limit the amount of net operating loss
carry-forwards that could be utilized annually in the future to offset our taxable income. Specifically, this limitation may arise in the event of a cumulative change in
ownership of our company of more than 50% within a three-year period. Any such annual limitation may significantly reduce the utilization of our net operating
loss carry-forwards before they expire. At December 31, 2017, the net operating loss carry-forwards reflect a reduction of approximately $32.5 million resulting
from a 382 study which was completed during 2016. Transactions that may occur in the future may trigger an ownership change pursuant to Section 382, and
prior transactions may be deemed to have triggered an ownership change pursuant to Section 382, the result of which could limit the amount of net operating
loss  carryforwards  that  we  can  utilize  annually  to  offset  our  taxable  income,  if  any.  Any  such  limitation  could  have  a  material  adverse  effect  on  our  results  of
operations.

Our inventory is subject to significant impairment charges in the event the prices of oil and gas fall sharply after such inventory is acquired.

We did not have an inventory impairment charge for the periods ended December 31, 2017 and 2016. In the event, commodity prices fall sharply during
any period requiring the Company to take a non-cash charge/adjustment to the value of our products in inventory taking into account the lower market value for
the products being held for sale. Similar significant impairment charges could negatively affect our balance sheet, result in us not meeting certain debt ratios set
forth in our credit and loan agreements, and negatively affect our cash flows. Future significant impairment charges and/or significant decreases in oil prices could
have a material adverse effect on our balance sheet, debt covenants (including creating an event of default) and could further cause the value of our securities to
decline in value.

Risks Relating to Acquisitions

Our  strategy  includes  pursuing  acquisitions,  partnerships  and  joint  ventures  and  our  potential  inability  to  successfully  integrate  newly-

acquired companies or businesses, or successfully manage our partnerships and joint ventures may adversely affect our financial results.

In the future, we may seek to grow our business by investing in new or existing facilities or technologies, making acquisitions (similar to the acquisitions
of  Omega  and  Heartland)  or  entering  into  partnerships  and  joint  ventures.  Acquisitions,  partnerships,  joint  ventures  or  investments  may  require  significant
managerial attention, which may divert management from our other activities and may impair the operation of our existing businesses. Any future acquisitions of
businesses or facilities could entail a number of additional risks, including:

•

•

•

•

the failure to successfully integrate the acquired businesses or facilities or new technology into our operations;

incurring significantly higher than anticipated capital expenditures and operating expenses;

disrupting our ongoing business;

dissipating our management resources;

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•

•

•

•

•

failing to maintain uniform standards, controls and policies;

the inability to maintain key pre-acquisition business relationships;

loss of key personnel of the acquired business or facility;

exposure to unanticipated liabilities; and

the failure to realize efficiencies, synergies and cost savings.

We  may  also  assume  liabilities  and  environmental  liabilities  as  part  of  acquisitions  (including  the  Omega  acquisition).  Although  we  will  endeavor  to
accurately estimate and limit liabilities and environmental liabilities presented by the businesses or facilities to be acquired, some liabilities, including ones that
may exist only because of the past operations of an acquired business or facility, may prove to be more difficult or costly to address than we then estimate. It is
also  possible  that  government  officials  responsible  for  enforcing  environmental  laws  may  believe  an  environmental  liability  is  more  significant  than  we  then
estimate, or that we will fail to identify or fully appreciate an existing liability before we become legally responsible to address it. We may have no recourse, or
only limited recourse, to the former owners of such properties in the event such liabilities are present. As a result, if a liability were asserted against us based
upon ownership of an acquired property, we might be required to pay significant sums to settle it, which could adversely affect our financial results and cash flow.

The  consolidation  of  our  operations  with  the  operations  of  acquired  companies,  including  the  consolidation  of  systems,  procedures,  personnel  and
facilities,  the  relocation  of  staff,  and  the  achievement  of  anticipated  cost  savings,  economies  of  scale  and  other  business  efficiencies,  presents  significant
challenges to our management, particularly if several acquisitions occur at the same time. Fully integrating an acquired company or business into our operations
may take a significant amount of time. We may not be successful in overcoming these risks or any other problems encountered with acquisitions. To the extent
we do not successfully avoid or overcome the risks or problems related to any acquisitions, our results of operations and financial condition could be adversely
affected. Future acquisitions also could impact our financial position and capital needs, and could cause substantial fluctuations in our quarterly and yearly results
of operations. Acquisitions could include significant goodwill and intangible assets, which may result in future impairment charges that would reduce our stated
earnings or increase our stated losses.

We may not successfully identify and complete acquisitions on favorable terms or achieve anticipated synergies relating to any acquisitions,

and such acquisitions could result in unforeseen operating difficulties and expenditures and require significant management resources.

We regularly review potential acquisitions of complementary businesses, services or products. However, we may be unable to identify suitable acquisition
candidates in the future. Even if we identify appropriate acquisition candidates, we may be unable to complete or finance such acquisitions on favorable terms, if
at all. In addition, the process of integrating an acquired business, service or product into our existing business and operations may result in unforeseen operating
difficulties  and  expenditures.  Integration  of  an  acquired  company  also  may  require  significant  management  resources  that  otherwise  would  be  available  for
ongoing development of our business. Moreover, we may not realize the anticipated benefits of any acquisition or strategic alliance and such transactions may
not  generate  anticipated  financial  results.  Future  acquisitions  could  also  require  us  to  incur  debt,  assume  contingent  liabilities  or  amortize  expenses  related  to
intangible assets, any of which could harm our business.

Our ability to make acquisitions may be adversely impacted by our outstanding indebtedness and by the price of our stock.

Our ability to make future business acquisitions, particularly those that would be financed solely or in part through cash from operations, may be curtailed
due to our obligations to make payments of principal and interest on our outstanding indebtedness. We may not have sufficient capital resources, now or in the
future, and may be unable to raise sufficient additional capital resources on terms satisfactory to us, if at all, in order to meet our capital requirements for such
acquisitions.  In  addition,  the  terms  of  our  indebtedness  include  covenants  that  directly  restrict,  or  have  the  effect  of  restricting,  our  ability  to  make  certain
acquisitions while this indebtedness remains outstanding. To the extent that the amount of our outstanding indebtedness has a negative impact on our stock price,
using our common stock as consideration will be less attractive for potential acquisition candidates. The future trading price of our common stock could limit our
willingness to use our equity as consideration and the willingness of sellers to accept our shares and as a result could limit the size and scope of our acquisition
program. If we are unable to pursue strategic acquisitions that would enhance our business or operations, the potential growth of our business and revenues may
be adversely affected.

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Legal, Environmental, Governmental and Regulatory Risks

Currently  pending  or  future  litigation  or  governmental  proceedings  could  result  in  material  adverse  consequences,  including  judgments  or

settlements.

From time to time, we are involved in lawsuits, regulatory inquiries and may be involved in governmental and other legal proceedings arising out of the
ordinary course of our business. Many of these matters raise difficult and complicated factual and legal issues and are subject to uncertainties and complexities.
The timing of the final resolutions to these types of matters is often uncertain. Additionally, the possible outcomes or resolutions to these matters could include
adverse judgments or settlements, either of which could require substantial payments, adversely affecting our results of operations and liquidity.

Climate change may adversely affect our facilities and our ongoing operations.

The potential physical effects of climate change on our operations are highly uncertain and depend upon the unique geographic and environmental factors
present. Examples of such effects include rising sea levels at our coastal facilities, changing storm patterns and intensities, and changing temperature levels. As
many  of  our  facilities  are  located  near  coastal  areas,  rising  sea  levels  may  disrupt  our  ability  to  operate  those  facilities  or  transport  feedstock  and  products.
Extended  periods  of  such  disruption  could  have  an  adverse  effect  on  our  results  of  operation.  We  could  also  incur  substantial  costs  to  protect  or  repair  these
facilities.

We are subject to numerous environmental and other laws and regulations and, to the extent we are found to be in violation of any such laws

and regulations, our business could be materially and adversely affected.

We  are  subject  to  extensive  federal,  state,  provincial  and  local  laws  and  regulations  relating  to  the  protection  of  the  environment  which,  among  other

things:

•

•

•

•

regulate the collection, transportation, handling, processing and disposal of hazardous and non-hazardous wastes;

impose liability on persons involved in generating, handling, processing, transporting or disposing hazardous materials;

impose joint and several liability for remediation and clean-up of environmental contamination; and

require financial assurance that funds will be available for the closure and post-closure care of sites where hazardous wastes are stored, processed or
disposed.

The breadth and complexity of all of these laws and regulations impacting us make consistent compliance extremely difficult and often result in increased
operating  and  compliance  costs,  including  requiring  the  implementation  of  new  programs  to  promote  compliance.  Even  with  these  programs,  we  and  other
companies in the industry are routinely faced with legal and administrative proceedings which can result in civil and criminal penalties, interruption of business
operations, fines or other sanctions and require expenditures.

Our operations involve the risks of fuel spillage or seepage, environmental damage and hazardous waste disposal, among others. If we are involved in a
spill or other accident involving hazardous substances, or if we are found to be in violation of applicable environmental laws or regulations, it could significantly
increase our cost of doing business.

Additionally, under current law, we may be held liable for damage caused by conditions that existed before we acquired our assets and/or before we took
control of our leased properties or if we arranged for the transportation, disposal or treatment of hazardous substances that cause environmental contamination.
In the future, we may be subject to monetary fines, civil or criminal penalties, remediation, clean-up or stop orders, injunctions, orders to cease or suspend certain
practices or denial of permits required to operate our facilities and conduct our operations. The outcome of any proceeding and associated costs and expenses
could have a material adverse impact on our operations and financial condition.

Our trucking operations are subject to a number of federal, state and local rules and regulations generally governing such activities as authorization to
engage in motor carrier operations, safety compliance and reporting, contract compliance, insurance requirements, taxation and financial reporting. We could be
subject  to  new  or  more  restrictive  regulations,  such  as  regulations  relating  to  engine  emissions,  drivers’  hours  of  service,  occupational  safety  and  health,
ergonomics or cargo security. Compliance

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with such regulations could substantially reduce equipment productivity, and the costs of compliance could increase our operating expenses.

Environmental laws also govern the presence, maintenance and removal of asbestos-containing building materials, or ACBM, and may impose fines and
penalties  for  failure  to  comply  with  these  requirements.  Such  laws  require  that  owners  or  operators  of  buildings  containing  ACBM  (and  employers  in  such
buildings)  properly  manage  and  maintain  the  asbestos,  adequately  notify  or  train  those  who  may  come  into  contact  with  asbestos,  and  undertake  special
precautions, including removal or other abatement, if asbestos would be disturbed during renovation or demolition of a building or plant. In addition, the presence
of ACBM in our properties or plants may expose us to third-party liability (e.g., liability for personal injury associated with exposure to asbestos).

Environmental laws and regulations are subject to change and may become increasingly stringent or relaxed. Interpretation or enforcement of existing
laws  and  regulations,  or  the  adoption  of  new  laws  and  regulations,  may  require  us  to  modify  or  curtail  our  operations  or  replace  or  upgrade  our  facilities  or
equipment at substantial costs which we may not be able to pass on to our customers. On the other hand, if new laws and regulations are less stringent, then our
customers  or  competitors  may  be  able  to  compete  with  us  more  effectively,  without  reliance  on  our  services,  which  could  decrease  the  need  for  our  services
and/or increase competition which could adversely affect our revenues and profitability, if any.

We are required to obtain and maintain permits, licenses and approvals to conduct our operations in compliance with such laws and regulations. If we are
unable to maintain our currently held permits, licenses and approvals, we may not be able to continue certain of our operations. If we are unable to obtain any
additional permits, licenses and approvals which may be required as we expand our operations, we may be forced to curtail or abandon our current and/or future
planned business operations.

Environmental risks and regulations may adversely affect our business.

All  phases  of  designing,  constructing  and  operating  our  refining  and  re-refining  plants  present  environmental  risks  and  hazards.  We  are  subject  to
environmental regulation implemented or imposed by a variety of federal, state and municipal laws and regulations as well as international conventions. Among
other things, environmental legislation provides for restrictions and prohibitions on spills and discharges, as well as emissions of various substances produced in
association with our operations. Legislation also requires that facility sites be operated, maintained, abandoned and reclaimed in such a way that would satisfy
applicable regulatory authorities. Compliance with such legislation can require significant expenditures and a breach could result in the imposition of fines and
penalties, some of which could be material. Environmental legislation is evolving in a manner we expect may result in stricter standards and enforcement, larger
fines and liability, as well as potentially increased capital expenditures and operating costs. The presence or discharge of pollutants in or into the air, soil or water
may give rise to liabilities to governments and third parties and may require us to incur costs to remedy such presence or discharge.

Environmental,  health  and  safety  laws,  regulations  and  permit  requirements,  and  the  potential  for  further  expanded  laws,  regulations  and  permit
requirements  may  increase  our  costs  or  reduce  demand  for  our  products  and  thereby  negatively  affect  our  business.  Environmental  permits  required  for  our
operations  are  subject  to  periodic  renewal  and  may  be  revoked  or  modified  for  cause  or  when  new  or  revised  environmental  requirements  are  implemented.
Changing  and  increasingly  strict  environmental  requirements  and  the  potential  for  further  expanded  regulation  may  increase  our  costs  and  can  affect  the
manufacturing, handling, processing, distribution and use of our products. If so affected, our business and operations may be materially and adversely affected. In
addition,  changes  in  these  requirements  may  cause  us  to  incur  substantial  costs  in  upgrading  or  redesigning  our  facilities  and  processes,  including  our  waste
treatment,  storage,  disposal  and  other  waste  handling  practices  and  equipment.  For  these  reasons,  we  may  need  to  make  capital  expenditures  beyond  those
currently  anticipated  to  comply  with  existing  or  future  environmental  or  safety  laws.  The  application  of  environmental,  health  and  safety  laws,  regulations  and
permit requirements to our business may cause us to limit our production, significantly increase the costs of our operations and activities, reduce the market for
our products or to otherwise adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations or prospects.

Climate change legislation or regulations restricting emissions of greenhouse gases could result in increased operating and capital costs and

reduced demand for our products.

There is a growing belief that emissions of greenhouse gases, or GHGs, such as carbon dioxide and methane, may be linked to climate change. Climate
change  and  the  costs  that  may  be  associated  with  its  impacts  and  the  regulation  of  GHGs  have  the  potential  to  affect  our  business  in  many  ways,  including
negatively impacting the costs of our operations, transportation costs, feedstock costs and demand for our products (due to changes in both costs and weather
patterns).

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In recent years, the U.S. Congress has from time to time considered adopting legislation to reduce emissions of GHGs and almost one-half of the states
have already taken legal measures to reduce emissions of GHGs primarily through the planned development of GHG emission inventories and/or regional GHG
cap and trade programs. Most of these cap and trade programs work by requiring major sources of emissions, such as electric power plants, or major producers
of  fuels,  such  as  refineries  and  gas  processing  plants,  to  acquire  and  surrender  emission  allowances.  The  number  of  allowances  available  for  purchase  is
generally reduced each year in an effort to achieve the overall GHG emission reduction goal.

Depending  on  the  scope  of  a  particular  program,  we  could  be  required  to  purchase  and  surrender  allowances  for  GHG  emissions  resulting  from  our
operations. Although most of the state-level initiatives have to date been focused on large sources of GHG emissions, such as electric power plants, it is possible
that  smaller  sources  such  as  our  operations  could  become  subject  to  GHG-related  regulation.  Depending  on  the  particular  program,  we  could  be  required  to
control  emissions  or  to  purchase  and  surrender  allowances  for  GHG  emissions  resulting  from  our  operations.  Independent  of  Congress,  the  Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA) has adopted regulations controlling GHG emissions under its existing Clean Air Act authority. For example, on December 15, 2009, the
EPA officially published its findings that emissions of carbon dioxide, methane and other GHGs present an endangerment to human health and the environment
because emissions of such gases are, according to the EPA, contributing to warming of the earth’s atmosphere and other climatic changes. These findings by the
EPA  allow  the  agency  to  proceed  with  the  adoption  and  implementation  of  regulations  that  would  restrict  emissions  of  greenhouse  gases  under  existing
provisions of the federal Clean Air Act. In 2009, the EPA adopted rules regarding regulation of GHG emissions from motor vehicles. In 2010, EPA also issued a
final rule, known as the “Tailoring Rule,” that makes certain large stationary sources and modification projects subject to permitting requirements for greenhouse
gas emissions under the Clean Air Act. In addition, on September 22, 2009, the EPA issued a final rule requiring the reporting of greenhouse gas emissions from
specified large greenhouse gas emission sources in the U.S. beginning in 2011 for emissions occurring in 2010. None of our facilities currently generate enough
greenhouse gasses to be subject to this reporting requirement under this rule, but we could become subject to such reporting requirements in the future.

Although it is not possible at this time to accurately estimate how potential future laws or regulations addressing greenhouse gas emissions would impact
our  business,  any  future  federal  laws  or  implementation  of  regulations  that  may  be  adopted  to  address  greenhouse  gas  emissions  could  require  us  to  incur
increased operating costs and could adversely affect demand for our feedstocks and resulting products, and/or increase our transportation costs. The potential
increase in the costs of our operations resulting from any legislation or regulation to restrict emissions of greenhouse gases could include new or increased costs
to operate and maintain our facilities, install new emission controls on our facilities, acquire allowances to authorize our greenhouse gas emissions, pay any taxes
related to our greenhouse gas emissions and administer and manage a greenhouse gas emissions program. While we may be able to include some or all of such
increased  costs  in  the  rates  charged  for  our  products,  such  recovery  of  costs  is  uncertain.  Moreover,  incentives  to  conserve  energy  or  use  alternative  energy
sources could reduce demand for our products and/or lower the supply of our feedstocks. We cannot predict with any certainty at this time how these possibilities
may affect our operations. Many scientists have concluded that increasing concentrations of GHGs in the Earth’s atmosphere may produce climate change that
could have significant physical effects, such as increased frequency and severity of storms, droughts, and floods and other climatic events; if such effects were to
occur, they could have an adverse effect on our operations.

The adoption of regulations implementing recent financial reform legislation could impede our ability to manage business and financial risks

by restricting our use of derivative instruments as hedges against fluctuating commodity prices.

The  U.S.  Congress  adopted  the  Dodd-Frank  Wall  Street  Reform  and  Consumer  Protection  Act  in  2010  (the  “ Dodd-Frank  Act”).  This  comprehensive
financial reform legislation establishes federal oversight and regulation of the over-the-counter derivatives market and entities that participate in that market. The
Dodd-Frank Act requires the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (“CFTC”), the SEC and other regulators to promulgate rules and regulations implementing
the new legislation. The CFTC has adopted regulations to set position limits for certain futures and option contracts in the major energy markets and for swaps
that are their economic equivalents. Certain bona fide hedging transactions or derivative instruments would be exempt from these position limits. The Dodd-Frank
Act  may  also  require  compliance  with  margin  requirements  and  with  certain  clearing  and  trade-execution  requirements  in  connection  with  certain  derivative
activities. The final rules will be phased in over time according to a specified schedule which is dependent on finalization of certain other rules to be promulgated
by the CFTC and the SEC.

The  Dodd-Frank  Act  and  any  new  regulations  could  significantly  increase  the  cost  of  some  commodity  derivative  contracts  (including  through
requirements to post collateral), materially alter the terms of some commodity derivative contracts and reduce the availability of some derivatives to protect against
risks we encounter. While we are not currently party to any commodity derivative contracts, we may enter into such contracts in the future and the Dodd-Frank
Act and any new regulations may have the effect of making our results of operations more volatile and our cash flows may be less predictable, if we are unable to
enter into commodity derivative contracts or similar hedging transactions in the future. Finally, the Dodd- Frank Act was intended, in

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part, to reduce the volatility of oil and natural gas prices, which some legislators attributed to speculative trading in derivatives and commodity instruments related
to oil and natural gas. If the Dodd-Frank Act and any new regulations result in lower commodity prices, our revenues could be adversely affected. Any of these
consequences could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We could be subject to involuntary shutdowns or be required to pay significant monetary damages or remediation costs if we are found to be

a responsible party for the improper handling or the release of hazardous substances.

As a company engaged in the sale, handling, transportation, storage, recycling and disposal of materials that are or may be classified as hazardous by
federal,  state,  provincial  or  other  regulatory  agencies,  we  face  risks  of  liability  for  environmental  contamination.  The  federal  Comprehensive  Environmental
Response, Compensation and Liability Act of 1980, as amended, or “CERCLA” or Superfund, and similar state laws impose strict liability for clean-up costs on
current or former owners and operators of facilities that release hazardous substances into the environment, as well as on the businesses that generate those
substances or transport them. As a potentially responsible party, or “PRP,” we may be liable under CERCLA for substantial investigation and cleanup costs even
if we operate our business properly and comply with applicable federal and state laws and regulations. Liability under CERCLA may be joint and several, which
means that if we were found to be a business with responsibility for a particular CERCLA site, we could be required to pay the entire cost of the investigation and
cleanup, even though we were not the party responsible for the release of the hazardous substance and even though other companies might also be liable. Even
if we are able to identify who the other responsible parties might be, we may not be able to compel them to contribute to the remediation costs, or they might be
insolvent or unable to contribute due to lack of financial resources.

Our facilities and the facilities of our clients and third-party contractors may have generated, used, handled and/or disposed of hazardous substances and
other  regulated  wastes.  Environmental  liabilities  could  exist,  including  cleanup  obligations  at  these  facilities  or  at  off-site  locations,  which  could  result  in  future
expenditures that cannot be currently quantified and which could materially reduce our profits. In addition, new services or products offered by us could expose us
to further environmental liabilities for which we have no historical experience and cannot estimate our potential exposure to liabilities.

Our operations are subject to numerous statutory and regulatory requirements, which may increase in the future.

Our operations are subject to numerous statutory and regulatory requirements, and our ability to continue to hold licenses and permits required for our
businesses is subject to maintaining satisfactory compliance with such requirements. These requirements may increase in the future as a result of statutory and
regulatory changes. Although we are very committed to compliance and safety, we may not, either now or in the future, be in full compliance at all times with
such  statutory  and  regulatory  requirements.  Consequently,  we  could  be  required  to  incur  significant  costs  to  maintain  or  improve  our  compliance  with  such
requirements.

We  may  also  assume  additional  environmental  liabilities  as  part  of  further  acquisitions.  Although  we  will  endeavor  to  accurately  estimate  and  limit
environmental liabilities presented by the businesses or facilities to be acquired, some liabilities, including ones that may exist only because of the past operations
of  an  acquired  business  or  facility,  may  prove  to  be  more  difficult  or  costly  to  address  than  we  then  estimate.  It  is  also  possible  that  government  officials
responsible for enforcing environmental laws may believe an environmental liability is more significant than we then estimate, or that we will fail to identify or fully
appreciate an existing liability before we become legally responsible to address it.

We may be subject in the normal course of business to judicial, administrative or other third-party proceedings that could interrupt or limit our

operations, require expensive remediation, result in adverse judgments, settlements or fines and create negative publicity.

Governmental  agencies  may,  among  other  things,  impose  fines  or  penalties  on  us  relating  to  the  conduct  of  our  business,  attempt  to  revoke  or  deny
renewal  of  our  operating  permits,  franchises  or  licenses  for  violations  or  alleged  violations  of  environmental  laws  or  regulations  or  as  a  result  of  third-party
challenges, require us to install additional pollution control equipment or require us to remediate potential environmental problems relating to any real property that
we or our predecessors ever owned, leased or operated or any waste that we or our predecessors ever collected, transported, disposed of or stored. Individuals,
citizens groups, trade associations or environmental activists may also bring actions against us in connection with our operations that could interrupt or limit the
scope  of  our  business.  Any  adverse  outcome  in  such  proceedings  could  harm  our  operations  and  financial  results  and  create  negative  publicity,  which  could
damage our reputation, competitive position and stock price. We may also be required to take corrective actions, including, but not limited to, installing additional
equipment,  which  could  require  us  to  make  substantial  capital  expenditures.  We  could  also  be  required  to  indemnify  our  employees  in  connection  with  any
expenses or liabilities

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that  they  may  incur  individually  in  connection  with  regulatory  action  against  us.  These  could  result  in  a  material  adverse  effect  on  our  prospects,  business,
financial condition and our results of operations.

The  adoption  of  climate  change  legislation  or  regulation  could  result  in  increased  operating  costs  and  reduced  demand  for  the  refined

products we produce.

The  U.S.  government,  including  the  EPA,  as  well  as  several  state  and  international  governments,  have  either  considered  or  adopted  legislation  or
regulations in an effort to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. These proposed or promulgated laws apply or could apply in states where we have interests
or may have interests in the future. In addition, various groups suggest that additional laws may be needed in an effort to address climate change, as illustrated by
the Paris Agreement negotiated at the 2015 United Nations Conference on Climate Change, referred to as COP 21, which entered into force on November 4,
2016. We cannot predict the extent to which any such legislation or regulation will be enacted and, if so, what its provisions would be. To the extent we incur
additional costs required to comply with the adoption of new laws and regulations that are not ultimately reflected in the prices of our products and services, our
business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows in future periods could be materially adversely affected. In addition, demand for the products we
produce could be adversely affected.

Risks Related to Our Recovery Division

Our  Recovery  division  participates  from  time  to  time  in  one-time  projects,  which  could  create  fluctuations  in  revenue  and  gross  profit  from

quarter to quarter.

Our Recovery division periodically participates in one-time, non-ongoing projects and therefore we expect to see fluctuations in revenue and gross profit
from  this  division  from  quarter  to  quarter  and  period  to  period.  Consequently,  the  results  of  operations,  net  income  (loss),  revenue  and  gross  profit  for  our
Recovery  division  for  any  quarter  or  period  may  not  be  indicative  of  the  results  of  operations,  net  income  (loss),  revenue  and  gross  profit  for  any  subsequent
quarter or period.

Recovery division customers may cancel or delay projects.

Recovery division customers may cancel or delay projects for reasons beyond our control. If projects are delayed, the timing of our revenues could be
affected. Revenue recognition occurs over long periods of time and is subject to unanticipated delays. If we receive relatively large orders in any given quarter,
fluctuations  in  the  levels  of  our  quarterly  backlog  can  result  because  the  backlog  in  that  quarter  may  reach  levels  that  may  not  be  sustained  in  subsequent
quarters. As a result, our backlog may not be indicative of our future revenues.

The  dismantling,  demolition,  decommission  and  marine  salvage  operations  of  our  Recovery  division  subjects  us  to  operational  and  safety

risks.

Our Recovery division provides dismantling, demolition, decommission and marine salvage services at industrial facilities throughout the Gulf Coast. The
division  also  owns  and  operates  a  fleet  of  trucks  and  other  vehicles  used  for  shipping  and  handling  equipment  and  scrap  materials.  Such  operations  could
potentially result in releases of hazardous materials, injury or death of our employees or third parties, environmental contamination claims, and claims for damage
to  property  both  from  third  parties  and  our  customers  and  clients.  These  risks  expose  us  to  potential  liability  for  pollution  and  other  environmental  damages,
personal injury, loss of life, business interruption, and property damage or destruction. While we seek to minimize and obtain insurance to limit our exposure to
such  risks,  such  actions  and  insurance  may  not  be  adequate  to  cover  all  of  our  potential  liabilities  and  such  insurance  may  not  in  the  future  be  available  at
commercially reasonable rates. If we were to incur substantial liabilities in excess of policy limits or at a time when we were not able to obtain adequate liability
insurance  on  commercially  reasonable  terms,  our  business,  results  of  operations  and  financial  condition  could  be  adversely  affected  to  a  material  extent.
Furthermore, should our safety record deteriorate, we could be subject to a potential reduction of revenues from our Recovery division.

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Risks Related to Our Common Carrier Operations

We face competition from other common carriers and transportation providers.

Crossroad is a common carrier that provides transportation and logistical services for liquid petroleum products, as well as other hazardous materials and
waste streams. We face competition from trucking companies, railroads, motor carriers and, to a lesser extent, ships and barges. In addition to price competition,
we face competition with respect to transit times and quality and reliability of service. Any future improvements or expenditures materially increasing the quality or
reducing the cost of alternative modes of transportation, and/or increased competition from competitors, including competitors with more resources than us, could
have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition, and liquidity. Additionally, any future consolidation of the trucking industry could
materially affect the competitive environment in which we operate.

Risks Related to Our Prior Offering Terms

We face significant penalties and damages in the event registration statements we filed to register certain securities sold in our prior offerings

are subsequently suspended or terminated.

We previously agreed to register the shares of common stock issuable upon conversion of the Series B Preferred Stock, Series B1 Preferred Stock and
upon  exercise  of  the  warrants  sold  in  connection  therewith  under  the  Securities  Act,  for  resale.  The  agreements  pursuant  to  which  we  sold  such  securities,
provide for liquidated damages upon the occurrence of certain events. The amount of the liquidated damages is 1.0% of the aggregate subscription amount paid
by an investor for the units (i.e., Series B Preferred Stock and warrants and/or Series B1 Preferred Stock and warrants) affected by the event that are still held by
the investor upon the occurrence of the event, due on the date immediately following the event that caused such failure (or the 30th day following such event if
the event relates to the suspension of the registration statement), and each 30 days thereafter, with such payments to be prorated on a daily basis during each 30
day period, subject to a maximum of an aggregate of 6% per year (per transaction). If we fail to pay any liquidated damages in full within seven days after the
date payable, we are required to pay interest thereon at a rate of 12% per annum until paid in full. In the event the registration statement, which has previously
been declared effective within the timeframe required by the purchase agreement, is subsequently suspended or terminated, or we otherwise fail to meet certain
requirements set forth in the purchase agreements, we could be required to pay significant penalties which could adversely affect our cash flow and cause the
value of our securities to decline in value.

General Risks

RISKS RELATED TO OUR SECURITIES

Our Chief Executive Officer, Benjamin P. Cowart, has significant voting control over us, including the appointment of Directors and may have
interests that differ from other shareholders. Mr. Cowart, as a significant shareholder, may, therefore, take actions that are not in the interest of other
shareholders.

Benjamin P. Cowart, our Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer, beneficially owns approximately 24.3% of our common stock (not including
shares issuable upon exercise of options and warrants held by Mr. Cowart) and 16.5% of our total voting stock, and as such, Mr. Cowart exercises significant
control  in  determining  the  outcome  of  corporate  transactions  or  other  matters,  including  the  election  of  directors,  mergers,  consolidations,  the  sale  of  all  or
substantially all of our assets, and also the power to prevent or cause a change in control. The interests of Mr. Cowart may differ from the interests of the other
stockholders and thus result in corporate decisions that are adverse to other shareholders. Should conflicts of interest arise, Mr. Cowart may not act in the best
interests of our other shareholders and conflicts of interest may not be resolved in a manner favorable to our other shareholders.

Securities analysts may not cover our common stock and this may have a negative impact on our common stock’s market price.

The trading market for our common stock will depend, in part, on the research and reports that securities or industry analysts publish about us or our
business. We do not have any control over these analysts. We currently have limited research coverage by securities and industry analysts. If one or more of the
analysts who covers us downgrades our common stock, changes their opinion of our shares or publishes inaccurate or unfavorable research about our business,
our stock price would likely decline. If one or more of these analysts ceases coverage of us or fails to publish reports on us regularly, demand for our common
stock could decrease and we could lose visibility in the financial markets, which could cause our stock price and trading volume to decline.

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Shareholders  may  be  diluted  significantly  through  our  efforts  to  obtain  financing  and  satisfy  obligations  through  the  issuance  of  additional

securities.

Wherever possible, our Board of Directors will attempt to use non-cash consideration to satisfy obligations. In many instances, we believe that the non-
cash  consideration  will  consist  of  restricted  shares  of  our  common  stock,  preferred  stock  or  warrants  to  purchase  shares  of  our  common  stock.  Our  Board  of
Directors has authority, without action or vote of the shareholders, but subject to NASDAQ rules and regulations (which generally require shareholder approval for
any transactions which would result in the issuance of more than 20% of our then outstanding shares of common stock or voting rights representing over 20% of
our then outstanding shares of stock), to issue all or part of the authorized but unissued shares of common stock, preferred stock or warrants to purchase such
shares of common stock. In addition, we may attempt to raise capital by selling shares of our common stock, possibly at a discount to market in the future. These
actions will result in dilution of the ownership interests of existing shareholders, may further dilute common stock book value, and that dilution may be material.
Such  issuances  may  also  serve  to  enhance  existing  management’s  ability  to  maintain  control  of  us,  because  the  shares  may  be  issued  to  parties  or  entities
committed to supporting existing management.

We currently have a sporadic and volatile market for our common stock, and the market for our common stock is and may remain sporadic

and volatile in the future.

We currently have a sporadic and volatile market for our common stock, which market is anticipated to remain sporadic and volatile in the future, and will

likely be subject to wide fluctuations in response to several factors, including, but not limited to:

•

•

•

•

•

actual or anticipated variations in our results of operations;

our ability or inability to generate revenues;

the number of shares in our public float;

increased competition; and

conditions and trends in the market for oil refining and re-refining services, transportation services and oil feedstock.

Our common stock is currently listed on the NASDAQ Capital Market. Our stock price may be impacted by factors that are unrelated or disproportionate to
our  operating  performance.  These  market  fluctuations,  as  well  as  general  economic,  political  and  market  conditions,  such  as  recessions,  interest  rates  or
international currency fluctuations may adversely affect the market price of our common stock. Shareholders and potential investors in our common stock should
exercise caution before making an investment in us, and should not rely solely on the publicly quoted or traded stock prices in determining our common stock
value,  but  should  instead  determine  the  value  of  our  common  stock  based  on  the  information  contained  in  our  public  reports,  industry  information,  and  those
business valuation methods commonly used to value private companies.

Additionally,  the  market  price  of  our  common  stock  historically  has  fluctuated  significantly  based  on,  but  not  limited  to,  such  factors  as  general  stock
market trends, announcements of developments related to our business, actual or anticipated variations in our operating results, our ability or inability to generate
new revenues, and conditions and trends in the industries in which our customers are engaged.

In recent years, the stock market in general has experienced extreme price fluctuations that have oftentimes been unrelated to the operating performance
of the affected companies. Similarly, the market price of our common stock may fluctuate significantly based upon factors unrelated or disproportionate to our
operating performance. These market fluctuations, as well as general economic, political and market conditions, such as recessions, interest rates or international
currency fluctuations may adversely affect the market price of our common stock.

We do not intend to pay cash dividends on our common stock in the foreseeable future, and therefore only appreciation of the price of our

common stock will provide a return to our stockholders.

We currently anticipate that we will retain all future earnings, if any, to finance the growth and development of our business. We do not intend to pay cash
dividends  in  the  foreseeable  future.  Any  payment  of  cash  dividends  will  depend  upon  our  financial  condition,  capital  requirements,  earnings  and  other  factors
deemed  relevant  by  our  Board  of  Directors.  As  a  result,  only  appreciation  of  the  price  of  our  common  stock,  which  may  not  occur,  will  provide  a  return  to  our
stockholders.

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There may be future sales and issuances of our common stock, which could adversely affect the market price of our common stock and dilute

shareholders ownership of common stock.

The  exercise  of  any  options  granted  to  executive  officers,  directors  and  other  employees  under  our  equity  compensation  plans,  the  exercise  of
outstanding warrants, the conversion of outstanding convertible securities and other issuances of our common stock in the future could have an adverse effect on
the  market  price  of  the  shares  of  our  common  stock.  We  are  not  restricted  from  issuing  additional  shares  of  common  stock,  including  any  securities  that  are
convertible  into  or  exchangeable  for,  or  that  represent  the  right  to  receive  shares  of  common  stock,  provided  that  we  are  subject  to  the  requirements  of  the
Nasdaq  Capital  Market  (which  generally  require  shareholder  approval  for  any  transactions  which  would  result  in  the  issuance  of  more  than  20%  of  our  then
outstanding shares of common stock or voting rights representing over 20% of our then outstanding shares of stock), subject to certain exceptions. Sales of a
substantial number of shares of our common stock in the public market or the perception that such sales might occur could materially adversely affect the market
price of the shares of our common stock. Because our decision to issue securities in any future offering or transaction will depend on market conditions and other
factors beyond our control, we cannot predict or estimate the amount, timing or nature of our future offerings or issuances. Additionally, the sale of a significant
portion of our common stock may cause the value of our common stock to decline in value.

Our outstanding options, warrants and convertible securities may adversely affect the trading price of our common stock.

As  of  the  date  of  this  filing,  we  have  (i)  3,180,417  outstanding  stock  options  at  a  weighted  average  exercise  price  of  $2.21  per  share;  (ii)  7,353,056
outstanding warrants to purchase 7,353,056 shares of common stock at a weighted average exercise price of $1.03 per share; (iii) 453,567 shares of common
stock issuable upon the conversion of our 453,567 outstanding shares of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock (which convert on a one-for-one basis (subject to
adjustments  for  stock  splits  and  recapitalizations)  into  common  stock);  (iv)  3,479,016  shares  of  common  stock  issuable  upon  conversion  of  our  3,479,016
outstanding shares of Series B Preferred Stock (which convert on a one-for-one basis (subject to adjustments for stock splits and recapitalizations) into common
stock); (v) 12,947,916 shares of common stock issuable upon conversion of our 12,947,916 outstanding shares of Series B1 Preferred Stock (which convert on a
one-for-one basis (subject to adjustments for stock splits and recapitalizations) into common stock); and (vi) 3,156,800 shares of common stock issuable upon
conversion  of  our  31,568  outstanding  shares  of  Series  C  Convertible  Preferred  Stock  (which  each  convert  into  100  shares  of  common  stock  (subject  to
adjustments for stock splits and recapitalizations)). For the life of the options and warrants, the holders have the opportunity to profit from a rise in the market
price  of  our  common  stock  without  assuming  the  risk  of  ownership.  The  issuance  of  shares  upon  the  exercise  of  outstanding  securities  will  also  dilute  the
ownership interests of our existing stockholders.

The availability of these shares for public resale, as well as any actual resales of these shares, could adversely affect the trading price of our common
stock. We cannot predict the size of future issuances of our common stock pursuant to the exercise of outstanding options or warrants or conversion of other
securities,  or  the  effect,  if  any,  that  future  issuances  and  sales  of  shares  of  our  common  stock  may  have  on  the  market  price  of  our  common  stock.  Sales  or
distributions  of  substantial  amounts  of  our  common  stock  (including  shares  issued  in  connection  with  an  acquisition),  or  the  perception  that  such  sales  could
occur, may cause the market price of our common stock to decline.

In addition, the common stock issuable upon exercise/conversion of outstanding convertible securities may represent overhang that may also adversely
affect the market price of our common stock. Overhang occurs when there is a greater supply of a company’s stock in the market than there is demand for that
stock. When this happens the price of the company’s stock will decrease, and any additional shares which shareholders attempt to sell in the market will only
further decrease the share price. If the share volume of our common stock cannot absorb shares sold by holders of our outstanding convertible securities, then
the value of our common stock will likely decrease.

Risks Relating to our Preferred Stock

We have established preferred stock which can be designated by the Board of Directors without shareholder approval and have established
Series  A  Preferred  Stock,  Series  B  Preferred  Stock,  Series  B1  Preferred  Stock  and  Series  C  Preferred  Stock,  which  give  the  holders  thereof  a
liquidation preference and the ability to convert such shares into our common stock.

We  have  50,000,000  shares  of  preferred  stock  authorized,  which  includes  5,000,000  shares  of  designated  Series  A  Preferred  Stock  of  which
approximately 0.5 million shares are issued and outstanding, 10 million designated shares of Series B Preferred Stock, of which 3,479,016 shares are issued and
outstanding, 17 million designated shares of Series B1 Preferred Stock, of which 12,947,916 shares are issued and outstanding and 44,000 designated shares of
Series C Preferred Stock, of which 31,568 are issued and outstanding. The Series A Preferred Stock has a liquidation preference of $1.49 per share. The Series B
Preferred Stock and

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Series B1 Preferred stock have a liquidation preference of $3.10 per share and $1.56 per share, respectively, payable only after the liquidation preference on the
Series  A  Preferred  Stock  are  satisfied.  The  Series  C  Preferred  Stock  has  a  liquidation  preference  of  $100.00  per  share,  payable  only  after  the  liquidation
preference on the Series A Preferred Stock, Series B Preferred Stock and Series B1 Preferred Stock are satisfied. As a result, if we were to dissolve, liquidate or
sell our assets, the holders of our Series A Preferred Stock would have the right to receive up to the first approximately $0.7 million in proceeds from any such
transaction,  holders  of  our  Series  B  Preferred  Stock  and  Series  B1  Preferred  Stock  would  have  the  right  to  receive  up  to  approximately  $26.1  million  of  the
remaining proceeds from any such transaction, and the holders of our Series C Preferred Stock would have the right to receive up to $3.2 million of the remaining
proceeds  from  any  such  transaction,  after  the  payment  of  amounts  owed  to  certain  other  of  our  creditors,  but  before  any  amount  is  paid  to  the  holders  of  our
common stock. The payment of the liquidation preferences could result in common stock shareholders not receiving any consideration if we were to liquidate,
dissolve or wind up, either voluntarily or involuntarily. Additionally, the existence of the liquidation preferences may reduce the value of our common stock, make
it  harder  for  us  to  sell  shares  of  common  stock  in  offerings  in  the  future,  or  prevent  or  delay  a  change  of  control.  Furthermore,  the  conversion  of  Series  A
Preferred Stock, Series B Preferred Stock and Series B1 Preferred Stock (each of which convert on a one-for-one basis (subject to adjustments for stock splits
and recapitalizations)) into common stock and the conversion of Series C Preferred Stock into common stock (which convert into 100 shares of common stock
(subject  to  adjustments  for  stock  splits  and  recapitalizations))  may  cause  substantial  dilution  to  our  common  shareholders.  Because  our  Board  of  Directors  is
entitled  to  designate  the  powers  and  preferences  of  the  preferred  stock  without  a  vote  of  our  shareholders,  subject  to  NASDAQ  rules  and  regulations,  our
shareholders will have no control over what designations and preferences our future preferred stock, if any, will have.

In addition to the above, we are required to redeem any non-converted shares of (a) Series B Preferred Stock, which remain outstanding on June 24,
2020,  at  the  rate  of  $3.10  per  share  (or  $10.8  million  in  aggregate  as  of  the  date  of  this  filing);  and  (b)  Series  B1  Preferred  Stock,  which  remain  outstanding
on June 24, 2020, at the rate of $1.56 per share (or $15.3 million in aggregate as of the date of this filing), subject to the terms of our senior loan documents,
which funds we may not have, or which may not be available on favorable terms, if at all.

The issuance of common stock upon conversion of the Series B Preferred Stock, Series B1 Preferred Stock and Series C Preferred Stock will

cause immediate and substantial dilution to existing shareholders.

The Series B Preferred Stock (including accrued and unpaid dividends) is convertible into shares of the Company’s common stock at any time at $3.10
per  share  (initially  a  one-for-one  basis).  If  the  Company’s  common  stock  trades  at  or  above  $6.20  per  share  for  a  period  of  20  consecutive  trading  days,  the
Company may at such time force conversion of the Series B Preferred Stock (including accrued and unpaid dividends) into common stock of the Company. The
Series B1 Preferred Stock (including accrued and unpaid dividends) is convertible into shares of the Company’s common stock at the holder’s option at any time
after closing at $1.56 per share (initially a one-for-one basis). If the Company’s common stock trades at or above $3.90 per share for a period of 20 consecutive
trading  days  at  any  time,  the  Company  may  at  such  time  force  conversion  of  the  Series  B1  Preferred  Stock  (including  accrued  and  unpaid  dividends)  into
common stock of the Company. The Series C Preferred Stock is convertible into shares of the Company’s common stock at any time at $1.00 per share (initially a
100-for-one basis).

