Quarterlytics / Energy / Oil & Gas Refining & Marketing / Vertex Energy

Vertex Energy

vtnr · NASDAQ Energy
Claim this profile
Ticker vtnr
Exchange NASDAQ
Sector Energy
Industry Oil & Gas Refining & Marketing
Employees 201-500
← All annual reports
FY2018 Annual Report · Vertex Energy
Sign in to download
Loading PDF…
SECURITIES & EXCHANGE COMMISSION EDGAR FILING

Vertex Energy Inc.

Form: 10-K 

Date Filed: 2019-03-06

Corporate Issuer CIK:   890447

© Copyright 2019, Issuer Direct Corporation. All Right Reserved. Distribution of this document is strictly prohibited, subject to the terms of use.

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

☑ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF
THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended  December 31, 2018

TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

FOR THE TRANSITION PERIOD FROM _____________ TO _____________

Commission File Number  001-11476

———————
VERTEX ENERGY, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
———————

NEVADA

(State or other jurisdiction of

incorporation or organization)

1331 GEMINI STREET, SUITE 250
HOUSTON, TEXAS

(Address of principal executive offices)

94-3439569

(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

77058

(Zip Code)

Registrant's telephone number, including area code: 866-660-8156

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:  

Title of each class

Common Stock,
$0.001 Par Value Per Share

Name of each exchange on which registered

The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC
(Nasdaq Capital Market)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:  None

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes  ❑ No ☑    

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes  ❑   No ☑

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the
preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the
past 90 days.     Yes x No  ❑   

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation
S-T  (§232.405  of  this  chapter)  during  the  preceding  12  months  (or  for  such  shorter  period  that  the  registrant  was  required  to  submit  and  post  such
files).   Yes  ☑    No  ❑

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (§ 229.405 of this chapter) is not contained herein, and will not be
contained,  to  the  best  of  registrant’s  knowledge,  in  definitive  proxy  or  information  statements  incorporated  by  reference  in  Part  III  of  this  Form  10-K  or  any
amendment to this Form 10-K. ❑

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company.  See the
definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer ❑

Non-accelerated filer ❑

Emerging growth ❑

Accelerated filer ❑

Smaller reporting company ☑

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or
revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.    ❑

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Yes   ❑ No  ☑

The aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates computed by reference to the price at which the common equity
was last sold as of the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter was approximately $26,404,997.

State  the  number  of  shares  of  the  issuer’s  common  stock  outstanding,  as  of  the  latest  practicable  dat e:  40,174,821  shares  of  common  stock  issued  and
outstanding as of March 5, 2019.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

Portions  of  the  registrant’s  definitive  proxy  statement  relating  to  its  2019  annual  meeting  of  shareholders  (the  “ 2019  Proxy  Statement”)  are  incorporated  by

EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

 
 
 
 
 
reference  into  Part  III  of  this  Annual  Report  on  Form  10-K  where  indicated.  The  2019  Proxy  Statement  will  be  filed  with  the  U.S.  Securities  and  Exchange
Commission within 120 days after the end of the fiscal year to which this report relates.

EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

FORM 10-K
FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,  2018
TABLE OF CONTENTS 

Part I

Item 1.

Business

Item 1A.

Risk Factors

Item 1B.

Unresolved Staff Comments

Item 2.

Properties

Item 3.

Legal Proceedings

Item 4.

Mine Safety Disclosures

Item 5.

Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

Part II

Item 6.

Selected Financial Data

Item 7.

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Item 8.

Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

Item 9.

Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure

Item 9A.

Controls and Procedures

Item 9B. Other Information

Item 10.

Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance

Item 11.

Executive Compensation

Part III

Item 12.

Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters

Item 13.

Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence

Item 14.

Principal Accountant Fees and Services

Part IV

Item 15.

Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules

1

13

41

41

42

42

43

49

50

69

F-1

88

88

89

90

90

90

90

90

91

EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CAUTIONARY STATEMENT REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING INFORMATION

PART I

This Report contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the
Securities  Exchange  Act  of  1934,  as  amended.  In  some  cases,  you  can  identify  forward-looking  statements  by  the  following  words:  “anticipate,”  “believe,”
“continue,”  “could,”  “estimate,”  “expect,”  “intend,”  “may,”  “ongoing,”  “plan,”  “potential,”  “predict,”  “project,”  “should,”  or  the  negative  of  these  terms  or  other
comparable terminology, although not all forward-looking statements contain these words. Forward-looking statements are not a guarantee of future performance
or results, and will not necessarily be accurate indications of the times at, or by, which such performance or results will be achieved. Forward-looking statements
are based on information available at the time the statements are made and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our
results, levels of activity, performance or achievements to be materially different from the information expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements in
this Report. These factors include:

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

risks associated with our outstanding credit facilities, including amounts owed, restrictive covenants, security interests thereon and our ability to repay
such facilities and amounts due thereon when due;

risks associated with our outstanding preferred stock, including amounts we are required to pay upon redemption thereof and the required redemption

provisions associated therewith;

the level of competition in our industry and our ability to compete;

our ability to respond to changes in our industry;

the loss of key personnel or failure to attract, integrate and retain additional personnel;

our ability to protect our intellectual property and not infringe on others’ intellectual property;

our ability to scale our business;

our ability to maintain supplier relationships and obtain adequate supplies of feedstocks;

our ability to obtain and retain customers;

our ability to produce our products at competitive rates;

our ability to execute our business strategy in a very competitive environment;

trends in, and the market for, the price of oil and gas and alternative energy sources;

our ability to maintain our relationship with KMTEX;

the impact of competitive services and products;

our ability to integrate acquisitions;

our ability to complete future acquisitions;

our ability to maintain insurance;

potential future litigation, judgments and settlements;

rules and regulations making our operations more costly or restrictive, including IMO 2020 (defined below);

changes in environmental and other laws and regulations and risks associated with such laws and regulations;

economic downturns both in the United States and globally;

EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

risk of increased regulation of our operations and products;

negative publicity and public opposition to our operations;

disruptions in the infrastructure that we and our partners rely on;

an inability to identify attractive acquisition opportunities and successfully negotiate acquisition terms;

our ability to effectively integrate acquired assets, companies, employees or businesses;

liabilities associated with acquired companies, assets or businesses;

interruptions at our facilities;

unexpected changes in our anticipated capital expenditures resulting from unforeseen required maintenance, repairs, or upgrades;

our ability to acquire and construct new facilities;

certain events of default which have occurred under our debt facilities and previously been waived;

prohibitions on borrowing and other covenants of our debt facilities;

our ability to effectively manage our growth;

repayment of and covenants in our debt facilities;

the lack of capital available on acceptable terms to finance our continued growth; and

other risk factors included under “ Risk Factors” in this Report.

You  should  read  the  matters  described  in  “ Risk  Factors”  and  the  other  cautionary  statements  made  in  this  Report  as  being  applicable  to  all  related
forward-looking  statements  wherever  they  appear  in  this  Report.  We  cannot  assure  you  that  the  forward-looking  statements  in  this  Report  will  prove  to  be
accurate  and  therefore  prospective  investors  are  encouraged  not  to  place  undue  reliance  on  forward-looking  statements.  Other  than  as  required  by  law,  we
undertake no obligation to update or revise these forward-looking statements, even though our situation may change in the future.

Please see the “Glossary of Selected Terms” incorporated by reference as Exhibit 99.1 hereto, for a list of abbreviations and definitions used throughout

this report.

In  this  Annual  Report  on  Form  10-K,  we  may  rely  on  and  refer  to  information  regarding  the  refining,  re-refining,  used  oil  and  oil  and  gas  industries  in
general  from  market  research  reports,  analyst  reports  and  other  publicly  available  information.  Although  we  believe  that  this  information  is  reliable,  we  cannot
guarantee the accuracy and completeness of this information, and we have not independently verified any of it.

Unless  the  context  requires  otherwise,  references  to  the  " Company,"  " we,"  " us,"  " our,"  " Vertex,"  " Vertex  Energy"  and  " Vertex  Energy,  Inc."  refer

specifically to Vertex Energy, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries.

In addition, unless the context otherwise requires and for the purposes of this report only:

“Base Oil”  means  the  lubrication  grade  oils  initially  produced  from  refining  crude  oil  (mineral  base  oil)  or  through  chemical  synthesis  (synthetic

base oil). In general, only 1% to 2% of a barrel of crude oil is suitable for refining into base oil. The majority of the barrel is used to produce gasoline and

other hydrocarbons;

“Cutterstock” means fuel oil used as a blending agent added to other fuels. For example, to lower viscosity;

EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

“Crack” means breaking apart crude oil into its component products, including gases like propane, heating fuel, gasoline, light distillates like jet

fuel, intermediate distillates like diesel fuel and heavy distillates like grease;

"Exchange Act" refers to the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended;

"Feedstock” means a product or a combination of products derived from crude oil and destined for further processing in the refining or re-refining

industries. It is transformed into one or more components and/or finished products;

“Gasoline  Blendstock”  means  naphthas  and  various  distillate  products  used  for  blending  or  compounding  into  finished  motor  gasoline.  These

components  can  include  reformulated  gasoline  blendstock  for  oxygenate  blending  (RBOB)  but  exclude  oxygenates  (alcohols  and  ethers),  butane,  and

pentanes (an organic compound with properties similar to a butane);

“Hydrotreating” means the process of reacting oil fractions with hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst to produce high-value clean products;

“MDO” means marine diesel oil, which is a type of fuel oil and is a blend of gasoil and heavy fuel oil, with less gasoil than intermediate fuel oil

used in the maritime field;

“Naphthas”  means  any  of  various  volatile,  highly  flammable  liquid  hydrocarbon  mixtures  used  chiefly  as  solvents  and  diluents  and  as  raw

materials for conversion to gasoline;

“Pygas”  means  pyrolysis  gasoline,  an  aromatics-rich  gasoline  stream  produced  in  sizeable  quantities  by  an  ethylene  plant.  These  plants  are

designed  to  crack  a  number  of  feedstocks,  including  ethane,  propane,  naphtha,  and  gasoil. Pygas  can  serve  as  a  high-octane  blendstock  for  motor

gasoline or as a feedstock for an aromatics extraction unit;

"SEC" or the " Commission" refers to the United States Securities and Exchange Commission;

"Securities Act" refers to the Securities Act of 1933, as amended; and

"VGO" refers to Vacuum Gas Oil (also known as cat feed) - a feedstock for a fluid catalytic cracker typically found in a crude oil refinery and used

to make gasoline No. 2 oil and other byproducts.

Where You Can Find Other Information

We file annual, quarterly, and current reports, proxy statements and other information with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“ SEC”). Our SEC
filings are available to the public over the Internet at the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov and are available for download, free of charge, soon after such reports
are filed with or furnished to the SEC, on the “Investor Relations,” “SEC Filings” page of our website at www.vertexenergy.com. The SEC maintains an Internet
site  that  contains  reports,  proxy  and  information  statements,  and  other  information  regarding  issuers  that  file  electronically  with  the  SEC  like  us  at
http://www.sec.gov. Our internet address is  www.vertexnergy.com. Information on our website is not part of this Report, and we do not desire to incorporate by
reference such information herein. Copies of documents filed by us with the SEC are also available from us without charge, upon oral or written request to our
Secretary, who can be contacted at the address and telephone number set forth on the cover page of this Report.

EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

Item 1. Business

Corporate History:

We were formed as a Nevada corporation on May 14, 2008. Pursuant to an Amended and Restated Agreement and Plan of Merger dated May 19, 2008,
by and between Vertex Holdings, L.P. (formerly Vertex Energy, L.P.), a Texas limited partnership (“Holdings”), us, World Waste Technologies, Inc., a California
corporation (“WWT” or “World Waste”), Vertex Merger Sub, LLC, a California limited liability company and our wholly-owned subsidiary (“ Merger Subsidiary ”), and
Benjamin P. Cowart, our Chief Executive Officer, as agent for our shareholders (as amended from time to time, the “Merger Agreement”). Effective on April 16,
2009,  World  Waste  merged  with  and  into  Merger  Subsidiary,  with  Merger  Subsidiary  continuing  as  the  surviving  corporation  and  becoming  our  wholly-owned
subsidiary (the “Merger”). In connection with the Merger, (i) each outstanding share of World Waste common stock was cancelled and exchanged for 0.10 shares
of  our  common  stock;  (ii)  each  outstanding  share  of  World  Waste  Series  A  preferred  stock  was  cancelled  and  exchanged  for  0.4062  shares  of  our  Series  A
preferred  stock;  and  (iii)  each  outstanding  share  of  World  Waste  Series  B  preferred  stock  was  cancelled  and  exchanged  for  11.651  shares  of  our  Series  A
preferred stock.

Additionally,  as  a  result  of  the  Merger,  as  the  successor  entity  of  World  Waste,  we  assumed  World  Waste’s  filing  obligations  with  the  Securities  and
Exchange  Commission  and  our  common  stock  began  trading  on  the  Over-The-Counter  Bulletin  Board  under  the  symbol  “VTNR.OB”  effective  May  4,  2009.
Subsequently, effective February 13, 2013, our common stock began trading on the NASDAQ Capital Market under the symbol “VTNR”.

Prior Material Acquisitions

Effective  as  of  August  31,  2012,  we  acquired  100%  of  the  outstanding  equity  interests  of  Vertex  Acquisition  Sub,  LLC  (“ Acquisition  Sub”),  a  special
purpose entity consisting of substantially all of the assets of Holdings and real-estate properties of B & S Cowart Family L.P. (“B&S  LP”  and  the  “Acquisition”).
Prior to closing the Acquisition, Holdings contributed to Acquisition Sub substantially all of its assets and liabilities relating to the business of transporting, storing,
processing and re-refining petroleum products, crudes and used lubricants, including all of the outstanding equity interests in Holdings’ wholly-owned operating
subsidiaries, Cedar Marine Terminals, L.P. (“CMT” or "Cedar Marine Terminals"), which operates a 19-acre bulk liquid storage facility and terminal on the Houston
Ship  Channel,  which  serves  as  a  truck-in,  barge-out  facility  and  provides  throughput  terminal  operations  and  which  terminal  is  also  the  site  of  our  proprietary,
patented,  Thermal  Chemical  Extraction  Process  ("TCEP")  (described  below);  Crossroad  Carriers,  L.P.  (“ Crossroad”)  is  a  common  carrier  that  provides
transportation  and  logistical  services  for  liquid  petroleum  products,  as  well  as  other  hazardous  materials  and  product  streams;  Vertex  Recovery,  L.P.  (“Vertex
Recovery”), a generator solutions company for the recycling and collection of used oil and oil-related residual materials from large regional and national customers
throughout the U.S. and Canada, which it facilitates through a network of independent recyclers and franchise collectors; and H&H Oil, L.P. (“H&H  Oil”),  which
collects  and  recycles  used  oil  and  residual  materials  from  customers  based  in  Austin,  Baytown,  Dallas,  San  Antonio  and  Corpus  Christi,  Texas  and  B&S  LP
contributed real estate associated with the operations of H&H Oil.

Benjamin P. Cowart, our Chief Executive Officer, President, Chairman and largest shareholder directly or indirectly owned a 77% interest in Holdings and
a 100% interest in B&S LP at the time of the acquisition. Additionally, Chris Carlson, our Chief Financial Officer, owned a 10% interest in Holdings at the time of
the acquisition.

In October, 2013, January 2014 and September 2014, we completed various transactions whereby we acquired 100% of E-Source Holdings, LLC (“ E-
Source”),  a  company  that  leased  and  operated  a  facility  located  in  Houston,  Texas,  and  provides  dismantling,  demolition,  decommission  and  marine  salvage
services at industrial facilities throughout the Gulf Coast. E-Source also owns and operates a fleet of trucks and other vehicles used for shipping and handling
equipment  and  scrap  materials.  E-Source  falls  under  our  Recovery  segment.  At  December  31,  2018,  E-Source  is  no  longer  in  operations  and  we  no  longer
undertake dismantling, demolition, decommission and marine salvage services.

In May, 2014, we acquired certain of the assets of Omega Refining, LLC (“ Omega Refining”), Bango Refining NV, LLC (“ Bango Refining”)  and  Omega
Holdings Company LLC (“Omega Holdings” and collectively with Omega Refining and Bango Refining, “ Omega” or the “sellers”) related to (1) the operation of oil
re-refineries  and,  in  connection  therewith,  purchasing  used  lubricating  oils  and  re-refining  such  oils  into  processed  oils  and  other  products  for  the  distribution,
supply and sale to end-customers and (2) the provision of related products and support services. Specifically, the assets included Omega’s Marrero, Louisiana
plant  which  produces  vacuum  gas  oil  (VGO)  and  a  Bango,  Nevada  plant  which  produces  base  lubricating  oils.  Omega  also  operated  Golden  State  Lubricants
Works,  LLC  (“Golden  State”),  a  strategic  blending  and  storage  facility  located  in  Bakersfield,  California,  which  we  acquired  in  the  acquisition  and  have  since
ceased operations. In connection with the acquisition, we also acquired certain of Omega's prepaid assets and inventory. We acquired the assets in the name of
our indirect wholly-owned subsidiary, Vertex

1

EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

Refining LA, LLC. The assets and operations acquired from Omega fall under our Black Oil segment. Bango Refining operations were sold in January 2016.

In December, 2014, we acquired substantially all of the assets of Warren Ohio Holdings Co., LLC, f/k/a Heartland Group Holdings, LLC (“ Heartland”)
related to and used in an oil re-refinery and, in connection with the collecting, aggregating and purchasing of used lubricating oils and the re-refining of such oils
into  processed  oils  and  other  products  for  the  distribution,  supply  and  sale  to  end-customers,  including  raw  materials,  finished  products  and  work-in-process,
equipment  and  other  fixed  assets,  customer  lists  and  marketing  information,  the  name  ‘Heartland’  and  other  related  trade  names,  Heartland’s  real  property
relating to its used oil refining facility located in Columbus, Ohio, used oil storage and transfer facilities located in Columbus, Zanesville and Norwalk, Ohio, and
leases related to storage and transfer facilities located in Zanesville, Ohio, Mount Sterling, Kentucky, and Ravenswood, West Virginia (collectively, the “Heartland
Assets”).  The  Heartland  Assets  were  acquired  by  our  indirect  wholly-owned  subsidiary,  Vertex  Refining  OH,  LLC  (" Vertex  OH").  The  assets  and  operations
acquired from Heartland fall under our Black Oil segment.

In August 2015, H&H Oil acquired a collection route consisting of collecting, shipping and selling used oil, oil filters, antifreeze and other related services

in the state of Louisiana, but excluding industrial customers, maritime customers, off shore customers, dockside locations, industrial services, used absorbent
services, wastewater generating customers and collectors/transporters of crankcase used oil, petroleum fuel reclamation customers and crude oil
producers/processing/recovery/reclamation customers of Aaron Oil Company ("Aaron Oil"). Included in the purchase were certain trucks and other assets owned
by Aaron Oil and certain contract rights. The assets and operations acquired from H&H Oil fall under our Black Oil segment.

Description of Business Activities:

We are an environmental services company that recycles industrial waste streams and off-specification commercial chemical products. Our primary focus
is recycling used motor oil and other petroleum by-products. We are engaged in operations across the entire petroleum recycling value chain including collection,
aggregation, transportation, storage, re-refinement, and sales of aggregated feedstock and re-refined products to end users. We operate in three segments (1)
Black Oil, (2) Refining and Marketing, and (3) Recovery.

We currently provide our services in 15 states, primarily in the Gulf Coast, Midwest and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States. For the rolling twelve
month  period  ending  December  31,  2018,  we  aggregated  approximately  103  million  gallons  of  used  motor  oil  and  other  petroleum  by-product  feedstocks  and
managed the re-refining of approximately 76 million gallons of used motor oil with our proprietary TCEP, VGO and Base Oil processes.

Our Black Oil segment collects and purchases used motor oil directly from third-party generators, aggregates used motor oil from an established network
of local and regional collectors, and sells used motor oil to our customers for use as a feedstock or replacement fuel for industrial burners. We operate a refining
facility that uses our proprietary TCEP (which is being used to pre-treat our used motor oil feedstock prior to shipping them to our facility in Marrero, Louisiana,
instead  of  its  original  purposes,  to  re-fine  used  oil  into  marine  cutterstock,  as  such  use  is  not  currently  economically  accretive)  and  we  also  utilize  third-party
processing facilities. We also operate a facility in Marrero, Louisiana, which facility re-refines used motor oil and also produces VGO and a re-refining complex in
Belle Chasse, Louisiana, which we call our Myrtle Grove facility.

Our  Refining  and  Marketing  segment  aggregates  and  manages  the  re-refinement  of  used  motor  oil  and  other  petroleum  by-products  and  sells  the  re-

refined products to end customers.

Our Recovery segment includes a generator solutions company for the proper recovery and management of hydrocarbon streams as well as metals.

Black Oil Segment

Our Black Oil segment is engaged in operations across the entire used motor oil recycling value chain including collection, aggregation, transportation,
storage, refinement, and sales of aggregated feedstock and re-refined products to end users. We collect and purchase used oil directly from generators such as
oil change service stations, automotive repair shops, manufacturing facilities, petroleum refineries, and petrochemical manufacturing operations. We own a fleet
of  35  collection  vehicles,  which  routinely  visit  generators  to  collect  and  purchase  used  motor  oil.  We  also  aggregate  used  oil  from  a  diverse  network  of
approximately 50 suppliers who operate similar collection businesses to ours.

2

EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

We manage the logistics of transport, storage and delivery of used oil to our customers. We own a fleet of 15 transportation trucks and more than 150
aboveground  storage  tanks  with  over  7.3  million  gallons  of  storage  capacity.  These  assets  are  used  by  both  the  Black  Oil  segment  and  the  Refining  and
Marketing segment. In addition, we also utilize third parties for the transportation and storage of used oil feedstocks. Typically, we sell used oil to our customers in
bulk to ensure efficient delivery by truck, rail, or barge. In many cases, we have contractual purchase and sale agreements with our suppliers and customers,
respectively.  We  believe  these  contracts  are  beneficial  to  all  parties  involved  because  it  ensures  that  a  minimum  volume  is  purchased  from  collectors  and
generators, a minimum volume is sold to our customers, and we are able to minimize our inventory risk by a spread between the costs to acquire used oil and the
revenues received from the sale and delivery of used oil. We also have historically used our proprietary TCEP technology to re-refine used oil into marine fuel
cutterstock and a higher-value feedstock for further processing (we are currently utilizing TCEP to pre-treat our used motor oil feedstock prior to shipping them to
our facility in Marrero, Louisiana; but have not operated our TCEP for the purpose of producing finished cutterstock since the third quarter of fiscal 2015, due to
market conditions). In addition, at our Marrero, Louisiana facility we produce a Vacuum Gas Oil (VGO) product that is sold to refineries as well as to the marine
fuels market. At our Columbus, Ohio facility (Heartland Petroleum) we produce a base oil product that is sold to lubricant packagers and distributors.

Refining and Marketing Segment

Our Refining and Marketing segment is engaged in the aggregation of feedstock, re-refining it into higher value end products, and selling these products
to our customers, as well as related transportation and storage activities. We aggregate a diverse mix of feedstocks including used motor oil, petroleum distillates,
transmix and other off-specification chemical products. These feedstock streams are purchased from pipeline operators, refineries, chemical processing facilities
and  third-party  providers,  and  are  also  transferred  from  our  Black  Oil  segment.  We  have  a  toll-based  processing  agreement  in  place  with  KMTEX  to  re-refine
feedstock  streams,  under  our  direction,  into  various  end  products  that  we  specify.  KMTEX  uses  industry  standard  processing  technologies  to  re-refine  our
feedstocks into pygas, gasoline blendstock and marine fuel cutterstock. We sell all of our re-refined products directly to end-customers or to processing facilities
for further refinement.

Recovery Segment

The Recovery segment is a generator solutions company for the proper recovery and management of hydrocarbon streams. The Company (through this
segment) owns and operates a fleet of thirteen trucks and heavy equipment used for processing, shipping and handling of reusable process equipment and other
scrap commodities.

Thermal Chemical Extraction Process

We own the intellectual property for our patented TCEP. TCEP is a technology which utilizes thermal and chemical dynamics to extract impurities from
used oil which increases the value of the feedstock. We intend to continue to develop our TCEP technology and design with the goal of producing additional re-
refined products, including lubricating base oil.

TCEP differs from conventional re-refining technologies, such as vacuum distillation and hydrotreatment, by relying more heavily on chemical processes
to remove impurities rather than temperature and pressure. Therefore, the capital requirements to build a TCEP plant are typically much less than a traditional re-
refinery because large feed heaters, vacuum distillation columns, and a hydrotreating unit are not required. The end product currently produced by TCEP is used
as fuel oil cutterstock. Conventional re-refineries produce lubricating base oils or product grades slightly lower than base oil that can be used as industrial fuels or
transportation fuel blendstocks.

We  currently  estimate  the  cost  to  construct  a  new,  fully-functional,  commercial  facility  using  our  TCEP  technology,  with  annual  processing  capacity  of
between 25 and 50 million gallons at another location would be approximately $10 - $15 million, which could fluctuate based on throughput capacity. The facility
infrastructure  would  require  additional  capitalized  expenditures  which  would  depend  on  the  location  and  site  specifics  of  the  facility.  We  are  currently  utilizing
TCEP to pre-treat our used motor oil feedstocks prior to shipping them to our facility in Marrero, Louisiana; but have not operated our TCEP for the purpose of
producing finished cutterstock since the third quarter of fiscal 2015, due to market conditions. As such, we have no current plans to construct any other TCEP
facilities at this time.

Organizational Structure

The  following  chart  reflects  our  current  organization  structure,  including  significant  subsidiaries  (all  of  which  are  wholly-owned,  except  as  discussed

below):

3

EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

Our Industry

The used oil recycling industry is comprised of multiple participants including generators, collectors, aggregators, processors, and end users. Generators
are entities that generate used oil through their daily operations such as automotive businesses conducting oil changes on consumer and commercial vehicles
and industrial users changing lubricants on machinery and heavy equipment. Collectors are typically local businesses that purchase used oil from generators and
provide on-site collection services. The collection market is highly fragmented and we believe there are more than 400 used oil collectors in the United States.
Aggregators  are  specialized  businesses  that  purchase  used  oil  and  petroleum  by-products  from  multiple  collectors  and  sell  and  deliver  it  as  feedstock  to
processors.  Processors,  or  re-refineries,  utilize  a  processing  technology  to  convert  the  used  oil  or  petroleum  by-product  into  a  higher-value  feedstock  or  end-
product. Used oil is any oil that has been refined from crude oil or any synthetic oil that has been used and, as a result of such use, is contaminated by physical or
chemical impurities. Physical impurities could include contamination by metal shavings, sawdust, or dirt. Chemical impurities could include contamination by water
or benzene, or degradation of lubricating additives.

Conventional re-refineries typically employ vacuum distillation and hydrotreating processes to transform used oil into various grades of base oil. Vacuum
distillation  is  a  process  that  removes  emulsified  contaminated  water  and  separates  used  oil  into  vacuum  gas  oil  and  light  fuels.  The  vacuum  gas  oil  is  then
hydrotreated  to  produce  lubricating  base  oil.  Hydrotreating  is  a  process  which  combines  chemical  catalysts,  heat,  and  pressure  to  remove  impurities  such  as
sulfur, chlorine, and oxygen and to stabilize the end product. A re-refined lubricating base oil is of equal quality and will last as long as a virgin base oil. In addition,
other re-refining processes transform used oil into product grades slightly lower than base oil. These products, along with vacuum gas oil and the end product
produced by TCEP, are commonly referred to as intermediate products and are used as industrial fuels or transportation fuel blendstocks.

The petroleum by-products industry is driven by the financial and environmental benefits of recycling, as well as by the amount of petroleum by-product
generated each year. Used oil is typically used: (a) as an industrial burner oil, where the used oil is dewatered, filtered and demineralized for use in industrial
burners; (b) as hydraulic oil; (c) as bitumen based products (for road surfacing and roofing); (d) as an additive in manufactured products; or (e) as a re-refined
base oil for use as a lubricant, hydraulic or transformer oil - which is how the Company uses such used oil. The market value of recycled oil is based, in large
part, on its end use. In general, the market price for used motor oil that is burned as an industrial fuel is driven by the cost of competing fuels, including natural
gas, while the market value of re-refined used motor oil is driven by competing petroleum products. The extent to which the financial benefits of recycling used oil
are realized is driven by operating efficiency in aggregating, storing and transporting used oil supply; the extent to which the used oil is re-refined; and the price
spread between natural gas and crude oil.

4

EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

In  the  U.S.,  we  believe  that  of  the  approximately  1.3  billion  gallons  of  used  oil  generated  annually  approximately  200  million  gallons  are  improperly
disposed (per the EPA), 200 - 250 million gallons are re-refined into lubricating base oils, 150 - 200 million gallons are re-refined into intermediate products with
grades slightly lower than base oil, and 650 - 750 million gallons are burned as an industrial fuel source. We also believe that each year the U.S. generates 425
million used automotive oil filters containing 160,000 tons of iron units and 18 million gallons of oil (per data provided by the Steel Recycling Institute). We believe
that the amount of used oil being re-refined into base oils and intermediate products in the U.S. will stay basically unchanged in 2018 as no additional re-refining
capacity is scheduled to come on-line. As of the date of this Report, the approximate market price for used oil at the generator level is approximately $0.25 per
gallon charge, the approximate market price of intermediate re-refined products ranges from $0.75 to $1.35 per gallon, and the approximate price for lubricating
base oil ranges from $1.20 to $1.60 per gallon, representing a U.S. market size of approximately $1.0 - $1.5 billion for recycled oil.

As  with  the  financial  benefits  of  recycling  used  oil,  the  environmental  benefits  are  also  driven  by  its  end  use.  Environmental  regulations  prohibit  the
disposal of used oil in sewers or landfills because used motor oil is insoluble and contains heavy metals and other contaminants that make it detrimental to the
environment  if  improperly  disposed;  one  gallon  of  used  oil  can  contaminate  up  to  1  million  gallons  of  fresh  drinking  water.  Additionally,  according  to  the
Environmental  Protection  Agency,  it  takes  42  gallons  of  crude  oil,  but  only  1  gallon  of  used  oil,  to  produce  2.5  quarts  of  new,  high-quality  lubricating  oil.
Compared  to  burning  used  oil  as  an  industrial  fuel,  re-refined  oil  significantly  reduces  the  amount  of  toxic  heavy  metals  and  greenhouse  gases  and  other
pollutants introduced into the environment. In addition, the use of re-refined motor oil conserves petroleum that would have otherwise been refined into virgin base
stock oil.

We believe that the used oil recycling market has significant growth potential through increasing the percentage of recycled oil that is re-refined rather
than burned as a low cost industrial fuel. We believe that the financial and environmental benefits of re-refining used oil combined with consumer and commercial
demand  for  high-quality,  environmentally  responsible  products  will  drive  growth  in  demand  for  re-refined  oil  and  re-refining  capacity  in  the  United  States.
Furthermore,  we  believe  that  increasing  consumer  and  industrial  awareness  of  the  environmental  impact  of  improperly  disposing  used  oil  may  drive  additional
market growth as approximately 200 million gallons of used oil generated each year are improperly disposed rather than recycled.

Used motor oil is burned by various users such as asphalt companies, paper mills and industrial facilities as an alternative to their base fuels, to offset
operational  costs.  Therefore,  the  commercial  price  of  used  oil  is  typically  slightly  less  than  the  base  fuels  for  the  burners.  Similarly,  re-refined  oil  is  used  as  a
substitute for various virgin petroleum-based products with pricing driven by the market price of crude oil. Since there is not an active marketplace for used and
re-refined oil prices, we use the prices of natural gas and crude as benchmarks in our industry. Typically, the spread between crude and natural gas prices is an
accurate proxy for the potential incremental value of re-refining used oil.

Our Competitive Strengths

Large, Diversified Feedstock Supply Network.

We obtain our feedstock supply through a combination of direct collection activities and purchases from third-party suppliers. We believe our balanced
direct and indirect approach to obtaining feedstock is highly advantageous because it enables us to maximize total supply and reduce our reliance on any single
supplier and the risk of not fulfilling our minimum feedstock sale quotas. We collect feedstock directly from over 4,500 generators including oil change service
stations, automotive repair shops, manufacturing facilities, petroleum refineries and petrochemical manufacturing operations, as well as brokers. We aggregate
used oil from a diverse network of approximately 50 suppliers who operate similar collection businesses to ours.

Strategic Relationships.

We  have  established  relationships  with  key  feedstock  suppliers,  storage  and  transportation  providers,  oil  re-refineries,  and  end-user  customers.  We
believe our relationships with these parties are strong, in part due to our high level of customer service, competitive prices, and our ability to contract (for purchase
or  sale)  long-term,  minimum  monthly  feedstock  commitments.  We  believe  that  our  strategic  relationships  could  lead  to  contract  extensions  and  expanded
feedstock supply or purchase agreements.

Proprietary Technology.

Our proprietary TCEP technology produces a fuel oil cutterstock for the fuel oil market or a refining feedstock. We believe we are able to build TCEP re-
refining facilities at a significantly lower cost than conventional re-refineries. We estimate the cost to build a TCEP plant with capacity of up to 50 million gallons at
approximately $10 - $15 million, whereas a similar sized base

5

EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

oil plant with vacuum distillation towers and a hydrotreater can cost in excess of $50 million. Notwithstanding the lower cost of TCEP plants, with oil at its current
prices, we do not believe that it makes economic sense to expand our TCEP technology at this time due to the fixed operating costs involved.

Logistics Capabilities. 

We  have  extensive  expertise  and  experience  managing  and  operating  feedstock  supply  chain  logistics  and  multimodal  transportation  services  for
customers who purchase our feedstock or higher-value, re-refined products. We believe that our scale, infrastructure, expertise, and contracts enable us to cost
effectively transport product and consistently meet our customers’ volume, quality and delivery schedule requirements.

Scale of Operations.

We believe that the size and scale of our operations is a significant competitive advantage when competing for new business and maintaining existing
customer relationships. Price is one of the main competitive factors in the feedstock collection industry and because we are able to effectively leverage our fixed
operating  costs  and  economies  of  scale,  we  believe  that  our  prices  are  competitive.  Through  our  network  of  suppliers  and  customers,  we  aggregate  a  large
amount of feedstock, which enables us to enter into minimum purchase and sale contracts as well as accept large volume orders year-round. We believe this is a
competitive advantage because it minimizes our suppliers’ inventory risk and ensures our customers’ minimum order volumes are satisfied. In addition, we believe
our end customers prefer to work with an exclusive supplier rather than manage multiple customer relationships.

Diversified End Product Sales.

We believe that the diversity of the products we sell reduces our overall risk and exposure to price fluctuations. Prices for petroleum based products can
be impacted significantly by supply and demand fluctuations which are not correlated with general commodity price changes. For instance, in a rising commodity
price environment with a significant over-supply of base oil, the price of base oil may fall precipitously while the price of gasoline increases. We offer a diversified
product  mix  consisting  of  used  motor  oil,  fuel  oil,  pygas,  and  gasoline  blendstock.  We  can  also  control  our  mix  of  end  products  by  choosing  to  either  resell
collected feedstock or re-refine it into a higher-value product.

Management Team.

We are led by a management team with expertise in petroleum recycling, finance, operations, and re-refinement technology. Each member of our senior

management team has more than 20 years of industry experience. We believe the strength of our management team will help our success in the marketplace.

Our Business Strategy

The principal elements of our strategy include:

Pursue Strategic Acquisitions and Partnerships

 We plan to grow market share by consolidating feedstock supply through partnering with or acquiring collection and aggregation assets. Our executive
team  has  a  proven  ability  to  evaluate  resource  potential  and  identify  acquisition  targets.  The  acquisitions  and/or  partnerships  could  increase  our  revenue  and
provide better control over the quality and quantity of feedstock available for resale and/or upgrading as well as providing additional locations for the potential
future  implementation  of  TCEP  (assuming  market  conditions  improve).  We  also  intend  to  diversify  our  revenue  by  acquiring  complementary  recycling  service
businesses,  refining  assets  and  technologies,  and  other  vertically  integrated  businesses  or  assets.  We  believe  we  can  realize  synergies  on  acquisitions  by
leveraging our customer and vendor relationships, infrastructure, and personnel, and by eliminating duplicative overhead costs.

6

EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

Expand Feedstock Supply Volume

We intend to expand our feedstock supply volume by growing our collection and aggregation operations. We plan to increase the volume of feedstock we
collect  directly  by  developing  new  relationships  with  generators  and  working  to  displace  incumbent  collectors;  increasing  the  number  of  collection  personnel,
vehicles, equipment, and geographical areas we serve; and acquiring collectors in new or existing territories. We intend to increase the volume of feedstock we
aggregate from third-party collectors by expanding our existing relationships and developing new vendor relationships. We believe that our ability to acquire large
feedstock  volumes  will  help  to  cultivate  new  vendor  relationships  because  collectors  often  prefer  to  work  with  a  single,  reliable  customer  rather  than  manage
multiple relationships and the uncertainty of excess inventory.

Broaden Existing Customer Relationships and Secure New Large Accounts

We intend to broaden our existing customer relationships by increasing sales of used motor oil and re-refined products to these accounts. In some cases,
we may also seek to serve as our customers’ primary or exclusive supplier. We also believe that as we increase our supply of feedstock and re-refined products
we will have the opportunity to secure larger customer accounts that require a partner who can consistently deliver high volumes.

Re-Refine Higher Value End Products

We intend to develop, lease, or acquire technologies to re-refine our feedstock supply into higher value end products, including assets or technologies
which  complement  TCEP. Currently,  we  are  using  TCEP  to  pre-treat  our  used  oil  feedstock  prior  to  sending  it  to  our  facility  in  Marrero,  Louisiana  for  further
processing; but have not operated our TCEP for the purpose of producing finished cutterstock since the third quarter of fiscal 2015, due to market conditions. We
hope  that  continued  improvements  in  our  technologies  and  investments  in  additional  technologies  will  enable  us  to  upgrade  feedstock  into  higher  value  end
products, such as fuels and lubricating base oil that command higher market prices.

Products and Services

We generate substantially all of our revenue from the sale of six product categories. All of these products are commodities that are subject to various

degrees of product quality and performance specifications.

Used Motor Oil

Used motor oil is a petroleum-based or synthetic lubricant that contains impurities such as dirt, sand, water, and chemicals.

Fuel Oil

Fuel Oil is a distillate fuel which is typically blended with lower quality fuel oils. The distillation of used oil and other petroleum by-products creates a fuel

with low viscosity, as well as low sulfur, ash, and heavy metal content, making it an ideal blending agent.

Pygas

Pygas,  or  pyrolysis  gasoline,  is  a  product  that  can  be  blended  with  gasoline  as  an  octane  booster  or  that  can  be  distilled  and  separated  into  its

components, including benzene and other hydrocarbons.

Gasoline Blendstock

Naphthas  and  various  distillate  products  used  for  blending  or  compounding  into  finished  motor  gasoline.  These  components  can  include  reformulated

gasoline blendstock for oxygenate blending (RBOB) but exclude oxygenates (alcohols and ethers), butane, and pentanes plus.

Base Oil

An oil to which other oils or substances are added to produce a lubricant. Typically the main substance in lubricants, base oils, are refined from crude oil.

Scrap Metal(s)

7

EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

        Consists of recoverable ferrous and non-ferrous recyclable metals from manufacturing and consumption.  Scrap metal can be recovered from pipes, barges,
boats, building supplies, surplus equipment, tanks, and other items consisting of metal composition.  These materials are segregated, processed, cut-up and sent
back to a steel mill for re-purposing.

Suppliers

We conduct business with a number of used oil generators, as well as a large network of suppliers that collect used oil from used oil generators. In our
capacity as a collector of used oil, we purchase feedstock from approximately 4,500 businesses, such as oil change service stations, automotive repair shops,
manufacturing facilities, petroleum refineries, and petrochemical manufacturing operations, which generate used oil through their operations.

In our capacity as a broker of used oil, we work with approximately 50 suppliers that collect used oil from businesses such as those mentioned above.

Customers

The Black Oil segment sells used oil, VGO, base oil and other petroleum feedstocks to numerous customers in the Gulf Coast and Midwest regions of the
United States. The primary customers of its products are packagers, distributers, blenders and industrial burners, as described above as well as re-refiners of the
feedstock. The Black Oil segment is party to various feedstock sale agreements whereby we sell used oil feedstock to third parties. The agreements provide for us
to sell certain minimum gallons of used oil feedstock per month at a price per barrel equal to our direct costs, plus certain commissions, based on the quality and
quantity of the used oil we supply.

The  Recovery  segment  does  not  rely  solely  on  contracts,  but  mainly  on  the  spot  market  as  well  as  a  strategic  network  of  customers  and  vendors  to
support the purchase and sale of its products which are commodities. It also relies on project based work which it bids on from time to time of which there is no
guarantee or assurance of repeat business.

KMTEX Tolling Agreement

On or around April 17, 2013, and effective June 1, 2012, we entered into a new Tolling Agreement with KMTEX, Ltd. (“ KMTEX” and the agreement as
amended to date, the “Tolling Agreement”). The Company was previously party to a tolling agreement with KMTEX which expired pursuant to its terms on June
30, 2010, provided that the parties had continued to operate under the terms of the expired agreement until their entry into the April 2013 Tolling Agreement.

Pursuant to the Tolling Agreement, KMTEX agreed to process feedstock of certain petroleum distillates, which we provide to KMTEX, into more valuable
feedstocks,  including  pygas,  gasoline  blend  stock  and  MDO/cutter  stock.  The  Tolling  Agreement  had  an  expiration  date  of  June  30,  2014  (the  “Initial  Term”),
provided  that  if  not  terminated  by  either  party  by  written  notice  to  the  other,  received  within  ninety  (90)  days  prior  to  the  expiration  of  the  Initial  Term  (or  any
extension term), the agreement automatically renewed for a successive one (1) year period and could be automatically extended for up to five (5) more extension
terms.

In November 2013 and effective November 1, 2013, we entered into a First Amendment to Processing Agreement with KMTEX LLC (previously KMTEX
Ltd.,  hereafter  “KMTEX”),  which  amended  the  Tolling  Agreement.  The  amendment  formally  extended  the  date  of  the  initial  term  of  the  Tolling  Agreement  to
December 31, 2015, provided that if not terminated by either party by written notice to the other, received within ninety (90) days prior to the expiration of the
initial  term,  as  amended  (or  any  Extension  Term,  defined  below),  the  agreement  would  automatically  renew  for  a  successive  one  (1)  year  period.  The  Tolling
Agreement could be automatically extended for up to six (6) extension terms from the end of the extended initial term. The amendment also updated the pricing
terms of the original agreement and required us to make certain capital expenditures at the KMTEX facility which have been made to date.

On December 3, 2015, and effective January 1, 2016, we entered into a Second Amendment to Processing Agreement with KMTEX. The amendment
formally extended the date of the initial term of the Tolling Agreement to December 31, 2016, provided that if not terminated by either party by written notice to
the other, received within ninety (90) days prior to the expiration of the initial term, as amended (or any extension term), the agreement automatically renews for a
successive one (1) year period The amendment also updated the pricing terms of the agreement.

On December 14, 2016, and effective January 1, 2017, we entered into a Third Amendment to Processing Agreement with KMTEX. The amendment
formally extended the date of the initial term of the Tolling Agreement to December 31, 2018, provided that if not terminated by either party by written notice to
the other, received within ninety (90) days prior to the

8

EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

expiration of the initial term, as amended (or any Extension Term, defined below), the agreement automatically renews for a successive one (1) year period (an
“Extension Term”). The Tolling Agreement can be automatically extended for up to six (6) Extension Terms from the end of the extended initial term. The
amendment also updated the pricing terms of the agreement. As the Tolling Agreement, as amended, was not terminated by either party within 90 days of
December 31, 2018, the term of the Tolling Agreement automatically extended for an additional one (1) year period through December 31, 2019, and such
agreement can be extended for us to five (5) additional one (1) year extensions.

Notwithstanding the above, either party can terminate the Tolling Agreement at any time with ninety (90) days prior written notice for any reason and with
thirty (30) days written notice upon the occurrence of certain material termination events as described in greater detail in the agreement. In connection with and
pursuant  to  the  Tolling  Agreement,  we  pay  KMTEX  certain  monthly  tank  rental  fees,  truck  and  rail  car  fees,  and  processing  fees  based  on  the  weight  of  the
material  processed  by  KMTEX,  as  well  as  certain  disposal  fees  and  other  fees.  Each  year  of  the  agreement,  beginning  on  the  12  month  anniversary  of  the
effective date, the parties agreed to review and increase the fees provided for in the agreement in accordance with among other things, various consumer price
index benchmarks, as mutually agreed.

The Tolling Agreement also provides that, for materials delivered to KMTEX by rail, barge, drum, or truck, KMTEX is required to obtain the Bill of Lading
and  Material  Safety  Data  Sheet  that  accompany  such  materials  and  not  accept  any  materials  not  accompanied  by  a  Uniform  Hazardous  Waste  Manifest
(promulgated by the Environmental Protection Agency or other Federal or State Government). The Company is also required to indemnify KMTEX against the
acceptance of any material later classified as a hazardous waste. The agreement requires KMTEX to be responsible for all leaks, spills, discharges and releases
which occur in connection with the performance of the agreement, except due to the Company’s gross negligence. Finally, the agreement requires each party to
indemnify the other against any liability as a result of death or bodily injury to any person, destruction or damage to property, contamination of, adverse effects
on, or imminent or substantial endangerment of, or release or threat of release into the environment, or any threatened or actual release of hazardous substance,
or any violation or alleged violation of or liability under any governmental laws, regulations, rules or orders to the extent caused by, arising out of or in any manner
connected  with  such  indemnifying  party’s  negligent  acts,  omissions,  breaches  of  the  agreement  or  failure  to  comply  with  applicable  laws  in  the  performance
thereof, subject to certain exclusions described in the agreement.

Swap Agreement and Base Oil Agreement

On  January  29,  2016,  we  (through  Vertex  Operating)  and  Safety-Kleen  Systems,  Inc.  (“ Safety-Kleen”)  entered  into  a  Swap  Agreement  (the  “ Swap
Agreement”).  The  Swap  Agreement  has  a  term  of  five  years,  beginning  January  29,  2016,  and  automatically  renews  for  additional  one  year  terms  thereafter
unless  either  party  provides  the  other  90  days  prior  written  notice  of  their  intention  not  to  renew  prior  to  any  automatic  extension.  Pursuant  to  the  Swap
Agreement, we and Safety-Kleen agreed to swap certain quantities of used oil feedstock (the agreement includes monthly maximums, quarterly minimums and
maximums, and annual maximums of used oil feedstock volume required to be ‘swapped’) between Safety-Kleen's plant in Nevada and our Marrero, Louisiana
plant  and/or  the  Cedar  Marine  Terminal  in  Baytown,  Texas,  on  a  monthly,  quarterly  and  annual  basis,  with  any  shortfall  in  the  amount  of  used  oil  feedstock
‘swapped’ on a quarterly basis, being paid for in cash based on a discount to U.S. Platts mid-range per gallon rate for Gulf Coast No. 6, 3% oil (the “Platts”).  The
Swap  Agreement  can  be  terminated  with  30  days  prior  written  notice  in  the  event  either  party  fails  to  meet  the  specifications  for  oil  feedstock  set  forth  in  the
agreement, a party fails to deliver the required minimum quarterly volumes of oil feedstock during any three consecutive quarters, or a party materially breaches a
term of the agreement.

Additionally, we (through Vertex Operating) and Safety-Kleen also entered into a Base Oil Agreement on January 29, 2016 (the “ Base Oil Agreement”).
The Base Oil Agreement provides for us to purchase from Safety-Kleen, and Safety-Kleen to sell to us, certain required quantities of base oils and other finished
lubricants described in greater detail in the Base Oil Agreement (the “Base Oil”)(the agreement contains quarterly and annual maximum volumes of Base Oil to
be acquired by us). The agreement has a term of five years and automatically renews for additional one year terms thereafter unless either party provides the
other 90 days prior written notice of their intention not to renew prior to any automatic extension.

Competition

The industrial waste and brokerage of petroleum products industries are highly competitive. There are numerous small to mid-size firms that are engaged
in the collection, transportation, treatment and brokerage of virgin and used petroleum products. Competitors include, but are not limited to: Safety-Kleen, Inc. (a
wholly-owned  subsidiary  of  Clean  Harbors,  Inc.),  Rio  Energy,  Inc.,  Heritage-Crystal  Clean,  Inc.,  and  FCC  Environmental  (formerly  Siemens  Hydrocarbon
Recovery Services), and Flex Oil Service, LLC. These competitors actively seek to purchase feedstock from local, regional and industrial collectors, refineries,
pipelines  and  other  sources.  Competition  for  these  feedstocks  may  result  in  increasing  prices  to  obtain  used  motor  oil  and  transmix  feedstocks  critical  to  the
success of our business. In order to remain competitive, we must control costs and maintain strong

9

EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

relationships with our feedstock suppliers. Our network of generators and collectors minimizes our reliance on any single supplier. A portion of the sales of the
collected  and  aggregated  used  motor  oil  product  are  based  on  supply  contracts  which  include  a  range  of  prices  which  change  based  on  feedstock  quality
specifications and volumes. This pricing structure helps to insulate us from inventory risk by ensuring a spread between costs to acquire used motor oil feedstock
and  the  revenues  received  for  delivery  of  the  feedstock.  We  believe  that  price  and  service  are  the  main  competitive  factors  in  the  used  motor  oil  collection
industry. We believe that our ability to accept and transport large volumes of oil year round gives us an advantage over many of our competitors. In addition, we
believe that our storage capacity and ability to process the streams of products we receive as well as our ability to transport the end product by barge, rail and
truck provide further advantages over many of our competitors.

Employees

We and our wholly and majority owned subsidiaries have 215 full-time employees. We believe that our relations with our employees are good.

Seasonality

The industrial hydrocarbon recovery business is seasonal to the extent that it is dependent on streams from seasonal industries. For example, asphalt
plants burn recycled waste oil in their process, placing pricing and supply availability constraints on the industry during the good weather construction and road
building  seasons.  In  our  current  markets,  road  paving  typically  occurs  from  late  spring  to  early  fall.  Therefore,  it  is  somewhat  easier  to  procure  certain  waste
streams  during  winter  months  when  competition  for  used  motor  oil  feedstock  is  historically  not  as  strong.  Currently  we  are  seeing  increased  demand  for  used
motor oil feedstocks throughout the year due to the addition of re-refining technologies in the marketplace. 

Governmental Regulation, Including Environmental Regulation and Climate Change

Our  operations  are  subject  to  stringent  United  States  federal,  state  and  local  laws  and  regulations  concerning  the  discharge  of  materials  into  the
environment or otherwise relating to health and safety or the protection of the environment. Additional laws and regulations, or changes in the interpretations of
existing laws and regulations, that affect our business and operations may be adopted, which may in turn impact our financial condition.

Additionally, the U.S. Departments of Transportation, Coast Guard and Homeland Security as well as various federal, state, local and foreign agencies
exercise broad powers over our transportation operations, generally governing such activities as authorization to engage in motor carrier operations, safety and
permits  to  conduct  transportation  business.  We  may  also  become  subject  to  new  or  more  restrictive  regulations  that  the  Departments  of  Transportation  and
Homeland Security, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, the Environmental Protection Agency or other authorities impose, including regulations
relating to engine exhaust emissions, the hours of service that our drivers may provide in any one time period, security and other matters.

Our compliance challenges arise from various legislative and regulatory bodies influenced by political, environmental, health and safety concerns.

For example, changes in federal regulations relating to the use of methyl tertiary butyl ether and new sulfur limitations for product shipped in domestic
pipelines resulted in tightened specifications of gasoline blendstock that we were refining, causing a corresponding decrease in revenue and gross margin growth
during 2016, as compared to prior years. This change in regulation, as well as other emission-related regulations, had a material impact on the entire petroleum
industry,  and  we  adapted  and  managed  our  operations  by  finding  materials  better  suited  to  comply  with  these  regulations.  As  such,  it  is  possible  that  future
changes in federal regulations could have a material adverse effect on our results from operations.

We must also obtain and maintain a range of federal, state and local permits for our various logistical needs as well as our planned industrial processes.

The following is a summary of the more significant existing health, safety and environmental laws and regulations to which our operations are subject.

Hazardous Substances and Waste

The United States Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act, as amended, referred to as “ CERCLA” or the “Superfund”
law, and comparable state laws impose liability without regard to fault or the legality of the original conduct on certain defined persons, including current and prior
owners  or  operators  of  a  site  where  a  release  of  hazardous  substances  occurred  and  entities  that  disposed  or  arranged  for  the  disposal  of  the  hazardous
substances found at the site. Under

10

EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

CERCLA, these “responsible persons” may be liable for the costs of cleaning up the hazardous substances, for damages to natural resources and for the costs of
certain health studies.

In the course of our operations, we occasionally generate materials that are considered “ hazardous  substances ”  and,  as  a  result,  may  incur  CERCLA
liability for cleanup costs. Also, claims may be filed for personal injury and property damage allegedly caused by the release of hazardous substances or other
pollutants. We also generate solid wastes that are subject to the requirements of the United States Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, as amended, or
“RCRA,” and comparable state statutes.

Although we use operating and disposal practices that are standard in the industry, hydrocarbons or other wastes may have been released at properties
owned or leased by us now or in the past, or at other locations where these hydrocarbons and wastes were taken for treatment or disposal. Under CERCLA,
RCRA and analogous state laws, we could be required to clean up contaminated property (including contaminated groundwater), or to perform remedial activities
to prevent future contamination.

Air Emissions

The Clean Air Act, as amended, or “CAA,” and similar state laws and regulations restrict the emission of air pollutants and also impose various monitoring
and  reporting  requirements.  These  laws  and  regulations  may  require  us  to  obtain  approvals  or  permits  for  construction,  modification  or  operation  of  certain
projects or facilities and may require use of emission controls.

Global Warming and Climate Change

While we do not believe our operations raise climate change issues different from those generally raised by the commercial use of fossil fuels, legislation
or regulatory programs that restrict greenhouse gas emissions in areas where we conduct business or that would require reducing emissions from our truck fleet
could increase our costs.

Water Discharges

We  operate  facilities  that  are  subject  to  requirements  of  the  United  States  Clean  Water  Act,  as  amended,  or  “ CWA,”  and  analogous  state  laws  for
regulating  discharges  of  pollutants  into  the  waters  of  the  United  States  and  regulating  quality  standards  for  surface  waters.  Among  other  things,  these  laws
impose  restrictions  and  controls  on  the  discharge  of  pollutants,  including  into  navigable  waters  as  well  as  the  protection  of  drinking  water  sources.  Spill
prevention, control and counter-measure requirements under the CWA require implementation of measures to help prevent the contamination of navigable waters
in the event of a hydrocarbon spill. Other requirements for the prevention of spills are established under the United States Oil Pollution Act of 1990, as amended,
or “OPA”, which amended the CWA and applies to owners and operators of vessels, including barges, offshore platforms and certain onshore facilities. Under
OPA, regulated parties are strictly liable for oil spills and must establish and maintain evidence of financial responsibility sufficient to cover liabilities related to an
oil spill for which such parties could be statutorily responsible.

State Environmental Regulations

Our operations involve the storage, handling, transport and disposal of bulk waste materials, some of which contain oil, contaminants and other regulated
substances. Various environmental laws and regulations require prevention, and where necessary, cleanup of spills and leaks of such materials and some of our
operations must obtain permits that limit the discharge of materials. Failure to comply with such environmental requirements or permits may result in fines and
penalties,  remediation  orders  and  revocation  of  permits.  Specifically  in  Texas,  we  are  subject  to  rules  and  regulations  promulgated  by  the  Texas  Railroad
Commission  and  the  Texas  Commission  on  Environmental  Quality,  including  those  designed  to  protect  the  environment  and  monitor  compliance  with  water
quality. In Louisiana, we are subject to rules and regulations promulgated by the Louisiana Department of Environmental Quality and the Louisiana Department of
Natural Resources as to environmental and water quality issues, and the Louisiana Public Service Commission as to allocation of intrastate routes and territories
for waste water transportation. We believe that we are in compliance with regulations in the states where we conduct business.

Occupational Safety and Health Act

We are subject to the requirements of the United States Occupational Safety and Health Act, as amended, or “ OSHA,” and comparable state laws that
regulate  the  protection  of  employee  health  and  safety.  OSHA’s  hazard  communication  standard  requires  that  information  about  hazardous  materials  used  or
produced in our operations be maintained and provided to employees, state and local government authorities and citizens.

Transportation Regulations

11

EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

We may conduct interstate motor carrier (trucking) operations that are subject to federal regulation by the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration, or
“FMCSA,”  a  unit  within  the  United  States  Department  of  Transportation,  or  “ USDOT.”  The  FMCSA  publishes  and  enforces  comprehensive  trucking  safety
regulations, including rules on commercial driver licensing, controlled substance testing, medical and other qualifications for drivers, equipment maintenance, and
drivers’  hours  of  service,  referred  to  as  “HOS.”  The  agency  also  performs  certain  functions  relating  to  such  matters  as  motor  carrier  registration  (licensing),
insurance,  and  extension  of  credit  to  motor  carriers’  customers.  Another  unit  within  USDOT  publishes  and  enforces  regulations  regarding  the  transportation  of
hazardous materials, or “hazmat.”

In December 2010, the FMCSA launched a program called Compliance, Safety, Accountability, or “ CSA,” in an effort to improve commercial truck and
bus safety. A component of CSA is the Safety Measurement System, or “SMS,” which analyzes all safety violations recorded by federal and state law enforcement
personnel to determine a carrier’s safety performance. The SMS is intended to allow the FMCSA to identify carriers with safety issues and intervene to address
those problems. Although our trucking operations currently hold a “Satisfactory” safety rating from FMCSA (the best rating available), the agency has announced
a future intention to revise its safety rating system by making greater use of SMS data in lieu of on-site compliance audits of carriers. We cannot predict the effect
such a revision may have on our safety rating.

Our intrastate trucking operations are also subject to various state environmental transportation regulations discussed under “ Environmental Regulations”
above. Federal law also allows states to impose insurance and safety requirements on motor carriers conducting intrastate business within their borders, and to
collect a variety of taxes and fees on an apportioned basis reflecting miles actually operated within each state.

HOS  regulations  establish  the  maximum  number  of  hours  that  a  commercial  truck  driver  may  work.  A  FMCSA  rule  reducing  the  number  of  hours  a
commercial truck driver may work each day became effective in February 2012 and the compliance date of selected provisions was July 1, 2013. The rule, which
is intended to reduce the risk of fatigue and fatigue-related crashes and harm to driver health, prohibits a driver from driving if more than eight hours have passed
since  the  driver’s  last  off-duty  or  sleeper  berth  break  of  at  least  30  minutes  and  limits  the  use  of  the  restart  to  once  a  week,  which,  on  average,  will  cut  the
maximum work week from 82 to 70 hours.

A  new  regulation  primarily  impacting  our  marine  bunker  fuel  production  is  known  as  “IMO  2020”.  On  January  1,  2020,  the  International  Maritime
Organization  (the  "IMO")  will  implement  a  new  regulation  for  a  0.50%  global  sulphur  cap  for  marine  fuels.  Under  the  new  global  cap,  ships  that  traverse  the
oceans will be required to use marine fuels with a sulphur content of no more than 0.50%, versus the current limit of 3.50%, in an effort to reduce the amount of
sulphur oxide and decrease pollution and greenhouse gas emissions from the global shipping fleet.

There are several variables around this regulatory change that are not yet clear, including anticipated levels of compliance and enforcement. However, it
is expected that the implementation of IMO 2020 will result in a significant increase in near-term demand for a broad range of low sulfur distillates including diesel,
marine gas oil, marine diesel oil and VGO among others. There is uncertainty about the global refinery industry’s ability to meet that spike in demand, which could
have substantial consequences for the pricing of those products, particularly VGO. The price of VGO typically has a direct impact on the pricing and/or levels of
production of base oil. Changes in the marine fuel market as a result of IMO 2020 are also expected to affect the availability of used motor oil, which today is
frequently used in the marine market and some of which may be displaced as a result of this new rule.

Our Marrero facility is already producing and selling IMO 2020 compliance bunker fuel.

Inflation and Commodity Price Risk

To date, our business has not been significantly affected by inflation. We purchase petroleum and petroleum by-products for consolidation and delivery,
as  well  as  for  our  own  refining  operations.  By  virtue  of  constant  changes  in  the  market  value  of  petroleum  products,  we  are  exposed  to  fluctuations  in  both
revenues and expenses. We are exposed to market risks related to the volatility in the price of crude oil, No. 6 Fuel Oil and refined petroleum products. To  reduce
the impact of price volatility on our results of operations and cash flows, we use commodity derivative instruments, such as futures and options. Our positions in
commodity  derivative  instruments  are  monitored  and  managed  on  a  daily  basis  to  ensure  compliance  with  our  stated  risk  management  policy  that  has  been
approved by our board of directors.

We primarily use commodity derivative instruments as economic hedges, which are not designated as hedging instruments, and we use fair value and

cash flow hedges from time to time.

12

EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

Our objectives for holding economic hedges are to (i) manage price volatility in certain feedstock and refined petroleum product inventories and fixed-price

purchasing, and (ii) lock in the price of forecasted feedstock, refined petroleum product, and refined petroleum product sales at existing market prices.

The purchase of our used motor oil feedstock tends to track with natural gas pricing due to the market’s typical practice of substituting used motor oil for
natural gas as a fuel source for various industrial processes. On the other hand, the prices of the products that may in the future be generated through the re-
refining  processes  that  we  hope  to  develop  are  expected  to  track  with  market  pricing  for  marine  diesel  and  vacuum-gas  oil.  The  recent  drop  in  oil  prices  has
decreased the spread between the price of used motor oil, feedstock and re-refining end-products.

Intellectual Property

We  rely  on  a  combination  of  patent,  trademark,  copyright  and  trade  secret  laws  in  the  United  States  and  other  jurisdictions  as  well  as  confidentiality
procedures and contractual provisions to protect our proprietary technology, trade secrets, technical know-how and other proprietary information. We also enter
into confidentiality and invention assignment agreements with our employees.

We have two patents registered with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office relating to our TCEP technology:

•

•

“System For Making A Usable Hydrocarbon Product From Used Oil” (#8,613,838), which was granted on December 24, 2013; and

“Method for Making a Usable Hydrocarbon Product From Used Oil ” (#8,398,847), which was granted on March 19, 2013.

In addition, we have developed a website and have registered  www.vertexenergy.com as our domain name, which contains information we do not desire

to incorporate by reference herein.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

Investing  in  our  common  stock  involves  a  high  degree  of  risk.  You  should  carefully  consider  each  of  the  following  risk  factors  and  all  of  the  other
information set forth in this filing, including our consolidated financial statements and related notes, before investing in our common stock. The following risks and
the  risks  described  elsewhere  in  this  filing,  including  in  the  section  entitled  “Management’s  Discussion  and  Analysis  of  Financial  Condition  and  Results  of
Operations,”  could  materially  harm  our  business,  financial  condition,  future  results  and  cash  flow.  If  that  occurs,  the  trading  price  of  our  common  stock  could
decline, and you could lose all or part of your investment.

RISKS RELATING TO OUR OUTSTANDING CREDIT FACILITIES,
DEBT AND RECEIVABLES, AND FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

We  will  need  to  raise  additional  capital  to  meet  the  requirements  of  the  terms  and  conditions  of  our  Credit  Agreements  and  the  required
redemption  provisions  of  our  Series  B  and  B1  Preferred  Stock  and  to  fund  future  acquisitions  and  our  ability  to  obtain  the  necessary  funding  is
uncertain.

We will need to raise additional funding or refinance our existing debt to meet the requirements of the terms and conditions of our Credit Agreements,
which  amounts  totaling  $19,194,636  as  of  December  31,  2018,  come  due  on  February  1,  2020. Additionally,  we  are  required  to  redeem  any  non-converted
shares of (a) Series B Preferred Stock, which remain outstanding on June 24, 2020, at the rate of $3.10 per share (or $11.3 million in aggregate as of the date of
this filing); and (b) Series B1 Preferred Stock, which remain outstanding on June 24, 2020, at the rate of $1.56 per share (or $15.9 million in aggregate as of the
date of this filing). Finally, we may need to raise additional funds through public or private debt or equity financing, via the sale of assets or through other various
means to fund our obligations, or acquire assets and businesses in the future. We anticipate needing to raise additional funding to satisfy the amounts due under
our Credit Agreements upon maturity and the redemption provisions of the Series B and B1 Preferred Stock and such funds may not be available when needed or
may not be available on favorable terms. If we raise additional funds in the future, by issuing equity securities, dilution to existing stockholders will result, and
such securities may have rights, preferences and privileges senior to those of our common stock and preferred stock. If funding is insufficient at any time in the
future  and  we  are  unable  to  generate  sufficient  revenue  from  new  business  arrangements,  to  repay  our  outstanding  debts  and/or  redeem  our  preferred  stock
(pursuant to their terms), complete planned acquisitions or operations, our results of operations and the value of our securities could be adversely affected. Future
funding may not be available on favorable terms, if at all.

13

EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

We may not be able to generate sufficient cash flow to meet our debt service and other obligations due to events beyond our control.

Our ability to generate cash flows from operations, to make scheduled payments on or refinance our indebtedness and to fund working capital needs and
planned capital expenditures will depend on our future financial performance and our ability to generate cash in the future. Our future financial performance will be
affected by a range of economic, financial, competitive, business and other factors that we cannot control, such as general economic, legislative, regulatory and
financial  conditions  in  our  industry,  the  economy  generally,  the  price  of  oil  and  other  risks  described  below.  A  significant  reduction  in  operating  cash  flows
resulting  from  changes  in  economic,  legislative  or  regulatory  conditions,  increased  competition  or  other  events  beyond  our  control  could  increase  the  need  for
additional or alternative sources of liquidity and could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, prospects and our
ability to service our debt and other obligations. If we are unable to service our indebtedness or to fund our other liquidity needs, we may be forced to adopt an
alternative  strategy  that  may  include  actions  such  as  reducing  or  delaying  capital  expenditures,  selling  assets,  restructuring  or  refinancing  our  indebtedness,
seeking additional capital, or any combination of the foregoing. If we raise additional debt, it would increase our interest expense, leverage and our operating and
financial costs. We cannot assure you that any of these alternative strategies could be affected on satisfactory terms, if at all, or that they would yield sufficient
funds  to  make  required  payments  on  our  indebtedness  or  to  fund  our  other  liquidity  needs.  Reducing  or  delaying  capital  expenditures  or  selling  assets  could
delay future cash flows. In addition, the terms of existing or future debt agreements may restrict us from adopting any of these alternatives. We cannot assure you
that our business will generate sufficient cash flows from operations or that future borrowings will be available in an amount sufficient to enable us to pay our
indebtedness or to fund our other liquidity needs.

If for any reason we are unable to meet our debt service and repayment obligations, we would be in default under the terms of the agreements governing
our  indebtedness,  which  would  allow  our  creditors  at  that  time  to  declare  all  of  our  outstanding  indebtedness  to  be  due  and  payable.  This  would  likely  in  turn
trigger cross-acceleration or cross-default rights between our applicable debt agreements. Under these circumstances, our lenders could compel us to apply all of
our available cash to repay our borrowings. In addition, the lenders under our credit facilities or other secured indebtedness could seek to foreclose on our assets
that are their collateral. If the amounts outstanding under our indebtedness were to be accelerated, or were the subject of foreclosure actions, our assets may not
be sufficient to repay in full the money owed to the lenders or to our other debt holders.

Uncertainty  and  illiquidity  in  credit  and  capital  markets  can  impair  our  ability  to  obtain  credit  and  financing  on  acceptable  terms  and  can

adversely affect the financial strength of our business partners.

Our ability to obtain credit and capital depends in large measure on the state of the credit and capital markets, which is beyond our control. Our ability to
access credit and capital markets may be restricted at a time when we would like, or need, access to those markets, which could constrain our flexibility to react
to changing economic and business conditions. In addition, the cost and availability of debt and equity financing may be adversely impacted by unstable or illiquid
market conditions. Protracted uncertainty and illiquidity in these markets also could have an adverse impact on our lenders, commodity hedging counterparties, or
our customers, preventing them from meeting their obligations to us.

From time to time, our cash needs may exceed our internally generated cash flow, and our business could be materially and adversely affected if we are
unable to obtain necessary funds from financing activities. From time to time, we may need to supplement cash generated from operations with proceeds from
financing  activities.  Uncertainty  and  illiquidity  in  financial  markets  may  materially  impact  the  ability  of  the  participating  financial  institutions  to  fund  their
commitments to us under our liquidity facilities. Accordingly, we may not be able to obtain the full amount of the funds available under our liquidity facilities to
satisfy our cash requirements, and our failure to do so could have a material adverse effect on our operations and financial position.

We  have  substantial  indebtedness  which  could  adversely  affect  our  financial  flexibility  and  our  competitive  position.  Our  debt  agreements
have previously been declared in default, and our future failure to comply with financial covenants in our debt agreements could result in such debt
agreements again being declared in default.

We  have  a  significant  amount  of  outstanding  indebtedness.  As  of  December  31,  2018,  we  owed  approximately  $11.3  million  in  accounts  payable  and
accrued expenses. As of December 31, 2018, we owed $15.3 million under the EBC Credit Agreement and $3.8 million under the Revolving Credit Agreement
(each defined and described below under “Part II. - Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Liquidity
and Capital Resources - Credit and Guaranty Agreement and Revolving Credit Facility with Encina Business Credit, LLC”), and are further required to redeem all
outstanding Series B Preferred Stock and Series B1 Preferred Stock (which currently, as of date of filing, has a liquidation and redemption value of $27.2 million)
on June 24, 2020.

14

EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

Our substantial indebtedness could have important consequences and significant effects on our business. For example, it could:

increase our vulnerability to adverse changes in general economic, industry and competitive conditions;

require us to dedicate a substantial portion of our cash flow from operations to make payments on our indebtedness, thereby reducing the availability of
our cash flow to fund working capital, capital expenditures and other general corporate purposes;

restrict us from taking advantage of business opportunities;

•

•

•

• make it more difficult to satisfy our financial obligations;

•

•

place us at a competitive disadvantage compared to our competitors that have less debt obligations; and

limit  our  ability  to  borrow  additional  funds  for  working  capital,  capital  expenditures,  acquisitions,  debt  service  requirements,  execution  of  our  business
strategy or other general corporate purposes on satisfactory terms or at all.

We  may  need  to  raise  additional  funding  in  the  future  to  repay  or  refinance  the  Credit  Agreements  and  our  accounts  payable,  and/or  to  redeem  our
preferred stock, and as such may need to seek additional debt or equity financing. Such additional financing may not be available on favorable terms, if at all. If
debt  financing  is  available  and  obtained,  our  interest  expense  may  increase  and  we  may  be  subject  to  the  risk  of  default,  depending  on  the  terms  of  such
financing. If equity financing is available and obtained it may result in our shareholders experiencing significant dilution. If such financing is unavailable, we may
be forced to curtail our operations, which may cause the value of our securities to decline in value and/or become worthless. Furthermore, the fact that our prior
credit agreements have previously been declared in default may negatively affect the perception of the Company and our ability to pay our debts as they become
due in the future and could result in the price of our securities declining in value or being valued at lower levels than companies with similar histories of defaults.

The  covenants  in  our  credit  and  loan  agreements  restrict  our  ability  to  operate  our  business  and  might  lead  to  a  default  under  our  credit

agreements.

Our debt agreements limit, among other things, our ability to:

•

•

incur or guarantee additional indebtedness;

create liens;

• make payments to junior creditors;

• make investments;

•

•

sell material assets;

affect fundamental changes in our structure;

• make certain acquisitions;

•

•

•

sell interests in our subsidiaries;

consolidate or merge with or into other companies or transfer all or substantially all of our assets; and

engage in transactions with affiliates.

The  Credit  Agreements  contain  customary  representations,  warranties  and  requirements  for  the  Company  to  indemnify  the  lenders  and  their  affiliates.
The Credit Agreements also include various covenants (positive and negative) binding upon the Company, including, prohibiting us from undertaking acquisitions
or dispositions unless they meet the criteria set forth in the Credit Agreements, not incurring any capital expenditures in amount exceeding $3 million in any fiscal
year that the Credit

15

EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

Agreements are in place, and requiring us to maintain at least $2.5 million of borrowing availability under the Revolving Credit Agreement at any time.

As a result of these covenants and limitations, we may not be able to respond to changes in business and economic conditions and to obtain additional
financing, if needed, and we may be prevented from engaging in transactions that might otherwise be beneficial to us. Our credit and loan agreements require,
and our future credit facilities and loan agreements may require, us to maintain certain financial ratios and satisfy certain other financial condition tests. Our ability
to meet these financial ratios and tests can be affected by events beyond our control, and we may not be able to meet those tests. The breach of any of these
covenants could result in a default under our credit agreements or future credit facilities. Upon the occurrence of an event of default, the lenders could elect to
declare all amounts outstanding under such credit agreements, including accrued interest or other obligations, to be immediately due and payable. If amounts
outstanding  under  such  credit  agreements  were  to  be  accelerated,  our  assets  might  not  be  sufficient  to  repay  in  full  that  indebtedness  and  our  other
indebtedness.

Our  credit  agreements  and  loan  agreements  also  contain  cross-default  and  cross-acceleration  provisions.  Under  these  provisions,  a  default  or
acceleration under one instrument governing our debt may constitute a default under our other debt instruments that contain cross-default and cross-acceleration
provisions, which could result in the related debt and the debt issued under such other instruments becoming immediately due and payable. In such event, we
would need to raise funds from alternative sources, which funds might not be available to us on favorable terms, on a timely basis or at all. Alternatively, such a
default could require us to sell assets and otherwise curtail operations to pay our creditors. The proceeds of such a sale of assets, or curtailment of operations,
might not enable us to pay all of our liabilities.

Our ability to service our indebtedness will depend on our ability to generate cash in the future.

Our  ability  to  make  payments  on  our  indebtedness  will  depend  on  our  ability  to  generate  cash  in  the  future.  Our  ability  to  generate  cash  is  subject  to
general economic and market conditions and financial, competitive, legislative, regulatory and other factors that are beyond our control. Our business may not
generate sufficient cash to fund our working capital requirements, capital expenditure, debt service and other liquidity needs, which could result in our inability to
comply with financial and other covenants contained in our debt agreements, our being unable to repay or pay interest on our indebtedness, and our inability to
fund our other liquidity needs. If we are unable to service our debt obligations, fund our other liquidity needs and maintain compliance with our financial and other
covenants, we could be forced to curtail our operations, our creditors could accelerate our indebtedness and exercise other remedies and we could be required to
pursue  one  or  more  alternative  strategies,  such  as  selling  assets  or  refinancing  or  restructuring  our  indebtedness.  However,  such  alternatives  may  not  be
feasible or adequate.

Our failure to comply with the covenants in the documents governing our existing and future indebtedness could materially adversely affect our

financial condition and liquidity.

In  connection  with  the  Credit  Agreements,  we  agreed  to  comply  with  certain  affirmative  and  negative  covenants  and  agreed  to  meet  certain  financial
covenants (described in greater detail above under “The covenants in our credit and loan agreements restrict our ability to operate our business and might lead to
a default under our credit agreements”).

The Credit Agreements include customary events of default for facilities of a similar nature and size as the Credit Agreements, including if an event of
default occurs under any agreement evidencing $500,000 or more of indebtedness of the Company; we fail to make any payment when due under any material
agreement; subject to certain exceptions, any judgment is entered against the Company in an amount exceeding $500,000; and also provides that an event of
default occurs if a change in control of the Company occurs, which includes if (a) Benjamin P. Cowart, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer, Chairman of the
Board and largest shareholder and Chris Carlson, the Chief Financial Officer of the Company, cease to own and control legally and beneficially, collectively, either
directly  or  indirectly,  equity  securities  in  Vertex  Energy,  Inc.,  representing  more  than  15%  of  the  combined  voting  power  of  all  securities  entitled  to  vote  for
members  of  the  board  of  directors  or  equivalent  on  a  fully-diluted  basis,  (b)  the  acquisition  of  ownership,  directly  or  indirectly,  beneficially  or  of  record,  by  any
person or group of securities representing more than 30% of the aggregate ordinary voting power represented by the issued and outstanding securities of Vertex
Energy, Inc., or (c) during any period of 12 consecutive months, a majority of the members of the board of directors of the Company cease to be composed of
individuals (i) who were members of that board or equivalent governing body on the first day of such period, (ii) whose election or nomination to that board or
equivalent governing body was approved by individuals referred to in clause (i) above constituting at the time of such election or nomination at least a majority of
that  board  or  equivalent  governing  body  or  (iii)  whose  election  or  nomination  to  that  board  or  other  equivalent  governing  body  was  approved  by  individuals
referred to in clauses (i) and (ii) above constituting at the time of such election or nomination at least a majority of that board or equivalent governing body.

16

EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

A  breach  of  any  of  the  covenants  of  the  Credit  Agreements  or  any  future  agreements,  if  uncured,  could  lead  to  an  event  of  default  under  any  such
document, which in some circumstances could give our creditors the right to demand that we accelerate repayment of amounts due and/or enforce their security
interests  over  substantially  all  of  our  assets.  This  would  likely  in  turn  trigger  cross-acceleration  or  cross-default  rights  in  other  documents  governing  our
indebtedness.  Therefore,  in  the  event  of  any  such  breach,  we  may  need  to  seek  covenant  waivers  or  amendments  from  our  creditors  or  seek  alternative  or
additional sources of financing, and we may not be able to obtain any such waivers or amendments or alternative or additional financing on acceptable terms, if
at  all.  In  addition,  any  covenant  breach  or  event  of  default  could  harm  our  credit  rating  and  our  ability  to  obtain  additional  financing  on  acceptable  terms.  The
occurrence of any of these events could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and liquidity and/or cause our lenders to enforce their security
interests  which  could  ultimately  result  in  the  foreclosure  of  our  assets,  which  would  have  a  material  adverse  effect  on  our  operations  and  the  value  of  our
securities.

Our obligations under the Credit Agreements are secured by a first priority security interest in substantially all of our assets.

Our obligations under the Credit Agreements are secured by a first priority security interest in substantially all of our assets. Additionally, substantially all
of our subsidiaries agreed to guarantee our obligations under the Credit Agreements. As such, our creditors may enforce their security interests over our assets
and/or our subsidiaries which secure the repayment of such obligations, take control of our assets and operations, force us to seek bankruptcy protection, or force
us to curtail or abandon our current business plans and operations. If that were to happen, any investment in the Company could become worthless.

If we are unable to maintain a credit facility, it could have an adverse effect on our business.

We have historically been able to maintain lines of credit and other credit facilities similar to the Credit Agreements. We rely heavily on the availability and
utilization of these lines of credit and credit facilities for our operations and for the purchase of inventory. If we are unable to renew or replace our facility or are
unable to borrow funds under such facility or any future facility, we may be forced to curtail or abandon our current and/or future planned business operations.

A decline in expected profitability of the Company or any of our business segments could result in the impairment of assets and other long-lived

assets, including goodwill.

We hold material amounts of long-lived assets on our balance sheet. A decline in expected profitability of one of our operating segments or a decline in
the global economy, could call into question the recoverability of our related goodwill, other long-lived tangible and intangible assets, and require us to write down
or write off these assets. Such an occurrence could have a material adverse effect on our annual results of operations and financial position.

RISKS RELATING TO OUR OPERATIONS, BUSINESS AND INDUSTRY

General Risks

The price of oil and fluctuations in oil prices may have a negative effect on our results of operations.

The majority of our operations are associated with collecting used oil, re-refining or otherwise processing a portion of such used oil and then selling both
such re-refined/processed oil and the excess feedstock oil which we do not currently have the capacity to re-refine, to other customers. The prices at which we
sell our re-refined/processed oil and extra feedstock are affected by changes in the reported spot market prices of oil. If applicable rates increase or decrease, we
typically  will  charge  a  higher  or  lower  corresponding  price  for  our  re-refined/processed  oil  and  excess  feedstock.  The  price  at  which  we  sell  our  re-
refined/processed  oil  and  excess  feedstock  is  affected  by  changes  in  certain  indices  measuring  changes  in  the  price  of  heavy  fuel  oil,  with  increases  and
decreases  in  the  indices  typically  translating  into  a  higher  or  lower  price  for  our  re-refined/processed  oil  and  excess  feedstock.  The  cost  to  collect  used  oil,
including the amounts we pay to obtain a portion of our used oil and therefore ability to collect necessary volumes as well as the fuel costs of our oil collection
fleet,  typically  also  increases  or  decreases  when  the  relevant  indices  increase  or  decrease.  However,  even  though  the  prices  we  can  charge  for  our  re-
refined/processed  oil  and  excess  feedstock  and  the  costs  to  collect  and  re-refine/processed  used  oil  typically  increase  and  decrease  together,  there  is  no
assurance that when our costs to collect and re-refine/process used oil increase we will be able to increase the prices we charge for our re-refined/processed oil
excess  feedstock  to  cover  such  increased  costs,  or  that  our  costs  to  collect  and  re-refine/process  used  oil  will  decline  when  the  prices  we  can  charge  for  re-
refined/processed oil declines. These risks are exacerbated when there are rapid fluctuations in these oil indices.

17

EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

In addition to the above, the value of re-refined and processed used oil is usually greater the more expensive oil is. As the price of oil decreases so does
the spread between re-refined/processed used oil and refined oil and extremely low oil prices, such as the global markets experienced during fiscal 2015 and
2016, customers will often be willing to pay the slightly higher cost of refined oil rather than paying for re-refined/processed oil. Furthermore, as the price of oil
decreases, the price we can charge for re-refined/processed oil decreases, and while in general the cost of our feedstocks decrease, the fixed prices required to
process  such  feedstock  and  operate  our  plans  remain  fixed.  As  such,  in  the  event  the  price  of  oil  remains  low  and  we  are  not  able  to  increase  the  prices  we
charge for re-refined/processed oil, our margins will likely decrease and it may not become economically feasible to continue to operate our facilities. In the event
that were to occur we may be forced to shut down our facilities.

The occurrence of any of the events described above could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and could in turn cause the value

of our securities to decline in value.

The prices of many of our products are subject to significant volatility.

Our principal products include marine fuel cutterstock and a higher-value feedstock for further processing, vacuum oil gas, base oil that is sold to lubricant
packagers  and  distributors,  pygas,  gasoline  blendstock  and  marine  fuel  cutterstock.  The  prices  of  these  products  are  tied  to  the  value  of  oil.  Accordingly,  our
results of operations will be affected by fluctuations in the prevailing market price for oil. Historically, market prices for oil have fluctuated in response to a number
of factors, including global changes in supply and demand resulting from changes in local and global economic conditions, changes in energy policies of U.S. and
foreign  governments,  changes  in  international  trading  policies,  OPEC,  and  other  factors.  While  we  seek  to  mitigate  the  risks  associated  with  price  declines,
including in some situations, by using hedging, a significant decrease in the market price of any of our products or of oil would have a material adverse effect on
our  results  of  operations  and  cash  flow.  Furthermore,  rapid  and  material  changes  in  feedstock  prices  generally  have  an  immediate  and,  often  times,  material
impact  on  the  Company’s  gross  margin  and  profitability  resulting  from  the  lag  effect  or  lapse  of  time  from  the  procurement  of  the  feedstock  until  they  are  re-
refined/processed and the finished products are sold. Our results of operations could be materially and adversely affected in the future by this volatility.

Our TCEP only makes commercial sense when the market price for oil is high.

We  are  currently  utilizing  TCEP  to  pre-treat  our  used  motor  oil  feedstocks  prior  to  shipping  them  to  our  facility  in  Marrero,  Louisiana.  We  have  not
operated our TCEP for the purpose of producing finished cutterstock since the third quarter of fiscal 2015. As the price of oil decreased sharply in fiscal 2016, we
determined that it did not make economic sense to run our TCEP, which generates the greatest margins when oil prices are high. When oil prices are low, like
they are currently, the fixed costs of TCEP are greater than the price we can charge for re-refined oil we can create using such technology. In the event oil prices
remain low, moving forward we anticipate not operating TCEP, nor do we anticipate generating any revenues through the use of such technology and processes.

Downturns  and  volatility  in  global  economies  and  commodity  and  credit  markets  could  materially  adversely  affect  our  business,  results  of

operations and financial condition.

Our results of operations are materially affected by the conditions of the global economies and the credit, commodities and stock markets. Among other
things,  we  may  be  adversely  impacted  if  our  customers  and  suppliers  are  not  able  to  access  sufficient  capital  to  continue  to  operate  their  businesses  or  to
operate them at prior levels. A decline in consumer confidence or changing patterns in the availability and use of disposable income by consumers can negatively
affect  both  our  suppliers  and  customers.  Declining  discretionary  consumer  spending  or  the  loss  or  impairment  of  a  meaningful  number  of  our  suppliers  or
customers could lead to a dislocation in either feedstock availability or customer demand. Any tightening in credit supply could negatively affect our customers’
ability  to  pay  for  our  products  on  a  timely  basis  or  at  all  and  could  result  in  a  requirement  for  additional  bad  debt  reserves.  Although  many  of  our  customer
contracts are formula-based, continued volatility in the oil market could negatively impact our revenues and overall profits. Counterparty risk on finished product
sales can also impact revenue and operating profits when customers either are unable to obtain credit or refuse to take delivery of finished products due to market
price declines.

If we are unable to retain current, and attain new customers, our revenue and cash flows could be reduced to levels that could adversely affect

our results of operations.

Any of the following factors:

•

a material decrease in the supply or price of crude oil or petroleum related products in which we deal;

18

EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

•

•

•

a material decrease in demand for the finished products in the markets we serve;

scheduled refinery turnarounds or unscheduled maintenance; and

operational problems or catastrophic events at any of our facilities,

could result in our inability to maintain current customers or attain new customers. If that were to happen our results of operations could be materially

adversely affected and the value of our securities could decline in value.

We are dependent on third parties for the disposal of our waste streams.

We do not own any waste disposal sites. As a result, we are dependent on third parties for the disposal of waste streams. To date, disposal vendors have
met their requirements but they may not continue to do so. If for some reason our current disposal vendors cannot perform up to standards, we may be required
to replace them. Although we believe there are a number of potential replacement disposal vendors that could provide such services, we may incur additional
costs  and  delays  in  identifying  and  qualifying  such  replacements.  In  addition,  any  mishandling  of  our  waste  streams  by  disposal  vendors  could  expose  us  to
liability. Any failure by disposal vendors to properly collect, transport, handle or dispose of our waste streams could expose us to liability, damage our reputation
and generally have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.

We are dependent on third party generators and collectors for our feedstock.

Generators  are  entities  that  generate  used  oil  through  their  daily  operations  such  as  automotive  businesses  conducting  oil  changes  on  consumer  and

commercial vehicles and industrial users changing lubricants on machinery and heavy equipment.

Collectors are typically local businesses that purchase used oil from generators and provide on-site collection services. The collection market is highly

fragmented and we believe there are more than 400 used oil collectors in the United States.

We depend on generators to generate used oil feedstock and collectors to collect such feedstock. In the event a significant number of generators cease
generating feedstock, or generators and collectors cease providing us their feedstock or otherwise materially change the current process by which feedstock is
collected, it could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.

Worsening economic conditions and trends and downturns in the business cycles of the industries we serve and which provide services to us

would impact our business and operating results.

A significant portion of our customer base is comprised of companies in the chemical manufacturing and hydrocarbon recovery industries. The overall
levels of demand for our products, refining operations, and future planned re-refined oil products are driven by fluctuations in levels of end-user demand, which
depend in large part on general macroeconomic conditions in the U.S., as well as regional economic conditions. For example, many of our principal consumers
are themselves heavily dependent on general economic conditions, including the price of fuel and energy, availability of affordable credit and capital, employment
levels,  interest  rates,  consumer  confidence  and  housing  demand.  These  cyclical  shifts  in  our  customers’  businesses  may  result  in  fluctuations  in  demand,
volumes, pricing and operating margins for our services and products.

In  addition  to  our  customers,  the  suppliers  of  our  feedstock  may  also  be  affected  by  downturns  in  the  economy  and  adverse  changes  in  the  price  of
feedstock. For example, we previously experienced difficulty obtaining feedstock from our suppliers who, because of the sharp downturn in the price of oil (used
and otherwise) have seen their margins decrease substantially, which in some cases have made it uneconomical for such suppliers to purchase feedstock from
their  suppliers  and/or  sell  to  us  at  the  rates  set  forth  in  their  contracts.  Any  similar  decline  in  the  price  of  oil  and/or  the  economy  in  general  could  create  a
decrease in the supply of feedstock, prevent us from maintaining our required levels of output and/or force us to seek additional suppliers of feedstock, who may
charge more than our current suppliers, and therefore adversely affect our results of operations.

19

EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

Our operating margins and profitability may be negatively impacted by changes in fuel and energy costs.

We  transport  our  feedstock,  refined  oil  and  re-refined  oil,  VGO  and  other  materials  with  trucks  and  by  rail.  As  a  result,  increases  in  shipping  and
transportation costs caused by increases in oil, gasoline and diesel prices have a significant impact on our operating expenses. The price and supply of oil and
gas is unpredictable and fluctuates based on events beyond our control, including geopolitical developments, natural disasters, supply and demand for oil and
natural  gas,  actions  by  OPEC  and  other  oil  and  gas  producers,  war  and  unrest  in  oil  producing  countries,  regional  production  patterns  and  environmental
concerns. A significant increase in transportation or fuel costs could lower our operating margins and negatively impact our profitability.