The issuance of common stock upon conversion of the Series B Preferred Stock, Series B1 Preferred Stock and Series C Preferred Stock will result in
immediate and substantial dilution to the interests of other stockholders since the holders of the Series B Preferred Stock, Series B1 Preferred Stock and Series C
Preferred Stock may ultimately receive and sell the full amount of shares issuable in connection with the conversion of such Series B Preferred Stock, Series B1
Preferred  Stock  and  Series  C  Preferred  Stock.  Although  the  Series  B  Preferred  Stock,  and Series  B1  Preferred  Stock  may  not  be  converted  by  the  holders
thereof if such conversion would cause such holder to own more than 9.999% of our outstanding common stock (4.999% in the case of certain holders), and the
Series C Preferred Stock may not be converted by the holder thereof if such conversion would cause the holder to own more than 4.999% of our outstanding
common stock, these restrictions do not prevent such holders from converting some of their holdings, selling those shares, and then converting the rest of their
holdings,  while  still  staying  below  the  9.999%/4.999%  limit.  In  this  way,  the  holders  of  the  Series  B  Preferred  Stock,  Series  B1  Preferred  Stock  and  Series  C
Preferred Stock could sell more than these limits while never actually holding more shares than the limits allow. If the holders of the Series B Preferred Stock,
Series B1 Preferred Stock or Series C Preferred Stock choose to do this, it will cause substantial dilution to the then holders of our common stock.

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Our outstanding Series B Preferred Stock and Series B1 Preferred Stock accrue a cash dividend.

Our  Series  B  Preferred  Stock  accrues  a  dividend,  payable  quarterly  in  arrears  (based  on  calendar  quarters),  in  the  amount  of  6%  per  annum  of  the
original issuance price of the Series B Preferred Stock ($3.10 per share or $10.8 million in aggregate as of the date of this report). The dividend is payable by the
Company, at the Company’s election, in registered common stock of the Company (if available) or cash, provided that any cash dividend payment is subject to us
previously  having  repaid  all  amounts  owed  to  our  senior  lender.  In  the  event  dividends  are  paid  in  registered  common  stock  of  the  Company,  the  number  of
shares payable will be calculated by dividing (a) the accrued dividend by (b) 90% of the arithmetic average of the volume weighted average price (VWAP) of the
Company’s  common  stock  for  the  10  trading  days  immediately  prior  to  the  applicable  date  of  determination  (the  “June  2015  Dividend  Stock  Payment  Price ”).
Notwithstanding the foregoing, in no event may the Company pay dividends in common stock unless the applicable June 2015 Dividend Stock Payment Price is
above  $2.91.  If  the  Company  is  prohibited  from  paying,  or  chooses  not  to  pay  the  dividend  in  cash  (due  to  contractual  senior  credit  agreements  or  other
restrictions) or is unable to pay the dividend in registered common stock, the dividend will be paid in-kind in Series B Preferred Stock shares at $3.10 per share.

The  Series  B1  Preferred  Stock  accrues  a  dividend,  payable  quarterly  in  arrears  (based  on  calendar  quarters),  in  the  amount  of  6%  per  annum  of  the
original issuance price of the Series B1 Preferred Stock ($1.56 per share or $15.3 million in aggregate), provided that such dividend increases to 9% if certain
Consolidated Adjusted EBITDA targets are not met during 2016-2017, until the earlier of (a) the date the next target is met, or (b) June 30, 2018 (provided that
the Consolidated Adjusted EBITDA target for the six months ended December 31, 2016 was met). The dividend is payable by the Company, at the Company’s
election,  in  registered  common  stock  of  the  Company  (if  available)  or  cash.  In  the  event  dividends  are  paid  in  registered  common  stock  of  the  Company,  the
number of shares payable will be calculated by dividing (a) the accrued dividend by (b) 90% of the VWAP of the Company’s common stock for the 10 trading
days immediately prior to the applicable date of determination (the “May 2016 Dividend Stock Payment Price ”). Notwithstanding the foregoing, in no event may
the Company pay dividends in common stock unless the applicable May 2016 Dividend Stock Payment Price is above $1.52. If the Company is prohibited from
paying,  or  chooses  not  to  pay,  the  dividend  in  cash  (due  to  contractual  senior  credit  agreements  or  other  restrictions)  or  is  unable  to  pay  the  dividend  in
registered common stock, the dividend will be paid in-kind in Series B1 Preferred Stock shares at $1.56 per share.

We may not have sufficient available cash to pay the dividends as they accrue. The payment of the dividends, or our failure to timely pay the dividends
when due, could reduce our available cash on hand, have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and cause the value of our stock to decline in
value.  Additionally,  the  issuance  of  shares  of  common  stock  or  additional  shares  of  Series  B  Preferred  Stock  or  Series  B1  Preferred  Stock  in  lieu  of  cash
dividends (and the subsequent conversion of such Series B Preferred Stock or Series B1 Preferred Stock into common stock pursuant to the terms of such Series
B Preferred Stock and Series B1 Preferred Stock) could cause substantial dilution to the then holders of our common stock.

We  may  be  required  to  issue  additional  shares  of  Series  B  Preferred  Stock  and  Series  B1  Preferred  Stock  upon  the  occurrence  of  certain

events.

As  described  above,  in  the  event  we  do  not  have  available  cash  to  pay  the  dividends  which  accrue  on  the  Series  B  Preferred  Stock  and  Series  B1
Preferred  Stock  in  cash,  we  are  prohibited  from  paying  such  dividends  in  cash,  or  choose  not  to  pay  such  dividends  in  cash  and/or  we  do  not  have  sufficient
registered shares of common stock available to allow for the payment of such dividends in common stock, we are required to pay such dividends in-kind in (a)
Series B Preferred Stock shares at $3.10 per share, which will also include a $3.10 per share liquidation preference in connection with the Series B Preferred
Stock dividends; and (b) Series B1 Preferred Stock shares at $1.56 per share, which will also include a $1.56 per share liquidation preference in connection with
the Series B1 Preferred Stock, and the right to convert into common stock on a one-for-one basis.

The issuance and sale of common stock upon conversion of the Series B Preferred Stock, Series B1 Preferred Stock and  Series  C  Preferred
Stock may depress the market price of our common stock; and the redemption of the Series B Preferred Stock and Series B1 Preferred Stock, if not
converted into common stock prior to the required redemption date, will require significant additional funds.

If conversions of the Series B Preferred Stock, Series B1 Preferred Stock and Series C Preferred Stock and sales of such converted shares take place,
the price of our common stock may decline. In addition, the common stock issuable upon conversion of the Series B Preferred Stock, Series B1 Preferred Stock
and Series C Preferred Stock may represent overhang that may also adversely affect the market price of our common stock. Overhang occurs when there is a
greater supply of a company’s stock in the market than there is demand for that stock. When this happens the price of the company’s stock will decrease, and any
additional shares which shareholders attempt to sell in the market will only further decrease the share price. If the share volume of our common

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EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

stock cannot absorb converted shares sold by the Series B Preferred Stock holders, then the value of our common stock will likely decrease.

In addition to the above, we are required to redeem any non-converted shares of (a) Series B Preferred Stock, which remain outstanding on June 24,
2020,  at  the  rate  of  $3.10  per  share  (or  $10.8  million  in  aggregate  as  of  the  date  of  this  filing);  and  (b)  Series  B1  Preferred  Stock,  which  remain  outstanding
on June 24, 2020, at the rate of $1.56 per share (or $15.3 million in aggregate as of the date of this filing), which funds we may not have, or which may not be
available on favorable terms, if at all.

Risks Relating to Our Listing on the Nasdaq Capital Market

Our Common Stock may be delisted from the Nasdaq Capital Market if we cannot satisfy Nasdaq’s continued listing requirements.

Among the conditions required for continued listing on the Nasdaq Capital Market, Nasdaq requires us to maintain at least $2.5 million in stockholders’
equity or $500,000 in net income over the prior two years or two of the prior three years, to have a majority of independent directors, and to maintain a stock price
over $1.00 per share. Our stockholders’ equity may not remain above Nasdaq’s $2.5 million minimum, we may not generate over $500,000 of yearly net income
moving forward, we may not be able to maintain independent directors, and we may not be able to maintain a stock price over $1.00 per share (our 52 week low
as of the date of this filing was $0.65 and our common stock traded at below $1.00 per share from approximately August 2017 to February 2018). If we fail to
timely comply with the applicable requirements, our stock may be delisted. In addition, even if we demonstrate compliance with the requirements above, we will
have  to  continue  to  meet  other  objective  and  subjective  listing  requirements  to  continue  to  be  listed  on  the  Nasdaq  Capital  Market.  Delisting  from  the  Nasdaq
Capital Market could make trading our common stock more difficult for investors, potentially leading to declines in our share price and liquidity. Without a Nasdaq
Capital Market listing, stockholders may have a difficult time getting a quote for the sale or purchase of our stock, the sale or purchase of our stock would likely be
made more difficult and the trading volume and liquidity of our stock could decline. Delisting from the Nasdaq Capital Market could also result in negative publicity
and could also make it more difficult for us to raise additional capital. The absence of such a listing may adversely affect the acceptance of our common stock as
currency or the value accorded by other parties. Further, if we are delisted, we would also incur additional costs under state blue sky laws in connection with any
sales of our securities. These requirements could severely limit the market liquidity of our common stock and the ability of our stockholders to sell our common
stock in the secondary market. If our common stock is delisted by Nasdaq, our common stock may be eligible to trade on an over-the-counter quotation system,
such as the OTCQB market, where an investor may find it more difficult to sell our stock or obtain accurate quotations as to the market value of our common
stock. In the event our common stock is delisted from the Nasdaq Capital Market, we may not be able to list our common stock on another national securities
exchange or obtain quotation on an over-the counter quotation system.

If  we  are  delisted  from  the  Nasdaq  Capital  Market,  your  ability  to  sell  your  shares  of  our  common  stock  could  also  be  limited  by  the  penny

stock restrictions, which could further limit the marketability of your shares.

If  our  common  stock  is  delisted,  it  could  come  within  the  definition  of  “ penny  stock”  as  defined  in  the  Exchange  Act  and  would  then  be  covered  by
Rule  15g-9  of  the  Exchange  Act.  That  Rule  imposes  additional  sales  practice  requirements  on  broker-dealers  who  sell  securities  to  persons  other  than
established customers and accredited investors. For transactions covered by Rule 15g-9, the broker-dealer must make a special suitability determination for the
purchaser and receive the purchaser’s written agreement to the transaction prior to the sale. Consequently, Rule 15g-9, if it were to become applicable, would
affect the ability or willingness of broker-dealers to sell our securities, and accordingly would affect the ability of stockholders to sell their securities in the public
market. These additional procedures could also limit our ability to raise additional capital in the future.

Due to the fact that our common stock is listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market, we are subject to financial and other reporting and corporate

governance requirements which increase our costs and expenses.

We are currently required to file annual and quarterly information and other reports with the Securities and Exchange Commission that are specified in
Sections 13 and 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Additionally, due to the fact that our common stock is listed on the Nasdaq Capital
Market, we are also subject to the requirements to maintain independent directors, comply with other corporate governance requirements and are required to pay
annual listing and stock issuance fees. These obligations require a commitment of additional resources including, but not limited, to additional expenses, and may
result in the diversion of our senior management’s time and attention from our day-to-day operations. These obligations increase our expenses and may make it
more complicated or time consuming for us to undertake certain corporate actions due to

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EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

the fact that we may require Nasdaq approval for such transactions and/or Nasdaq rules may require us to obtain shareholder approval for such transactions.

Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments

Not applicable.

Item 2. Properties

Properties and Facilities

The Company owns three oil collection facilities operated by H&H Oil, which are located in Houston, Austin, and Corpus Christi, Texas. The three owned
locations range from 2 acres to 5 acres in area and have offices, storage tank facilities, small warehouse facilities for operations and yard areas for the parking of
trucks. These facilities are related to the operations of the Black Oil division.

In addition, the Company leases four smaller facilities, one located in San Antonio, Texas, one in Mission, Texas, one in Pittsburg, Texas, and one in
Dallas, Texas each with a small yard for the parking of trucks, small storage tanks and an office. The San Antonio facility is leased under a thirty-six month lease
which expired in June 2013 (subject to our right to renew the lease for an additional twelve months and/or purchase the property at the end of the lease term),
which has a rental cost of $2,500 per month, provided that while not formally extended, we continue to operate under the same terms of the now expired lease.
The Mission, Texas lease has a term expiring on November 1, 2019, and a rental cost of $650 per month. The Pittsburg lease is for three years, expiring May 1,
2020, at a monthly cost of $4,776. The Dallas lease expired in August 31, 2015, but we continue to lease this facility on month to month basis for a rental cost of
$3,000 per month. These facilities are related to the operations of the Black Oil division.

The Company leases a 19 acre tank terminal facility in Baytown, Texas, where it aggregates the majority of the used motor oil for its TCEP technology.
The TCEP technology is located on-site at this facility, which also has facilities for the loading and unloading of trucks and barges located near the Houston Ship
Channel. The lease relating to this facility expires on November 30, 2032. The monthly rent relating to this facility is approximately $25,000 per month through
November 2027, and $30,000 per month during the remaining term of the lease. The lease contains a provision providing the landlord the right to buy out our
rights under the lease for the fair market value of such rights (as provided in the lease agreement) upon the occurrence of any change of control of the Company,
including the sale of substantially all of our assets; or our merger with another entity which results in our shareholders holding less than 50% of the voting stock of
the post-merger entity. Additionally, we have a right of first refusal to buy the landlord’s interest in the property leased in the event the landlord receives a bona
fide offer to sell the premises and notifies us of its intent to accept such offer. This facility is related to the operations of the Black Oil division.

We also lease approximately 5,893 square feet of office space at our current principal executive office located at 1331 Gemini St., Suite 250, Houston,
Texas 77058. The office rent is $9,723 per month from July 1, 2012 to June 30, 2013; $10,067 per month from July 1, 2013 to June 30, 2015; and $10,411 from
July 1, 2015 to June 30, 2017. The lease expired on December 31, 2017 and it is under negotiation for renewal. This property relates to general administrative
functions of the Company and is proportionally allocated to each of our three divisions.

The Company leases three smaller facilities, one located in Zanesville, Ohio, one in Mount Sterling, Kentucky, and one in Ravenswood, West Virginia
each with a small yard for the parking of trucks, small storage tanks and an office. The Zanesville facility is leased under a twelve month lease with automatic
renewals (subject to either party providing a written notice to the other party of the intent to cancel the lease prior to thirty days from the expiration of the current
term),  which  has  a  rental  cost  of  $3,500  per  month.  The  Mount  Sterling,  Kentucky  lease  has  a  term  expiring  on  March  22,  2018,  automatically  renewable
thereafter on a month-to-month basis, pursuant to the terms of the lease, and a rental cost of $1,750 per month. The Ravenswood, West Virginia lease had a
term expiring October 1, 2016, but we continue to lease this facility on a month to month basis for a rental cost of $1,739 per month.

The Company owns five other facilities, which are located in Ohio. Two facilities are located in Columbus, of which one is the location of our refinery and
the other is for the storage of feedstocks and finished products. There are two locations in Zanesville, of which one is used for an office, small warehouse facilities
for operations and a yard area for the parking of trucks, and the other is used for bulk used oil storage and as a transfer facility. The fifth facility is located in
Norwalk and is used for bulk storage of used oil and as a transfer facility. All properties relate to the operations of the Black Oil division.

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Marrero Facility:

We lease a used motor oil refinery located in Marrero, Louisiana. The facility was constructed in 1992 by Chevron Texaco, can currently process more
than 180,000 gallons per day and has a total storage capacity of nearly 17 million gallons. The facility is accessible by truck, rail, and barge. The lease has a term
expiring in April 2018, with a monthly rental cost of $283,000. The lease also provides us the right to extend the lease for up to four additional five year extension
terms through April 2038. This facility is related to the operations of the Black Oil division.

Myrtle Grove:

We lease 45 acres of land on the Gulf Coast in Myrtle Grove, Louisiana. The site, which is currently being developed, is located approximately 26 miles
from  the  Marrero  facility  (described  above).  Existing  infrastructure  includes  offices  and  maintenance  buildings,  a  lab,  a  control  room,  and  a  process  area  with
existing piling and concrete, loading and unloading areas and fire protection for the process area. We also own and/or lease additional refining equipment located
on  site.  The  lease  has  a  term  expiring  in  May  2022,  and  a  rental  cost  of  $54,000  per  month.  The  lease  also  has  10  additional  five  year  term  renewal  options
through 2067, with the rental cost of each extension term increasing by 8% of the preceding term. This facility is related to the operations of the Black Oil division.

Churchill County, Nevada Facility:

Prior  to  our  entry  into  the  Sale  Agreement,  we,  through  Vertex  Refining  NV,  leased  a  used  oil  re-refining  plant  located  on  approximately  40  acres  in
Churchill County, Nevada (the “Bango Plant”). The lease for the Bango Plant was entered into on April 30, 2015. The term of the Bango lease was to continue
until August 10, 2025, subject to our right under certain circumstances to extend such lease. No rent was due under the Bango lease until January 1, 2016, at
which time rent in the amount of $244,000 per month was due for the remainder of the term of the lease. The lease also allowed us the option to pay 2016 rent in
shares  of  our  common  stock.  The  Bango  lease  also  provided  for  a  purchase  option  which  we  exercised  as  part  of  the  transactions  contemplated  by  the  Sale
Agreement. As a result of the Sale Agreement we no longer lease or own the Bango Plant.

In addition to the Bango lease for the Bango Plant, Vertex Refining NV was also party to two Lease and Purchase Agreements (the “ Equipment Leases”)
which began on April 30, 2015, and continued until the date of the closing of the Sale Agreement. The Equipment Leases provided for the use of a rail facility and
related equipment and a pre-fabricated metal building located at the plant. The Equipment Leases were to expire on December 31, 2016, subject to certain rights
Vertex Refining NV had to terminate the leases earlier. The monthly rental costs for the leases were $16,300 and $3,800 per month, respectively, provided no rent
was due for fiscal 2015. As a result of the Sale Agreement we are no longer party to the Equipment Leases.

Golden State: 

In  connection  with  the  initial  closing  of  the  Omega  transaction  (see  above),  our  subsidiary,  Vertex  Refining  NV,  LLC  (" Vertex  Refining  NV ")  acquired
100% of the issued and outstanding membership interests in Golden State Lubricants Works, LLC ("GSLW").  GSLW leased a blending and storage facility (the
"Facility") with attached office space in Bakersfield, California. The Facility has total tank capacity of nearly 5 million gallons and offers excellent rail and truck
access.  The  lease  has  a  term  expiring  March  31,  2026  with  monthly  rental  cost  of  $59,800.  After  exploring  various  options  with  respect  to  the  Facility,  it  was
decided that this asset did not fit the long range plans of the Company.  In August, 2015, we notified the landlord that we were no longer planning to pay the
monthly rental. The landlord has not formally terminated the lease, or released GSLW from any obligations under the lease.

We believe that our current facilities are suitable and adequate to meet our current needs, and that suitable additional or substitute space will be available

as needed. However, we continue to evaluate the purchase or lease of additional properties or the consolidation of our properties, as our business requires.

Item 3. Legal Proceedings

From time to time, we may become party to litigation or other legal proceedings that we consider to be a part of the ordinary course of our business.

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EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

Vertex Refining LA, LLC, the wholly-owned subsidiary of Vertex Operating, was named as a defendant, along with numerous other parties, in five lawsuits

filed on or about February 12, 2016, in the Second Parish Court for the Parish of Jefferson, State of Louisiana, Case No. 121749, by Russell Doucet et. al., Case
No. 121750, by Kendra Cannon et. al., Case No. 121751, by Lashawn Jones et. al., Case No. 121752, by Joan Strauss et. al. and Case No. 121753, by Donna
Allen et. al. The suits relate to alleged noxious and harmful emissions from our facility located in Marrero, Louisiana. The suits seek damages for physical and
emotional injuries, pain and suffering, medical expenses and deprivation of the use and enjoyment of plaintiffs’ homes. We intend to vigorously defend ourselves
and oppose the relief sought in the complaints, provided that at this stage of the litigation, the Company has no basis for determining whether there is any
likelihood of material loss associated with the claims and/or the potential and/or the outcome of the litigation.

E-Source, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Vertex Operating, was named as a defendant (along with Motiva Enterprises, LLC, (“ Motiva”)) in a lawsuit filed in
the  Sixtieth  (60th)  Judicial  District,  Jefferson  County,  Texas,  on  April  22,  2015.  Pursuant  to  the  lawsuit,  Whole  Environmental,  Inc.  ("Whole"),  made  certain
allegations against E-Source, and Motiva. The claims include Breach of Contract and Quantum Meruit actions relating to asbestos abatement and remediation
operations performed for defendants at Motiva’s facility in Port Arthur, Jefferson County, Texas. The plaintiff alleges it is due monies earned. Defendants have
denied  any  amounts  due  plaintiff.  The  suit  seeks  damages  of  approximately  $864,000,  along  with  pre-judgment  and  post-judgment  interest,  the  fair  value  of
certain property alleged to be converted by defendants and reimbursement of legal fees. E-Source has asserted a counterclaim against Whole for the filing of a
mechanic’s lien in excess of any amount(s) actually due as well as a cross-claim against Motiva. Under the terms of E-Source’s contract with Motiva, Motiva was
to pay all sums due to any sub-contractors of E-Source. If any additional monies are owed to Whole, those monies should be paid by Motiva. E-Source seeks to
recover  the  balance  due  under  its  contract  with  Motiva  of  approximately  $1,000,000.  The  case  is  set  for  trial  in  the  summer  of  2018.  We  intend  to  vigorously
defend  ourselves  against  the  allegations  made  in  the  complaint.  The  Company  has  no  basis  of  determining  whether  there  is  any  likelihood  of  material  loss
associated with the claims and/or the potential and/or the outcome of the litigation.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures.

Not applicable.

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EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

On February 13, 2013, our common stock began trading on the NASDAQ Capital Market (“ NASDAQ”) under the symbol “ VTNR”.

The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, the high and low sales prices for our common stock on the NASDAQ, for the quarters presented.

Prices represent inter-dealer quotations without adjustments for markups, markdowns, and commissions, and may not represent actual transactions.

PART II

QUARTER ENDING

FISCAL 2017

December 31, 2017
September 30, 2017
June 30, 2017
March 31, 2017

FISCAL 2016

December 31, 2016
September 30, 2016
June 30, 2016
March 31, 2016

$
$
$
$

$
$
$
$

1.00   $
1.10   $
1.20   $
1.80   $

1.42   $
1.55   $
2.01   $
2.21   $

0.71
0.65
0.95
1.00

0.90
1.10
0.92
0.63

HOLDERS

As  of  March  6,  2018,  there  were  approximately  (a)  582  holders  of  record  of  our  common  stock,  not  including  holders  who  hold  their  shares  in  street
name, and 33,158,176 shares of common stock issued and outstanding; (b) 96 holders of record of our 453,567 outstanding shares of Series A Preferred Stock;
(c) 12 holders of record of our 3,479,016 outstanding shares of Series B Preferred Stock; (d) 19 holders of record of our 12,947,916 outstanding shares of Series
B1 Preferred Stock; and (e) one holder of record of our 31,568 outstanding shares of Series C Preferred Stock.

DIVIDENDS

We  have  not  paid  any  dividends  on  our  common  stock  to  date  and  do  not  anticipate  that  we  will  be  paying  dividends  in  the  foreseeable  future.  Any
payment of cash dividends on our common stock in the future will be dependent upon the amount of funds legally available, our earnings, if any, our financial
condition,  our  anticipated  capital  requirements  and  other  factors  that  our  Board  of  Directors  may  think  are  relevant.  However,  we  currently  intend  for  the
foreseeable future to follow a policy of retaining all of our earnings, if any, to finance the development and expansion of our business and, therefore, do not expect
to  pay  any  dividends  on  our  common  stock  in  the  foreseeable  future.  Additionally,  the  terms  of  our  preferred  stock  impose  restrictions  on  our  ability  to  pay
dividends.

EQUITY COMPENSATION PLAN INFORMATION

The  Company  previously  assumed  World  Waste’s  2004  Incentive  Stock  Option  Plan  (the  “ 2004  Plan”),  which  was  approved  by  shareholders,  and

provided for the issuance of a total of up to 200,000 shares of common stock and options to acquire common stock to employees, directors and consultants.

The Company also previously assumed World Waste’s 2007 Incentive Stock Plan (the “ 2007 Plan”), which was not shareholder-approved. The 2007 Plan

provided for the issuance of a total of up to 600,000 shares of common stock and options to acquire common stock to employees, directors and consultants.

Effective  May  16,  2008,  our  Board  of  Directors  approved  our  2008  Stock  Incentive  Plan,  which  was  subsequently  approved  by  a  majority  of  our

shareholders on December 3, 2008, which allows the Board of Directors to grant up to an aggregate of 600,000

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qualified and non-qualified stock options, restricted stock and performance based awards of securities to our officers, directors and consultants to help attract and
retain our qualified personnel (the “2008 Plan”).

Effective  July  15,  2009,  our  Board  of  Directors  approved  our  2009  Stock  Incentive  Plan,  which  was  subsequently  approved  by  a  majority  of  our
shareholders on July 14, 2010, which allows the Board of Directors to grant up to an aggregate of 1,575,000 qualified and non-qualified stock options, restricted
stock and performance based awards of securities to our officers, directors and consultants to help attract and retain qualified personnel (the “2009 Plan”).

Effective on April 25, 2013, the Board of Directors adopted, subject to the ratification of our shareholders, the Company’s 2013 Stock Incentive Plan (the
“2013 Plan” and collectively with the 2008 Plan and the 2009 Plan, the “ Plans”), which was subsequently approved by the Company’s shareholders on June 7,
2013, which allowed the Board of Directors to grant up to an aggregate of 1,575,000 qualified and non-qualified stock options, restricted stock and performance
based  awards  of  securities  to  our  officers,  directors  and  consultants  to  help  attract  and  retain  qualified  personnel.  On  July  20,  2015,  the  Board  of  Directors
approved  an  amendment  to  the  2013  Plan  to  increase  by  2  million  shares  the  number  of  shares  available  under  the  2013  Plan,  which  was  ratified  by  the
shareholders of the Company on September 16, 2015.

The  following  table  provides  information  as  of  December  31,  2017  regarding  the  2004  Plan,  the  2007  Plan  and  the  Plans  (including  individual

compensation arrangements), except as described below, under which equity securities are authorized for issuance:

Plan Category

Equity compensation plans approved by the
security holders
Equity compensation plans not approved by the
security holders

Total

Number of securities to be
issued upon exercise of
outstanding options,
warrants and rights*

Weighted-average exercise
price of outstanding
options, warrants and
rights*

Number of securities
available for future
issuance under equity
compensation plans
(excluding those in first
column)*

3,180,417

—

3,180,417

$2.21

—

$2.21

4,321,444

—

4,321,444

*    Does not include securities available for future issuance under equity compensation plans approved by security holders and not approved by security holders
of World Waste, assumed in the Merger, which the Company does not plan to issue any additional securities in connection with.

Description of Capital Stock

Common Stock

The total number of authorized shares of our common stock is 750,000,000 shares, $0.001 par value per share.

Each share of our common stock is entitled to equal dividends and distributions per share with respect to the common stock when, as and if declared by
our Board of Directors. No holder of any shares of our common stock has a preemptive right to subscribe for any of our securities, nor are any shares of our
common stock subject to redemption or convertible into other securities. Upon liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of the Company, and after payment to our
creditors and preferred shareholders, if any, our assets will be divided pro rata on a share-for-share basis among the holders of our common stock. Each share of
our common stock is entitled to one vote on all shareholder matters. Shares of our common stock do not possess any cumulative voting rights.

Preferred Stock

The  total  number  of  “blank  check”  authorized  shares  of  our  preferred  stock  is  50,000,000  shares,  $0.001  par  value  per  share.  The  total  number  of
authorized  shares  of  our  Series  A  Convertible  Preferred  Stock  (“Series  A  Preferred”)  is  5,000,000;  the  total  number  of  authorized  shares  of  Vertex’s  Series  B
Preferred Stock is 10,000,000 (“Series B Preferred Stock ”); the total number of authorized shares of Vertex's Series B1 Preferred Stock is 17,000,000 (" Series B1
Preferred Stock") and the total number of authorized shares of Vertex’s Series C Convertible Preferred Stock is 44,000 (“ Series C Preferred Stock”).

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Series A Preferred

Holders of outstanding shares of Series A Preferred are entitled to receive dividends, when, as, and if declared by our Board of Directors. No dividends or
similar distributions may be made on shares of capital stock or securities junior to our Series A Preferred until dividends in the same amount per share on our
Series A Preferred have been declared and paid. In connection with a liquidation, winding-up, dissolution or sale of the Company, each share of our Series A
Preferred  is  entitled  to  receive  $1.49  prior  to  similar  liquidation  payments  due  on  shares  of  our  common  stock  or  any  other  class  of  securities  junior  to  the
Series  A  Preferred.  Shares  of  Series  A  Preferred  are  not  entitled  to  participate  with  the  holders  of  our  common  stock  with  respect  to  the  distribution  of  any
remaining assets of the Company.

Each share of Series A Preferred is entitled to that number of votes equal to the number of whole shares of common stock into which it is convertible.

Generally, holders of our common stock and Vertex Series A Preferred vote together as a single class.

•

•

•

•

Shares of Series A Preferred automatically convert into shares of our common stock on the earliest to occur of the following:

The affirmative vote or written consent of the holders of a majority of the then-outstanding shares of Series A Preferred;

If the closing market price of our common stock averages at least $15.00 per share over a period of 20 consecutive trading days and the daily trading
volume averages at least 7,500 shares over such period;

If we consummate an underwritten public offering of our securities at a price per share not less than $10.00 and for a total gross offering amount of at
least $10 million; or

If a sale of the Company occurs resulting in proceeds to the holders of Series A Preferred of a per share amount of at least $10.00.

Each share of Series A Preferred converts into one share of common stock, subject to adjustment.

Series B Preferred Stock

The  Series  B  Preferred  Stock  accrues  a  dividend,  payable  quarterly  in  arrears  (based  on  calendar  quarters),  in  the  amount  of  6%  per  annum  of  the

original issuance price of the Series B Preferred Stock ($3.10 per share).

The  dividend  is  payable  by  the  Company,  at  the  Company’s  election,  in  registered  common  stock  of  the  Company  (if  available)  or  cash.  In  the  event
dividends are paid in registered common stock of the Company, the number of shares payable will be calculated by dividing (a) the accrued dividend by (b) 90%
of  the  arithmetic  average  of  the  volume  weighted  average  price  (VWAP)  of  the  Company’s  common  stock  for  the  10  trading  days  immediately  prior  to  the
applicable date of determination (the “June 2015 Dividend Stock Payment Price ”). Notwithstanding the foregoing, in no event may the Company pay dividends in
common stock unless the applicable June 2015 Dividend Stock Payment Price is above $2.91. If the Company is prohibited from paying, or chooses not to pay,
the dividend in cash (due to contractual senior credit agreements or other restrictions) or is unable to pay the dividend in registered common stock, the dividend
will be paid in kind in Series B Preferred Stock shares at $3.10 per share.

The Series B Preferred Stock includes a liquidation preference (in the amount of $3.10 per share) which is junior to the Company’s Series A Preferred
Stock, ranks senior to the Company’s Series C Preferred Stock and ranks equally with the Series B1 Preferred Stock. The Series B Preferred Stock also ranks
junior  to  the  Company’s  credit  facilities  and  other  debt  holders  as  provided  in  further  detail  in  the  designation  of  the  Series  B  Preferred  Stock  (the  “Series  B
Designation”).

The  Series  B  Preferred  Stock  prohibits  us  from  (i)  increasing  or  decreasing  (other  than  by  redemption  or  conversion  (as  described  in  the  Series  B
Designation)) the total number of authorized shares of Series B Preferred Stock (except to the extent required to issue payment-in-kind shares); (ii) re-issuing any
shares of Series B Preferred Stock converted or redeemed; (iii) creating, or authorizing the creation of, or issuing or obligating the Company to issue shares of,
any class or series of capital stock unless the same ranks junior to (and not pari passu with) the Series B Preferred Stock with respect to the distribution of assets
on the liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Company, the payment of dividends and rights of redemption, or increase the authorized number of shares of
any  additional  class  or  series  of  capital  stock  unless  the  same  ranks  junior  to  (and  not  pari  passu  with)  the  Series  B  Preferred  Stock  with  respect  to  the
distribution of assets on the liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Company, the payment of dividends and rights of redemption; (iv) effecting an exchange,
reclassification,  or  cancellation  of  all  or  a  part  of  the  Series  B  Preferred  Stock  (except  pursuant  to  the  terms  of  the  Series  B  Designation);  (v)  effecting  an
exchange, or

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EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

creating a right of exchange, of all or part of the shares of another class of shares into shares of Series B Preferred Stock; (vi) issuing any shares of Series B
Preferred Stock other than pursuant to the Purchase Agreement or as payment-in-kind shares; (vii) altering or changing the rights, preferences or privileges of
the  Series  B  Preferred  Stock  so  as  to  affect  adversely  the  shares  of  such  series;  or  (viii)  amending  or  waiving  any  provision  of  the  Company’s  Articles  of
Incorporation  or  Bylaws  relative  to  the  Series  B  Preferred  Stock  so  as  to  affect  adversely  the  shares  of  Series  B  Preferred  Stock  in  any  material  respect  as
compared  to  holders  of  other  series,  in  each  case  without  the  prior  written  consent  of  holders  of  Series  B  Preferred  Stock  holding  a  majority  of  the  then
outstanding shares of Series B Preferred Stock.

The Series B Preferred Stock (including accrued and unpaid dividends) is convertible into shares of the Company’s common stock at the holder’s option
at $3.10 per share (initially a one-for-one basis). If the Company’s common stock trades at or above $6.20 per share for a period of 20 consecutive trading days,
the Company may at such time force conversion of the Series B Preferred Stock (including accrued and unpaid dividends) into common stock of the Company.

The Series B Preferred Stock votes together with the common stock on an as-converted basis, provided that each holder’s voting rights are subject to and

limited by the Series B Beneficial Ownership Limitation described below.

The Company has the option to redeem the outstanding shares of Series B Preferred Stock at $3.10 per share, plus any accrued and unpaid dividends
on such Series B Preferred Stock redeemed, at any time beginning on June 24, 2017, and the Company is required to redeem the Series B Preferred Stock at
$3.10 per share, plus any accrued and unpaid dividends, on June 24, 2020.

The  Series  B  Preferred  Stock  contains  a  provision  prohibiting  the  conversion  of  such  Series  B  Preferred  Stock  into  common  stock  of  the  Company,  if
upon such conversion, the holder thereof would beneficially own more than 9.999% of the Company’s then outstanding common stock (the “Series  B  Beneficial
Ownership Limitation”). The Series B Beneficial Ownership Limitation does not apply to forced conversions undertaken by the Company pursuant to the terms of
the designation (summarized above).

Series B1 Preferred Stock

The  Series  B1  Preferred  Stock  is  subject  to  the  terms  and  conditions  and  has  the  rights  and  preferences  set  forth  in  the  Certificate  of  Designation  of
Vertex  Energy,  Inc.  Establishing  the  Designation,  Preferences,  Limitations  and  Relative  Rights  of  Its  Series  B1  Preferred  Stock  (the  “Series  B1  Designation”),
which was filed with the Secretary of State of Nevada on May 12, 2016. The Series B1 Preferred Stock accrues a dividend, payable quarterly in arrears (based
on  calendar  quarters),  in  the  amount  of  6%  per  annum  of  the  original  issuance  price  of  the  Series  B1  Preferred  Stock  ($1.56  per  share),  provided  that  such
dividend increases to 9% if the Consolidated Adjusted EBITDA (defined below) targets described below are not met during the periods indicated below during
2016-2017, until the earlier of (a) the date the next target is met, or (b) June 30, 2018. “Consolidated Adjusted EBITDA” means the Company’s operating income,
plus  (i)  share-based  compensation  expense,  (ii)  depreciation  and  amortization,  (iii)  goodwill  impairment  charges,  (iv)  acquisition  related  expenses,  (v)
nonrecurring restructuring charges, and (vi) other non-cash expenses or one-time items, all as calculated in accordance with United States generally accepted
accounting principles, as consistently applied by the Company.

The Consolidated Adjusted EBITDA targets are as follows:

Measurement Period

For the six months ending December 31, 2016

For the three months ending March 31, 2017

For the six months ending June 30, 2017

For the nine months ending September 30, 2017

For the twelve months ending December 31, 2017

Consolidated Adjusted EBITDA

Negative $1,000,000

$1,000,000

$3,500,000

$5,500,000

$7,500,000

The  Consolidated  Adjusted  EBITDA  targets  for  the  three  months  ended  March  31,  2017,  six  months  ended  June  30,  2017,  nine  months  ended

September 30, 2017 and twelve months ending December 31, 2017 were not met.

The dividend is payable by the Company, at the Company’s election, in registered common stock of the Company (if available) or cash, subject to the
terms of the Company’s senior loan documents. In the event dividends are paid in registered common stock of the Company, the number of shares payable will
be calculated by dividing (a) the accrued dividend by (b) 90% of the arithmetic average of the volume weighted average price (VWAP) of the Company’s common
stock for the 10 trading days immediately prior to the applicable date of determination (the “May 2016 Dividend Stock Payment Price ”). Notwithstanding the

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EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

 
 
 
 
foregoing, in no event may the Company pay dividends in common stock unless the applicable May 2016 Dividend Stock Payment Price is above $1.52. If the
Company is prohibited from paying, or chooses not to pay, the dividend in cash (due to contractual senior credit agreements or other restrictions) or is unable to
pay the dividend in registered common stock, the dividend will be paid in-kind in additional shares of Series B1 Preferred Stock shares based on a value of $1.56
per share.

The Series B1 Preferred Stock includes a liquidation preference (in the amount of $1.56 per share) which is junior to the Company’s Series A Preferred
Stock, ranks senior to the Company’s Series C Preferred Stock and ranks equally with the Series B Preferred Stock. The Series B1 Preferred Stock also ranks
junior to the Company’s credit facilities and other debt holders as provided in further detail in the Series B1 Designation.

The  Series  B1  Preferred  Stock  prohibits  us  from  (i)  increasing  or  decreasing  (other  than  by  redemption  or  conversion  (as  described  in  the  Series  B1
Designation)) the total number of authorized shares of Series B1 Preferred Stock (except to the extent required to issue payment-in-kind shares); (ii) re-issuing
any shares of Series B1 Preferred Stock converted or redeemed; (iii) creating, or authorizing the creation of, or issuing or obligating the Company to issue shares
of, any class or series of capital stock unless the same ranks junior to (and not pari passu with) the Series B1 Preferred Stock with respect to the distribution of
assets  on  the  liquidation,  dissolution  or  winding  up  of  the  Company,  the  payment  of  dividends  and  rights  of  redemption,  or  increase  the  authorized  number  of
shares of any additional class or series of capital stock unless the same ranks junior to (and not pari passu with) the Series B1 Preferred Stock with respect to the
distribution of assets on the liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Company, the payment of dividends and rights of redemption; (iv) issuing, incurring or
obligating  the  Company  to  issue  or  incur  any  indebtedness  that  is  convertible  into,  or  exchangeable  for,  any  equity  security  of  the  Company  or  instruments
derivative of any equity security of the Company; (v) granting any rights to require a mandatory repurchase, retirement or redemption by the Company of any of
the Company’s equity securities or instruments derivative of its equity securities on or prior to June 24, 2020, or issuing, incurring or obligating the Company to
issue or incur, any indebtedness with a maturity date on or prior to June 24, 2020, that is convertible into, or exchangeable for, equity securities or instruments
derivative of the Company’s equity securities; (vi) effecting an exchange, reclassification, or cancellation of all or a part of the Series B1 Preferred Stock (except
pursuant to the terms of the Series B1 Designation); (vii) effecting an exchange, or creating a right of exchange, of all or part of the shares of another class of
shares  into  shares  of  Series  B1  Preferred  Stock;  (viii)  issuing  any  shares  of  Series  B1  Preferred  Stock  other  than  pursuant  to  the  Purchase  Agreement  or  as
payment-in-kind shares; (ix) altering or changing the rights, preferences or privileges of the Series B1 Preferred Stock so as to affect adversely the shares of such
series; or (x) amending or waiving any provision of the Company’s Articles of Incorporation or Bylaws relative to the Series B1 Preferred Stock so as to affect
adversely the shares of Series B1 Preferred Stock in any material respect as compared to holders of other series, in each case without the prior written consent
of holders of Series B1 Preferred Stock holding a majority of the then outstanding shares of Series B1 Preferred Stock.

The Series B1 Preferred Stock (including accrued and unpaid dividends) is convertible into shares of the Company’s common stock at the holder’s option
at any time after closing on a one-for-one basis. If the Company’s common stock trades at or above $3.90 per share for a period of 20 consecutive trading days
at any time, the Company may at such time force conversion of the Series B1 Preferred Stock (including accrued and unpaid dividends) into common stock of the
Company.

The Series B1 Preferred Stock votes together with the common stock on an as-converted basis, provided that each holder’s voting rights are subject to

and limited by the Series B1 Beneficial Ownership Limitation described below.

The Company has the option to redeem the outstanding shares of Series B1 Preferred Stock at $1.72 per share, plus any accrued and unpaid dividends
on  such  Series  B1  Preferred  Stock  redeemed,  at  any  time  beginning  on  June  20,  2017  (the  two  year  anniversary  of  the  closing  of  the  Company’s  June  2015
offering of Series B Preferred Stock) and the Company is required to redeem the Series B1 Preferred Stock at $1.56 per share, plus any accrued and unpaid
dividends on June 24, 2020 (the five year anniversary of the closing of the Company’s June 2015 offering of Series B Preferred Stock).

The Series B1 Preferred Stock contains a provision prohibiting the conversion of the Series B1 Preferred Stock into common stock of the Company, if
upon  such  conversion  or  exercise,  as  applicable,  the  holder  thereof  would  beneficially  own  more  than  9.999%  (provided  that  certain  holders  of  the  Series  B1
Preferred Stock have contractually agreed to a lower conversion limit of 4.999%) of the Company’s then outstanding common stock (the “Series  B1  Beneficial
Ownership Limitation”). The Series B1 Beneficial Ownership Limitation does not apply to forced conversions undertaken by the Company pursuant to the terms of
the Series B1 Designation (summarized above).

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EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

 
 
 
 
 
Series C Convertible Preferred Stock

The Series C Preferred Stock does not accrue a dividend, but has participation rights on an as-converted basis, to any dividends paid on the Company’s
common stock (other than dividends paid solely in common stock). Each Series C Preferred Stock share has a $100 face value, and a liquidation preference (in
the  amount  of  $100  per  share)  which  is  junior  to  the  Company’s  other  outstanding  shares  of  preferred  stock,  senior  credit  facilities  and  other  debt  holders  as
provided in further detail in the designation, but senior to the common stock.