Additionally, the price at which we sell our refined oil and our re-refined oil, VGO and other materials is affected by changes in certain oil indexes. If the
relevant oil index rises, we anticipate being able to increase the prices for our refined and re-refined oil. If the relevant oil index declines, we anticipate having to
reduce prices for our refined and re-refined oil. However, the cost to collect used oil and refinery feedstock, including the amounts that must be paid to obtain used
oil and feedstock, generally also increases or decreases when the relevant index increases or decreases. Even though the prices that can be charged for our
refined and re-refined products and the costs to collect, refine, and re-refine the feedstock generally increase and decrease together, if the costs to collect, refine
and  re-refine  used  oil  and  petrochemical  products  increase  in  the  future,  we  may  not  be  able  to  increase  the  prices  we  charge  for  our  refined  and  re-refined
products to cover such increased costs. Additionally, the costs to collect, refine and re-refine used oil and petrochemical products may not decline if the prices we
can charge for our products decline. If the prices we charge for our finished products and the costs to collect, refine and re-refine products do not move together or
in similar magnitudes, our profitability may be materially and negatively impacted.

We are vulnerable to the potential difficulties associated with rapid growth.

We believe that our future success depends on our ability to manage the rapid growth that we have experienced, and the continued growth that we expect
to  experience  organically  and  through  acquisitions.  Our  growth  places  additional  demands  and  responsibilities  on  our  management  to,  among  other  things,
maintain existing suppliers and customers and attract, recruit, retain and effectively manage employees, as well as expand operations. The following factors could
present  difficulties  to  us:  lack  of  sufficient  executive-level  personnel  and  increased  administrative  burden;  availability  of  suitable  acquisition  candidates,  trucks,
barges, tanks, rail cars and processing facilities; and the ability to provide focused service attention to our customers, among others.

Our  contracts  may  not  be  renewed  and  our  existing  relationships  may  not  continue,  which  could  be  exacerbated  by  the  fact  that  a  limited

number of our customers represented a significant portion of our sales.

Our  contracts  and  relationships  in  the  black  oil  business  include  feedstock  purchasing  agreements  with  local  waste  oil  collectors,  feedstock  sale
agreements, a few key relationships in the bunkering, blending and No. 6 oil industry, and other relationships. Because our operations are extremely dependent
on the black oil key bunkering, blending and No. 6 oil relationships as well as our third-party refining contracts, if we were to lose relationships, there would be a
material  adverse  effect  on  our  operations  and  results  of  operations.  Additionally,  if  we  were  to  lose  any  of  our  current  local  waste  oil  collectors,  we  could  be
required to spend additional resources locating and providing incentives for other waste oil collectors, which could cause our expenses to increase and/or cause
us to curtail or abandon our business plans.

A significant portion of our historical revenues are a result of our agreement with KMTEX.

We have an agreement in place with KMTEX, which specializes in the custom processing of petrochemicals and other chemicals. Our services include
terminal storage and expert project management in materials handling, distillation, filtration, molecular sieve, and reaction chemistry, pursuant to which KMTEX
agreed  to  process  feedstock  of  certain  petroleum  distillates,  which  we  provide  to  KMTEX  to  process  into  more  valuable  feedstocks,  including  pygas,  gasoline
blendstock and cutterstock, which agreement currently expires on December 31, 2019, provided that if not terminated by either party by written notice to the other,
received within ninety (90) days prior to the expiration term, the agreement automatically renews for up to five additional one (1) year periods. However, either
party  can  terminate  the  agreement  at  any  time  with  ninety  days  prior  written  notice  for  any  reason  and  with  thirty  days  written  notice  upon  the  occurrence  of
certain material termination events as described in greater detail in the agreement. If KMTEX were to terminate our relationship and/or not agree to renew our
agreement with it, we would be forced to spend resources attempting to locate another party which we could supply our feedstock which could take substantial
time,  if  such  alternative  party  is  even  available.  If  we  are  able  to  find  another  contracting  party,  the  terms  of  the  understanding  or  agreement  with  such
contracting party may be on terms less favorable to us and/or may force us to transport our feedstock a greater distance. As a result of the above, if we were to
lose our relationship with KMTEX our expenses may increase, our results of operations may decrease and/or it may cause us to curtail or abandon our business
plans, all of which would likely cause the value of our securities to decrease in value.

20

EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

We operate in competitive markets, and there can be no certainty that we will maintain our current customers or attract new customers or that

our operating margins will not be impacted by competition.

The  industries  in  which  we  operate  are  highly  competitive.  We  compete  with  numerous  local  and  regional  companies  of  varying  sizes  and  financial
resources  in  our  refining  and  feedstock  consolidation  operations,  transportation  services,  feedstock  collection  and  aggregation  and  used  oil  recycling,  and  we
compete with larger oil companies, with significantly greater resources than us, in our oil re-refining operations. We expect competition to intensify in the future.
Furthermore,  numerous  well-established  companies  are  focusing  significant  resources  on  providing  used  oil  collection,  transportation,  refining  and  re-refining
services that will compete with our services. We may not be able to effectively compete with these other companies and competitive pressures, including possible
downward pressure on the prices we charge for our products and services, may arise. In the event that we cannot effectively compete on a continuing basis, or
competitive pressures arise, such inability to compete or competitive pressures could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and
financial condition.

Disruptions in the supply of feedstock and/or increases in the cost of feedstock could have an adverse effect on our business.

We depend on the continuing availability of raw materials, including feedstock, to remain in production. Additionally, we depend on the price of such raw
materials,  including  feedstock  being  reasonable  to  us  in  relation  to  the  prices  we  are  able  to  receive  for  our  final  products.  A  serious  disruption  in  supply  of
feedstock, or significant increases in the prices of feedstock, could significantly reduce the availability of raw materials at our plants and which are available to be
processed by our third-party processors. Additionally, increases in production costs could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations
and financial condition.

For example, in the past we experienced difficulty in obtaining feedstock from our suppliers who, because of the sharp downturn in the price of oil (used
and otherwise) in 2015 and 2016, saw their margins decrease substantially, which in some cases made it uneconomical for such suppliers to purchase feedstock
from their suppliers and/or sell to us at the rates set forth in their contracts. Any similar decline in the price of oil and/or the economy in general could create a
decrease in the supply of feedstock, prevent us from maintaining our required levels of output and/or force us to seek out additional suppliers of feedstock, who
may charge more than our current suppliers, and therefore adversely affect our results of operations.

Our reliance on small business customers causes us to be subject to the trends and downturns that impact small businesses, which could

adversely affect our business.

Our feedstock customer base is primarily composed of small businesses in the vehicle repair and manufacturing industries. The high concentration of our

feedstock customers that are small businesses exposes us to significant risk.  Small businesses start, close, relocate, and are acquired and sold frequently. In
addition, small businesses are often impacted more significantly by economic recessions when compared to larger businesses. As a result, we must continually
identify new feedstock customers and expand our business with existing feedstock customers in order to sustain our growth and feedstock supply. If we
experience a rise in levels of customer turnover, it may have a negative impact on the profitability of our business.

Unanticipated problems at, or downtime effecting, our facilities and those operated by third parties on which we rely, could have a material

adverse effect on our results of operations.

Our ability to process feedstocks depends on our ability to operate our refining/processing operations and facilities, and those operated by third parties on
which  we  rely,  including,  but  not  limited  to  KMTEX,  and  the  total  time  that  such  facilities  are  online  and  operational.  The  occurrence  of  significant  unforeseen
conditions  or  events  in  connection  with  the  operation  or  maintenance  of  such  facilities,  such  as  the  need  to  refurbish  such  facilities,  shortages  of  workers  or
materials, adverse weather, including, but not limited to lightning strikes, floods, hurricanes, tornadoes and earthquakes, equipment failures, fires, explosions, oil
or other leaks, damage to or destruction of property and equipment associated therewith, environmental releases and/or damage, government regulation changes
affecting the use of such facilities, terrorist attacks, mechanical or physical failures of equipment, acts of God, or other conditions or events, could prevent us from
operating our facilities, or prevent such third parties from operating their facilities, or could force us or such third parties to shut such facilities down for repairs,
maintenance, refurbishment or upgrades for a significant period of time. In the event any of our facilities or those of third parties on which we rely are offline for an
extended period of time it could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and consequently the price of our securities.

The fees charged to customers under our agreements with them may not escalate sufficiently to cover increases in costs and the agreements

may be suspended in some circumstances, which would affect our profitability.

21

EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

Under  our  agreements  with  our  customers,  we  may  be  unable  to  increase  the  fees  that  we  charge  our  customers  at  a  rate  sufficient  to  offset  any
increases  in  our  costs.  Additionally,  some  customers’  obligations  under  their  agreements  with  us  may  be  permanently  or  temporarily  reduced  upon  the
occurrence of certain events, some of which are beyond our control, including force majeure events. Force majeure events may include (but are not limited to)
events  such  as  revolutions,  wars,  acts  of  enemies,  embargoes,  import  or  export  restrictions,  strikes,  lockouts,  fires,  storms,  floods,  acts  of  God,  explosions,
mechanical or physical failures of our equipment or facilities of our customers. If the escalation of fees is insufficient to cover increased costs or if any customer
suspends or terminates its contracts with us, our profitability could be materially and adversely affected.

Improvements  in  or  new  discoveries  of  alternative  energy  technologies  and/or  government  mandated  use  of  such  technologies  and/or

government restrictions or quotas on the use of oil and gas, could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

Because our business depends on the demand for oil and used oil, any improvement in or new discoveries of alternative energy technologies (such as
wind, solar, geothermal, fuel cells and biofuels), government mandated use of such technologies and/or government restrictions or quotas on the use of oil and
gas that increase the use of alternative forms of energy and/or reduce the demand or market for oil, used oil and oil and used oil related products could have a
material adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

In  addition  to  the  above,  we  may  be  exposed  to  risks  related  to  laws  passed  by  governments  or  regulations  incentivizing  or  mandating  the  use  of
alternative  energy  sources,  such  as  wind  power  and  solar  energy,  which  may  reduce  demand  for  oil  and  natural  gas  and  our  drilling  services.  Such  laws,
regulations, treaties or international agreements could result in increased compliance costs or additional operating restrictions, which may have a negative impact
on our business, and could adversely affect our operations by limiting drilling opportunities.

Improvements  in  or  new  methodologies  or  technology  relating  to  the  refining  and  re-refining  of  used  oil  feedstocks  could  have  a  material

adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

In the event our competitors or future competitors design or implement new methodologies or new technology relating to the refining or re-refining of used
oil feedstock it could reduce demand for our processes, or make such processes commercially irrelevant. In the event we are not able to duplicate or license such
new methodologies or technology it could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our business is subject to operational and safety risks, including the risk of personal injury to employees and others.

Our  operations  involve  risks  such  as  truck  accidents,  equipment  defects,  malfunctions  and  failures.  Additionally,  our  operations  are  subject  to  risk
associated with releases of oil and other materials. Operation of our facilities involves additional risks of fire and explosion. Any of these risks could potentially
result in injury or death of employees and others, a need to shut down or reduce operation of facilities, increased operating expense and exposure to liability for
pollution and other environmental damage, and property damage or destruction.

While  we  seek  to  minimize  our  exposure  to  such  risks  through  comprehensive  training,  compliance  and  response  and  recovery  programs,  as  well  as
vehicle and equipment maintenance programs, if we were to incur substantial liabilities in excess of any applicable insurance, our business, results of operations
and financial condition could be adversely affected. Any such incidents could also tarnish our reputation and reduce the value of our brand. Additionally, a major
operational  failure,  even  if  suffered  by  a  competitor,  may  bring  enhanced  scrutiny  and  regulation  of  our  industry,  with  a  corresponding  increase  in  operating
expense.

We  may  be  subject  to  citizen  opposition  and  negative  publicity  due  to  public  concerns  over  our  operations  and  planned  future  operations,

which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.

There currently exists a high level of public concern over hazardous waste and refining and re-refining operations, including with respect to the location
and operation of transfer, processing, storage and disposal facilities. Part of our business strategy is to increase our re-refining capacity through the construction
of  new  facilities  in  growth  markets.  Zoning,  permit  and  licensing  applications  and  proceedings,  as  well  as  regulatory  enforcement  proceedings,  are  all  matters
open to public scrutiny and comment. Accordingly, from time to time we may be subject to citizen opposition and publicity which may damage our reputation and
delay or limit the planned expansion and development of future facilities or operations or impair our ability to renew existing permits, any of which could prevent us
from implementing our growth strategy and have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.

22

EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

We depend heavily on the services of our Chief Executive Officer and Chairman, Benjamin P. Cowart.

Our success depends heavily upon the personal efforts and abilities of Benjamin P. Cowart, our Chief Executive Officer and Chairman, who is employed
by us pursuant to an employment contract which continues in effect until December 31, 2019, provided that the agreement automatically extends for additional
one year terms thereafter in the event neither party provides the other at least 60 days prior notice of their intention not to renew the terms of the agreement. The
loss  of  Mr.  Cowart  or  other  key  employees  could  have  a  material  adverse  effect  on  our  business,  results  of  operations  or  financial  condition.  In  addition,  the
absence of Mr. Cowart may force us to seek a replacement who may have less experience or who may not understand our business as well, or we may not be
able to find a suitable replacement.

Unanticipated problems or delays in building our facilities to the proper specifications may harm our business and viability.

Our future growth will depend on our ability to timely and economically complete and operate our re-refining facilities and operate our existing refining
operations  and  facilities.  If  our  operations  are  disrupted  or  our  economic  integrity  is  threatened  for  unexpected  reasons,  our  business  may  experience  a
substantial  setback.  Moreover,  the  occurrence  of  significant  unforeseen  conditions  or  events  in  connection  with  the  construction  of  our  planned  facilities  may
require  us  to  reexamine  our  business  model.  Any  change  to  our  business  model  or  management’s  evaluation  of  the  viability  of  our  planned  services  may
adversely affect our business. Construction costs for our future facilities may also increase to a level that would make a new facility too expensive to complete or
unprofitable to operate. Contractors, engineering firms, construction firms and equipment suppliers also receive requests and orders from other companies and,
therefore, we may not be able to secure their services or products on a timely basis or on acceptable financial terms. We may suffer significant delays or cost
overruns as a result of a variety of factors, such as increases in the prices of raw materials, shortages of workers or materials, transportation constraints, adverse
weather,  equipment  failures,  fires,  damage  to  or  destruction  of  property  and  equipment,  environmental  damage,  unforeseen  difficulties  or  labor  issues,  any  of
which could prevent us from beginning or completing construction or commencing operations at future re-refining facilities.

Strategic relationships on which we rely are subject to change.

Our ability to identify and enter into commercial arrangements with feedstock suppliers and refined and re-refined oil clients depends on developing and
maintaining close working relationships with industry participants. Our success in this area also depends on our ability to select and evaluate suitable projects as
well as to consummate transactions in a highly competitive environment. These factors are subject to change and may impair our ability to grow.

Disruptions to infrastructure and our and our partner’s facilities could materially and adversely affect our business.

Our  business  depends  on  the  continuing  availability  of  road,  railroad,  port,  storage  and  distribution  infrastructure  and  our  re-refining  facilities.  Any
disruptions  in  this  infrastructure  network  or  such  re-refining  facilities,  whether  caused  by  labor  difficulties,  earthquakes,  storms,  other  natural  disasters,  human
error or malfeasance or other reasons, could have a material adverse effect on our business. We rely on third parties to maintain the rail lines from our plants to
the national rail network, and any failure by these third parties to maintain the lines could impede the delivery of products, impose additional costs and could have
a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition. For example, previous damage to our terminal facility located at Cedar
Marine Terminal in Baytown, Texas as a result of Hurricane Ike in 2008 (which caused the terminal to temporarily be out of operation) resulted in increased costs
associated with the shipping of feedstock through third-party contractors, thereby raising the overall cost of the feedstock and lowering our margins. Additional
hurricanes or natural disasters in the future could cause similar damage to our infrastructure, prevent us from generating revenues while such infrastructure is
undergoing repair (if repairable) and/or cause our margins and therefore our results of operations to be adversely affected.

Any  prolonged  period  during  which  the  facilities  we  operate  or  acquire  are  non-operational  or  operational  on  a  limited  basis  due  to  the  decision  to
refurbish or upgrade such facilities, due to accidents or events which occur at such facilities, including, but not limited to fires, floods or other acts of God, or any
other reason, including problems with the facilities, could adversely affect our revenues and results of operations. Furthermore, any period during which KMTEX’s
facilities  or  our  other  facilities  are  offline  could  have  an  adverse  effect  on  our  revenues,  force  us  to  seek  alternative  re-refining  facilities  (which  may  be  more
expensive or require us to transport our feedstock over longer distances) and may increase our expenses, decreasing our operating margins.

Negative publicity may harm our operations and we may face additional expenses due to such negative publicity.

Only  a  relatively  small  number  of  entities  operate  in  our  industry  including  competitors,  feedstock  suppliers,  re-refining  operators,  purchasers  of  our

products and transportation companies. If issues arise with our products or third parties (including

23

EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

entities which operate in our industry) allege issues with our products, even if no issues with such products exist, such negative publicity may force us to change
service providers, undertake certain transportation activities ourselves, at higher costs than third parties would charge, or cause certain of our buyers, sellers or
service providers to cease working with us. The result of such actions may result in our expenses increasing, a decrease in our ability to purchase feedstock, or
our  ability  to  sell  or  transport  our  resulting  products,  which  could  cause  our  revenues  to  decrease  and/or  expenses  to  increase,  which  could  cause  a  material
adverse effect on our results of operations.

Our commercial success will depend in part on our ability to obtain and maintain protection of our intellectual property.

Our success will depend in part on our ability to maintain or obtain and enforce patent rights and other intellectual property protection for our technologies,
to preserve our trade secrets, and to operate without infringing upon the proprietary rights of third parties. We currently have five registered patents in the United
States (none, internationally). If we file additional patent applications for our technologies in the future, such patents may not be granted and the scope of any
claims  granted  in  any  patent  may  not  provide  us  with  proprietary  protection  or  a  competitive  advantage.  Furthermore,  our  current  patents,  or  future  patents,  if
granted,  may  not  be  valid  and  may  not  afford  us  with  protection  against  competitors  with  similar  technology.  The  failure  to  obtain  or  maintain  patents  or  other
intellectual  property  protection  on  the  technologies  underlying  our  technologies  may  have  a  material  adverse  effect  on  our  competitive  position  and  business
prospects. It is also possible that our technologies may infringe on patents or other intellectual property rights owned by others. We may have to alter our products
or processes, pay licensing fees, defend an infringement action or challenge the validity of the patents in court, or cease activities altogether because of patent
rights  of  third  parties,  thereby  causing  additional  unexpected  costs  and  delays  to  it.  A  license  may  not  be  available  to  us,  if  at  all,  upon  terms  and  conditions
acceptable to us and we may not prevail in any intellectual property litigation. Intellectual property litigation is costly and time consuming, and we may not have
sufficient resources to pursue such litigation. If we do not obtain a license under such intellectual property rights, are found liable for infringement or are not able
to have such patents declared invalid, we may be liable for significant money damages and may encounter significant delays in bringing products to market.

Competition may impair our success.

New technologies may be developed by others that could compete with our refining and re-refining technologies. In addition, we face competition from
other producers of oil substitutes and related products. Such competition is expected to be intense and could significantly drive down the price for our products.
Competition  will  likely  increase  as  prices  of  energy  in  the  commodities  market,  including  refined  and  re-refined  oil,  rise.  Additionally,  new  companies  are
constantly  entering  the  market,  thus  increasing  the  competition  even  further.  These  companies  may  have  greater  success  in  the  recruitment  and  retention  of
qualified  employees,  as  well  as  in  conducting  their  own  refining  and  re-refining  operations,  and  may  have  greater  access  to  feedstock,  market  presence,
economies of scale, financial resources and engineering, technical and marketing capabilities, which may give them a competitive advantage. In addition, actual
or  potential  competitors  may  be  strengthened  through  the  acquisition  of  additional  assets  and  interests.  If  we  are  unable  to  compete  effectively  or  adequately
respond to competitive pressures, this may materially adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition and could also have a negative impact on
our ability to obtain additional capital from investors.

Potential competition from our existing executive officers, after they leave their employment with us, and subject to the non-compete terms of

their employment agreements, could negatively impact our profitability.

Although our Chief Executive Officer, Benjamin P. Cowart, our Chief Financial Officer and Secretary, Chris Carlson, and our Chief Operating Officer, John
Strickland, are prohibited from competing with us while they are employed with us and for twelve months thereafter (subject to the terms of, and exemptions set
forth  in,  their  employment  agreements  with  the  Company),  none  of  such  individuals  will  be  prohibited  from  competing  with  us  after  such  twelve-month  period
ends. Accordingly, any of these individuals could be in a position to use industry experience gained while working with us to compete with us. Such competition
could increase our costs to obtain feedstock, and increase our costs for contracting use of operating assets and services such as third-party refining capacity,
trucking services or terminal access. Furthermore, such competition could distract or confuse customers, reduce the value of our intellectual property and trade
secrets, or result in a reduction in the prices we are able to obtain for our finished products. Any of the foregoing could reduce our future revenues, earnings or
growth prospects.

Competition due to advances in renewable fuels may lessen the demand for our products and negatively impact our profitability.

Alternatives to petroleum-based products and production methods are continually under development. For example, a number of automotive, industrial
and power generation manufacturers are developing alternative clean power systems using fuel cells or clean-burning gaseous fuels that may address increasing
worldwide energy costs, the long-term availability of petroleum

24

EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

reserves and environmental concerns, which if successful could lower the demand for our services. If these non-petroleum based products and oil alternatives
continue  to  expand  and  gain  broad  acceptance  such  that  the  overall  demand  for  our  products  is  reduced,  we  may  not  be  able  to  compete  effectively  in  the
marketplace.

We will rely on new technology to conduct our business, including TCEP and our technology could become ineffective or obsolete.

We will be required to continually enhance and update our technology to maintain our efficiency and to avoid obsolescence. Currently TCEP is being used
to  pre-treat  our  used  motor  oil  feedstock  prior  to  shipping  them  to  our  facility  in  Marrero,  Louisiana;  but  we  have  not  operated  our  TCEP  for  the  purpose  of
producing finished cutterstock since the third quarter of fiscal 2015, due to market conditions. In the event market conditions increase in the future, we plan to use
TCEP  to  re-refine  used  oil  into  marine  fuel  cutterstock.  Additionally,  the  costs  moving  forward  of  enhancing  and  updating  and/or  replicating  our  technology  or
creating new technology may be substantial and may be higher than the costs that we anticipated for technology maintenance and development. If we are unable
to  maintain  the  efficiency  of  our  technology,  replicate  our  technology,  or  create  new  technologies  our  ability  to  manage  our  business  and  to  compete  may  be
impaired. Even if we are able to maintain technical effectiveness, our technology may not be the most efficient means of reaching our objectives, in which case
we may incur higher operating costs than we would if our technology was more effective. The impact of these potential future technical shortcomings, including
but  not  limited  to  the  failure  of  TCEP,  and/or  the  costs  associated  with  enhancing  or  replicating  TCEP  could  have  a  material  adverse  effect  on  our  prospects,
business, financial condition, and results of operations.

Our operations would be negatively affected if we are unable to use our facilities in the future.

If we were not able to use any one or more of our facilities moving forward, our ability to generate revenue and compete in the marketplace would be
negatively  affected. If  we  are  unable  to  use  our  facilities  for  any  reason,  we  will  not  be  able  to  effectively  generate  revenue  or  compete  with  additional
technologies brought to market by our competitors, the volume of our finished products would decline and our finished products could be worth less, and if our
competitors are willing to pay more for feedstock than we are, they could drive up prices, which would cause our revenues to decrease, and cause our cost of
sales to increase, respectively. Additionally, if we are forced to pay more for feedstock, our cash flows will be negatively impacted and our margins will decrease.

Our business is subject to local, legal, political, and economic factors which are beyond our control.

We  believe  that  the  current  political  environment  for  refining  and  re-refining  facilities  is  sufficiently  supportive  to  enable  us  to  continue  to  operate  our
facilities and in the future plan and implement the construction of additional facilities; however, there are risks that conditions will change in an adverse manner.
These  risks  include,  but  are  not  limited  to,  environmental  issues,  land  use,  air  emissions,  water  use,  zoning,  workplace  safety,  restrictions  imposed  on  the  re-
refining industry such as restrictions on production, substantial changes in product quality standards, restrictions on feedstock supply, price controls and export
controls. Any changes in financial incentives, investment regulations, policies or a shift in political attitudes are beyond our control and may adversely affect our
business, plans for future facilities, and future financial results.

Additionally, the U.S. Departments of Transportation, Coast Guard and Homeland Security and various federal, state, local and foreign agencies exercise
broad powers over our transportation operations, generally governing such activities as authorization to engage in motor carrier operations, safety and permits to
conduct  transportation  business.  We  may  also  become  subject  to  new  or  more  restrictive  regulations  that  the  Departments  of  Transportation  and  Homeland
Security, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, the Environmental Protection Agency or other authorities impose, including regulations relating to
engine  exhaust  emissions,  the  hours  of  service  that  our  drivers  may  provide  in  any  one-time  period,  security  and  other  matters.  Compliance  with  these
regulations could increase our costs and adversely affect our results of operations.

Our business may be harmed by anti-terrorism measures.

Due to ongoing increased concerns regarding future terrorist attacks and illegal immigration, federal, state and municipal authorities, from time to time,
implement  various  security  measures,  including  checkpoints  and  travel  restrictions  on  large  trucks.  Although  many  companies  are  adversely  affected  by
slowdowns  in  the  availability  of  freight  transportation,  the  negative  impact  could  affect  our  business  disproportionately.  For  example,  if  the  security  measures
disrupt or impede the timing of our deliveries of feedstock, we may not have sufficient feedstock to run our re-refining processes at full capacity, or may incur
increased expenses to do so. These measures may significantly increase our costs and reduce our operating margins and income.

25

EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

Our business is geographically concentrated and is therefore subject to regional economic downturns.

Our operations and customers are concentrated principally in the Gulf Coast, upper Midwest, and Mid-Atlantic. Therefore, our business, financial condition
and results of operations are susceptible to regional economic downturns and other regional factors, including state regulations and budget constraints and severe
weather  conditions.  In  addition,  as  we  seek  to  expand  in  our  existing  markets,  opportunities  for  growth  within  this  region  may  become  more  limited  and  the
geographic concentration of our business may increase.

If we cannot maintain adequate insurance coverage, we will be unable to continue certain operations.

Our  business  exposes  us  to  various  risks,  including  claims  for  causing  damage  to  property  and  injuries  to  persons  that  may  involve  allegations  of
negligence or professional errors or omissions in the performance of our services. Such claims could be substantial. We believe that our insurance coverage is
presently  adequate  and  similar  to,  or  greater  than,  the  coverage  maintained  by  other  similarly  situated  companies  in  the  industry.  If  we  are  unable  to  obtain
adequate or required insurance coverage in the future, or if such insurance is not available at affordable rates, we could be in violation of our permit conditions
and other requirements of the environmental laws, rules and regulations under which we operate. Such violations could render us unable to continue certain of
our operations. These events could result in an inability to operate certain assets and significantly impair our financial condition.

Our insurance policies do not cover all losses, costs or liabilities that we may experience.

We maintain insurance coverage, but these policies do not cover all of our potential losses, costs or liabilities. We could suffer losses for uninsurable or
uninsured  risks,  or  in  amounts  in  excess  of  our  existing  insurance  coverage,  which  would  significantly  affect  our  financial  performance.  Our  insurance  policies
also have deductibles and self-retention limits that could expose us to significant financial expense. Our ability to obtain and maintain adequate insurance may be
affected by conditions in the insurance market over which we have no control. The occurrence of an event that is not fully covered by insurance could have a
material  adverse  effect  on  our  business,  financial  condition  and  results  of  operations.  In  addition,  our  business  requires  that  we  maintain  various  types  of
insurance. If such insurance is not available or not available on economically acceptable terms, our business would be materially and adversely affected.

Claims above our insurance limits, or significant increases in our insurance premiums, may reduce our profitability.

We  currently  employ  57  full-time  drivers.  From  time  to  time,  some  of  these  employee  drivers  are  involved  in  automobile  accidents.  We  currently  carry
liability insurance of $1,000,000 for our drivers, subject to applicable deductibles, and carry umbrella coverage up to $25,000,000. We currently employ over 200
employees.  Claims  against  us  may  exceed  the  amounts  of  available  insurance  coverage.  If  we  were  to  experience  a  material  increase  in  the  frequency  or
severity of accidents, liability claims or workers’ compensation claims or unfavorable resolutions of claims, our operating results could be materially affected.

Litigation related to personal injury from the operation of our business may result in significant liabilities and limit our profitability.

The hazards and risks associated with the transport, storage, and handling, treatment and disposal of used oil and other hydrocarbon products (such as
fires,  spills,  explosions  and  accidents)  may  expose  us  to  personal  injury  claims,  property  damage  claims  and/or  products  liability  claims  from  our  employees,
customers or third parties. As protection against such claims and operating hazards, we maintain insurance coverage against some, but not all, potential losses.
However, we may sustain losses for uninsurable or uninsured risks, or in amounts in excess of existing insurance coverage. Due to the unpredictable nature of
personal injury litigation, it is not possible to predict the ultimate outcome of any future claims or lawsuits, and we may be held liable for significant personal injury
or damage to property or third parties, or other losses, that are not fully covered by our insurance, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial
condition, results of operations and cash flows.

The litigation environment in which we operate poses a significant risk to our businesses.

We may be involved from time to time in the ordinary course of business in lawsuits involving employment, commercial, and environmental issues, other
claims for injuries and damages, and shareholder and class action litigation, among other matters. We may experience negative outcomes in such lawsuits in the
future.  Any  such  negative  outcomes  could  have  a  material  adverse  effect  on  our  business,  liquidity,  financial  condition  and  results  of  operations.  We  evaluate
litigation claims and legal proceedings to assess the likelihood of unfavorable outcomes and to estimate, if possible, the amount of potential losses. Based on
these assessments and estimates, we establish reserves and disclose the relevant litigation claims or legal proceedings, as appropriate.

26

EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

These  assessments  and  estimates  are  based  on  the  information  available  to  management  at  the  time  and  involve  a  significant  amount  of  judgment.  Actual
outcomes or losses may differ materially from such assessments and estimates. The settlement or resolution of such claims or proceedings may have a material
adverse effect on our results of operations. In addition, judges and juries in certain jurisdictions in which we conduct business have demonstrated a willingness to
grant  large  verdicts,  including  punitive  damages,  to  plaintiffs  in  personal  injury,  property  damage  and  other  tort  cases.  We  use  appropriate  means  to  contest
litigation threatened or filed against us, but the litigation environment in these areas poses a significant business risk to us and could cause a significant diversion
of management resources and could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

The  Company’s  information  technology  systems  could  suffer  interruptions,  failures  or  breaches  and  our  business  operations  could  be

disrupted adversely effecting results of operations and the Company’s reputation.

The  Company’s  information  technology  systems,  some  of  which  are  dependent  on  services  provided  by  third  parties,  serve  an  important  role  in  the
operation of the business. These systems could be damaged or cease to function properly due to any number of causes, such as catastrophic events, power
outages, security breaches, computer viruses or cyber-based attacks.

The  Company  has  been,  and  likely  will  continue  to  be,  subject  to  computer  hacking,  acts  of  vandalism  or  theft,  malware,  computer  viruses  or  other
malicious codes, phishing, employee error or malfeasance, catastrophes, unforeseen events or other cyber-attacks. To date, the Company has seen no material
impact on our business or operations from these attacks or events. Any future significant compromise or breach of data security, whether external or internal, or
misuse of customer, associate, supplier or Company data, could result in significant costs, lost sales, fines, lawsuits, and damage to the Company's reputation.
However, the ever-evolving threats mean the Company and its third-party service providers and vendors must continually evaluate and adapt respective systems
and processes and overall security environment, as well as those of any companies acquired. There is no guarantee that these measures will be adequate to
safeguard against all data security breaches, system compromises or misuses of data. In addition, as the regulatory environment related to information security,
data  collection  and  use,  and  privacy  becomes  increasingly  rigorous,  with  new  and  constantly  changing  requirements  applicable  to  the  Company's  business,
compliance with those requirements could also result in additional costs.

We operate our business through many locations, and if we are unable to effectively oversee all of these locations, our business reputation

and operating results could be materially adversely affected.

Because we operate through various different facilities located throughout the United States, we are subject to risks related to our ability to oversee these
locations.  If  in  the  future  we  are  unable  to  effectively  oversee  our  locations,  our  results  of  operations  could  be  materially  adversely  affected,  we  could  fail  to
comply  with  environmental  regulations,  we  could  lose  customers,  we  could  lose  control  of  inventory  and  other  assets,  and  our  business  could  be  materially
adversely affected.

Increases in energy costs will affect our operating results and financial condition.

Our production costs will be dependent on the costs of the energy sources used to run our facilities and to procure feedstock. These costs are subject to
fluctuations and variations, and we may not be able to predict or control these costs. If these costs exceed our expectations, this may adversely affect our results
of operations.

Fluctuations in fuel costs could impact our operating expenses and results.

We operate a fleet of transportation, collection and aggregation trucks to collect and transport used oil and re-refined oil products, among other things.
The price and supply of fuel is unpredictable and fluctuates based on events beyond our control, including, among others, geopolitical developments, supply and
demand  for  oil  and  gas,  actions  by  the  Organization  of  the  Petroleum  Exporting  Countries  and  other  oil  and  gas  producers,  war  and  unrest  in  oil  producing
countries and regional production patterns. We have experienced increases in the cost of fuel over the past several years. Although in the past, we have been
able  to  pass-through  some  of  these  costs  to  our  customers,  we  may  not  be  able  to  continue  to  do  so  in  the  future.  A  significant  increase  in  our  fuel  or  other
transportation costs could lower our operating margins and negatively impact our profitability.

Our  hedging  activities  may  prevent  us  from  benefiting  fully  from  increases  in  oil  prices  and  may  expose  us  to  other  risks,  including

counterparty risk.

We use derivative instruments to hedge the impact of fluctuations in oil prices on our results of operations and cash flows. To the extent that we engage in
hedging activities to protect ourselves against commodity price declines, we may be prevented from fully realizing the benefits of increases in oil prices above the
prices established by our hedging contracts. In addition, our

27

EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

    
hedging activities may expose us to the risk of financial loss in certain circumstances, including instances in which the counterparties to our hedging contracts fail
to perform under the contracts. Finally, we are subject to risks associated with the adoption of derivatives legislation and regulations related to derivative contracts
which if adopted, could have an adverse impact on our ability to hedge risks associated with our business. If regulations adopted in the future require that we post
margin  for  our  hedging  activities  or  require  our  counterparties  to  hold  margin  or  maintain  capital  levels,  the  cost  of  which  could  be  passed  through  to  us,  or
impose  other  requirements  that  are  more  burdensome  than  current  regulations,  hedging  transactions  in  the  future  would  become  more  expensive  than  we
experienced in the past.

Competitors that produce their own supply of feedstocks, have more extensive retail outlets, or have greater financial resources may have a

competitive advantage.

The refining and re-refining industries are highly competitive with respect to both feedstock supply and refined/re-refined product markets. We compete
with many companies for available supplies of feedstocks and for outlets for our products. We do not produce any of our feedstocks. Some of our competitors,
however, obtain a portion of their feedstocks from their own production and some have more extensive retail outlets than we have. Competitors that have their
own production or extensive retail outlets (and greater brand-name recognition) are at times able to offset losses from their operations with profits from producing
or retailing operations, and may be better positioned to withstand periods of depressed margins or feedstock shortages.

Some of our competitors also have materially greater financial and other resources than we have. Such competitors have a greater ability to bear the
economic risks inherent in all phases of our business. In addition, we compete with other industries that provide alternative means to satisfy the energy and fuel
requirements of our industrial, commercial and individual customers.

Risks Relating to Accounting and Internal Controls

We incur significant costs as a result of operating as a fully reporting company in connection with Section 404 of the Sarbanes Oxley Act, and

our management is required to devote substantial time to compliance initiatives.

We incur significant legal, accounting and other expenses in connection with our status as a fully reporting public company. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of
2002 (the “Sarbanes-Oxley Act”) and rules subsequently implemented by the SEC have imposed various requirements on public companies, including requiring
changes  in  corporate  governance  practices.  As  such,  our  management  and  other  personnel  are  required  to  devote  a  substantial  amount  of  time  to  these
compliance initiatives. Moreover, these rules and regulations increase our legal and financial compliance costs and make some activities more time consuming
and costly. In addition, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act requires, among other things, that we maintain effective internal controls for financial reporting and disclosure of
controls and procedures. Our testing may, and has in the past, revealed deficiencies in our internal controls over financial reporting that are deemed to be material
weaknesses. Our compliance with Section 404 requires that we incur substantial accounting expense and expend significant management efforts. Moreover, if we
are not able to comply with the requirements of Section 404 in a timely manner, or if we identify deficiencies in our internal controls over financial reporting that
are deemed to be material weaknesses, the market price of our stock could decline, and we could be subject to sanctions or investigations by the SEC or other
regulatory authorities, which would require additional financial and management resources.

Our ability to use our net operating loss carry-forwards may be subject to limitation.

Under Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, substantial changes in our ownership may limit the amount of net operating loss
carry-forwards that could be utilized annually in the future to offset our taxable income. Specifically, this limitation may arise in the event of a cumulative change in
ownership of our company of more than 50% within a three-year period. Any such annual limitation may significantly reduce the utilization of our net operating
loss carry-forwards before they expire. At December 31, 2018, the net operating loss carry-forwards reflect a reduction of approximately $32.5 million resulting
from a 382 study which was completed during 2016. Transactions that may occur in the future may trigger an ownership change pursuant to Section 382, and
prior transactions may be deemed to have triggered an ownership change pursuant to Section 382, the result of which could limit the amount of net operating
loss  carryforwards  that  we  can  utilize  annually  to  offset  our  taxable  income,  if  any.  Any  such  limitation  could  have  a  material  adverse  effect  on  our  results  of
operations.

Our inventory is subject to significant impairment charges in the event the prices of oil and gas fall sharply after such inventory is acquired.

We did not have an inventory impairment charge for the periods ended December 31, 2018 and 2017. In the event, commodity prices fall sharply during
any period requiring the Company to take a non-cash charge/adjustment to the value of our products in inventory taking into account the lower market value for
the products being held for sale. Similar significant impairment

28

EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

charges could negatively affect our balance sheet, result in us not meeting certain debt ratios set forth in our credit and loan agreements, and negatively affect
our cash flows. Future significant impairment charges and/or significant decreases in oil prices could have a material adverse effect on our balance sheet, debt
covenants (including creating an event of default) and could further cause the value of our securities to decline in value.

We may experience adverse impacts on our reported results of operations as a result of adopting new accounting standards or interpretations.

Our implementation of and compliance with changes in accounting rules, including new accounting rules and interpretations, could adversely affect our

reported financial position or operating results or cause unanticipated fluctuations in our reported operating results in future periods.

Risks Relating to Acquisitions

Our  strategy  includes  pursuing  acquisitions,  partnerships  and  joint  ventures  and  our  potential  inability  to  successfully  integrate  newly-

acquired companies or businesses, or successfully manage our partnerships and joint ventures may adversely affect our financial results.

In the future, we may seek to grow our business by investing in new or existing facilities or technologies, making acquisitions or entering into partnerships
and joint ventures. Acquisitions, partnerships, joint ventures or investments may require significant managerial attention, which may divert management from our
other activities and may impair the operation of our existing businesses. Any future acquisitions of businesses or facilities could entail a number of additional risks,
including:

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

the failure to successfully integrate the acquired businesses or facilities or new technology into our operations;

incurring significantly higher than anticipated capital expenditures and operating expenses;

disrupting our ongoing business;

dissipating our management resources;

failing to maintain uniform standards, controls and policies;

the inability to maintain key pre-acquisition business relationships;

loss of key personnel of the acquired business or facility;

exposure to unanticipated liabilities; and

the failure to realize efficiencies, synergies and cost savings.

We may also assume liabilities and environmental liabilities as part of acquisitions. Although we will endeavor to accurately estimate and limit liabilities
and  environmental  liabilities  presented  by  the  businesses  or  facilities  to  be  acquired,  some  liabilities,  including  ones  that  may  exist  only  because  of  the  past
operations  of  an  acquired  business  or  facility,  may  prove  to  be  more  difficult  or  costly  to  address  than  we  then  estimate.  It  is  also  possible  that  government
officials responsible for enforcing environmental laws may believe an environmental liability is more significant than we then estimate, or that we will fail to identify
or  fully  appreciate  an  existing  liability  before  we  become  legally  responsible  to  address  it.  We  may  have  no  recourse,  or  only  limited  recourse,  to  the  former
owners of such properties in the event such liabilities are present. As a result, if a liability were asserted against us based upon ownership of an acquired property,
we might be required to pay significant sums to settle it, which could adversely affect our financial results and cash flow.

The  consolidation  of  our  operations  with  the  operations  of  acquired  companies,  including  the  consolidation  of  systems,  procedures,  personnel  and
facilities,  the  relocation  of  staff,  and  the  achievement  of  anticipated  cost  savings,  economies  of  scale  and  other  business  efficiencies,  presents  significant
challenges to our management, particularly if several acquisitions occur at the same time. Fully integrating an acquired company or business into our operations
may take a significant amount of time. We may not be successful in overcoming these risks or any other problems encountered with acquisitions. To the extent
we do not successfully

29

EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

avoid  or  overcome  the  risks  or  problems  related  to  any  acquisitions,  our  results  of  operations  and  financial  condition  could  be  adversely  affected.  Future
acquisitions also could impact our financial position and capital needs, and could cause substantial fluctuations in our quarterly and yearly results of operations.
Acquisitions  could  include  significant  goodwill  and  intangible  assets,  which  may  result  in  future  impairment  charges  that  would  reduce  our  stated  earnings  or
increase our stated losses.

We may not successfully identify and complete acquisitions on favorable terms or achieve anticipated synergies relating to any acquisitions,

and such acquisitions could result in unforeseen operating difficulties and expenditures and require significant management resources.

We regularly review potential acquisitions of complementary businesses, services or products. However, we may be unable to identify suitable acquisition
candidates in the future. Even if we identify appropriate acquisition candidates, we may be unable to complete or finance such acquisitions on favorable terms, if
at all. In addition, the process of integrating an acquired business, service or product into our existing business and operations may result in unforeseen operating
difficulties  and  expenditures.  Integration  of  an  acquired  company  also  may  require  significant  management  resources  that  otherwise  would  be  available  for
ongoing development of our business. Moreover, we may not realize the anticipated benefits of any acquisition or strategic alliance and such transactions may
not  generate  anticipated  financial  results.  Future  acquisitions  could  also  require  us  to  incur  debt,  assume  contingent  liabilities  or  amortize  expenses  related  to
intangible assets, any of which could harm our business.

Our ability to make acquisitions may be adversely impacted by our outstanding indebtedness and by the price of our stock.

Our ability to make future business acquisitions, particularly those that would be financed solely or in part through cash from operations, may be curtailed
due to our obligations to make payments of principal and interest on our outstanding indebtedness. We may not have sufficient capital resources, now or in the
future, and may be unable to raise sufficient additional capital resources on terms satisfactory to us, if at all, in order to meet our capital requirements for such
acquisitions.  In  addition,  the  terms  of  our  indebtedness  include  covenants  that  directly  restrict,  or  have  the  effect  of  restricting,  our  ability  to  make  certain
acquisitions while this indebtedness remains outstanding. To the extent that the amount of our outstanding indebtedness has a negative impact on our stock price,
using our common stock as consideration will be less attractive for potential acquisition candidates. The future trading price of our common stock could limit our
willingness to use our equity as consideration and the willingness of sellers to accept our shares and as a result could limit the size and scope of our acquisition
program. If we are unable to pursue strategic acquisitions that would enhance our business or operations, the potential growth of our business and revenues may
be adversely affected.

Legal, Environmental, Governmental and Regulatory Risks

Currently  pending  or  future  litigation  or  governmental  proceedings  could  result  in  material  adverse  consequences,  including  judgments  or

settlements.

From time to time, we are involved in lawsuits, regulatory inquiries and may be involved in governmental and other legal proceedings arising out of the
ordinary course of our business. Many of these matters raise difficult and complicated factual and legal issues and are subject to uncertainties and complexities.
The timing of the final resolutions to these types of matters is often uncertain. Additionally, the possible outcomes or resolutions to these matters could include
adverse judgments or settlements, either of which could require substantial payments, adversely affecting our results of operations and liquidity.

Climate change may adversely affect our facilities and our ongoing operations.

The potential physical effects of climate change on our operations are highly uncertain and depend upon the unique geographic and environmental factors
present. Examples of such effects include rising sea levels at our coastal facilities, changing storm patterns and intensities, and changing temperature levels. As
many  of  our  facilities  are  located  near  coastal  areas,  rising  sea  levels  may  disrupt  our  ability  to  operate  those  facilities  or  transport  feedstock  and  products.
Extended  periods  of  such  disruption  could  have  an  adverse  effect  on  our  results  of  operation.  We  could  also  incur  substantial  costs  to  protect  or  repair  these
facilities.