The Series C Preferred Stock is convertible into shares of the Company’s common stock at the holder’s option at any time at $1.00 per share (initially a
100:1  basis  (subject  to  adjustments  for  stock  splits  and  recapitalizations)).  The  Series  C  Preferred  Stock  votes  together  with  the  common  stock  on  an  as-
converted basis, provided that each holder’s voting rights are subject to and limited by the Series C Beneficial Ownership Limitation described below and provided
further that notwithstanding any of the foregoing, solely for purposes of determining the Voting Rights, the Voting Rights accorded to such Series C Convertible
Preferred  Stock  will  be  determined as  if  converted  at  $1.05  per  share  ( the  market  value  of  the  common  stock  as  of  the  close  of  trading  on  the  day  prior  to
the original issuance date of the Series C Preferred Stock), and subject to equitable adjustment as discussed in the designation . There are no redemption rights
associated with the Series C Preferred Stock.

The Series C Preferred Stock contains a provision prohibiting the conversion of the Series C Preferred Stock into common stock of the Company, if upon
such conversion or exercise, as applicable, the holder thereof would beneficially own more than 4.999% of the Company’s then outstanding common stock (the
“Series C Beneficial Ownership Limitation”). The Series C Beneficial Ownership Limitation may be increased up and down on a per holder basis, with 61 days
prior written notice from any holder, provided the Series C Beneficial Ownership Limitation may never be higher than 9.999%.

So long as any shares of Series C Preferred Stock are outstanding, we are prohibited from undertaking any of the following without first obtaining the
approval of the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of Series C Preferred Stock: (a) increasing or decreasing (other than by redemption or conversion)
the total number of authorized shares of Series C Preferred Stock; (b) re-issuing any shares of Series C Preferred Stock converted; (c) creating, or authorizing
the creation of, or issuing or obligating the Company to issue shares of, any class or series of capital stock unless the same ranks junior to (and not pari passu
with)  the  Series  C  Preferred  Stock  with  respect  to  the  distribution  of  assets  on  the  liquidation,  dissolution  or  winding  up  of  the  Company,  or  increasing  the
authorized number of shares of any additional class or series of capital stock unless the same ranks junior to (and not pari passu with) the Series C Preferred
Stock  with  respect  to  the  distribution  of  assets  on  the  liquidation,  dissolution  or  winding  up  of  the  Company;  (d)  effecting  an  exchange,  reclassification,  or
cancellation of all or a part of the Series C Preferred Stock (except pursuant to the terms of the designation); (e) effecting an exchange, or creating a right of
exchange, of all or part of the shares of another class of shares into shares of Series C Preferred Stock (except pursuant to the terms of the designation); (f)
issuing any additional shares of Series C Preferred Stock; (g) altering or changing the rights, preferences or privileges of the shares of Series C Preferred Stock
so as to affect adversely the shares of such series; or (h) amending or waiving any provision of the Company’s Articles of Incorporation or Bylaws relative to the
Series  C  Preferred  Stock  so  as  to  affect  adversely  the  shares  of  Series  C  Preferred  Stock  in  any  material  respect  as  compared  to  holders  of  other  series  of
shares.

Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities

The below includes information on recent sales of unregistered securities during the three months ended December 31, 2017 and from the period from
January 1, 2018 to the filing date of this report, and does not include information which has previously has been included in a Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q or
in a Current Report on Form 8-K:

For the period from October 1, 2017 to December 31, 2017, a total of approximately $139,186 of dividends accrued on our outstanding Series B Preferred
Stock  and  for  the  period  from  October  1,  2017  to  December  31,  2017,  a  total  of  approximately  $281,527  of  dividends  accrued  on  our  outstanding  Series  B1
Preferred Stock. We chose to pay such dividends in-kind by way of the issuance of 51,419 restricted shares of Series B Preferred Stock pro rata to each of the
then holders of our Series B Preferred Stock in January 2018 and the issuance of 295,927 restricted shares of Series B1 Preferred Stock pro rata to each of the
then  holders  of  our  Series  B1  Preferred  Stock  in  January  2018.  If  converted  in  full,  the  51,419  shares  of  Series  B  Preferred  Stock  would  convert  into  51,419
shares of common stock and the 295,927 shares of Series B1 Preferred Stock would convert into 295,927 shares of common stock. As the issuance of the Series
B  Preferred  Stock  and  Series  B1  Preferred  Stock  in-kind  in  satisfaction  of  the  dividends  did  not  involve  a  “sale”  of  securities  under  Section  2(a)(3)  of  the
Securities  Act,  we  believe  that  no  registration  of  such  securities,  or  exemption  from  registration  for  such  securities,  was  required  under  the  Securities  Act.
Notwithstanding the above, to the extent such shares are deemed “sold or offered”, we claim an exemption from registration pursuant to Section 4(a)(2) and/or
Rule 506 of Regulation D of the Securities Act, since the transaction did not involve a public offering, the recipients were “accredited investors”, and acquired the
securities for investment only and not with a view towards, or for resale in connection with, the public

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EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

sale or distribution thereof. The securities are subject to transfer restrictions, and the certificates evidencing the securities contain an appropriate legend stating
that such securities have not been registered under the Securities Act and may not be offered or sold absent registration or pursuant to an exemption therefrom.
The  securities  were  not  registered  under  the  Securities  Act  and  such  securities  may  not  be  offered  or  sold  in  the  United  States  absent  registration  or  an
exemption from registration under the Securities Act and any applicable state securities laws.

On October 20, 2017, the Company issued 3,041 shares of common stock in connection with the conversion of 3,041 shares of our Series A Convertible

Preferred Stock.

We claim an exemption from registration provided by Section 3(a)(9) of the Securities Act for such issuances, as the securities were exchanged by us
with our existing security holders in a transaction where no commission or other remuneration was paid or given directly or indirectly for soliciting such exchange.

In  January  2018,  a  holder  of  our  Series  B1  Convertible  Preferred  Stock  converted  500,000  shares  of  our  Series  B1  Convertible  Preferred  Stock  into

500,000 shares of our common stock.

As of the date of this filing, there were 453,567 outstanding shares of Series A Preferred Stock, which if converted in full, could be converted into 453,567
shares  of  common  stock;  3,479,016  outstanding  shares  of  Series  B  Preferred  Stock,  which  if  converted  in  full,  could  be  converted  into  3,479,016  shares  of
common stock; 12,947,916 outstanding shares of Series B1 Preferred Stock, which if converted in full, could be converted into 12,947,916 shares of common
stock; and 31,568 outstanding shares of Series C Preferred Stock, which if converted in full, could be converted into 3,156,800 shares of common stock.

Use of Proceeds From Sale of Registered Securities

None.

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

None.

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EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

Item 6. Selected Financial Data

Our  selected  consolidated  financial  data  shown  below  should  be  read  together  with  “Part  II”  -  “Item  7.  Management’s  Discussion  and  Analysis  of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and our consolidated financial statements and respective notes included in “ Part II” - “Item 8. Financial Statements
and Supplementary Data”. The data shown below is not necessarily indicative of results to be expected for any future period.

Statement of Operations Data:

Revenues
Income (loss) from operations
Basic net income (loss) per share

Diluted net income (loss) per share
Weighted average number of basic common
shares outstanding
Weighted average number of diluted common
shares outstanding

Consolidated Balance Sheet Data
Cash and cash equivalents
Working capital (deficit)

Total assets
Long-term obligations
Total liabilities
Total temporary equity
Total stockholders’ equity

2017

2016

2015

2014

2013

Years Ended December 31,

145,499,092   $
(6,223,087)   $
(0.36)   $

98,078,914   $
(10,112,514)   $
(0.51)   $

146,942,461   $
(14,093,041)   $
(0.86)   $

258,904,867   $
(10,494,621)   $
(0.23)   $

161,967,252
7,051,203
0.44

(0.36)   $

(0.51)   $

(0.86)   $

(0.23)   $

0.39

32,653,402  

30,520,820  

28,181,096  

23,807,780  

17,830,194

32,653,402  

30,520,820  

28,181,096  

23,807,780  

20,182,829

2017

2016

2015

2014

2013

Years Ended December 31,

1,105,787   $
3,523,548   $

84,305,474   $
16,013,267   $
32,961,171   $
22,959,945   $
28,384,358   $

1,701,435   $
(1,268,192)   $

86,985,968   $
6,214,103   $
28,667,747   $
19,604,255   $
38,713,966   $

765,364   $
(10,498,637)   $

93,644,816   $
7,088,263   $
40,753,674   $
11,955,207   $
40,935,935   $

6,017,076   $
(29,327,453)   $

133,822,231   $
12,125,574   $
75,202,259   $
—   $
58,619,972   $

2,678,628
8,042,589

64,546,356
10,157,101
26,210,133
—
38,336,223

$
$
$

$

$
$

$
$
$
$
$

The key operational issue contributing to the differences between 2017 and 2016 was the steady rise of commodity prices. This resulted in lower 2016
revenues and cost of goods sold without a corresponding decrease in our fixed costs. Other operating differences between 2017 and 2016, were the sale of the
Bango assets during the first quarter of 2016. In addition, we processed fewer barrels due to the fire that occurred at our Heartland Refinery during the second
quarter of 2016.

See "Note 15, Disposition", in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in “ Part II. Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data”  of
this Annual Report on Form 10-K for a full description of a disposition which affected the comparability of the selected financial data, which is incorporated herein
by reference.

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EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
   
Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Strategy and Plan of Operations

The Principal elements of our strategy include:

•

•

•

•

Expand Feedstock Supply Volume.   We intend to expand our feedstock supply volume by growing our collection and aggregation operations.  We plan to
increase  the  volume  of  feedstock  we  collect  directly  by  developing  new  relationships  with  generators  and  working  to  displace  incumbent  collectors;
increasing  the  number  of  collection  personnel,  vehicles,  equipment,  and  geographical  areas  we  serve;  and  acquiring  collectors  in  new  or  existing
territories.    We  intend  to  increase  the  volume  of  feedstock  we  aggregate  from  third-party  collectors  by  expanding  our  existing  relationships  and
developing  new  vendor  relationships.    We  believe  that  our  ability  to  acquire  large  feedstock  volumes  will  help  to  cultivate  new  vendor  relationships
because collectors often prefer to work with a single, reliable customer rather than manage multiple relationships and the uncertainty of excess inventory.

Broaden  Existing  Customer  Relationships  and  Secure  New  Large  Accounts .    We  intend  to  broaden  our  existing  customer  relationships  by  increasing
sales  of  used  motor  oil  and  re-refined  products  to  these  accounts.  In  some  cases,  we  may  also  seek  to  serve  as  our  customers’  primary  or  exclusive
supplier.  We also believe that as we increase our supply of feedstock and re-refined products that we will secure larger customer accounts that require a
partner who can consistently deliver high volumes.

Re-Refine  Higher  Value  End  Products.     We  intend  to  develop,  lease,  or  acquire  technologies  to  re-refine  our  feedstock  supply  into  higher-value  end
products.    We  believe  that  the  expansion  of  our  facilities  and  our  technology,  and  investments  in  additional  technologies,  will  enable  us  to  upgrade
feedstock into end products, such as lubricating base oil, that command higher market prices than the current re-refined products we produce.

Pursue Selective Strategic Relationships or Acquisitions.     We  plan  to  grow  market  share  by  consolidating  feedstock  supply  through  partnering  with  or
acquiring collection and aggregation assets.  Such acquisitions and/or partnerships could increase our revenue and provide better control over the quality
and quantity of feedstock available for resale and/or upgrading as well as providing additional locations for the implementation of TCEP, if we deem such
commercially reasonable.  In addition, we intend to pursue further vertical integration opportunities by acquiring complementary recycling and processing
technologies  where  we  can  realize  synergies  by  leveraging  our  customer  and  vendor  relationships,  infrastructure,  and  personnel,  and  by  eliminating
duplicative overhead costs.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Description of Material Financial Line Items:

Revenues

We generate revenues from three existing operating divisions as follows:

BLACK  OIL  -  Revenues  for  our  Black  Oil  division  are  comprised  primarily  of  product  sales  from  our  re-refineries  and  feedstock  sales  (used  motor  oil)
which are purchased from generators of used motor oil such as oil change shops and garages, as well as a network of local and regional suppliers.  Volumes are
consolidated for efficient delivery and then sold to third-party re-refiners and fuel oil blenders for the export market.  In addition, through used oil re-refining, we re-
refine used oil into different commodity products.  The Houston, Texas TCEP facility finished product is then sold by barge as a fuel oil cutterstock. Through the
operations  at  our  Marrero,  Louisiana  facility,  we  produce  a  Vacuum  Gas  Oil  (VGO)  product  from  used  oil  re-refining  which  is  then  sold  via  barge  to  crude
refineries to be utilized as an intermediate feedstock in the refining process. Through the operations at our Columbus, Ohio facility we produce a base oil finished
product which is then sold via truck or rail car to end users for blending, packaging and marketing of lubricants.

REFINING  AND  MARKETING  -  The  Refining  and  Marketing  division  generates  revenues  relating  to  the  sales  of  finished  products.  The  Refining  and
Marketing  division  gathers  hydrocarbon  streams  in  the  form  of  petroleum  distillates,  transmix  and  other  chemical  products  that  have  become  off-specification
during the transportation or refining process. These feedstock streams are purchased from pipeline operators, refineries, chemical processing facilities and third-
party  providers,  and  then  processed  at  a  third-party  facility  under  our  direction.  The  end  products  are  typically  three  distillate  petroleum  streams  (gasoline
blendstock, pygas and fuel oil cutterstock), which are sold to major oil companies or to large petroleum trading and blending companies. The end products are
delivered by barge and truck to customers.

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RECOVERY - The Recovery division is a generator solutions company for the proper recovery and management of hydrocarbon streams. This division
also provides dismantling, demolition, decommission and marine salvage services at industrial facilities. We own and operate a fleet of trucks and other vehicles
used for shipping and handling equipment and scrap materials.

Our revenues are affected by changes in various commodity prices including crude oil, natural gas, #6 oil and metals.

Cost of Revenues

BLACK  OIL  -  Cost  of  revenues  for  our  Black  Oil  division  are  comprised  primarily  of  feedstock  purchases  from  a  network  of  providers.  Other  cost  of
revenues  include  processing  costs,  transportation  costs,  purchasing  and  receiving  costs,  analytical  assessments,  brokerage  fees  and  commissions,  and
surveying and storage costs.

REFINING  AND  MARKETING  -  The  Refining  and  Marketing  division  incurs  cost  of  revenues  relating  to  the  purchase  of  feedstock,  purchasing  and
receiving costs, and inspection and processing of the feedstock into gasoline blendstock, pygas and fuel oil cutter by a third party. Cost of revenues also includes
broker’s fees, inspection and transportation costs.

RECOVERY  -  The  Recovery  division  incurs  cost  of  revenues  relating  to  the  purchase  of  hydrocarbon  products,  purchasing  and  receiving  costs,
inspection,  demolition  and  transporting  of  metals  and  other  salvage  and  materials. Cost  of  revenues  also  includes  broker’s  fees,  inspection  and  transportation
costs.

Our cost of revenues are affected by changes in various commodity indices, including crude oil, natural gas, #6 oil and metals. For example, if the price
for crude oil increases, the cost of solvent additives used in the production of blended oil products, and fuel cost for transportation cost from third party providers
will generally increase. Similarly, if the price of crude oil falls, these costs may also decline.

General and Administrative Expenses

Our general and administrative expenses consist primarily of salaries and other employee-related benefits for executive, administrative, legal, financial
and information technology personnel, as well as outsourced and professional services, rent, utilities, and related expenses at our headquarters, as well as certain
taxes. 

Depreciation and Amortization Expenses

Our depreciation and amortization expenses are primarily related to the property, plant and equipment and intangible assets acquired in connection with
the Vertex Holdings, L.P. (formerly Vertex Energy, L.P.), a Texas limited partnership (“Holdings”), E-Source Holdings, LLC (“ E-Source”), Omega Refining, LLC's
(“Omega  Refining”)  and  Warren  Ohio  Holdings  Co.,  LLC,  f/k/a  Heartland  Group  Holdings,  LLC  (“ Heartland”),  Acadiana,  Nickco  and  Ygriega  acquisitions,
described in greater detail above.

55

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RESULTS OF OPERATIONS FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED DECEMBER 31,  2017 COMPARED TO THE THREE MONTHS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
2016

Set forth below are our results of operations for the three months ended December 31,  2017, as compared to the same period in  2016.

Revenues

$

41,345,248   $

31,055,936   $

10,289,312  

Three Months Ended December 31,

2017

2016

$ Change

% Change

Cost of revenues

Gross profit (loss)

32,814,269  

25,758,117  

7,056,152  

8,530,979  

5,297,819  

3,233,160  

Selling, general and administrative expenses

5,405,047  

4,804,400  

600,647  

Depreciation and amortization

1,700,413  

1,634,271  

66,142  

Total selling, general and administrative
expenses

7,105,460  

6,438,671  

666,789  

Income (loss) from operations

1,425,519  

(1,140,852)  

2,566,371  

Interest Income
Gain (loss) on sale of assets
Loss on change in derivative liability
Loss on futures liability
Interest Expense

Total other expense

—  
14,251  
(556,318)  
(548,176)  
(794,668)  

1,522  
(1,323)  
(674,309)  
(196,560)  
(373,900)  

(1,884,911)  

(1,244,570)  

(1,522)  
15,574  
117,991  
(351,616)  
(420,768)  

(640,341)  

Loss before income tax

(459,392)  

(2,385,422)  

1,926,030  

Income tax benefit

274,423  

—  

274,423  

33 %

27 %

61 %

13 %

4 %

10 %

225 %

100 %
1,177 %
17 %
(179)%
(113)%

(51)%

81 %

— %

Net Income attributable to non-controlling
interest

Net income (loss) attributable to Vertex
Energy, Inc.

200,418  

13,372  

187,046  

1,399 %

$

(385,387)   $

(2,398,794)   $

2,013,407  

84 %

56

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Each of our segments' gross profit during the three months ended December 31,  2017 and 2016 were as follows:

Black Oil

     Total revenue
     Total cost of revenue

     Gross profit

Refining And Marketing

     Total revenue
     Total cost of revenue

     Gross profit

Recovery

     Total revenue
     Total cost of revenue

     Gross profit

Three Months Ended December 31,

2017

2016

$ Change

% Change

30,441,750   $
23,775,064  

6,666,686   $

23,757,821   $
19,123,192  

4,634,629   $

6,683,929  
4,651,872  

2,032,057  

Three Months Ended December 31,

2017

2016

$ Change

% Change

4,660,406   $
4,222,872  

437,534   $

3,168,730   $
2,893,913  

274,817   $

1,491,676  
1,328,959  

162,717  

Three Months Ended December 31,

2017

2016

$ Change

% Change

6,243,092   $
4,816,333  

1,426,759   $

4,129,385   $
3,741,012  

388,373   $

2,113,707  
1,075,321  

1,038,386  

28%
24%

44%

47%
46%

59%

51%
29%

267%

$

$

$

$

$

$

Total revenues increased 33% for the fourth quarter of  2017, compared to the same period in  2016, due primarily to higher commodity prices as well as
increased volumes of product produced during the fourth quarter 2017 at our Marrero and Heartland facilities compared to the same period in  2016. Total volume
decreased  1%;  however  gross  profit  increased  61%  for  the  three  months  ended  December  31, 2017  compared  to 2016.  Additionally,  our  per  barrel  margin
increased 62% relative to the three months ended December 31, 2016.  The majority of this increase was the result of the improvements in our finished product
pricing during the fourth quarter of 2017 which resulted in positive gross profit during this period. In our collection division we successfully maintained a charge for
services program. As a result of this program we currently have customers who are charged for each service performed and others who are charged a monthly
fee for as many services performed in that month. The combination of our fee structure change along with our increased third party supply we were able to make
progress in lowering our cost of feedstock during the fourth quarter.

Our Black Oil division’s volume increased approximately 4% during the three months ended December 31,  2017 compared to the same period in  2016.
This increase was due to the increase in production at our Marrero and Heartland facilities during the three months ended December 31, 2017.  Overall  volume
for the Refining and Marketing division increased 1% during the three month period ended December 31, 2017  as  compared  to  the  same  period  in  2016.  This
division experienced an increase in production of 7% for its gasoline blendstock for the three months ended December 31, 2017, compared to the same period in
2016. Our fuel oil cutter volumes were unchanged for the three months ended December 31,  2017, compared to the same period in  2016. Our pygas volumes
decreased 1% for the three months ended December 31, 2017 as compared to the same period in  2016.

During the three months ended December 31,  2017, our Refining and Marketing cost of revenues were $ 4,222,872 of which the processing costs for our
Refining  and  Marketing  business  located  at  KMTEX  were  $502,142. Revenues  for  the  same  period  were $4,660,406  while  gross  profit  from  operations  was
$437,534. During the three months ended December 31,  2016, our Refining and Marketing cost of revenues were $ 2,893,913,  which  included  the  processing
costs at KMTEX of $479,608. Revenues for the same period were $3,168,730, while gross profit from operations was  $274,817.

In addition, commodity prices increased approximately 29% for the three months ended December 31,  2017, compared to the same period in  2016.  The

average posting (U.S. Gulfcoast Residual Fuel No. 6 3%) for the three months ended December

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31, 2017 increased $11.76 per barrel from a three month average of $41.16 per barrel during the three months ended December 31,  2016 to $52.92 per barrel
during the three months ended December 31, 2017.

Overall gross profit increased 61% and our margin per barrel increased approximately 62% for the three months ended December 31,  2017, compared to
the same period in 2016.  This increase was a result of the overall increase in oil and gas prices and improvement in our finished product pricing as well as our
feedstock pricing, which is a result of various initiatives during the period pursuant to which we were able to lower our costs of procuring used motor oil during the
three months ended December 31, 2017. In our street collections and third party purchasing we were focused to lower the prices paid to generators and suppliers
for used motor oil during 2017. Additionally, our street collections operations maintained its charge for services model where we implemented service fees for the
handling  of  used  motor  oil,  the  managing  of  used  oil  filters,  and  various  other  services  performed  by  our  collection  division  during  the  second  half  of  2016
compared to this being a cost and us paying for these services to be done in prior periods.

We had selling, general and administrative expenses of $ 5,405,047 for the three months ended December 31,  2017, compared to $4,804,400  from  the
prior year's period, an increase of $600,647  or 13% from the prior period, due to an increase in overall administrative expenses related to the acquisitions that
were completed during the year which added additional payroll, insurance and various other administrative costs to the business.

We had a loss before income taxes of $ 459,392 for the three months ended December 31,  2017 compared to a loss before income taxes of $ 2,385,422

for the three months ended December 31, 2016. The decrease was due to an increase in revenues due to market conditions and commodity prices.

58

EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,  2017 COMPARED TO THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,

2016 

Revenues

Cost of revenues

Gross profit

Year Ended December 31,

2017

2016

$ Change

% Change

$

145,499,092

$

98,078,914

$

47,420,178

123,393,313

81,759,814

41,633,499

22,105,779

16,319,100

5,786,679

48 %

51 %

35 %

8 %

6 %

7 %

Selling, general and administrative expenses

21,685,542

20,154,399

1,531,143

Depreciation and amortization

6,643,324  

6,277,215  

366,109  

Total selling, general and administrative expenses

28,328,866

26,431,614

1,897,252

Loss from operations

Other Income (expense)

Other income

Gain on sale of assets
Gain on change in value of derivative liability
Loss on futures contracts
Interest expense

Total other income (expense)

(6,223,087)

(10,112,514)

3,889,427

38 %

5,748  

445

2,120,584  
(833,176)  

(3,483,062)

(2,189,461)

5,974  

9,631,712

49,876  
(548,380)  

(3,094,956)

6,044,226

(226)  

(9,631,267)
2,070,708  
(284,796)  
(388,106)

(8,233,687)

4 %

(100)%
4,152 %
(52)%
(13)%

(136)%

Loss before income tax

(8,412,548)

(4,068,288)

(4,344,260)

(107)%

Income tax benefit

Net Loss

274,423

117,646

156,777

133 %

(8,138,125)

(3,950,642)

(4,187,483)

(106)%

Net loss attributable to non-controlling interest

295,108

2,179

292,929

100 %

Net loss attributable to Vertex Energy, Inc.

$

(8,433,233)

$

(3,952,821)

$

(4,480,412)

(113)%

59

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Each of our segment’s gross profit during these periods was as follows:

Black Oil

Total revenue
Total cost of revenue

Gross profit

Refining And Marketing

Total revenue
Total cost of revenue

Gross profit

Recovery

Total revenue

Total cost of revenue

Gross profit

Year Ended December 31,

2017

2016

$ Change

% Change

$

$

$

$

$

$

107,988,551   $
90,324,195  

76,634,940   $
63,700,341  

31,353,611  
26,623,854  

17,664,356   $

12,934,599   $

4,729,757  

20,097,325   $
18,444,945  

13,154,777   $
10,772,867  

1,652,380   $

2,381,910   $

6,942,548  
7,672,078  

(729,530)  

17,413,216   $

8,289,197   $

14,624,173  

7,286,606  

2,789,043   $

1,002,591   $

9,124,019  

7,337,567  

1,786,452  

41 %
42 %

37 %

53 %
71 %

(31)%

110 %

101 %

178 %

Our  revenues  and  cost  of  revenues  are  significantly  impacted  by  fluctuations  in  commodity  prices;  increases  in  commodity  prices  typically  result  in
increases in revenue and cost of revenues. Our gross profit is to a large extent a function of the market discount we are able to obtain in purchasing feedstock, as
well as how efficiently management conducts operations.

Total  revenues  increased 48%  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2017,  compared  to  the  year  ended  December  31,  2016,  due  primarily  to  increased
volumes in addition to increases in finished product prices during the second half of the year. Additionally, the average posting (U.S. Gulfcoast Residual Fuel No.
6  3%)  for 2017 increased $14.82 per barrel from a  2016 average of $32.23 per barrel to an average of $47.05 per barrel during  2017. On average, prices we
received for our products increased 30% for the year ended December 31, 2017, compared to the year ended December 31,  2016.

Volume for our Black Oil division increased 13% during fiscal  2017  compared  to 2016. This volume increase is attributable to the increased amount of
product which was processed through our facilities in Columbus, Ohio and our Marrero, LA facility during the period ended December 31, 2017, as compared to
the  same  period  in 2016. Our per barrel margin in the Black Oil division increased approximately 21% for the year ended December 31,  2017  from  the  same
period  in 2016.  The  increase  in  margins  was  due  to  the  changes  made  in  our  street  collections  and  third  party  purchasing  in  connection  with  our  focus  on
lowering the prices paid to generators and suppliers for used motor oil during 2017. Additionally, our street collections operations changed to a charge for services
model  where  we  implemented  service  fees  for  the  handling  of  used  motor  oil,  the  managing  of  used  oil  filters,  and  various  other  services  performed  by  our
collection  division  during  the  second  half  of  2016.  As  volumes  and  production  increase  in  our  Black  Oil  division  it  often  takes  a  few  quarters  to  recognize
increased additional per barrel margin, this is because of the fact that when we move into a new geographic location it takes us a period of time before we are
able to realize and benefit from economies of scale. In addition we've seen improvement in our finished product quality as well as pricing.

Our Black Oil business, which includes our TCEP facility, the Marrero facility and the Heartland facility, generated revenues of $ 107,988,551 for the year
ended  December  31, 2017, with cost of revenues of $ 90,324,195,  producing  a  gross  profit o f $17,664,356.  During  the  year  ended  December  31,  2016,  these
revenues were $76,634,940 with cost of revenues of $63,700,341, producing a gross profit of $ 12,934,599. Gross profit increased for the year ended December
31, 2017,  compared  to 2016,  as  a  result  of  increased  finished  product  values  through  our  various  facilities  and  the  implementation  of  charges  for  services  as
previously discussed.

Total volume company-wide increased 14% during fiscal  2017 compared to 2016, and our per barrel margin increased approximately 19% for fiscal  2017,
compared  to 2016. This increase was a result of lower prices we paid for feedstock and charging for services through our street collections division, improved
efficiencies at our facilities in Columbus, Ohio and Marrero, Louisiana as well as the overall impact from the improvement in commodity markets during 2017.

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Our  Refining  and  Marketing  division  experienced  a  decrease  in  production  of  8%  for  its  fuel  oil  cutterstock  product  for  the  year  ended  December  31,
2017,  compared  to  the  same  period  in  2016,  and  our  fuel  oil  cutterstock  commodity  prices  increased  approximately  24%  over  the  same  period.  The  average
posting (U.S. Gulfcoast No. 2 Waterborne) during 2017 increased $12.43 per barrel from $51.00 per barrel for the year ended December 31, 2016 to $63.43 per
barrel for the year ended December 31, 2017.

Our pygas production increased 53% for the year ended December 31,  2017, compared to the same period in  2016 and commodity prices decreased

approximately 20% for our pygas finished product for 2017, compared to the same period in  2016.

Our gasoline blendstock volumes decreased 20% for the year ended December 31,  2017 as compared to 2016.  The average posting (U.S. Gulfcoast
Unleaded  87  Waterborne)  during 2017  increased  $0.27  per  gallon  from  $1.35  per  gallon  for  2016  to  $1.62  per  gallon  during  2017.  The  overall  increase  in
revenues associated with our Refining and Marketing division was due to increases in volumes as well as commodity prices for the year ended December 31,
2017.

Overall  volume  for  the  Refining  and  Marketing  division  increased  21%  during  the  year  ended  December  31,  2017,  compared  to  the  year  ended

December 31, 2016. Margins per barrel decreased in the Refining and Marketing division as a result of market conditions during the first half of 2017.

During  the  year  ended  December  31,  2017,  our  Refining  and  Marketing  cost  of  revenues  were  $ 18,444,945,  of  which  the  processing  costs  for  our
Refining and Marketing business located at KMTEX were $2,331,719. Revenues for the same period were $20,097,325 while gross profit from operations was
$1,652,380. During the year ended December 31,  2016, our Refining and Marketing cost of revenues were $ 10,772,867, which included the processing costs at
KMTEX of $1,992,433. Revenues for the same period were $13,154,777 while gross profit was  $2,381,910.

Our TCEP technology was not operated during the years ended December 31,  2017 and 2016 producing finished product due to market conditions. The
TCEP  process  is  currently  being  utilized  as  a  pre-treatment  for  the  Used  Motor  Oil  being  purchased  in  the  Texas  market  and  then  being  sent  to  our  Marrero,
Louisiana facility. We currently do not have an estimate as to when or if we may utilize this technology for the production of finished cutterstock in the future.

Our Recovery division includes the business operations of Vertex Recovery Management. Revenues for this division increased during  2017 as compared
to  the  same  period  in 2016.  This  division  periodically  participates  in  project  work  that  is  not  ongoing,  thus  we  expect  to  see  fluctuations  in  revenue  and  gross
profit from period to period. These projects are typically bid related and can take time to line out and get going; however we believe these are very good projects
for the Company and we anticipate more in the upcoming periods.

Prevailing prices of certain commodity products can significantly impact our revenues and cash flows. As noted above the revenue variances from fiscal

2016 to 2017 were largely impacted due to the changes in commodity pricing between the two periods as detailed below.

The following table sets forth the high and low spot prices during 2017 for our key benchmarks.

2017

Benchmark

High

Date

Low

Date

U.S. Gulfcoast No. 2 Waterborne (dollars per gallon)

U.S. Gulfcoast Unleaded 87 Waterborne (dollars per
gallon)

  $

  $

U.S. Gulfcoast Residual Fuel No. 6 3% (dollars per barrel)

  $

NYMEX Crude Oil (dollars per barrel)
Reported in Platt's US Marketscan (Gulf Coast)

  $

1.89  

2.06  

57.37  

60.42  

December 29   $

1.22  

August 31   $

November 6   $

December 29   $

1.41  

39.42  

42.53  

June 23

June 22

June 21

June 21

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The following table sets forth the high and low spot prices during 2016 for our key benchmarks.

2016

Benchmark

High

Date

Low

Date

U.S. Gulfcoast No. 2 Waterborne (dollars per gallon)

U.S. Gulfcoast Unleaded 87 Waterborne (dollars per
gallon)

  $

  $

U.S. Gulfcoast Residual Fuel No. 6 3% (dollars per barrel)

  $

NYMEX Crude Oil (Dollars per barrel)
Reported in Platt's US Marketscan (Gulf Coast)

  $

1.55  

1.73  

47.50  

54.06  

December 30   $

0.78  

December 29   $

December 30   $

December 28   $

0.89  

16.24  

26.21  

January 20

February 9

January 19

February 9

We saw on average a fairly stable market in each of the benchmark commodities we track during  2017 and 2016. During the first half of 2016 and 2017,
the commodity markets experienced a steady increase due to overall global economic conditions mostly related to supply and demand for the products we track,
and their improvement throughout the second half of 2016.

Our margins are a function of the difference between what we are able to pay for raw materials and the market prices for the range of products produced.
The various petroleum products produced are typically a function of Crude Oil indices and are quoted on multiple exchanges such as the New York Mercantile
Exchange  (“NYMEX”).    These  prices  are  determined  by  a  global  market  and  can  be  influenced  by  many  factors,  including  but  not  limited  to  supply/demand,
weather,  politics,  and  global/regional  inventory  levels.  As  such,  we  cannot  provide  any  assurances  regarding  results  of  operations  for  any  future  periods,  as
numerous factors outside of our control affect the prices paid for raw materials and the prices (for the most part keyed to the NYMEX) that can be charged for
such  products.  Additionally,  for  the  near  term,  results  of  operations  will  be  subject  to  further  uncertainty,  as  the  global  markets  and  exchanges,  including  the
NYMEX, continue to experience volatility.

Gross profit increased 35% to $22,105,779 for the year ended December 31,  2017 from $16,319,100 for the year ended December 31,  2016,  primarily
due to changes made to our business specifically around our street collections of used motor oil where we are now charging for our services of collecting used
motor oil and filters versus paying in prior years, and the improvement in commodity prices during 2017.

We had selling, general and administrative expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) of $ 21,685,542 for the year ended December 31,  2017,
compared to $20,154,399 for the prior year’s period, an increase of $ 1,531,143 or 8% from the prior period, due to an increase in additional selling, general and
administrative expenses incurred in connection with new acquisitions.

We had total other expense of $ 2,189,461  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2017,  compared  to  total  other  income  of $6,044,226  for  the  year  ended
December 31, 2016. The main reason for the change in other income during 2017 was a one-time gain on sale of assets of $9,631,712 relating to the sale of the
Bango facility in January 2016. We also had $2,120,584 and $ 49,876 of gain on change in value of derivative liability for the years ended December 31,  2017 and
2016,  respectively,  in  connection  with certain  warrants  granted  in  June  2015  and  May  2016,  as  described  in  greater  detail  in  "Note  14.  Preferred  Stock  and
Temporary Equity" to the consolidated financial statements included herein under " Part II"-"Item 8- Financial Statements and Supplementary Data" .

We had a loss on futures contracts of $ 833,176 for the year ended December 31,  2017 compared to a loss on futures contracts of $ 548,380 for the year
ended December 31, 2016. We use futures contracts to offset the effects of the market value changes in our hedged items, as well as to avoid significant volatility
that might arise due to market exposure.

We had a loss before income taxes of $ 8,412,548 for the year ended December 31,  2017 compared to a loss before income taxes of $ 4,068,288 for the
year ended December 31, 2016,  a  107% increase.  The increase in net loss before taxes was largely due to the gain on sale of assets we had during the year
ended 2016.

We had an income tax benefit of $ 274,423 during the 12 month period ended December 31,  2017, compared to an income tax benefit of $ 117,646 during

the 12 month period ended December 31, 2016.

We had a net loss of $ 8,433,233 for the year ended December 31,  2017 compared to a net loss of $ 3,952,821 for the year ended December 31,  2016, an

increase in net loss of $4,480,412 or 113% from the prior period for the reasons described above.

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Revenues

Cost of revenues

Gross profit

Selling, general and administrative
expenses

Depreciation and amortization

Total selling, general and administrative
expenses

Income (loss) from operations

Other income (expense)

Goodwill Impairment

Interest income

Gain(loss) Asset Sales

Gain on change in value of derivative
liability

Gain on futures contracts

Interest expense

Total other income (expense)

Our  revenues  and  cost  of  revenues  are  significantly  impacted  by  fluctuations  in  commodity  prices;  decreases  in  commodity  prices  typically  result  in
decreases in revenue and cost of revenues.  Our gross profit is to a large extent a function of the market discount we are able to obtain in purchasing feedstock,
as well as how efficiently management conducts operations.

Set forth below, we have disclosed a quarter-by-quarter summary of our statements of operations and statements of operations by segment information

for the quarters ended December 31, September 30, June 30, and March 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

Statements of Operations by Quarter

Fiscal 2017

Fiscal 2016

Fourth

Quarter

Third

Quarter

Second

Quarter

First

Quarter

Fourth

Quarter

Third

Quarter

Second

Quarter

First

Quarter

$

41,345,248

  $

32,470,451

  $

32,814,269

28,390,891

8,530,979

4,079,560

36,912,779   $
31,486,599  
5,426,180  

34,770,614   $
30,701,554  
4,069,060  

31,055,936   $
25,758,117  
5,297,819  

28,461,930   $
22,462,171  
5,999,759  

24,428,444   $
19,168,398  
5,260,046  

14,132,604

14,371,128

(238,524)

5,405,047

1,700,413

7,105,460

1,425,519

5,690,761

1,697,821

7,388,582

(3,309,022)

5,359,897  
1,645,030  

5,229,837  
1,600,060  

4,804,400  
1,634,271  

5,025,221  
1,560,562  

4,714,558  
1,553,655  

5,545,363

1,593,584

7,004,927  
(1,578,747)  

6,829,897  
(2,760,837)  

6,438,671  
(1,140,852)  

6,585,783  
(586,024)  

6,268,213  
(1,008,167)  

7,138,947

(7,377,471)

—  
—  
14,251  

—  

1,519

25,693  

(556,318)

(548,176)

(794,668)

(1,884,911)

1,371,461

(305,570)

(733,459)

359,644

—  
2,277  
(26,399)  

384,769  

20,570  
(618,448)  
(237,231)  

—  
1,952  
(13,100)  

—  
1,522  
(1,323)  

—  
1,490  
(68,799)  

—  
2,486  
—  

—

476

9,701,834

920,672  

(674,309)  

1,065,217  

1,645,288  

(1,986,320)

—  
(1,336,487)  
(426,963)  

(196,560)  
(373,900)  
(1,244,570)  

(90,061)  
(399,545)  
508,302  

(77,722)  
—  
(77,722)  

(317,675)  
(406,019)  
924,080  

(84,087)  
—  
(84,087)  

55,916

(1,915,492)

5,856,414

(1,521,057)

117,646

(1,403,411)

Income (loss) before income taxes

(459,392)

(2,949,378)

Income tax benefit (expense)

274,423

—  

Net income (loss)

(184,969)

(2,949,378)

(1,815,978)  
—  
(1,815,978)  

(3,187,800)  
—  
(3,187,800)  

(2,385,422)  
—  
(2,385,422)  

Net income (loss)attributable to non-
controlling interest

Net income (loss)attributable to Vertex
Energy, Inc.

Number of weighted average common
shares outstanding

Basic

Diluted

200,418

34,554  

51,528  

8,607  

13,372  

30,234  

(41,427)  

—

$

(385,387)

  $

(2,983,932)

  $

(1,867,506)   $

(3,196,407)   $

(2,398,794)   $

(107,956)   $

(42,660)   $

(1,403,411)

32,657,680

32,655,135

32,350,218  

32,953,812  

32,414,943  

30,576,485  

29,765,702  

29,304,722

32,657,680

32,655,135

32,350,218  

32,953,812  

32,414,943  

30,576,485  

29,765,702  

29,304,722

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Statements of Operations by Quarters

Fiscal 2017

Fiscal 2016

Fourth

Quarter

Third

Quarter

Second

Quarter

First

Quarter

Fourth

Quarter

Third

Quarter

Second

Quarter

First

Quarter

$

$

$

$

$

$

30,441,750

  $

25,358,317

  $

23,775,064

21,711,255

6,666,686

  $

3,647,062

  $

27,384,402   $
22,968,299  
4,416,103   $

24,804,083   $
21,869,577  
2,934,506   $

23,757,821   $
19,123,192  
4,634,629   $

22,907,235   $
17,817,032  
5,090,203   $

19,836,390   $
15,557,879  
4,278,511   $

10,133,494

11,202,238

(1,068,744)

4,660,406

  $

4,856,520

  $

4,222,872

4,850,354

5,186,358   $
4,724,103  

5,394,041   $
4,647,616  

3,168,730   $
2,893,913  

4,436,111   $
3,610,051  

2,923,481   $
2,169,238  

2,626,455

2,099,665

437,534

  $

6,166

  $

462,255   $

746,425   $

274,817   $

826,060   $

754,243   $

526,790

6,243,092

  $

2,255,614

  $

4,342,019   $

4,572,490   $

4,129,385   $

1,118,584   $

1,668,573   $

1,372,655

4,816,333

1,829,282

3,794,197  

4,184,361  

3,741,012  

1,035,088  

1,441,281  

1,069,225

1,426,759

  $

426,332

  $

547,822   $

388,129   $

388,373   $

83,496   $

227,292   $

303,430

Black Oil

Revenues

Cost of revenues

Gross profit

Refining & Marketing

Revenues

Cost of revenues

Gross profit

Recovery

Revenues

Cost of revenues

Gross profit

The below graph charts our total quarterly revenue over time from March 31,  2016 to December 31, 2017:

Liquidity and Capital Resources

The success of our current business operations has become more dependent on repairs, and maintenance to our facilities and our ability to make routine

capital expenditures. We also must maintain relationships with feedstock suppliers and end product customers, and operate with efficient management of
overhead costs. Through these relationships, we have historically been able to achieve volume discounts in the procurement of our feedstock, thereby increasing
the margins of our divisions' operations.  The resulting operating cash flow is crucial to the viability and growth of our existing business lines.

We had total assets of  $84,305,474 as of December 31,  2017 compared to $86,985,968 at December 31, 2016.  This decrease was mainly due to
depreciation and amortization expense, and cash used in operations.  Total current assets as of December 31, 2017 of $20,471,452 include cash and cash
equivalents of $1,105,787, accounts receivable, net, of $ 11,288,991, inventory of $ 6,304,842 and prepaid expenses of $ 1,771,832.  Total current assets as of
December 31, 2016 of $21,185,452 include cash and cash equivalents of  $1,701,435, accounts receivable, net, of $ 10,952,219, inventory of $ 4,357,958 and
prepaid expenses of $2,669,117.Long term assets during December 31,  2017 consisted of fixed assets, net, of $ 48,619,828, a net

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intangible asset in the amount of $ 14,499,354 which primarily represents the value of the Company’s patents, other assets of $ 440,417, and $274,423 of
deferred tax asset. Long term assets during December 31, 2016 consisted of fixed assets, net, of $ 50,029,934, a net intangible asset in the amount of
$15,252,332 which primarily represents the value of the Company’s patents, other assets of $ 518,250. Net fixed assets decreased $1,411,106 as a result of
accumulated depreciation in the normal course of business and assets acquisitions during the year as compared to 2016.

Our cash, accounts receivable, inventory and  accounts payable fluctuate and are somewhat tied to one another based on the timing of our inventory

cycles and sales.

We had total current liabilities of $ 16,947,904 as of December 31,  2017, compared to $22,453,644 at December 31, 2016. This decrease was largely due

to the decrease in the current portion of long-term debt during the year ended December 31, 2017. Accounts payable totaled  $10,318,738 as of December 31,
2017, compared to $9,440,696 as of December 31,  2016. The current portion of long-term debt including the revolving note, totaled  $6,208,453 as of December
31, 2017, compared to $12,375,321 as of December 31,  2016. The long-term portion of debt totaled $ 13,531,179 compared to $1,848,111, as of December 31,
2017, compared to 2016. We had $0 of current portion of capital lease liabilities as of December 31,  2017 compared to $133,153 as of December 31,  2016. The
refinancing of our debt is the main reason for the overall change.

We had total liabilities of $ 32,961,171 as of December 31,  2017, including current liabilities of $ 16,947,904 and long-term liabilities of $ 16,013,267, which

included $13,531,179 of long-term debt representing the term loan with Encina, and $ 2,245,408 of derivative liability related to warrants issued in connection with
our Series B and B1 Preferred Stock.

We had working capital of $ 3,523,548 as of December 31,  2017, compared to deficit working capital of $ 1,268,192 as of December 31,  2016. The

increase in working capital is mainly due to the decrease in current portion of long-term debt (as described above and in the notes to the financial statements).

Our future operating cash flows will vary based on a number of factors, many of which are beyond our control, including commodity prices, the cost of

recovered oil, and the ability to turn our inventory.  Other factors that have affected and are expected to continue to affect earnings and cash flow are
transportation, processing, and storage costs.  Over the long term, our operating cash flows will also be impacted by our ability to effectively manage our
administrative and operating costs. Additionally, we may incur future capital expenditures related to new refining facilities. During the first quarter of 2016 our
Heartland facility experienced a fire at the re-refinery, this affected our cash flows during the first quarter and the second quarter as we worked to get this facility
back on-line. The Heartland facility became fully operational in May 2016.

As a result of the E-Source acquisition the Company assumed notes payable to Texas Citizens Bank, bearing interest at rates ranging from 6% to 6.35%

per annum, maturing from November 2015 to April 2020. The balance of the notes payable is $834,283 at December 31, 2017.

The  Company  financed  insurance  premiums  through  various  financial  institutions  bearing  interest  rates  from  4%  to  4.52%.  All  such  premium  finance

agreements have maturities of less than one year and have a balance of $803,392 at December 31, 2017.

On May 2, 2014, in connection with the closing of the Omega acquisition, the Company assumed two capital leases totaling $3,154,860. Payments made

since 2014 have reduced the balance to $0 at December 31, 2017.

Credit and Guaranty Agreement and Revolving Credit Facility with Encina Business Credit, LLC

Effective February 1, 2017, we, Vertex Operating, and substantially all of our other operating subsidiaries, other than E-Source, entered into a Credit
Agreement (the “EBC Credit Agreemen t”) with Encina Business Credit, LLC as agent (the “ Agent” or “EBC”) and Encina Business Credit SPV, LLC and CrowdOut
Capital LLC as lenders thereunder (the “EBC Lenders”). Pursuant to the EBC Credit Agreement, and the terms thereof, the EBC Lenders agreed to loan us up to
$20 million, provided that the amount outstanding under the EBC Credit Agreement at any time cannot exceed 50% of the value of the operating plant facilities
and related machinery and equipment owned by us (not including E-Source).

A total of $12 million was loaned to us by the EBC Lenders on February 1, 2017 pursuant to the terms of the EBC Credit Agreement, and a total of an
additional $8 million in funding could be requested by us from the EBC Lenders, from time to time, subject to the terms of the EBC Credit Agreement, and the
conditions for lending set forth therein, subject to a minimum of $500,000, or a multiple of $100,000 above such amount, being requested at any time.

Amounts borrowed under the EBC Credit Agreement bear interest at 12%, 13% or 14% per annum, based on the ratio of (a) (i) consolidated EBITDA for

such applicable period minus (ii) capital expenditures made during such period, minus (iii)

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the aggregate amount of income taxes paid in cash during such period (but not less than zero) to (b) the sum of (i) debt service charges plus (ii) the aggregate
amount of all dividend or other distributions paid on capital stock in cash for the most recently completed 12 month period (which ratio falls into one of the three
following tiers: less than 1 to 1; from 1 to 1 to less than 1.45 to 1; or equal to or greater than 1.45 to 1, which together with the value below, determines which
interest rate is applicable) and average availability under the Revolving Credit Agreement (defined below) (which falls into two tiers: less than $2.5 million and
greater than or equal to $2.5 million, which together with the calculation above, determines which interest rate is applicable), as described in greater detail in the
EBC Credit Agreement (increasing by 2% per annum upon the occurrence of an event of default). Interest on amounts borrowed under the EBC Credit Agreement
is payable by us in arrears, on the first business day of each month, beginning on the first business day of the first full month following the closing, together with
required $75,000 monthly principal repayments. We also have the right to make voluntary repayments of the amount owed under the EBC Credit Agreement in
amounts equal to or greater than $100,000, from time to time.

The EBC Credit Agreement terminates on February 1, 2020, on which date we are required to repay the outstanding balance owed thereunder and any

accrued and unpaid interest thereon.

We agreed to pay the agent certain fees in connection with the EBC Credit Agreement, including a fee equal to 0.5% of a portion of the undrawn portion

of the EBC Credit Agreement per annum (equal to $30,000 at closing) and a termination fee, in the event the EBC Credit Agreement terminates prior to the
maturity date thereof (or we reduce the amount available for loans thereunder), equal to 2% of the amount repaid (or the reduction in the amount available under
the EBC Credit Agreement). Notwithstanding the above, during the period beginning six months prior to the maturity date and ending on the maturity date, no
early termination fee is due if we provide prior written notice to the agent at least ninety (90) days prior
to the applicable termination date.

The amounts borrowed under the EBC Credit Agreement are guaranteed by us and our subsidiaries, other than E-Source, pursuant to a Guaranty and

Security Agreement (the “Guaranty and Security Agreement ”), whereby we also pledged substantially all of our assets and all of the securities of our subsidiaries
(other than E-Source) as collateral securing the amount due under the terms of the EBC Credit Agreement. We also provided EBC mortgages on our Marrero,
Louisiana, and Columbus, Ohio facilities to secure the repayment of outstanding amounts and agreed to provide mortgages on certain other real property to be
delivered post-closing.

We agreed to use the proceeds raised under the EBC Credit Agreement for working capital, capital expenditures, general corporate purposes and to

refinance the Existing Credit Obligations (as defined below), and subject to the terms of the EBC Credit Agreement, to finance permitted acquisitions.

The EBC Credit Agreement contains customary representations, warranties and requirements for the Company to indemnify the EBC Lenders and their

affiliates. The EBC Credit Agreement also includes various covenants (positive and negative) binding upon the Company, including, prohibiting us from
undertaking acquisitions or dispositions unless they meet the criteria set forth in the EBC Credit Agreement, not incurring any capital expenditures in amount
exceeding $3 million in any fiscal year that the EBC Credit Agreement is in place, and requiring us to maintain at least $2.5 million of borrowing availability under
the Revolving Credit Agreement (defined below) in any 30 day period.

We are required to repay the amounts borrowed under the EBC Credit Agreement in the event we complete any disposition of assets or securities,

receive any funds in connection with any insurance proceeds, and/or upon the occurrence of certain other events, subject to certain exceptions described in the
EBC Credit Agreement. Additionally, commencing with the first full fiscal month after which the initial principal amount of the loans advanced under the EBC
Credit Agreement is equal to or greater than $17 million and for each fiscal quarter thereafter, we are required to prepay the amount due under the EBC Credit
Agreement in an amount equal to 50% of our cash flow, less principal payments (including voluntary repayments) made under the EBC Credit Agreement,
approved capital expenditures and certain other approved expenses.

The EBC Credit Agreement includes customary events of default for facilities of a similar nature and size as the EBC Credit Agreement, including if an
event of default occurs under any agreement evidencing $500,000 or more of indebtedness of the Company; we fail to make any payment when due under any
material agreement; subject to certain exceptions, any judgment is entered against the Company in an amount exceeding $500,000; and also provides that an
event of default occurs if a change in control of the Company occurs, which includes if (a) Benjamin P. Cowart, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer, Chairman
of the Board and largest shareholder and Chris Carlson, the Chief Financial Officer of the Company, cease to own and control legally and beneficially, collectively,
either directly or indirectly, equity securities in Vertex Energy, Inc., representing more than 15% of the combined voting power of all securities entitled to vote for
members of the board of directors or equivalent on a fully-diluted basis, (b) the acquisition of ownership, directly or indirectly, beneficially or of record, by any
person or group of securities representing more than 30% of the aggregate ordinary voting power represented by the

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issued and outstanding securities of Vertex Energy, Inc., or (c) during any period of 12 consecutive months, a majority of the members of the board of directors of
the Company cease to be composed of individuals (i) who were members of that board or equivalent governing body on the first day of such period, (ii) whose
election or nomination to that board or equivalent governing body was approved by individuals referred to in clause (i) above constituting at the time of such
election or nomination at least a majority of that board or equivalent governing body or (iii) whose election or nomination to that board or other equivalent
governing body was approved by individuals referred to in clauses (i) and (ii) above constituting at the time of such election or nomination at least a majority of
that board or equivalent governing body (collectively “Events of Default ”). An event of default under the Revolving Credit Agreement (defined below), is also an
event of default under the
EBC Credit Agreement.

Effective February 1, 2017, we, Vertex Operating and substantially all of our operating subsidiaries, other than E-Source, entered into a Revolving Credit

Agreement (the “Revolving Credit Agreement ”) with Encina Business Credit SPV, LLC as lender (“ Encina”) and EBC as the administrative agent. Pursuant to the
Revolving Credit Agreement, and the terms thereof, Encina agreed to loan us, on a revolving basis, up to $10 million, subject to the terms of the Revolving Credit
Agreement and certain lending ratios set forth therein, which provide that the amount outstanding thereunder cannot exceed an amount equal to the total of (a)
the lesser of (A) the value (as calculated in the Revolving Credit Agreement) of our inventory which are raw materials or finished goods that are merchantable and
readily saleable to the public in the ordinary course of our business (“EBC Eligible Inventory”), net of certain inventory reserves, multiplied by 85% of the
appraised value of EBC Eligible Inventory, or (B) the value (as calculated in the Revolving Credit Agreement) of EBC Eligible Inventory, net of certain inventory
reserves, multiplied by 65%, subject to a ceiling of $4 million, plus (b) the face amount of certain accounts receivables (net of certain reserves applicable thereto)
multiplied by 85% (subject to adjustment as provided in the Revolving Credit Agreement); minus (c) the then-current amount of certain reserves that the agent
may determine necessary for the Company to maintain.

Amounts borrowed under the Revolving Credit Agreement bear interest, subject to the terms of the Revolving Credit Agreement, at the one month LIBOR

interest rate then in effect, subject to a floor of 0.25% (which interest rate is currently approximately 0.78% per annum), plus an additional 6.50% per annum
(increasing by 2% per annum upon the occurrence of an event of default), provided that under certain circumstances amounts borrowed bear interest at the
higher of (a) the “prime rate”; (b) the Federal Funds Rate, plus 0.50%; and (c) the LIBOR Rate for a one month interest period, plus 1.00%). Interest on amounts
borrowed under the Revolving Credit Agreement is payable by us in arrears, on the first business day of each month, beginning on the first business day of the
first full month following the closing.

The Revolving Credit Agreement terminates on February 1, 2020, on which date we are required to repay the outstanding balance owed thereunder and

any accrued and unpaid interest thereon.

We agreed to pay the agent certain fees in connection with the Revolving Credit Agreement, including a commitment fee equal to 0.5% per annum,

multiplied by the actual daily amount by which the amount outstanding under the Revolving Credit Agreement is less than the $10 million aggregate commitment
thereunder during the immediately preceding quarter, payable monthly in arrears and a termination fee, in the event the Revolving Credit Agreement terminates
prior to the maturity date thereof (or we reduce the amount available for loans thereunder), equal to 2% of the aggregate commitment amount (or the reduction in
such amount) if terminated prior to the one year anniversary of our entry into the Revolving Credit Agreement, 1% of the aggregate commitment amount (or
reduction in such amount) if terminated between the one year anniversary and two year anniversary of our entry into the Revolving Credit Agreement and 0.5% of
the aggregate commitment amount (or reduction in such amount) if terminated after the two year anniversary of our entry into the Revolving Credit Agreement.
Notwithstanding the above, during the period beginning six months prior to the maturity date and ending on the maturity date, no early termination fee is due if we
provide prior written notice to the agent at least ninety (90) days prior to the applicable termination date.

We can request funds from time to time under the terms of the Revolving Credit Agreement, subject to us requesting a minimum of $500,000 ($100,000

upon certain events), or a multiple of $100,000 above such amount.

The amounts borrowed under the Revolving Credit Agreement are guaranteed by us and our subsidiaries other than E-Source pursuant to a separate

Guaranty and Security Agreement, similar to the EBC Credit Agreement, described in greater detail above. We also provided Encina mortgages on our Marrero,
Louisiana, and Columbus, Ohio facilities to secure the repayment of outstanding amounts.

We agreed to use the proceeds raised under the Revolving Credit Agreement for working capital, capital expenditures, general corporate purposes and to

refinance the Existing Credit Obligations (as defined below).

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The Revolving Credit Agreement contains customary representations, warranties and requirements for the Company to indemnify Encina and its affiliates.

The Revolving Credit Agreement also includes various covenants (positive and negative) binding upon the Company, including, prohibiting us from undertaking
acquisitions or dispositions unless they meet the criteria set forth in the Revolving Credit Agreement, not incurring any capital expenditures in amount exceeding
$3 million in any fiscal year that the Revolving Credit Agreement is in place, and requiring us to maintain at least $2.5 million of borrowing availability under the
Revolving Credit Agreement in any 30 day period.

We are required to repay the amounts borrowed under the Revolving Credit Agreement in the event we complete any disposition of assets or securities,

receive any funds in connection with any insurance proceeds, and/or in certain other events, subject to certain exceptions described in the Revolving Credit
Agreement.

The Revolving Credit Agreement includes customary events of default for facilities of a similar nature and size as the Revolving Credit Agreement,

including the same Events of Default as are described above under the description of the EBC Credit Agreement.

A total of $11,282,537 of the amount borrowed under the EBC Credit Agreement and Revolving Credit Agreement was used to repay amounts owed

under (a) the Restated Goldman Credit Agreement (defined and described in greater detail below under “Credit and Guaranty Agreement with Goldman Sachs
Bank USA”), (b) the MidCap Loan Agreement (defined below under “ MidCap Loan Agreement”); and (c) the Fox Note (defined below under “ Fox Note”)
(collectively, “Existing Credit Obligations ”), all of which have been repaid in full as of the date of this filing. Additionally, in connection with the repayment of such
obligations, the Restated Goldman Credit Agreement and Midcap Loan Agreement, and our right to borrow funds thereunder were terminated.

Amendments to Credit Agreements

On December 15, 2017, we and Vertex Operating, entered into (a) a First Amendment to Credit Agreement, with the agent, and lender; and (b) a Second

Amendment to the Revolving Credit Agreement, with the agent, and the lenders (collectively, the “Credit Agreement Amendments ”).

The Credit Agreement Amendments amended the Credit Agreements to decrease the required minimum availability under the Credit Agreements to $1.5

million for periods prior to December 31, 2017 (effective as of November 5, 2017) and $2.5 million thereafter. Previously the Company was required to maintain
minimum availability of at least $2.5 million at all times.

Credit and Guaranty Agreement with Goldman Sachs Bank USA

On May 2, 2014, the Company entered into a Credit and Guaranty Agreement (as amended from time to time, the “ Goldman Credit Agreement ”)  with

Goldman Sachs Bank USA. Pursuant to the agreement, Goldman Sachs Bank USA loaned the Company $40,000,000 in the form of a term loan.

On January 29, 2016, we, Vertex Operating, certain of our other subsidiaries, Lender and Agent entered into an Amended and Restated Credit and

Guaranty Agreement (the “Restated Goldman Credit Agreement ”), which amended and restated the Goldman Credit Agreement. The Restated Goldman Credit
Agreement changed the Goldman Credit Agreement to an $8.9 million multi-draw term loan credit facility (of which approximately $6.4 million was outstanding
and $2.5 million was available to be drawn pursuant to the terms of the Restated Goldman Credit Agreement on substantially similar terms as the then
outstanding amounts owed to the Lender).

See "Note 9. Line of Credit and Long-Term Debt " - “Credit and Guaranty Agreement with Goldman Sachs Bank ”, in the Notes to the Consolidated
Financial Statements in “Part II. Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” for more information regarding the Goldman Credit Agreement and
Restated Goldman Credit Agreement.

On January 29, 2017, the amount borrowed under the EBC Credit Agreement and Revolving Credit Agreement was used to repay amounts owed under

the Restated Goldman Credit Agreement, which have been repaid in full as of the date of this filing. Additionally, in connection with the repayment of such
obligations, the Restated Goldman Credit Agreement, and our right to borrow funds thereunder were terminated.

MidCap Loan Agreement

Effective March 27, 2015, the Company, Vertex Operating and all of the Company’s other subsidiaries other than E-Source and Golden State, entered

into a Loan and Security Agreement with MidCap Business Credit LLC (“MidCap” and the

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“MidCap Loan Agreement”). Pursuant to the MidCap Loan Agreement, MidCap agreed to loan us up to the lesser of (i) $7 million; and (ii) 85% of the amount of
accounts receivable due to us which meet certain requirements set forth in the MidCap Loan Agreement (“Qualified Accounts”), plus the lesser of (y) $3 million
and  (z)  50%  of  the  cost  or  market  value,  whichever  is  lower,  of  our  raw  material  and  finished  goods  which  have  not  yet  been  sold,  subject  to  the  terms  and
conditions of the MidCap Loan Agreement (“Eligible Inventory”), minus any amount which MidCap may require from time to time in order to over secure amounts
owed to MidCap under the MidCap Loan Agreement, as long as no event of default has occurred or is continuing under the terms of the MidCap Loan Agreement.
The requirement of MidCap to make loans under the MidCap Loan Agreement is subject to certain standard conditions and requirements.

See "Note 9. Line of Credit and Long-Term Debt " - “MidCap Loan Agreement”, in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in “ Part II. Item 8.

Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” for more information regarding the MidCap Loan Agreement.

On January 29, 2017, the amount borrowed under the EBC Credit Agreement and Revolving Credit Agreement was used to repay amounts owed under

the MidCap Loan Agreement, which have been repaid in full as of the date of this filing. Additionally, in connection with the repayment of such obligations, the
Midcap Loan Agreement, and our right to borrow funds thereunder were terminated.

Fox Note

On January 29, 2016, Vertex OH, borrowed $5.15 million from Fox Encore and provided a Promissory Note to Fox Encore to reflect such borrowed funds

(the “Fox Note”). The Fox Note accrued interest at 10% percent per annum (15% upon the occurrence of an event of default), payable monthly in arrears
beginning on February 29, 2016. The principal and all accrued and unpaid interest on the Fox Note were due on the earlier of (a) July 31, 2016 (as may be
extended by Vertex OH as discussed below, the “Maturity Date”), or (b) upon acceleration of the Fox Note during the existence of an event of default as
discussed therein. Vertex OH had the right to three (3) extension options (each, an “Extension Option”) pursuant to which Vertex OH could extend the Maturity
Date for six (6) months each. The first extension, which was exercised as of December 31, 2016 extended the Maturity Date of the Fox Note until January 31,
2017, the second extension would have extended the Maturity Date of the Fox Note until July 31, 2017, and the third extension would have extended the Maturity
Date of the Fox Note until January 29, 2018. Upon exercising an Extension Option, Vertex OH was required to pay Fox Encore an extension fee equal to 3% of
the then outstanding principal amount of the Fox Note, which amount is separate from, and is not applied toward, the outstanding indebtedness owed under the
Fox Note; provided, however, that the 3% fee for the initial extension was not to be paid in cash but was instead added to the outstanding principal balance of
the Fox Note. The Fox Note was secured by the Mortgage described below. 

On January 29, 2017 the amount borrowed under the EBC Credit Agreement and Revolving Credit Agreement was used to repay amounts owed under

the Fox Note, which has been repaid in full as of the date of this filing.

Texas Citizens Bank Loan Agreement

On January 7, 2015, E-Source entered into a loan agreement with Texas Citizens Bank to consolidate various smaller debt obligations. The loan

agreement provides a term note in the amount of $2,045,500 that matures on January 7, 2020. Borrowings bear a fixed interest rate of 5.5% per annum and
interest is calculated from the date of each advance until repayment in full or maturity. The loan has 59 scheduled monthly payments of $42,126 which includes
principal and interest. The loan is collateralized by all of the assets of E-Source. The loan contains customary representations, warranties, and covenants for
facilities of similar nature and size.

Unit Offerings

On June 24, 2015, we closed the transactions contemplated by the June 19, 2015 Unit Purchase Agreement (the “ June 2015 Purchase Agreement”)  we
entered  into  with  certain  institutional  investors  (the  “June  2015  Investors ”),  pursuant  to  which  the  Company  sold  the  June  2015  Investors  an  aggregate
of 8,064,534 units (the “June 2015 Units”), each consisting of (i) one share of Series B Preferred Stock and (ii) one warrant to purchase one-half of a share of
common stock of the Company (each a “June 2015 Warrant ” and collectively, the “June 2015 Warrants ”). The June 2015 Units were sold at a price of $3.10 per
June 2015 Unit (the “June 2015 Unit Price ”) (a 6.1% premium to the closing bid price of the Company’s common stock on the NASDAQ Capital Market on the
date the June 2015 Purchase Agreement was entered into which was $2.91 per share (the “June 2015 Closing Bid Price”)). The June 2015 Warrants have an
exercise price of $2.92 per share ($0.01 above the June 2015 Closing Bid Price). Total gross proceeds from the offering of the June 2015 Units (the “June  2015
Offering”) were $25.0 million.

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Craig-Hallum Capital Group LLC, the Placement Agent, received a commission equal to 6.5% of the gross proceeds (less $4.0 million raised from certain
investors in the June 2015 Offering for which they will receive no fee) from the June 2015 Offering, for an aggregate commission of $1.365 million which was
netted against the proceeds.

We used the net proceeds from the June 2015 Offering to repay amounts owed under the Goldman Credit Agreement in the amount of $15.1 million.

The  Series  B  Preferred  Stock  accrues  a  dividend,  payable  quarterly  in  arrears  (based  on  calendar  quarters),  in  the  amount  of  6%  per  annum  of  the

original issuance price of the Series B Preferred Stock ($3.10 per share).

The dividend is payable by the Company, at the Company’s election, in registered common stock of the Company (if available), in-kind or in cash. In the
event dividends are paid in registered common stock of the Company, the number of shares payable is calculated by dividing (a) the accrued dividend by (b) 90%
of  the  arithmetic  average  of  the  volume  weighted  average  price  (VWAP)  of  the  Company’s  common  stock  for  the  10  trading  days  immediately  prior  to  the
applicable date of determination (the “June 2015 Dividend Stock Payment Price ”). Notwithstanding the foregoing, in no event may the Company pay dividends in
common stock unless the applicable June 2015 Dividend Stock Payment Price is above $2.91. If the Company is prohibited from paying, or chooses not to pay,
the dividend in cash or registered common stock, the dividend can be paid in-kind in Series B Preferred Stock shares at $3.10 per share.

    The Series B Preferred Stock includes a liquidation preference (in the amount of $3.10 per share) which is junior to the Company’s previously outstanding
shares of preferred stock, except the Series B1 Preferred Stock, which it is pari passu with, senior credit facilities and other debt holders as provided in further
detail in the designation and senior to the Series C Preferred Stock.

The Series B Preferred Stock (including accrued and unpaid dividends) is convertible into shares of the Company’s common stock at the holder’s option
at any time after closing at $3.10 per share (initially a one-for-one basis (subject to adjustments for stock splits and recapitalizations)). If the Company’s common
stock trades at or above $6.20 per share for a period of 20 consecutive trading days the Company may at such time force conversion of the Series B Preferred
Stock (including accrued and unpaid dividends) into common stock of the Company.

The Series B Preferred Stock votes together with the common stock on an as-converted basis, provided that each holder’s voting rights are subject to and

limited by the Series B Beneficial Ownership Limitation described below.

The Company has the option to redeem the outstanding shares of Series B Preferred Stock at $3.10 per share, plus any accrued and unpaid dividends
on such Series B Preferred Stock redeemed, at any time beginning on June 24, 2017, and the Company is required to redeem the Series B Preferred Stock at
$3.10 per share, plus any accrued and unpaid dividends, on June 24, 2020.

The June 2015 Warrants are exercisable beginning on December 26, 2015, and expire on December 24, 2020. The Warrants contain a cashless exercise

provision in connection with any shares that are not then registered by the Company.

Both the Series B Preferred Stock and the June 2015 Warrants contain a provision prohibiting the conversion of the Series B Preferred Stock (and voting
associated therewith) and the exercise of the June 2015 Warrants, into common stock of the Company, if upon such conversion or exercise, as applicable, the
holder thereof would beneficially own more than 9.999% of the Company’s then outstanding common stock (the “Series B Beneficial Ownership Limitation ”).  The
Series B Beneficial Ownership Limitation does not apply to forced conversions undertaken by the Company pursuant to the terms of the Designation (summarized
above).  In  addition  to  the  Series  B  Beneficial  Ownership  Limitation,  certain  of  the  Investors  also  entered  into  agreements  with  us  to  limit  their  ability  to  effect
conversions  of  Series  B  Preferred  Stock  (and  exercise  of  June  2015  Warrants),  to  prohibit  them  contractually  from  converting  (or  exercising)  such  applicable
security  if  upon  such  conversion  (or  exercise)  they  would  beneficially  own  more  than  4.999%  of  our  outstanding  common  stock.  As  described  above,  each
holder’s voting rights in connection with the Series B Preferred Stock are also limited by the Series B Beneficial Ownership Limitation.

In  connection  with  the  May  2016  Purchase  Agreement  described  below,  certain  funds  received  in  that  offering  totaling  $11,189,838  were  used  to
immediately  repurchase  and  retire  3,575,070  shares  of  Series  B  Preferred  Stock  and  pay  the  accrued  but  unpaid  dividends  due  thereon  and  on  certain  other
shares of Series B Preferred Stock held by those holders (the “Repurchases”). In connection with this transaction, $5,408,131 of unaccreted discount on these
3,575,070 shares of Series B Preferred Stock which were retired, was immediately recognized, which represents the pro-rata portion of the unaccreted discount.

On May 13, 2016, we closed the transactions contemplated by the May 10, 2016 Unit Purchase Agreement (the “ May 2016 Purchase Agreement”)  with

certain accredited investors (the “Investors”), pursuant to which we sold the Investors an aggregate

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of  approximately  12  million  units  (the  “May  2016  Units”),  each  consisting  of  (i)  one  share  of  Series  B1  Preferred  Stock  of  the  Company,  $0.001  par  value  per
share (the “Series B1 Preferred Stock”) and (ii) one warrant to purchase one-quarter of a share of common stock of the Company, $0.001 par value per share
(each a “May 2016 Warrant” and collectively, the “May 2016 Warrants”). The May 2016 Units were sold at a price of $1.56 per May 2016 Unit (the “ May 2016 Unit
Price”)  (a  2.6%  premium  to  the  closing  bid  price  of  the  Company’s  common  stock  on  the  NASDAQ  Capital  Market  on  the  date  the  Purchase  Agreement  was
entered into which was $1.52 per share (the “May 2016 Closing Bid Price”)). The May 2016 Warrants have an exercise price of $1.53 per share ($0.01 above the
Closing Bid Price). Total gross proceeds from the offering of the Units (the “May 2016 Offering”) were $19.3 million.

A  total  of  approximately  $18.6  million  of  the  securities  sold  in  the  May  2016  Offering  were  purchased  by  investors  who  participated  in  the  Company’s
prior June 2015 offering of Series B Preferred Stock and warrants to purchase shares of common stock. 60% of the funds received from such investors were used
to immediately repurchase such investors’ Series B Preferred Stock. As a result, a total of approximately $11.2 million of the proceeds raised in the May 2016
Offering  were  used  to  immediately  repurchase  and  retire  approximately  3.6  million  shares  of  Series  B  Preferred  Stock  and  pay  accrued  interest  on  such
repurchased shares through the closing date (the “Repurchases”), leaving net proceeds of approximately $8.1 million, before deducting placement agents’ fees
and  offering  expenses.  Of  these  net  proceeds,  $800,000  was  used  to  pay  amounts  owed  to  the  Lender,  as  discussed  above  and  the  remaining  proceeds  for
working capital purposes and potential acquisitions.

Craig-Hallum Capital Group LLC (the “Placement Agent”) acted as exclusive placement agent in connection with the May 2016 Offering. The Placement
Agent received a commission equal to 6.5% of the net proceeds after affecting the Repurchases described above, from the May 2016 Offering, for an aggregate
commission of approximately $530,000.

The  Company’s  Chief  Executive  Officer  and  Chairman,  Benjamin  P.  Cowart,  and  the  Company’s  Chief  Financial  Officer  and  Secretary,  Chris  Carlson,
each purchased 32,052 Units ($50,000 of May 2016 Units) in the May 2016 Offering and in connection with such purchases was issued 32,052 shares of Series
B1 Preferred Stock and May 2016 Warrants to purchase 8,013 shares of common stock.

The  Series  B1  Preferred  Stock  accrues  a  dividend,  payable  quarterly  in  arrears  (based  on  calendar  quarters),  in  the  amount  of  6%  per  annum  of  the
original  issuance  price  of  the  Series  B1  Preferred  Stock  ($1.56  per  share  or  $19.5  million  in  aggregate),  provided  that  such  dividend  increases  to  9%  if  the
Consolidated Adjusted EBITDA (defined below) targets described below are not met during the periods indicated below during 2016-2017, until the earlier of (a)
the  date  the  next  target  is  met,  or  (b)  June  30,  2018.  “Consolidated  Adjusted  EBITDA”  means  the  Company’s  operating  income,  plus  (i)  share-based
compensation  expense,  (ii)  depreciation  and  amortization,  (iii)  goodwill  impairment  charges,  (iv)  acquisition  related  expenses,  (v)  nonrecurring  restructuring
charges,  and  (vi)  other  non-cash  expenses  or  one-time  items,  all  as  calculated  in  accordance  with  United  States  generally  accepted  accounting  principles,  as
consistently applied by the Company.

The Consolidated Adjusted EBITDA targets are as follows:

Measurement Period

For the six months ending December 31, 2016

For the three months ending March 31, 2017

For the six months ending June 30, 2017

For the nine months ending September 30, 2017

For the twelve months ending December 31, 2017

Consolidated Adjusted EBITDA

Negative $1,000,000

$1,000,000

$3,500,000

$5,500,000

$7,500,000

The  Consolidated  Adjusted  EBITDA  target  for  the  three  months  ended  March  31,  2017,  six  months  ending  June  30,  2017,  nine  months  ending

September 30, 2017 and the twelve months ending December 31, 2017, were not met.

The dividend is payable by the Company, at the Company’s election, in registered common stock of the Company (if available), in-kind or in cash. In the
event dividends are paid in registered common stock of the Company, the number of shares payable will be calculated by dividing (a) the accrued dividend by (b)
90% of the arithmetic average of the volume weighted average price (VWAP) of the Company’s common stock for the 10 trading days immediately prior to the
applicable date of determination (the “May 2016 Dividend Stock Payment Price ”). Notwithstanding the foregoing, in no event may the Company pay dividends in
common stock unless the applicable May 2016 Dividend Stock Payment Price is above $1.52. If the Company is prohibited from paying the dividend in cash (due
to  contractual  senior  credit  agreements  or  other  restrictions)  or  is  unable  to  pay  the  dividend  in  registered  common  stock,  the  dividend  can  be  paid  in-kind  in
additional shares of Series B1 Preferred Stock shares based on the original Unit Price.

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The Series B1 Preferred Stock includes a liquidation preference ($1.56 per share) which is junior to the Company’s Series A Preferred Stock, ranks senior

to the Company’s Series C Preferred Stock and ranks equally with the Series B Preferred Stock.

The Series B1 Preferred Stock (including accrued and unpaid dividends) is convertible into shares of the Company’s common stock at the holder’s option
at any time after closing on a one-for-one basis. If the Company’s common stock trades at or above $3.90 per share for a period of 20 consecutive trading days
at any time, the Company may at such time force conversion of the Series B1 Preferred Stock (including accrued and unpaid dividends) into common stock of the
Company.

The Series B1 Preferred Stock votes together with the common stock on an as-converted basis, provided that each holder’s voting rights are subject to

and limited by the Series B1 Beneficial Ownership Limitation described below.

The Company has the option to redeem the outstanding shares of Series B1 Preferred Stock at $1.716 per share plus any accrued and unpaid dividends
on  such  Series  B1  Preferred  Stock  redeemed,  at  any  time  beginning  on  June  24,  2017  (the  two  year  anniversary  of  the  closing  of  the  Company’s  June  2015
offering  of  Series  B  Preferred  Stock)  and  the  Company  is  required  to  redeem  the  Series  B1  Preferred  Stock  at  the  Unit  Price  plus  any  accrued  and  unpaid
dividends on June 24, 2020 (the five year anniversary of the closing of the Company’s June 2015 offering of Series B Preferred Stock).

Both the Series B1 Preferred Stock and the June 2015 Warrants contain a provision prohibiting the conversion of the Series B1 Preferred Stock and the
exercise of the Warrants into common stock of the Company, if upon such conversion or exercise, as applicable, the holder thereof would beneficially own more
than 9.999% of the Company’s then outstanding common stock (the “June 2015 Beneficial Ownership Limitation ”). The June 2015 Beneficial Ownership Limitation
does  not  apply  to  forced  conversions  undertaken  by  the  Company  pursuant  to  the  terms  of  the  Designation  (summarized  above).  The  June  2015  Beneficial
Ownership Limitation also applies to the voting rights of the Series B1 Preferred Stock. Certain of the investors also agreed to contractually reduce the June 2015
Beneficial Ownership Limitation applicable to them to 4.999% of the Company’s then outstanding common stock.

The  May  2016  Warrants  have  an  exercise  price  of  $1.53  per  share,  are  exercisable  between  November  14,  2016  and  November  13,  2021  and  have
cashless exercise rights to the extent the shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the May 2016 Warrants are not registered with the Securities and
Exchange Commission.

The May 2016 Offering terms and the terms of the Series B1 Preferred Stock are described in greater detail in the Current Reports on Form 8-K filed with

the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 10, 2016 and May 13, 2016.

Need for additional funding

Our  re-refining  business  will  require  significant  capital  to  design  and  construct  any  new  facilities.  The  facility  infrastructure  would  be  an  additional

capitalized expenditure to these process costs and would depend on the location and site specifics of the facility.

Management believes that the amount available under our EBC Credit Agreement and Revolving Credit Agreement, in addition to projected earnings over
the next couple of years, will provide sufficient liquidity to fund our operations for the foreseeable future. If it is necessary, we will seek additional financing for
future operations, acquisitions or other future developments and to repay amounts owed to our creditors or to redeem our outstanding preferred securities. The
required funds may be raised through the sale of common stock, preferred stock, debt, or convertible debt, which may include the grant of warrants. Our inability
to obtain sufficient funds from external sources when such funds are needed will have a material adverse effect on our plan of operations, results of operations
and financial condition.

Additionally, as part of our ongoing efforts to maintain a capital structure that is closely aligned with what we believe to be the potential of our business
and  goals  for  future  growth,  which  is  subject  to  cyclical  changes  in  commodity  prices,  we  will  be  exploring  additional  sources  of  external  liquidity. The
receptiveness of the capital markets to an offering of debt or equities cannot be assured and may be negatively impacted by, among other things, debt maturities,
current market conditions, and potential stockholder dilution. The sale of additional securities, if undertaken by us and if accomplished, may result in dilution to our
shareholders. However, such future financing may not be available in amounts or on terms acceptable to us, or at all.

In addition to the above, we may also seek to acquire additional businesses or assets. In addition, the Company could consider selling assets if a more
strategic  acquisition  presents  itself.  Finally,  in  the  event  we  deem  such  transaction  in  our  best  interest,  we  may  enter  into  a  business  combination  or  similar
transaction in the future.

There is currently only a limited market for our common stock, and as such, we anticipate that such market will be illiquid, sporadic and subject to wide

fluctuations in response to several factors moving forward, including, but not limited to:

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(1)    actual or anticipated variations in our results of operations;

(2)    the market for, and volatility in, the market for oil and gas;

(3)    our ability or inability to generate new revenues; and

(4)    the number of shares in our public float.

Furthermore,  because  our  common  stock  is  traded  on  the  NASDAQ  Capital  Market,  our  stock  price  may  be  impacted  by  factors  that  are  unrelated  or
disproportionate  to  our  operating  performance.  These  market  fluctuations,  as  well  as  general  economic,  political  and  market  conditions,  such  as  recessions,
interest rates or international currency fluctuations may adversely affect the market price of our common stock. Additionally, at present, we have a limited number
of shares in our public float, and as a result, there could be extreme fluctuations in the price of our common stock.

We believe that our stock prices (bid, ask and closing prices) may not relate to the actual value of our company, and may not reflect the actual value of
our common stock. Shareholders and potential investors in our common stock should exercise caution before making an investment in our common stock, and
should not rely on the publicly quoted or traded stock prices in determining our common stock value, but should instead determine the value of our common stock
based on the information contained in our public reports, industry information, and those business valuation methods commonly used to value private companies.

Cash flows for the fiscal year ended December 31,  2017 compared to the fiscal year ended December 31,  2016 were as follows:

Beginning cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash

Net cash provided by (used in):
Operating activities
Investing activities

Financing activities

Net increase in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash

Ending cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash

Twelve Months Ended December 31,

2017

2016

3,206,158   $

765,364

(2,963,191)  
(3,797,529)  

4,660,349  

(2,100,371)  

1,105,787   $

(14,145,607)
17,387,709

(801,308)

2,440,794

3,206,158

$

$

Operating activities used cash of $ 2,963,191 for the year ended December 31,  2017 as compared to using cash of $ 14,145,607  in 2016.  Our  primary
sources  of  liquidity  are  cash  flows  from  our  operations  and  the  availability  to  borrow  funds  under  our  credit  and  loan  facilities,  as  well  as  private  sales  of
securities.   The primary reason for the decrease in cash used in operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2017,  compared  to  the  same  period  in
2016,was the one-time gain on sale of assets related to our Bango Plant sale during the year ended December 31,  2016, and the reduction in accounts payable
and accrued expenses, offset by the reduction in accounts receivable and prepaid expenses.

Investing activities used cash of $ 3,797,529 for the year ended December 31,  2017 as compared to having provided $17,387,709  of  cash  in 2016  due

mainly to the net proceeds from our sale of our Nevada facility ("Bango Plant') of $19 million during 2016.

Financing activities provided cash of $4,660,349 during the twelve months ended December 31,  2017, as compared to using cash of $ 801,308  in 2016.
The financing activities were comprised of net payments of debt issuance costs of approximately $1.7 million, and note proceeds of approximately $17.5 million
(in connection with our entry into the EBC Credit Agreement and Revolving Credit Agreement), offset by an approximate $13.0 million pay down of our long-term
debt (relating to amounts paid under the Goldman Credit Agreement and Midcap Loan Agreement).

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Contractual Obligations

Future maturities of long term debt as of December 31,  2017 and December 31,  2016 were as follows:

Creditor

Loan Type

Origination Date

Maturity Date

Loan Amount

  December 31, 2017 December 31, 2016

Encina Business Credit,
LLC
Encina Business Credit
SPV, LLC
MidCap Revolving Line
of Credit

Goldman Sachs USA
Fox Encore Promissory
Note
Pacific Western Bank
Texas Citizens Bank

Various institutions

Total

Deferred finance costs,
net

Total, net of deferred
finance costs, net

  Term Loan

  February 1, 2017

  February 1, 2020   $

20,000,000   $

14,750,000 $

  Revolving Note

  February 1, 2017

  February 1, 2020   $

10,000,000  

4,591,527

  Revolving Note

  March, 2015

  March, 2017 (1)

  $

7,000,000  

Term Loan - Restated Credit
Agreement

  May, 2014

  May 2, 2019 (1)

  $

8,900,000  

  Promissory Note
  Capital Lease
  Term Note

Insurance premiums
financed

  January 29, 2012
  September, 2012
  January, 2015

  July 31, 2017 (1)
  August, 2017
  January, 2020

  Various

  < 1 year

  $
  $
  $

  $

5,150,000  
3,154,860  
2,045,500  

—

—

—
—
834,283

—

—

2,726,039

4,000,000

5,150,000
133,153
1,531,506

2,902,428  

803,392

1,060,065

20,979,202

14,600,763

(1,239,570)

(244,178)

  $

19,739,632 $

14,356,585

(1) Paid in full and terminated on February 1, 2017.

Future contractual maturities on notes payable are summarized as follows:

Creditor

2018

2019

2020

2021

2022

Thereafter

Encina Business Credit, LLC
Texas Citizens Bank
Encina Business Credit SPV, LLC
Various institutions

Totals
Deferred finance costs, net

  $

900,000   $
495,013  
4,591,527  
803,392  

6,789,932  
(581,479)  

900,000   $
339,270  
—  
—  

12,950,000   $

—  
—  
—  

1,239,270  
(581,479)  

12,950,000  
(76,612)  

Totals, net of deferred finance costs

  $

6,208,453   $

657,791   $

12,873,388   $

—   $
—  
—  
—  

—  
—  

—   $

—   $
—  
—  
—  

—  
—  

—   $

—
—
—
—

—
—

—

The  Company  has  various  leases  for  office  facilities  and  vehicles  which  are  classified  as  operating  leases,  and  which  expire  at  various  times  through

2032. Total rent expense for all operating leases for 2017 and 2016 is summarized as follows:

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Office leases

Plant Leases
Vehicle and equipment leases

Minimum future lease commitments as of December 31,  2017, are summarized as follows:  

2017

2016

  $

  $

744,154   $

4,123,600  
363,616  

5,231,370   $

875,320

4,052,250
365,877

5,293,447

Year ending December 31

2018
2019
2020

2021
2022
Thereafter

Office Facilities  

Vehicles

  Plant Leases

Total

$

474,927   $
454,427  
379,567  

354,462  
323,754  
3,275,000  

277,203   $
219,494  
161,538  

161,538  
31,094  
—  

1,780,000 $
648,000
648,000

648,000
270,000
—

2,532,130
1,321,921
1,189,105

1,164,000
624,848
3,275,000

$

5,262,137   $

850,867   $

3,994,000 $

10,107,004

The table above includes a plant lease expiring on May 1, 2018. At this point, the Company is planning to renew this lease for a period of 

five more years

at an estimated lease payment of $283,000 per month.