We are subject to numerous environmental and other laws and regulations and, to the extent we are found to be in violation of any such laws

and regulations, our business could be materially and adversely affected.

We  are  subject  to  extensive  federal,  state,  provincial  and  local  laws  and  regulations  relating  to  the  protection  of  the  environment  which,  among  other

things:

30

EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

•

•

•

•

regulate the collection, transportation, handling, processing and disposal of hazardous and non-hazardous wastes;

impose liability on persons involved in generating, handling, processing, transporting or disposing hazardous materials;

impose joint and several liability for remediation and clean-up of environmental contamination; and

require financial assurance that funds will be available for the closure and post-closure care of sites where hazardous wastes are stored, processed or
disposed.

The breadth and complexity of all of these laws and regulations impacting us make consistent compliance extremely difficult and often result in increased
operating  and  compliance  costs,  including  requiring  the  implementation  of  new  programs  to  promote  compliance.  Even  with  these  programs,  we  and  other
companies in the industry are routinely faced with legal and administrative proceedings which can result in civil and criminal penalties, interruption of business
operations, fines or other sanctions and require expenditures.

Our operations involve the risks of fuel spillage or seepage, environmental damage and hazardous waste disposal, among others. If we are involved in a
spill or other accident involving hazardous substances, or if we are found to be in violation of applicable environmental laws or regulations, it could significantly
increase our cost of doing business.

Additionally, under current law, we may be held liable for damage caused by conditions that existed before we acquired our assets and/or before we took
control of our leased properties or if we arranged for the transportation, disposal or treatment of hazardous substances that cause environmental contamination.
In the future, we may be subject to monetary fines, civil or criminal penalties, remediation, clean-up or stop orders, injunctions, orders to cease or suspend certain
practices or denial of permits required to operate our facilities and conduct our operations. The outcome of any proceeding and associated costs and expenses
could have a material adverse impact on our operations and financial condition.

Our trucking operations are subject to a number of federal, state and local rules and regulations generally governing such activities as authorization to
engage in motor carrier operations, safety compliance and reporting, contract compliance, insurance requirements, taxation and financial reporting. We could be
subject  to  new  or  more  restrictive  regulations,  such  as  regulations  relating  to  engine  emissions,  drivers’  hours  of  service,  occupational  safety  and  health,
ergonomics or cargo security. Compliance with such regulations could substantially reduce equipment productivity, and the costs of compliance could increase
our operating expenses.

Environmental laws also govern the presence, maintenance and removal of asbestos-containing building materials, or ACBMs, and may impose fines and
penalties  for  failure  to  comply  with  these  requirements.  Such  laws  require  that  owners  or  operators  of  buildings  containing  ACBM  (and  employers  in  such
buildings)  properly  manage  and  maintain  the  asbestos,  adequately  notify  or  train  those  who  may  come  into  contact  with  asbestos,  and  undertake  special
precautions, including removal or other abatement, if asbestos would be disturbed during renovation or demolition of a building or plant. In addition, the presence
of ACBM in our properties or plants may expose us to third-party liability (e.g., liability for personal injury associated with exposure to asbestos).

Environmental laws and regulations are subject to change and may become increasingly stringent or relaxed. Interpretation or enforcement of existing
laws  and  regulations,  or  the  adoption  of  new  laws  and  regulations,  may  require  us  to  modify  or  curtail  our  operations  or  replace  or  upgrade  our  facilities  or
equipment at substantial costs which we may not be able to pass on to our customers. On the other hand, if new laws and regulations are less stringent, then our
customers  or  competitors  may  be  able  to  compete  with  us  more  effectively,  without  reliance  on  our  services,  which  could  decrease  the  need  for  our  services
and/or increase competition which could adversely affect our revenues and profitability, if any.

We are required to obtain and maintain permits, licenses and approvals to conduct our operations in compliance with such laws and regulations. If we are
unable to maintain our currently held permits, licenses and approvals, we may not be able to continue certain of our operations. If we are unable to obtain any
additional permits, licenses and approvals which may be required as we expand our operations, we may be forced to curtail or abandon our current and/or future
planned business operations.

In addition, mandatory fuel standards have been adopted in many jurisdictions which can be costly to implement and maintain compliance. For example,
the International Maritime Organization has set January 1, 2020 as the implementation date for ships to comply with new low sulfur fuel oil requirements (“IMO
2020”). Shipping companies may comply with this requirement by either using fuel with low sulfur content, which is more expensive than standard marine fuel, or
by upgrading vessels to provide

31

EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

cleaner exhaust emissions, such as by installing “scrubbers” or retrofitting vessels to be powered by liquefied natural gas (“LNG”). The cost of compliance with
these  regulatory  changes  may  be  significant  for  shipping  companies  and  it  is  uncertain  how  the  availability  and  price  of  fuel  globally  will  be  affected  by  the
implementation of the IMO 2020 regulations as refineries adjust their capacity to increase production of compliant fuels. These and future changes to applicable
standards  or  other  more  stringent  requirements  in  the  industries  we  serve  could  reduce  our  ability  to  procure  feedstocks,  reduce  our  margins,  increase  our
operational  expenses,  increase  fuel  prices,  require  us  to  incur  additional  handling  costs  and/or  require  the  expenditure  of  capital.  To  the  extent  these
expenditures, as with all costs, are not ultimately reflected in the prices of our products or we are unable to adequately source compliant fuels, our business and
result of operations would be adversely affected. Furthermore, IMO 2020 and/or other regulations may decrease demand for our products or force us to change
the mix of products we offer.

Environmental risks and regulations may adversely affect our business.

All  phases  of  designing,  constructing  and  operating  our  refining  and  re-refining  plants  present  environmental  risks  and  hazards.  We  are  subject  to
environmental regulation implemented or imposed by a variety of federal, state and municipal laws and regulations as well as international conventions. Among
other things, environmental legislation provides for restrictions and prohibitions on spills and discharges, as well as emissions of various substances produced in
association with our operations. Legislation also requires that facility sites be operated, maintained, abandoned and reclaimed in such a way that would satisfy
applicable regulatory authorities. Compliance with such legislation can require significant expenditures and a breach could result in the imposition of fines and
penalties, some of which could be material. Environmental legislation is evolving in a manner we expect may result in stricter standards and enforcement, larger
fines and liability, as well as potentially increased capital expenditures and operating costs. The presence or discharge of pollutants in or into the air, soil or water
may give rise to liabilities to governments and third parties and may require us to incur costs to remedy such presence or discharge.

Environmental,  health  and  safety  laws,  regulations  and  permit  requirements,  and  the  potential  for  further  expanded  laws,  regulations  and  permit
requirements  may  increase  our  costs  or  reduce  demand  for  our  products  and  thereby  negatively  affect  our  business.  Environmental  permits  required  for  our
operations  are  subject  to  periodic  renewal  and  may  be  revoked  or  modified  for  cause  or  when  new  or  revised  environmental  requirements  are  implemented.
Changing  and  increasingly  strict  environmental  requirements  and  the  potential  for  further  expanded  regulation  may  increase  our  costs  and  can  affect  the
manufacturing, handling, processing, distribution and use of our products. If so affected, our business and operations may be materially and adversely affected. In
addition,  changes  in  these  requirements  may  cause  us  to  incur  substantial  costs  in  upgrading  or  redesigning  our  facilities  and  processes,  including  our  waste
treatment,  storage,  disposal  and  other  waste  handling  practices  and  equipment.  For  these  reasons,  we  may  need  to  make  capital  expenditures  beyond  those
currently  anticipated  to  comply  with  existing  or  future  environmental  or  safety  laws.  The  application  of  environmental,  health  and  safety  laws,  regulations  and
permit requirements to our business may cause us to limit our production, significantly increase the costs of our operations and activities, reduce the market for
our products or to otherwise adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations or prospects.

Climate change legislation or regulations restricting emissions of greenhouse gases could result in increased operating and capital costs and

reduced demand for our products.

There is a growing belief that emissions of greenhouse gases, or GHGs, such as carbon dioxide and methane, may be linked to climate change. Climate
change  and  the  costs  that  may  be  associated  with  its  impacts  and  the  regulation  of  GHGs  have  the  potential  to  affect  our  business  in  many  ways,  including
negatively impacting the costs of our operations, transportation costs, feedstock costs and demand for our products (due to changes in both costs and weather
patterns).

In recent years, the U.S. Congress has from time to time considered adopting legislation to reduce emissions of GHGs and almost one-half of the states
have already taken legal measures to reduce emissions of GHGs primarily through the planned development of GHG emission inventories and/or regional GHG
cap and trade programs. Most of these cap and trade programs work by requiring major sources of emissions, such as electric power plants, or major producers
of  fuels,  such  as  refineries  and  gas  processing  plants,  to  acquire  and  surrender  emission  allowances.  The  number  of  allowances  available  for  purchase  is
generally reduced each year in an effort to achieve the overall GHG emission reduction goal.

Depending  on  the  scope  of  a  particular  program,  we  could  be  required  to  purchase  and  surrender  allowances  for  GHG  emissions  resulting  from  our
operations. Although most of the state-level initiatives have to date been focused on large sources of GHG emissions, such as electric power plants, it is possible
that  smaller  sources  such  as  our  operations  could  become  subject  to  GHG-related  regulation.  Depending  on  the  particular  program,  we  could  be  required  to
control  emissions  or  to  purchase  and  surrender  allowances  for  GHG  emissions  resulting  from  our  operations.  Independent  of  Congress,  the  Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA) has adopted regulations controlling GHG emissions under its existing Clean Air Act authority. For example, on December 15, 2009, the
EPA officially published its findings that emissions of carbon dioxide, methane and other GHGs present

32

EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

an  endangerment  to  human  health  and  the  environment  because  emissions  of  such  gases  are,  according  to  the  EPA,  contributing  to  warming  of  the  earth’s
atmosphere and other climatic changes. These findings by the EPA allow the agency to proceed with the adoption and implementation of regulations that would
restrict  emissions  of  greenhouse  gases  under  existing  provisions  of  the  federal  Clean  Air  Act.  In  2009,  the  EPA  adopted  rules  regarding  regulation  of  GHG
emissions from motor vehicles. In 2010, EPA also issued a final rule, known as the “Tailoring Rule,” that makes certain large stationary sources and modification
projects subject to permitting requirements for greenhouse gas emissions under the Clean Air Act. In addition, on September 22, 2009, the EPA issued a final rule
requiring the reporting of greenhouse gas emissions from specified large greenhouse gas emission sources in the U.S. beginning in 2011 for emissions occurring
in  2010.  None  of  our  facilities  currently  generate  enough  greenhouse  gasses  to  be  subject  to  this  reporting  requirement  under  this  rule,  but  we  could  become
subject to such reporting requirements in the future.

Although it is not possible at this time to accurately estimate how potential future laws or regulations addressing greenhouse gas emissions would impact
our  business,  any  future  federal  laws  or  implementation  of  regulations  that  may  be  adopted  to  address  greenhouse  gas  emissions  could  require  us  to  incur
increased operating costs and could adversely affect demand for our feedstocks and resulting products, and/or increase our transportation costs. The potential
increase in the costs of our operations resulting from any legislation or regulation to restrict emissions of greenhouse gases could include new or increased costs
to operate and maintain our facilities, install new emission controls on our facilities, acquire allowances to authorize our greenhouse gas emissions, pay any taxes
related to our greenhouse gas emissions and administer and manage a greenhouse gas emissions program. While we may be able to include some or all of such
increased  costs  in  the  rates  charged  for  our  products,  such  recovery  of  costs  is  uncertain.  Moreover,  incentives  to  conserve  energy  or  use  alternative  energy
sources could reduce demand for our products and/or lower the supply of our feedstocks. We cannot predict with any certainty at this time how these possibilities
may affect our operations. Many scientists have concluded that increasing concentrations of GHGs in the Earth’s atmosphere may produce climate change that
could have significant physical effects, such as increased frequency and severity of storms, droughts, and floods and other climatic events; if such effects were to
occur, they could have an adverse effect on our operations.

The adoption of regulations implementing recent financial reform legislation could impede our ability to manage business and financial risks

by restricting our use of derivative instruments as hedges against fluctuating commodity prices.

The  U.S.  Congress  adopted  the  Dodd-Frank  Wall  Street  Reform  and  Consumer  Protection  Act  in  2010  (the  “ Dodd-Frank  Act”).  This  comprehensive
financial reform legislation establishes federal oversight and regulation of the over-the-counter derivatives market and entities that participate in that market. The
Dodd-Frank Act requires the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (“CFTC”), the SEC and other regulators to promulgate rules and regulations implementing
the new legislation. The CFTC has adopted regulations to set position limits for certain futures and option contracts in the major energy markets and for swaps
that are their economic equivalents. Certain bona fide hedging transactions or derivative instruments would be exempt from these position limits. The Dodd-Frank
Act  may  also  require  compliance  with  margin  requirements  and  with  certain  clearing  and  trade-execution  requirements  in  connection  with  certain  derivative
activities. The final rules will be phased in over time according to a specified schedule which is dependent on finalization of certain other rules to be promulgated
by the CFTC and the SEC.

The  Dodd-Frank  Act  and  any  new  regulations  could  significantly  increase  the  cost  of  some  commodity  derivative  contracts  (including  through
requirements to post collateral), materially alter the terms of some commodity derivative contracts and reduce the availability of some derivatives to protect against
risks we encounter. While we are not currently party to any commodity derivative contracts, we may enter into such contracts in the future and the Dodd-Frank
Act and any new regulations may have the effect of making our results of operations more volatile and our cash flows may be less predictable, if we are unable to
enter into commodity derivative contracts or similar hedging transactions in the future. Finally, the Dodd- Frank Act was intended, in part, to reduce the volatility of
oil and natural gas prices, which some legislators attributed to speculative trading in derivatives and commodity instruments related to oil and natural gas. If the
Dodd-Frank  Act  and  any  new  regulations  result  in  lower  commodity  prices,  our  revenues  could  be  adversely  affected.  Any  of  these  consequences  could
adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We could be subject to involuntary shutdowns or be required to pay significant monetary damages or remediation costs if we are found to be

a responsible party for the improper handling or the release of hazardous substances.

As a company engaged in the sale, handling, transportation, storage, recycling and disposal of materials that are or may be classified as hazardous by
federal,  state,  provincial  or  other  regulatory  agencies,  we  face  risks  of  liability  for  environmental  contamination.  The  federal  Comprehensive  Environmental
Response, Compensation and Liability Act of 1980, as amended, or “CERCLA” or Superfund, and similar state laws impose strict liability for clean-up costs on
current or former owners and operators of facilities that release hazardous substances into the environment, as well as on the businesses that generate those
substances or transport them. As a potentially responsible party, or “PRP,” we may be liable under CERCLA for substantial investigation and

33

EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

cleanup costs even if we operate our business properly and comply with applicable federal and state laws and regulations. Liability under CERCLA may be joint
and several, which means that if we were found to be a business with responsibility for a particular CERCLA site, we could be required to pay the entire cost of
the investigation and cleanup, even though we were not the party responsible for the release of the hazardous substance and even though other companies might
also be liable. Even if we are able to identify who the other responsible parties might be, we may not be able to compel them to contribute to the remediation
costs, or they might be insolvent or unable to contribute due to lack of financial resources.

Our facilities and the facilities of our clients and third-party contractors may have generated, used, handled and/or disposed of hazardous substances and
other  regulated  wastes.  Environmental  liabilities  could  exist,  including  cleanup  obligations  at  these  facilities  or  at  off-site  locations,  which  could  result  in  future
expenditures that cannot be currently quantified and which could materially reduce our profits. In addition, new services or products offered by us could expose us
to further environmental liabilities for which we have no historical experience and cannot estimate our potential exposure to liabilities.

Our operations are subject to numerous statutory and regulatory requirements, which may increase in the future.

Our operations are subject to numerous statutory and regulatory requirements, and our ability to continue to hold licenses and permits required for our
businesses is subject to maintaining satisfactory compliance with such requirements. These requirements may increase in the future as a result of statutory and
regulatory changes. Although we are very committed to compliance and safety, we may not, either now or in the future, be in full compliance at all times with
such  statutory  and  regulatory  requirements.  Consequently,  we  could  be  required  to  incur  significant  costs  to  maintain  or  improve  our  compliance  with  such
requirements.

We  may  also  assume  additional  environmental  liabilities  as  part  of  further  acquisitions.  Although  we  will  endeavor  to  accurately  estimate  and  limit
environmental liabilities presented by the businesses or facilities to be acquired, some liabilities, including ones that may exist only because of the past operations
of  an  acquired  business  or  facility,  may  prove  to  be  more  difficult  or  costly  to  address  than  we  then  estimate.  It  is  also  possible  that  government  officials
responsible for enforcing environmental laws may believe an environmental liability is more significant than we then estimate, or that we will fail to identify or fully
appreciate an existing liability before we become legally responsible to address it.

We may be subject in the normal course of business to judicial, administrative or other third-party proceedings that could interrupt or limit our

operations, require expensive remediation, result in adverse judgments, settlements or fines and create negative publicity.

Governmental  agencies  may,  among  other  things,  impose  fines  or  penalties  on  us  relating  to  the  conduct  of  our  business,  attempt  to  revoke  or  deny
renewal  of  our  operating  permits,  franchises  or  licenses  for  violations  or  alleged  violations  of  environmental  laws  or  regulations  or  as  a  result  of  third-party
challenges, require us to install additional pollution control equipment or require us to remediate potential environmental problems relating to any real property that
we or our predecessors ever owned, leased or operated or any waste that we or our predecessors ever collected, transported, disposed of or stored. Individuals,
citizens groups, trade associations or environmental activists may also bring actions against us in connection with our operations that could interrupt or limit the
scope  of  our  business.  Any  adverse  outcome  in  such  proceedings  could  harm  our  operations  and  financial  results  and  create  negative  publicity,  which  could
damage our reputation, competitive position and stock price. We may also be required to take corrective actions, including, but not limited to, installing additional
equipment,  which  could  require  us  to  make  substantial  capital  expenditures.  We  could  also  be  required  to  indemnify  our  employees  in  connection  with  any
expenses  or  liabilities  that  they  may  incur  individually  in  connection  with  regulatory  action  against  us.  These  could  result  in  a  material  adverse  effect  on  our
prospects, business, financial condition and our results of operations.

The  adoption  of  climate  change  legislation  or  regulation  could  result  in  increased  operating  costs  and  reduced  demand  for  the  refined

products we produce.

The  U.S.  government,  including  the  EPA,  as  well  as  several  state  and  international  governments,  have  either  considered  or  adopted  legislation  or
regulations in an effort to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. These proposed or promulgated laws apply or could apply in states where we have interests
or may have interests in the future. In addition, various groups suggest that additional laws may be needed in an effort to address climate change. We cannot
predict  the  extent  to  which  any  such  legislation  or  regulation  will  be  enacted  and,  if  so,  what  its  provisions  would  be.  To  the  extent  we  incur  additional  costs
required to comply with the adoption of new laws and regulations that are not ultimately reflected in the prices of our products and services, our business, financial
condition, results of operations and cash flows in future periods could be materially adversely affected. In addition, demand for the products we produce could be
adversely affected.

34

EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

Risks Related to Our Recovery Segment

Recovery segment customers may cancel or delay projects.

Recovery segment customers may cancel or delay projects for reasons beyond our control. If projects are delayed, the timing of our revenues could be
affected. Revenue recognition occurs over long periods of time and is subject to unanticipated delays. If we receive relatively large orders in any given quarter,
fluctuations  in  the  levels  of  our  quarterly  backlog  can  result  because  the  backlog  in  that  quarter  may  reach  levels  that  may  not  be  sustained  in  subsequent
quarters. As a result, our backlog may not be indicative of our future revenues.

Risks Related to Our Common Carrier Operations

We face competition from other common carriers and transportation providers.

Crossroad is a common carrier that provides transportation and logistical services for liquid petroleum products, as well as other hazardous materials and
waste streams. We face competition from trucking companies, railroads, motor carriers and, to a lesser extent, ships and barges. In addition to price competition,
we face competition with respect to transit times and quality and reliability of service. Any future improvements or expenditures materially increasing the quality or
reducing the cost of alternative modes of transportation, and/or increased competition from competitors, including competitors with more resources than us, could
have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition, and liquidity. Additionally, any future consolidation of the trucking industry could
materially affect the competitive environment in which we operate.

Risks Related to Our Prior Offering Terms

We face significant penalties and damages in the event registration statements we filed to register certain securities sold in our prior offerings

are subsequently suspended or terminated.

We previously registered the shares of common stock issuable upon conversion of the Series B Preferred Stock, Series B1 Preferred Stock and upon
exercise of the warrants sold in connection therewith under the Securities Act, for resale. The agreements pursuant to which we sold such securities, provide for
liquidated  damages  upon  the  occurrence  of  certain  events.  The  amount  of  the  liquidated  damages  is  1.0%  of  the  aggregate  subscription  amount  paid  by  an
investor for the units (i.e., Series B Preferred Stock and warrants and/or Series B1 Preferred Stock and warrants) affected by the event that are still held by the
investor upon the occurrence of the event, due on the date immediately following the event that caused such failure (or the 30th day following such event if the
event relates to the suspension of the registration statement), and each 30 days thereafter, with such payments to be prorated on a daily basis during each 30
day period, subject to a maximum of an aggregate of 6% per year (per transaction). If we fail to pay any liquidated damages in full within seven days after the
date payable, we are required to pay interest thereon at a rate of 12% per annum until paid in full. In the event the registration statement, which has previously
been declared effective within the timeframe required by the purchase agreement, is subsequently suspended or terminated, or we otherwise fail to meet certain
requirements set forth in the purchase agreements, we could be required to pay significant penalties which could adversely affect our cash flow and cause the
value of our securities to decline in value.

General Risks

RISKS RELATED TO OUR SECURITIES

Our Chief Executive Officer, Benjamin P. Cowart, has significant voting control over us, including the appointment of Directors and may have
interests that differ from other shareholders. Mr. Cowart, as a significant shareholder, may, therefore, take actions that are not in the interest of other
shareholders.

Benjamin P. Cowart, our Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer, beneficially owns approximately 18.1% of our common stock (not including
shares issuable upon exercise of options and warrants held by Mr. Cowart) and 14.7% of our total voting stock, and as such, Mr. Cowart exercises significant
control  in  determining  the  outcome  of  corporate  transactions  or  other  matters,  including  the  election  of  directors,  mergers,  consolidations,  the  sale  of  all  or
substantially all of our assets, and also the power to prevent or cause a change in control. The interests of Mr. Cowart may differ from the interests of the other
stockholders and thus result in corporate decisions that are adverse to other shareholders. Should conflicts of interest arise, Mr. Cowart may not act in the best
interests of our other shareholders and conflicts of interest may not be resolved in a manner favorable to our other shareholders.

35

EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

Securities analysts may not cover our common stock and this may have a negative impact on our common stock’s market price.

The trading market for our common stock will depend, in part, on the research and reports that securities or industry analysts publish about us or our
business. We do not have any control over these analysts. We currently have limited research coverage by securities and industry analysts. If one or more of the
analysts who covers us downgrades our common stock, changes their opinion of our shares or publishes inaccurate or unfavorable research about our business,
our stock price would likely decline. If one or more of these analysts ceases coverage of us or fails to publish reports on us regularly, demand for our common
stock could decrease and we could lose visibility in the financial markets, which could cause our stock price and trading volume to decline.

Shareholders  may  be  diluted  significantly  through  our  efforts  to  obtain  financing  and  satisfy  obligations  through  the  issuance  of  additional

securities.

Wherever possible, our Board of Directors will attempt to use non-cash consideration to satisfy obligations. In many instances, we believe that the non-
cash  consideration  will  consist  of  restricted  shares  of  our  common  stock,  preferred  stock  or  warrants  to  purchase  shares  of  our  common  stock.  Our  Board  of
Directors has authority, without action or vote of the shareholders, but subject to NASDAQ rules and regulations (which generally require shareholder approval for
any transactions which would result in the issuance of more than 20% of our then outstanding shares of common stock or voting rights representing over 20% of
our then outstanding shares of stock), to issue all or part of the authorized but unissued shares of common stock, preferred stock or warrants to purchase such
shares of common stock. In addition, we may attempt to raise capital by selling shares of our common stock, possibly at a discount to market in the future. These
actions will result in dilution of the ownership interests of existing shareholders, may further dilute common stock book value, and that dilution may be material.
Such  issuances  may  also  serve  to  enhance  existing  management’s  ability  to  maintain  control  of  us,  because  the  shares  may  be  issued  to  parties  or  entities
committed to supporting existing management.

We currently have a sporadic and volatile market for our common stock, and the market for our common stock is and may remain sporadic

and volatile in the future.

We currently have a sporadic and volatile market for our common stock, which market is anticipated to remain sporadic and volatile in the future, and will

likely be subject to wide fluctuations in response to several factors, including, but not limited to:

•

•

•

•

•

actual or anticipated variations in our results of operations;

our ability or inability to generate revenues;

the number of shares in our public float;

increased competition; and

conditions and trends in the market for oil refining and re-refining services, transportation services and oil feedstock.

Our common stock is currently listed on the NASDAQ Capital Market. Our stock price may be impacted by factors that are unrelated or disproportionate to
our  operating  performance.  These  market  fluctuations,  as  well  as  general  economic,  political  and  market  conditions,  such  as  recessions,  interest  rates  or
international currency fluctuations may adversely affect the market price of our common stock. Shareholders and potential investors in our common stock should
exercise caution before making an investment in us, and should not rely solely on the publicly quoted or traded stock prices in determining our common stock
value,  but  should  instead  determine  the  value  of  our  common  stock  based  on  the  information  contained  in  our  public  reports,  industry  information,  and  those
business valuation methods commonly used to value private companies.

Additionally,  the  market  price  of  our  common  stock  historically  has  fluctuated  significantly  based  on,  but  not  limited  to,  such  factors  as  general  stock
market trends, announcements of developments related to our business, actual or anticipated variations in our operating results, our ability or inability to generate
new revenues, and conditions and trends in the industries in which our customers are engaged.

In recent years, the stock market in general has experienced extreme price fluctuations that have oftentimes been unrelated to the operating performance

of the affected companies. Similarly, the market price of our common stock may fluctuate significantly

36

EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

based  upon  factors  unrelated  or  disproportionate  to  our  operating  performance.  These  market  fluctuations,  as  well  as  general  economic,  political  and  market
conditions, such as recessions, interest rates or international currency fluctuations may adversely affect the market price of our common stock.

We do not intend to pay cash dividends on our common stock in the foreseeable future, and therefore only appreciation of the price of our

common stock will provide a return to our stockholders.

We currently anticipate that we will retain all future earnings, if any, to finance the growth and development of our business. We do not intend to pay cash
dividends  in  the  foreseeable  future.  Any  payment  of  cash  dividends  will  depend  upon  our  financial  condition,  capital  requirements,  earnings  and  other  factors
deemed  relevant  by  our  Board  of  Directors.  As  a  result,  only  appreciation  of  the  price  of  our  common  stock,  which  may  not  occur,  will  provide  a  return  to  our
stockholders.

There may be future sales and issuances of our common stock, which could adversely affect the market price of our common stock and dilute

shareholders ownership of common stock.

The  exercise  of  any  options  granted  to  executive  officers,  directors  and  other  employees  under  our  equity  compensation  plans,  the  exercise  of
outstanding warrants, the conversion of outstanding convertible securities and other issuances of our common stock in the future could have an adverse effect on
the  market  price  of  the  shares  of  our  common  stock.  We  are  not  restricted  from  issuing  additional  shares  of  common  stock,  including  any  securities  that  are
convertible  into  or  exchangeable  for,  or  that  represent  the  right  to  receive  shares  of  common  stock,  provided  that  we  are  subject  to  the  requirements  of  the
Nasdaq  Capital  Market  (which  generally  require  shareholder  approval  for  any  transactions  which  would  result  in  the  issuance  of  more  than  20%  of  our  then
outstanding shares of common stock or voting rights representing over 20% of our then outstanding shares of stock), subject to certain exceptions. Sales of a
substantial number of shares of our common stock in the public market or the perception that such sales might occur could materially adversely affect the market
price of the shares of our common stock. Because our decision to issue securities in any future offering or transaction will depend on market conditions and other
factors beyond our control, we cannot predict or estimate the amount, timing or nature of our future offerings or issuances. Additionally, the sale of a significant
portion of our common stock may cause the value of our common stock to decline in value.

Our outstanding options, warrants and convertible securities may adversely affect the trading price of our common stock.

As  of  the  date  of  this  filing,  we  have  (i)  3,460,750  outstanding  stock  options  at  a  weighted  average  exercise  price  of  $2.05  per  share;  (ii)  7,353,056
outstanding warrants to purchase 7,353,056 shares of common stock at a weighted average exercise price of $2.45 per share; (iii) 419,859 shares of common
stock issuable upon the conversion of our 419,859 outstanding shares of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock (which convert on a one-for-one basis (subject to
adjustments  for  stock  splits  and  recapitalizations)  into  common  stock);  (iv)  3,658,905  shares  of  common  stock  issuable  upon  conversion  of  our  3,658,905
outstanding shares of Series B Preferred Stock (which convert on a one-for-one basis (subject to adjustments for stock splits and recapitalizations) into common
stock); and (v) 10,208,469 shares of common stock issuable upon conversion of our 10,208,469 outstanding shares of Series B1 Preferred Stock (which convert
on  a  one-for-one  basis  (subject  to  adjustments  for  stock  splits  and  recapitalizations)  into  common  stock).  For  the  life  of  the  options  and  warrants,  the  holders
have  the  opportunity  to  profit  from  a  rise  in  the  market  price  of  our  common  stock  without  assuming  the  risk  of  ownership.  The  issuance  of  shares  upon  the
exercise of outstanding securities will also dilute the ownership interests of our existing stockholders.

The availability of these shares for public resale, as well as any actual resales of these shares, could adversely affect the trading price of our common
stock. We cannot predict the size of future issuances of our common stock pursuant to the exercise of outstanding options or warrants or conversion of other
securities,  or  the  effect,  if  any,  that  future  issuances  and  sales  of  shares  of  our  common  stock  may  have  on  the  market  price  of  our  common  stock.  Sales  or
distributions  of  substantial  amounts  of  our  common  stock  (including  shares  issued  in  connection  with  an  acquisition),  or  the  perception  that  such  sales  could
occur, may cause the market price of our common stock to decline.

In addition, the common stock issuable upon exercise/conversion of outstanding convertible securities may represent overhang that may also adversely
affect the market price of our common stock. Overhang occurs when there is a greater supply of a company’s stock in the market than there is demand for that
stock. When this happens the price of the company’s stock will decrease, and any additional shares which shareholders attempt to sell in the market will only
further decrease the share price. If the share volume of our common stock cannot absorb shares sold by holders of our outstanding convertible securities, then
the value of our common stock will likely decrease.

Risks Relating to our Preferred Stock

37

EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

 
 
We have established preferred stock which can be designated by the Board of Directors without shareholder approval and have established
Series  A  Preferred  Stock,  Series  B  Preferred  Stock  and  Series  B1  Preferred  Stock,  which  give  the  holders  thereof  a  liquidation  preference  and  the
ability to convert such shares into our common stock.

We have 50 million shares of preferred stock authorized, which includes 5 million shares of designated Series A Preferred Stock of which approximately
0.5 million shares are issued and outstanding, 10 million designated shares of Series B Preferred Stock, of which 3.6 million shares are issued and outstanding,
and 17 million designated shares of Series B1 Preferred Stock, of which 10.2 million shares are issued. The Series A Preferred Stock has a liquidation preference
of  $1.49  per  share.  The  Series  B  Preferred  Stock  and  Series  B1  Preferred  stock  have  a  liquidation  preference  of  $3.10  per  share  and  $1.56  per  share,
respectively, payable only after the liquidation preference on the Series A Preferred Stock are satisfied. As a result, if we were to dissolve, liquidate or sell our
assets,  the  holders  of  our  Series  A  Preferred  Stock  would  have  the  right  to  receive  up  to  the  first  approximately  $0.6  million  in  proceeds  from  any  such
transaction,  holders  of  our  Series  B  Preferred  Stock  and  Series  B1  Preferred  Stock  would  have  the  right  to  receive  up  to  approximately  $27.2  million  of  the
remaining  proceeds  from  any  such  transaction.  The  payment  of  the  liquidation  preferences  could  result  in  common  stock  shareholders  not  receiving  any
consideration if we were to liquidate, dissolve or wind up, either voluntarily or involuntarily. Additionally, the existence of the liquidation preferences may reduce
the value of our common stock, make it harder for us to sell shares of common stock in offerings in the future, or prevent or delay a change of control. Because
our Board of Directors is entitled to designate the powers and preferences of the preferred stock without a vote of our shareholders, subject to NASDAQ rules and
regulations, our shareholders will have no control over what designations and preferences our future preferred stock, if any, will have.

In addition to the above, we are required to redeem any non-converted shares of (a) Series B Preferred Stock, which remain outstanding on June 24,
2020,  at  the  rate  of  $3.10  per  share  (or  $11.3  million  in  aggregate  as  of  the  date  of  this  filing);  and  (b)  Series  B1  Preferred  Stock,  which  remain  outstanding
on June 24, 2020, at the rate of $1.56 per share (or $15.9 million in aggregate as of the date of this filing), subject to the terms of our senior loan documents,
which funds we may not have, or which may not be available on favorable terms, if at all.

The  issuance  of  common  stock  upon  conversion  of  the  Series  B  Preferred  Stock  and  Series  B1  Preferred  Stock  will  cause  immediate  and

substantial dilution to existing shareholders.

The Series B Preferred Stock (including accrued and unpaid dividends) is convertible into shares of the Company’s common stock at any time at $3.10
per  share  (initially  a  one-for-one  basis).  If  the  Company’s  common  stock  trades  at  or  above  $6.20  per  share  for  a  period  of  20  consecutive  trading  days,  the
Company may at such time force conversion of the Series B Preferred Stock (including accrued and unpaid dividends) into common stock of the Company. The
Series B1 Preferred Stock (including accrued and unpaid dividends) is convertible into shares of the Company’s common stock at the holder’s option at any time
after closing at $1.56 per share (initially a one-for-one basis). If the Company’s common stock trades at or above $3.90 per share for a period of 20 consecutive
trading  days  at  any  time,  the  Company  may  at  such  time  force  conversion  of  the  Series  B1  Preferred  Stock  (including  accrued  and  unpaid  dividends)  into
common stock of the Company.

The issuance of common stock upon conversion of the Series B Preferred Stock, and Series B1 Preferred Stock will result in immediate and substantial
dilution to the interests of other stockholders since the holders of the Series B Preferred Stock and Series B1 Preferred Stock may ultimately receive and sell the
full amount of shares issuable in connection with the conversion of such Series B Preferred Stock and Series B1 Preferred Stock. Although the Series B Preferred
Stock, and Series B1 Preferred Stock may not be converted by the holders thereof if such conversion would cause such holder to own more than 9.999% of our
outstanding common stock (4.999% in the case of certain holders), these restrictions do not prevent such holders from converting some of their holdings, selling
those shares, and then converting the rest of their holdings, while still staying below the 9.999%/4.999% limit. In this way, the holders of the Series B Preferred
Stock and Series B1 Preferred Stock could sell more than these limits while never actually holding more shares than the limits allow. If the holders of the Series
B Preferred Stock or Series B1 Preferred Stock choose to do this, it will cause substantial dilution to the then holders of our common stock.

38

EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

 
 
Our outstanding Series B Preferred Stock and Series B1 Preferred Stock accrue a cash dividend.

Our  Series  B  Preferred  Stock  accrues  a  dividend,  payable  quarterly  in  arrears  (based  on  calendar  quarters),  in  the  amount  of  6%  per  annum  of  the
original issuance price of the Series B Preferred Stock ($3.10 per share or $11.3 million in aggregate as of the date of this report). The dividend is payable by the
Company, at the Company’s election, in registered common stock of the Company (if available) or cash, provided that any cash dividend payment is subject to us
previously  having  repaid  all  amounts  owed  to  our  senior  lender.  In  the  event  dividends  are  paid  in  registered  common  stock  of  the  Company,  the  number  of
shares payable will be calculated by dividing (a) the accrued dividend by (b) 90% of the arithmetic average of the volume weighted average price (VWAP) of the
Company’s  common  stock  for  the  10  trading  days  immediately  prior  to  the  applicable  date  of  determination  (the  “June  2015  Dividend  Stock  Payment  Price ”).
Notwithstanding the foregoing, in no event may the Company pay dividends in common stock unless the applicable June 2015 Dividend Stock Payment Price is
above $2.91. If the Company is prohibited from paying, or chooses not to pay the dividend in cash or is unable to pay the dividend in registered common stock,
the dividend will be paid in-kind in Series B Preferred Stock shares at $3.10 per share.

The  Series  B1  Preferred  Stock  accrues  a  dividend,  payable  quarterly  in  arrears  (based  on  calendar  quarters),  in  the  amount  of  6%  per  annum  of  the
original  issuance  price  of  the  Series  B1  Preferred  Stock  ($1.56  per  share  or  $15.9  million  in  aggregate),  provided  that  such  dividend  was  to  increase  to  9%  if
certain  Consolidated  Adjusted  EBITDA  targets  were  not  met  during various  periods  between  2017-2018.  The  dividend  is  payable  by  the  Company,  at  the
Company’s  election,  in  registered  common  stock  of  the  Company  (if  available)  or  cash.  In  the  event  dividends  are  paid  in  registered  common  stock  of  the
Company, the number of shares payable will be calculated by dividing (a) the accrued dividend by (b) 90% of the VWAP of the Company’s common stock for the
10 trading days immediately prior to the applicable date of determination (the “May 2016 Dividend Stock Payment Price ”). Notwithstanding the foregoing, in no
event  may  the  Company  pay  dividends  in  common  stock  unless  the  applicable  May  2016  Dividend  Stock  Payment  Price  is  above  $1.52.  If  the  Company  is
prohibited from paying, or chooses not to pay, the dividend in cash or is unable to pay the dividend in registered common stock, the dividend will be paid in-kind
in Series B1 Preferred Stock shares at $1.56 per share.

We may not have sufficient available cash to pay the dividends as they accrue. The payment of the dividends, or our failure to timely pay the dividends
when due, could reduce our available cash on hand, have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and cause the value of our stock to decline in
value.  Additionally,  the  issuance  of  shares  of  common  stock  or  additional  shares  of  Series  B  Preferred  Stock  or  Series  B1  Preferred  Stock  in  lieu  of  cash
dividends (and the subsequent conversion of such Series B Preferred Stock or Series B1 Preferred Stock into common stock pursuant to the terms of such Series
B Preferred Stock and Series B1 Preferred Stock) could cause substantial dilution to the then holders of our common stock.

We  may  be  required  to  issue  additional  shares  of  Series  B  Preferred  Stock  and  Series  B1  Preferred  Stock  upon  the  occurrence  of  certain

events.

As  described  above,  in  the  event  we  do  not  have  available  cash  to  pay  the  dividends  which  accrue  on  the  Series  B  Preferred  Stock  and  Series  B1
Preferred  Stock  in  cash,  we  are  prohibited  from  paying  such  dividends  in  cash,  or  choose  not  to  pay  such  dividends  in  cash  and/or  we  do  not  have  sufficient
registered shares of common stock available to allow for the payment of such dividends in common stock, we are required to pay such dividends in-kind in (a)
Series B Preferred Stock shares at $3.10 per share, which will also include a $3.10 per share liquidation preference in connection with the Series B Preferred
Stock dividends; and (b) Series B1 Preferred Stock shares at $1.56 per share, which will also include a $1.56 per share liquidation preference in connection with
the Series B1 Preferred Stock, and the right to convert into common stock on a one-for-one basis.

The  issuance  and  sale  of  common  stock  upon  conversion  of  the  Series  B  Preferred  Stock  and  Series  B1  Preferred  Stock  may  depress  the
market price of our common stock; and the redemption of the Series B Preferred Stock and Series B1 Preferred Stock, if not converted into common
stock prior to the required redemption date, will require significant additional funds.

If conversions of the Series B Preferred Stock and Series B1 Preferred Stock and sales of such converted shares take place, the price of our common
stock  may  decline.  In  addition,  the  common  stock  issuable  upon  conversion  of  the  Series  B  Preferred  Stock  and  Series  B1  Preferred  Stock may  represent
overhang  that  may  also  adversely  affect  the  market  price  of  our  common  stock.  Overhang  occurs  when  there  is  a  greater  supply  of  a  company’s  stock  in  the
market than there is demand for that stock. When this happens the price of the company’s stock will decrease, and any additional shares which shareholders
attempt  to  sell  in  the  market  will  only  further  decrease  the  share  price.  If  the  share  volume  of  our  common  stock  cannot  absorb  converted  shares  sold  by  the
Series B Preferred Stock and Series B1 Preferred Stock holders, then the value of our common stock will likely decrease.

39

EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

In addition to the above, we are required to redeem any non-converted shares of (a) Series B Preferred Stock, which remain outstanding on June 24,
2020,  at  the  rate  of  $3.10  per  share  (or  $11.3  million  in  aggregate  as  of  the  date  of  this  filing);  and  (b)  Series  B1  Preferred  Stock,  which  remain  outstanding
on June 24, 2020, at the rate of $1.56 per share (or $15.9 million in aggregate as of the date of this filing), which funds we may not have, or which may not be
available on favorable terms, if at all.

Risks Relating to Our Listing on the Nasdaq Capital Market

Our Common Stock may be delisted from the Nasdaq Capital Market if we cannot satisfy Nasdaq’s continued listing requirements.

Among the conditions required for continued listing on the Nasdaq Capital Market, Nasdaq requires us to maintain at least $2.5 million in stockholders’
equity or $500,000 in net income over the prior two years or two of the prior three years, to have a majority of independent directors, and to maintain a stock price
over $1.00 per share. Our stockholders’ equity may not remain above Nasdaq’s $2.5 million minimum, we may not generate over $500,000 of yearly net income
moving forward, we may not be able to maintain independent directors, and we may not be able to maintain a stock price over $1.00 per share (our 52 week low
as of the date of this filing was $0.85 and our common stock has traded below $1.00 per share during various periods over the past year). If we fail to timely
comply with the applicable requirements, our stock may be delisted. In addition, even if we demonstrate compliance with the requirements above, we will have to
continue  to  meet  other  objective  and  subjective  listing  requirements  to  continue  to  be  listed  on  the  Nasdaq  Capital  Market.  Delisting  from  the  Nasdaq  Capital
Market could make trading our common stock more difficult for investors, potentially leading to declines in our share price and liquidity. Without a Nasdaq Capital
Market listing, stockholders may have a difficult time getting a quote for the sale or purchase of our stock, the sale or purchase of our stock would likely be made
more difficult and the trading volume and liquidity of our stock could decline. Delisting from the Nasdaq Capital Market could also result in negative publicity and
could also make it more difficult for us to raise additional capital. The absence of such a listing may adversely affect the acceptance of our common stock as
currency or the value accorded by other parties. Further, if we are delisted, we would also incur additional costs under state blue sky laws in connection with any
sales of our securities. These requirements could severely limit the market liquidity of our common stock and the ability of our stockholders to sell our common
stock in the secondary market. If our common stock is delisted by Nasdaq, our common stock may be eligible to trade on an over-the-counter quotation system,
such as the OTCQB market, where an investor may find it more difficult to sell our stock or obtain accurate quotations as to the market value of our common
stock. In the event our common stock is delisted from the Nasdaq Capital Market, we may not be able to list our common stock on another national securities
exchange or obtain quotation on an over-the counter quotation system.

If  we  are  delisted  from  the  Nasdaq  Capital  Market,  your  ability  to  sell  your  shares  of  our  common  stock  could  also  be  limited  by  the  penny

stock restrictions, which could further limit the marketability of your shares.

If  our  common  stock  is  delisted,  it  could  come  within  the  definition  of  “ penny  stock”  as  defined  in  the  Exchange  Act  and  would  then  be  covered  by
Rule  15g-9  of  the  Exchange  Act.  That  Rule  imposes  additional  sales  practice  requirements  on  broker-dealers  who  sell  securities  to  persons  other  than
established customers and accredited investors. For transactions covered by Rule 15g-9, the broker-dealer must make a special suitability determination for the
purchaser and receive the purchaser’s written agreement to the transaction prior to the sale. Consequently, Rule 15g-9, if it were to become applicable, would
affect the ability or willingness of broker-dealers to sell our securities, and accordingly would affect the ability of stockholders to sell their securities in the public
market. These additional procedures could also limit our ability to raise additional capital in the future.

Due to the fact that our common stock is listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market, we are subject to financial and other reporting and corporate

governance requirements which increase our costs and expenses.

We are currently required to file annual and quarterly information and other reports with the Securities and Exchange Commission that are specified in
Sections 13 and 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Additionally, due to the fact that our common stock is listed on the Nasdaq Capital
Market, we are also subject to the requirements to maintain independent directors, comply with other corporate governance requirements and are required to pay
annual listing and stock issuance fees. These obligations require a commitment of additional resources including, but not limited, to additional expenses, and may
result in the diversion of our senior management’s time and attention from our day-to-day operations. These obligations increase our expenses and may make it
more complicated or time consuming for us to undertake certain corporate actions due to the fact that Nasdaq may require approval for such transactions and/or
Nasdaq rules may require us to obtain shareholder approval for such transactions.

40

EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments

Not applicable.

Item 2. Properties

Properties and Facilities

The Company owns three oil collection facilities operated by H&H Oil, which are located in Houston, Austin, and Corpus Christi, Texas. The three owned
locations range from 2 acres to 5 acres in area and have offices, storage tank facilities, small warehouse facilities for operations and yard areas for the parking of
trucks. These facilities are related to the operations of the Black Oil segment.

In addition, the Company leases four smaller facilities, one located in San Antonio, Texas, one in Mission, Texas, one in Pittsburg, Texas, and one in
Dallas, Texas each with a small yard for the parking of trucks, small storage tanks and an office. The San Antonio facility is leased under a thirty-six month lease
which expired in June 2013 (subject to our right to renew the lease for an additional twelve months and/or purchase the property at the end of the lease term),
which has a rental cost of $2,500 per month, provided that while not formally extended, we continue to operate under the same terms of the now expired lease.
The Mission, Texas lease has a term expiring on November 1, 2019, and a rental cost of $650 per month. The Pittsburg lease is for three years, expiring May 1,
2020, at a monthly cost of $4,776. The Dallas lease expired in August 31, 2015, but we continue to lease this facility on month to month basis for a rental cost of
$3,000 per month. These facilities are related to the operations of the Black Oil segment.

The Company leases a 19 acre tank terminal facility in Baytown, Texas, where it aggregates the majority of the used motor oil for its TCEP technology.
The TCEP technology is located on-site at this facility, which also has facilities for the loading and unloading of trucks and barges located near the Houston Ship
Channel. The lease relating to this facility expires on November 30, 2032. The monthly rent relating to this facility is approximately $25,000 per month through
November 2027, and $30,000 per month during the remaining term of the lease. The lease contains a provision providing the landlord the right to buy out our
rights under the lease for the fair market value of such rights (as provided in the lease agreement) upon the occurrence of any change of control of the Company,
including the sale of substantially all of our assets; or our merger with another entity which results in our shareholders holding less than 50% of the voting stock of
the post-merger entity. Additionally, we have a right of first refusal to buy the landlord’s interest in the property leased in the event the landlord receives a bona
fide offer to sell the premises and notifies us of its intent to accept such offer. This facility is related to the operations of the Black Oil segment.

We also lease approximately 5,893 square feet of office space at our current principal executive office located at 1331 Gemini St., Suite 250, Houston,
Texas 77058. The office rent is $9,723 per month from July 1, 2012 to June 30, 2013; $10,067 per month from July 1, 2013 to June 30, 2015; $10,411 from July
1,  2015  to  June  30,  2017;  and  $10,709  from  July  1,  2017  to  June  30,  2021. This  property  relates  to  general  administrative  functions  of  the  Company  and  is
proportionally allocated to each of our three segments.

The Company leases three smaller facilities, one located in Zanesville, Ohio, one in Mount Sterling, Kentucky, and one in Ravenswood, West Virginia
each with a small yard for the parking of trucks, small storage tanks and an office. The Zanesville facility is leased under a twelve month lease with automatic
renewals (subject to either party providing a written notice to the other party of the intent to cancel the lease prior to thirty days from the expiration of the current
term), which has a rental cost of $3,500 per month. The Mount Sterling, Kentucky lease had a term expiring on March 22, 2018, but we continue to lease this
facility on a month-to-month basis, pursuant to the terms of the lease, and a rental cost of $1,750 per month. The Ravenswood, West Virginia lease had a term
expiring October 1, 2016, but we continue to lease this facility on a month to month basis for a rental cost of $1,739 per month.

The Company owns five other facilities, which are located in Ohio. Two facilities are located in Columbus, of which one is the location of our refinery and
the other is for the storage of feedstocks and finished products. There are two locations in Zanesville, of which one is used for an office, small warehouse facilities
for operations and a yard area for the parking of trucks, and the other is used for bulk used oil storage and as a transfer facility. The fifth facility is located in
Norwalk and is used for bulk storage of used oil and as a transfer facility. All properties relate to the operations of the Black Oil segment.

41

EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

Marrero Facility:

We lease a used motor oil refinery located in Marrero, Louisiana. The facility was constructed in 1992 by Chevron Texaco, can currently process more
than 180,000 gallons per day and has a total storage capacity of nearly 17 million gallons. The facility is accessible by truck, rail, and barge. The lease has a term
expiring in April 2023, with a monthly rental cost of $283,000. The lease also provides us the right to extend the lease for up to four additional five year extension
terms through April 2043. This facility is related to the operations of the Black Oil segment.

Myrtle Grove:

We lease 45 acres of land on the Gulf Coast in Myrtle Grove, Louisiana. The site, which is currently being developed, is located approximately 26 miles
from  the  Marrero  facility  (described  above).  Existing  infrastructure  includes  offices  and  maintenance  buildings,  a  lab,  a  control  room,  and  a  process  area  with
existing piling and concrete, loading and unloading areas and fire protection for the process area. We also own and/or lease additional refining equipment located
on  site.  The  lease  has  a  term  expiring  in  May  2022,  and  a  rental  cost  of  $54,000  per  month.  The  lease  also  has  10  additional  five  year  term  renewal  options
through  2072,  with  the  rental  cost  of  each  extension  term  increasing  by  8%  of  the  preceding  term.  This  facility  is  related  to  the  operations  of  the  Black  Oil
segment.

We believe that our current facilities are suitable and adequate to meet our current needs, and that suitable additional or substitute space will be available

as needed. However, we continue to evaluate the purchase or lease of additional properties or the consolidation of our properties, as our business requires.

Item 3. Legal Proceedings

From time to time, we may become party to litigation or other legal proceedings that we consider to be a part of the ordinary course of our business.

Vertex Refining LA, LLC, the wholly-owned subsidiary of Vertex Operating, was named as a defendant, along with numerous other parties, in five lawsuits
filed on or about February 12, 2016, in the Second Parish Court for the Parish of Jefferson, State of Louisiana, Case No. 121749, by Russell Doucet et. al., Case
No. 121750, by Kendra Cannon et. al., Case No. 121751, by Lashawn Jones et. al., Case No. 121752, by Joan Strauss et. al. and Case No. 121753, by Donna
Allen et. al. The suits relate to alleged noxious and harmful emissions from our facility located in Marrero, Louisiana. The suits seek damages for physical and
emotional injuries, pain and suffering, medical expenses and deprivation of the use and enjoyment of plaintiffs’ homes. We intend to vigorously defend ourselves
and  oppose  the  relief  sought  in  the  complaints,  provided  that  at  this  stage  of  the  litigation,  the  Company  has  no  basis  for  determining  whether  there  is  any
likelihood of material loss associated with the claims and/or the potential and/or the outcome of the litigation.

E-Source Holdings, LLC ("E-Source"), the wholly-owned subsidiary of Vertex Operating, was named as a defendant (along with Motiva Enterprises, LLC,
("Motiva")) in a lawsuit filed in the Sixtieth (60th) Judicial District, Jefferson County, Texas, on April 22, 2015. Pursuant to the lawsuit, Whole Environmental, Inc.
("Whole"),  made  certain  allegations  against  E-Source  and  Motiva.  In  July  2018,  the  parties  entered  into  a  confidential  settlement  agreement  and  settled  all
previously pending claims. The settlement did not have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures.

Not applicable.

42

EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

MARKET INFORMATION

PART II

Our common stock is traded on the NASDAQ Capital Market (“ NASDAQ”) under the symbol “ VTNR”.

HOLDERS

As  of  March  5,  2019,  there  were  approximately  (a)  270  holders  of  record  of  our  common  stock,  not  including  holders  who  hold  their  shares  in  street
name, and 40,174,821 shares of common stock issued and outstanding; (b) 74 holders of record of our 419,859 outstanding shares of Series A Preferred Stock;
(c) 11 holders of record of our 3,658,905 outstanding shares of Series B Preferred Stock; and (d) 14 holders of record of our 10,208,469 outstanding shares of
Series B1 Preferred Stock.

DESCRIPTION OF CAPITAL STOCK

Common Stock

The total number of authorized shares of our common stock is 750,000,000 shares, $0.001 par value per share.

Each share of our common stock is entitled to equal dividends and distributions per share with respect to the common stock when, as and if declared by
our Board of Directors. No holder of any shares of our common stock has a preemptive right to subscribe for any of our securities, nor are any shares of our
common stock subject to redemption or convertible into other securities. Upon liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of the Company, and after payment to our
creditors and preferred shareholders, if any, our assets will be divided pro rata on a share-for-share basis among the holders of our common stock. Each share of
our common stock is entitled to one vote on all shareholder matters. Shares of our common stock do not possess any cumulative voting rights.

Preferred Stock

The  total  number  of  “blank  check”  authorized  shares  of  our  preferred  stock  is  50,000,000  shares,  $0.001  par  value  per  share.  The  total  number  of
authorized  shares  of  our  Series  A  Convertible  Preferred  Stock  (“Series  A  Preferred”)  is  5,000,000;  the  total  number  of  authorized  shares  of  Vertex’s  Series  B
Preferred Stock is 10,000,000 (“Series B Preferred Stock ”); the total number of authorized shares of Vertex's Series B1 Preferred Stock is 17,000,000 (" Series B1
Preferred Stock") and the total number of authorized shares of Vertex’s Series C Convertible Preferred Stock is 44,000 (“ Series C Preferred Stock”).

Series A Preferred

Holders of outstanding shares of Series A Preferred are entitled to receive dividends, when, as, and if declared by our Board of Directors. No dividends or
similar distributions may be made on shares of capital stock or securities junior to our Series A Preferred until dividends in the same amount per share on our
Series A Preferred have been declared and paid. In connection with a liquidation, winding-up, dissolution or sale of the Company, each share of our Series A
Preferred  is  entitled  to  receive  $1.49  prior  to  similar  liquidation  payments  due  on  shares  of  our  common  stock  or  any  other  class  of  securities  junior  to  the
Series  A  Preferred.  Shares  of  Series  A  Preferred  are  not  entitled  to  participate  with  the  holders  of  our  common  stock  with  respect  to  the  distribution  of  any
remaining assets of the Company.

Each share of Series A Preferred is entitled to that number of votes equal to the number of whole shares of common stock into which it is convertible.

Generally, holders of our common stock and Series A Preferred vote together as a single class.

Shares of Series A Preferred automatically convert into shares of our common stock on the earliest to occur of the following:

The affirmative vote or written consent of the holders of a majority of the then-outstanding shares of Series A Preferred;

If the closing market price of our common stock averages at least $15.00 per share over a period of 20 consecutive trading days and the daily trading
volume averages at least 7,500 shares over such period;

If we consummate an underwritten public offering of our securities at a price per share not less than $10.00 and for a total gross offering amount of at
least $10 million; or

•

•

•

43

EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

•

If a sale of the Company occurs resulting in proceeds to the holders of Series A Preferred of a per share amount of at least $10.00.

Each share of Series A Preferred converts into one share of common stock, subject to adjustment.

Series B Preferred Stock

The  Series  B  Preferred  Stock  accrues  a  dividend,  payable  quarterly  in  arrears  (based  on  calendar  quarters),  in  the  amount  of  6%  per  annum  of  the

original issuance price of the Series B Preferred Stock ($3.10 per share).

The  dividend  is  payable  by  the  Company,  at  the  Company’s  election,  in  registered  common  stock  of  the  Company  (if  available)  or  cash.  In  the  event
dividends are paid in registered common stock of the Company, the number of shares payable will be calculated by dividing (a) the accrued dividend by (b) 90%
of  the  arithmetic  average  of  the  volume  weighted  average  price  (VWAP)  of  the  Company’s  common  stock  for  the  10  trading  days  immediately  prior  to  the
applicable date of determination (the “June 2015 Dividend Stock Payment Price ”). Notwithstanding the foregoing, in no event may the Company pay dividends in
common stock unless the applicable June 2015 Dividend Stock Payment Price is above $2.91. If the Company is prohibited from paying, or chooses not to pay,
the dividend in cash or is unable to pay the dividend in registered common stock, the dividend will be paid in-kind in Series B Preferred Stock shares at $3.10 per
share.

The Series B Preferred Stock includes a liquidation preference (in the amount of $3.10 per share) which is junior to the Company’s Series A Preferred
Stock, ranks senior to the Company’s Series C Preferred Stock and ranks equally with the Series B1 Preferred Stock. The Series B Preferred Stock also ranks
junior  to  the  Company’s  credit  facilities  and  other  debt  holders  as  provided  in  further  detail  in  the  designation  of  the  Series  B  Preferred  Stock  (the  “Series  B
Designation”).

The  Series  B  Preferred  Stock  prohibits  us  from  (i)  increasing  or  decreasing  (other  than  by  redemption  or  conversion  (as  described  in  the  Series  B
Designation)) the total number of authorized shares of Series B Preferred Stock (except to the extent required to issue payment-in-kind shares); (ii) re-issuing any
shares of Series B Preferred Stock converted or redeemed; (iii) creating, or authorizing the creation of, or issuing or obligating the Company to issue shares of,
any class or series of capital stock unless the same ranks junior to (and not pari passu with) the Series B Preferred Stock with respect to the distribution of assets
on the liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Company, the payment of dividends and rights of redemption, or increase the authorized number of shares of
any  additional  class  or  series  of  capital  stock  unless  the  same  ranks  junior  to  (and  not  pari  passu  with)  the  Series  B  Preferred  Stock  with  respect  to  the
distribution of assets on the liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Company, the payment of dividends and rights of redemption; (iv) effecting an exchange,
reclassification,  or  cancellation  of  all  or  a  part  of  the  Series  B  Preferred  Stock  (except  pursuant  to  the  terms  of  the  Series  B  Designation);  (v)  effecting  an
exchange, or creating a right of exchange, of all or part of the shares of another class of shares into shares of Series B Preferred Stock; (vi) issuing any shares of
Series  B  Preferred  Stock  other  than  pursuant  to  the  Purchase  Agreement  or  as  payment-in-kind  shares;  (vii)  altering  or  changing  the  rights,  preferences  or
privileges  of  the  Series  B  Preferred  Stock  so  as  to  affect  adversely  the  shares  of  such  series;  or  (viii)  amending  or  waiving  any  provision  of  the  Company’s
Articles of Incorporation or Bylaws relative to the Series B Preferred Stock so as to affect adversely the shares of Series B Preferred Stock in any material respect
as  compared  to  holders  of  other  series,  in  each  case  without  the  prior  written  consent  of  holders  of  Series  B  Preferred  Stock  holding  a  majority  of  the  then
outstanding shares of Series B Preferred Stock.    

The Series B Preferred Stock (including accrued and unpaid dividends) is convertible into shares of the Company’s common stock at the holder’s option
at $3.10 per share (initially a one-for-one basis). If the Company’s common stock trades at or above $6.20 per share for a period of 20 consecutive trading days,
the Company may at such time force conversion of the Series B Preferred Stock (including accrued and unpaid dividends) into common stock of the Company.

The Series B Preferred Stock votes together with the common stock on an as-converted basis, provided that each holder’s voting rights are subject to and

limited by the Series B Beneficial Ownership Limitation described below.

The Company has the option to redeem the outstanding shares of Series B Preferred Stock at $3.10 per share, plus any accrued and unpaid dividends
on such Series B Preferred Stock redeemed, at any time beginning on June 24, 2017, and the Company is required to redeem the Series B Preferred Stock at
$3.10 per share, plus any accrued and unpaid dividends, on June 24, 2020.

The  Series  B  Preferred  Stock  contains  a  provision  prohibiting  the  conversion  of  such  Series  B  Preferred  Stock  into  common  stock  of  the  Company,  if
upon such conversion, the holder thereof would beneficially own more than 9.999% of the Company’s then outstanding common stock (the “Series  B  Beneficial
Ownership Limitation”). The Series B Beneficial Ownership Limitation does not apply to forced conversions undertaken by the Company pursuant to the terms of
the designation (summarized above).

44

EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

Series B1 Preferred Stock

The  Series  B1  Preferred  Stock  is  subject  to  the  terms  and  conditions  and  has  the  rights  and  preferences  set  forth  in  the  Certificate  of  Designation  of
Vertex  Energy,  Inc.  Establishing  the  Designation,  Preferences,  Limitations  and  Relative  Rights  of  Its  Series  B1  Preferred  Stock  (the  “Series  B1  Designation”),
which was filed with the Secretary of State of Nevada on May 12, 2016. The Series B1 Preferred Stock accrues a dividend, payable quarterly in arrears (based
on  calendar  quarters),  in  the  amount  of  6%  per  annum  of  the  original  issuance  price  of  the  Series  B1  Preferred  Stock  ($1.56  per  share),  provided  that  such
dividend increased to 9% if the Consolidated Adjusted EBITDA (defined below) targets described below were not met during the periods indicated below during
2016-2017, until the earlier of (a) the date the next target is met, or (b) June 30, 2018. “Consolidated Adjusted EBITDA” means the Company’s operating income,
plus  (i)  share-based  compensation  expense,  (ii)  depreciation  and  amortization,  (iii)  goodwill  impairment  charges,  (iv)  acquisition  related  expenses,  (v)
nonrecurring restructuring charges, and (vi) other non-cash expenses or one-time items, all as calculated in accordance with United States generally accepted
accounting principles, as consistently applied by the Company.

The Consolidated Adjusted EBITDA targets are as follows:

Measurement Period

For the six months ending December 31, 2016

For the three months ending March 31, 2017

For the six months ending June 30, 2017

For the nine months ending September 30, 2017

For the twelve months ending December 31, 2017

Consolidated Adjusted EBITDA

Negative $1,000,000

$1,000,000

$3,500,000

$5,500,000

$7,500,000

The  Consolidated  Adjusted  EBITDA  targets  for  the  three  months  ended  March  31,  2017,  six  months  ended  June  30,  2017,  nine  months  ended
September 30, 2017 and twelve months ending December 31, 2017 were not met and as a result the Series B1 Preferred Stock accrued a 9% dividend from June
30, 2017 through June 30, 2018.

The dividend is payable by the Company, at the Company’s election, in registered common stock of the Company (if available) or cash, subject to the
terms of the Company’s senior loan documents. In the event dividends are paid in registered common stock of the Company, the number of shares payable will
be calculated by dividing (a) the accrued dividend by (b) 90% of the arithmetic average of the volume weighted average price (VWAP) of the Company’s common
stock  for  the  10  trading  days  immediately  prior  to  the  applicable  date  of  determination  (the  “May  2016  Dividend  Stock  Payment  Price ”).  Notwithstanding  the
foregoing, in no event may the Company pay dividends in common stock unless the applicable May 2016 Dividend Stock Payment Price is above $1.52. If the
Company is prohibited from paying, or chooses not to pay, the dividend in cash or is unable to pay the dividend in registered common stock, the dividend will be
paid in-kind in additional shares of Series B1 Preferred Stock shares based on a value of $1.56 per share.

The Series B1 Preferred Stock includes a liquidation preference (in the amount of $1.56 per share) which is junior to the Company’s Series A Preferred
Stock, ranks senior to the Company’s Series C Preferred Stock and ranks equally with the Series B Preferred Stock. The Series B1 Preferred Stock also ranks
junior to the Company’s credit facilities and other debt holders as provided in further detail in the Series B1 Designation.

The  Series  B1  Preferred  Stock  prohibits  us  from  (i)  increasing  or  decreasing  (other  than  by  redemption  or  conversion  (as  described  in  the  Series  B1
Designation)) the total number of authorized shares of Series B1 Preferred Stock (except to the extent required to issue payment-in-kind shares); (ii) re-issuing
any shares of Series B1 Preferred Stock converted or redeemed; (iii) creating, or authorizing the creation of, or issuing or obligating the Company to issue shares
of, any class or series of capital stock unless the same ranks junior to (and not pari passu with) the Series B1 Preferred Stock with respect to the distribution of
assets  on  the  liquidation,  dissolution  or  winding  up  of  the  Company,  the  payment  of  dividends  and  rights  of  redemption,  or  increase  the  authorized  number  of
shares of any additional class or series of capital stock unless the same ranks junior to (and not pari passu with) the Series B1 Preferred Stock with respect to the
distribution of assets on the liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Company, the payment of dividends and rights of redemption; (iv) issuing, incurring or
obligating  the  Company  to  issue  or  incur  any  indebtedness  that  is  convertible  into,  or  exchangeable  for,  any  equity  security  of  the  Company  or  instruments
derivative of any equity security of the Company; (v) granting any rights to require a mandatory repurchase, retirement or redemption by the Company of any of
the Company’s equity securities or instruments derivative of its equity securities on or prior to June 24, 2020, or issuing, incurring or obligating the Company to
issue or incur, any indebtedness with a maturity date on or prior to June 24, 2020, that is convertible into, or exchangeable for, equity securities or instruments
derivative of the Company’s equity securities; (vi) effecting an exchange, reclassification, or cancellation of all or a part of the Series B1 Preferred Stock (except
pursuant to the

45

EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

 
 
 
 
 
 
terms of the Series B1 Designation); (vii) effecting an exchange, or creating a right of exchange, of all or part of the shares of another class of shares into shares
of Series B1 Preferred Stock; (viii) issuing any shares of Series B1 Preferred Stock other than pursuant to the Purchase Agreement or as payment-in-kind shares;
(ix) altering or changing the rights, preferences or privileges of the Series B1 Preferred Stock so as to affect adversely the shares of such series; or (x) amending
or waiving any provision of the Company’s Articles of Incorporation or Bylaws relative to the Series B1 Preferred Stock so as to affect adversely the shares of
Series B1 Preferred Stock in any material respect as compared to holders of other series, in each case without the prior written consent of holders of Series B1
Preferred Stock holding a majority of the then outstanding shares of Series B1 Preferred Stock.

The Series B1 Preferred Stock (including accrued and unpaid dividends) is convertible into shares of the Company’s common stock at the holder’s option
at any time after closing on a one-for-one basis. If the Company’s common stock trades at or above $3.90 per share for a period of 20 consecutive trading days
at any time, the Company may at such time force conversion of the Series B1 Preferred Stock (including accrued and unpaid dividends) into common stock of the
Company.

The Series B1 Preferred Stock votes together with the common stock on an as-converted basis, provided that each holder’s voting rights are subject to

and limited by the Series B1 Beneficial Ownership Limitation described below.

The Company has the option to redeem the outstanding shares of Series B1 Preferred Stock at $1.72 per share, plus any accrued and unpaid dividends
on  such  Series  B1  Preferred  Stock  redeemed,  at  any  time  beginning  on  June  20,  2017  (the  two  year  anniversary  of  the  closing  of  the  Company’s  June  2015
offering of Series B Preferred Stock) and the Company is required to redeem the Series B1 Preferred Stock at $1.56 per share, plus any accrued and unpaid
dividends on June 24, 2020 (the five year anniversary of the closing of the Company’s June 2015 offering of Series B Preferred Stock).

The Series B1 Preferred Stock contains a provision prohibiting the conversion of the Series B1 Preferred Stock into common stock of the Company, if
upon  such  conversion  or  exercise,  as  applicable,  the  holder  thereof  would  beneficially  own  more  than  9.999%  (provided  that  certain  holders  of  the  Series  B1
Preferred Stock have contractually agreed to a lower conversion limit of 4.999%) of the Company’s then outstanding common stock (the “Series  B1  Beneficial
Ownership Limitation”). The Series B1 Beneficial Ownership Limitation does not apply to forced conversions undertaken by the Company pursuant to the terms of
the Series B1 Designation (summarized above).

Series C Convertible Preferred Stock

The Series C Preferred Stock does not accrue a dividend, but has participation rights on an as-converted basis, to any dividends paid on the Company’s
common stock (other than dividends paid solely in common stock). Each Series C Preferred Stock share has a $100 face value, and a liquidation preference (in
the  amount  of  $100  per  share)  which  is  junior  to  the  Company’s  other  outstanding  shares  of  preferred  stock,  senior  credit  facilities  and  other  debt  holders  as
provided in further detail in the designation, but senior to the common stock.

The Series C Preferred Stock is convertible into shares of the Company’s common stock at the holder’s option at any time at $1.00 per share (initially a
100:1  basis  (subject  to  adjustments  for  stock  splits  and  recapitalizations)).  The  Series  C  Preferred  Stock  votes  together  with  the  common  stock  on  an  as-
converted basis, provided that each holder’s voting rights are subject to and limited by the Series C Beneficial Ownership Limitation described below and provided
further that notwithstanding any of the foregoing, solely for purposes of determining the Voting Rights, the Voting Rights accorded to such Series C Convertible
Preferred  Stock  will  be  determined as  if  converted  at  $1.05  per  share  ( the  market  value  of  the  common  stock  as  of  the  close  of  trading  on  the  day  prior  to
the original issuance date of the Series C Preferred Stock), and subject to equitable adjustment as discussed in the designation . There are no redemption rights
associated with the Series C Preferred Stock.

46

EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

 
 
 
The Series C Preferred Stock contains a provision prohibiting the conversion of the Series C Preferred Stock into common stock of the Company, if upon
such conversion or exercise, as applicable, the holder thereof would beneficially own more than 4.999% of the Company’s then outstanding common stock (the
“Series C Beneficial Ownership Limitation”). The Series C Beneficial Ownership Limitation may be increased up and down on a per holder basis, with 61 days
prior written notice from any holder, provided the Series C Beneficial Ownership Limitation may never be higher than 9.999%.

So long as any shares of Series C Preferred Stock are outstanding, we are prohibited from undertaking any of the following without first obtaining the
approval of the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of Series C Preferred Stock: (a) increasing or decreasing (other than by redemption or conversion)
the total number of authorized shares of Series C Preferred Stock; (b) re-issuing any shares of Series C Preferred Stock converted; (c) creating, or authorizing
the creation of, or issuing or obligating the Company to issue shares of, any class or series of capital stock unless the same ranks junior to (and not pari passu
with)  the  Series  C  Preferred  Stock  with  respect  to  the  distribution  of  assets  on  the  liquidation,  dissolution  or  winding  up  of  the  Company,  or  increasing  the
authorized number of shares of any additional class or series of capital stock unless the same ranks junior to (and not pari passu with) the Series C Preferred
Stock  with  respect  to  the  distribution  of  assets  on  the  liquidation,  dissolution  or  winding  up  of  the  Company;  (d)  effecting  an  exchange,  reclassification,  or
cancellation of all or a part of the Series C Preferred Stock (except pursuant to the terms of the designation); (e) effecting an exchange, or creating a right of
exchange, of all or part of the shares of another class of shares into shares of Series C Preferred Stock (except pursuant to the terms of the designation); (f)
issuing any additional shares of Series C Preferred Stock; (g) altering or changing the rights, preferences or privileges of the shares of Series C Preferred Stock
so as to affect adversely the shares of such series; or (h) amending or waiving any provision of the Company’s Articles of Incorporation or Bylaws relative to the
Series  C  Preferred  Stock  so  as  to  affect  adversely  the  shares  of  Series  C  Preferred  Stock  in  any  material  respect  as  compared  to  holders  of  other  series  of
shares.

Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities

The below includes information on recent sales of unregistered securities during the three months ended December 31, 2018 and from the period from
January 1, 2019 to the filing date of this report, and does not include information which has previously been included in a Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q or in a
Current Report on Form 8-K:

For the period from October 1, 2018 to December 31, 2018, a total of approximately $167,642 of dividends accrued on our outstanding Series B Preferred
Stock and $235,360 of dividends accrued on our outstanding Series B1 Preferred Stock. We chose to pay such dividends in-kind by way of the issuance of 54,078
restricted shares of Series B Preferred Stock pro rata to each of the then holders of our Series B Preferred Stock in January 2019 and the issuance of 150,872
restricted shares of Series B1 Preferred Stock pro rata to each of the then holders of our Series B1 Preferred Stock in January 2019. A total of 575 shares of such
Series B1 Preferred Stock were issued to Benjamin P. Cowart, our Chief Executive Officer, and a total of 567 shares of such Series B1 Preferred Stock were
issued to Chris Carlson, our Chief Financial Officer and Secretary. If converted in full, the 54,078 shares of Series B Preferred Stock would convert into 54,078
shares of common stock and the 150,872 shares of Series B1 Preferred Stock would convert into 150,872 shares of common stock.

As the issuance of the Series B Preferred Stock and Series B1 Preferred Stock in-kind in satisfaction of the dividends did not involve a “sale” of securities
under  Section  2(a)(3)  of  the  Securities  Act,  we  believe  that  no  registration  of  such  securities,  or  exemption  from  registration  for  such  securities,  was  required
under the Securities Act. Notwithstanding the above, to the extent such shares are deemed “sold or offered”, we claim an exemption from registration pursuant to
Section  4(a)(2)  and/or  Rule  506  of  Regulation  D  of  the  Securities  Act,  since  the  transaction  did  not  involve  a  public  offering,  the  recipients  were  “accredited
investors”, and acquired the securities for investment only and not with a view towards, or for resale in connection with, the public sale or distribution thereof. The
securities are subject to transfer restrictions, and the certificates evidencing the securities contain an appropriate legend stating that such securities have not been
registered under the Securities Act and may not be offered or sold absent registration or pursuant to an exemption therefrom. The securities were not registered
under  the  Securities  Act  and  such  securities  may  not  be  offered  or  sold  in  the  United  States  absent  registration  or  an  exemption  from  registration  under  the
Securities Act and any applicable state securities laws.

In October 2018, a holder of our Series B1 Convertible Preferred Stock converted 1,000,000 shares of our Series B1 Convertible Preferred Stock into

1,000,000 shares of our common stock.

In  December  2018,  a  holder  of  our  Series  B1  Convertible  Preferred  Stock  converted  17,301  shares  of  our  Series  B1  Convertible  Preferred  Stock  into

17,301 shares of our common stock.

47

EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

    
We claim an exemption from registration provided by Section 3(a)(9) of the Securities Act for such issuances, as the securities were exchanged by us
with our existing security holders in a transaction where no commission or other remuneration was paid or given directly or indirectly for soliciting such exchange.

In November, 2018, the Company issued 150,000 shares of common stock pursuant to the earn-out provisions of the Asset Purchase Agreement dated
May 1, 2017, by and between Vertex Recovery and Nickco Recycling, Inc. Pursuant to the terms of the agreement, in the event the business operations acquired
by the Company pursuant to the agreement did not suffer a major violation of an environmental law during the earn-out period (i.e., the 12 months following the
date of the acquisition), the Company was required to issue the seller 150,000 shares of common stock.

We claim an exemption from registration provided by Section 4(a)(2) and Rule 506(b) of Regulation D of the Securities Act for the above issuance. The
recipient  of  the  shares  represented  that  it  was  an  accredited  investor  within  the  meaning  of  Rule  501(a)  of  Regulation  D,  and  was  acquiring  the  shares  for
investment only and not with a view towards, or for resale in connection with, the public sale or distribution thereof. The shares were offered without any general
solicitation by the Company or its representatives. The shares have not been registered under the Securities Act and such securities may not be offered or sold
in the United States absent registration or an exemption from registration under the Securities Act and any applicable state securities laws.

As of the date of this filing, there were 419,859 outstanding shares of Series A Preferred Stock, which if converted in full, could be converted into 419,859
shares  of  common  stock;  3,658,905  outstanding  shares  of  Series  B  Preferred  Stock,  which  if  converted  in  full,  could  be  converted  into  3,658,905  shares  of
common  stock;  and  10,208,469  outstanding  shares  of  Series  B1  Preferred  Stock,  which  if  converted  in  full,  could  be  converted  into  10,208,469  shares  of
common stock.

Use of Proceeds From Sale of Registered Securities

None.

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

None.

48

EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

Item 6. Selected Financial Data

Our  selected  consolidated  financial  data  shown  below  should  be  read  together  with  “Part  II”  -  “Item  7.  Management’s  Discussion  and  Analysis  of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and our consolidated financial statements and respective notes included in “ Part II” - “Item 8. Financial Statements
and Supplementary Data”. The data shown below is not necessarily indicative of results to be expected for any future period.

Statement of Operations Data:

Revenues
Income (loss) from operations
Basic net income (loss) per share

Diluted net income (loss) per share
Weighted average number of basic common
shares outstanding
Weighted average number of diluted common
shares outstanding

Consolidated Balance Sheet Data
Cash and cash equivalents
Working capital (deficit)

Total assets
Long-term obligations
Total liabilities
Total temporary equity
Total equity

2018

2017

2016

2015

2014

Years Ended December 31,

180,720,661   $
488,348   $
(0.23)   $

145,499,092   $
(7,056,263)   $
(0.36)   $

98,078,914   $
(10,112,514)   $
(0.51)   $

146,942,461   $
(14,093,041)   $
(0.86)   $

258,904,867
(10,494,621)
(0.23)

(0.23)   $

(0.36)   $

(0.51)   $

(0.86)   $

(0.23)

35,411,264  

32,653,402  

30,520,820  

28,181,096  

23,807,780

35,411,264  

32,653,402  

30,520,820  

28,181,096  

23,807,780

2018

2017

2016

2015

2014

As of December 31,

1,349,831   $
6,547,301   $

84,160,408   $
16,175,790   $
33,171,401   $
22,179,963   $
28,809,044   $

1,105,787   $
3,523,548   $

84,305,474   $
16,013,267   $
32,961,171   $
22,959,945   $
28,384,358   $

1,701,435   $
(1,268,192)   $

86,985,968   $
6,214,103   $
28,667,747   $
19,604,255   $
38,713,966   $

765,364   $
(10,498,637)   $

6,017,076
(29,327,453)

93,644,816   $
7,088,263   $
40,753,674   $
11,955,207   $
40,935,935   $

133,822,231
12,125,574
75,202,259
—
58,619,972

$
$
$

$

$
$

$
$
$
$
$

The key operational issue contributing to the differences between  2018  and 2017 was the steady rise of commodity prices. This resulted in higher 2018
revenues  and  cost  of  goods  sold  without  a  corresponding  increase  in  our  fixed  costs.  Other  operating  differences  between 2018  and 2017,  were  due  to  the
acquisitions completed during 2017 and the first quarter of 2018.

49

EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
   
Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Strategy and Plan of Operations

The Principal elements of our strategy include:

•

•

•

•

Expand Feedstock Supply Volume.   We intend to expand our feedstock supply volume by growing our collection and aggregation operations.  We plan to
increase  the  volume  of  feedstock  we  collect  directly  by  developing  new  relationships  with  generators  and  working  to  displace  incumbent  collectors;
increasing  the  number  of  collection  personnel,  vehicles,  equipment,  and  geographical  areas  we  serve;  and  acquiring  collectors  in  new  or  existing
territories.    We  intend  to  increase  the  volume  of  feedstock  we  aggregate  from  third-party  collectors  by  expanding  our  existing  relationships  and
developing  new  vendor  relationships.    We  believe  that  our  ability  to  acquire  large  feedstock  volumes  will  help  to  cultivate  new  vendor  relationships
because collectors often prefer to work with a single, reliable customer rather than manage multiple relationships and the uncertainty of excess inventory.

Broaden  Existing  Customer  Relationships  and  Secure  New  Large  Accounts .    We  intend  to  broaden  our  existing  customer  relationships  by  increasing
sales  of  used  motor  oil  and  re-refined  products  to  these  accounts.  In  some  cases,  we  may  also  seek  to  serve  as  our  customers’  primary  or  exclusive
supplier.  We also believe that as we increase our supply of feedstock and re-refined products that we will secure larger customer accounts that require a
partner who can consistently deliver high volumes.

Re-Refine  Higher  Value  End  Products.     We  intend  to  develop,  lease,  or  acquire  technologies  to  re-refine  our  feedstock  supply  into  higher-value  end
products.    We  believe  that  the  expansion  of  our  facilities  and  our  technology,  and  investments  in  additional  technologies,  will  enable  us  to  upgrade
feedstock into end products, such as lubricating base oil, that command higher market prices than the current re-refined products we produce.

Pursue Selective Strategic Relationships or Acquisitions.     We  plan  to  grow  market  share  by  consolidating  feedstock  supply  through  partnering  with  or
acquiring collection and aggregation assets.  Such acquisitions and/or partnerships could increase our revenue and provide better control over the quality
and quantity of feedstock available for resale and/or upgrading as well as providing additional locations for the implementation of TCEP, if we deem such
commercially reasonable.  In addition, we intend to pursue further vertical integration opportunities by acquiring complementary recycling and processing
technologies  where  we  can  realize  synergies  by  leveraging  our  customer  and  vendor  relationships,  infrastructure,  and  personnel,  and  by  eliminating
duplicative overhead costs.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Description of Material Financial Line Items:

Revenues

We generate revenues from three existing operating segments as follows:

BLACK OIL - Revenues for our Black Oil segment are comprised primarily of product sales from our re-refineries and feedstock sales (used motor oil)
which are purchased from generators of used motor oil such as oil change shops and garages, as well as a network of local and regional suppliers.  Volumes are
consolidated for efficient delivery and then sold to third-party re-refiners and fuel oil blenders for the export market.  In addition, through used oil re-refining, we re-
refine used oil into different commodity products.  The Houston, Texas TCEP facility finished product is then sold by barge as a fuel oil cutterstock (provided that
TCEP has not been used for this purpose since the third quarter of 2015 due to economic reasons and is currently being used to pre-treat our used motor oil
feedstock prior to shipping them to our facility in Marrero, Louisiana). Through the operations at our Marrero, Louisiana facility, we produce a Vacuum Gas Oil
(VGO) product from used oil re-refining which is then sold via barge to crude refineries to be utilized as an intermediate feedstock in the refining process, as well
as to the marine fuels market.

. Through the operations at our Columbus, Ohio facility we produce a base oil finished product which is then sold via truck or rail car to end users for

blending, packaging and marketing of lubricants.

REFINING  AND  MARKETING  -  The  Refining  and  Marketing  segment  generates  revenues  relating  to  the  sales  of  finished  products.  The  Refining  and
Marketing  segment  gathers  hydrocarbon  streams  in  the  form  of  petroleum  distillates,  transmix  and  other  chemical  products  that  have  become  off-specification
during the transportation or refining process. These feedstock streams are purchased from pipeline operators, refineries, chemical processing facilities and third-
party providers, and then

50

EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

processed  at  a  third-party  facility  under  our  direction.  The  end  products  are  typically  three  distillate  petroleum  streams  (gasoline  blendstock,  pygas  and  fuel
oil cutterstock), which are sold to major oil companies or to large petroleum trading and blending companies. The end products are delivered by barge and truck to
customers.

RECOVERY - The Recovery segment is a generator solutions company for the proper recovery and management of hydrocarbon streams. We own and

operate a fleet of trucks and other vehicles used for shipping and handling equipment and scrap materials.

Our revenues are affected by changes in various commodity prices including crude oil, natural gas, #6 oil and metals.

Cost of Revenues

BLACK  OIL  -  Cost  of  revenues  for  our  Black  Oil  segment  are  comprised  primarily  of  feedstock  purchases  from  a  network  of  providers.  Other  cost  of
revenues  include  processing  costs,  transportation  costs,  purchasing  and  receiving  costs,  analytical  assessments,  brokerage  fees  and  commissions,  and
surveying and storage costs.

REFINING  AND  MARKETING  -  The  Refining  and  Marketing  segment  incurs  cost  of  revenues  relating  to  the  purchase  of  feedstock,  purchasing  and
receiving costs, and inspection and processing of the feedstock into gasoline blendstock, pygas and fuel oil cutter by a third party. Cost of revenues also includes
broker’s fees, inspection and transportation costs.

RECOVERY  -  The  Recovery  segment  incurs  cost  of  revenues  relating  to  the  purchase  of  hydrocarbon  products,  purchasing  and  receiving  costs,  and

inspection. Cost of revenues also includes broker’s fees, inspection and transportation costs.

Our cost of revenues are affected by changes in various commodity indices, including crude oil, natural gas, #6 oil and metals. For example, if the price
for crude oil increases, the cost of solvent additives used in the production of blended oil products, and fuel cost for transportation cost from third party providers
will generally increase. Similarly, if the price of crude oil falls, these costs may also decline.

General and Administrative Expenses

Our general and administrative expenses consist primarily of salaries and other employee-related benefits for executive, administrative, legal, financial
and information technology personnel, as well as outsourced and professional services, rent, utilities, and related expenses at our headquarters, as well as certain
taxes. 

Depreciation and Amortization Expenses

Our  depreciation  and  amortization  expenses  are  primarily  related  to  the  fixed  assets  and  intangible  assets  acquired  in  connection  with  the  Vertex
Holdings, L.P. (formerly Vertex Energy, L.P.), a Texas limited partnership (“Holdings”), E-Source Holdings, LLC (“ E-Source”), Omega Refining, LLC's (“Omega
Refining”) and Warren Ohio Holdings Co., LLC, f/k/a Heartland Group Holdings, LLC (“ Heartland”), Acadiana, Nickco, Ygriega and SES acquisitions.

51

EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED DECEMBER 31,  2018 COMPARED TO THE THREE MONTHS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
2017

Set forth below are our results of operations for the three months ended December 31,  2018, as compared to the same period in  2017.

Revenues

$

41,801,748   $

41,345,248   $

456,500  

Three Months Ended December 31,

2018

2017

$ Change

% Change

Cost of revenues

36,879,263  

33,362,445  

3,516,818  

Gross profit

4,922,485  

7,982,803  

(3,060,318)  

Selling, general and administrative expenses

5,258,572  

5,405,047  

(146,475)  

Depreciation and amortization

1,756,996  

1,700,413  

56,583  

Total operating expenses

7,015,568  

7,105,460  

(89,892)  

Income (loss) from operations

(2,093,083)  

877,343  

(2,970,426)  

Gain (loss) on sale of assets
Gain (loss) on change in derivative warrant
liability
Interest Expense

Total other expense

(5,970)  

14,251  

(20,221)  

2,888,687  
(833,084)  

2,049,633  

(556,318)  
(794,668)  

(1,336,735)  

3,445,005  
(38,416)  

3,386,368  

Loss before income tax

(43,450)  

(459,392)  

415,942  

Income tax benefit

—  

274,423  

(274,423)  

Net income attributable to non-controlling
interest

Net income (loss) attributable to Vertex
Energy, Inc.

157,883  

200,418  

(42,535)  

$

(201,333)   $

(385,387)   $

184,054  

52

1 %

11 %

(38)%

(3)%

3 %

(1)%

(339)%

(142)%

619 %
(5)%

253 %

91 %

— %

(21)%

48 %

EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

 
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
 
 
   
   
   
 
 
   
   
   
 
 
   
   
   
 
 
   
   
   
 
 
   
   
   
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
   
   
   
 
 
   
   
   
 
 
   
   
   
Each of our segments' gross profit (loss) during the three months ended December 31,  2018 and 2017 were as follows:

Black Oil

     Revenues
     Cost of Revenues

     Gross profit

Refining And Marketing

     Revenues
     Cost of Revenues

     Gross profit (deficit)

Recovery

     Revenues
     Cost of Revenues

     Gross profit (deficit)

Three Months Ended December 31,

2018

2017

$ Change

% Change

32,730,540   $
27,280,433  

5,450,107   $

30,441,750   $
24,323,240  

6,118,510   $

2,288,790  
2,957,193  

(668,403)  

Three Months Ended December 31,

2018

2017

$ Change

% Change

5,553,741   $
5,972,018  

(418,277)   $

4,660,406   $
4,222,872  

437,534   $

893,335  
1,749,146  

(855,811)  

Three Months Ended December 31,

2018

2017

$ Change

% Change

3,517,467   $
3,626,812  

(109,345)   $

6,243,092   $
4,816,333  

1,426,759   $

(2,725,625)  
(1,189,521)  

(1,536,104)  

8 %
12 %

(11)%

19 %
41 %

(196)%

(44)%
(25)%

(108)%

$

$

$

$

$

$

Revenues  increased 1%  for  the  fourth  quarter  of  2018,  compared  to  the  same  period  in  2017,  due  primarily  to  higher  commodity  prices. Total  volume
decreased 24% and gross profit decreased 38% for the three months ended December 31, 2018 compared to same period in 2017. Additionally, our per barrel
margin  decreased  19%  relative  to  the  three  months  ended  December  31, 2017.    The  majority  of  this  decrease  was  the  result  of the  sharp  drop  in  commodity
prices  during  the  fourth  quarter  of 2018  which  resulted  in  compressed  spreads  during  this  period.  Notwithstanding  the  above,  and  the  increase  in  cost  of
revenues for the fourth quarter of 2018, which were a result of rising commodity prices during the first nine months of 2018, versus the fourth quarter of 2017, we
believe that due to the combination of our fee structure change along with our increased third party supply we were able to make progress in lowering our cost of
feedstock during the fourth quarter. This process takes time to implement and we anticipate seeing improvements to our margins during this first quarter of 2019
related to these changes.