Critical Accounting Policies and Use of Estimates

Our financial statements are prepared in accordance with GAAP. The preparation of these financial statements requires management to make estimates
and  judgments  that  affect  the  reported  amounts  of  assets,  liabilities,  revenues  and  expenses.  Management  regularly  evaluates  its  estimates  and  judgments,
including  those  related  to  revenue  recognition,  goodwill,  intangible  assets,  long-lived  assets  valuation,  and  legal  matters.  Actual  results  may  differ  from  these
estimates. (See Note 2 to the financial statements included herein).

Revenue Recognition.

Revenue for each of our divisions is recognized when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, goods are delivered, sales price is determinable,
and collection is reasonably assured. Revenue is recognized upon delivery by truck and railcar of feedstock to our re-refining customers and upon product leaving
our terminal facilities via barge. Revenue is also recognized as recovered scrap materials are sold.

Fair value of financial instruments

Under  the  Financial  Accounting  Standards  Board  Accounting  Standards  Codification  (“FASB  ASC”),  we  are  permitted  to  elect  to  measure  financial
instruments and certain other items at fair value, with the change in fair value recorded in earnings. We elected not to measure any eligible items using the fair
value option. Consistent with the Fair Value Measurement Topic of the FASB ASC, we implemented guidelines relating to the disclosure of our methodology for
periodic measurement of our assets and liabilities recorded at fair market value.

Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants
at the measurement date. A three-tier fair value hierarchy prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted
quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (level 1 measurements) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (level 3 measurements).
These tiers include:

•

•

Level 1, defined as observable inputs such as quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets;

Level  2,  defined  as  inputs  other  than  quoted  prices  in  active  markets  that  are  either  directly  or  indirectly  observable  such  as  quoted  prices  for  similar
instruments in active markets or quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active; and

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•

Level  3,  defined  as  unobservable  inputs  in  which  little  or  no  market  data  exists,  therefore  requiring  an  entity  to  develop  its  own  assumptions,  such  as
valuations derived from valuation techniques in which one or more significant inputs or significant value drivers are unobservable.

Our Level 1 assets primarily include our cash and cash equivalents. Valuations are obtained from readily available pricing sources for market transactions

involving identical assets or liabilities.

Impairment of long-lived assets

The  Company  evaluates  the  carrying  value  and  recoverability  of  its  long-lived  assets  when  circumstances  warrant  such  evaluation  by  applying  the
provisions  of  the  FASB  ASC  regarding  long-lived  assets.  It  requires  that  long-lived  assets  be  reviewed  for  impairment  whenever  events  or  changes  in
circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable through the estimated undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the
use and eventual disposition of the assets.  Whenever any such impairment exists, an impairment loss will be recognized for the amount by which the carrying
value  exceeds  the  fair  value.  The  Company  determined  that no  long-lived  asset  impairment  existed  at  December  31,  2017  but  in  2016  the  Company  did
recognize a long-lived asset impairment related to the Recovery Segment.

Derivative liabilities.

The Company, in accordance with ASC 815-40-25 and ASC 815-10-15 Derivatives and Hedging and ASC 480-10-25 Liabilities-Distinguishing from Equity,
convertible preferred shares are accounted for net, outside of shareholders' equity and warrants are accounted for as liabilities at their fair value during periods
where they can be net cash settled in case of a change in control transaction. The warrants are accounted for as a liability at their fair value at each reporting
period.  The  value  of  the  derivative  warrant  liability  will  be  re-measured  at  each  reporting  period  with  changes  in  fair  value  recorded  as  earnings.  To  derive  an
estimate of the fair value of these warrants, a Dynamic Black Scholes model is utilized that computes the impact of a possible change in control transaction upon
the exercise of the warrant shares. This process relies upon inputs such as shares outstanding, estimated stock prices, strike price and volatility assumptions to
dynamically adjust the payoff of the warrants in the presence of the dilution effect.

Preferred Stock Classification.

A  mandatorily  redeemable  financial  instrument  shall  be  classified  as  a  liability  unless  the  redemption  is  required  to  occur  only  upon  the  liquidation  or
termination  of  the  reporting  entity. A  financial  instrument  issued  in  the  form  of  shares  is  mandatorily  redeemable  if  it  embodies  an  unconditional  obligation
requiring the issuer to redeem the instrument by transferring its assets at a specified or determinable date (or dates) or upon an event certain to occur. A financial
instrument  that  embodies  a  conditional  obligation  to  redeem  the  instrument  by  transferring  assets  upon  an  event  not  certain  to  occur  becomes  mandatorily
redeemable-and, therefore, becomes a liability-if that event occurs, the condition is resolved, or the event becomes certain to occur. The Series B Preferred Stock
and Series B1 Preferred Stock require the Company to redeem such preferred stock on the fifth anniversary of the issuance of the Series B Preferred Stock if the
redemption would not be subject to then existing restrictions under the Company's prior senior credit agreement. SEC reporting requirements provide that any
possible redemption outside of the control of the Company requires the preferred stock to be classified outside of permanent equity.

Market Risk

Our revenues and cost of revenues are affected by fluctuations in the value of energy related products.  We attempt to mitigate much of the risk
associated with the volatility of relevant commodity prices by using our knowledge of the market to obtain feedstock at attractive costs, by efficiently managing the
logistics associated with our products, by turning our inventory over quickly, and by selling our products into markets where we believe we can achieve the
greatest value.

Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Commodity Price Risk

We are exposed to interest rate risks primarily through borrowings under various bank facilities.  Interest on these facilities is based upon variable interest rates
using LIBOR or Prime as the base rate.

A t December  31,  2017,  the  Company  had  about  $14.8  million  of  variable-rate  term  debt  outstanding.  At  this  borrowing  level,  a  hypothetical  relative

increase of 10% in interest rates would have an unfavorable but insignificant impact on the Company’s

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pre-tax earnings and cash flows. The primary interest rate exposure on variable-rate debt is based on the LIBOR rate (1.36% at  December 31, 2017) plus 6.50%
per year.

We are exposed to market risks related to the volatility of crude oil and refined oil products. Our financial results can be significantly affected by changes
in  these  prices  which  are  driven  by  global  economic  and  market  conditions.  We  attempt  to  mitigate  much  of  the  risk  associated  with  the  volatility  of  relevant
commodity prices by using our knowledge of the market to obtain feedstock at attractive costs, by efficiently managing the logistics associated with our products,
by turning our inventory over quickly, and by selling our products into markets where we believe we can achieve the greatest value.  

77

EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

VERTEX ENERGY, INC.
TABLE OF CONTENTS TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Consolidated Financial Statements

Reports of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firms

Consolidated Balance Sheets

Consolidated Statements of  Operations

Consolidated Statements of Equity

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

F-1

Page

F-2

F-4

F-6

F-7

F-8

F-10

EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the Board of Directors and Shareholders
Vertex Energy, Inc.
Houston, Texas

Opinion on the Consolidated Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheet of Vertex Energy, Inc. and subsidiaries (collectively, the "Company") as of December 31, 2017,
and the related consolidated statements of operations, stockholders’ equity and cash flows for the year then ended, and the related notes (collectively referred to
as the "financial statements"). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company
and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2017, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the year then ended, in conformity with accounting principles
generally accepted in the United States of America.

Basis for Opinion

These  consolidated  financial  statements  are  the  responsibility  of  the  Company's  management.  Our  responsibility  is  to  express  an  opinion  on  the  Company's
consolidated financial statements based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United
States) ("PCAOB") and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules
and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We  conducted  our  audits  in  accordance  with  the  standards  of  the  PCAOB.  Those  standards  require  that  we  plan  and  perform  the  audit  to  obtain  reasonable
assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to
have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal controls over financial reporting. As part of our audit we are required to obtain an understanding of
internal  control  over  financial  reporting  but  not  for  the  purpose  of  expressing  an  opinion  on  the  effectiveness  of  the  Company’s  internal  control  over  financial
reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.

Our audit includes performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and
performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the
consolidated financial statements. Our audit also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as
evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

/s/ Ham, Langston & Brezina, L.L.P.

We have served as the Company's auditor since 2017.

Houston, Texas
March 6, 2018

F-2

EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the Board of Directors and Stockholders
Vertex Energy, Inc.

We  have  audited  the  accompanying  consolidated  balance  sheet  of  Vertex  Energy,  Inc.  and  subsidiaries  (collectively,  the  “Company”)  as  of
December 31, 2016, and the related consolidated statements of operations, stockholder’s equity and cash flows for the year then ended. These
financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements
based on our audits.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards
require  that  we  plan  and  perform  the  audit  to  obtain  reasonable  assurance  about  whether  the  financial  statements  are  free  of  material
misstatement. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. Our
audits  included  consideration  of  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  as  a  basis  for  designing  audit  procedures  that  are  appropriate  in  the
circumstances,  but  not  for  the  purpose  of  expressing  an  opinion  on  the  effectiveness  of  the  Company’s  internal  control  over  financial  reporting.
Accordingly, we express no such opinion. An audit also includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in
the  financial  statements,  assessing  the  accounting  principles  used  and  significant  estimates  made  by  management,  as  well  as  evaluating  the
overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

In  our  opinion,  the  consolidated  financial  statements  referred  to  above  present  fairly,  in  all  material  respects,  the  financial  position  of  Vertex
Energy,  Inc.  and  subsidiaries  as  of  December  31,  2016,  and  the  results  of  their  operations  and  their  cash  flows  for  the  year  then  ended  in
conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.

/s/ Hein & Associates LLP

Houston, Texas
March 13, 2017

F-3

EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

ASSETS

Current assets

Cash and cash equivalents

Escrow - current restricted cash

Accounts receivable, net

Inventory

Prepaid expenses

Total current assets

Fixed assets, at cost

Less accumulated depreciation

Fixed assets, net

Goodwill and other intangible assets, net

Deferred tax asset

Other assets

TOTAL ASSETS

LIABILITIES, TEMPORARY EQUITY AND EQUITY

Current liabilities

Accounts payable and accrued expenses

Dividends payable

Capital leases

Current portion of long-term debt, net of unamortized finance costs

Revolving note

Total current liabilities

Long-term debt, net of unamortized finance costs

Contingent consideration

Derivative liability

Total liabilities

COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (Note 4)

TEMPORARY EQUITY

Series B preferred stock, $0.001 par value per share;

VERTEX ENERGY, INC.

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

December 31, 2017   December 31, 2016

$

1,105,787   $

—  
11,288,991  
6,304,842  

1,771,832  
20,471,452  

65,237,652  
(16,617,824)  
48,619,828  
14,499,354  

274,423  
440,417  

84,305,474   $

10,318,738   $
420,713  
—  
1,616,926  
4,591,527  
16,947,904  

13,531,179  

236,680  
2,245,408  
32,961,171  

$

$

1,701,435

1,504,723

10,952,219

4,357,958

2,669,117

21,185,452

62,316,808

(12,286,874)

50,029,934

15,252,332

—

518,250

86,985,968

9,440,696

504,474

133,153

9,649,282

2,726,039

22,453,644

1,848,111

—

4,365,992

28,667,747

—  

—

10,000,000 shares authorized, 3,427,597 and 3,229,409 shares issued
and outstanding at December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively with liquidation preference of $10,625,551 and $10,011,168 at
December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

7,190,467  

5,676,467

Series B-1 preferred stock, $0.001 par value per share;

17,000,000 shares authorized, 13,151,989 and 12,282,638 shares issued
and outstanding at December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively with liquidation preference of $20,517,103 and $19,160,915 at
December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

Total Temporary Equity

15,769,478  
22,959,945  

13,927,788

19,604,255

See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements
F-4

EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

 
 
   
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
   
 
 
   
VERTEX ENERGY, INC.

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

December 31, 2017   December 31, 2016

EQUITY

50,000,000 of total Preferred shares authorized:

Series A Convertible Preferred stock, $0.001 par value; 

5,000,000 shares authorized and 453,567 and 492,716 shares issued
and outstanding at December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively, with a liquidation preference of $675,815and $734,147 at
December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively.

Series C Convertible Preferred stock, $0.001 par value per share;

44,000 shares designated in 2016; 31,568 and 31,568
issued and outstanding at December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively with a liquidation preference of $3,156,800 and
$3,156,800 at December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively.

Common stock, $0.001 par value per share;

750,000,000 shares authorized; 32,658,176 and 33,151,391
issued and outstanding at December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively, with zero and 1,108,928 shares held in escrow at
December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively

Additional paid-in capital

Accumulated deficit

           Total Vertex Energy, Inc. stockholders' equity

Non-controlling interest

        Total Equity

454  

493

32  

32

32,658  
67,768,509  
(39,816,300)  
27,985,353  
399,005  
28,384,358  

33,151

66,534,971

(27,958,578)

38,610,069

103,897

38,713,966

86,985,968

TOTAL LIABILITIES, TEMPORARY EQUITY AND EQUITY

$

84,305,474   $

See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements
F-5

EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

 
 
   
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
VERTEX ENERGY, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2017 and 2016

Revenues

Cost of revenues (exclusive of depreciation shown separately below)

Gross profit

Selling, general and administrative expenses
Depreciation and amortization

Total selling, general and administrative expenses

Loss from operations

Other income (expense):

Other income
Gain on sale of assets
Gain on change in value of derivative liability
Realized loss on futures contracts
Interest expense

Total other income (expense)

Loss before income taxes
Income tax benefit

Net loss

Net income attributable to non-controlling interest

Net loss attributable to Vertex Energy, Inc.

Accretion of discount on series B and B-1 Preferred Stock
Accrual of dividends on series B and B-1 Preferred Stock and retirement of a portion of Series B and B-1 Preferred
discount

Net loss available to common shareholders

  Earnings per common share

Basic

Diluted

Shares used in computing earnings per share

Basic

Diluted

See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements
F-6

2017

$

145,499,092   $

123,393,313  

22,105,779  

21,685,542  
6,643,324  

28,328,866  

(6,223,087)  

5,748  
445  
2,120,584  
(833,176)  
(3,483,062)  

(2,189,461)  

(8,412,548)  
274,423  

(8,138,125)  

295,108  

2016

98,078,914

81,759,814

16,319,100

20,154,399
6,277,215

26,431,614

(10,112,514)

5,974
9,631,712
49,876
(548,380)
(3,094,956)

6,044,226

(4,068,288)
117,646

(3,950,642)

2,179

$

$

$

$

(8,433,233)   $

(3,952,821)

(1,713,736)  

(1,762,378)

(1,677,633)  

(11,824,602)   $

(9,822,196)

(15,537,395)

(0.36)   $

(0.36)   $

(0.51)

(0.51)

32,653,402  

32,653,402  

30,520,820

30,520,820

EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

 
 
 
 
   
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
VERTEX ENERGY, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EQUITY

FOR THE YEARS ENDING DECEMBER 31, 2017 AND 2016

Common Stock

  Series A Preferred  

Series C Preferred

Shares

  $.001 Par   Shares  

$.001
Par

  Shares   $.001 Par  

  Additional
Paid-in
Capital

Retained
Earnings

Non-
controlling
Interest

Total Equity

Balance on December 31, 2015

28,239,276   $

28,239  

612,943   $

613  

—   $

—   $ 53,014,054   $ (12,106,971)   $

—   $ 40,935,935

Exercise of stock options and
warrants

Issuance of common stock to pay
"rent" prior to Bango Sale

Issuance of restricted common
stock - Bango Sale

Issuance of common stock
options and warrants -
Compensation Expense

Conversion of Series A Preferred
stock to common

Issuance of Series C Preferred
stock

Conversion of Series C Preferred
stock to common

Beneficial Conversion Feature-
Series B & B-1 Preferred Stock

Series B Preferred Buy Back

Series B & B-1 Preferred stock -
Dividends declared

Series B & B-1 Preferred stock -
accretion of redemption discount

Conversion of Series B & B-1
Preferred stock to common

Reclass Non-controlling interest

Net loss

Balance on December 31, 2016

  Equity reclassifications

  Accrual of dividends on Series B
and B-1 Preferred stock

  Accretion of discount on Series
B and B-1 Preferred stock

  Conversion of Series A Preferred
stock to common

  Conversion of Series B-1
Preferred stock to common

  Common shares for Nickco
Acquisition

Net loss

Balance on December 31,
2017

53,271  

53  

—  

—  

244,000  

244  

—  

—  

1,108,928  

1,109  

—  

—  

—  

—  

—  

—  

120,227  

120  

(120,227)  

(120)  

—  

—  

—  

—  

—  

—  

(53)  

—  

243,756  

—  

(1,109)  

—  

527,869  

—  

—  

—  

—  

—  

—  

44,000  

44  

3,999,956  

1,243,200  

1,243  

—  

—  

(12,432)  

(12)  

(1,231)  

—  

—  

—  

—  

—    

—  

—  

—  

—

—  

244,000

—  

—

—  

527,869

—

—  

4,000,000

—  

—  
—  

—

4,887,252

(5,408,131)

—  
—  

—  

—  

2,142,489  
—  
—  

33,151,391  
—  

—  

—  

—  
—  

—  

—  

2,143  
—  
—  

33,151  
—  

—  

—  

—  
—  

—  
—  

—  

—  

—  

—  

—  
—  
—  

492,716  
—  

—  
—  
—  

493  
—  

—  

—  

—  

—  

39,149  

39  

(39,149)  

(39)  

76,564  

77  

—  

—  

500,000  
—  

500  
—  

—  
—  

—  
—  

—  
—  

—  

—  

—  
—  
—  

31,568  
—  

—  

—  

—  

—  

—  

—  

—  
—  

—  
—  

4,887,252  
—  

—  
(5,408,131)  

—    

(3,397,665)  

—  

(3,397,665)

—  

(1,762,378)  

—  

(1,762,378)

3,602,985  
261,492  
—  

66,534,971  
59  

(1,016,400)  
(314,212)  
(3,952,821)  

(27,958,578)  
(59)  

—  
101,718  
2,179  

103,897  
—  

2,588,728

48,998

(3,950,642)

38,713,966

—

—  

(1,677,633)  

—  

(1,677,633)

—  

(1,713,736)  

—  

(1,713,736)

—  

—  
—  
—  

32  
—  

—  

—  

—  

1,109  

—  

606,446  

—  

—  

—  

—  

—  

—  

—

—  

606,446

—  

—

—  

152,424  

(33,061)  

—  

119,440

—  
—  

473,500  
—  

—  
(8,433,233)  

—  
295,108  

474,000

(8,138,125)

32,658,176   $ 32,658  

453,567   $

454  

31,568   $

32   $67,768,509   $(39,816,300)   $ 399,005   $28,384,358

See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements
F-7

  Return of common shares for
Safety-Kleen/Bango Sale Escrow (1,108,928)  
  Share based compensation
expense, total

—  

(1,109)  

—  

—  

—  

—  

—  

EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
VERTEX ENERGY, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

FOR THE YEARS ENDING DECEMBER 31, 2017 AND 2016

Cash flows from operating activities

Net loss

Adjustments to reconcile net loss to cash used in operating activities:

2017

2016

$

(8,138,125)   $

(3,950,642)

Stock-based compensation expense

Depreciation and amortization

Rent paid by common stock

Gain on sale of assets

Deferred financing costs write off

Deferred federal income tax

Decrease in fair value of derivative liability

Changes in operating assets and liabilities:

Accounts receivable

Inventory

Prepaid expenses

Accounts payable and accrued expenses

Deferred revenue

Other assets

Net cash used in operating activities

Cash flows from investing activities

Acquisitions

Proceeds from sale of Bango assets

Costs related to sale of Bango assets

Proceeds from the sale of assets

Purchase of fixed assets

Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities

Cash flows from financing activities

Line of credit proceeds (payments), net

Proceeds from sale of Series C Preferred Stock

Purchase/buy back/sale/conversion Series B and B-1 Preferred Stock

 Proceeds from issuance of Series B and B-1 Preferred Stock

Issuance costs of Series B and B-1 Preferred Stock

Payment of debt issuance costs

Proceeds from notes payable

Payments made on notes payable

Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities

Net change in cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of the period

Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period

606,446  
6,643,324  
—  
(445)  
715,112  
(274,423)  
(2,120,584)  

(336,772)  
(1,910,884)  
897,285  

878,042  
—  
77,833  
(2,963,191)  

(1,999,580)  
—  
—  
327,718  
(2,125,667)  
(3,797,529)  

1,865,488  

—  
—  
—  
—  
(1,718,090)  
17,570,929  
(13,057,978)  
4,660,349  
(2,100,371)  
3,206,158  

$

1,105,787   $

527,869

6,277,215

244,000

(9,631,712)

1,390,727

—

(49,876)

(4,636,805)

(809,647)

(1,250,496)

(1,893,370)

(323,891)

(38,979)

(14,145,607)

—

29,788,114

(10,792,446)

20,900

(1,628,859)

17,387,709

981,918

4,000,000

(11,189,849)

19,349,757

(607,890)

—

7,650,819

(20,986,063)

(801,308)

2,440,794

765,364

3,206,158

See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements
F-8

EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
SUPPLEMENTAL INFORMATION

Cash paid for interest during the year

Cash paid for income taxes during the year

NON-CASH INVESTING AND FINANCING TRANSACTIONS

Conversion of Series A Preferred Stock into common stock

Conversion of Series B and B1 Preferred Stock into common stock

Dividends-in-Kind accrued on Series B and B-1 Preferred Stock

Conversion feature and fair value of warrants for Series B and B-1 Preferred Stock

Accretion of discount on Series B and B-1 Preferred Stock

Common shares issued as payment

Contingent consideration on Nickco acquisition

Common restricted shares for Nickco acquisition

Return of common shares for sale escrow

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

1,952,719   $

1,688,628

—   $

—

39   $
119,440   $
1,677,633   $
—   $
1,713,736   $
—   $
236,680   $
474,000   $
1,109   $

120

5,104,881

9,822,196

7,754,516

1,762,378

244,000

—

—

—

See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements
F-9

EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

 
 
 
 
 
   
 
   
VERTEX ENERGY, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2017

NOTE 1. BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND NATURE OF OPERATIONS

Vertex Energy, Inc. (“Vertex Energy” or the “Company”), provides a range of services designed to aggregate, process and recycle industrial and commercial waste
systems. Vertex Energy currently provides these services in 13 states, primarily in the Gulf Coast and Central Midwest Region of the United States.

COMPANY OPERATIONS

Vertex Energy’s operations are primarily focused on recycling industrial waste streams and off-specification commercial chemical products. The waste streams
are  purchased  from  an  established  network  of  local  and  regional  collectors  and  generators.  The  Company  manages  the  transport,  storage  and  delivery  of  the
aggregated  feedstock  and  product  streams  to  end  users.  Vertex  Energy’s three  principal  divisions  are  comprised  of  Black  Oil,  Refining  and  Marketing,  and
Recovery.

Black Oil

Through  its  Black  Oil  division,  which  has  been  operational  since  2001,  Vertex  Energy  aggregates  and  sells  used  motor  oil.  The  Company  has  a  network  of
approximately 50 suppliers that collect used oil from businesses such as oil change service stations, automotive repair shops, manufacturing facilities, petroleum
refineries, and petrochemical manufacturing operations. The Company procures the used oil from collectors and manages the logistics of transport, storage and
delivery  to  our  customers.  Typically,  the  used  oil  is  sold  in  bulk  to  ensure  the  efficient  delivery  by  truck,  rail,  or  barge.  In  many  cases,  there  are  contractual
procurement and sale agreements with the suppliers and customers, respectively. These contracts are beneficial to all parties involved because they ensure a
minimum volume is procured from collectors, a minimum volume is sold to the customers, and the Company is insulated from inventory risk by a spread between
the costs to acquire used oil and the revenues received from the sale and delivery of used oil. In addition, the Company operates its own re-refining operations at
the Cedar Marine Terminal, in Baytown, Texas, which uses the Company's proprietary Thermal Chemical Extraction Process (“TCEP”) technology to re-refine the
used oil into marine fuel cutterstock and a higher-value feedstock for further processing. The finished product can then be sold by barge as a fuel oil cutterstock
and a feedstock component for major refineries. Although today we are currently utilizing the TCEP technology as a pre-treatment process for the used motor oil
feedstock that is being supplied from our CMT facility and delivered to Marrero for further re-refining. Through the operations at our Marrero, Louisiana facility, we
produce a Vacuum Gas Oil (VGO) product from used oil re-refining which is then sold via barge to end users to utilize in a refining process or a fuel oil blend.
Through the operations at our Columbus, Ohio facility we produce a base oil finished product which is then sold via truck or rail car to end users for blending,
packaging and marketing of lubricants.

Refining and Marketing

Through its Refining and Marketing division, which has been operational since 2004, Vertex Energy aggregates used motor oil, petroleum distillates, transmix and
other off-specification chemical products. These feedstock streams are purchased from pipeline operators, refineries, chemical processing facilities and third-party
providers.  The  Company  has  a  toll-based  processing  agreement  in  place  with  KMTEX,  LLC.  (“KMTEX”)  to  re-refine  these  feedstock  streams,  under  the
Company’s  direction,  into  various  end  products.  KMTEX  uses  industry  standard  processing  technologies  to  re-refine  the  feedstock  into  pygas,  gasoline
blendstock and marine fuel cutterstock. The Company sells the re-refined products directly to end customers or to processing facilities for further refinement.

Recovery

Through  its  Recovery  division,  which  has  been  operational  since  2002,  Vertex  Energy  generates  solutions  for  the  proper  recovery  and  management  of
hydrocarbon  streams. The  Company  also  provides  industrial  dismantling,  demolition,  decommissioning,  investment  recovery,  and  marine  salvage  services  in
industrial  facilities. The  Company  owns  and  operates  a  fleet  of  trucks  and  heavy  equipment  used  for  processing,  shipping  and  handling  of  reusable  process
equipment and other scrap commodities.

F-10

EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

NOTE 2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Principles of consolidation

The  consolidated  financial  statements  include  the  accounts  of  the  Company  and  its  wholly-owned  subsidiaries.    Significant  intercompany  accounts  and
transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. The subsidiaries are as follows:

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

Cedar  Marine  Terminals,  L.P.  (“ CMT”)  operates  a  19-acre  bulk  liquid  storage  facility  on  the  Houston  Ship  Channel.    The  terminal  serves  as  a  truck-in,
barge-out facility and provides throughput terminal operations. CMT is also the site of the TCEP.

Crossroad Carriers, L.P. (“Crossroad”) is a common carrier that provides transportation and logistical services for liquid petroleum products, as well as other
hazardous materials and product streams.

Vertex Recovery, L.P. (“ Vertex Recovery”) is a generator solutions company for the recycling and collection of used oil and oil-related residual materials
from  large  regional  and  national  customers  throughout  the  U.S.    It  facilitates  its  services  through  a  network  of  independent  recyclers  and  franchise
collectors.

H&H Oil, L.P. (“ H&H Oil”) collects and recycles used oil and residual materials from customers based in Austin, Baytown, Dallas, San Antonio and Corpus
Christi, Texas.

E-Source Holdings, LLC (“ E-Source”) provided dismantling and demolition services at industrial facilities throughout the Gulf Coast.

Vertex Refining, LA, LLC is a used oil re-refinery based in Marrero, Louisiana and also has assets in Belle Chasse, Louisiana.

Vertex Refining, NV, LLC ("Vertex Refining") is a base oil marketing and distribution company with customers throughout the United States.

Vertex Recovery Management, LLC is currently buying and preparing ferrous and non-ferrous scrap intended for large haul barge sales.

• Golden State Lubricant Works, LLC ("Golden State") previously operated an oil storage and blend facility based in Bakersfield, California.

•

•

Vertex Refining, OH, LLC collects and re-refines used oil and residual materials from customers throughout the Midwest. Refinery operations are based in
Columbus, Ohio and has collection branches located in Norwalk, Ohio, Zanesville, Ohio, Ravenswood, West Virginia, and Mt. Sterling, Kentucky.

Vertex Energy Operating, LLC (" Vertex Operating"), is a holding company for various of the subsidiaries described above.

Cash and Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash

The Company considers all highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents.

The Company early adopted the guidance in Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-18, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Restricted Cash (ASU 2016-18),
in the third quarter of 2017 which requires restricted cash to be included in cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning-of-period and end-of-period
total amounts shown in the statements of cash flows. The guidance in this update is to be applied retrospectively; therefore, the 2016 statement of cash flows has
been restated to conform to the requirements of ASU 2016-18 and the 2017 presentation.

The following table provides a reconciliation of cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash reported within the consolidated balance sheets to the same such
amounts shown in the consolidated statements of cash flows.

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EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

Cash and cash equivalents
Restricted cash
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash as shown in the consolidated statements of
cash flows

$

$

1,105,787   $

—  

1,105,787   $

1,701,435
1,504,723

3,206,158

December 31, 2017

December 31, 2016

Pursuant to the Sale Agreement described further in Note 15, we placed  $1.5 million in restricted cash (which was released to us and received in July 2017).

Accounts receivable

Accounts receivable represents amounts due from customers.  Accounts receivable are recorded at invoiced amounts, net of reserves and allowances, do not
bear interest and are not collateralized.  The Company uses its best estimate to determine the required allowance for doubtful accounts based on a variety of
factors,  including  the  length  of  time  receivables  are  past  due,  economic  trends  and  conditions  affecting  its  customer  base,  significant  one-time  events  and
historical write-off experience.  Specific provisions are recorded for individual receivables when we become aware of a customer’s inability to meet its financial
obligations.  The Company reviews the adequacy of its reserves and allowances quarterly.

Receivable balances greater than 30 days past due are individually reviewed for collectability and if deemed uncollectible, are charged off against the allowance
accounts after all means of collection have been exhausted and the potential for recovery is considered remote.  The allowance was $1,636,068  and $1,646,274
at December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

Inventory

Inventories of products consist of feedstocks and refined petroleum products and are reported at the lower of cost or market.   Cost is determined using the first-
in, first-out (“FIFO”) method. The Company reviews its inventory commodities whenever events or circumstances indicate that the value may not be recoverable.

Fixed assets

Fixed assets are stated at historical costs. Depreciation of fixed assets placed in operations is provided using the straight-line method over the estimated useful
lives  of  the  assets.  The  policy  of  the  Company  is  to  charge  amounts  for  maintenance  and  repairs  to  expenses,  and  to  capitalize  expenditures  for  major
replacements and betterments.

Asset Retirement Obligations

The Company records a liability, which is referred to as an asset retirement obligation, at fair value for the estimated cost to retire a tangible long-lived asset at
the time the Company incurs that liability, which is generally when the asset is purchased, constructed, or leased. The Company records the liability when it has a
legal obligation to incur costs to retire the asset and when a reasonable estimate of the fair value of the liability can be made. If a reasonable estimate cannot be
made at the time the liability is incurred, the Company records the liability when sufficient information is available to estimate the liability’s fair value.

Intangible assets

Intangible assets are amortized over their estimated useful lives. Amortizable intangible assets are reviewed at least annually to determine whether events and
circumstances warrant a revision to the remaining period of amortization.

Goodwill

Goodwill is the excess of cost of an acquired entity over the amounts assigned to identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a business combination. In
accordance with the Financial Accounting Standards Board Accounting Standards Codification (“FASB ASC”) 350, “Intangibles - Goodwill and Other,” goodwill is
not amortized. We periodically, at least on an annual basis, review goodwill, considering factors such as projected cash flows and revenue and earnings
multiples, to

F-12

EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

 
 
determine whether the carrying value of the goodwill is impaired. If the goodwill is deemed to be impaired, the difference between the carrying amount reflected in
the financial statements and the estimated fair value is recognized as an expense in the period in which the impairment occurs. We define our reportable
segments to be the same as our operating segments for purposes of reviewing impairment and the recoverability of goodwill and other intangible assets.

Revenue recognition

Revenue for each of the Company’s divisions is recognized when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, goods are delivered, sales price is determinable,
and collection is reasonably assured. Revenue is recognized upon delivery by truck and railcar of feedstock to its re-refining customers and upon product leaving
the Company’s terminal facilities and third party processing facility via barge. Revenue is also recognized as recovered scrap materials are sold.

Leases

The Company recognizes lease expense on a straight-line basis over the minimum lease terms which expire at various dates through 2032. These leases are for
office  and  storage  tank  facilities  and  are  classified  as  operating  leases.  For  leases  that  contain  predetermined,  fixed  escalations  of  the  minimum  rentals,  the
Company recognizes the rent expense on a straight-line basis and records the difference between the rent expense and the rental amount payable in liabilities.
Leasehold  improvements  made  at  the  inception  of  the  lease  are  amortized  over  the  shorter  of  the  asset  life  or  the  initial  lease  terms  as  described  above.
Leasehold improvements made during the lease term are also amortized over the shorter of the assets life or the remaining lease term.

For capital leases assumed as a result of an acquisition, the leased assets owned by the acquiree and financed through a capital lease are measured separately,
at fair value, from the underlying lease to which they are subject. The present value of the lease is then calculated using the lease terms and implicit interest rate.
For  operating  leases  assumed  as  a  result  of  an  acquisition,  the  lease  terms  are  measured,  at  acquisition  date,  to  determine  if  the  terms  are  favorable  or
unfavorable when compared to a comparable market lease with similar terms.

Business Combinations

The Company accounts for business combinations using the acquisition method of accounting. The results of operations for the acquired entities are included in
the  Company’s  consolidated  financial  results  from  their  associated  acquisition  dates. The Company allocates the purchase price of acquisitions to the tangible
assets, liabilities, and identifiable intangible assets acquired based on their estimated fair values. A portion of purchase price for our acquisitions is contingent
upon the realization of certain operating results. The fair values assigned to identifiable intangible assets acquired and contingent consideration were determined
by third party specialists engaged by the Company on a case by case basis. The excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the identified assets and
liabilities has been recorded as goodwill. If the purchase price is under the fair value of the identified assets and liabilities, a bargain purchase is recognized and
included in income from continuing operations.

Fair value of financial instruments

Under the FASB ASC, we are permitted to elect to measure financial instruments and certain other items at fair value, with the change in fair value recorded in
earnings.  We  elected  not  to  measure  any  eligible  items  using  the  fair  value  option.  Consistent  with  the  Fair  Value  Measurement  Topic  of  the  FASB  ASC,  we
implemented guidelines relating to the disclosure of our methodology for periodic measurement of our assets and liabilities recorded at fair market value.

Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the
measurement  date.  A  three-tier  fair  value  hierarchy  prioritizes  the  inputs  used  in  measuring  fair  value.  The  hierarchy  gives  the  highest  priority  to  unadjusted
quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (level 1 measurements) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (level 3 measurements).
These tiers include:

•

•

Level 1, defined as observable inputs such as quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets;

Level  2,  defined  as  inputs  other  than  quoted  prices  in  active  markets  that  are  either  directly  or  indirectly  observable  such  as  quoted  prices  for  similar
instruments in active markets or quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active; and

F-13

EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

•

Level  3,  defined  as  unobservable  inputs  in  which  little  or  no  market  data  exists,  therefore  requiring  an  entity  to  develop  its  own  assumptions,  such  as
valuations derived from valuation techniques in which one or more significant inputs or significant value drivers are unobservable.

Our  Level  1  assets  primarily  include  our  cash  and  cash  equivalents.  Valuations  are  obtained  from  readily  available  pricing  sources  for  market  transactions
involving identical assets or liabilities. The carrying amounts of accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued liabilities approximate their fair values due to
the immediate or short-term maturities of these financial instruments.

Nonfinancial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis include certain nonfinancial assets and liabilities as may be acquired in a
business combination and thereby measured at fair value.

Use of estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect reported amounts of
assets  and  liabilities,  disclosure  of  contingent  assets  and  liabilities,  and  reported  amounts  of  revenue  and  expenses.  Actual  results  could  differ  from  these
estimates. Any effects on the business, financial position or results of operations from revisions to these estimates are recorded in the period in which the facts
that give rise to the revision become known.

Significant items subject to estimates and assumptions include the carrying amount and useful lives of property and equipment and intangible assets, impairment
assessments, share-based compensation expense, and valuation allowances for accounts receivable, inventories, and deferred tax assets.

Impairment of long-lived assets

The Company evaluates the carrying value and recoverability of its long-lived assets when circumstances warrant such evaluation by applying the provisions of
the FASB ASC regarding long-lived assets. It requires that long-lived assets be reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate
that  the  carrying  amount  of  an  asset  may  not  be  recoverable  through  the  estimated  undiscounted  cash  flows  expected  to  result  from  the  use  and  eventual
disposition of the assets.  Whenever any such impairment exists, an impairment loss will be recognized for the amount by which the carrying value exceeds the
fair value. The Company determined that no long-lived asset impairment existed at December 31,  2017 and 2016.

Income Taxes

The Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with the FASB ASC Topic 740. The Company records a valuation allowance against net deferred tax
assets if, based upon the available evidence, it is more likely than not that some or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The ultimate realization of
deferred  tax  assets  is  dependent  upon  the  generation  of  future  taxable  income  and  when  temporary  differences  become  deductible.  The  Company  considers,
among  other  available  information,  uncertainties  surrounding  the  recoverability  of  deferred  tax  assets,  scheduled  reversals  of  deferred  tax  liabilities,  projected
future taxable income, and other matters in making this assessment.

As part of the process of preparing its consolidated financial statements, the Company is required to estimate its income taxes in each of the jurisdictions in which
it operates. This process requires the Company to estimate its actual current tax liability and to assess temporary differences resulting from differing book versus
tax  treatment  of  items,  such  as  deferred  revenue,  compensation  and  benefits  expense  and  depreciation.  These  temporary  differences  result  in  deferred  tax
assets  and  liabilities,  which  are  included  within  the  Company’s  consolidated  balance  sheet.  Significant  management  judgment  is  required  in  determining  the
Company’s provision for income taxes, its deferred tax assets and liabilities and any valuation allowance recorded against its net deferred tax assets. In assessing
the realization of deferred tax assets, management considers whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will be realized
and, when necessary, valuation allowances are established. The ultimate realization of the deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable
income during the periods in which temporary differences become deductible. Management considers the level of historical taxable income, scheduled reversals
of  deferred  taxes,  projected  future  taxable  income  and  tax  planning  strategies  that  can  be  implemented  by  the  Company  in  making  this  assessment.  If  actual
results  differ  from  these  estimates  or  the  Company  adjusts  these  estimates  in  future  periods,  the  Company  may  need  to  adjust  its  valuation  allowance,  which
could materially impact the Company’s consolidated financial position and results of operations.

F-14

EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

Tax contingencies can involve complex issues and may require an extended period of time to resolve. Changes in the level of annual pre-tax income can affect
the Company’s overall effective tax rate. Significant management judgment is required in determining the Company’s provision for income taxes, its deferred tax
assets and liabilities and any valuation allowance recorded against its net deferred tax assets. Furthermore, the Company’s interpretation of complex tax laws
may impact its recognition and measurement of current and deferred income taxes.

Derivative liabilities

The  Company,  in  accordance  with  ASC  815-40-25  and  ASC  815-10-15  Derivatives  and  Hedging  and  ASC  480-10-25  Liabilities-Distinguishing  from  Equity,
convertible preferred shares are accounted for net, outside of shareholders' equity and warrants are accounted for as liabilities at their fair value during periods
where they can be net cash settled in case of a change in control transaction. The warrants are accounted for as a liability at their fair value at each reporting
period.  The  value  of  the  derivative  warrant  liability  will  be  re-measured  at  each  reporting  period  with  changes  in  fair  value  recorded  as  earnings.  To  derive  an
estimate of the fair value of these warrants, a Dynamic Black Scholes model is utilized that computes the impact of a possible change in control transaction upon
the exercise of the warrant shares. This process relies upon inputs such as shares outstanding, estimated stock prices, strike price and volatility assumptions to
dynamically adjust the payoff of the warrants in the presence of the dilution effect.

Preferred Stock Classification

A mandatorily redeemable financial instrument shall be classified as a liability unless the redemption is required to occur only upon the liquidation or termination of
the reporting entity. A financial instrument issued in the form of shares is mandatorily redeemable if it embodies an unconditional obligation requiring the issuer to
redeem  the  instrument  by  transferring  its  assets  at  a  specified  or  determinable  date  (or  dates)  or  upon  an  event  certain  to  occur.  A  financial  instrument  that
embodies  a  conditional  obligation  to  redeem  the  instrument  by  transferring  assets  upon  an  event  not  certain  to  occur  becomes  mandatorily  redeemable-and,
therefore, becomes a liability-if that event occurs, the condition is resolved, or the event becomes certain to occur. The Series B preferred stock and Series B1
preferred stock requires the Company to redeem such preferred stock on the fifth anniversary of the issuance of the Series B Preferred stock if the redemption
would not be subject to the existing restrictions under the Company's senior credit agreement. SEC reporting requirements provide that any possible redemption
outside of the control of the Company requires the preferred stock to be classified outside of permanent equity.

Stock based compensation

The  Company  accounts  for  share-based  expense  and  activity  in  accordance  with  FASB  ASC  Topic  718,  which  establishes  accounting  for  equity  instruments
exchanged for services. Under this provision, share-based compensation costs are measured at the grant date, based on the calculated fair value of the award,
and are recognized as an expense over both the employee and non-employee’s requisite service period, generally the vesting period of the equity grant.

The Company estimates the fair value of stock options using the Black-Scholes valuation model. Key input assumptions used to estimate the fair value of stock
options include the exercise price of the award, expected option term, expected volatility of the stock over the option’s expected term, risk-free interest rate over
the  option’s  expected  term,  and  the  expected  annual  dividend  yield.  The  Company  believes  that  the  valuation  technique  and  approach  utilized  to  develop  the
underlying assumptions are appropriate in calculating the fair values of the stock options granted.

Earnings per share

Diluted  net  income  (loss)  per  share  is  computed  by  dividing  the  net  income  (loss)  attributable  to  common  shareholders  by  the  weighted  average  number  of
common and common equivalent shares outstanding during the period. Common share equivalents included in the diluted computation represent shares issuable
upon assumed exercise of stock options and warrants using the treasury stock and “if converted” method. For periods in which net losses are incurred, weighted
average  shares  outstanding  is  the  same  for  basic  and  diluted  loss  per  share  calculations,  as  the  inclusion  of  common  share  equivalents  would  have  an  anti-
dilutive effect.

New Accounting Pronouncements

(a) Application of New Accounting Standards

F-15

EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

The Company adopted early the guidance in Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-18, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Restricted Cash (ASU 2016-18),
in the third quarter of 2017 which requires restricted cash to be included in cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning-of-period and end-of-period
total amounts shown in the statements of cash flows. The guidance in this update is to be applied retrospectively; therefore, the 2016 statement of cash flows has
been restated to conform to the requirements of ASU 2016-18 and the 2017 presentation.

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, which supersedes nearly all existing revenue recognition guidance
under U.S. GAAP. The core principle of ASU No. 2014-09 is to recognize revenues when promised goods or services are transferred to customers in an amount
that reflects the consideration to which an entity expects to be entitled for those goods or services. ASU No. 2014-09 defines a five step process to achieve this
core principle and, in doing so, more judgment and estimates may be required under existing U.S. GAAP. The standard is effective for annual periods beginning
after December 15, 2016, and interim periods therein, using either of the following transition methods: (i) a full retrospective approach reflecting the application of
the standard in each prior reporting period with the option to elect certain practical expedients, or (ii) a retrospective approach with the cumulative effect of initially
adopting ASU No. 2014-09 recognized at the date of adoption (which includes additional footnote disclosures). In July 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-14
which delayed the effective date of ASU No. 2014-09 by one year (effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017). The Company adopted ASU
2014-09 in the first quarter of fiscal 2018 using the modified retrospective method. The adoption of the standard will not have a material impact on our revenue
recognition policies, other than enhanced disclosures related to the disaggregation of revenues from contracts with customers, our performance obligations and
any significant judgments.

Effective January 1, 2017, the Company adopted the accounting guidance in Accounting Standards Update (“ ASU”) No. 2015-17, " Balance Sheet Classification
of Deferred Taxes." This ASU requires that deferred tax assets and liabilities be classified as non-current in the statement of financial position. The adoption of
ASU 2015-17 in fiscal 2016 resulted in no impact to our consolidated financial statements. See "Note 10. Income Taxes" for a discussion of our income taxes.

Effective  January  3,  2016,  the  Company  adopted  the  accounting  guidance  in  Accounting  Standards  Update  (“ ASU”)  No.  2015-16,  " Business  Combinations:
Simplifying  the  Accounting  for  Measurement  Period  Adjustments."  This  update  simplifies  the  accounting  for  measurement-period  adjustments  in  a  business
combination by requiring the acquirer to recognize adjustments to provisional amounts identified during the measurement period in the reporting period in which
the adjustments are determined. The acquirer is also required to record in the reporting period in which the adjustments are determined the effect on earnings of
changes in depreciation, amortization, and other items resulting from the change to the provisional amounts. The adoption of this ASU 2015-16 did not have an
impact on our consolidated financial condition and results of operations.

(b) New Accounting Requirements and Disclosures

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases, which requires lessees to recognize the following for all leases (with the exception of short-term
leases) at the commencement date: (1) a lease liability, which is a lessee’s obligation to make lease payments arising from a lease, measured on a discounted
basis; and (2) a right-of-use asset, which is an asset that represents the lessee’s right to use, or control the use of, a specified asset for the lease term. Under
ASU No. 2016-02, lessor accounting is largely unchanged. ASU No. 2016-02 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018 with early application
permitted. Lessees and lessors must apply a modified retrospective transition approach for leases existing at, or entered into after, the beginning of the earliest
comparative period presented in the financial statements. The modified retrospective approach would not require any transition accounting for leases expiring
before the earliest comparative period presented. Lessees and lessors may not apply a full retrospective transition approach. Management is currently reviewing
our various leases to identify those affected by ASU No. 2016-02.

Reclassification of Prior Year Presentation

Certain  prior  period  amounts  have  been  reclassified  to  conform  to  current  period  presentation.  These  reclassifications  had  no  effect  on  the  reported  results  of
operations. 

NOTE 3. RELATED PARTIES

F-16

EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

The  Company  has  a  Related  Party  Transaction  committee  including  at  least  two  independent  directors  who  review  and  pre-approve  any  and  all  related  party
transactions.

We had one customer whose President, Chief Executive Officer and owner was Dan Cowart, the brother of our Chief Executive Officer and largest stockholder,
Benjamin P. Cowart. The total amount paid to this related party at December 31, 2016 was $113,576 for rent, equipment rental and transportation. There were no
related party transactions during the year ended December 31, 2017.

NOTE 4. CONCENTRATIONS, SIGNIFICANT CUSTOMERS, COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

The  Company  has  concentrated  credit  risk  for  cash  by  maintaining  deposits  in  one  bank.    These  balances  are  insured  by  the  Federal  Deposit  Insurance
Corporation  up  to $250,000.    From  time  to  time  during  the  years  ended  December 31, 2017  and 2016,  the  Company’s  cash  balances  exceeded  the  federally
insured limits. No losses have been incurred relating to this concentration.

For the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, the Company’s revenues and receivables were comprised of the following customer concentrations:

Customer 1
Customer 2

Customer 3
Customer 4
Customer 5
Customer 6
Customer 7

2017

2016

% of
Revenues

% of
Receivables

% of
Revenues

% of
Receivables

17%
14%

13%
9%
2%
3%
4%

10%
—%

7%
11%
15%
2%
—%

7%
19%

9%
8%
—%
11%
5%

—%
—%

9%
4%
—%
10%
10%

At December 31, 2017 and 2016, and for the years then ended, the Company's segment revenues were comprised of the following customer concentrations:

Customer 1
Customer 2
Customer 3

Customer 4
Customer 5
Customer 6
Customer 7

% of Revenue by Segment 2017

% of Revenue by Segment 2016

Black Oil

Refining

Recovery

Black Oil

Refining

Recovery

100%  
100%  
100%  

—%  
100%  
100%  
—%  

—%  
—%  
—%  

100%  
—%  
—%  
—%  

—%  
—%  
—%  

—%  
—%  
—%  
100%  

100%  
100%  
100%  

—%  
—%  
100%  
—%  

—%  
—%  
—%  

100%  
—%  
—%  
—%  

—%
—%
—%

—%
—%
—%
100%

The  Company’s  revenue,  profitability  and  future  rate  of  growth  are  substantially  dependent  on  prevailing  prices  for  petroleum-based  products.  Historically,  the
energy markets have been very volatile, and there can be no assurance that these prices will not be subject to wide fluctuations in the future. A substantial or
extended decline in such prices could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial position, results of operations, cash flows, and access to capital
and on the quantities of petroleum-based products that the Company can economically produce.

Business commitment:

On  June  5,  2016,  Vertex  Energy  and  Penthol  C.V.  (“ Penthol”)    of  the  Netherlands  aka  Penthol  LLC  (a  Penthol  subsidiary  in  the  United  States)  reached  an
agreement  for  Vertex  Energy  to  act  as  Penthol’s  exclusive  agent  to  provide  marketing,  sales,  and  logistical  duties  of  Group  III  base  oil  from  the  United  Arab
Emirates to the United States.  The start-up date was July 25, 2016, with a 5 year term through 2021 and the product will ship via truck, rail and barge.

F-17

EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Litigation:

The Company, in its normal course of business, is involved in various other claims and legal action. In the opinion of management, the outcome of these claims
and  actions  will  not  have  a  material  adverse  impact  upon  the  financial  position  of  the  Company. We  are  currently  party  to  the  following  material  litigation
proceedings:

Vertex Refining LA, LLC (" Vertex Refining LA"), the wholly-owned subsidiary of Vertex Operating was named as a defendant, along with numerous other parties,
i n five  lawsuits  filed  on  or  about  February  12,  2016,  in  the  Second  Parish  Court  for  the  Parish  of  Jefferson,  State  of  Louisiana,  Case  No.  121749,  by  Russell
Doucet et. al., Case No. 121750, by Kendra Cannon et. al., Case No. 121751, by Lashawn Jones et. al., Case No. 121752, by Joan Strauss et. al. and Case No.
121753, by Donna Allen et. al. The suits relate to alleged noxious and harmful emissions from our facility located in Marrero, Louisiana. The suits seek damages
for physical and emotional injuries, pain and suffering, medical expenses and deprivation of the use and enjoyment of plaintiffs’ homes. We intend to vigorously
defend ourselves and oppose the relief sought in the complaints, provided that at this stage of the litigation, the Company has no basis for determining whether
there is any likelihood of material loss associated with the claims and/or the potential and/or the outcome of the litigation.

E-Source Holdings, LLC ("E-Source"), the wholly-owned subsidiary of Vertex Operating, was named as a defendant (along with Motiva Enterprises, LLC,
("Motiva") in a lawsuit filed in the Sixtieth (60th) Judicial District, Jefferson County, Texas, on April 22, 2015. Pursuant to the lawsuit, Whole Environmental, Inc.
("Whole"), made certain allegations against E-Source and Motiva. The claims include Breach of Contract and Quantum Meruit actions relating to asbestos
abatement and remediation operations performed for defendants at Motiva's facility in Port Arthur, Jefferson County, Texas. The plaintiff alleges it is due monies
earned. Defendants have denied any amounts due to plaintiff. The suit seeks damages of approximately $864,000, along with pre-judgment and post-judgment
interest, the fair value of certain property alleged to be converted by defendants and reimbursement of legal fees. E-Source has asserted a counterclaim against
Whole for the filing of a mechanic’s lien in excess of any amount(s) actually due, as well as a cross-claim against Motiva. Under the terms of E-Source’s contract
with Motiva, Motiva, Motiva was to pay all sums due to any sub-contractors of E-Source. In management's opinion, any monies due to Whole, should be paid by
Motiva. E-Source seeks to recover the balance due under its contract with Motiva of approximately $1,000,000. The case is set for trial in the summer of 2018.
We intend to vigorously defend ourselves against the allegations made in the complaint. The Company has no basis of determining whether there is any
likelihood of material loss associated with the claims and/or the potential and/or the outcome of the litigation.

Leases

The Company has various leases for office facilities and vehicles which are classified as operating leases, and which expire at various times through 2032. Plant,
vehicle  and  equipment  leases  are  included  as  part  of cost  of  revenues,  and  office  leases  are  included  in  the  selling,  general  and  administrative  expenses  line
items in the consolidated statements of operations, respectively. Total rent expense for all operating leases for 2017 and 2016 is summarized as follows:

Office leases
Plant Leases
Vehicle and equipment leases

2017

2016

$

$

744,154   $

4,123,600  
363,616  

5,231,370   $

875,320
4,052,250
365,877

5,293,447

Minimum future lease commitments as of  December 31, 2017, are summarized as follows:

F-18

EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

 
 
 
Year ending December 31,

Office Facilities  

Vehicles

Plant Leases

Total

2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
Thereafter

$

474,927   $
454,427  
379,567  
354,462  
323,754  
3,275,000  

277,203 $
219,494
161,538
161,538
31,094
—

1,780,000   $
648,000  
648,000  
648,000  
270,000  
—  

2,532,130
1,321,921
1,189,105
1,164,000
624,848
3,275,000

$

5,262,137   $

850,867 $

3,994,000   $

10,107,004

The table above includes a plant lease expiring on May 1, 2018. At this point, the Company is planning to renew this lease for a period of 
estimated lease payment of $283,000 per month.

five more years at an

NOTE 5. FIXED ASSETS, NET

Fixed assets consist of the following:

Equipment

Furniture and fixtures
Leasehold improvements
Office equipment
Vehicles
Building
Construction in progress
Land

Total fixed assets
Less accumulated depreciation

Net fixed assets

Useful Life
(in years)

  December 31, 2017   December 31, 2016

7-20

  $

38,843,978   $

7
15
5
5
20

108,896  
2,323,356  
1,048,313  
7,175,147  
274,203  
12,612,208  
2,851,551  

65,237,652  
(16,617,824)  

37,260,920

108,896
2,303,156
713,095
6,702,093
—
12,675,648
2,553,000

62,316,808
(12,286,874)

  $

48,619,828   $

50,029,934

Depreciation expense was  $4,817,264 and $4,502,597 for the years ended  December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

Equipment  under  construction  in  progress  is  related  to  TCEP  technology  improvements  and  refining  equipment  at  the  Marrero  and  Myrtle  Grove  facilities  in
Louisiana.

Asset retirement obligations:

The Company has asset retirement obligations with respect to certain of its refinery assets due to various legal obligations to clean and/or dispose of various
component parts of each refinery at the time they are retired. However, these component parts can be used for extended and indeterminate periods of time as
long as they are properly maintained and/or upgraded. It is the Company’s practice and current intent to maintain its refinery assets and continue making
improvements to those assets based on technological advances. As a result, the Company believes that its refinery assets have indeterminate lives for purposes
of estimating asset retirement obligations because dates, or ranges of dates, upon which the Company would retire refinery assets cannot reasonably be
estimated. When a date or range of dates can reasonably be estimated for the retirement of any component part of a refinery, the Company estimates the cost of
performing the retirement activities and records a liability for the fair value of that cost using established present value techniques.

F-19

EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTE 6. ACQUISITIONS

Acadiana Recovery, LLC

On February 2, 2017, the Company entered into and closed an Asset Purchase Agreement (the "APA") with Acadiana Recovery, LLC ("Acadiana") pursuant to
which the Company agreed to buy substantially all of Acadiana's customer relations, vehicles, equipment, supplies and tools for an aggregate purchase price of
$710,350. This resulted in the recognition of  $389,650 in fixed assets and  $320,700 in intangible assets as of the acquisition date.

Nickco Recycling, Inc.

On May 1, 2017, the Company entered into and closed an Asset Purchase Agreement (the "APA") with Nickco Recycling, Inc. ("Nickco") pursuant to which the
Company  agreed  to  buy  substantially  all  the  processing  equipment  and  the  rolling  stock  of  Nickco  for  aggregate  consideration  of $1,804,000.  This  included
$1,126,730  in  cash,  500,000 shares of restricted common stock and contingent  consideration  of 500,000 shares of common stock, which is payable only if the
assets acquired meet a pre-agreed EBITDA target for the 12 calendar months ending on the last day of the 12 th calendar month following closing. This resulted
in the recognition of $1,182,000 in fixed assets,  $585,000 in intangible assets, and  $203,000 as contingent consideration.

Acquisition of Ygriega Assets

On July 16, 2017, the Company entered into and closed an Asset Purchase and Sale Agreement with Ygriega Environmental Services, LLC ("Ygriega") pursuant
to which the Company agreed to buy substantially all the collections routes of Ygriega (which related to used oil, used oil filters, used anti-freeze and other related
services)  and  certain  other  assets,  for  aggregate  consideration  of $196,000,  which  included  $162,500  in  cash  at  time  of  closing  plus  $87,500  payable  in  two
installments  in  the  next  two  years  contingent  on  collected  oil  gallons  (i.e.,  adjustable  downward  in  the  event  certain  targets  are  not  met  in  such  years).  The
agreement also included a two year non-compete by the seller. This resulted in the recognition of  $38,500 in fixed assets,  $159,000 in intangibles, a bargain gain
of $1,500, and contingent consideration of  $33,500.

NOTE 7. GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET

Components of intangible assets (subject to amortization) and goodwill consist of the following items:

December 31, 2017

December 31, 2016

Useful Life
(in years)

Gross
Carrying
Amount

Accumulated
Amortization

Net
Carrying
Amount

Gross
Carrying
Amount

Accumulated
Amortization

Customer relations

Vendor relations

Trademark/Trade name

TCEP Technology/Patent

Non-compete agreements

Goodwill

5-8

10

6-16

15

3-5

  $

  $

1,588,700   $
6,654,497  
1,321,000  
13,287,000  
189,000  
176,349  
23,216,546   $

872,654   $

716,046   $

2,866,314  
423,514  
4,409,043  
145,667  
—  

8,717,192   $

3,788,183  
897,486  
8,877,957  
43,333  
176,349  
14,499,354   $

1,011,000   $
6,495,049  
1,219,000  
13,287,000  
139,000  
—  

22,151,049   $

Net
Carrying
Amount

321,968

4,284,883

881,724

9,763,757

—

—

689,032   $

2,210,166  
337,276  
3,523,243  
139,000  
—  

6,898,717   $

15,252,332

Intangible  assets  are  amortized  on  a  straight-line  basis.  We  continually  evaluate  the  amortization  period  and  carrying  basis  of  intangible  assets  to  determine
whether subsequent events and circumstances warrant a revised estimated useful life or reduction in value.

Total amortization expense of intangibles was  $1,818,475 and $1,715,653 for the years ended  December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

F-20

EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
Estimated future amortization expense is as follows:

2018
2019
2020
2021
2022

Thereafter

NOTE 8. ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE

Accounts receivable, net, consists of the following at December 31:

Accounts receivable trade
Allowance for doubtful accounts

Accounts receivable trade, net

$

$

1,808,808
1,742,039
1,728,722
1,728,722
1,695,365

5,619,349

14,323,005

$

$

2017

2016

12,925,059   $
(1,636,068)  

11,288,991   $

12,598,493
(1,646,274)

10,952,219

Accounts receivable represents amounts due from customers. Accounts receivable are recorded at invoiced amounts, net of reserves and allowances, and do not
bear interest. The Company uses its best estimate to determine the required allowance for doubtful accounts based on a variety of factors, including the length of
time receivables are past due, economic trends and conditions affecting its customer base, significant one-time events and historical write-off experience. Specific
provisions are recorded for individual receivables when we become aware of a customer’s inability to meet its financial obligations. The Company reviews the
adequacy of its reserves and allowances quarterly.

Receivable balances greater than 30 days past due are individually reviewed for collectability and if deemed uncollectible, are charged off against the allowance
accounts after all means of collection have been exhausted and the potential for recovery is considered remote.  The Company does not have any significant off
balance sheet credit exposure related to its customers.

NOTE 9. LINE OF CREDIT AND LONG-TERM DEBT

Credit and Guaranty Agreement and Revolving Credit Facility with Encina Business Credit, LLC

Effective February 1, 2017, we, Vertex Operating, and substantially all of our other operating subsidiaries, other than E-Source Holdings, LLC ("E-Source"),
entered into a Credit Agreement (the “EBC Credit Agreemen t”) with Encina Business Credit, LLC as agent (the “ Agent” or “EBC”) and Encina Business Credit
SPV, LLC and CrowdOut Capital LLC as lenders thereunder (the “EBC Lenders”). Pursuant to the EBC Credit Agreement, and the terms thereof, the EBC
Lenders agreed to loan us up to $20 million, provided that the amount outstanding under the EBC Credit Agreement at any time cannot exceed  50% of the value
of the operating plant facilities and related machinery and equipment owned by us (not including E-Source).

Amounts borrowed under the EBC Credit Agreement bear interest at  12%, 13% or 14% per annum, based on the ratio of (a) (i) consolidated EBITDA for such
applicable period minus (ii) capital expenditures made during such period, minus (iii) the aggregate amount of income taxes paid in cash during such period (but
not less than zero) to (b) the sum of (i) debt service charges plus (ii) the aggregate amount of all dividend or other distributions paid on capital stock in cash for
the most recently completed 12 month period (which ratio falls into one of the three following tiers: less than  1 to 1; from 1 to 1 to less than  1.45 to 1; or equal to
or greater than 1.45 to 1, which together with the value below, determines which interest rate is applicable) and average availability under the Revolving Credit
Agreement (defined below) (which falls into two tiers: less than $2.5 million and greater than or equal to  $2.5 million, which together with the calculation above,
determines which interest rate is applicable), as described in greater detail in the EBC Credit Agreement (increasing by 2% per annum upon the occurrence of an
event of default). Interest on amounts borrowed under the EBC Credit Agreement is payable by us in arrears, on the first

F-21

EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

 
 
 
business day of each month, beginning on the first business day of the first full month following the closing, together with required  $75,000 monthly principal
repayments. We also have the right to make voluntary repayments of the amount owed under the EBC Credit Agreement in amounts equal to or greater than
$100,000, from time to time.

The EBC Credit Agreement terminates on February 1, 2020, on which date we are required to repay the outstanding balance owed thereunder and any accrued
and unpaid interest thereon.

The amounts borrowed under the EBC Credit Agreement are guaranteed by us and our subsidiaries, other than E-Source, pursuant to a Guaranty and Security
Agreement (the “Guaranty and Security Agreement ”), whereby we also pledged substantially all of our assets and all of the securities of our subsidiaries (other
than E-Source) as collateral securing the amount due under the terms of the EBC Credit Agreement. We also provided EBC mortgages on our Marrero,
Louisiana, and Columbus, Ohio facilities to secure the repayment of outstanding amounts and agreed to provide mortgages on certain other real property to be
delivered post-closing. The post-closing mortgage properties provided were in Baytown, Pflugerville and Corpus Christi, Texas.

The EBC Credit Agreement contains customary representations, warranties and requirements for the Company to indemnify the EBC Lenders and their affiliates.
The EBC Credit Agreement also includes various covenants (positive and negative) binding upon the Company, including, prohibiting us from undertaking
acquisitions or dispositions unless they meet the criteria set forth in the EBC Credit Agreement, not incurring any capital expenditures in amount exceeding $3
million in any fiscal year that the EBC Credit Agreement is in place, and requiring us to maintain at least  $2.5 million of borrowing availability under the Revolving
Credit Agreement (defined below) in any 30 day period. As of December 31, 2017, the borrowing availability was $5,408,473, and the Company was in
compliance with all covenants thereunder.

The EBC Credit Agreement includes customary events of default for facilities of a similar nature and size as the EBC Credit Agreement, including if an event of
default occurs under any agreement evidencing $500,000 or more of indebtedness of the Company; we fail to make any payment when due under any material
agreement; subject to certain exceptions, any judgment is entered against the Company in an amount exceeding $500,000; and also provides that an event of
default occurs if a change in control of the Company occurs, which includes if (a) Benjamin P. Cowart, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer, Chairman of the
Board and largest shareholder and Chris Carlson, the Chief Financial Officer of the Company, cease to own and control legally and beneficially, collectively, either
directly or indirectly, equity securities in Vertex Energy, Inc., representing more than 15% of the combined voting power of all securities entitled to vote for
members of the board of directors or equivalent on a fully-diluted basis, (b) the acquisition of ownership, directly or indirectly, beneficially or of record, by any
person or group of securities representing more than 30% of the aggregate ordinary voting power represented by the issued and outstanding securities of Vertex
Energy, Inc., or (c) during any period of 12 consecutive months, a majority of the members of the board of directors of the Company cease to be composed of
individuals (i) who were members of that board or equivalent governing body on the first day of such period, (ii) whose election or nomination to that board or
equivalent governing body was approved by individuals referred to in clause (i) above constituting at the time of such election or nomination at least a majority of
that board or equivalent governing body or (iii) whose election or nomination to that board or other equivalent governing body was approved by individuals
referred to in clauses (i) and (ii) above constituting at the time of such election or nomination at least a majority of that board or equivalent governing body
(collectively “Events of Default ”). An event of default under the Revolving Credit Agreement (defined below), is also an event of default under the EBC Credit
Agreement.

Effective February 1, 2017, we, Vertex Operating and substantially all of our operating subsidiaries, other than E-Source, entered into a Revolving Credit
Agreement (the “Revolving Credit Agreement ”) with Encina Business Credit SPV, LLC as lender (“ Encina”) and EBC as the administrative agent. Pursuant to the
Revolving Credit Agreement, and the terms thereof, Encina agreed to loan us, on a revolving basis, up to $10 million, subject to the terms of the Revolving Credit
Agreement and certain lending ratios set forth therein, which provide that the amount outstanding thereunder cannot exceed an amount equal to the total of (a)
the lesser of (A) the value (as calculated in the Revolving Credit Agreement) of our inventory which are raw materials or finished goods that are merchantable and
readily saleable to the public in the ordinary course of our business (“EBC Eligible Inventory”), net of certain inventory reserves, multiplied by  85% of the
appraised value of EBC Eligible Inventory, or (B) the value (as calculated in the Revolving Credit Agreement) of EBC Eligible Inventory, net of certain inventory
reserves, multiplied by 65%, subject to a ceiling of  $4 million, plus (b) the face amount of certain accounts receivables (net of certain reserves applicable thereto)
multiplied by 85% (subject to adjustment as provided in the Revolving Credit Agreement); minus (c) the then-current amount of certain reserves that the agent
may determine necessary for the Company to maintain. At December 31, 2017, the maximum amount available to be borrowed was $5,408,473, based on the
above borrowing base calculation.

F-22

EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

    
        
        
    
    
Amounts borrowed under the Revolving Credit Agreement bear interest, subject to the terms of the Revolving Credit Agreement, at the one month LIBOR interest
rate then in effect, subject to a floor of 0.25% (which interest rate is currently approximately  0.78% per annum), plus an additional  6.50% per annum (increasing by
2% per annum upon the occurrence of an event of default), provided that under certain circumstances amounts borrowed bear interest at the higher of (a) the
“prime rate”; (b) the Federal Funds Rate, plus 0.50%; and (c) the LIBOR Rate for a one month interest period, plus  1.00%. Interest on amounts borrowed under
the Revolving Credit Agreement is payable by us in arrears, on the first business day of each month, beginning on the first business day of the first full month
following the closing.

The Revolving Credit Agreement terminates on February 1, 2020, on which date we are required to repay the outstanding balance owed thereunder and any
accrued and unpaid interest thereon. Borrowings under a revolving credit agreement that contain a subjective acceleration clause and also require a borrower to
maintain a lockbox with the lender (whereby lockbox receipts may be applied to reduce the amount outstanding under the revolving credit agreement) are
considered short-term obligations. As a result, the debt is classified as a current liability at December 31, 2017.

The amounts borrowed under the Revolving Credit Agreement are guaranteed by us and our subsidiaries, other than E-Source, pursuant to a separate Guaranty
and Security Agreement, similar to the EBC Credit Agreement, described in greater detail above. We also provided Encina mortgages on our Marrero, Louisiana,
and Columbus, Ohio facilities to secure the repayment of outstanding amounts.

The Revolving Credit Agreement contains customary representations, warranties and requirements for the Company to indemnify Encina and its affiliates. The
Revolving Credit Agreement also includes various covenants (positive and negative) binding upon the Company, including, prohibiting us from undertaking
acquisitions or dispositions unless they meet the criteria set forth in the Revolving Credit Agreement, not incurring any capital expenditures in amount exceeding
$3 million in any fiscal year that the Revolving Credit Agreement is in place, and requiring us to maintain at least  $2.5 million of borrowing availability under the
Revolving Credit Agreement in any 30 day period.

The Revolving Credit Agreement includes customary events of default for facilities of a similar nature and size as the Revolving Credit Agreement, including the
same Events of Default as are described above under the description of the EBC Credit Agreement.

A total of $11,282,537 of the amount initially borrowed under the EBC Credit Agreement and Revolving Credit Agreement was used to repay amounts owed
under (a) the Restated Credit Agreement with Goldman Sachs Bank USA (defined below), (b) our loan agreement with MidCap (defined below); and (c) the Fox
Note (defined below), all of which have been repaid in full as of the date of this filing. Additionally, in connection with the repayment of such obligations, the
Restated Goldman Credit Agreement and Midcap Loan Agreement, and our right to borrow funds thereunder were terminated.

The balance of the EBC Credit Agreement and the Revolving Credit Agreement as of December 31, 2017 are  $14,750,000 and $4,591,527, respectively.

Amendments to Credit Agreements

On December 15, 2017, we and Vertex Operating, entered into (a) a First Amendment to Credit Agreement, with the agent, and lender; and (b) a Second
Amendment to the Revolving Credit Agreement, with the agent, and the lenders (collectively, the “Credit Agreement Amendments ”).

The Credit Agreement Amendments amended the Credit Agreements to decrease the required minimum availability under the Credit Agreements to  $1.5 million
for periods prior to December 31, 2017 (effective as of November 5, 2017) and $2.5 million thereafter. Previously the Company was required to maintain minimum
availability of at least $2.5 million at all times.

In May 2014, the Company entered into a Credit and Guaranty Agreement with Goldman Sachs Bank USA (as amended, the “ Credit Agreement”). Pursuant to
the agreement, Goldman Sachs Bank USA loaned the Company $40 million in the form of a term loan. As set forth in the Credit Agreement, the Company has
the option to select whether loans made under the Credit Agreement bear interest at (a) the greater of (i) the prime rate in effect, (ii) the weighted average of the
rates on overnight Federal funds transactions with members of the Federal Reserve System plus ½ of 1%, (iii) the sum of (A) the Adjusted LIBOR Rate and (B)
1%, and (iv)  4.5% per annum; or (b) the greater of (i)  1.50% and (ii) the applicable ICE Benchmark

F-23

EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

 
Administration Limited interest rate, divided by (x) one minus, (y) the Adjusted LIBOR Rate. Interest on the Credit Agreement is payable monthly in arrears.

The Credit Agreement was secured by all of the assets of the Company.

On March 26, 2015, the Company entered into a Second Amendment with Goldman Sachs Bank USA to amend the Credit Agreement to among other things,
provide for the waiver of the prior defaults and to restructure certain covenants and other financial requirements of the Credit Agreement and to allow for our entry
into the MidCap Loan Agreement.

The Credit Agreement contained customary representations, warranties, and covenants for facilities of similar nature and size as the Credit Agreement. The Credit
Agreement also included various covenants binding the Company including limits on indebtedness the Company could incur and maintenance of certain financial
ratios relating to consolidated EBITDA and debt leverage.

On January 29, 2016, we, Vertex Operating, certain of our other subsidiaries, Goldman Sachs Specialty Lending Holdings, Inc., as lender (“ Lender”) and Goldman
Sachs  Bank  USA,  a  New  York  State-Chartered  Bank,  as  Administrative  Agent,  Lead  Arranger  and  Collateral  Agent  (“Agent”)  entered  into  an  Amended  and
Restated Credit and Guaranty Agreement (the “Restated Credit Agreement ”). The Restated Credit Agreement changed the Credit Agreement to an $8.9  million
multi-draw term loan credit facility (of which approximately $6.4 million was outstanding and  $2.5 million was available to be drawn pursuant to the terms of the
Restated Credit Agreement on substantially similar terms as the then outstanding amounts owed to the Lender); modified the Credit Agreement to adjust certain
EBITDA calculations in connection with the purchase of Bango Oil and the sale of the Bango Plant; provided for approval for us to exercise the Purchase Option,
enter  into  and  effect  the  transactions  contemplated  by  a  Membership  Interest  Purchase  Agreement,  Subscription  Agreement,  and  the  Sale  Agreement,  and
allowed  for  the  issuance  of  the  Fox  Note  (defined  below)  and  a  Mortgage  securing  such  obligation,  confirmed  that  we  were  required  to  make  payments  of
$800,000 per quarter from June 30, 2016 through maturity (May 2, 2019); provided us a moratorium on the prepayment of amounts owed under the Restated
Credit Agreement as a result of various financial ratios we are required to meet through December 31, 2016; provided for us to retain any business interruption
insurance  proceeds  received  in  connection  with  the  Bango  Plant;  provided  for  us  to  pay $16  million  received  at  closing  from  the  sale  of  the  Bango  Assets,  all
amounts released from escrow and any other cash proceeds in excess of $500,000 received from the Sale Agreement after closing to the Lender as prepayment
of amounts due under the Restated Credit Agreement; allowed us the right to make certain permitted acquisitions moving forward, without further consent of the
Lender, provided that among other requirements, such acquisitions are in the same business or line of business as the Company, that such acquired businesses
have generated consolidated adjusted EBITDA for the four fiscal quarters preceding such acquisition in excess of capital expenditures for such period (taking into
account  adjustments  acceptable  to  the  Agent  for  synergies  expected  to  be  achieved  within  the 90  days  following  the  closing  of  such  acquisition),  and  that  the
funding  for  such  acquisition  comes  from  certain  limited  sources  set  forth  in  greater  detail  in  the  Restated  Credit  Agreement;  adjusted  certain  fixed  charge
coverage ratios and leverage ratios we were required to meet on a quarterly basis from September 30, 2016 to maturity; required us to maintain at least $2  million
of liquidity at all times; provided that events of default under the Credit Agreement include events of default under the Fox Note (defined below); and made various
other updates and changes to take into account transactions which had occurred through the date of such agreement, and to remove expired and non-material
terms of the prior Credit Agreement. The Credit Agreement was terminated effective February 1, 2017.

MidCap Loan Agreement

Effective March 27, 2015, the Company, Vertex Operating and all of the Company’s other subsidiaries other than E-Source and Golden State Lubricant Works,
LLC entered into a Loan and Security Agreement with MidCap Business Credit LLC (“MidCap” and the “MidCap Loan Agreement”). Pursuant to the MidCap Loan
Agreement,  MidCap  agreed  to  loan  us  up  to  the  lesser  of  (i) $7  million;  and  (ii)  85%  of  the  amount  of  accounts  receivable  due  to  us  which  meet  certain
requirements set forth in the MidCap Loan Agreement (“Qualified Accounts”), plus the lesser of (y)  $3 million and (z)  50% of the cost or market value, whichever is
lower,  of  our  raw  material  and  finished  goods  which  had  not  yet  been  sold,  subject  to  the  terms  and  conditions  of  the  MidCap  Loan  Agreement  (“Eligible
Inventory”), minus any amount which MidCap may require from time to time in order to over secure amounts owed to MidCap under the MidCap Loan Agreement,
as long as no event of default had occurred or was continuing under the terms of the MidCap Loan Agreement. The requirement of MidCap to make loans under
the MidCap Loan Agreement was subject to certain standard conditions and requirements.

On November 9, 2015, we and certain of our subsidiaries entered into a First Amendment to Loan and Security Agreement (the “ Midcap First Amendment”). The
Midcap  First  Amendment  amended  the  Midcap  Loan  Agreement  to  add  Vertex  Refining  OH,  LLC  ("Vertex  OH")  as  a  party  thereto;  remove  Vertex  OH’s
requirement to enter into a negative pledge agreement with MidCap;

F-24

EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

created  separate  maximum  borrowing  base  credit  limits  for  Vertex  OH’s  accounts  and  customers  ( $100,000  maximum  per  customer,  subject  to  certain
exceptions); excluded customers who are based outside of the U.S. or Canada from the credit limits if backed by a bank letter of credit or covered by a foreign
receivables  insurance  policy;  removed  inventory  of  Vertex  OH  from  the  definition  of  Eligible  Inventory  under  the  Midcap  Loan  Agreement;  and  provided  that
additional  affiliates  of  the  Company  may  become  party  to  the  Midcap  Loan  Agreement  by  executing  an  assumption  agreement  and  revolving  note  in  favor  of
Midcap. The MidCap Loan Agreement was terminated effective February 1, 2017.

Fox Note

On January 29, 2016, Vertex OH, borrowed  $5.15 million from Fox Encore 05 LLC, the prior owner of Bango Oil (" Fox Encore") and provided a Promissory Note
to Fox Encore to reflect such borrowed funds (the “Fox Note”). The Fox Note bears interest at  10% percent per annum (15% upon the occurrence of an event of
default), payable monthly in arrears beginning on February 29, 2016. The principal and all accrued and unpaid interest on the Fox Note was due on the earlier of
(a) July 31, 2016 (as may be extended by Vertex OH as discussed below, the “Maturity Date”), or (b) upon acceleration of the Fox Note during the existence of
an  event  of  default  as  discussed  therein.  Provided  that  no  event  of  default  was  then  existing  on  the  Fox  Note  or  under  any  other  loan  document  associated
therewith,  and  certain  other  requirements  as  described  in  the  Fox  Note  are  met,  Vertex  OH  had  the  right  to three  (3)  extension  options  (each,  an  “ Extension
Option”) pursuant to which Vertex OH could extend the Maturity Date for  6 (6) months each. The first extension extended the Maturity Date of the Fox Note until
January 31, 2017 and Vertex OH exercised this Extension Option on June 16, 2016. The second extension would have extended the Maturity Date of the Fox
Note until July 31, 2017, and the third extension would have extended the Maturity Date of the Fox Note until January 29, 2018. Upon exercising an Extension
Option, Vertex OH was required to pay Fox Encore an extension fee equal to 3% of the then outstanding principal amount of the Fox Note, which amount was
separate  from,  and  is  not  applied  toward,  the  outstanding  indebtedness  owed  under  the  Fox  Note;  provided,  however,  upon  exercise  of  the  initial  Extension
Option, the 3% fee for such extension was not required to be paid in cash but instead only resulted in the termination of a prepayment discount described below.
The Fox Note could be prepaid in whole or in part at any time without penalty, provided that if repaid in full by July 31, 2016, the amount to be repaid was to be
decreased  by $150,000.  The  Fox  Note  was  secured  by  a  Mortgage.  The  Fox  Note  included  certain  standard  and  customary  financial  reporting  requirements,
notice requirements, indemnification requirements, covenants and events of default. The Fox Note also included a provision allowing the Lender (or any other
lender party to the Restated Credit Agreement) to purchase the Fox Note upon the occurrence of an event of default under the Restated Credit Agreement. The
Fox Note was repaid in full effective February 1, 2017.

Texas Citizens Bank Loan Agreement

The Company has notes payable to Texas Citizens Bank bearing interest at  5.50% per annum, maturing on January 7, 2020.  The balances of the notes payable
are $834,283 and $ 1,531,506 at December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively.

Insurance Premiums

The  Company  financed  insurance  premiums  through  various  financial  institutions  bearing  interest  rates  from  4.00%  to 4.52%.  All  such  premium  finance
agreements have maturities of less than one year and have a balance of $803,392 at December 31, 2017 and $ 1,060,065 at December 31, 2016.

Capital Leases

On May 2, 2014, in connection with the closing of the Omega Refining acquisition, the Company assumed  two capital leases. Payments made since 2014 have
reduced the capital lease obligation to $0 and $ 133,153 at December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively.

F-25

EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

The Company's outstanding debt facilities as of December 31,  2017 and December 31, 2016 are summarized as follows:

Creditor

Loan Type

Origination Date

Maturity Date

Loan Amount

Balance on
December 31, 2017

Balance on
December 31, 2016

Encina Business Credit,
LLC
Encina Business Credit
SPV, LLC
MidCap Revolving Line
of Credit

Goldman Sachs USA
Fox Encore Promissory
Note
Pacific Western Bank
Texas Citizens Bank

Various institutions

Total
Deferred finance costs,
net
Total, net of deferred
finance costs, net

  Term Loan

  February 1, 2017

  February 1, 2020

  $

20,000,000   $

14,750,000 $

  Revolving Note

  February 1, 2017

  February 1, 2020

  $

10,000,000  

4,591,527

  Revolving Note

  March, 2015

  March, 2017 (1)

  $

7,000,000  

Term Loan - Restated
Credit Agreement

  Promissory Note
  Capital Lease
  Term Note

Insurance premiums
financed

  May, 2014

  May 2, 2019 (1)

  $

8,900,000  

  January 29, 2012
  September, 2012
  January, 2015

  July 31, 2017 (1)
  August, 2017
  January, 2020

  $
  $
  $

5,150,000  
3,154,860  
2,045,500  

  Various

  < 1 year

  $

2,902,428  

—

—

—
—
834,283

—

—

2,726,039

4,000,000

5,150,000
133,153
1,531,506

803,392

20,979,202

1,060,065

14,600,763

(1,239,570)

(244,178)

  $

19,739,632 $

14,356,585

(1) Paid in full and terminated on February 1, 2017.

Future maturities of debt facilities are summarized as follows:

Creditor

2018

2019

2020

2021

2022

Thereafter

Encina Business Credit, LLC
Texas Citizens Bank
Encina Business Credit SPV, LLC
Various institutions

Totals
Deferred finance costs, net

  $

900,000   $
495,013  
4,591,527  
803,392  

6,789,932  
(581,479)  

900,000   $
339,270  
—  
—  

12,950,000   $

—  
—  
—  

1,239,270  
(581,479)  

12,950,000  
(76,612)  

Totals, net of deferred finance costs

  $

6,208,453   $

657,791   $

12,873,388   $

—   $
—  
—  
—  

—  
—  

—   $

—   $
—  
—  
—  

—  
—  

—   $

—
—
—
—

—
—

—

F-26

EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
   
 
   
   
   
   
 
   
   
   
   
 
   
   
   
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTE 10. INCOME TAXES

On December 22, 2017, the Tax Reform Act was signed into law. The legislation significantly changes U.S. tax law by, among other things, lowering the U.S.
corporate income tax rate from a maximum of 35% to a flat 21% rate, effective January 1, 2018. As a result of the decrease in the corporate income tax rate, we
revalued our ending net deferred tax assets at December 31, 2017, but did not recognize any incremental income tax expense in 2017 due to the revaluation of
the valuation allowance.

On December 22, 2017, the SEC staff issued Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118 (“SAB 118”) to address the application of U.S. GAAP in situations when a
registrant does not have the necessary information available, prepared, or analyzed (including computations) in reasonable detail to complete the accounting for
certain income tax effects of the Tax Reform Act. We have provisionally recognized the incremental tax impacts related to the revaluation of deferred tax assets
and liabilities and our reassessment of uncertain tax positions and valuation allowances and included these amounts in our Consolidated Financial Statements for
the year ended December 31, 2017. The ultimate impact may differ from these provisional amounts, possibly materially, due to, among other things, additional
technical analysis including changes in interpretations and assumptions we have made with respect to the Tax Act. The accounting is expected to be complete by
the fourth quarter of 2018.

The components of income tax (benefit) expense for the years ended  December 31, 2017 and 2016 are as follows: 

Current federal tax (expense)/benefit
Deferred federal tax (expense)/benefit

Total federal tax (expense)/benefit

December 31, 2017

December 31, 2016

  $

  $

—   $

274,423  

274,423   $

117,646
—

117,646

Reconciliation between the amount determined by applying the U.S. federal income tax rate of  34% to pretax income from continuing operations as a result of the
following for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016: 

Statutory tax on book  income
Permanent differences
Change in derivative liability
Change in expected tax rate
Change in valuation allowance
Prior year return true up

Income tax expense (benefit)

December 31, 2017

December 31, 2016

$

$

(2,860,000)   $
135,000  
(721,000)  
6,897,408  
(3,672,000)  
(53,831)  

(274,423)   $

(1,344,000)
32,000
—
—
(9,306,753)
10,501,107

(117,646)

F-27

EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The tax effect of temporary differences that give rise to significant portions of the deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities at  December 31, 2017 and 2016
are presented below:

Deferred tax assets:

Alternative minimum tax credits
Accrued bonus and stock based compensation
Intangible assets
Bad debt reserve
Contribution carryover
Net operating loss carry forwards
Less valuation allowance

  Total deferred tax assets

Deferred tax liabilities:

Accelerated tax depreciation

Net deferred tax liabilities

Net deferred tax assets and liabilities

December 31, 2017

December 31, 2016

$

$

$

$

$

274,000   $
225,000  
1,013,000  
344,000  
18,000  
11,670,000  
(11,142,000)  

2,402,000   $

274,000
464,000
1,990,000
560,000
67,000
14,735,000
(14,814,000)

3,276,000

December 31, 2017

December 31, 2016

(2,128,000)   $

(2,128,000)   $

(3,276,000)

(3,276,000)

274,000   $

—

The  Company  provides  a  valuation  allowance  when  it  is  more  likely  than  not  that  some  portion  of  the  deferred  tax  assets  will  not  be  realized.    Management
assesses the available positive and negative evidence to estimate if sufficient future taxable income will be generated to utilize the existing deferred tax assets.
Based  on  this  evaluation,  as  of December 31, 2017,  a  valuation  allowance  of  approximately  $11,142,000 has been recorded on the net deferred tax assets in
order  to  measure  only  the  portion  of  the  deferred  tax  assets  that  more  than  likely  not  will  be  realized.  As  of December  31,  2016,  a  valuation  allowance  of
$14,814,000 was recorded against the net deferred tax asset not expected to be realized.

The Company is subject to examination by Federal and State tax authorities for fiscal years  2012 through 2017, except for utilization of net operating losses.

A t December  31,  2017,  the  Company  had  federal  net  operating  loss  carry-forwards  (" NOLs")  of  approximately $55.6  million  acquired  as  part  of  the  Merger
between  World  Waste  and  the  Company's  wholly-owned  subsidiary  Vertex  Merger  Sub,  LLC  and  subsequent  operating  losses  incurred  by  the  Company.  IRC
Sections 382 and 383 provide an annual limitation with respect to the ability of a corporation to utilize its tax attributes against future U.S. taxable income in the
event of a change in ownership.  The net operating loss carry-forwards at December 31, 2017 reflect a reduction of approximately $32.5 million as a result of an
ownership change triggering event in May 2016, as defined under IRC Section 382. The net operating loss carryforward will begin to expire in 2026.

F-28

EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTE 11. STOCK BASED COMPENSATION

The stock based compensation cost that has been charged against income by the Company was  $606,446  and $527,869  for  the  years  ended  December  31,
2017 and 2016, respectively, for options previously awarded by the Company.