Our Black Oil segment’s volume decreased approximately 8% during the three months ended December 31,  2018 compared to the same period in  2017.
This decrease was mainly due to a turnaround at our Heartland facilities during the three months ended December 31, 2018. Overall volume for the Refining and
Marketing  segment  increased  26%  during  the  three  month  period  ended  December  31, 2018  as  compared  to  the  same  period  in  2017.  This  segment
experienced  an  increase  in  production  of  49%  for  its  cutterstock  for  the  three  months  ended  December  31, 2018,  compared  to  the  same  period  in  2017.  Our
gasoline  blendstock  volumes  were  down  20%  for  the  three  months  ended  December  31, 2018,  compared  to  the  same  period  in  2017.  Our  pygas  volumes
increased 25% for the three months ended December 31, 2018 as compared to the same period in  2017.

During the three months ended December 31,  2018, our Refining and Marketing cost of revenues were $ 5,972,018 of which the processing costs for our
Refining  and  Marketing  business  located  at  KMTEX  were $650,481.  Revenues  for  the  same  period  were $5,553,741  while  gross  deficit  from  operations  was
$(418,277). During the three months ended December 31,  2017, our Refining and Marketing cost of revenues were $ 4,222,872, which included the processing
costs at KMTEX of $502,142. Revenues for the same period were $ 4,660,406, while gross profit from operations was  $437,534. Whenever there is a sharp drop
in commodity prices, as we saw during the fourth quarter of 2018, the inventory we have on hand is exposed to these market changes and our gross profit is
typically negatively impacted in the short term, while prices are adjusted and the higher priced inventory is liquidated.

53

EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

 
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
 
   
   
   
 
 
   
   
   
 
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
 
 
   
   
   
 
 
   
   
   
 
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
In addition, commodity prices increased approximately 16% for the three months ended December 31,  2018, compared to the same period in  2017.  The
average posting (U.S. Gulfcoast Residual Fuel No. 6 3%) for the three months ended December 31, 2018 increased $8.67 per barrel from a three month average
of $52.92 per barrel during the three months ended December 31, 2017 to $61.59 per barrel during the three months ended December 31,  2018.

Overall gross profit decreased  38% and our margin per barrel decreased approximately 19% for the three months ended December 31,  2018, compared
to the same period in 2017.  This decrease was a result of the overall sharp decrease in oil and gas prices from the beginning of the 4th quarter of 2018 through
the end of the same period. In our street collections and third party purchasing we were focused on lowering the prices paid to generators and suppliers for used
motor oil during 2018. Additionally, our street collections operations had to quickly shift its services model where we implemented service fees for the handling of
used motor oil, the managing of used oil filters, and various other services performed by our collection division during the period compared to this being a cost and
us paying for these services to be completed in prior periods.

We had selling, general and administrative expenses of $ 5,258,572 for the three months ended December 31,  2018, compared to $5,405,047  from  the

prior year's period, a decrease of $146,475 or 3% from the prior period, due to recovery of bad debts previously reserved in our allowance for doubtful accounts.

We had a loss before income taxes of $ 43,450 for the three months ended December 31,  2018 compared to a loss before income taxes of $ 459,392  for
the  three  months  ended  December  31, 2017. The decrease in loss was mainly due to the gain on change in derivative warrant liability offset by the loss from
operations as discussed above.

We had a net loss available to common stockholders of $1,385,277 for the three months ended December 31, 2018, compared to a net loss available to
common  stockholders  of  $1,252,057  for  the  three  months  ended  December  31,  2017.  The  increase  in  loss  was  mainly  due  to  accretion  and  dividends  due  to
conversions of our Series B1 Preferred Stock.

54

EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,  2018 COMPARED TO THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,

2017 

Revenues

Cost of revenues

Gross profit

Year Ended December 31,

2018

2017

$ Change

% Change

$

180,720,661

$

145,499,092

$

35,221,569

151,314,039

124,226,489

27,087,550

29,406,622

21,272,603

8,134,019

Selling, general and administrative expenses

21,927,264

21,685,542

241,722

Depreciation and amortization

6,991,010  

6,643,324  

347,686  

Total operating expenses

28,918,274

28,328,866

589,408

Income (loss) from operations

488,348

(7,056,263)

7,544,611

107 %

Other income (expense)

Other income

Gain on sale of assets
Gain on change in value of derivative warrant liability
Interest expense

Total other income (expense)

659  

45,553
763,716  

(3,281,855)

(2,471,927)

5,748  

445

2,120,584  
(3,483,062)

(1,356,285)

(5,089)  

45,108
(1,356,868)  
201,207

(1,115,642)

(89)%

10,137 %
(64)%
6 %

(82)%

Loss before income tax

(1,983,579)

(8,412,548)

6,428,969

76 %

Income tax benefit

Net loss

—

274,423

(274,423)

(100)%

(1,983,579)

(8,138,125)

6,154,546

24 %

22 %

38 %

1 %

5 %

2 %

76 %

(21)%

74 %

Net income attributable to non-controlling interest

234,188

295,108

(60,920)

Net loss attributable to Vertex Energy, Inc.

$

(2,217,767)

$

(8,433,233)

$

6,215,466

55

EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

 
 
   
   
   
 
 
   
   
   
 
 
 
 
Each of our segment’s gross profit during these periods was as follows:

Black Oil

Revenues
Cost of revenues

Gross profit

Refining And Marketing

Revenues
Cost of revenues

Gross profit

Recovery

Revenues

Cost of revenues

Gross profit

Year Ended December 31,

2018

2017

$ Change

% Change

$

$

$

$

$

$

143,836,981   $
116,524,465  

107,988,551   $
91,177,121  

35,848,430  
25,347,344  

27,312,516   $

16,811,430   $

10,501,086  

22,935,482   $
22,290,277  

20,097,325   $
18,425,195  

2,838,157  
3,865,082  

645,205   $

1,672,130   $

(1,026,925)  

13,948,198   $

17,413,216   $

12,499,297  

14,624,173  

(3,465,018)  

(2,124,876)  

1,448,901   $

2,789,043   $

(1,340,142)  

33 %
28 %

62 %

14 %
21 %

(61)%

(20)%

(15)%

(48)%

Our  revenues  and  cost  of  revenues  are  significantly  impacted  by  fluctuations  in  commodity  prices.  Increases  in  commodity  prices  typically  result  in
increases in revenue and cost of revenues. Our gross profit is to a large extent a function of the market discount we are able to obtain in purchasing feedstock, as
well as how efficiently management conducts operations.

Total  revenues  increased 24%  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2018,  compared  to  the  year  ended  December  31,  2017,  due  primarily  to  increased
volumes  at  our  Marrero  and  Heartland  facilities  in  addition  to  increases  in  finished  product  prices  during  the  first  three  quarters  of  the  year.  Additionally,  the
average posting (U.S. Gulfcoast Residual Fuel No. 6 3%) for 2018 increased $14.16 per barrel from a  2017 average of $47.05 per barrel to an average of $61.21
per  barrel  during 2018. On average, prices we received for our products increased 30% for the year ended December 31,  2018,  compared  to  the  year  ended
December 31, 2017.

Volume for our Black Oil segment increased 1% during fiscal  2018  compared  to 2017. This volume increase is attributable to the increased amount of
product which was processed through our facilities in Columbus, Ohio and Marrero, Louisiana during the period ended December 31, 2018, as compared to the
same period in 2017. Our per barrel margin in the Black Oil segment increased approximately 61% for the year ended December 31,  2018 from the same period
in 2017. The increase in margins was due to the changes made in our street collections and third party purchasing in connection with our focus on lowering the
prices paid to generators and suppliers for used motor oil during 2018. As volumes and production increase in our Black Oil segment it often takes a few quarters
to recognize increased additional per barrel margin. This is because of the fact that when we move into a new geographic location it takes us a period of time
before we are able to realize and benefit from economies of scale. In addition we have seen improvement in our finished product quality as well as pricing in 2018
versus 2017.

Our Black Oil segment, which includes our TCEP facility, the Marrero facility and the Heartland facility, generated revenues of $ 143,836,981 for the year
ended December 31, 2018, with cost of revenues of $ 116,524,465, producing a gross profit of $ 27,312,516. During the year ended December 31,  2017,  these
revenues were $107,988,551 with cost of revenues of $91,177,121, producing a gross profit of $ 16,811,430. Gross profit increased for the year ended December
31, 2018, compared to 2017, as a result of increased finished product values through our various facilities and diligent management of our street collections and
pricing.

Total  volume  company-wide  was  flat  during  fiscal  2018  compared  to 2017,  and  our  per  barrel  margin  increased  approximately  39%  for  fiscal  2018,
compared  to 2017. This increase was a result of lower prices we paid for feedstock and improved efficiencies at our facilities in Columbus, Ohio and Marrero,
Louisiana as well as the overall impact from the improvement in commodity markets during 2018.

Our Refining and Marketing segment experienced an increase in production of 24% for its fuel oil cutterstock product for the year ended December 31,
2018,  compared  to  the  same  period  in  2017,  and  our  fuel  oil  cutterstock  commodity  prices  increased  approximately  30%  over  the  same  period.  The  average
posting (U.S. Gulfcoast No. 2 Waterborne) during 2018 increased

56

EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

 
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
 
 
   
   
   
 
   
   
   
 
 
   
   
   
 
   
   
   
$19.05 per barrel from $63.42 per barrel for the year ended December 31, 2017 to $82.47 per barrel for the year ended December 31, 2018.

Our pygas production decreased 25% for the year ended December 31,  2018, compared to the same period in  2017 and commodity prices increased

approximately 17% for our pygas finished product for 2018, compared to the same period in  2017.

Our gasoline blendstock volumes decreased 5% for the year ended December 31,  2018  as  compared  to 2017.    The  average  posting  (U.S.  Gulfcoast
Unleaded  87  Waterborne)  during 2018  increased  $0.27  per  gallon  from  $1.62  per  gallon  for  2017  to  $1.89  per  gallon  during  2018.  The  overall  increase  in
revenues  associated  with  our  Refining  and  Marketing  segment  was  due  to  increases  in  certain  volumes  as  well  as  commodity  prices  for  the  year  ended
December 31, 2018.

Overall  volume  for  the  Refining  and  Marketing  segment  decreased  9%  during  the  year  ended  December  31,  2018,  compared  to  the  year  ended
December  31, 2017.  Margins  per  barrel  decreased  in  the  Refining  and  Marketing  segment  as  a  result  of  market  conditions  during  2018. Whenever  there  is  a
sharp drop in commodity prices, as we saw during the fourth quarter of 2018, the inventory we have on hand is exposed to these market changes and our gross
profit is typically negatively impacted in the short term, while prices are adjusted and the higher priced inventory is liquidated.

During  the  year  ended  December  31,  2018,  our  Refining  and  Marketing  cost  of  revenues  were  $ 22,290,277,  of  which  the  processing  costs  for  our
Refining and Marketing business located at KMTEX were $2,331,719. Revenues for the same period were $22,935,482 while gross profit from operations was
$645,205. During the year ended December 31,  2017, our Refining and Marketing cost of revenues were $ 18,425,195, which included the processing costs at
KMTEX of $1,992,433. Revenues for the same period were $20,097,325 while gross profit was  $1,672,130.

Our  Recovery  segment  includes  the  business  operations  of  Vertex  Recovery  Management  as  well  as  our  Group  III  base  oil  business.  Vertex  acts  as
Penthol’s exclusive agent to provide marketing, sales, and logistical duties of Group III base oil from the United Arab Emirates to the United States.  Revenues for
this segment decreased during 2018 as compared to the same period in  2017. This segment periodically participates in project work that is not ongoing, thus we
expect to see fluctuations in revenue and gross profit from period to period. These projects are typically bid related and can  take time to line out and get started;
however we believe these are very good projects for the Company and we anticipate more in the upcoming periods.

Prevailing prices of certain commodity products can significantly impact our revenues and cash flows. As noted above the revenue variances from fiscal

2017 to 2018 were largely impacted due to the changes in commodity pricing between the two periods as detailed below.

The following table sets forth the high and low spot prices during  2018 for our key benchmarks.

2018

Benchmark

High

Date

Low

Date

U.S. Gulfcoast No. 2 Waterborne (dollars per gallon)

U.S. Gulfcoast Unleaded 87 Waterborne (dollars per
gallon)

  $

  $

U.S. Gulfcoast Residual Fuel No. 6 3% (dollars per barrel)

  $

NYMEX Crude Oil (dollars per barrel)
Reported in Platt's US Marketscan (Gulf Coast)

  $

2.32  

2.20  

73.42  

76.41  

October 1   $

1.50  

December 28

October 3   $

October 9   $

October 1   $

1.26  

47.27  

44.61  

December 27

December 27

December 27

57

EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

   
   
   
   
 
 
 
 
The following table sets forth the high and low spot prices during  2017 for our key benchmarks.

2017

Benchmark

High

Date

Low

Date

U.S. Gulfcoast No. 2 Waterborne (dollars per gallon)

U.S. Gulfcoast Unleaded 87 Waterborne (dollars per
gallon)

  $

  $

U.S. Gulfcoast Residual Fuel No. 6 3% (dollars per barrel)

  $

NYMEX Crude Oil (dollars per barrel)
Reported in Platt's US Marketscan (Gulf Coast)

  $

1.89  

2.06  

57.37  

60.42  

December 29   $

1.22  

August 31   $

November 6   $

December 29   $

1.41  

39.42  

42.53  

June 23

June 22

June 21

June 21

We saw on average a fairly stable market in each of the benchmark commodities we track during  2018 and 2017. During 2017 and the first half of 2018,
the commodity markets experienced a steady increase due to overall global economic conditions mostly related to supply and demand for the products we track,
however, during the last 3 months of 2018, where each of the commodities hit their respective lows for the year, we saw a pretty sharp decline.

Our margins are a function of the difference between what we are able to pay for raw materials and the market prices for the range of products produced.
The various petroleum products produced are typically a function of Crude Oil indices and are quoted on multiple exchanges such as the New York Mercantile
Exchange  (“NYMEX”).    These  prices  are  determined  by  a  global  market  and  can  be  influenced  by  many  factors,  including  but  not  limited  to  supply/demand,
weather,  politics,  and  global/regional  inventory  levels.  As  such,  we  cannot  provide  any  assurances  regarding  results  of  operations  for  any  future  periods,  as
numerous factors outside of our control affect the prices paid for raw materials and the prices (for the most part keyed to the NYMEX) that can be charged for
such  products.  Additionally,  for  the  near  term,  results  of  operations  will  be  subject  to  further  uncertainty,  as  the  global  markets  and  exchanges,  including  the
NYMEX, continue to experience volatility.

Gross profit increased 38% to $29,406,622 for the year ended December 31,  2018 from $21,272,603 for the year ended December 31,  2017,  primarily
due  to  improvements  in  finished  product  values  during  2018,  as  well  as  continued  changes  in  our  business,  specifically  around  our  street  collections  of  used
motor oil where we continue to grow our collections of used motor oil and filters, and improvement in commodity prices during 2018.

We  had  selling,  general  and  administrative  expenses  of  $ 21,927,264  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2018,  compared  to  $21,685,542  for  the  prior
year’s  period,  an  increase  of  $241,722  or 1%  from  the  prior  period,  due  to  an  increase  in  additional  selling,  general  and  administrative  expenses  incurred  in
connection with new acquisitions and expansion of business.

We had total other expense of $ 2,471,927 for the year ended December 31,  2018, compared to total other expense of $1,356,285  for  the  year  ended
December  31, 2017. The main reason for the change in other expense during 2018 was the $ 763,716 and $ 2,120,584 of gain on change in value of derivative
liability for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, in connection with certain warrants granted in June 2015 and May 2016, as described in
greater  detail  in  "Note  14.  Preferred  Stock  and  Temporary  Equity "  to  the  consolidated  financial  statements  included  herein  under  " Part  II"-"Item  8-  Financial
Statements and Supplementary Data".

We had a loss before income taxes of $ 1,983,579 for the year ended December 31,  2018 compared to a loss before income taxes of $ 8,412,548 for the
year  ended  December  31, 2017,  a  76%  decrease.    The  decrease  in  net  loss  before  taxes  was  primarily  due  to  higher  commodity  prices  as  well  as  increased
direct collection volumes of product into our facilities during the year.

We had no income tax benefit during the 12 month period ended December 31,  2018,  compared  to  an  income  tax  benefit  of  $ 274,423  during  the  12

month period ended December 31, 2017.

We had a net loss attributable to Vertex Energy, Inc. of $ 2,217,767 for the year ended December 31,  2018 compared to a net loss of $ 8,433,233 for the

year ended December 31, 2017, a decrease in net loss of $ 6,215,466 or 74% from the prior period for the reasons described above.

We had a net loss available to common stockholders of $8,037,304 for the year ended December 31, 2018, compared to a net loss available to common

stockholders of $11,824,602 for the year ended December 31, 2017. The decrease in loss was

58

EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

   
   
   
   
 
 
 
 
primarily due to higher commodity prices as well as increased direct collection volumes of product into our facilities during the current year.

Our  revenues  and  cost  of  revenues  are  significantly  impacted  by  fluctuations  in  commodity  prices;  decreases  in  commodity  prices  typically  result  in
decreases in revenue and cost of revenues.  Our gross profit is to a large extent a function of the market discount we are able to obtain in purchasing feedstock,
as well as how efficiently management conducts operations.

Set forth below, we have disclosed a quarter-by-quarter summary of our statements of operations and statements of operations by segment information

for the quarters ended December 31, September 30, June 30, and March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

Statements of Operations by Quarter

Fiscal 2018

Fiscal 2017

Fourth

Quarter

Third

Quarter

Second

Quarter

First

Quarter

Fourth

Quarter

Third

Quarter

Second

Quarter

First

Quarter

$

41,801,748

  $

50,632,948

  $

36,879,263

42,593,367

46,917,770   $
36,796,258  

41,368,195   $
35,045,151  

41,345,248   $
33,362,445  

32,470,451   $
28,696,461  

36,912,779   $
31,466,029  

34,770,614

30,701,554

4,922,485

8,039,581

10,121,512  

6,323,044  

7,982,803  

3,773,990  

5,446,750  

4,069,060

5,258,572

1,756,996

7,015,568

(2,093,083)

5,658,659

1,806,839

7,465,498

574,083

5,364,591  
1,733,076  
7,097,667  
3,023,845  

5,645,442  
1,694,099  
7,339,541  
(1,016,497)  

5,405,047  
1,700,413  
7,105,460  
877,343  

5,690,761  
1,697,821  
7,388,582  
(3,614,592)  

5,359,897  
1,645,030  
7,004,927  
(1,558,177)  

5,229,837

1,600,060

6,829,897

(2,760,837)

Revenues

Cost of revenues

Gross profit

Selling, general and administrative
expenses

Depreciation and amortization

Total operating expenses

Income (loss) from operations

Other income (expense)

Interest income

Gain(loss) Asset Sales

2,277  
(26,399)  

384,769  

(618,448)  
(257,801)  

1,952

(13,100)

920,672

(1,336,487)

(426,963)

(3,187,800)

—

(3,187,800)

—  

(5,970)

—  
—  

659  
8,843  

—  
42,680  

—  
14,251  

1,519  
25,693  

Gain on change in value of derivative
liability

Interest expense

2,888,687

(2,169,133)

(833,084)

(798,800)

Total other income (expense)

2,049,633

(2,967,933)

475,913  

(847,456)  
(362,041)  

(431,751)  

(556,318)  

1,371,461  

(802,515)  
(1,191,586)  

(794,668)  
(1,336,735)  

(733,459)  
665,214  

Income (loss) before income taxes

(43,450)

(2,393,850)

Income tax benefit

Net income (loss)

—  

—  

(43,450)

(2,393,850)

2,661,804  
—  
2,661,804  

(2,208,083)  
—  
(2,208,083)  

(459,392)  
274,423  
(184,969)  

(2,949,378)  
—  
(2,949,378)  

(1,815,978)  
—  
(1,815,978)  

Net income (loss)attributable to non-
controlling interest

Net income (loss)attributable to Vertex
Energy, Inc.

Number of weighted average common
shares outstanding

Basic

Diluted

157,883

(105,970)

131,736  

50,539  

200,418  

34,554  

51,528  

8,607

$

(201,333)

  $

(2,287,880)

  $

2,530,068   $

(2,258,622)   $

(385,387)   $

(2,983,932)   $

(1,867,506)   $

(3,196,407)

40,062,779

35,144,113

40,062,779

35,144,113

33,300,456  
37,013,651  

33,063,732  
33,063,732  

32,657,680  
32,657,680  

32,655,135  
32,655,135  

32,350,218  
32,350,218  

32,953,812

32,953,812

59

EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
 
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
 
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
 
 
 
 
Statements of Operations by Quarters

Fiscal 2018

Fiscal 2017

Fourth

Quarter

Third

Quarter

Second

Quarter

First

Quarter

Fourth

Quarter

Third

Quarter

Second

Quarter

First

Quarter

$

$

$

$

$

$

32,730,540

  $

40,400,064

  $

27,280,433

32,550,126

5,450,107

  $

7,849,938

  $

38,469,131   $
29,723,927  
8,745,204   $

32,237,246   $
26,969,978  
5,267,268   $

30,441,750   $
24,323,240  
6,118,510   $

25,358,317   $
22,016,825  
3,341,492   $

27,384,402   $
22,967,478  
4,416,924   $

24,804,083

21,869,577

2,934,506

5,553,741

  $

7,313,630

  $

5,972,018

7,044,218

4,392,870   $
4,034,509  

5,675,241   $
5,239,532  

4,660,406   $
4,222,872  

4,856,520   $
4,850,354  

5,186,358   $
4,704,353  

5,394,041

4,647,616

(418,277)

  $

269,412

  $

358,361   $

435,709   $

437,534   $

6,166   $

482,005   $

746,425

3,517,467

  $

2,919,254

  $

3,626,812

2,999,023

(109,345)

  $

(79,769)

  $

4,055,769   $
3,037,821  
1,017,948   $

3,455,708   $
2,835,641  

620,067   $

6,243,092   $
4,816,333  
1,426,759   $

2,255,614   $
1,829,282  

4,342,019   $
3,794,197  

4,572,490

4,184,361

426,332   $

547,822   $

388,129

Black Oil

Revenues

Cost of revenues

Gross profit (loss)

Refining & Marketing

Revenues

Cost of revenues

Gross profit (loss)

Recovery

Revenues

Cost of revenues

Gross profit (loss)

The below graph charts our total quarterly revenue over time from March 31,  2017 to December 31, 2018:

Liquidity and Capital Resources

The success of our current business operations has become more dependent on repairs, and maintenance to our facilities and our ability to make routine
capital  expenditures. We  also  must  maintain  relationships  with  feedstock  suppliers  and  end  product  customers,  and  operate  with  efficient  management  of
overhead costs. Through these relationships, we have historically been able to achieve volume discounts in the procurement of our feedstock, thereby increasing
the margins of our segments' operations.  The resulting operating cash flow is crucial to the viability and growth of our existing business lines.

We  had  total  assets  of  $84,160,408  as  of  December  31,  2018  compared  to $84,305,474  at  December  31, 2017.    This  decrease  was  mainly  due  to
increases  in  accumulated  depreciation  as  a  result  of  our  depreciable  assets  being  one  year.    Total  current  assets  as  of  December  31, 2018  of  $23,542,912
include cash and cash equivalents of $1,349,831, current restricted cash of $1,500,000, described below, accounts receivable, net, of $ 9,027,990, federal income
tax receivable of $137,212, inventory of $8,091,397, derivative commodity asset of $695,941 in connection with our commodity derivative instruments, and prepaid
expenses of $2,740,541.  Total current assets as of December 31,  2017 of $20,471,452 include cash and cash equivalents of

60

EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
 
 
 
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
 
 
 
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
 
 
$1,105,787, accounts receivable, net, of $ 11,288,991, inventory of $ 6,304,842 and prepaid expenses of $ 1,771,832. Long term assets as of December 31,  2018
consisted of fixed assets, net, of $47,285,007, net intangible assets in the amount of $ 12,578,519 which primarily represents the value of the Company’s patents,
other assets of $616,759, and $137,211 of deferred tax asset. Long term assets as of December 31,  2017 consisted of fixed assets, net, of $ 48,619,828,  net
intangible assets in the amount of $14,499,354 which primarily represents the value of the Company’s patents, other assets of $ 440,417 and deferred tax assets
of $274,423. Net fixed assets decreased $1,334,821 as a result of accumulated depreciation in the normal course of business offset by asset acquisitions during
the year.

In November 2018, we placed $1.5 million in a letter of credit to serve as collateral for acquiring products. The transaction did not materialize and the full
amount was released to us and received in February 2019. The amount is recorded as restricted cash in our consolidated balance sheet as of December 31,
2018.

Our  cash,  accounts  receivable,  inventory  and   accounts  payable  fluctuate  and  are  somewhat  tied  to  one  another  based  on  the  timing  of  our  inventory

cycles and sales.

We had total current liabilities of $ 16,995,611 as of December 31,  2018, compared to $16,947,904 at December 31, 2017. This increase was largely due
to  a  decrease  in  the  amount  due  under  the  terms  of  our  revolving  note  and  further  reductions  in  the  current  portion  of  long-term  debt  during  the  year  ended
December  31, 2018. Accounts payable and accrued expenses totaled $ 11,326,876  as  of  December  31,  2018,  compared  to  $10,318,738  as  of  December  31,
2017. The current portion of long-term debt including the revolving note, totaled  $5,169,876 as of December 31,  2018, compared to $6,208,453 as of December
31, 2017. The long-term portion of debt totaled $ 14,402,179, as of December 31, 2018, compared to $ 13,531,179, as of December 31,  2017. We had $95,857 of
current portion of capital lease liabilities as of December 31, 2018 compared to $0 as of December 31,  2017. The operating cash flow is the main reason for the
overall change.

We had total liabilities of $ 33,171,401 as of December 31,  2018, including current liabilities of $ 16,995,611 and long-term liabilities of $ 16,175,790, which
included  $14,402,179  of  long-term  debt  representing  the  term  loan  with  Encina  (discussed  below),  and  $ 1,481,692  of  derivative  liability  related  to  warrants
granted in connection with our Series B and B1 Preferred Stock.

We had working capital of $ 6,547,301 as of December 31,  2018, compared to working capital of $3,523,548 as of December 31,  2017. The increase in

working capital is mainly due to the increase in our current assets in our operations.

Our future operating cash flows will vary based on a number of factors, many of which are beyond our control, including commodity prices, the cost of
recovered  oil,  and  the  ability  to  turn  our  inventory.    Other  factors  that  have  affected  and  are  expected  to  continue  to  affect  earnings  and  cash  flow  are
transportation,  processing,  and  storage  costs.    Over  the  long  term,  our  operating  cash  flows  will  also  be  impacted  by  our  ability  to  effectively  manage  our
administrative and operating costs. Additionally, we may incur future capital expenditures related to new refining facilities.

The Company financed insurance premiums through various financial institutions bearing interest rates from 4.00% to 4.52%. All such premium finance

agreements have maturities of less than one year and have a balance of $999,152 at December 31, 2018.

On  March  1,  2018,  the  Company  obtained  one  capital  lease.  Payments  are  $908  per  month  for  the  three  years  and  the  amount  of  the  capital  lease

obligation was $22,390 at December 31, 2018.

On  May  29,  2018,  the  Company  obtained  one  capital  lease.  Payments  are  $26,305  per  quarter  for  four  years  and  the  amount  of  the  capital  lease

obligation was $349,822 at December 31, 2018.

Credit and Guaranty Agreement and Revolving Credit Facility with Encina Business Credit, LLC

Effective  February  1,  2017,  we,  Vertex  Operating,  and  substantially  all  of our  other  operating  subsidiaries,  other  than  E-Source,  entered  into  a  Credit
Agreement (the “EBC Credit Agreemen t”) with Encina Business Credit, LLC as agent (the “ Agent” or “EBC”) and Encina Business Credit SPV, LLC and CrowdOut
Capital LLC as lenders thereunder (the “EBC Lenders”). Pursuant to the EBC Credit Agreement, and the terms thereof, the EBC Lenders agreed to loan us up to
$20 million, provided that the amount outstanding under the EBC Credit Agreement at any time cannot exceed 50% of the value of the operating plant facilities
and related machinery and equipment owned by us (not including E-Source).

61

EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

 
Amounts borrowed under the EBC Credit Agreement bear interest at 12%, 13% or 14% per annum, based on the ratio of (a) (i) consolidated EBITDA for
such applicable period minus (ii) capital expenditures made during such period, minus (iii) the aggregate amount of income taxes paid in cash during such period
(but not less than zero) to (b) the sum of (i) debt service charges plus (ii) the aggregate amount of all dividend or other distributions paid on capital stock in cash
for the most recently completed 12 month period (which ratio falls into one of the three following tiers: less than 1 to 1; from 1 to 1 to less than 1.45 to 1; or equal
to or greater than 1.45 to 1, which together with the value below, determines which interest rate is applicable) and average availability under the Revolving Credit
Agreement (defined below) (which falls into two tiers: less than $2.5 million and greater than or equal to $2.5 million, which together with the calculation above,
determines which interest rate is applicable), as described in greater detail in the EBC Credit Agreement (increasing by 2% per annum upon the occurrence of an
event of default). Interest on amounts borrowed under the EBC Credit Agreement is payable by us in arrears, on the first business day of each month, beginning
on the first business day of the first full month following the closing, together with required $75,000 monthly principal repayments. We also have the right to make
voluntary repayments of the amount owed under the EBC Credit Agreement in amounts equal to or greater than $100,000, from time to time. The interest rate is
12% at December 31, 2018.

The EBC Credit Agreement terminates on February 1, 2020, on which date we are required to repay the outstanding balance owed thereunder and any

accrued and unpaid interest thereon.

The amounts borrowed under the EBC Credit Agreement are guaranteed by us and our subsidiaries, other than E-Source, pursuant to a Guaranty and
Security Agreement (the “Guaranty and Security Agreement ”), whereby we also pledged substantially all of our assets and all of the securities of our subsidiaries
(other than E-Source) as collateral securing the amount due under the terms of the EBC Credit Agreement. We also provided EBC mortgages on our Marrero,
Louisiana, and Columbus, Ohio facilities to secure the repayment of outstanding amounts and agreed to provide mortgages on certain other real property to be
delivered post-closing. The post-closing mortgage properties provided were in Baytown, Pflugerville and Corpus Christi, Texas.

The EBC Credit Agreement contains customary representations, warranties and requirements for the Company to indemnify the EBC Lenders and their
affiliates.  The  EBC  Credit  Agreement  also  includes  various  covenants  (positive  and  negative)  binding  upon  the  Company,  including,  prohibiting  us  from
undertaking  acquisitions  or  dispositions  unless  they  meet  the  criteria  set  forth  in  the  EBC  Credit  Agreement,  not  incurring  any  capital  expenditures  in  amount
exceeding $3 million in any fiscal year that the EBC Credit Agreement is in place, and requiring us to maintain at least $2.5 million of borrowing availability under
the Revolving Credit Agreement (defined below) in any 30 day period. As of December 31, 2018, the borrowing availability was $3,408,448, and the Company
was in compliance with all covenants thereunder.

The EBC Credit Agreement includes customary events of default for facilities of a similar nature and size as the EBC Credit Agreement, including if an
event of default occurs under any agreement evidencing $500,000 or more of indebtedness of the Company; we fail to make any payment when due under any
material agreement; subject to certain exceptions, any judgment is entered against the Company in an amount exceeding $500,000; and also provides that an
event of default occurs if a change in control of the Company occurs, which includes if (a) Benjamin P. Cowart, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer, Chairman
of the Board and largest shareholder and Chris Carlson, the Chief Financial Officer of the Company, cease to own and control legally and beneficially, collectively,
either directly or indirectly, equity securities in Vertex Energy, Inc., representing more than 15% of the combined voting power of all securities entitled to vote for
members  of  the  board  of  directors  or  equivalent  on  a  fully-diluted  basis,  (b)  the  acquisition  of  ownership,  directly  or  indirectly,  beneficially  or  of  record,  by  any
person or group of securities representing more than 30% of the aggregate ordinary voting power represented by the issued and outstanding securities of Vertex
Energy, Inc., or (c) during any period of 12 consecutive months, a majority of the members of the board of directors of the Company cease to be composed of
individuals (i) who were members of that board or equivalent governing body on the first day of such period, (ii) whose election or nomination to that board or
equivalent governing body was approved by individuals referred to in clause (i) above constituting at the time of such election or nomination at least a majority of
that  board  or  equivalent  governing  body  or  (iii)  whose  election  or  nomination  to  that  board  or  other  equivalent  governing  body  was  approved  by  individuals
referred  to  in  clauses  (i)  and  (ii)  above  constituting  at  the  time  of  such  election  or  nomination  at  least  a  majority  of  that  board  or  equivalent  governing  body
(collectively  “Events  of  Default ”).  An  event  of  default  under  the  Revolving  Credit  Agreement  (defined  below),  is  also  an  event  of  default  under  the  EBC  Credit
Agreement.

Effective February 1, 2017, we, Vertex Operating and substantially all of our operating subsidiaries, other than E-Source, entered into a Revolving Credit
Agreement (the “Revolving Credit Agreement ”) with Encina Business Credit SPV, LLC as lender (“ Encina”) and EBC as the administrative agent. Pursuant to the
Revolving Credit Agreement, and the terms thereof, Encina agreed to loan us, on a revolving basis, up to $10 million, subject to the terms of the Revolving Credit
Agreement and certain lending ratios set forth therein, which provide that the amount outstanding thereunder cannot exceed an amount equal to the total of (a)
the lesser of (A) the value (as calculated in the Revolving Credit Agreement) of our inventory which are raw materials or finished goods that are merchantable and
readily  saleable  to  the  public  in  the  ordinary  course  of  our  business  (“EBC  Eligible  Inventory”),  net  of  certain  inventory  reserves,  multiplied  by  85%  of  the
appraised value of EBC Eligible Inventory, or (B) the value (as calculated

62

EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

    
        
        
    
    
in the Revolving Credit Agreement) of EBC Eligible Inventory, net of certain inventory reserves, multiplied by 65%, subject to a ceiling of $4 million, plus (b) the
face amount of certain accounts receivables (net of certain reserves applicable thereto) multiplied by 85% (subject to adjustment as provided in the Revolving
Credit Agreement); minus (c) the then-current amount of certain reserves that the agent may determine necessary for the Company to maintain. At December  31,
2018, the maximum amount available to be borrowed was $3,408,448, based on the above borrowing base calculation.

Amounts borrowed under the Revolving Credit Agreement bear interest, subject to the terms of the Revolving Credit Agreement, at the one month LIBOR
interest  rate  then  in  effect,  subject  to  a  floor  of  0.25%  (which  interest  rate  is  currently  approximately  2.35%  per  annum),  plus  an  additional  6.50%  per  annum
(increasing  by  2%  per  annum  upon  the  occurrence  of  an  event  of  default),  provided  that  under  certain  circumstances  amounts  borrowed  bear  interest  at  the
higher of (a) the “prime rate”; (b) the Federal Funds Rate, plus 0.50%; and (c) the LIBOR Rate for a one month interest period, plus 1.00%. Interest on amounts
borrowed under the Revolving Credit Agreement is payable by us in arrears, on the first business day of each month, beginning on the first business day of the
first full month following the closing.

The Revolving Credit Agreement terminates on February 1, 2020, on which date we are required to repay the outstanding balance owed thereunder and
any accrued and unpaid interest thereon. Borrowings under a revolving credit agreement that contain a subjective acceleration clause and also require a borrower
to  maintain  a  lockbox  with  the  lender  (whereby  lockbox  receipts  may  be  applied  to  reduce  the  amount  outstanding  under  the  revolving  credit  agreement)  are
considered short-term obligations. As a result, the debt is classified as a current liability at December 31, 2018.

The amounts borrowed under the Revolving Credit Agreement are guaranteed by us and our subsidiaries, other than E-Source, pursuant to a separate
Guaranty and Security Agreement, similar to the EBC Credit Agreement, described in greater detail above. We also provided Encina mortgages on our Marrero,
Louisiana, and Columbus, Ohio facilities to secure the repayment of outstanding amounts.

The Revolving Credit Agreement contains customary representations, warranties and requirements for the Company to indemnify Encina and its affiliates.
The Revolving Credit Agreement also includes various covenants (positive and negative) binding upon the Company, including, prohibiting us from undertaking
acquisitions or dispositions unless they meet the criteria set forth in the Revolving Credit Agreement, not incurring any capital expenditures in amount exceeding
$3 million in any fiscal year that the Revolving Credit Agreement is in place, and requiring us to maintain at least $2.5 million of borrowing availability under the
Revolving Credit Agreement at any time.

The  Revolving  Credit  Agreement  includes  customary  events  of  default  for  facilities  of  a  similar  nature  and  size  as  the  Revolving  Credit  Agreement,

including the same Events of Default as are described above under the description of the EBC Credit Agreement.

A total of $11,282,537 of the amount initially borrowed under the EBC Credit Agreement and Revolving Credit Agreement was used to repay amounts
owed under (a) a Restated Credit Agreement with Goldman Sachs Bank, (b) our loan agreement with MidCap Business Credit LLC; and (c) amounts owed under
another note provided to us by a third party, all of which have been repaid in full as of the date of this filing. Additionally, in connection with the repayment of such
obligations,  the  Restated  Goldman  Credit  Agreement  and  MidCap  Business  Credit  LLC  Loan  Agreement,  and  our  right  to  borrow  funds  thereunder  were
terminated.

The balance of the EBC Credit Agreement and the Revolving Credit Agreement as of  December 31, 2018 are $15,350,000 and $ 3,844,636, respectively.

Texas Citizens Bank Loan Agreement

The Company had notes payable to Texas Citizens Bank bearing interest at 5.50% per annum, maturing on January 7, 2020. The balance of the notes

payable was $834,283 at December 31, 2017. The note was paid off during the quarter ended September 30, 2018.

Need for additional funding

Our  re-refining  business  will  require  significant  capital  to  design  and  construct  any  new  facilities.  The  facility  infrastructure  would  be  an  additional

capitalized expenditure to these process costs and would depend on the location and site specifics of the facility.

63

EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

Management believes that the amount available under our EBC Credit Agreement and Revolving Credit Agreement, in addition to projected earnings over
the next couple of years, will provide sufficient liquidity to fund our operations for the foreseeable future. If it is necessary, we will seek additional financing for
future operations, acquisitions or other future developments and to repay amounts owed to our creditors or to redeem our outstanding preferred securities. The
required funds may be raised through the sale of common stock, preferred stock, debt, or convertible debt, which may include the grant of warrants. Our inability
to obtain sufficient funds from external sources when such funds are needed will have a material adverse effect on our plan of operations, results of operations
and financial condition.

Additionally, as part of our ongoing efforts to maintain a capital structure that is closely aligned with what we believe to be the potential of our business
and  goals  for  future  growth,  which  is  subject  to  cyclical  changes  in  commodity  prices,  we  will  be  exploring  additional  sources  of  external  liquidity. The
receptiveness of the capital markets to an offering of debt or equities cannot be assured and may be negatively impacted by, among other things, debt maturities,
current market conditions, and potential stockholder dilution. The sale of additional securities, if undertaken by us and if accomplished, may result in dilution to our
shareholders. However, such future financing may not be available in amounts or on terms acceptable to us, or at all.

In addition to the above, we may also seek to acquire additional businesses or assets. In addition, the Company could consider selling assets if a more
strategic  acquisition  presents  itself.  Finally,  in  the  event  we  deem  such  transaction  in  our  best  interest,  we  may  enter  into  a  business  combination  or  similar
transaction in the future.

There is currently only a limited market for our common stock, and as such, we anticipate that such market will be illiquid, sporadic and subject to wide

fluctuations in response to several factors moving forward, including, but not limited to:

(1)    actual or anticipated variations in our results of operations;

(2)    the market for, and volatility in, the market for oil and gas;

(3)    our ability or inability to generate new revenues; and

(4)    the number of shares in our public float.

Furthermore,  because  our  common  stock  is  traded  on  the  NASDAQ  Capital  Market,  our  stock  price  may  be  impacted  by  factors  that  are  unrelated  or
disproportionate  to  our  operating  performance.  These  market  fluctuations,  as  well  as  general  economic,  political  and  market  conditions,  such  as  recessions,
interest rates or international currency fluctuations may adversely affect the market price of our common stock. Additionally, at present, we have a limited number
of shares in our public float, and as a result, there could be extreme fluctuations in the price of our common stock.

We believe that our stock prices (bid, ask and closing prices) may not relate to the actual value of our company, and may not reflect the actual value of
our common stock. Shareholders and potential investors in our common stock should exercise caution before making an investment in our common stock, and
should not rely on the publicly quoted or traded stock prices in determining our common stock value, but should instead determine the value of our common stock
based on the information contained in our public reports, industry information, and those business valuation methods commonly used to value private companies.

Cash flows for the fiscal year ended December 31,  2018 compared to the fiscal year ended December 31,  2017 were as follows:

Beginning cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash

Net cash provided by (used in):
Operating activities
Investing activities
Financing activities

Net increase in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash

Ending cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash

64

Twelve Months Ended December 31,

2018

2017

1,105,787   $

3,206,158

5,376,287  
(2,768,943)  
(863,300)  

1,744,044  

2,849,831   $

(2,963,191)
(3,797,529)
4,660,349

(2,100,371)

1,105,787

$

$

EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

 
 
 
 
   
Operating activities provided cash of $5,376,287 for the year ended December 31,  2018 as compared to using cash of $ 2,963,191  in 2017. Our  primary
sources  of  liquidity  are  cash  flows  from  our  operations  and  the  availability  to  borrow  funds  under  our  credit  and  loan  facilities,  as  well  as  private  sales  of
securities.   The primary reason for the increase in cash provided by operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2018, compared to the same period in
2017,  was  the  decrease  in  net  loss,  accounts  receivable  and  increase  in  prepaid  expenses,  offset  by  the  gain  on  commodity  derivative  contracts,  and  the
increase in inventory.

Investing activities used cash of $ 2,768,943  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2018  as  compared  to  using  cash  of  $ 3,797,529  in 2017  due  mainly  to

acquisitions made during 2017.

Financing activities used cash of $ 863,300 during the twelve months ended December 31,  2018, as compared to providing cash of $ 4,660,349  in 2017.
The  financing  activities  were  comprised  of  note  proceeds  of  approximately  $4.0  million  offset  by  an  approximate  $4.0  million  pay  down  of  our  long-term  debt.
During 2017, the financing activities were comprised of net payments of debt issuance costs of approximately $1.7 million, and note proceeds of approximately
$17.5 million (in connection with our entry into the EBC Credit Agreement and Revolving Credit Agreement), offset by an approximate $13.0 million pay down of
our long-term debt (relating to amounts paid under the Goldman Credit Agreement and Midcap Loan Agreement).

Contractual Obligations

Future maturities of long term debt as of December 31,  2018 and December 31,  2017 were as follows:

Creditor

Loan Type

Origination Date

Maturity Date

Loan Amount

  December 31, 2018 December 31, 2017

Encina Business Credit,
LLC
Encina Business Credit
SPV, LLC
Tetra Capital Lease
Wells Fargo Equipment
Lease
Texas Citizens Bank

Various institutions

Total

Deferred finance costs,
net

Total, net of deferred
finance costs, net

  Term Loan

  February 1, 2017

  February 1, 2020   $

20,000,000   $

15,350,000 $

14,750,000

  Revolving Note
  Capital Lease

  February 1, 2017
  May, 2018

  February 1, 2020   $
  $
  May, 2018

10,000,000  
419,690  

3,844,636
349,822

  Capital Lease
  Term Note

Insurance premiums
financed

  March, 2018
  January, 2015

  March, 2021
  January, 2020

  Various

  < 1 year

  $
  $

  $

30,408  
2,045,500  

22,390
—

4,591,527
—

—
834,283

2,902,428  

999,152

803,392

20,566,000

20,979,202

(621,733)

(1,239,570)

  $

19,944,267 $

19,739,632

Future contractual maturities on notes payable are summarized as follows:

Creditor

2019

2020

2021

2022

2023

Thereafter

Encina Business Credit, LLC
Encina Business Credit SPV, LLC

Tetra Capital Lease
Wells Fargo Equipment Lease
Various institutions

Totals
Deferred finance costs, net

  $

900,000   $

14,450,000   $

3,844,636  

85,808  
10,049  
999,152  

5,839,645  
(573,912)  

—  

91,779  
10,537  
—  

14,552,316  
(47,821)  

—   $
—  

—   $
—  

98,167  
1,804  
—  

99,971  
—  

74,068  
—  
—  

74,068  
—  

—   $
—  

—  
—  
—  

—  
—  

Totals, net of deferred finance costs

  $

5,265,733   $

14,504,495   $

99,971   $

74,068   $

—   $

—
—

—
—
—

—
—

—

65

EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

 
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
   
 
   
   
   
   
 
   
   
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The  Company  has  various  leases  for  office  facilities,  plant  facilities  and  vehicles  which  are  classified  as  operating  leases,  and  which  expire  at  various

times through 2032. Total rent expense for all operating leases for 2018 and 2017 is summarized as follows:

Office leases
Plant leases
Vehicle and equipment leases

Minimum future lease commitments as of December 31,  2018, are summarized as follows:  

2018

2017

  $

  $

773,282   $

4,093,800  
392,623  

5,259,705   $

744,154
4,123,600
363,616

5,231,370

Year ending December 31

2019
2020
2021
2022
2023

Thereafter

Office Facilities  

Vehicles

Plant Leases

Total

$

727,028   $
549,264  
433,909  
314,000  
300,000  

219,248   $
161,538  
161,538  
31,094  
—  

4,044,000   $
4,044,000  
4,044,000  
3,666,000  
1,132,000  

2,975,000  

—  

—  

4,990,276
4,754,802
4,639,447
4,011,094
1,432,000

2,975,000

$

5,299,201   $

573,418   $

16,930,000   $

22,802,619

Critical Accounting Policies and Use of Estimates

Our financial statements are prepared in accordance with GAAP. The preparation of these financial statements requires management to make estimates
and  judgments  that  affect  the  reported  amounts  of  assets,  liabilities,  revenues  and  expenses.  Management  regularly  evaluates  its  estimates  and  judgments,
including  those  related  to  revenue  recognition,  goodwill,  intangible  assets,  long-lived  assets  valuation,  and  legal  matters.  Actual  results  may  differ  from  these
estimates. (See Note 2 to the financial statements included herein).