Stock option activity for the years ended  December 31, 2017 and 2016 are summarized as follows:

OPTIONS ISSUED FOR COMPENSATION:

Shares

Weighted Average Exercise
Price

Weighted Average
Remaining Contractual Life
(in Years)

Grant Date
Fair Value

Outstanding at December 31, 2015
Options granted
Options exercised
Options cancelled/forfeited/expired

Outstanding at December 31, 2016

Vested at December 31, 2016

Exercisable at December 31, 2016

Outstanding at December 31, 2016
Options granted

Options exercised
Options cancelled/forfeited/expired

Outstanding at December 31, 2017

Vested at December 31, 2017

Exercisable at December 31, 2017

2,873,582   $
570,000  
(100,000)  
(136,666)  

3,206,916   $

2,044,104   $

2,044,104   $

3,206,916   $
500,000  

—  
(526,499)  

3,180,417   $

1,959,167   $

1,959,167   $

4.99  
1.38  
(0.50)  
(8.64)  

4.33  

4.05  

4.05  

4.33  
1.01  

—  
(14.00)  

2.21  

2.55  

2.55  

5.94   $
9.72  
0.00  
0.00  

5.80   $

4.29   $

4.29   $

5.80   $
8.12  

0.00  
0.00  

4.62   $

4.45   $

4.45   $

2,585,341
622,115
(27,753)
(213,675)

2,966,028

1,295,727

1,295,727

2,966,028
363,089

—
(30,921)

3,298,196

1,885,850

1,885,850

On January 4, 2017, the Board of Directors granted  one employee options to purchase an aggregate of 20,000 shares of common stock at an exercise price of
$1.31 per share with a  5 year term (subject to continued employment/directorship), vesting at the rate of 1/4th of such options per year on the first  4 anniversaries
of the grant, under our 2013 Stock Incentive Plan, as amended, in consideration for services rendered and to be rendered to the Company.

On  August  21,  2017,  the  Board  of  Directors  granted  5  employees  and 1  employee  options  to  purchase  an  aggregate  of 330,000  and 150,000,  respectively,
shares  of  common  stock  at  an  exercise  price  of $0.97  and $1.07  per  share,  respectively,  with  a  ten  year  and 5  year  term,  respectively,  (subject  to  continued
employment/directorship), vesting at the rate of 1/4th of such options per year on the first 4 anniversaries of the grant, under our 2013 Stock Incentive Plan, as
amended, in consideration for services rendered and to be rendered to the Company.

On February 5, 2016, the Board of Directors granted an employee options to purchase an aggregate of  100,000 shares of common stock at an exercise price of
$1.73  per  share,  with  a  ten  year  term  (subject  to  continued  employment/directorship),  vesting  at  the  rate  of  1/4th  of  such  options  per  year  on  the  first  four
anniversaries of the grant, under our 2013 Stock Incentive Plan, as amended, in consideration for services rendered and to be rendered to the Company.

On June 6, 2016, the Board of Directors granted  10 employees options to purchase an aggregate of 170,000 shares of common stock at an exercise price of
$1.39  per  share,  with  a  ten  year  term  (subject  to  continued  employment/directorship),  vesting  at  the  rate  of  1/4th  of  such  options  per  year  on  the  first  four
anniversaries of the grant, under our 2013 Stock Incentive Plan, as amended, in consideration for services rendered and to be rendered to the Company.

On December 13, 2016, the Board of Directors granted our non-executive directors options to purchase an aggregate of  300,000 shares of common stock at an
exercise price of $1.26 per share (60,000 options per non-executive director), with a  ten year term (subject to continued employment/directorship), vesting at the
rate of 1/4th of such options per year on the first four anniversaries of the grant, under our 2013 Stock Incentive Plan, as amended, in consideration for services
rendered and to be rendered to the Company.

F-29

EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
A summary of the Company’s stock warrant activity and related information for the years ended  December 31, 2017 and 2016 is as follows:

WARRANTS ISSUED AND OTHER THAN SERIES B
AND B1 PREFERRED STOCK:

Warrants

Weighted Average Exercise
Price

Weighted Average
Remaining Contractual Life
(in Years)

Grant Date
Fair Value

Outstanding at December 31, 2015
Warrants granted
Warrants exercised
Warrants canceled/forfeited/expired

Warrants at December 31, 2016

Vested at December 31, 2016

Exercisable at December 31, 2016

Outstanding at December 31, 2016
Warrants granted
Warrants exercised
Warrants canceled/forfeited/expired

Warrants at December 31, 2017

Vested at December 31, 2017

Exercisable at December 31, 2017

219,868   $
—   $
—  
—  

219,868   $

219,868   $

219,868   $

219,868   $
—   $
—  
—  

219,868   $

219,868   $

219,868   $

3.01  
—  
—  
—  

3.01  

3.01  

3.01  

3.01  
—  
—  
—  

3.01  

3.01  

3.01  

4.00   $
—   $
—  
—  

3.00   $

3.00   $

3.00   $

3.00   $
—   $
—  
—  

2.00   $

2.00   $

2.00   $

140,249
—
—
—

140,249

140,249

140,249

140,249
—
—
—

140,249

140,249

140,249

See "Note 15. Preferred Stock and Temporary Equity " for a description of the warrants that were granted in conjunction with our Series B and B1 Preferred stock.

The following table summarizes the assumptions used in assessing the above described option and warrant valuations: 

Expected volatility
Expected dividends
Expected term (in years)
Risk-free rate

NOTE 12. EARNINGS PER SHARE

YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
2017

YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
2016

78-79%
—%
5-10
2.20-2.40%

78-79%
—%
5-10
.91-1.57%

Basic earnings per share includes no dilution and is computed by dividing income (loss) available to common shareholders by the weighted average number of
common shares outstanding for the periods presented. The calculation of basic earnings per share for the years ended December 31, 2017  and  December  31,
2016, respectively, includes the weighted average of common shares outstanding.  Diluted earnings per share reflect the potential dilution of securities that could
share  in  the  earnings  of  an  entity,  such  as  convertible  preferred  stock,  stock  options,  warrants  or  convertible  securities.    Due  to  their  anti-dilutive  effect,  the
calculation  of  diluted  earnings  per  share  for  the  years  ended December  31,  2017  and  December  31,  2016  excludes:  1)  options  to  purchase  3,180,417  and
3,063,852 shares, respectively, of common stock, 2) warrants to purchase 7,353,056 and 4,252,135 shares, respectively, of common stock, 3) Series B Preferred
Stock which is convertible into 3,427,597 and 3,229,409 shares, respectively, of common stock, 4) Series B1 Preferred Stock which is convertible into  13,151,989
and 12,282,638  shares,  respectively,  of  common  stock,  5)  Series  A  Preferred  Stock  which  is  convertible  into  453,567  and 492,716  shares,  respectively,  of
common stock,

F-30

EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

 
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
and  6) 31,568  and 31,568  shares,  respectively,  of  Series  C  Preferred  Stock,  which  is  convertible  into  3,156,800  and 3,156,800  shares  of  common  stock,
respectively.

The following is a reconciliation of the numerator and denominator for basic and diluted earnings per share for the years ended  December 31, 2017 and 2016:

Basic Earnings per Share

Numerator:

Net income (loss) available to common shareholders

Denominator:

Weighted-average common shares outstanding

Basic earnings per share

Diluted Earnings per Share

Numerator:

2017

2016

  $

  $

(11,824,602)   $

(15,537,395)

32,653,402  

30,520,820

(0.36)   $

(0.51)

Net income (loss) available to common shareholders

  $

(11,824,602)   $

(15,537,395)

Denominator:

Weighted-average shares outstanding
Effect of dilutive securities

Stock options and warrants
Preferred stock

Diluted weighted-average shares outstanding

Diluted earnings (loss) per share

NOTE 13. COMMON STOCK

32,653,402  

30,520,820

—  
—  

—
—

32,653,402  

30,520,820

  $

(0.36)   $

(0.51)

The  total  number  of  authorized  shares  of  the  Company’s  common  stock  is  750,000,000  shares, $0.001  par  value  per  share.  As  of  December  31,  2017  and
December 31, 2016, there were 32,658,176 and 33,151,391, respectively, shares of common stock issued and outstanding.

Each share of the Company's common stock is entitled to equal dividends and distributions per share with respect to the common stock when, as and if declared
by the Company's board of directors. No holder of any shares of the Company's common stock has a preemptive right to subscribe for any of the Company's
securities, nor are any shares of the Company's common stock subject to redemption or convertible into other securities. Upon liquidation, dissolution or winding-
up of the Company and after payment of creditors and preferred shareholders of the Company, if any, the assets of the Company will be divided pro rata on a
share-for-share basis among the holders of the Company's common stock. Each share of the Company's common stock is entitled to one  vote.  Shares  of  the
Company's common stock do not possess any cumulative voting rights.

On  January  27,  2017,  the  Company  issued  66,564  shares  of  common  stock  in  connection  with  the  conversion  of  66,564  shares  of  Series  B1  Convertible
Preferred Stock.

On  January  30,  2017,  the  Company  issued  10,000  shares  of  common  stock  in  connection  with  the  conversion  of  10,000  shares  of  Series  B1  Convertible
Preferred Stock.

On  February  2,  2017,  the  Company  issued  30,072  shares  of  common  stock  in  connection  with  the  conversion  of  30,072  shares  of  our  Series  A  Convertible
Preferred Stock.

On March 10, 2017, the Company received and cancelled  1,108,928 shares of common stock previously held in escrow as part of the escrow fulfillment of the
sale of the Vertex Refining NV assets to Safety-Kleen System, Inc. (the "Bango Sale"). The sales agreement is more fully described in  Note 15. Disposition.

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On May 12, 2017, the Company issued  6,036 shares of common stock in connection with the conversion of  6,036 shares of our Series A Convertible Preferred
Stock.

On  May  26,  2017,  the  Company  issued  500,000  shares  of  common  stock  in  connection  with  the  Nickco  acquisition,  which  is  more  fully  described  in  Note  6.
Acquisition.

On  October  20,  2017,  the  Company  issued  3,041  shares  of  common  stock  in  connection  with  the  conversion  of  3,041  shares  of  our  Series  A  Convertible
Preferred Stock.

On January 21, 2016, the Company issued  244,000 shares of common stock to pay the January 2016 rent due pursuant to the terms of our lease on our Fallon,
Nevada plant.

On January 29, 2016, the Company issued  1,108,928 shares of common stock as part of the escrow fulfillment of the sale of the Vertex Refining Nevada assets
to Safety-Kleen Systems, Inc. (the "Bango Sale").

On  February  4,  2016,  the  Company  issued  53,271  shares  of  common  stock  in  connection  with  a  former  employee's  cashless  exercise  of  stock  options  to
purchase 100,000 shares of common stock.

On February 5, 2016, the Company issued  120,227 shares of common stock in connection with the conversion of an equal amount of Series A Preferred shares
into common stock.

On August 2, 2016, the Company issued  1,243,200 shares of common stock in connection with the conversion of  12,432 shares of Series C Preferred stock at
par value of $0.001.

On October 31, 2016, a holder of our Series B1 Convertible Preferred Stock converted  403,217 shares of our Series B1 Convertible Preferred Stock into  403,217
shares of our common stock at par value of $0.001.

On  November  2,  2016,  a  holder  of  our  Series  B  Convertible  Preferred  Stock  converted  1,739,272  shares  of  our  Series  B  Convertible  Preferred  Stock  into
1,739,272 shares of our common stock at par value of $0.001.

NOTE 14.  PREFERRED STOCK AND TEMPORARY EQUITY

The  total  number  of  authorized  shares  of  the  Company’s  preferred  stock  is  50,000,000  shares, $0.001  par  value  per  share.  The  total  number  of  designated
shares  of  the  Company’s  Series  A  Preferred  Stock  is 5,000,000  (“Series  A  Preferred”).    The  total  number  of  designated  shares  of  the  Company’s  Series  B
Preferred  Stock  is 10,000,000.  The  total  number  of  designated  shares  of  the  Company’s  Series  B1  Preferred  Stock  is  17,000,000.  The  total  number  of
designated shares of the Company's Series C Preferred Stock is 44,000. As  of December  31,  2017  and December  31,  2016,  there  were  453,567  shares  and
492,716 shares of Series A Preferred Stock issued and outstanding, respectively. As of December 31, 2017  and December 31, 2016, there were  3,427,597  and
3,229,409 Series B Preferred shares issued and outstanding, respectively. In connection with the May 2016 Purchase Agreement described below under " Series
B1  Preferred  Stock  and  Temporary  Equity" , 3,575,070  shares  of  Series  B  Preferred  Stock  were  repurchased  and  retired.  As  of  December  31,  2017  and
December 31, 2016, there were  13,151,989 and 12,282,638 shares of Series B1 Preferred Stock issued and outstanding, respectively. As of December 31, 2017
and December 31, 2016 there were  31,568 and 31,568 shares of Series C Preferred Stock issued and outstanding, respectively. The 31,568 shares of Series C
Preferred Stock would convert into 3,156,800 shares of Common Stock.

Series A Preferred

Holders of outstanding shares of Series A Preferred are entitled to receive dividends, when, as, and if declared by our Board of Directors. No dividends or similar
distributions may be made on shares of capital stock or securities junior to our Series A Preferred until dividends in the same amount per share on our Series A
Preferred have been declared and paid. In connection with a liquidation, winding-up, dissolution or sale of the Company, each share of our Series A Preferred is
entitled to receive $1.49 prior to similar liquidation payments due on shares of our common stock or any other class of securities junior to the Series A Preferred.
Shares

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EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

of Series A Preferred are not entitled to participate with the holders of our common stock with respect to the distribution of any remaining assets of the Company.

Each share of Series A Preferred is entitled to that number of votes equal to the number of whole shares of common stock into which it is convertible. Generally,
holders of our common stock and Series A Preferred vote together as a single class.

Shares of Series A Preferred automatically convert into shares of our common stock on the earliest to occur of the following:

•

•

•

•

The affirmative vote or written consent of the holders of a majority of the then-outstanding shares of Series A Preferred;

If the closing market price of our common stock averages at least  $15.00 per share over a period of  20 consecutive trading days and the daily trading
volume averages at least 7,500 shares over such period;

If we consummate an underwritten public offering of our securities at a price per share not less than  $10.00 and for a total gross offering amount of at least
$10 million; or

If a sale of the Company occurs resulting in proceeds to the holders of Series A Preferred of a per share amount of at least  $10.00.

Each share of Series A Preferred converts into  one share of common stock, subject to adjustment.

Series B Preferred Stock and Temporary Equity

Dividends on our Series B Preferred Stock accrue at an annual rate of  6% of the original issue price of the preferred stock ($3.10 per share), subject to increase
under certain circumstances, and are payable on a quarterly basis. The dividends are payable by the Company, at the Company’s election, in registered common
stock of the Company (if available) or cash. In the event dividends are paid in registered common stock of the Company, the number of shares payable will be
calculated by dividing (a) the accrued dividend by (b) 90% of the arithmetic average of the volume weighted average price (VWAP) of the Company’s common
stock  for  the 10  trading  days  immediately  prior  to  the  applicable  date  of  determination  (the  “ June  2015  Dividend  Stock  Payment  Price ”).  Notwithstanding  the
foregoing, in no event may the Company pay dividends in common stock unless the applicable June 2015 Dividend Stock Payment Price is above $2.91.  If  the
Company is prohibited from paying or chooses not to pay, the dividend in cash (due to contractual senior credit agreements or other restrictions) or is unable to
pay the dividend in registered common stock, the dividend can be paid in kind in Series B Preferred Stock shares at $3.10 per share.

The Series B Preferred Stock includes a liquidation preference (in the amount of  $3.10 per share) which is junior to the Company’s previously outstanding shares
of preferred stock, senior credit facilities and other debt holders as provided in further detail in the designation and senior to the Series C Preferred Stock and pari
passu with the Series B1 Preferred Stock.

The Series B Preferred Stock (including accrued and unpaid dividends) is convertible into shares of the Company’s common stock at the holder’s option at  $3.10
per  share  (initially  a one-for-one  basis).  If  the  Company’s  common  stock  trades  at  or  above  $6.20  per  share  for  a  period  of  20  consecutive  trading  days,  the
Company may at such time force conversion of the Series B Preferred Stock (including accrued and unpaid dividends) into common stock of the Company.

The Series B Preferred Stock votes together with the common stock on an as-converted basis, provided that each holder’s voting rights are subject to and limited
by the Series B Beneficial Ownership Limitation described below.

The Company has the option to redeem the outstanding shares of Series B Preferred Stock at  $3.10 per share, plus any accrued and unpaid dividends on such
Series B Preferred Stock redeemed, at any time beginning on June 24, 2017, and the Company is required to redeem the Series B Preferred Stock at $3.10  per
share, plus any accrued and unpaid dividends, on June 24, 2020. Notwithstanding either of the foregoing, the Series B Preferred Stock may not be redeemed
unless and until amounts outstanding under the Company’s senior credit facility have been paid in full.

The Series B Preferred Stock contains a provision prohibiting the conversion of such Series B Preferred Stock into common stock of the Company, if upon such
conversion, the holder thereof would beneficially own more than 9.999% of the Company’s then outstanding common stock (the “Series B Beneficial Ownership
Limitation”).  The  Series  B  Beneficial  Ownership  Limitation  does  not  apply  to  forced  conversions  undertaken  by  the  Company  pursuant  to  the  terms  of  the
designation (summarized above).

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EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

On June 24, 2015, we closed the transactions contemplated by the June 19, 2015 Unit Purchase Agreement (the “ June 2015 Purchase Agreement”) we entered
into with certain institutional investors (the “June 2015 Investors ”), pursuant to which the Company sold the June 2015 Investors an aggregate of  8,064,534  units
(the “ June 2015 Units”), each consisting of (i) one share of Series B Preferred Stock and (ii)  one warrant to purchase one-half of a share of common stock of the
Company (each a “June 2015 Warrant ” and collectively, the “June 2015 Warrants ”). The June 2015 Units were sold at a price of  $3.10 per June 2015 Unit (the
“June 2015 Unit Price ”)  (a 6.1% premium to the closing bid price of the Company’s common stock on the NASDAQ Capital Market on the date the June 2015
Purchase  Agreement  was  entered  into  which  was $2.91  per  share  (the  “June  2015  Closing  Bid  Price”)).  The  June  2015  Warrants  have  an  exercise  price
o f $2.92  per  share  ($0.01  above  the  June  2015  Closing  Bid  Price).  Total  gross  proceeds  from  the  offering  of  the  June  2015  Units  (the  “ June  2015  Offering”)
were $25.0 million.

The Placement Agent received a commission equal to  6.5% of the gross proceeds (less $4.0 million raised from certain investors in the June 2015 Offering for
which they received no fee) from the June 2015 Offering, for an aggregate commission of $1.4 million which was netted against the proceeds.

We used the net proceeds from the June 2015 Offering to repay amounts owed under the Goldman Credit Agreement in the amount of  $15.1 million.

In addition, under the June 2015 Purchase Agreement, the Company agreed to register the shares of common stock issuable upon conversion of the Series B
Preferred  Stock  and  upon  exercise  of  the  June  2015  Warrants  under  the  Securities  Act  of  1933,  as  amended,  for  resale  by  the  June  2015  Investors.  The
Company committed to file a registration statement on Form S-1 by the 30th day following the closing of the June 2015 Offering (which filing date was met) and
to cause the registration statement to become effective by the 90th day following the closing (or, in the event of a “full review”  by  the  Securities  and  Exchange
Commission, the 120th day following the closing), which registration statement was declared effective by the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 6,
2015. The June 2015 Purchase Agreement provides for liquidated damages upon the occurrence of certain events, including, but not limited to, the failure by the
Company  to  cause  the  registration  statement  to  become  effective  by  the  deadlines  set  forth  above.  The  amount  of  the  liquidated  damages  is 1.0%  of  the
aggregate subscription amount paid by a June 2015 Investor for the June 2015 Units affected by the event that are still held by the June 2015 Investor upon the
occurrence of the event, due on the date immediately following the event that caused such failure (or the 30th day following such event if the event relates to the
suspension of the registration statement as described in the June 2015 Purchase Agreement), and each 30 days thereafter, with such payments to be prorated
on a daily basis during each 30 day period, subject to a maximum of an aggregate of 6% per annum.

Under  the  June  2015  Purchase  Agreement,  the  Company  agreed  to  indemnify  the  June  2015  Investors  for  liabilities  arising  out  of  or  relating  to  (i)  any  untrue
statement of a material fact contained in the registration statement, (ii) any inaccuracy in the representations and warranties of the Company contained in the
June 2015 Purchase Agreement or the failure of the Company to perform its obligations under the June 2015 Purchase Agreement and (iii) any failure by the
Company  to  fulfill  any  undertaking  included  in  the  registration  statement,  subject  to  certain  exceptions.  The  Investors,  severally,  and  not  jointly  agreed  to
indemnify the Company against (i) any failure by such Investor to comply with the covenants and agreements contained in the June 2015 Purchase Agreement
and  (ii)  any  untrue  statement  of  a  material  fact  contained  in  the  registration  statement  to  the  extent  such  untrue  statement  was  made  in  reliance  upon  and  in
conformity  with  written  information  furnished  by  or  on  behalf  of  that  Investor  specifically  for  use  in  preparation  of  the  registration  statement,  subject  to  certain
exceptions.

The Company agreed pursuant to the June 2015 Purchase Agreement, that until  60 days following effectiveness of the registration statement filed, to register the
shares of common stock underlying the Series B Preferred Stock and June 2015 Warrants (the “June 2015 Lock-Up Period”),  to  not  offer  or  sell  any  common
stock or securities convertible or exercisable into common stock, except pursuant to certain exceptions described in the June 2015 Purchase Agreement, and
each  of  the  Company’s  officers  and  directors  agreed  to  not  sell  or  offer  for  sale  any  shares  of  common  stock  until  the  end  of  the  June  2015  Lock-Up  Period,
subject to certain exceptions.

The  June  2015  Warrants  were  valued  using  the  dynamic  Black  Scholes  Merton  formula  pricing  model  that  computes  the  impact  of  share  dilution  upon  the
exercise of the warrant shares at approximately $7,028,067. The Black-Scholes inputs used were: expected dividend rate of  0%, expected volatility of  70%,  risk
free  interest  rate  of 1.59%,  and  expected  term  of  5.5  years.  This  valuation  resulted  in  a  beneficial  conversion  feature  on  the  convertible  preferred  stock  of
approximately $5,737,796.  This  amount,  includes  the  entire  discount-warrants  and  BCF,  will  be  accreted  over  the  term  as  a  deemed  dividend.  Fees  in  the
amount of $1.4 million relating to the stock placement were netted against proceeds. The warrants are exercisable beginning on  December 26, 2015, and expire
December 24, 2020.

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EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

In connection with the May 2016 Purchase Agreement described below under " Series B1 Preferred Stock and Temporary Equity ", certain funds received in that
offering  totaling $11,189,838  were  used  to  immediately  repurchase  and  retire  3,575,070  shares  of  Series  B  Preferred  Stock  and  pay  the  accrued  but  unpaid
dividends due thereon and on certain other shares of Series B Preferred Stock held by those holders (the “Repurchases”).  In  connection  with  this  transaction,
$5,408,131 of unaccreted discount on these 3,575,070 shares of Series B Preferred Stock which were retired, was immediately recognized in dividends, which
represents the pro-rata portion of the unaccreted discount.

The following table represents the carrying amount of the Series B Preferred Stock, classified as Temporary Equity on the Balance Sheet, at inception and as of
December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016:

Temporary Equity:

At Inception

Face amount of Series B Preferred
Less: warrant value
Less: beneficial conversion feature

Less: issuance costs and fees

Carrying amount at inception

Face amount of Series B Preferred
Less: repurchase of 3,575,070 shares

Less: conversion of 1,739,272 shares to common stock
Plus: dividend in kind
Less: un-accreted discount

Carrying amount

June 24, 2015

25,000,000  
7,028,067  
5,737,796  

1,442,462  

10,791,675  

December 31, 2017

December 31, 2016

  $

  $

  $

25,000,000 $
11,189,838

5,386,341
2,181,706
3,415,060

  $

7,190,467 $

25,000,000
11,189,838

5,386,341
1,164,701
3,912,055

5,676,467

In accordance with ASC 815-40-25 and ASC 815-10-15 Derivatives and Hedging and ASC 480-10-25 Liabilities-Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity, the
convertible preferred shares are accounted for net outside of stockholders’ equity at $7,190,467 with the June 2015 Warrants accounted for as liabilities at their
fair value of $829,001 and $1,952,565 as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The value of the derivative warrant liability will be re-measured at each
reporting period with changes in fair value recorded as earnings. To derive an estimate of the fair value of the June 2015 Warrants, the Company utilized a
dynamic Black Scholes Merton formula that computes the impact of share dilution upon the exercise of the warrant shares. This process relies upon inputs such
as shares outstanding, estimated stock prices, strike price and volatility assumptions to dynamically adjust the payoff of the June 2015 Warrants in the presence
of the dilution effect. In the event the convertible preferred shares are redeemed, any redemption price in excess of the carrying amount of the convertible
preferred stock would be treated as a dividend.

The  warrants  related  to  the  June  2015  Series  B  Preferred  Stock  and  the  May  2016  Series  B1  Preferred  Stock  were  revalued  during  the  years  ended
December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 using the Dynamic Black Scholes model that computes the impact of a possible change in control transaction upon
the exercise of the warrant shares at approximately $2,245,408 and $ 4,365,992, respectively. At December 31, 2017, the June 2015 Warrants and the May 2016
Warrants  were  valued  at  approximately $829,001  and $1,416,407,  respectively.  The  dynamic  Black-Scholes  inputs  used  were: expected  dividend  rate  of 0%,
expected  volatility  of 76%-100%,  risk  free  interest  rate  of  1.98%  to 2.09%,  and  expected  term  of  3.54  years  (June  2015  Warrants)  and  4.11  years  (May  2016
Warrants).

The Certificate of Designation contains customary anti-dilution protection for proportional adjustments (e.g. stock splits). The beneficial conversion feature (BCF)
relates to potential difference between the effective conversion price (measured based on proceeds allocated to the Series B Preferred Stock) and the fair value
of the stock into which Preferred B Shares are currently convertible (common stock). If a conversion option embedded in a debt host instrument does not require
separate accounting as a derivative instrument under ASC 815, the convertible hybrid instrument must be evaluated under ASC 470-20 for the identification of a
possible  BCF.  The  BCF  will  be  initially  recognized  as  an  offsetting  reduction  to  Series  B  Preferred  Stock  (debit)  -  Temporary  Equity,  with  the  credit  being
recognized in equity (additional paid-in capital). The resulting debt issuance costs, debt discount,

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value allocated to warrants, and BCF should be accreted to the Series B Preferred Stock to ensure that the Series B Preferred Stock balance is equal to its face
value as of the redemption or conversion date, if conversion is expected earlier.

The initial BCF of the Series B Preferred Stock was determined by calculating the intrinsic value of the conversion feature as follows:

Face amount of Series B Preferred Stock
Less: allocated value of Warrants

Allocated value of Series B Preferred Stock
Shares of Common stock to be converted

Effective conversion price
Market price
Intrinsic value per share

Intrinsic value of beneficial conversion feature

  $

  $

  $
  $
  $

  $

25,000,000
7,028,067

17,971,933
8,064,534

2.23
2.94
0.7115

5,737,796

As  of December  31,  2017  and December  31,  2016,  respectively,  a  total  of  $139,186  and $214,227  of  dividends  were  accrued  on  our  outstanding  Series  B
Preferred Stock. We were prohibited from paying such dividends in shares of common stock because the applicable June 2015 Dividend Stock Payment Price
was below $2.91. In the event the applicable June 2015 Dividend Stock Payment Price is below  $2.91 we are required to pay such dividend in cash or in-kind in
additional shares of Series B Preferred Stock, and we chose to pay such dividends in-kind in the subsequent period.

Series B1 Preferred Stock and Temporary Equity

Dividends  on  our  Series  B1  Preferred  Stock  accrue  at  an  annual  rate  of  6%  of  the  original  issue  price  of  the  preferred  stock  ($1.56  per  share),  subject  to
increases  under  certain  circumstances,  and  are  payable  on  a  quarterly  basis.  The  dividends  are  payable  by  the  Company,  at  the  Company’s  election,  in
registered  common  stock  of  the  Company  (if  available)  or  cash.  In  the  event  dividends  are  paid  in  registered  common  stock  of  the  Company,  the  number  of
shares payable will be calculated by dividing (a) the accrued dividend by (b) 90% of the arithmetic average of the volume weighted average price (VWAP) of the
Company’s  common  stock  for  the 10  trading  days  immediately  prior  to  the  applicable  date  of  determination  (the  “ May  2016  Dividend  Stock  Payment  Price ”).
Notwithstanding the foregoing, in no event may the Company pay dividends in common stock unless the applicable May 2016 Dividend Stock Payment Price is
above $1.52.  If  the  Company  is  prohibited  from  paying,  or  chooses  not  to  pay,  the  dividend  in  cash  (due  to  contractual  senior  credit  agreements  or  other
restrictions)  or  is  unable  to  pay  the  dividend  in  registered  common  stock,  the  dividend  can  be  paid  in  kind  in  Series  B1  Preferred  Stock  shares  at $1.56  per
share.

The Series B1 Preferred Stock include a liquidation preference (in the amount of  $1.56 per share) which is junior to the Company’s previously outstanding shares
of preferred stock, except the Series B Preferred Stock, which it is pari passu with, senior credit facilities and other debt holders as provided in further detail in the
designation and senior to the Series C Preferred Stock.

The Series B1 Preferred Stock (including accrued and unpaid dividends) is convertible into shares of the Company’s common stock at the holder’s option at  $1.56
per  share  (initially  a one-for-one basis). If the Company’s common stock trades at or above  $3.90 per share for a period of  20  consecutive  trading  days,  after
certain triggering events occur, the Company may at such time force conversion of the Series B1 Preferred Stock (including accrued and unpaid dividends) into
common stock of the Company.

The  Series  B1  Preferred  Stock  votes  together  with  the  common  stock  on  an  as-converted  basis,  provided  that  each  holder’s  voting  rights  are  subject  to  and
limited by the Series B1 Beneficial Ownership Limitation described below.

The Company has the option to redeem the outstanding shares of Series B1 Preferred Stock at  $1.72 per share, plus any accrued and unpaid dividends on such
Series B1 Preferred Stock redeemed, at any time beginning on June 24, 2017, and the Company is required to redeem the Series B Preferred Stock at $1.56  per
share, plus any accrued and unpaid dividends, on June 24, 2020. Notwithstanding either of the foregoing, the Series B1 Preferred Stock may not be redeemed
unless and until amounts outstanding under the Company’s senior credit facility have been paid in full.

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The  Series  B1  Preferred  Stock  and  May  2016  Warrants  (defined  below)  contain  provisions  prohibiting  the  conversion  of  such  Series  B1  Preferred  Stock  into
common  stock  of  the  Company,  if  upon  such  conversion,  the  holder  thereof  would  beneficially  own  more  than 9.999%  (4.999%  for  certain  holders)  of  the
Company’s then outstanding common stock (the “Series B1 Beneficial Ownership Limitation”). The Series B1 Beneficial Ownership Limitation does not apply to
forced conversions undertaken by the Company pursuant to the terms of the Designation (summarized above).

On  May  10,  2016,  we  entered  into  a  Unit  Purchase  Agreement  (the  “ May  2016  Purchase  Agreement”)  with  certain  institutional  investors  (the  “ May  2016
Investors”),  pursuant  to  which,  on  May  13,  2016,  the  Company  sold  the  May  2016  Investors  an  aggregate  of  12,403,683  units  (the  "May  2016  Units”),  each
consisting of (i) one share of Series B1 Preferred Stock and (ii)  one warrant to purchase one-quarter of a share of common stock of the Company (each a “ May
2016 Warrant” and collectively, the " May 2016 Warrants”). The Units were sold at a price of  $1.56 per Unit (the “May 2016 Unit Price ”)  (a 2.6% premium to the
closing bid price of the Company’s common stock on the NASDAQ Capital Market on the date the May 2016 Purchase Agreement was entered into which was
$1.52 per share (the “May 2016 Closing Bid Price”)). The May 2016 Warrants have an exercise price of  $1.53 per share ($0.01 above the May 2016 Closing Bid
Price). Total gross proceeds from the offering of the Units (the “May 2016 Offering”) were  $19.4 million.

A total of $18,649,738 of the securities sold in the May 2016 Offering were purchased by investors who participated in the Company’s prior June 2015 offering of
Series B Preferred Stock and warrants to purchase shares of common stock. A total of 60% of the funds received from such investors were used to immediately
repurchase  such  investors’  Series  B  Preferred  Stock.  As  a  result,  a  total  of $11,189,838  of  the  proceeds  raised  in  the  May  2016  Offering  were  used  to
immediately repurchase and retire 3,575,070 shares of Series B Preferred Stock (the “ Repurchases”). Leaving net proceeds of approximately $8.2 million,  before
deducting placement agents’ fees and estimated offering expenses.

The  Placement  Agent  in  the  offering  received  a  commission  equal  to  6.5%  of  the  net  proceeds  from  the  May  2016  Offering,  after  affecting  the  Repurchases
described above, for an aggregate commission of $0.61 million which was netted against the proceeds raised.

We  used  the  net  proceeds  from  the  May  2016  Offering  to  repay  amounts  owed  under  the  Goldman  Credit  Agreement  in  the  amount  of  $0.8  million  and  the
remaining proceeds were used for working capital purposes and potential acquisitions.

In addition, under the May 2016 Purchase Agreement, the Company agreed to register the shares of common stock issuable upon conversion of the Series B1
Preferred Stock and upon exercise of the May 2016 Warrants under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, for resale by the May 2016 Investors. The Company
committed to file a registration statement on Form S-1 by the 30th day following the closing of the May 2016 Offering (which filing date was met) and to cause the
registration statement to become effective by the 90th day following the closing (or, in the event of a “full review” by the Securities and Exchange Commission,
the 120th day following the closing), which registration statement was declared effective by the SEC on August 10, 2016. The  May  2016  Purchase  Agreement
provides  for  liquidated  damages  upon  the  occurrence  of  certain  events,  including,  but  not  limited  to,  the  failure  by  the  Company  to  cause  the  registration
statement to become effective by the deadlines set forth above. The amount of the liquidated damages is 1.0% of the aggregate subscription amount paid by a
May 2016 Investor for the May 2016 Units affected by the event that are still held by the May 2016 Investor upon the occurrence of the event, due on the date
immediately following the event that caused such failure (or the 30th day following such event if the event relates to the suspension of the registration statement
as described in the May 2016 Purchase Agreement), and each 30 days thereafter, with such payments to be prorated on a daily basis during each 30 day period,
subject to a maximum of an aggregate of 6% per annum.

Under  the  May  2016  Purchase  Agreement,  the  Company  agreed  to  indemnify  the  May  2016  Investors  for  liabilities  arising  out  of  or  relating  to  (i)  any  untrue
statement of a material fact contained in the registration statement, (ii) any inaccuracy in the representations and warranties of the Company contained in the
May  2016  Purchase  Agreement  or  the  failure  of  the  Company  to  perform  its  obligations  under  the  May  2016  Purchase  Agreement  and  (iii)  any  failure  by  the
Company  to  fulfill  any  undertaking  included  in  the  registration  statement,  subject  to  certain  exceptions.  The  Investors,  severally,  and  not  jointly  agreed  to
indemnify the Company against (i) any failure by such Investor to comply with the covenants and agreements contained in the May 2016 Purchase Agreement
and  (ii)  any  untrue  statement  of  a  material  fact  contained  in  the  registration  statement  to  the  extent  such  untrue  statement  was  made  in  reliance  upon  and  in
conformity  with  written  information  furnished  by  or  on  behalf  of  that  Investor  specifically  for  use  in  preparation  of  the  registration  statement,  subject  to  certain
exceptions.

The Company agreed pursuant to the May 2016 Purchase Agreement, that until 60 days following effectiveness of the registration statement filed, to register the
shares of common stock underlying the Series B1 Preferred Stock and May 2016 Warrants (the “May 2016 Lock-Up Period”),  to  not  offer  or  sell  any  common
stock or securities convertible or exercisable into common stock,

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except pursuant to certain exceptions described in the May 2016 Purchase Agreement, and each of the Company’s officers and directors agreed to not sell or
offer for sale any shares of common stock until the end of the May 2016 Lock-Up Period, subject to certain exceptions.

The May 2016 Warrants were valued using the dynamic Black Scholes Merton formula pricing model that computes the impact of share dilution upon the exercise
of  the  May  2016  Warrant  shares  at  approximately $2,867,264.  The  dynamic  Black  Scholes  Merton  inputs  used  were:  expected  dividend  rate  of  0%,  expected
volatility  of 70%-100%,  risk  free  interest  rate  of  1.22%,  and  expected  term  of  5.5  years.  This  valuation  resulted  in  a  beneficial  conversion  feature  on  the
convertible preferred stock of approximately $2,371,106. This amount will be accreted over the term as a deemed dividend. Fees in the amount of  $0.6  million
relating  to  the  stock  placement  were  netted  against  proceeds.  The  May  2016  Warrants  are  exercisable  beginning  on  November  14,  2016,  and  expire  on
November 14, 2021.

The following table represents the carrying amount of the Series B1 Preferred Stock, classified as Temporary Equity on the Balance Sheet, at inception (May 13,
2016) and as of December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016:

Temporary Equity:

At Inception

Face amount of Series B1 Preferred

Less: May 2016 Warrant value
Less: May 2016 Beneficial Conversion Feature
Less: May 2016 issuance costs and fees

Carrying amount at inception

Face amount of Series B1 Preferred
Less: conversions of shares to common
Plus: dividends-in-kind
Less: unaccreted discount

Carrying amount

May 13, 2016

19,349,745  

2,867,264  
2,371,106  
607,880  

13,503,495  

December 31, 2017

December 31, 2016

19,349,745   $
748,306  
1,569,809  
4,401,770  

15,769,478   $

19,349,745
628,866
435,369
5,228,460

13,927,788

$

$

$

$

In  accordance  with  ASC  815-40-25  and  ASC  815-10-15  Derivatives  and  Hedging  and  ASC  480-10-25  Liabilities-Distinguishing  Liabilities  from  Equity,  the
convertible Series B1 Preferred Stock shares are accounted for net outside of stockholders’ equity at $15,769,478 with the May 2016 Warrants accounted for as
liabilities  at  their  fair  value  of $1,416,407  and $2,413,427,  respectively  as  of  December  31,  2017  and December  31,  2016,  respectively.  The  value  of  the
derivative warrant liability will be re-measured at each reporting period with changes in fair value recorded as earnings. To derive an estimate of the fair value of
these warrants, the Company utilized a dynamic Black Scholes Merton formula that computes the impact of share dilution upon the exercise of the May 2016
Warrants. This process relies upon inputs such as shares outstanding, estimated stock prices, strike price and volatility assumptions to dynamically adjust the
payoff of the warrants in the presence of the dilution effect. In the event the convertible Series B1 Preferred Stock shares are redeemed, any redemption price in
excess of the carrying amount of the convertible Series B1 Preferred Stock would be treated as a dividend.

The  Certificate  of  Designation  of  the  Series  B1  Preferred  Stock  contains  customary  anti-dilution  protection  for  proportional  adjustments  (e.g.  stock  splits).  The
May 2016 beneficial conversion feature (BCF) relates to the potential difference between the effective conversion price (measured based on proceeds allocated
to  the  Series  B1  Preferred  Stock)  and  the  fair  value  of  the  stock  into  which  Series  B1  Preferred  Stock  shares  are  currently  convertible  (common  stock).  If  a
conversion option embedded in a debt host instrument does not require separate accounting as a derivative instrument under ASC 815, the convertible hybrid
instrument must be evaluated under ASC 470-20 for the identification of a possible BCF. The May 2016 BCF will be initially recognized as an offsetting reduction
to  Series  B1  Preferred  Stock  (debit)  -  Temporary  Equity,  with  the  credit  being  recognized  in  equity  (additional  paid-in  capital). The  resulting  May  2016  debt
issuance costs, debt discount, value allocated to warrants, and BCF should be accreted to the Series B1 Preferred Stock to ensure that the Series B1 Preferred
Stock balance is equal to its face value as of the redemption or conversion date, if conversion is expected earlier.

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The May 2016 BCF was determined by calculating the intrinsic value of the conversion feature as follows:

Face amount of Series B1 Preferred Stock
Less: allocated value of May 2016 Warrants

Allocated value of Series B1 Preferred Stock
Shares of Common stock to be converted
Effective conversion price
Market price
Intrinsic value per share

Intrinsic value of May 2016 beneficial conversion feature

May 13, 2016

19,349,745
2,867,264

16,482,481
12,403,683
1.33
1.52
0.19

2,371,106

  $

  $

  $
  $
  $

  $

For the years ending December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively, a total of  $281,527 and $290,247 of dividends were accrued on our outstanding
Series B1 Preferred Stock. We were prohibited from paying such dividends in shares of common stock because the applicable 2016 Dividend Stock Payment
Price  was  below $1.52.  In  the  event  the  applicable  Dividend  Stock  Payment  Price  is  below  $1.52,  we  are  required  to  pay  such  dividend  in  cash  or  in-kind  in
additional shares of Series B1 Preferred Stock, and we choose to pay such dividends in-kind.

The following is an analysis of changes in the derivative liability:

Level Three Roll-Forward

Item

Balance at December 31, 2015
May 2016 Series B1 Preferred Warrants (described above)
Change in valuation of warrants

Balance at December 31, 2016
Change in valuation of warrants

Balance at December 31, 2017

Series C Convertible Preferred Stock

  $

  $

Level 3

1,548,604
2,867,264
(49,876)

4,365,992
(2,120,584)

2,245,408

On January 29, 2016, we sold  44,000 shares of Series C Preferred Stock (as described below) in consideration for  $4 million.

The Series C Convertible Preferred Stock ("Series C Preferred Stock"), authorized on January 29, 2016, does not accrue a dividend, but has participation rights
on an as-converted basis, to any dividends paid on the Company’s common stock (other than dividends paid solely in common stock). Each Series C Preferred
Stock share has a $100 face value, and a liquidation preference (in the amount of  $100 per share) which is junior to the Company’s previously outstanding shares
of preferred stock (including the Series B and B1 Preferred Stock), senior credit facilities and other debt holders as provided in further detail in the designation,
but senior to the common stock.

The Series C Preferred Stock is convertible into shares of the Company’s common stock at the holder’s option at any time at  $1.00 per share (initially each share
of Series C Preferred Stock is convertible into 100 shares of common stock (subject to adjustments for stock splits and recapitalizations)). The Series C Preferred
Stock votes together with the common stock on an as-converted basis (the "Voting Rights"), provided that each holder’s voting rights are subject to and limited by
the Series C Beneficial Ownership Limitation described below and provided further that notwithstanding any of the foregoing, solely for purposes of determining
the Voting Rights, the Voting Rights accorded to such Series C Convertible Preferred Stock will be determined as  if  converted  at  $1.05  per  share  (the  market
value  of  the  common  stock  as  of  the  close  of  trading  on  the  day  prior  to  the  original  issuance  date  of  the  Series  C  Preferred  Stock),  and  subject  to  equitable
adjustment as discussed in the designation. There are no redemption rights associated with the Series C Preferred Stock.

The Series C Preferred Stock contains a provision prohibiting the conversion of the Series C Preferred Stock into common stock

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of  the  Company,  if  upon  such  conversion  or  exercise,  as  applicable,  the  holder  thereof  would  beneficially  own  more  than  4.999%  of  the  Company’s  then
outstanding common stock (the “Series C Beneficial Ownership Limitation”). The Series C Beneficial Ownership Limitation may be increased up and down on a
per holder basis, with 61 days prior written notice from any holder, provided the Series C Beneficial Ownership Limitation may never be higher than  9.999%.

So long as any shares of Series C Preferred Stock are outstanding, we are prohibited from undertaking any of the following without first obtaining the approval of
the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of Series C Preferred Stock: (a) increasing or decreasing (other than by redemption or conversion) the total
number of authorized shares of Series C Preferred Stock; (b) re-issuing any shares of Series C Preferred Stock converted; (c) creating, or authorizing the creation
of,  or  issuing  or  obligating  the  Company  to  issue  shares  of,  any  class  or  series  of  capital  stock  unless  the  same  ranks  junior  to  (and  not  pari  passu  with)  the
Series  C  Preferred  Stock  with  respect  to  the  distribution  of  assets  on  the  liquidation,  dissolution  or  winding  up  of  the  Company,  or  increasing  the  authorized
number of shares of any additional class or series of capital stock unless the same ranks junior to (and not pari passu with) the Series C Preferred Stock with
respect to the distribution of assets on the liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Company; (d) effecting an exchange, reclassification, or cancellation of all
or a part of the Series C Preferred Stock (except pursuant to the terms of the designation); (e) effecting an exchange, or creating a right of exchange, of all or part
of  the  shares  of  another  class  of  shares  into  shares  of  Series  C  Preferred  Stock  (except  pursuant  to  the  terms  of  the  designation);  (f)  issuing  any  additional
shares  of  Series  C  Preferred  Stock;  (g)  altering  or  changing  the  rights,  preferences  or  privileges  of  the  shares  of  Series  C  Preferred  Stock  so  as  to  affect
adversely  the  shares  of  such  series;  or  (h)  amending  or  waiving  any  provision  of  the  Company’s  Articles  of  Incorporation  or  Bylaws  relative  to  the  Series  C
Preferred Stock so as to affect adversely the shares of Series C Preferred Stock in any material respect as compared to holders of other series of shares.

On August 2, 2016, the Company issued  1,243,200 shares of common stock in connection with the conversion of  12,432 shares of Series C Preferred Stock.
The outstanding shares of Series C Preferred Stock at both December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 totaled 31,568 shares.

NOTE 15.  DISPOSITION

On  January  28,  2016,  the  Company  entered  into  an  Asset  Purchase  Agreement  (the  “ Sale  Agreement”)  with  Bango  Oil,  LLC  (“ Bango  Oil”)  and  Safety-Kleen
Systems Inc. (“Safety-Kleen”) pursuant to which the Company agreed to sell to Safety-Kleen the used oil re-refining plant on approximately  40 acres in Churchill
County, Nevada (the “Bango Plant”), which we previously rented, and all equipment, tools and other tangible personal property located at the Bango Plant, which
relate to or are used in connection with the operations of the Bango Plant (collectively, the “Bango Assets”) for an aggregate purchase price of  $35  million.  As
shown in the table below, a gain on sale of approximately $9.7 million was recorded associated with the sale. The gain on sale is included in the accompanying
consolidated statement of operations.

Sales price (fair value)
Release of lien on certain equipment at the Bango Plant
Transaction Fees

Net Proceeds
Book Value at January 29, 2016 (date transaction closed)

Gain on Sale

$

$

35,000,000
(3,100,000)
(2,111,886)

29,788,114
20,039,553

9,748,561

Net proceeds were used to pay an aggregate of  $16.1 million toward the Credit Agreement with Goldman Sachs Bank (described in " Note 9. Line of Credit and
Long-Term Debt"), $9.3 million to exercise the Purchase Option (described below) and  $1.5 million for equipment and rail park lease acquisitions subsequently
included in the Sale Agreement.

Additionally, at the closing, we placed  $1.5 million in restricted cash (which was released to us and received in July 2017) and  $1 million worth of our common
stock (1,108,928 shares) into escrow with the shares to be released to us 12 months following the closing (which shares were released to us and cancelled in
March 2017), in order to satisfy any indemnification claims made by Safety-Kleen pursuant to the terms of the Sale Agreement.

Finally,  the  Sale  Agreement  required  the  Company  to  use  sale  proceeds  to  exercise  the  purchase  option  set  forth  in  that  certain  Lease  With  Option  For
Membership Interest Purchase (the “Bango Lease”) entered into on April 30, 2015, by and between us, Vertex Refining NV and Bango Oil, whereby, we had the
option at any time during the term of the lease to purchase all of the

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equity  interests  of  Bango  Oil  (the  “ Purchase  Option”),  effectively  acquiring  ownership  of  the  Bango  Plant  for  $9.3  million.  The  Membership  Interest  Purchase
Agreement  contains  standard  and  customary  representations  of  the  parties  and  indemnification  rights,  subject  in  each  case  to  a $3  million  cap  on  aggregate
indemnification. Upon the closing of the Membership Interest Purchase Agreement, we effectively obtained ownership of the Bango Plant, which we then sold to
Safety-Kleen, and Bango Oil became a wholly-owned subsidiary of Vertex Refining NV.

NOTE 16.  NEW JOINT VENTURE

On May 25, 2016, Vertex Recovery Management, LLC, our wholly-owned subsidiary (" VRM") and Industrial Pipe, Inc. (" Industrial Pipe"), formed a joint venture
Louisiana  limited  liability  company,  Vertex  Recovery  Management  LA,  LLC  ("VRMLA"). VRM  owns 51%  and  Industrial  Pipe  owns 49%  of  VRMLA. VRMLA  is
currently  buying  and  preparing  ferrous  and  non-ferrous  scrap  intended  for  large  haul  barge  sales. We  consolidated 100%  of  VRMLA's  operating  income  of
$602,259  and $4,447  for  the  years  ended  December  31,  2017  and  December  31,  2016,  respectively,  and  then  added  the  49%  or $295,108  and $2,179
,respectively, income attributable to the non-controlling interest back to the Company's "Net income (loss) attributable to Vertex Energy, Inc." in the Consolidated
Statement of Operations.

NOTE 17.  SEGMENT REPORTING

The  Company’s  reportable  segments  include  the  Black  Oil,  Refining  and  Marketing  and  Recovery  divisions.    Segment  information  for  the  years  ended
December 31, 2017 and 2016 are as follows:

Revenues

Net income (loss) from operations
Total assets

Revenues
Net loss from operations
Total assets

YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2017

Black Oil

Refining and
Marketing

Recovery

Total

  $

  $
  $

107,988,551   $

20,097,325   $

17,413,216   $

145,499,092

(5,678,768)   $
75,709,845   $

(1,195,946)   $
3,454,010   $

651,627   $
5,141,619   $

(6,223,087)
84,305,474

YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2016

Black Oil

Refining and
Marketing

Recovery

Total

  $
  $
  $

76,634,940   $
(8,849,055)   $
80,774,533   $

13,154,777   $
(402,317)   $
1,573,395   $

8,289,197   $
(861,142)   $
4,638,040   $

98,078,914
(10,112,514)
86,985,968

NOTE 19. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

Issuance of Series B and B1 Preferred Stock Shares in-Kind

We paid the accrued dividends on our Series B Preferred Stock and Series B1 Preferred Stock, which accrued as of December 31, 2017, in-kind by way of the
issuance of 51,419 restricted shares of Series B Preferred Stock pro rata to each of the then holders of our Series B Preferred Stock in January 2018 and the
issuance of 295,927 restricted shares of Series B1 Preferred Stock pro rata to each of the then holders of our Series B1 Preferred Stock in January 2018. If
converted in full, the 51,419 shares of Series B Preferred Stock would convert into  51,419 shares of common stock and the  295,927 shares of Series B1
Preferred Stock would convert into 295,927 shares of common stock.

Conversion of Series B1 Preferred Stock

In  January  2018,  a  holder  of  our  Series  B1  Convertible  Preferred  Stock  converted  500,000  shares  of  our  Series  B1  Convertible  Preferred  Stock  into  500,000
shares of our common stock.

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Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure

On April 5, 2017, the Board of Directors and Audit Committee of the Company engaged Ham, Langston & Brezina, L.L.P. (“ HLB”) as the Company’s

independent registered public accounting firm for the year ended December 31, 2017. Previously, on March 31, 2017, Hein & Associates LLP (“Hein”) had
informed the Company that it declined to stand for reappointment as the Company’s independent auditor for the year ended December 31, 2017.

Other  than  for  the  inclusion  of  a  paragraph  describing  the  uncertainty  of  the  Company’s  ability  to  continue  as  a  going  concern  (for  the  year  ended
December 31, 2015), Hein’s reports on the Company’s financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, contained no adverse opinion or
disclaimer of opinion and were not qualified or modified as to uncertainty, audit scope or accounting principles.

During the Company’s two most recent fiscal years and the subsequent interim period preceding Hein’s dismissal, there were: (i) no “ disagreements”
(within  the  meaning  of  Item  304(a)  of  Regulation  S-K)  with  Hein  on  any  matter  of  accounting  principles  or  practices,  financial  statement  disclosure  or  auditing
scope  or  procedure,  which  disagreements,  if  not  resolved  to  the  satisfaction  of  Hein,  would  have  caused  it  to  make  reference  to  the  subject  matter  of  the
disagreements in its report on the consolidated financial statements of the Company; and (ii) no “reportable events” (as such term is defined in Item 304(a)(1)(v)
of Regulation S-K), except for material weaknesses in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as described in the Company’s Annual Reports on
Form 10-K for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, which have not been corrected as of the date of this filing.

During the Company’s two most recent fiscal years and the subsequent interim period preceding HLB’s engagement, neither the Company nor anyone
on its behalf consulted HLB regarding either: (i) the application of accounting principles to a specified transaction, either completed or proposed, or the type of
audit  opinion  that  might  be  rendered  on  the  Company’s  financial  statements,  and  no  written  report  or  oral  advice  was  provided  to  the  Company  that  HLB
concluded was an important factor considered by the Company in reaching a decision as to the accounting, auditing or financial reporting issue; or (ii) any matter
that  was  the  subject  of  a  “disagreement”  or  “reportable  event”  (within  the  meaning  of  Item  304(a)  of  Regulation  S-K  and  Item  304(a)(1)(v)  of  Regulation  S-K,
respectively).

In  approving  the  selection  of  HLB  as  the  Company’s  independent  registered  public  accounting  firm,  the  Board  of  Directors  and  the  Audit  Committee

considered all relevant factors, including that no non-audit services were previously provided by HLB to the Company.

Item 9A. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

We  have  established  and  maintain  a  system  of  disclosure  controls  and  procedures  that  are  designed  to  provide  reasonable  assurance  that  information
required to be disclosed in our reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to the Exchange Act, is recorded, processed, summarized
and  reported  within  the  time  periods  specified  in  the  rules  and  forms  of  the  Commission  and  that  such  information  is  accumulated  and  communicated  to  our
management,  including  our  Chief  Executive  Officer  (CEO)  and  Chief  Financial  Officer  (CFO),  as  appropriate,  to  allow  timely  decisions  regarding  required
disclosures.

Management, with the participation of our CEO and CFO, evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures
(as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Exchange Act) as of December 31, 2017, the end of the fiscal period covered by this report. As of December
31, 2017, based on the evaluation of these disclosure controls and procedures, our CEO and CFO have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures
were  effective  to  provide  reasonable  assurance  that  information  required  to  be  disclosed  in  our  reports  filed  with  the  Securities  and  Exchange  Commission
pursuant to the Exchange Act, is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the rules and forms of the Commission and
that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our CEO and CFO, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding
required disclosures.

Managements’ Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

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Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)
under the Exchange Act. Internal control over financial reporting is a process designed by, or under the supervision of, our CEO and CFO, and effected by the
Company’s board of directors, management or other personnel to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation
of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of
effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance
with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

Management of the Company has assessed the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2017, using the criteria

established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO).

A material weakness is a deficiency, or combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility

that a material misstatement of our annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. In our assessment of the
effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2016, we determined that a control deficiency existed that constituted a material
weakness, as described below:

•

The Company did not have the accounting and financial reporting resources to adequately and timely address complex and unusual accounting issues
and related disclosures as well as perform a high level management review to detect material errors in the financial statements.

The material weakness described above could have resulted in disclosures that would result in a material misstatement of the consolidated financial

statements that would not be prevented or detected. The material weakness described above relates to the complicated acquisition transactions undertaken by
the Company in fiscal 2016. During the year ended December 31, 2017, we addressed the material weakness described above by (a) seeking outside assistance
from third parties when or if we enter into or effect transactions which raise complex financial accounting issues and related disclosures, (b) hiring accounting and
financial reporting personnel to strengthen the Company's resources and financial reporting expertise, and (c) implementing additional disclosure controls and
procedures to facilitate high level management review in order to detect material errors in our financials.

Management has concluded that the material weakness described above was alleviated, and we maintain effective internal control over financial reporting

as of December 31, 2017, based on the criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by COSO. Accordingly, management has
concluded that the financial statements fairly present in all material respects our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows as at, and for, the period
ended December 31, 2017.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

We regularly review our system of internal control over financial reporting to ensure we maintain an effective internal control environment. There were no
changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the year that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our
internal control over financial reporting.

Item 9B. Other Information

None

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Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance

PART III

The information required by this Item will be set forth under the headings “ Election of Directors”, “Executive Officers”, “Corporate  Governance”,  “Code  of
Conduct”, “Committees of the Board”, and “Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance” in the Company’s 2018 Proxy Statement to be filed with
the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) within 120 days after December 31, 2017 in connection with the solicitation of proxies for the Company’s
2018 annual meeting of shareholders and is incorporated herein by reference.

Item 11. Executive Compensation

The information required by this Item will be set forth under the headings “ Executive and Director Compensation”, “Executive Compensation”,  “Directors
Compensation”, “Outstanding Equity Awards at Fiscal Year-End”, “Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation ” and “Compensation  Committee
Report” (to the extent required), in the Company’s 2018 Proxy Statement to be filed with the SEC within 120 days after December 31, 2017 and is incorporated
herein by reference.

Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters

The  information  required  by  this  Item  will  be  set  forth  under  the  heading  “ Voting  Rights  and  Principal  Stockholders”  in  the  Company’s  2018  Proxy

Statement to be filed with the SEC within 120 days after December 31, 2017 and is incorporated herein by reference.

Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence

The information required by this Item will be set forth under the headings “ Certain Relationships and Related Transactions” and “Committees of the Board”

- “Director Independence” in the Company’s 2018 Proxy Statement to be filed with the SEC within 120 days after December 31, 2017 and is incorporated herein
by reference.

Item 14. Principal Accounting Fees and Services

The information required by this Item will be set forth under the heading " Ratification of Appointment of Auditors"-"Audit Fees" in the Company's 2018

Proxy Statement to be filed with the SEC within 120 days after December 31, 2017 and is incorporated herein by reference.

90

EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

Item 15. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules

(a) Documents filed as part of this report

(1) All financial statements

PART IV

Index to Consolidated Financial Statements

Reports of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firms
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2017 and 2016
Consolidated Statements of  Operations for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016

Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(1)    Financial Statement Schedules

Page

F-2
F-4
F-6

F-7
F-8
F-10

Except  as  provided  above,  all  financial  statement  schedules  have  been  omitted,  since  the  required  information  is  not  applicable  or  is  not  present  in  amounts
sufficient  to  require  submission  of  the  schedule,  or  because  the  information  required  is  included  in  the  consolidated  financial  statements  and  notes  thereto
included in this Form 10-K.

(2) Exhibits required by Item 601 of Regulation S-K

The information required by this Section (a)(3) of Item 15 is set forth on the exhibit index that follows the Signatures page of this Form 10-K.

91

EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its

behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

SIGNATURES

Date: March 6, 2018

Date: March 6, 2018

VERTEX ENERGY, INC.

By: /s/ Benjamin P. Cowart

Benjamin P. Cowart

Chief Executive Officer
(Principal Executive Officer)

By: /s/ Chris Carlson

Chris Carlson
Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Accounting/Financial Officer)

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the

registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

By:

/s/ Benjamin P. Cowart

By:

/s/ Chris Carlson

Benjamin P. Cowart
Chief Executive Officer
(Principal Executive Officer)
and Chairman
March 6, 2018

Date:

Chris Carlson
Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Accounting/Financial Officer)
March 6, 2018

Date:

By:

/s/ Christopher Stratton

By:

/s/ Dan Borgen

Christopher Stratton
Director

Dan Borgen
Director

Date:

March 6, 2018

Date:

March 6, 2018

By:

/s/ Timothy C. Harvey

Timothy C. Harvey
Director

By:

/s/ David Phillips

David Phillips
Director

Date:

March 6, 2018

Date:

March 6, 2018

By:

/s/ James P. Gregory
James P. Gregory
Director

Date:

March 6, 2018

92

EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
EXHIBIT INDEX

Exhibit
Number

2.1

2.2

2.3(#)

2.4

2.5

2.6

2.7

2.8

2.9(+)

2.10(+)
3.1

3.2

Asset Purchase Agreement by and among Vertex Energy, Inc., Vertex
Refining LA, LLC., Vertex Refining NV., LLC, Omega Refining, LLC, Bango
Refining NV, LLC and Omega Holdings Company LLC (March 17, 2014)
Second Amendment to Asset Purchase Agreement by and among Vertex
Energy, Inc., Vertex Refining LA, LLC, Vertex Refining NV, LLC, Bango
Refining NV, LLC and Omega Holdings Company LLC (April 30, 2014)
Third Amendment to Asset Purchase Agreement by and among Vertex
Energy, Inc., Vertex Refining LA, LLC, Vertex Refining NV, LLC, Bango
Refining NV, LLC and Omega Holdings Company LLC (May 2, 2014)
Fourth Amendment to Asset Purchase Agreement by and among Vertex
Energy, Inc., Vertex Refining LA, LLC, Vertex Refining NV, LLC, Louisiana
LV OR LLC, formerly known as Omega Refining, LLC, Bango Refining NV,
LLC and Omega Holdings Company LLC (January 19, 2015)

Asset Purchase Agreement by and among Vertex Energy Operating, LLC,
Vertex Refining OH, LLC, Vertex Energy Inc. and Heartland Group
Holdings, LLC (October 21, 2014)
First Amendment to Asset Purchase Agreement by and among Vertex
Energy Operating, LLC, Vertex Refining OH, LLC, Vertex Energy, Inc. and
Heartland Group Holdings, LLC (November 26, 2014)
Second Amendment to Asset Purchase Agreement by and among Vertex
Energy Operating, LLC, Vertex Refining OH, LLC, Vertex Energy, Inc. and
Heartland Group Holdings, LLC (December 5, 2014)
Third Amendment to Asset Purchase Agreement by and among Vertex
Energy Operating, LLC, Vertex Refining OH, LLC, Vertex Energy, Inc. and
Heartland Group Holdings, LLC (March 4, 2015)
Asset Purchase Agreement by and among Vertex Energy, Inc., Vertex
Energy Operating, LLC, Bango Oil, LLC and Safety-Kleen Systems, Inc.
(January 28, 2016)
Membership Interest Purchase Agreement (January 29, 2016), by and
among Vertex Refining NV, LLC, as buyer and Fox Encore 05 LLC, as
seller

  Articles of Incorporation (and amendments thereto) of Vertex Energy, Inc.
Amended and Restated Certificate of Designation of Rights, Preferences
and Privileges of Vertex Energy, Inc.’s Series A Convertible Preferred
Stock.

93

Incorporated by Reference

Filed or
Furnished
Herewith

Form  

File No.

8-K

2.1

3/19/2014

001-11476

8-K

2.3

5/6/2014

001-11476

8-K

2.4

5/6/2014

001-11476

8-K

2.1

1/21/2015

001-11476

8-K

2.1

10/28/2014

001-11476

8-K

2.2

12/1/2014

001-11476

8-K

2.3

12/9/2014

001-11476

8-K

2.4

3/6/2015

001-11476

8-K

2.1

2/3/2016

001-11476

8-K
8-K/A

2.2
3.1

2/3/2016
6/26/2009

001-11476
000-53619

8-K

3.1

7/16/2010

000-53619

EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

 
   
   
 
   
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
   
 
 
   
 
Exhibit
Number

3.3

3.4

3.5
3.6

10.1(#)
10.2
10.3
10.4

10.50
10.6

10.7

10.8

10.9 (#)

10.10

10.11

10.12
(#)

10.13

10.14

Amended and Restated Certificate of Designation of Vertex Energy, Inc.
Establishing the Designation, Preferences, Limitations and Relative Rights
of Its Series B Preferred Stock, filed with the Secretary of State of Nevada
on May 12, 2016
Amended and Restated Certificate of Designation of Vertex Energy, Inc.
Establishing the Designation, Preferences, Limitations and Relative Rights
of Its Series C Convertible Preferred Stock, filed with the Secretary of State
of Nevada on May 12, 2016
Certificate of Designation of Vertex Energy, Inc. Establishing the
Designation, Preferences, Limitations and Relative Rights of Its Series B1
Preferred Stock, filed with the Secretary of State of Nevada on May 12,
2016

  Amended and Restated Bylaws of Vertex Energy, Inc.

Tolling Agreement between KMTEX, Ltd. and Vertex Energy Inc., dated
April 17, 2013

  Vertex Energy, Inc., 2008 Stock Incentive Plan***
  2008 Stock Incentive Plan - Form of Stock Option Agreement***
  Vertex Energy, Inc., 2009 Stock Incentive Plan***

  2009 Stock Incentive Plan - Form of Stock Option Agreement***
  Vertex Energy, Inc. 2013 Stock Incentive Plan***

Vertex Energy, Inc.-Form of 2013 Stock Incentive Plan Stock Option
Award***
Vertex Energy, Inc.-Form of 2013 Stock Incentive Plan Restricted Stock
Grant Agreement***
Credit and Guaranty Agreement dated as of May 2, 2014, by and among
Vertex Energy Operating, LLC, Vertex Energy, Inc., and certain other
subsidiaries of Vertex Energy, Inc., as Guarantors, and Goldman Sachs
USA, as Lender and as Administrative Agent, Collateral Agent, and Lead
Arranger

Term Loan Note ($40,000,000)-Credit and Guaranty Agreement dated as
of May 2, 2014

Intercreditor Agreement, May 2, 2014, by and among Bank of America,
N.A. and Goldman Sachs Bank USA

Pledge and Security Agreement-Credit and Guaranty Agreement dated as
of May 2, 2014

Employment Agreement between Vertex Refining LA, LLC and James P.
Gregory (Effective May 2, 2014)***
Land Lease between Marrero Terminal LLC, as Landlord and Omega
Refining, LLC, as Tenant, relating to the Used Motor Oil Re-Refinery
Located at 5000 River Road, Marrero, Louisiana 70094, dated as of April
30, 2008 and amendments

94

Incorporated by Reference

Filed or
Furnished
Herewith

Form  

File No.

8-K

3.1

5/13/2016

001-11476

8-K

3.2

5/13/2016

001-11476

8-K
8-K

8-K
8-K/A
10-K
8-K

10-K
S-8

8-K

S-8

8-K

8-K

8-K

8-K

8-K

3.3
3.1

10.1
4.1
10.27
4.1

10.29
4.1

5/13/2016
1/15/2014

001-11476
001-11476

11/12/2013
6/26/2009
12/31/2012
7/31/2009

12/31/2012
7/28/2014

001-11476
000-53619
001-11476
000-53619

001-11476
333-197659

10.1

9/30/2013

001-11476

4.3

7/28/2014

333-197659

10.3

5/6/2014

001-11476

10.4

5/6/2014

001-11476

10.1

5/6/2014

001-11476

10.5

5/6/2014

001-11476

10.1

7/29/2014

001-11476

10-Q

10.22

6/30/2014

001-11476

EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

 
   
   
 
   
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
   
 
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
Exhibit
Number

10.15

10.16

10.17

10.18

10.19

10.2

10.21

10.22(##)  

10.23

10.24

Commercial Lease between Plaquemines Holdings, LLC as Landlord and
Omega Refining, LLC, as Tenant, relating to the Myrtle Grove Facility
Located at 278 East Ravenna Road, Myrtle Grove, LA, dated as of May 25,
2012 and amendments
Common Stock Purchase Warrant to purchase 109,934 shares of common
stock of the Company held by The Benjamin Paul Cowart 2012 Grantor
Retained Trust (December 4, 2014)
Common Stock Purchase Warrant to purchase 109,934 shares of common
stock of the Company held by The Shelley T. Cowart 2012 Grantor
Retained Trust (December 4, 2014)
First Amendment to Credit and Guaranty Agreement between Vertex
Energy Operating, LLC, Vertex Energy, Inc. and Goldman Sachs Bank
USA (December 5, 2014)
First Amendment to Amended and Restated Credit Agreement between
Vertex Energy Operating, LLC, Vertex Energy, Inc. and Bank of America,
N.A. (December 5, 2014)
First Amendment to Secured Promissory Note dated January 7, 2015 -
Omega Refining, LLC and Bango Refining NV, LLC as borrowers and
Vertex Refining NV, LLC as lender
Second Amendment to Credit and Guaranty Agreement dated March 26,
2015, by and between Vertex Energy Operating, LLC, Vertex Energy, Inc.,
certain of the Company’s subsidiaries, Goldman Sachs Specialty Lending
Holdings, Inc. (“Lender”) and Goldman Sachs Bank USA. as Administrative
Agent and Collateral Agent for Lender
Loan and Security Agreement between Vertex Energy, Inc., Vertex Energy
Operating, LLC, Vertex Acquisition Sub, LLC, Vertex Refining LA, LLC,
Vertex II GP, LLC, Vertex Merger Sub, LLC, Cedar Marine Terminals, LP,
Crossroad Carriers, L.P., H & H Oil, L. P., and Vertex Recovery, L.P., as
borrower and MidCap Business Credit LLC, as lender, dated March 27,
2015
Revolving Note by Vertex Energy, Inc., Vertex Energy Operating, LLC,
Vertex Acquisition Sub, LLC, Vertex Refining LA, LLC, Vertex II GP, LLC,
Vertex Merger Sub, LLC, Cedar Marine Terminals, LP, Crossroad Carriers,
L.P., H & H Oil, L. P., and Vertex Recovery, L.P. in favor of MidCap
Business Credit LLC dated March 27, 2015, in the face amount of up to $7
million [provided that notwithstanding the face amount of such Revolving
Note, the Revolving Note only evidences amounts borrowed under such
security from time to time]
Lease With Option For Membership Interest Purchase (April 30, 2015), by
and between Vertex Refining NV, LLC as lessee and Bango Oil, LLC, as
landowner

95

Incorporated by Reference

Filed or
Furnished
Herewith

Form  

File No.

10-Q

10.23

6/30/2014

001-11476

8-K

4.1

12/9/2014

001-11476

8-K

4.2

12/9/2014

001-11476

8-K

10.3

12/9/2014

001-11476

8-K

10.4

12/9/2014

001-11476

8-K

10.2

1/15/2015

001-11476

8-K

10.1

3/31/2015

001-11476

8-K/A

10.3

6/16/2015

001-11476

8-K

10.4

3/31/2015

001-11476

8-K

10.1

5/5/2015

001-11476

EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

 
   
   
 
   
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
Exhibit
Number

10.25

10.26

10.27

10.28

10.29

10.30
10.31
10.32

Acknowledgement and Confirmation Agreement (April 30, 2015), by and
among Vertex Energy, Inc., Vertex Refining NV, LLC, Bango Oil, LLC,
RESC, LLC, and Diatom Rail Park, LLC
Personal Property Lease (April 30, 2015), by and between Vertex Refining
NV, LLC, Omega Refining, LLC and Bango Refining NV, LLC

Third Amendment to Credit and Guaranty Agreement dated June 18, 2015,
by and between Vertex Energy Operating, LLC, Vertex Energy, Inc., certain
of the Company’s subsidiaries, Goldman Sachs Specialty Lending
Holdings, Inc. (“Lender”) and Goldman Sachs Bank USA, as Administrative
Agent and Collateral Agent for Lender
Form of Unit Purchase Agreement dated June 19, 2015 by and between
Vertex Energy, Inc. and the purchasers named therein
Form of Warrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit B of the Form of Unit
Purchase Agreement incorporated by reference herein as Exhibit 10.32)
Executive Employment Agreement with Benjamin P. Cowart (August 7,
2015)***

  Executive Employment Agreement with Chris Carlson (August 7, 2015)***
  Amended and Restated 2013 Stock Incentive Plan ***

10.33(##)  

First Amendment to Processing Agreement between KMTEX LLC and
Vertex Energy, Inc., effective November 1, 2013

10.34

Executive Employment Agreement with John Strickland (COO), effective
October 1, 2015

Fourth Amendment to Credit and Guaranty Agreement dated November 9,
2015, by and between Vertex Energy Operating, LLC, Vertex Energy, Inc.,
certain of the Company’s subsidiaries, Goldman Sachs Specialty Lending
Holdings, Inc. (“Lender”) and Goldman Sachs Bank USA, as Administrative
Agent and Collateral Agent for Lender
First Amendment to Loan and Security Agreement between Vertex Energy,
Inc., Vertex Energy Operating, LLC, Vertex Acquisition Sub, LLC, Vertex
Refining LA, LLC, Vertex II GP, LLC, Vertex Merger Sub, LLC, Cedar
Marine Terminals, LP, Crossroad Carriers, L.P., H & H Oil, L. P., and
Vertex Recovery, L.P., as borrower and MidCap Business Credit LLC, as
lender, dated November 9, 2015
Second Amendment to Processing Agreement between KMTEX LLC and
Vertex Energy, Inc., dated December 3, 2015 and effective January 1,
2016
Swap Agreement dated January 29, 2016, by Vertex Energy Operating,
LLC and Safety-Kleen Systems, Inc.

10.35

10.36

10.37(##)  

10.38(##)  

96

Incorporated by Reference

Filed or
Furnished
Herewith

Form  

File No.

8-K

8-K

8-K

8-K

8-K

10-Q
10-Q
8-K

10.2

5/5/2015

001-11476

10.3

5/5/2015

001-11476

10.2

6/24/2015

001-11476

10.1

6/19/2015

001-11476

10.3

6/19/2015

001-11476

10.73
10.74
10.1

6/30/2015
6/30/2015
9/21/2015

001-11476
001-11476
001-11476

8-K/A

10.2

11/10/2015

001-11476

8-K

10.1

10/19/2015

001-11476

10-Q

10.78

9/30/2015

001-11476

10-Q

10.79

9/30/2015

001-11476

8-K

8-K

10.1

1/15/2016

001-11476

10.1

2/3/2016

001-11476

EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

 
   
   
 
   
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
Exhibit
Number

10.39(##)  

10.4

10.41

10.42

10.43
10.44

10.45

10.46

10.47

10.48
(###)

10.49

Base Oil Sales Agreement dated January 29, 2016, by Vertex Energy
Operating, LLC and Safety-Kleen Systems, Inc.
Subscription Agreement for Series C Convertible Preferred Stock
executed by Fox Encore 05 LLC (January 29, 2016)
Promissory Note in the amount of $5.15 million dated January 29, 2016,
by Vertex Refining OH, LLC, as borrower and Fox Encore 05 LLC as
lender
Amended and Restated Credit and Guaranty Agreement, dated January
29, 2016, by and among Vertex Energy Operating, LLC, Vertex Energy,
Inc., and certain other subsidiaries of Vertex Energy, Inc., as guarantors,
various lenders, and Goldman Sachs Bank USA, as Administrative Agent,
Collateral Agent, and Lead Arranger
Amendment No. 1 to Amended and Restated Credit and Guaranty
Agreement dated May 9, 2016 by and among Vertex Energy Operating,
LLC, Vertex, Energy, Inc., the other credit parties party thereto, Goldman
Sachs Specialty Lending Holdings, Inc., as a lender and Goldman Sachs
Bank USA, as administrative agent

  Form of Warrant for May 2016 Unit Offering

Credit Agreement dated as of February 1, 2017, by and among Vertex
Energy Operating, LLC, as the Lead Borrower for the Borrowers named
therein, the Guarantors named therein, Encina Business Credit, LLC as
Agent and the Lenders party thereto
ABL Credit Agreement dated as of February 1, 2017, by and among
Vertex Energy Operating, LLC, as the Lead Borrower for the Borrowers
named therein, the Guarantors named therein, Encina Business Credit,
LLC as Agent and the Lenders party thereto

Form of Guaranty and Security Agreement, dated as of February 1, 2017,
by and among Vertex Energy Operating, LLC, Bango Oil LLC, Vertex
Refining NV, LLC, Vertex Refining OH, LLC, Vertex Merger Sub, LLC,
Vertex Refining LA, LLC, Vertex II GP, LLC, Vertex Acquisition Sub, LLC,
Cedar Marine Terminals, LP, Vertex Recovery, L.P., Golden State
Lubricants Works, LLC, Crossroad Carriers, L.P., Vertex Recovery
Management, LLC, Vertex Recovery Management LA, LLC H & H Oil,
L.P., and Vertex Energy, Inc. and each other grantor from time to time
party thereto and Encina Business Credit, LLC, as Agent
Third Amendment to Processing Agreement between KMTEX LLC and
Vertex Energy, Inc., entered into on December 14, 2016, and effective
January 1, 2017*
Form of First Amendment and Consent to Credit Agreement dated
October 9, 2017, by and among Vertex Energy, Inc., Vertex Energy
Operating, LLC, Encina Business Credit, LLC as Agent and the Lenders
party thereto

97

Filed or
Furnished
Herewith

Incorporated by Reference

Form  

File No.

8-K

8-K

10.2

2/3/2016

001-11476

10.3

2/3/2016

001-11476

8-K

10.4

2/3/2016

001-11476

8-K

10.6

2/3/2016

001-11476

8-K
8-K

10.1
10.2

5/10/2016
5/13/2016

001-11476
001-11476

8-K

10.1

2/7/2017

001-11476

8-K

10.2

2/7/2017

001-11476

8-K

10.3

2/7/2017

001-11476

10-K

10.66

12/31/2016

001-11476

8-K

10.3

12/19/2017

001-11476

EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

 
   
   
 
   
 
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
Incorporated by Reference

Filed or
Furnished
Herewith

Form  

File No.

8-K

10.4

12/19/2017

001-11476

8-K
8-K/A

8-K

10.5
14.1

16.1

12/19/2017
2/13/2013

4/6/2017

001-11476
001-11476

001-11476

Second Amendment to Credit Agreement dated December 15, 2017, by
and among Vertex Energy, Inc., Vertex Energy Operating, LLC, Encina
Business Credit, LLC as Agent and the Lenders party thereto
First Amendment to ABL Credit Agreement dated December 15, 2017, by
and among Vertex Energy, Inc., Vertex Energy Operating, LLC, Encina
Business Credit, LLC as Agent and the Lenders party thereto

  Code of Ethical Business Conduct and Whistleblower Protection Policy

  Letter dated April 5, 2017 From Hein & Associates LLP
  Subsidiaries*
  Consent of Ham, Langston & Brezina, L.L.P.*
  Consent of Hein & Associates LLP*

Certification of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the
Sarbanes-Oxley Act*
Certification of Principal Accounting Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the
Sarbanes-Oxley Act*
Certification of Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 906 of the
Sarbanes-Oxley Act**
Certification of Principal Accounting Officer Pursuant to Section 906 of the
Sarbanes-Oxley Act**

  X
  X
  X

  X

  X

  X

  X

  Glossary of Selected Terms

10-K

99.1

12/31/2012

001-11476

Exhibit
Number

10.50

10.51
14.1

16.1
21.1
23.1
23.2

31.1

31.2

32.1

32.2
99.1

8-K/A
10-Q
10-Q

99.2
99.2
99.1

2/13/2013 001-11476

9/30/2013

001-11476

9/30/2014 001-11476

Charters Of The Compensation Committee; Audit Committee; Nominating
And Corporate Governance Committee; and Related Party Transaction
Committee

  Charter of Risk Committee
  Amended Charter of the Compensation Committee effective July 24, 2014    

99.2
99.3
99.4
101.INS   XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH   XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL   XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF   XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB   XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE   XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document

X
X
X
X
X
X

98

* Filed herewith.

EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

 
   
   
 
   
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
   
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
** Furnished herewith.

*** Indicates management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.

# Certain portions of these documents (which portions have been replaced by “ X’s”) have been omitted in connection with a request for Confidential Treatment
which has been accepted by the Commission. This entire exhibit including the omitted confidential information has been filed separately with the Commission.

## Certain portions of this document (which portions have been replaced by “ ***’s”) have been omitted in connection with a request for Confidential Treatment
which has been accepted by the Commission. This entire exhibit including the omitted confidential information has been filed separately with the Commission.

###  Certain  portions  of  this  document  as  filed  herewith  (which  portions  have  been  replaced  by  “ ***’s”)  have  been  omitted  in  connection  with  a  request  for

Confidential Treatment which has been submitted to the Commission in connection with this filing. This entire exhibit including the omitted confidential information

has been filed separately with the Commission. 

+ Certain schedules and exhibits have been omitted pursuant to Item 601(b)(2) of Regulation S-K. A copy of any omitted schedule or exhibit will be furnished
supplementally  to  the  Securities  and  Exchange  Commission  upon  request;  provided,  however  that  Vertex  Energy,  Inc.  may  request  confidential  treatment
pursuant to Rule 24b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, for any schedule or exhibit so furnished.

99

EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

 
 
 
 
EXHIBIT 21.1

Subsidiaries

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

Vertex Merger Sub, LLC, a California Limited Liability Company (wholly-owned)

Vertex Energy Operating, LLC, a Texas Limited Liability Company (wholly-owned)(“ Vertex Operating”)

E-Source Holdings, LLC, a Texas Limited Liability Company (wholly-owned)

Vertex Refining, NV, LLC, a Nevada Limited Liability Company (wholly-owned)

Vertex Refining OH, LLC, an Ohio Limited Liability Company (wholly-owned by Vertex Operating)

Vertex Refining, LA,, LLC, a Louisiana Limited Liability Company (wholly-owned)

Vertex II, GP, LLC, a Nevada Limited Liability Company (wholly-owned)

Vertex Acquisition Sub, LLC, a Nevada Limited Liability Company (“ Vertex Acquisition”) (wholly-owned by Vertex Operating)

• Golden State Lubricant Works, LLC, a Delaware Limited Liability Company (wholly-owned)

Wholly-owned subsidiaries of Vertex Acquisition:

◦ Cedar Marine Terminals, L.P., a Texas limited partnership

◦ Crossroad Carriers, L.P., a Texas limited partnership

◦ Vertex Recovery, L.P., a Texas limited partnership

◦ H&H Oil, L.P., a Texas limited partnership

EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

EXHIBIT 23.1

CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

We consent to the incorporation by reference in (a) Registration Statement No. 333-162290 (as amended) on Form S-8; (b) Registration Statement No. 333-
197659 on Form S-8; (c) Registration Statement No. 333-207157 on Form S-8; (d) Registration Statement No. 333-197494 on Form S-3, (e) Registration
Statement No. 333-189107 on Form S-3, (f) Registration Statement No. 333-205871 on Form S-1, (g) Registration Statement No. 333-211955 on Form S-1, and
(h) Registration Statement No. 333-207156 on Form S-1 of Vertex Energy, Inc., of our report dated March 6, 2018, relating to the consolidated financial
statements which appear in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

/s/ Ham, Langston & Brezina L.L.P.

Houston, Texas
March 6, 2018

EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

 
 
 
EXHIBIT 23.2

CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

We consent to the incorporation by reference in (a) Registration Statement No. 333-162290 (as amended) on Form S-8; (b) Registration Statement No. 333-
197659 on Form S-8; (c) Registration Statement No. 333-207157 on Form S-8; (d) Registration Statement No. 333-197494 on Form S-3, (e) Registration
Statement No. 333-189107 on Form S-3, (f) Registration Statement No. 333-205871 on Form S-1, (g) Registration Statement No. 333-211955 on Form S-1, and
(h) Registration Statement No. 333-207156 on Form S-1 of Vertex Energy, Inc., of our report dated March 13, 2017, relating to the consolidated financial
statements of Vertex Energy, Inc. appearing in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017.

/s/ Hein & Associates LLP

Houston, Texas
March 6, 2018

EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

 
 
 
 
EXHIBIT 31.1

I, Benjamin P. Cowart, certify that:

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO
SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

1.

2.

3.

4.

I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10-K of Vertex Energy, Inc.;

Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the
statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial
condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

The registrant's other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in
Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for
the registrant and have:

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to
ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those
entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our
supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external
purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the
effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal
quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of a Annual Report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect,
the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and

5.

The registrant's other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the
registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a)

(b)

All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably
likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control
over financial reporting.

Date: March 6, 2018

By:

/s/ Benjamin P. Cowart

Benjamin P. Cowart
Chief Executive Officer

(Principal Executive Officer)

EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
EXHIBIT 31.2

I, Chris Carlson, certify that:

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO
SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

1.

2.

3.

4.

I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10-K of Vertex Energy, Inc.;

Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the
statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial
condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

The registrant's other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in
Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for
the registrant and have:

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to
ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those
entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our
supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external
purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the
effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal
quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of a Annual Report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect,
the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and

5.

The registrant's other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the
registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a)

(b)

All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably
likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control
over financial reporting.

Date: March 6, 2018

By:

 /s/ Chris Carlson
Chris Carlson
Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Accounting and Financial Officer)

EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
EXHIBIT 32.1

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SS. 1350 
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO  SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Annual Report of Vertex Energy, Inc. (the " Company") on Form 10-K for the period ended  December 31, 2017, as filed with the

Securities and Exchange Commission (the "Report"), I, Benjamin P. Cowart, Principal Executive Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. ss. 1350,
as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that, to my knowledge:

(1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

(2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Date: March 6, 2018

By:

/s/ Benjamin P. Cowart

Benjamin P. Cowart

Chief Executive Officer
(Principal Executive Officer)

This certification accompanies this Report on Form 10-K pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and shall not, except to the extent

required by such Act, be deemed filed by the Company for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”).
Such certification will not be deemed to be incorporated by reference into any filing under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Exchange Act, except to
the extent that the Company specifically incorporates it by reference. A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906 has been provided to the
Company and will be retained by the Company and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.

EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

 
 
 
 
 
 
EXHIBIT 32.2

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SS. 1350 
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO  SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Annual Report of Vertex Energy, Inc. (the " Company") on Form 10-K for the period ended  December 31, 2017, as filed with the
Securities and Exchange Commission (the "Report"), I, Chris Carlson, Principal Accounting Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. ss. 1350, as
adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that, to my knowledge:

(1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

(2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Date: March 6, 2018

By:

 /s/ Chris Carlson
Chris Carlson
Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Accounting and Financial Officer)

This certification accompanies this Report on Form 10-K pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and shall not, except to the extent

required by such Act, be deemed filed by the Company for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”).
Such certification will not be deemed to be incorporated by reference into any filing under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Exchange Act, except to
the extent that the Company specifically incorporates it by reference. A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906 has been provided to the
Company and will be retained by the Company and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.

EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.