Revenue Recognition.

Revenue is recognized when our performance obligations under the terms of a contract with our customers are satisfied. Recognition occurs when the
Company transfers control by completing the specified services at the point in time the customer benefits from the services performed or once our products are
delivered. Revenue is measured as the amount of consideration we expect to receive in exchange for completing our performance obligations. The nature of the
Company's  contracts  give  rise  to  certain  types  of  variable  consideration.  Accordingly,  management  establishes  a  revenue  allowance  to  cover  the  estimated
amounts  of  revenue  that  may  need  to  be  credited  to  customers'  accounts  in  future  periods.  The  Company  estimates  the  amount  of  variable  consideration  to
include  in  the  estimated  transaction  price  based  on  historical  experience,  anticipated  performance  and  its  best  judgment  at  the  time  and  to  the  extent  it  is
probable that a significant reversal of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur when the uncertainty associated with the variable consideration is resolved.
For time to time, our fuel oil customers in our black oil segment may request that we store product which they purchase from us in our facilities. We recognize
revenues  for  these  “bill  and  hold”  sales  once  the  following  criteria  have  been  met:  (1)  there  is  a  substantive  reason  for  the  arrangement,  (2)  the  product  is
segregated and identified as the customer's asset, (3) the product is ready for delivery to the customer, and (4) we cannot use the product or direct it to another
customer.

Fair value of financial instruments

Under  the  Financial  Accounting  Standards  Board  Accounting  Standards  Codification  (“FASB  ASC”),  we  are  permitted  to  elect  to  measure  financial
instruments and certain other items at fair value, with the change in fair value recorded in earnings. We elected not to measure any eligible items using the fair
value option. Consistent with the Fair Value Measurement Topic of the

66

EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
FASB ASC, we implemented guidelines relating to the disclosure of our methodology for periodic measurement of our assets and liabilities recorded at fair market
value.

Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants
at the measurement date. A three-tier fair value hierarchy prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted
quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (level 1 measurements) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (level 3 measurements).
These tiers include:

•

•

•

Level 1, defined as observable inputs such as quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets;

Level  2,  defined  as  inputs  other  than  quoted  prices  in  active  markets  that  are  either  directly  or  indirectly  observable  such  as  quoted  prices  for  similar
instruments in active markets or quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active; and

Level  3,  defined  as  unobservable  inputs  in  which  little  or  no  market  data  exists,  therefore  requiring  an  entity  to  develop  its  own  assumptions,  such  as
valuations derived from valuation techniques in which one or more significant inputs or significant value drivers are unobservable.

Our Level 1 assets primarily include our cash and cash equivalents. Valuations are obtained from readily available pricing sources for market transactions
involving identical assets or liabilities. The carrying amounts of accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued liabilities approximate their fair values due to
the immediate or short-term maturities of these financial instruments.

Our Level 2 liabilities include our marked to market changes in the estimated value of our open derivative contracts held at the balance sheet date.

Our  Level  3  liabilities  include  our  marked  to  market  changes  in  the  estimated  value  of  our  derivative  warrants  issued  in  connection  with  our  Series  B

Preferred Stock and Series B1 Preferred Stock.

The  Company  estimates  the  fair  values  of  the  crude  oil  swaps  and  collars  based  on  published  forward  commodity  price  curves  for  the  underlying
commodity as of the date of the estimate for which published forward pricing is readily available. The determination of the fair values above incorporates various
factors including the impact of the Company's non-performance risk and the credit standing of the counterparty involved in the Company's derivative contracts. In
addition, the Company routinely monitors the creditworthiness of its counterparty.

Nonfinancial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis include certain nonfinancial assets and liabilities as may be acquired in a

business combination and thereby measured at fair value.

Impairment of long-lived assets

The  Company  evaluates  the  carrying  value  and  recoverability  of  its  long-lived  assets  when  circumstances  warrant  such  evaluation  by  applying  the
provisions  of  the  FASB  ASC  regarding  long-lived  assets.  It  requires  that  long-lived  assets  be  reviewed  for  impairment  whenever  events  or  changes  in
circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable through the estimated undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the
use and eventual disposition of the assets.  Whenever any such impairment exists, an impairment loss will be recognized for the amount by which the carrying
value exceeds the fair value. The Company determined that no long-lived asset impairment existed at December 31,  2018.

Derivative transactions.

All derivative instruments are recorded on the accompanying balance sheets at fair value. These derivative transactions are not designated as cash flow
hedges under FASB ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedges. Accordingly, these derivative contracts are marked-to-market and any changes in the estimated value of
derivative contracts held at the balance sheet date are recognized in the accompanying statements of operations as net gain or loss on derivative contracts. The
derivative  assets  or  liabilities  are  classified  as  either  current  or  noncurrent  assets  or  liabilities  based  on  their  anticipated  settlement  date.  The  Company  nets
derivative assets and liabilities for counterparties where it has a legal right of offset.

The Company, in accordance with ASC 815-40-25 and ASC 815-10-15 Derivatives and Hedging and ASC 480-10-25 Liabilities-Distinguishing from Equity,
convertible preferred shares are accounted for net, outside of shareholders' equity and warrants are accounted for as liabilities at their fair value during periods
where they can be net cash settled in case of a change in

67

EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

control transaction. The warrants are accounted for as a liability at their fair value at each reporting period. The value of the derivative warrant liability will be re-
measured at each reporting period with changes in fair value recorded as earnings. To derive an estimate of the fair value of these warrants, a Dynamic Black
Scholes model is utilized that computes the impact of a possible change in control transaction upon the exercise of the warrant shares. This process relies upon
inputs such as shares outstanding, estimated stock prices, strike price and volatility assumptions to dynamically adjust the payoff of the warrants in the presence
of the dilution effect.

Preferred Stock Classification.

A  mandatorily  redeemable  financial  instrument  shall  be  classified  as  a  liability  unless  the  redemption  is  required  to  occur  only  upon  the  liquidation  or
termination  of  the  reporting  entity. A  financial  instrument  issued  in  the  form  of  shares  is  mandatorily  redeemable  if  it  embodies  an  unconditional  obligation
requiring the issuer to redeem the instrument by transferring its assets at a specified or determinable date (or dates) or upon an event certain to occur. A financial
instrument  that  embodies  a  conditional  obligation  to  redeem  the  instrument  by  transferring  assets  upon  an  event  not  certain  to  occur  becomes  mandatorily
redeemable-and, therefore, becomes a liability-if that event occurs, the condition is resolved, or the event becomes certain to occur. The Series B Preferred Stock
and Series B1 Preferred Stock require the Company to redeem such preferred stock on the fifth anniversary of the issuance of the Series B Preferred Stock and
Series B1 Preferred Stock. SEC reporting requirements provide that any possible redemption outside of the control of the Company requires the preferred stock
to be classified outside of permanent equity.

New Accounting Pronouncements

(a) Application of New Accounting Standards

In  May  2014,  the  FASB  issued  ASU  No.  2014-09,  Revenue  from  Contracts  with  Customers,  which  supersedes  nearly  all  existing  revenue  recognition
guidance under U.S. GAAP. The core principle of ASU No. 2014-09 is to recognize revenues when promised goods or services are transferred to customers in an
amount  that  reflects  the  consideration  to  which  an  entity  expects  to  be  entitled  for  those  goods  or  services.  ASU  No.  2014-09  defines  a  five  step  process  to
achieve this core principle and, in doing so, more judgment and estimates may be required under existing U.S. GAAP. The standard is effective for annual periods
beginning after December 15, 2016, and interim periods therein, using either of the following transition methods: (i) a full retrospective approach reflecting the
application of the standard in each prior reporting period with the option to elect certain practical expedients, or (ii) a retrospective approach with the cumulative
effect of initially adopting ASU No. 2014-09 recognized at the date of adoption (which includes additional footnote disclosures). In July 2015, the FASB issued
ASU  No.  2015-14  which  delayed  the  effective  date  of  ASU  No.  2014-09  by  one  year  (effective  for  annual  periods  beginning  after  December  15,  2017).  The
Company adopted ASU 2014-09 in the first quarter of fiscal 2018 using the modified retrospective method. The adoption of the standard did not have a material
impact  on  our  revenue  recognition  policies,  and  the  Company  has  concluded  that  the  most  significant  impact  of  the  standard  relates  to  the  incremental
disclosures required.

(b) New Accounting Requirements and Disclosures

In  February  2016,  the  FASB  issued  ASU  No.  2016-02,  Leases,  which  requires  lessees  to recognize  the  following  for  all  leases  (with  the  exception  of
short-term leases) at the commencement date: (1) a lease liability, which is a lessee’s obligation to make lease payments arising from a lease, measured on a
discounted basis; and (2) a right-of-use asset, which is an asset that represents the lessee’s right to use, or control the use of, a specified asset for the lease
term. Under ASU No. 2016-02, lessor accounting is largely unchanged. ASU No. 2016-02 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018 with
early application permitted. In February 2018, FASB issued ASU 2018-01, Leases (Topic 842): Land Easement Practical Expedient for Transition to Topic 842.
The amendment clarifies that land easements are within the scope of the new leases standard (ASC 842) and introduces a new transition practical expedient
allowing a company to not assess whether existing and expired land easements that were not previously accounted for as leases under current US GAAP (ASC
840) are or contain leases under ASC 842.

In July 2018, FASB issued ASU 2018-10, Codification Improvements to Topic 842, Leases. The amendment provides improvements that clarify specific
aspects of the guidance in ASU 2016-02. In August 2018, FASB issued ASU 2018-11, Leases (Topic 842): Targeted Improvements. The amendment provides
entities  with  an  additional  (and  optional)  transition  method  to  adopt  the  new  leases  standard  and  provides  lessors  with  a  practical  expedient,  by  class  of
underlying  asset,  to  not  separate  non-lease  components  from  the  associated  lease  component  and,  instead,  to  account  for  those  components  as  a  single
component if certain criteria are met. The Company adopted ASU 2016-02 on January 1, 2019. As of the date of this filing, the Company is refining its estimate
and anticipates the implementation of this standard will result in an increase to assets and liabilities of approximately between $30.0 million  and $35.0 million  on
January 1, 2019.

68

EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

Market Risk

Our  revenues  and  cost  of  revenues  are  affected  by  fluctuations  in  the  value  of  energy  related  products.    We  attempt  to  mitigate  much  of  the  risk
associated with the volatility of relevant commodity prices by using our knowledge of the market to obtain feedstock at attractive costs, by efficiently managing the
logistics  associated  with  our  products,  by  turning  our  inventory  over  quickly,  and  by  selling  our  products  into  markets  where  we  believe  we  can  achieve  the
greatest value.

Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Interest Rate Risk

We are exposed to interest rate risks primarily through borrowings under various bank facilities.  Interest on these facilities is based upon variable interest

rates using LIBOR or Prime as the base rate.

A t December  31,  2018,  the  Company  had  about  $15.4  million  of  variable-rate  term  debt  outstanding.  At  this  borrowing  level,  a  hypothetical  relative
increase of 10% in interest rates would have an unfavorable but insignificant impact on the Company’s pre-tax earnings and cash flows. The primary interest rate
exposure on variable-rate debt is based on the LIBOR rate (2.35% at December 31, 2018) plus 6.50% per year.

Commodity Price Risk

We are exposed to market risks related to the volatility of crude oil and refined oil products. Our financial results can be significantly affected by changes
in  these  prices  which  are  driven  by  global  economic  and  market  conditions.  We  attempt  to  mitigate  much  of  the  risk  associated  with  the  volatility  of  relevant
commodity prices by using our knowledge of the market to obtain feedstock at attractive costs, by efficiently managing the logistics associated with our products,
by turning our inventory over quickly, and by selling our products into markets where we believe we can achieve the greatest value.  

69

EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

VERTEX ENERGY, INC.
TABLE OF CONTENTS TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Consolidated Financial Statements

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

Consolidated Balance Sheets

Consolidated Statements of  Operations

Consolidated Statements of Equity

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

F-1

Page

F-2

F-4

F-6

F-7

F-8

F-9

EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the Board of Directors and Shareholders
Vertex Energy, Inc.
Houston, Texas

Opinion on the Consolidated Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Vertex Energy, Inc. (the "Company") and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2018 and 2017,
and the related consolidated statements of operations, stockholders’ equity and cash flows for each of the two the years in the period ended December 31, 2018,
and the related notes (collectively referred to as the " consolidated financial statements"). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all
material respects, the financial position of the Company at December 31, 2018 and 2017, and the results of its operations and their cash flows for each of the two
years in the period ended December 31, 2018, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

Basis for Opinion

These  consolidated  financial  statements  are  the  responsibility  of  the  Company's  management.  Our  responsibility  is  to  express  an  opinion  on  the  Company's
consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United
States) ("PCAOB") and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules
and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We  conducted  our  audits  in  accordance  with  the  standards  of  the  PCAOB.  Those  standards  require  that  we  plan  and  perform  the  audit  to  obtain  reasonable
assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to
have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal controls over financial reporting. As part of our audit we are required to obtain an understanding of
internal  control  over  financial  reporting  but  not  for  the  purpose  of  expressing  an  opinion  on  the  effectiveness  of  the  Company’s  internal  control  over  financial
reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.

Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud,
and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in
the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well
as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audits provided a reasonable basis for our opinion.

/s/ Ham, Langston & Brezina, L.L.P.

We have served as the Company's auditor since 2017.

Houston, Texas
March 5, 2019

F-2

EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

F-3

EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

VERTEX ENERGY, INC.

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

ASSETS

Current assets

Cash and cash equivalents

Restricted cash

Accounts receivable, net

Federal income tax receivable

Inventory

Derivative commodity asset

Prepaid expenses

Total current assets

Fixed assets, at cost

Less accumulated depreciation

Fixed assets, net

Goodwill and other intangible assets, net

Deferred tax asset

Other assets

TOTAL ASSETS

LIABILITIES, TEMPORARY EQUITY AND EQUITY

Current liabilities

Accounts payable

Accrued expenses

Dividends payable

Capital leases-current

Current portion of long-term debt, net of unamortized finance costs

Revolving note

Total current liabilities

Long-term debt, net of unamortized finance costs

Capital leases-long-term

Contingent consideration

Derivative warrant liability

Total liabilities

COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (Note 4)

TEMPORARY EQUITY

Series B Preferred Stock, $0.001 par value per share;

December 31, 2018   December 31, 2017

$

1,349,831   $

1,105,787

1,500,000  
9,027,990  
137,212  
8,091,397  
695,941  
2,740,541  

23,542,912  

67,212,486  
(19,927,479)  
47,285,007  
12,578,519  

137,211  
616,759  

—

11,288,991

—

6,304,842

—

1,771,832

20,471,452

65,237,652

(16,617,824)

48,619,828

14,499,354

274,423

440,417

84,160,408   $

84,305,474

8,791,529   $
2,535,347  
403,002  

95,857  
1,325,240  
3,844,636  
16,995,611  

14,402,179  

276,355  
15,564  
1,481,692  
33,171,401  

7,826,016

2,492,722

420,713

—

1,616,926

4,591,527

16,947,904

13,531,179

—

236,680

2,245,408

32,961,171

—  

—

$

$

10,000,000 shares authorized, 3,604,827 and 3,427,597 shares issued
and outstanding at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively with liquidation preference of $11,174,964 and $10,625,551 at
December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

8,900,208  

7,190,467

Series B1 Preferred Stock, $0.001 par value per share;

17,000,000 shares authorized, 10,057,597 and 13,151,989 shares issued
and outstanding at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively with liquidation preference of $15,689,851 and $20,517,103 at
December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

Total Temporary Equity

13,279,755  
22,179,963  

15,769,478

22,959,945

See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements
F-4

EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

 
 
   
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
   
 
 
   
VERTEX ENERGY, INC.

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

December 31, 2018   December 31, 2017

EQUITY

Series A Convertible Preferred stock, $0.001 par value; 

5,000,000 shares authorized and 419,859 and 453,567 shares issued
and outstanding at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, with a liquidation preference of $625,590 and $675,815 at
December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.

Series C Convertible Preferred stock, $0.001 par value per share;

44,000 shares designated in 2016; zero and 31,568
issued and outstanding at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively with a liquidation preference of $0 and $3,156,800 at
December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.

420  

454

—  

32

Common stock, $0.001 par value per share;

750,000,000 shares authorized; 40,174,821 and 32,658,176
issued and outstanding at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

Additional paid-in capital

Accumulated deficit

           Total Vertex Energy, Inc. stockholders' equity

Non-controlling interest

        Total Equity

40,175  
75,131,122  
(47,800,886)  
27,370,831  
1,438,213  
28,809,044  

TOTAL LIABILITIES, TEMPORARY EQUITY AND EQUITY

$

84,160,408   $

See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements
F-5

32,658

67,768,509

(39,816,300)

27,985,353

399,005

28,384,358

84,305,474

EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
VERTEX ENERGY, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2018 and 2017

Revenues
Cost of revenues (exclusive of depreciation and amortization shown separately below)

Gross profit

Operating expenses:
Selling, general and administrative expenses
Depreciation and amortization

Total operating expenses

Income (loss) from operations

Other income (expense):

Other income

Gain on sale of assets
Gain on change in value of derivative warrant liability
Interest expense

Total expense

Loss before income taxes

Income tax benefit

Net loss
Net income attributable to non-controlling interest

Net loss attributable to Vertex Energy, Inc.

Accretion of discount on series B and B-1 Preferred Stock
Dividends on series B and B-1 Preferred Stock

Net loss available to common stockholders

Income (loss) per common share

Basic

Diluted

Shares used in computing earnings per share

Basic

Diluted

$

$

$

$

2018

180,720,661   $
151,314,039  

29,406,622  

2017

145,499,092
124,226,489

21,272,603

21,927,264  
6,991,010  

28,918,274  

488,348  

659  

45,553  
763,716  
(3,281,855)  

(2,471,927)  

(1,983,579)  

—  

(1,983,579)  
234,188  

(2,217,767)  

21,685,542
6,643,324

28,328,866

(7,056,263)

5,748

445
2,120,584
(3,483,062)

(1,356,285)

(8,412,548)

274,423

(8,138,125)
295,108

(8,433,233)

(3,132,414)  
(2,687,123)  

(1,713,736)
(1,677,633)

(8,037,304)   $

(11,824,602)

(0.23)   $

(0.23)   $

(0.36)

(0.36)

35,411,264  

35,411,264  

32,653,402

32,653,402

See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements
F-6

EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

 
 
 
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
VERTEX ENERGY, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EQUITY

FOR THE YEARS ENDING DECEMBER 31, 2018 AND 2017

Common Stock

Series A Preferred  

Series C Preferred

Shares

  $.001 Par  

Shares

  $.001 Par  

Shares

  $.001 Par  

Additional Paid-in
Capital

Retained
Earnings

Non-
controlling
Interest

Total Equity

33,151,391   $

—  

—  

33,151  
—  

—  

492,716   $

—  

—  

493  
—  

31,568   $
—  

32   $
—  

66,534,971   $ (27,958,578)   $

103,897   $ 38,713,966

59  

(59)  

—  

—

—  

—  

—  

—  

(1,677,633)  

—  

(1,677,633)

—  

—  

—  

—  

—  

—  

—  

(1,713,736)  

—  

(1,713,736)

(1,108,928)  

(1,109)  

—  

—  

—  

—  

—  

—  

39,149  

39  

(39,149)  

(39)  

76,564  

77  

500,000  
—  

500  
—  

—  

—  
—  

—  

—  
—  

—  

—  

—  

—  

—  
—  

32,658,176  

32,658  

453,567  

454  

31,568  

166,630  

167  

—  

—  

—  

—  

—  

3,977,117  

3,976  

—  

32,149  

241  

—  

33  

—  

—  

—  

—  

—  

—  

—  

—  

—  

—  

—  

33,708  

34  

(33,708)  

(34)  

—  

—  

—  

—  

—  

—  

3,156,800  

3,157  

150,000  
—  

150  
—  

—  

—  

—  

—  
—  

—  

—  

—  

—  

—  

—  

—  

—  

—  

—  

—  

—  

—  
—  

32  

—  

—  

—  

—  

—  

—  

—  

—  

—  

1,109  

—  

—  

—

606,446  

—    

606,446

—  

—  

—  

—

152,424  

(33,061)  

—  

119,440

473,500  
—  

—  
(8,433,233)  

—  
295,108  

474,000

(8,138,125)

67,768,509  

(39,816,300)  

399,005  

28,384,358

313,097  

(2,687,123)  

—  

(2,373,859)

—  

(1,960,013)  

—  

(1,960,013)

6,200,326  

(1,135,701)  

—  

5,068,601

659,836  

—  

—  

659,836

99,629  

(36,700)  

—  

—  

—  

—  

—  

62,962

—

—

—

52,718  

(52,718)  

—  

857,738  

857,738

—  

—  

—  

—  

—  

(31,568)  

(32)  

(3,125)  

—  

—  

—

—  
—  

—  
—  

—  
—  

92,850  
—  

—  
(2,217,767)  

—  
234,188  

93,000

(1,983,579)

40,174,821   $ 40,175  

419,859   $

420  

—   $

—   $

75,131,122   $ (47,800,886)   $ 1,438,213   $ 28,809,044

See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements
F-7

Balance on December 31,
2016

Equity reclassifications

Dividends and Series B and
B1 Preferred Stock

Accretion of discount on
Series B and B1 Preferred
Stock

Return of common shares
for Safety-Kleen/Bango Sale
Escrow

Share based compensation
expense, total

Conversion of Series A
Preferred stock to common

Conversion of Series B1
Preferred stock to common

Common shares for Nickco
Acquisition

Net income (loss)

Balance on December 31,
2017

Dividends on Series B and
B1 Preferred Stock

Accretion of discount on
Series B and B1 Preferred
Stock

Conversion of B1 Preferred
Stock to common

Share based compensation
expense, total

Conversion of Series B
Preferred Stock to common

Exercise of options to
common

Conversion of Series A
Preferred Stock to common

Correction of non-controlling
interest

Fixed assets contributed
capital VRMLA

Conversion of Series C
Preferred Stock to common

Issue of common stock from
Nickco contingent
consideration

Net income (loss)

Balance on
December 31, 2018

EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
VERTEX ENERGY, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

FOR THE YEARS ENDING DECEMBER 31, 2018 AND 2017

Cash flows from operating activities

Net loss

Adjustments to reconcile net loss to cash used in operating activities:

2018

2017

$

(1,983,579)   $

(8,138,125)

Stock-based compensation expense

Depreciation and amortization

Bad debt recovery

Gain on commodity derivative contracts

Net cash settlement on commodity derivatives

Gain on sale of assets

Gain on disposition

Amortization of debt discount and deferred costs

Deferred federal income tax

Decrease in fair value of derivative liability

Reduction in contingent consideration

Impairment of goodwill

Changes in operating assets and liabilities:

Accounts receivable

Inventory

Prepaid expenses

Accounts payable

Accrued expenses

Other assets

Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities

Cash flows from investing activities

Acquisitions

Proceeds from the sale of assets

Purchase of fixed assets

Net cash used in investing activities

Cash flows from financing activities

Line of credit proceeds (payments), net

Payments on capital lease obligations

Payment of debt issuance costs

Proceeds from notes payable

Payments made on notes payable

Net cash used in (provided by) financing activities

Net change in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash

Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of the year

Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of year

SUPPLEMENTAL INFORMATION

Cash paid for interest

Cash paid for income taxes

NON-CASH INVESTING AND FINANCING TRANSACTIONS

Conversion of Series A Preferred Stock into common stock

Conversion of Series B and B1 Preferred Stock into common stock

Dividends on Series B and B-1 Preferred Stock

Accretion of discount on Series B and B-1 Preferred Stock

Equipment acquired under capital leases

Contributed assets Vertex Recovery Management LA from non-controlling interest

Contingent consideration on Nickco acquisition

Common restricted shares for Nickco acquisition

Return of common shares for sale escrow

See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements
F-8

EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

659,836  

6,991,010  
(299,110)  
(1,062,682)  
369,188  
(45,553)  
(241,416)  

584,336  
—  
(763,716)  
(128,116)  
176,349  

2,143,834  

(1,786,555)  
(597,146)  
1,493,324  
42,625  
(176,342)  
5,376,287  

(269,826)  
—  
(2,499,117)  
(2,768,943)  

(746,891)  
(77,886)  
—  
4,024,964  
(4,063,487)  
(863,300)  
1,744,044  

1,105,787  

2,849,831   $

606,446

6,643,324

—

—

—

(445)

—

715,112

(274,423)

(2,120,584)

—

—

(336,772)

(1,910,884)

897,285

487,343

390,699

77,833

(2,963,191)

(1,999,580)

327,718

(2,125,667)

(3,797,529)

1,865,488

—

(1,718,090)

17,570,929

(13,057,978)

4,660,349

(2,100,371)

3,206,158

1,105,787

2,722,542   $

1,952,719

—   $

34   $
6,613,052   $
2,687,123   $
3,132,414   $
450,098   $
857,738   $

—   $
93,000   $
—   $

—

39

119,440

1,677,633

1,713,736

—

—

236,680

474,000

1,109

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
   
VERTEX ENERGY, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2018

NOTE 1. BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND NATURE OF OPERATIONS

Vertex Energy, Inc. (“Vertex Energy” or the “Company”), provides a range of services designed to aggregate, process and recycle industrial and commercial waste
systems. Vertex Energy currently provides these services in 15 states, primarily in the Gulf Coast and Central Midwest Region of the United States.

COMPANY OPERATIONS

Vertex Energy’s operations are primarily focused on recycling industrial waste streams and off-specification commercial chemical products. The waste streams
are  purchased  from  an  established  network  of  local  and  regional  collectors  and  generators.  The  Company  manages  the  transport,  storage  and  delivery  of  the
aggregated  feedstock  and  product  streams  to  end  users.  Vertex  Energy’s three  principal  segments  are  comprised  of  Black  Oil,  Refining  and  Marketing,  and
Recovery.

Black Oil

Through  its  Black  Oil  segment,  which  has  been  operational  since  2001,  Vertex  Energy  aggregates  and  sells  used  motor  oil.  The  Company  has  a  network  of
approximately 50 suppliers that collect used oil from businesses such as oil change service stations, automotive repair shops, manufacturing facilities, petroleum
refineries, and petrochemical manufacturing operations. The Company procures the used oil from collectors and manages the logistics of transport, storage and
delivery  to  our  customers.  Typically,  the  used  oil  is  sold  in  bulk  to  ensure  the  efficient  delivery  by  truck,  rail,  or  barge.  In  many  cases,  there  are  contractual
procurement and sale agreements with the suppliers and customers, respectively. These contracts are beneficial to all parties involved because they ensure a
minimum volume is procured from collectors, a minimum volume is sold to the customers, and the Company is insulated from inventory risk by a spread between
the costs to acquire used oil and the revenues received from the sale and delivery of used oil. In addition, the Company operates its own re-refining operations at
the Cedar Marine Terminal, in Baytown, Texas, which uses the Company's proprietary Thermal Chemical Extraction Process (“TCEP”) technology to re-refine the
used oil into marine fuel cutterstock (when such use makes economic sense) and a higher-value feedstock for further processing. The finished product can then
be sold by barge as a fuel oil cutterstock and a feedstock component for major refineries. Today we are utilizing the TCEP technology as a pre-treatment process
for  the  used  motor  oil  feedstock  that  is  being  supplied  from  our  CMT  facility  and  delivered  to  Marrero  for  further  re-refining  instead  of  to  create  marine  fuel
cutterstock as such use is not currently economically accretive. Through the operations at our Marrero, Louisiana facility, we produce a Vacuum Gas Oil (VGO)
product  from  used  oil  re-refining  which  is  then  sold  via  barge  to  end  users  to  utilize  in  a  refining  process  or  a  fuel  oil  blend. Through  the  operations  at  our
Columbus,  Ohio  facility  we  produce  a  base  oil  finished  product  which  is  then  sold  via  truck  or  rail  car  to  end  users  for  blending,  packaging  and  marketing  of
lubricants.

Refining and Marketing

Through its Refining and Marketing segment, which has been operational since 2004, Vertex Energy aggregates used motor oil, petroleum distillates, transmix
and other off-specification chemical products. These feedstock streams are purchased from pipeline operators, refineries, chemical processing facilities and third-
party  providers.  The  Company  has  a  toll-based  processing  agreement  in  place  with  KMTEX,  LLC.  (“KMTEX”)  to  re-refine  these  feedstock  streams,  under  the
Company’s  direction,  into  various  end  products.  KMTEX  uses  industry  standard  processing  technologies  to  re-refine  the  feedstock  into  pygas,  gasoline
blendstock and marine fuel cutterstock. The Company sells the re-refined products directly to end customers or to processing facilities for further refinement.

Recovery

Through  its  Recovery  segment,  which  has  been  operational  since  2002,  Vertex  Energy  generates  solutions  for  the  proper  recovery  and  management  of
hydrocarbon streams. The Company owns and operates a fleet of trucks and heavy equipment used for processing, shipping and handling of reusable process
equipment and other scrap commodities.

F-9

EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

NOTE 2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Principles of Consolidation

The  consolidated  financial  statements  include  the  accounts  of  the  Company  and  its  wholly-owned  subsidiaries.    Significant  intercompany  accounts  and
transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. The subsidiaries are as follows:

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

Cedar  Marine  Terminals,  L.P.  (“ CMT”)  operates  a  19-acre  bulk  liquid  storage  facility  on  the  Houston  Ship  Channel.    The  terminal  serves  as  a  truck-in,
barge-out facility and provides throughput terminal operations. CMT is also the site of the TCEP.

Crossroad Carriers, L.P. (“Crossroad”) is a common carrier that provides transportation and logistical services for liquid petroleum products, as well as other
hazardous materials and product streams.

Vertex Recovery, L.P. (“ Vertex Recovery”) is a generator solutions company for the recycling and collection of used oil and oil-related residual materials
from  large  regional  and  national  customers  throughout  the  U.S.    It  facilitates  its  services  through  a  network  of  independent  recyclers  and  franchise
collectors.

H&H Oil, L.P. (“ H&H Oil”) collects and recycles used oil and residual materials from customers based in Austin, Baytown, Dallas, San Antonio and Corpus
Christi, Texas.

E-Source  Holdings,  LLC  (“ E-Source”)  provided  dismantling  and  demolition  services  at  industrial  facilities  throughout  the  Gulf  Coast  -  provided  that  such
entity is no longer operational as of the date of this filing.

Vertex Refining, LA, LLC is a used oil re-refinery based in Marrero, Louisiana and also has assets in Belle Chasse, Louisiana.

Vertex Refining, NV, LLC ("Vertex Refining") is a base oil marketing and distribution company with customers throughout the United States.

Vertex Recovery Management, LLC is currently buying and preparing ferrous and non-ferrous scrap intended for large haul barge sales.

Vertex Refining, OH, LLC collects and re-refines used oil and residual materials from customers throughout the Midwest. Refinery operations are based in
Columbus, Ohio and has collection branches located in Norwalk, Ohio, Zanesville, Ohio, Ravenswood, West Virginia, and Mt. Sterling, Kentucky.

Vertex Energy Operating, LLC (" Vertex Operating"), is a holding company for various of the subsidiaries described above.

Cash and Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash

The Company considers all highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents.

The following table provides a reconciliation of cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash reported within the consolidated balance sheets to the same such
amounts shown in the consolidated statements of cash flows.

Cash and cash equivalents
Restricted cash
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash as shown in the consolidated statements of
cash flows

$

$

1,349,831   $
1,500,000  

2,849,831   $

1,105,787
—

1,105,787

December 31, 2018

December 31, 2017

In November 2018, we placed $1.5 million in a letter of credit to serve as collateral for acquiring products. The transaction did not materialize and the full amount
was released to us and received in February 2019. The amount is recorded as restricted cash in our 2018 consolidated balance sheet.

F-10

EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

 
 
Accounts Receivable

Accounts receivable represents amounts due from customers.  Accounts receivable are recorded at invoiced amounts, net of reserves and allowances, do not
bear interest and are not collateralized.  The Company uses its best estimate to determine the required allowance for doubtful accounts based on a variety of
factors,  including  the  length  of  time  receivables  are  past  due,  economic  trends  and  conditions  affecting  its  customer  base,  significant  one-time  events  and
historical write-off experience.  Specific provisions are recorded for individual receivables when we become aware of a customer’s inability to meet its financial
obligations.  The Company reviews the adequacy of its reserves and allowances quarterly.

Receivable balances greater than 30 days past due are individually reviewed for collectability and if deemed uncollectible, are charged off against the allowance
accounts after all means of collection have been exhausted and the potential for recovery is considered remote.  The allowance was $831,768 and $1,636,068  at
December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

Inventory

Inventories of products consist of feedstocks and refined petroleum products and are reported at the lower of cost or market.   Cost is determined using the first-
in, first-out (“FIFO”) method. The Company reviews its inventory commodities whenever events or circumstances indicate that the value may not be recoverable.

Fixed Assets

Fixed assets are stated at historical costs. Depreciation of fixed assets placed in operations is provided using the straight-line method over the estimated useful
lives of the assets. The policy of the Company is to charge amounts for major maintenance and repairs to expenses, and to capitalize expenditures for major
replacements and betterments.

Asset Retirement Obligations

The Company records a liability, which is referred to as an asset retirement obligation, at fair value for the estimated cost to retire a tangible long-lived asset at
the time the Company incurs that liability, which is generally when the asset is purchased, constructed, or leased. The Company records the liability when it has a
legal obligation to incur costs to retire the asset and when a reasonable estimate of the fair value of the liability can be made. If a reasonable estimate cannot be
made at the time the liability is incurred, the Company records the liability when sufficient information is available to estimate the liability’s fair value.

Intangible Assets

Intangible assets are amortized over their estimated useful lives. Amortizable intangible assets are reviewed at least annually to determine whether events and
circumstances warrant a revision to the remaining period of amortization.

Goodwill

Goodwill is the excess of cost of an acquired entity over the amounts assigned to identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a business combination. In
accordance with the Financial Accounting Standards Board Accounting Standards Codification (“FASB ASC”) 350, “Intangibles - Goodwill and Other,” goodwill is
not  amortized.  We  periodically,  at  least  on  an  annual  basis,  review  goodwill,  considering  factors  such  as  projected  cash  flows  and  revenue  and  earnings
multiples,  to  determine  whether  the  carrying  value  of  the  goodwill  is  impaired.  If  the  goodwill  is  deemed  to  be  impaired,  the  difference  between  the  carrying
amount reflected in the financial statements and the estimated fair value is recognized as an expense in the period in which the impairment occurs. We define
our reportable segments to be the same as our operating segments for purposes of reviewing impairment and the recoverability of goodwill and other intangible
assets. For the year ended December 31, 2018, there was a $176,349 goodwill impairment.

F-11

EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

Leases

The Company recognizes lease expense on a straight-line basis over the minimum lease terms which expire at various dates through 2032. These leases are for
office  and  storage  tank  facilities  and  are  classified  as  operating  leases.  For  leases  that  contain  predetermined,  fixed  escalations  of  the  minimum  rentals,  the
Company recognizes the rent expense on a straight-line basis and records the difference between the rent expense and the rental amount payable in liabilities.
Leasehold  improvements  made  at  the  inception  of  the  lease  are  amortized  over  the  shorter  of  the  asset  life  or  the  initial  lease  terms  as  described  above.
Leasehold improvements made during the lease term are also amortized over the shorter of the assets life or the remaining lease term.

For capital leases assumed as a result of an acquisition, the leased assets owned by the acquiree and financed through a capital lease are measured separately,
at fair value, from the underlying lease to which they are subject. The present value of the lease is then calculated using the lease terms and implicit interest rate.

Business Combinations

The Company accounts for business combinations using the acquisition method of accounting. The results of operations for the acquired entities are included in
the  Company’s  consolidated  financial  results  from  their  associated  acquisition  dates. The Company allocates the purchase price of acquisitions to the tangible
assets, liabilities, and identifiable intangible assets acquired based on their estimated fair values. A portion of purchase price for our acquisitions is contingent
upon the realization of certain operating results. The fair values assigned to identifiable intangible assets acquired and contingent consideration were determined
by third party specialists engaged by the Company on a case by case basis. The excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the identified assets and
liabilities has been recorded as goodwill. If the purchase price is under the fair value of the identified assets and liabilities, a bargain purchase is recognized and
included in income from continuing operations.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Under the FASB ASC, we are permitted to elect to measure financial instruments and certain other items at fair value, with the change in fair value recorded in
earnings.  We  elected  not  to  measure  any  eligible  items  using  the  fair  value  option.  Consistent  with  the  Fair  Value  Measurement  Topic  of  the  FASB  ASC,  we
implemented guidelines relating to the disclosure of our methodology for periodic measurement of our assets and liabilities recorded at fair market value.

Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the
measurement  date.  A  three-tier  fair  value  hierarchy  prioritizes  the  inputs  used  in  measuring  fair  value.  The  hierarchy  gives  the  highest  priority  to  unadjusted
quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (level 1 measurements) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (level 3 measurements).
These tiers include:

•

•

•

Level 1, defined as observable inputs such as quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets;

Level  2,  defined  as  inputs  other  than  quoted  prices  in  active  markets  that  are  either  directly  or  indirectly  observable  such  as  quoted  prices  for  similar
instruments in active markets or quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active; and

Level  3,  defined  as  unobservable  inputs  in  which  little  or  no  market  data  exists,  therefore  requiring  an  entity  to  develop  its  own  assumptions,  such  as
valuations derived from valuation techniques in which one or more significant inputs or significant value drivers are unobservable.

Our  Level  1  assets  primarily  include  our  cash  and  cash  equivalents.  Valuations  are  obtained  from  readily  available  pricing  sources  for  market  transactions
involving identical assets or liabilities. The carrying amounts of accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued liabilities approximate their fair values due to
the immediate or short-term maturities of these financial instruments.

Our Level 2 liabilities include our marked to market changes in the estimated value of our open derivative contracts held at the balance sheet date.

Our Level 3 liabilities include our marked to market changes in the estimated value of our derivative warrants issued in connection with our Series B Preferred
Stock and Series B1 Preferred Stock.

F-12

EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

The Company estimates the fair values of the crude oil swaps and collars based on published forward commodity price curves for the underlying commodity as of
the date of the estimate for which published forward pricing is readily available. The determination of the fair values above incorporates various factors including
the  impact  of  the  Company's  non-performance  risk  and  the  credit  standing  of  the  counterparty  involved  in  the  Company's  derivative  contracts.  In  addition,  the
Company routinely monitors the creditworthiness of its counterparty.

Nonfinancial  assets  and  liabilities  measured  at  fair  value  on  a  nonrecurring  basis  include  certain  nonfinancial  assets  and  liabilities  as  may  be  acquired  in  a
business combination and thereby measured at fair value.

Debt Issuance Costs

The Company follows the accounting guidance of ASC 835-30, Interest-Imputation of Interest, which requires that debt issuance costs related to a recognized
debt liability be reported on the Consolidated Balance Sheet as a direct reduction from the carrying amount of that debt liability.

Reclassification of Prior Year Presentation

Certain  prior  period  amounts  have  been  reclassified  to  conform  to  current  period  presentation.  These  reclassifications  had  no  effect  on  the  reported  results  of
operations. 

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect reported amounts of
assets  and  liabilities,  disclosure  of  contingent  assets  and  liabilities,  and  reported  amounts  of  revenue  and  expenses.  Actual  results  could  differ  from  these
estimates. Any effects on the business, financial position or results of operations from revisions to these estimates are recorded in the period in which the facts
that give rise to the revision become known.

Significant items subject to estimates and assumptions include the carrying amount and useful lives of property and equipment and intangible assets, impairment
assessments, share-based compensation expense, and valuation allowances for accounts receivable, inventories, and deferred tax assets.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

The Company evaluates the carrying value and recoverability of its long-lived assets when circumstances warrant such evaluation by applying the provisions of
the FASB ASC regarding long-lived assets. It requires that long-lived assets be reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate
that  the  carrying  amount  of  an  asset  may  not  be  recoverable  through  the  estimated  undiscounted  cash  flows  expected  to  result  from  the  use  and  eventual
disposition of the assets.  Whenever any such impairment exists, an impairment loss will be recognized for the amount by which the carrying value exceeds the
fair value. The Company determined that no long-lived asset impairment existed at December 31,  2018 and 2017.

Income Taxes

The Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with the FASB ASC Topic 740. The Company records a valuation allowance against net deferred tax
assets if, based upon the available evidence, it is more likely than not that some or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The ultimate realization of
deferred  tax  assets  is  dependent  upon  the  generation  of  future  taxable  income  and  when  temporary  differences  become  deductible.  The  Company  considers,
among  other  available  information,  uncertainties  surrounding  the  recoverability  of  deferred  tax  assets,  scheduled  reversals  of  deferred  tax  liabilities,  projected
future taxable income, and other matters in making this assessment.

As part of the process of preparing its consolidated financial statements, the Company is required to estimate its income taxes in each of the jurisdictions in which
it operates. This process requires the Company to estimate its actual current tax liability and to assess temporary differences resulting from differing book versus
tax  treatment  of  items,  such  as  deferred  revenue,  compensation  and  benefits  expense  and  depreciation.  These  temporary  differences  result  in  deferred  tax
assets  and  liabilities,  which  are  included  within  the  Company’s  consolidated  balance  sheet.  Significant  management  judgment  is  required  in  determining  the
Company’s provision for income taxes, its deferred tax assets and liabilities and any valuation allowance recorded against its net deferred tax assets. In assessing
the realization of deferred tax assets, management considers whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will be realized
and, when necessary, valuation allowances are established. The ultimate realization

F-13

EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

of  the  deferred  tax  assets  is  dependent  upon  the  generation  of  future  taxable  income  during  the  periods  in  which  temporary  differences  become  deductible.
Management considers the level of historical taxable income, scheduled reversals of deferred taxes, projected future taxable income and tax planning strategies
that  can  be  implemented  by  the  Company  in  making  this  assessment.  If  actual  results  differ  from  these  estimates  or  the  Company  adjusts  these  estimates  in
future periods, the Company may need to adjust its valuation allowance, which could materially impact the Company’s consolidated financial position and results
of operations.

Tax contingencies can involve complex issues and may require an extended period of time to resolve. Changes in the level of annual pre-tax income can affect
the Company’s overall effective tax rate. Significant management judgment is required in determining the Company’s provision for income taxes, its deferred tax
assets and liabilities and any valuation allowance recorded against its net deferred tax assets. Furthermore, the Company’s interpretation of complex tax laws
may impact its recognition and measurement of current and deferred income taxes.

The  Company  recognizes  and  measures  a  tax  benefit  from  uncertain  tax  positions  when  it  is  more  likely  than  not  that  the  tax  position  will  be  sustained  on
examination by the taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. The Company recognizes a liability for unrecognized tax benefits resulting
from uncertain tax positions taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. The Company adjusts these liabilities when its judgment changes as a result of the
evaluation of new information not previously available. Due to the complexity of some of these uncertainties, the ultimate resolution may result in a payment that
is materially different from the current estimate or future recognition of an unrecognized benefit. These differences will be reflected as increases or decreases to
income tax expense in the period in which they are determined.

The  Company  recognizes  interest  and  penalties  related  to  unrecognized  tax  benefits  within  the  income  tax  expense  line  in  the  consolidated  statements  of
operations.  Accrued  interest  and  penalties  are  included  within  deferred  taxes,  unrecognized  tax  benefits  and  other  long-term  liabilities  line  in  the  consolidated
balance sheet.

Derivative Transactions

All derivative instruments are recorded on the accompanying balance sheets at fair value. These derivative transactions are not designated as cash flow hedges
under  FASB  ASC  815,  Derivatives  and  Hedges.  Accordingly,  these  derivative  contracts  are  marked-to-market  and  any  changes  in  the  estimated  value  of
derivative contracts held at the balance sheet date are recognized in the accompanying statements of operations as net gain or loss on derivative contracts. The
derivative  assets  or  liabilities  are  classified  as  either  current  or  noncurrent  assets  or  liabilities  based  on  their  anticipated  settlement  date.  The  Company  nets
derivative assets and liabilities for counterparties where it has a legal right of offset.

In accordance with ASC 815-40-25 and ASC 815-10-15, Derivatives and Hedging and ASC 480-10-25, Liabilities-Distinguishing from Equity, convertible preferred
shares are accounted for net, outside of shareholders' equity and warrants are accounted for as liabilities at their fair value during periods where they can be net
cash settled in case of a change in control transaction. The warrants are accounted for as a liability at their fair value at each reporting period. The value of the
derivative warrant liability will be re-measured at each reporting period with changes in fair value recorded in earnings. To derive an estimate of the fair value of
these  warrants,  a  Dynamic  Black  Scholes  model  is  utilized  which  computes  the  impact  of  a  possible  change  in  control  transaction  upon  the  exercise  of  the
warrant shares. This process relies upon inputs such as shares outstanding, our quoted stock prices, strike price and volatility assumptions to dynamically adjust
the payoff of the warrants in the presence of the dilution effect.

Preferred Stock Classification

A mandatorily redeemable financial instrument shall be classified as a liability unless the redemption is required to occur only upon the liquidation or termination of
the reporting entity. A financial instrument issued in the form of shares is mandatorily redeemable if it embodies an unconditional obligation requiring the issuer to
redeem  the  instrument  by  transferring  its  assets  at  a  specified  or  determinable  date  (or  dates)  or  upon  an  event  certain  to  occur.  A  financial  instrument  that
embodies  a  conditional  obligation  to  redeem  the  instrument  by  transferring  assets  upon  an  event  not  certain  to  occur  becomes  mandatorily  redeemable-and,
therefore, becomes a liability-if that event occurs, the condition is resolved, or the event becomes certain to occur. The Series B Preferred Stock and Series B1
Preferred Stock requires the Company to redeem such preferred stock on the fifth anniversary of the issuance of the Series B Preferred Stock and Series B1
Preferred  Stock  if  the  redemption  would  not  be  subject  to  the  existing  restrictions  under  the  Company's  senior  credit  agreement.  SEC  reporting  requirements
provide that any possible redemption outside of the control of the Company requires the preferred stock to be classified outside of permanent equity.

F-14

EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

Stock Based Compensation

The  Company  accounts  for  stock-based  expense  and  activity  in  accordance  with  FASB  ASC  Topic  718,  which  establishes  accounting  for  equity  instruments
exchanged for services. Under this provision, stock-based compensation costs are measured at the grant date, based on the calculated fair value of the award,
and are recognized as an expense over both the employee and non-employee’s requisite service period, generally the vesting period of the equity grant.

The Company estimates the fair value of stock options using the Black-Scholes valuation model. Key input assumptions used to estimate the fair value of stock
options include the exercise price of the award, expected option term, expected volatility of the stock over the option’s expected term, risk-free interest rate over
the  option’s  expected  term,  and  the  expected  annual  dividend  yield.  The  Company  believes  that  the  valuation  technique  and  approach  utilized  to  develop  the
underlying assumptions are appropriate in calculating the fair values of the stock options granted.

Earnings Per Share

Basic  earnings  per  share  is  computed  by  dividing  income  (loss)  available  to  common  shareholders  by  the  weighted  average  number  of  common  shares
outstanding for the periods presented. The calculation of basic earnings per share for the years ended December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017,  respectively,
includes the weighted average of common shares outstanding. Diluted net income (loss) per share is computed by dividing the net income (loss) attributable to
common shareholders by the weighted average number of common and common equivalent shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share
reflect the potential dilution of securities that could share in the earnings of an entity, such as convertible preferred stock, stock options, warrants or convertible
securities.

New Accounting Pronouncements

(a) Application of New Accounting Standards

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, which supersedes nearly all existing revenue recognition guidance
under U.S. GAAP. The core principle of ASU No. 2014-09 is to recognize revenues when promised goods or services are transferred to customers in an amount
that reflects the consideration to which an entity expects to be entitled for those goods or services. ASU No. 2014-09 defines a five step process to achieve this
core principle and, in doing so, more judgment and estimates may be required under existing U.S. GAAP. The standard is effective for annual periods beginning
after December 15, 2016, and interim periods therein, using either of the following transition methods: (i) a full retrospective approach reflecting the application of
the standard in each prior reporting period with the option to elect certain practical expedients, or (ii) a retrospective approach with the cumulative effect of initially
adopting ASU No. 2014-09 recognized at the date of adoption (which includes additional footnote disclosures). In July 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-14
which delayed the effective date of ASU No. 2014-09 by one year (effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017). The Company adopted ASU
2014-09 in the first quarter of fiscal 2018 using the modified retrospective method. The adoption of the standard did not have a material impact on our revenue
recognition policies, and the Company has concluded that the most significant impact of the standard relates to the incremental disclosures required.

(b) New Accounting Requirements and Disclosures

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases, which requires lessees to recognize the following for all leases (with the exception of short-term
leases) at the commencement date: (1) a lease liability, which is a lessee’s obligation to make lease payments arising from a lease, measured on a discounted
basis; and (2) a right-of-use asset, which is an asset that represents the lessee’s right to use, or control the use of, a specified asset for the lease term. Under
ASU No. 2016-02, lessor accounting is largely unchanged. ASU No. 2016-02 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018 with early application
permitted. In February 2018, FASB issued ASU 2018-01, Leases (Topic 842): Land Easement Practical Expedient for Transition to Topic 842. The amendment
clarifies that land easements are within the scope of the new leases standard (ASC 842) and introduces a new transition practical expedient allowing a company
to not assess whether existing and expired land easements that were not previously accounted for as leases under current US GAAP (ASC 840) are or contain
leases under ASC 842.

In July 2018, FASB issued ASU 2018-10, Codification Improvements to Topic 842, Leases. The amendment provides improvements that clarify specific aspects
of the guidance in ASU 2016-02. In August 2018, FASB issued ASU 2018-11, Leases (Topic 842): Targeted Improvements. The amendment provides entities
with an additional (and optional) transition method to adopt the new

F-15

EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

leases standard and provides lessors with a practical expedient, by class of underlying asset, to not separate non-lease components from the associated lease
component and, instead, to account for those components as a single component if certain criteria are met. The Company adopted ASU 2016-02 on January 1,
2019. As of the date of this filing, the Company is refining its estimate and anticipates the implementation of this standard will result in an increase to assets and
liabilities of approximately between $30.0 million and $35.0 million on January 1, 2019.

NOTE 3. REVENUES

Revenue Recognition

We  account  for  a  contract  when  it  has  approval  and  commitment  from  both  parties,  the  rights  of  the  parties  are  identified,  payment  terms  are  identified,  the
contract has commercial substance and collectability of consideration is probable. Revenue is recognized when our performance obligations under the terms of a
contract with our customers are satisfied. Recognition occurs when the Company transfers control by completing the specified services at the point in time the
customer benefits from the services performed or once our products are delivered. Revenue is measured as the amount of consideration we expect to receive in
exchange for completing our performance obligations. Sales tax and other taxes we collect with revenue-producing activities are excluded from revenue. In the
case of contracts with multiple performance obligations, the Company allocates the transaction price to each performance obligation based on the relative stand-
alone selling prices of the various goods and/or services encompassed by the contract. We do not have any material significant payment terms, as payment is
generally due within 30 days after the performance obligation has been satisfactorily completed. The Company has elected the practical expedient to recognize
the incremental costs of obtaining a contract as an expense when incurred if the amortization period of the asset that we otherwise would have recognized is one
year or less. In applying the guidance in Topic 606, there were no judgments or estimates made that the Company deems significant.

The nature of the Company's contracts give rise to certain types of variable consideration. Accordingly, management establishes a revenue allowance to cover
the  estimated  amounts  of  revenue  that  may  need  to  be  credited  to  customers'  accounts  in  future  periods.  The  Company  estimates  the  amount  of  variable
consideration to include in the estimated transaction price based on historical experience, anticipated performance and its best judgment at the time and to the
extent it is probable that a significant reversal of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur when the uncertainty associated with the variable consideration is
resolved.

For time to time, our fuel oil customers in our black oil segment may request that we store product which they purchase from us in our facilities. We recognize
revenues  for  these  “bill  and  hold”  sales  once  the  following  criteria  have  been  met:  (1)  there  is  a  substantive  reason  for  the  arrangement,  (2)  the  product  is
segregated and identified as the customer's asset, (3) the product is ready for delivery to the customer, and (4) we cannot use the product or direct it to another
customer.

Disaggregation of Revenue

The following table presents our revenues disaggregated by revenue source:

Primary Geographical Markets

Northern United States
Southern United States

Sources of Revenue

Petroleum products
Metals

Total revenues

Year ended December 31, 2018

Black Oil

Refining &
Marketing

Recovery

Total

$

$

$

$

41,207,747   $
102,629,234  

—   $

—   $

22,935,482  

13,948,198  

41,207,747
139,512,914

143,836,981   $

22,935,482   $

13,948,198   $

180,720,661

143,836,981   $

22,935,482   $

1,960,915   $

—  

—  

11,987,283  

168,733,378
11,987,283

143,836,981   $

22,935,482   $

13,948,198   $

180,720,661

F-16

EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
 
 
   
   
   
Primary Geographical Markets

Northern United States
Southern United States

Sources of Revenue

Petroleum products
Metals

Total revenues

Year ended December 31, 2017

Black Oil

Refining &
Marketing

Recovery

Total

$

$

$

$

31,242,068   $
76,746,483  

—   $

—   $

20,097,325  

17,413,216  

31,242,068
114,257,024

107,988,551   $

20,097,325   $

17,413,216   $

145,499,092

107,988,551   $

20,097,325   $

—  

—  

10,070,746   $
7,342,470  

138,156,622
7,342,470

107,988,551   $

20,097,325   $

17,413,216   $

145,499,092

Petroleum products- We derive a majority of our revenues from the sale of recovered/re-refined petroleum products, which include Base Oil, VGO (Vacuum Gas
Oil), Pygas, Gasoline, Cutterstock and Fuel Oils.

Metals-  Consist  of  recoverable  ferrous  and  non-ferrous  recyclable  metals  from  manufacturing  and  consumption.    Scrap  metal  can  be  recovered  from  pipes,
barges, boats, building supplies, surplus equipment, tanks, and other items consisting of metal composition.  These materials are segregated, processed, cut-up
and sent back to a steel mill for re-purposing.

NOTE 4. CONCENTRATIONS, SIGNIFICANT CUSTOMERS, COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

The  Company  has  concentrated  credit  risk  for  cash  by  maintaining  deposits  in  one  bank.    These  balances  are  insured  by  the  Federal  Deposit  Insurance
Corporation  up  to $250,000.    From  time  to  time  during  the  years  ended  December 31, 2018  and 2017,  the  Company’s  cash  balances  exceeded  the  federally
insured limits. No losses have been incurred relating to this concentration.

For the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, the Company’s revenues and receivables were comprised of the following customer concentrations:

Customer 1
Customer 2
Customer 3
Customer 4
Customer 5
Customer 6
Customer 7

2018

2017

% of
Revenues

% of
Receivables

% of
Revenues

% of
Receivables

34%
11%
8%
7%
4%
—%
—%

21%
—%
6%
6%
13%
—%
—%

17%
5%
9%
13%
—%
2%
14%

10%
—%
11%
7%
—%
15%
—%

At December 31, 2018 and 2017, and for the years then ended, the Company's segment revenues were comprised of the following customer concentrations:

F-17

EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
 
 
   
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Customer 1
Customer 2
Customer 3

Customer 4
Customer 5
Customer 6
Customer 7

% of Revenue by Segment 2018

% of Revenue by Segment 2017

Black Oil

Refining

Recovery

Black Oil

Refining

Recovery

100%  
100%  
—%  

100%  
100%  
100%  
100%  

—%  
—%  
100%  

—%  
—%  
—%  
—%  

—%  
—%  
—%  

—%  
—%  
—%  
—%  

100%  
100%  
—%  

100%  
100%  
100%  
100%  

—%  
—%  
100%  

—%  
—%  
—%  
—%  

—%
—%
—%

—%
—%
—%
—%

The Company had no vendors that represented 10% or more of total purchases or payables for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017.

The  Company’s  revenue,  profitability  and  future  rate  of  growth  are  substantially  dependent  on  prevailing  prices  for  petroleum-based  products.  Historically,  the
energy markets have been very volatile, and there can be no assurance that these prices will not be subject to wide fluctuations in the future. A substantial or
extended decline in such prices could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial position, results of operations, cash flows, and access to capital
and on the quantities of petroleum-based products that the Company can economically produce.

Business commitment:

On  June  5,  2016,  Vertex  Energy  and  Penthol  C.V.  (“ Penthol”)    of  the  Netherlands  aka  Penthol  LLC  (a  Penthol  subsidiary  in  the  United  States)  reached  an
agreement  for  Vertex  Energy  to  act  as  Penthol’s  exclusive  agent  to  provide  marketing,  sales,  and  logistical  duties  of  Group  III  base  oil  from  the  United  Arab
Emirates to the United States.  The start-up date was July 25, 2016, with a 5 year term through 2021 and the product will ship via truck, rail and barge.

Litigation:

The Company, in its normal course of business, is involved in various other claims and legal action. In the opinion of management, the outcome of these claims
and actions will not have a material adverse impact upon the financial position of the Company. We are currently party to or have recently resolved, the following
material litigation proceedings:

Vertex Refining LA, LLC (" Vertex Refining LA"), the wholly-owned subsidiary of Vertex Operating was named as a defendant, along with numerous other parties,
i n five  lawsuits  filed  on  or  about  February  12,  2016,  in  the  Second  Parish  Court  for  the  Parish  of  Jefferson,  State  of  Louisiana,  Case  No.  121749,  by  Russell
Doucet et. al., Case No. 121750, by Kendra Cannon et. al., Case No. 121751, by Lashawn Jones et. al., Case No. 121752, by Joan Strauss et. al. and Case No.
121753, by Donna Allen et. al. The suits relate to alleged noxious and harmful emissions from our facility located in Marrero, Louisiana. The suits seek damages
for physical and emotional injuries, pain and suffering, medical expenses and deprivation of the use and enjoyment of plaintiffs’ homes. We intend to vigorously
defend ourselves and oppose the relief sought in the complaints, provided that at this stage of the litigation, the Company has no basis for determining whether
there is any likelihood of material loss associated with the claims and/or the potential and/or the outcome of the litigation.

E-Source Holdings, LLC ("E-Source"), the wholly-owned subsidiary of Vertex Operating, was named as a defendant (along with Motiva Enterprises, LLC,
("Motiva")) in a lawsuit filed in the Sixtieth (60th) Judicial District, Jefferson County, Texas, on April 22, 2015. Pursuant to the lawsuit, Whole Environmental, Inc.
("Whole"), made certain allegations against E-Source and Motiva. In July 2018, the parties entered into a confidential settlement agreement and settled all
previously pending claims. The settlement did not have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements.

Related Parties

The  Company  has  a  Related  Party  Transaction  committee  including  at  least  two  independent  directors  who  review  and  pre-approve  any  and  all  related  party
transactions.

There were no related party transactions during the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017.

F-18

EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Leases

The Company has various leases for office facilities and vehicles which are classified as operating leases, and which expire at various times through 2032. Plant,
vehicle and equipment leases are included as part of cost of revenues, and office leases are included in the selling, general and administrative expenses line
items in the consolidated statements of operations, respectively. Total rent expense for all operating leases for 2018 and 2017 is summarized as follows:

Office leases
Plant leases
Vehicle and equipment leases

2018

2017

$

$

773,282   $

4,093,800  
392,623  

5,259,705   $

744,154
4,123,600
363,616

5,231,370

Minimum future lease commitments as of  December 31, 2018, are summarized as follows:

Year ending December 31,

Office Facilities  

Vehicles

Plant Leases

Total

2019
2020
2021
2022
2023

Thereafter

NOTE 5. FIXED ASSETS, NET

Fixed assets consist of the following:

Equipment
Furniture and fixtures
Leasehold improvements
Office equipment
Vehicles

Building
Construction in progress
Land

Total fixed assets
Less accumulated depreciation

Net fixed assets

$

727,028   $
549,264  
433,909  
314,000  
300,000  

219,248   $
161,538  
161,538  
31,094  
—  

4,044,000   $
4,044,000  
4,044,000  
3,666,000  
1,132,000  

2,975,000  

—  

—  

4,990,276
4,754,802
4,639,447
4,011,094
1,432,000

2,975,000

$

5,299,201   $

573,418   $

16,930,000   $

22,802,619

Useful Life
(in years)

7-20
7
15
5
5

20

  December 31, 2018   December 31, 2017

  $

40,404,582   $
108,896  
2,331,071  
1,190,509  
7,349,486  

274,203  
12,720,188  
2,833,551  

67,212,486  
(19,927,479)  

38,843,978
108,896
2,323,356
1,048,313
7,175,147

274,203
12,612,208
2,851,551

65,237,652
(16,617,824)

  $

47,285,007   $

48,619,828

Depreciation expense was  $5,166,467 and $4,817,264 for the years ended  December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

F-19

EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Equipment under construction in progress is related to refining equipment at the Marrero and Myrtle Grove facilities in Louisiana.

Asset Retirement Obligations:

The  Company  has  asset  retirement  obligations  with  respect  to  certain  of  its  refinery  assets  due  to  various  legal  obligations  to  clean  and/or  dispose  of  various
component parts of each refinery at the time they are retired. However, these component parts can be used for extended and indeterminate periods of time as
long  as  they  are  properly  maintained  and/or  upgraded.  It  is  the  Company’s  practice  and  current  intent  to  maintain  its  refinery  assets  and  continue  making
improvements to those assets based on technological advances. As a result, the Company believes that its refinery assets have indeterminate lives for purposes
of  estimating  asset  retirement  obligations  because  dates,  or  ranges  of  dates,  upon  which  the  Company  would  retire  refinery  assets  cannot  reasonably  be
estimated. When a date or range of dates can reasonably be estimated for the retirement of any component part of a refinery, the Company estimates the cost of
performing the retirement activities and records a liability for the fair value of that cost using established present value techniques.

NOTE 6. ACQUISITIONS AND ASSET PURCHASE

Acadiana Recovery, LLC

On February 2, 2017, the Company entered into and closed an Asset Purchase Agreement (the "APA") with Acadiana Recovery, LLC ("Acadiana") pursuant to
which the Company agreed to buy substantially all of Acadiana's customer relations, vehicles, equipment, supplies and tools for an aggregate purchase price of
$710,350. This resulted in the recognition of  $389,650 in fixed assets and  $320,700 in intangible assets as of the acquisition date.

Nickco Recycling, Inc.

On  May  1,  2017,  the  Company  entered  into  and  closed  an  APA  with  Nickco  Recycling,  Inc.  ("Nickco")  pursuant  to  which  the  Company  agreed  to  buy
substantially all the processing equipment and the rolling stock of Nickco for aggregate consideration of $1,804,000.  This  included $1,126,730  in  cash,  500,000
shares  of  restricted  common  stock  and contingent  consideration  of 500,000 shares of common stock, which is payable only if the assets acquired meet a pre-
agreed  EBITDA  target  for  the 12  calendar  months  ending  on  the  last  day  of  the  12 th  calendar  month  following  closing.  This  resulted  in  the  recognition  of
$1,182,000 in fixed assets,  $585,000 in intangible assets,  $37,000 of inventory, and $203,000 as contingent consideration.

Acquisition of Ygriega Assets

On July 16, 2017, the Company entered into and closed an Asset Purchase and Sale Agreement with Ygriega Environmental Services, LLC ("Ygriega") pursuant
to which the Company agreed to buy substantially all the collections routes of Ygriega (which related to used oil, used oil filters, used anti-freeze and other related
services)  and  certain  other  assets,  for  aggregate  consideration  of $196,000,  which  included  $162,500  in  cash  at  time  of  closing  plus  $87,500  payable  in  two
installments  in  the  next  two  years  contingent  on  collected  oil  gallons  (i.e.,  adjustable  downward  in  the  event  certain  targets  are  not  met  in  such  years).  The
agreement also included a two year non-compete by the seller. This resulted in the recognition of  $38,500 in fixed assets,  $159,000 in intangibles, a bargain gain
of $1,500, and contingent consideration of  $33,500.

Specialty Environmental Services

On April 30, 2018, the Company entered into and closed an APA with Specialty Environmental Services ("SES") pursuant to which the Company agreed to buy
substantially all of SES's customer relations, vehicles, equipment, supplies and tools in Texas for an aggregate purchase price of $269,826. We recognized the
consideration in tangible and intangible assets as of the purchase date.

F-20

EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

 
NOTE 7. GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET

Goodwill and components of intangible assets (subject to amortization) consist of the following items:

December 31, 2018

December 31, 2017

Useful Life
(in years)

Gross
Carrying
Amount

Accumulated
Amortization

Net
Carrying
Amount

Gross
Carrying
Amount

Accumulated
Amortization

Customer relations

Vendor relations

Trademark/Trade name

TCEP Technology/Patent

Non-compete agreements

Goodwill

  $

5-8

10

6-16

15

3-5

1,329,580   $
6,654,497  
1,249,887  
13,287,000  
196,601  
—  

718,890   $

610,690   $

3,531,764  
436,869  
5,294,843  
156,680  
—  

3,122,733  
813,018  
7,992,157  
39,921  
—  

  $

22,717,565   $

10,139,046   $

12,578,519   $

1,588,700   $
6,654,497  
1,321,000  
13,287,000  
189,000  
176,349  
23,216,546   $

Net
Carrying
Amount

716,046

3,788,183

897,486

8,877,957

43,333

176,349

872,654   $

2,866,314  
423,514  
4,409,043  
145,667  
—  

8,717,192   $

14,499,354

Intangible  assets  are  amortized  on  a  straight-line  basis.  We  continually  evaluate  the  amortization  period  and  carrying  basis  of  intangible  assets  to  determine
whether subsequent events and circumstances warrant a revised estimated useful life or reduction in value.

Total amortization expense of intangibles was  $1,818,854 and $1,818,475 for the years ended  December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

Estimated future amortization expense is as follows:

2019

2020
2021
2022
2023
Thereafter

$

$

1,823,812

1,823,812
1,823,812
1,608,884
1,251,500
4,246,699

12,578,519

We analyzed the goodwill on the books for the Nickco as of December 31, 2018 to determine whether the amount should be impaired at year end.  Nickco was
purchased with anticipated EBITDA to be in excess of $700,000 with the synergies of the two companies.  The EBITDA for the first  12 months after acquisition of
Nickco was well below the expected EBITDA. The earnout target for the seller of the business during the initial 12 months was a range between $392,000  and
$567,000; the achieved results of $334,000 did not meet the lower end of the threshold.  Our budgeted target EBITDA for 2018 at this segment was  $461,000 of
EBITDA,  the  results  came  in  over $1  million  short  of  the  target.    There  were  some  circumstances  around  the  operations  and  downtime  that  impacted  these
results. Based on the above financial performance, as well as the current outlook for 2019, the Company impaired the remaining goodwill.

As  a  result  of  the  above,  we  recognized  a  $176,349  goodwill  impairment  in  2018,  which  is  included  in  selling,  administrative  and  general  expenses  and  thus
eliminated  the  goodwill  balance  in  our  Recovery  segment.  At  December  31,  2018  and  2017,  there  was $0  and $176,349  goodwill  recorded,  respectively.  Our
Black Oil and Refining and Marketing segment did not have any goodwill recorded as of December 31, 2018 and 2017.

NOTE 8. ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE

F-21

EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
Accounts receivable, net, consists of the following at December 31:

Accounts receivable trade
Allowance for doubtful accounts

Accounts receivable trade, net

$

$

2018

2017

9,859,758   $
(831,768)  

9,027,990   $

12,925,059
(1,636,068)

11,288,991

Accounts receivable represents amounts due from customers. Accounts receivable are recorded at invoiced amounts, net of reserves and allowances, and do not
bear interest. The Company uses its best estimate to determine the required allowance for doubtful accounts based on a variety of factors, including the length of
time receivables are past due, economic trends and conditions affecting its customer base, significant one-time events and historical write-off experience. Specific
provisions are recorded for individual receivables when we become aware of a customer’s inability to meet its financial obligations. The Company reviews the
adequacy of its reserves and allowances quarterly.

NOTE 9. LINE OF CREDIT AND LONG-TERM DEBT

Credit and Guaranty Agreement and Revolving Credit Facility with Encina Business Credit, LLC

Effective  February  1,  2017,  we,  Vertex  Operating,  and  substantially  all  of our  other  operating  subsidiaries,  other  than  E-Source  Holdings,  LLC  ("E-Source"),
entered into a Credit Agreement (the “EBC Credit Agreemen t”) with Encina Business Credit, LLC as agent (the “ Agent” or “EBC”)  and  Encina  Business  Credit
SPV,  LLC  and  CrowdOut  Capital  LLC  as  lenders  thereunder  (the  “EBC  Lenders”).  Pursuant  to  the  EBC  Credit  Agreement,  and  the  terms  thereof,  the  EBC
Lenders agreed to loan us up to $20 million, provided that the amount outstanding under the EBC Credit Agreement at any time cannot exceed  50% of the value
of the operating plant facilities and related machinery and equipment owned by us (not including E-Source).

Amounts borrowed under the EBC Credit Agreement bear interest at  12%, 13%  or 14% per annum, based on the ratio of (a) (i) consolidated EBITDA for such
applicable period minus (ii) capital expenditures made during such period, minus (iii) the aggregate amount of income taxes paid in cash during such period (but
not less than zero) to (b) the sum of (i) debt service charges plus (ii) the aggregate amount of all dividend or other distributions paid on capital stock in cash for
the most recently completed 12 month period (which ratio falls into one of the three following tiers: less than  1 to 1; from 1 to 1 to less than  1.45 to 1; or equal to
or  greater  than 1.45 to 1, which together with the value below, determines which interest rate is applicable) and average availability under the Revolving Credit
Agreement (defined below) (which falls into two tiers: less than $2.5 million and greater than or equal to  $2.5 million, which together with the calculation above,
determines which interest rate is applicable), as described in greater detail in the EBC Credit Agreement (increasing by 2% per annum upon the occurrence of an
event of default). Interest on amounts borrowed under the EBC Credit Agreement is payable by us in arrears, on the first business day of each month, beginning
on the first business day of the first full month following the closing, together with required $75,000 monthly principal repayments. We also have the right to make
voluntary repayments of the amount owed under the EBC Credit Agreement in amounts equal to or greater than $100,000, from time to time. The interest rate is
12% at December 31, 2018.

The EBC Credit Agreement terminates on February 1, 2020, on which date we are required to repay the outstanding balance owed thereunder and any accrued
and unpaid interest thereon.

The amounts borrowed under the EBC Credit Agreement are guaranteed by us and our subsidiaries, other than E-Source, pursuant to a Guaranty and Security
Agreement (the “Guaranty and Security Agreement ”), whereby we also pledged substantially all of our assets and all of the securities of our subsidiaries (other
than  E-Source)  as  collateral  securing  the  amount  due  under  the  terms  of  the  EBC  Credit  Agreement.  We  also  provided  EBC  mortgages  on  our  Marrero,
Louisiana, and Columbus, Ohio facilities to secure the repayment of outstanding amounts and agreed to provide mortgages on certain other real property to be
delivered post-closing. The post-closing mortgage properties provided were in Baytown, Pflugerville and Corpus Christi, Texas.

The EBC Credit Agreement contains customary representations, warranties and requirements for the Company to indemnify the EBC Lenders and their affiliates.
The  EBC  Credit  Agreement  also  includes  various  covenants  (positive  and  negative)  binding  upon  the  Company,  including,  prohibiting  us  from  undertaking
acquisitions or dispositions unless they meet the criteria set forth in the

F-22

EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

 
 
    
        
        
EBC Credit Agreement, not incurring any capital expenditures in amount exceeding  $3 million in any fiscal year that the EBC Credit Agreement is in place, and
requiring  us  to  maintain  at  least $2.5  million  of  borrowing  availability  under  the  Revolving  Credit  Agreement  (defined  below)  at  any  time.  As  of  December  31,
2018, the borrowing availability was  $3,408,448, and the Company was in compliance with all covenants thereunder.

The EBC Credit Agreement includes customary events of default for facilities of a similar nature and size as the EBC Credit Agreement, including if an event of
default occurs under any agreement evidencing $500,000 or more of indebtedness of the Company; we fail to make any payment when due under any material
agreement; subject to certain exceptions, any judgment is entered against the Company in an amount exceeding $500,000; and also provides that an event of
default occurs if a change in control of the Company occurs, which includes if (a) Benjamin P. Cowart, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer, Chairman of the
Board  and  largest  shareholder,  and  Chris  Carlson,  the  Chief  Financial  Officer  of  the  Company,  cease  to  own  and  control  legally  and  beneficially,  collectively,
either directly or indirectly, equity securities in Vertex Energy, Inc., representing more than 15% of the combined voting power of all securities entitled to vote for
members  of  the  board  of  directors  or  equivalent  on  a  fully-diluted  basis,  (b)  the  acquisition  of  ownership,  directly  or  indirectly,  beneficially  or  of  record,  by  any
person or group of securities representing more than 30% of the aggregate ordinary voting power represented by the issued and outstanding securities of Vertex
Energy, Inc., or (c) during any period of 12 consecutive months, a majority of the members of the board of directors of the Company cease to be composed of
individuals (i) who were members of that board or equivalent governing body on the first day of such period, (ii) whose election or nomination to that board or
equivalent governing body was approved by individuals referred to in clause (i) above constituting at the time of such election or nomination at least a majority of
that  board  or  equivalent  governing  body  or  (iii)  whose  election  or  nomination  to  that  board  or  other  equivalent  governing  body  was  approved  by  individuals
referred  to  in  clauses  (i)  and  (ii)  above  constituting  at  the  time  of  such  election  or  nomination  at  least  a  majority  of  that  board  or  equivalent  governing  body
(collectively  “Events  of  Default ”).  An  event  of  default  under  the  Revolving  Credit  Agreement  (defined  below),  is  also  an  event  of  default  under  the  EBC  Credit
Agreement.

Effective  February  1,  2017,  we,  Vertex  Operating  and  substantially  all  of  our  operating  subsidiaries,  other  than  E-Source,  entered  into  a  Revolving  Credit
Agreement (the “Revolving Credit Agreement ”) with Encina Business Credit SPV, LLC as lender (“ Encina”) and EBC as the administrative agent. Pursuant to the
Revolving Credit Agreement, and the terms thereof, Encina agreed to loan us, on a revolving basis, up to $10 million, subject to the terms of the Revolving Credit
Agreement and certain lending ratios set forth therein, which provide that the amount outstanding thereunder cannot exceed an amount equal to the total of (a)
the lesser of (A) the value (as calculated in the Revolving Credit Agreement) of our inventory which are raw materials or finished goods that are merchantable and
readily  saleable  to  the  public  in  the  ordinary  course  of  our  business  (“EBC  Eligible  Inventory”),  net  of  certain  inventory  reserves,  multiplied  by  85%  of  the
appraised value of EBC Eligible Inventory, or (B) the value (as calculated in the Revolving Credit Agreement) of EBC Eligible Inventory, net of certain inventory
reserves, multiplied by 65%, subject to a ceiling of  $4 million, plus (b) the face amount of certain accounts receivables (net of certain reserves applicable thereto)
multiplied  by 85% (subject to adjustment as provided in the Revolving Credit Agreement); minus (c) the then-current amount of certain reserves that the agent
may determine necessary for the Company to maintain. At December 31, 2018, the maximum amount available to be borrowed was  $3,408,448,  based  on  the
above borrowing base calculation.

Amounts borrowed under the Revolving Credit Agreement bear interest, subject to the terms of the Revolving Credit Agreement, at the one month LIBOR interest
rate then in effect, subject to a floor of 0.25% (which interest rate is currently approximately  2.35% per annum), plus an additional  6.50% per annum (increasing by
2% per annum upon the occurrence of an event of default), provided that under certain circumstances amounts borrowed bear interest at the higher of (a) the
“prime rate”; (b) the Federal Funds Rate, plus 0.50%; and (c) the LIBOR Rate for a one month interest period, plus  1.00%. Interest on amounts borrowed under
the Revolving Credit Agreement is payable by us in arrears, on the first business day of each month, beginning on the first business day of the first full month
following the closing.

The  Revolving  Credit  Agreement  terminates  on  February  1,  2020,  on  which  date  we  are  required  to  repay  the  outstanding  balance  owed  thereunder  and  any
accrued and unpaid interest thereon. Borrowings under a revolving credit agreement that contain a subjective acceleration clause and also require a borrower to
maintain  a  lockbox  with  the  lender  (whereby  lockbox  receipts  may  be  applied  to  reduce  the  amount  outstanding  under  the  revolving  credit  agreement)  are
considered short-term obligations. As a result, the debt is classified as a current liability at December 31, 2018.

The amounts borrowed under the Revolving Credit Agreement are guaranteed by us and our subsidiaries, other than E-Source, pursuant to a separate Guaranty
and Security Agreement, similar to the EBC Credit Agreement, described in greater detail above. We also provided Encina mortgages on our Marrero, Louisiana,
and Columbus, Ohio facilities to secure the repayment of outstanding amounts.

F-23

EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

    
    
The Revolving Credit Agreement contains customary representations, warranties and requirements for the Company to indemnify Encina and its affiliates. The
Revolving  Credit  Agreement  also  includes  various  covenants  (positive  and  negative)  binding  upon  the  Company,  including,  prohibiting  us  from  undertaking
acquisitions or dispositions unless they meet the criteria set forth in the Revolving Credit Agreement, not incurring any capital expenditures in amount exceeding
$3 million in any fiscal year that the Revolving Credit Agreement is in place, and requiring us to maintain at least  $2.5 million of borrowing availability under the
Revolving Credit Agreement in any 30 day period.

The Revolving Credit Agreement includes customary events of default for facilities of a similar nature and size as the Revolving Credit Agreement, including the
same Events of Default as are described above under the description of the EBC Credit Agreement.

A  total  of $11,282,537  of  the  amount  initially  borrowed  under  the  EBC  Credit  Agreement  and  Revolving  Credit  Agreement  was  used  to  repay  amounts  owed
under  (a)  a  Restated  Credit  Agreement  with  Goldman  Sachs  Bank,  (b)  our  loan  agreement  with  MidCap  Business  Credit  LLC;  and  (c)  amounts  owed  under
another note provided to us by a third party, all of which have been repaid in full as of the date of this filing. Additionally, in connection with the repayment of such
obligations,  the  Restated  Goldman  Credit  Agreement  and  MidCap  Business  Credit  LLC  Loan  Agreement,  and  our  right  to  borrow  funds  thereunder  were
terminated.

The balance of the EBC Credit Agreement and the Revolving Credit Agreement as of  December 31, 2018 are $15,350,000 and $ 3,844,636, respectively.

Texas Citizens Bank Loan Agreement

The Company has notes payable to Texas Citizens Bank bearing interest at  5.50% per annum, maturing on January 7, 2020.  The balance of the notes payable
was $834,283 at December 31, 2017. The note was paid off during the quarter ended September 30, 2018.

Insurance Premiums

The  Company  financed  insurance  premiums  through  various  financial  institutions  bearing  interest  rates  from  4.00%  to 4.52%.  All  such  premium  finance
agreements have maturities of less than one year and have a balance of $999,152 at December 31, 2018 and $ 803,392 at December 31, 2017.

Capital Leases

On March 1, 2018, the Company obtained  one capital lease. Payments are $908 per month for the  three years and the amount of the capital lease obligation has
been reduced to $22,390 at December 31, 2018.

On May 29, 2018, the Company obtained  one capital lease. Payments are $26,305 per quarter for  four years and the amount of the capital lease obligation has
been reduced to $349,822 at December 31, 2018.

The Company's outstanding debt as of December 31,  2018 and December 31,  2017 are summarized as follows:

F-24

EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

 
Creditor

Loan Type

Origination Date

Maturity Date

Loan Amount

Balance on
December 31, 2018

Balance on
December 31, 2017

Encina Business Credit,
LLC
Encina Business Credit
SPV, LLC
Tetra Capital Lease
Wells Fargo Equipment
Lease
Texas Citizens Bank

Various institutions

Total
Deferred finance costs,
net
Total, net of deferred
finance costs, net

  Term Loan

  February 1, 2017

  February 1, 2020

  $

20,000,000   $

15,350,000 $

14,750,000

  Revolving Note
  Capital Lease

  February 1, 2017
  May, 2018

  February 1, 2020
  May, 2018

  Capital Lease
  Term Note

  March, 2018
  January, 2015

  March, 2021
  January, 2020

  $
  $

  $
  $

10,000,000  
419,690  

3,844,636
349,822

30,408  
2,045,500  

22,390
—

4,591,527
—

—
834,283

Insurance premiums
financed

  Various

  < 1 year

  $

2,902,428  

999,152

803,392

20,566,000

20,979,202

(621,733)

(1,239,570)

  $

19,944,267 $

19,739,632

Future maturities of debt are summarized as follows:

Creditor

2019

2020

2021

2022

2023

Thereafter

Encina Business Credit, LLC
Encina Business Credit SPV, LLC
Tetra Capital Lease

Wells Fargo Equipment Lease
Various institutions

Totals
Deferred finance costs, net

  $

900,000   $

14,450,000   $

3,844,636  
85,808  

10,049  
999,152  

5,839,645  
(573,912)  

—  
91,779  

10,537  
—  

14,552,316  
(47,821)  

—   $
—  
98,167  

1,804  
—  

99,971  
—  

—   $
—  
74,068  

—  
—  

74,068  
—  

—   $
—  
—  

—  
—  

—  
—  

Totals, net of deferred finance costs

  $

5,265,733   $

14,504,495   $

99,971   $

74,068   $

—   $

—
—
—

—
—

—
—

—

NOTE 10. INCOME TAXES

On December 22, 2017, the Tax Reform Act was signed into law. The legislation significantly changes U.S. tax law by, among other things, lowering the U.S.
corporate income tax rate from a maximum of 35% to a flat 21% rate, effective January 1, 2018. As a result of the decrease in the corporate income tax rate, we
revalued our ending net deferred tax assets at December 31, 2017, but did not recognize any incremental income tax expense in 2017 due to the revaluation of
the valuation allowance.

On  December  22,  2017,  the  SEC  staff  issued  Staff  Accounting  Bulletin  No.  118  (“SAB  118”)  to  address  the  application  of  U.S.  GAAP  in  situations  when  a
registrant does not have the necessary information available, prepared, or analyzed (including computations) in reasonable detail to complete the accounting for
certain income tax effects of the Tax Reform Act. We provisionally recognized the incremental tax impacts related to the revaluation of deferred tax assets and
liabilities and our reassessment of uncertain tax positions and valuation allowances and included these amounts in our Consolidated Financial Statements for the

F-25

EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
   
 
   
   
   
   
 
   
   
   
   
 
   
   
   
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
year ended December 31, 2017. We completed our accounting for all of the enactment-date income tax effects of the Tax Reform Act during the fourth quarter of
2018 with no further changes.

The components of income tax (benefit) expense for the years ended  December 31, 2018 and 2017 are as follows: 

Current federal tax (expense)/benefit
Deferred federal tax (expense)/benefit

Total federal tax (expense)/benefit

December 31, 2018

December 31, 2017

  $

  $

(137,212)   $
137,212  

—   $

—
274,423

274,423

Reconciliation between the amount determined by applying the U.S. federal income tax rate of  21%  and 34% to pretax income from continuing operations as a
result of the following for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively: 

Statutory tax on book  income
Permanent differences
Change in expected tax rate
Change in valuation allowance
Prior year return true up

Income tax expense (benefit)

December 31, 2018

December 31, 2017

  $

  $

(417,000)   $
(46,000)  
—  
967,000  
(504,000)  

—   $

(2,860,000)
135,000
6,897,408
(3,672,000)
(774,831)

(274,423)

F-26

EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The tax effect of temporary differences that give rise to significant portions of the deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities at  December 31, 2018  and 2017
are presented below:

Deferred tax assets:

Alternative minimum tax credits
Accrued bonus and stock based compensation
Intangible assets

Bad debt reserve
Contribution carryover
Disallowed interest expense IRC Section 163(j)
Net operating loss carry forwards
Less valuation allowance

  Total deferred tax assets

Deferred tax liabilities:

Accelerated tax depreciation
Contingent liability
Vertex Recovery Management LA

Total deferred tax liabilities

Net deferred tax assets

December 31, 2018

December 31, 2017

$

$

$

$

$

137,000   $
358,000  
1,368,000  

175,000  
26,000  
190,000  
12,500,000  
(12,109,000)  

2,645,000   $

274,000
225,000
1,013,000

344,000
18,000
—
11,670,000
(11,142,000)

2,402,000

December 31, 2018

December 31, 2017

(2,444,000)   $
3,000  
(67,000)  

(2,508,000)   $

(2,128,000)
—
—

(2,128,000)

137,000   $

274,000

The  Company  provides  a  valuation  allowance  when  it  is  more  likely  than  not  that  some  portion  of  the  deferred  tax  assets  will  not  be  realized.    Management
assesses the available positive and negative evidence to estimate if sufficient future taxable income will be generated to utilize the existing deferred tax assets.
Based  on  this  evaluation,  as  of December 31, 2018,  a  valuation  allowance  of  approximately  $12,109,000 has been recorded on the net deferred tax assets in
order  to  measure  only  the  portion  of  the  deferred  tax  assets  that  more  than  likely  not  will  be  realized.  As  of December  31,  2017,  a  valuation  allowance  of
$11,142,000 was recorded against the net deferred tax asset not expected to be realized.

The Company is subject to examination by Federal and State tax authorities for fiscal years  2014 through 2018, except for utilization of net operating losses.

At December 31, 2018, the Company had federal net operating loss carry-forwards (" NOLs") of approximately $59.5 million. IRC Sections 382 and 383 provide
an annual limitation with respect to the ability of a corporation to utilize its tax attributes against future U.S. taxable income in the event of a change in ownership. 
The net operating loss carry-forwards at December 31, 2018 reflect a reduction of approximately $32.5 million as a result of an ownership change triggering event
in May 2016, as defined under IRC Section 382. The net operating loss carryforward will begin to expire in 2026. Those arising in tax years after 2017 can be
carried forward indefinitely.

F-27

EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTE 11. STOCK BASED COMPENSATION

The stock based compensation cost that has been charged against income by the Company was  $659,836  and $606,446  for  the  years  ended  December  31,
2018 and 2017, respectively, for options awarded by the Company.

Stock option activity for the years ended  December 31, 2018 and 2017 are summarized as follows:

OPTIONS ISSUED FOR COMPENSATION:

Shares

Weighted Average Exercise
Price

Weighted Average
Remaining Contractual Life
(in Years)

Grant Date
Fair Value

Outstanding at December 31, 2016
Options granted
Options exercised
Options cancelled/forfeited/expired

Outstanding at December 31, 2017

Vested at December 31, 2017

Exercisable at December 31, 2017

Outstanding at December 31, 2017
Options granted
Options exercised
Options cancelled/forfeited/expired

Outstanding at December 31, 2018

Vested at December 31, 2018

Exercisable at December 31, 2018

3,206,916   $
500,000  
—  
(526,499)  

3,180,417   $

1,959,167   $

1,959,167   $

3,180,417   $
697,000  
(7,500)  
(409,167)  

3,460,750   $

2,127,500   $

2,127,500   $

4.33  
1.01  
—  
(14.00)  

2.21  

2.55  

2.55  

2.21  
1.17  
1.20  
1.80  

2.05  

2.48  

2.48  

5.80   $
8.12  
0.00  
0.00  

4.62   $

4.45   $

4.45   $

4.62   $
8.10  
0.00  
0.00  

3.50   $

4.67   $

4.67   $

2,966,028
363,089
—
(30,921)

3,298,196

1,885,850

1,885,850

3,298,196
610,305
(4,241)
(434,962)

3,469,298

2,122,478

2,122,478

On April 12, 2018, the Board of Directors granted  11 employees and 1 officer/director options to purchase an aggregate of 521,000  and 166,000,  respectively,
shares  of  common  stock  at  an  exercise  price  of $1.14  and $1.26  per  share,  respectively,  with  a  ten  year  and 5  year  term,  respectively  (subject  to  continued
employment/directorship), vesting at the rate of 1/4th of such options per year on the first 4 anniversaries of the grant, under our 2013 Stock Incentive Plan, as
amended, in consideration for services rendered and to be rendered to the Company.

On May 22, 2018, the Board of Directors granted  1 employee options to purchase an aggregate of 10,000 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $1.03
per share with a 10 year term (subject to continued employment/directorship), vesting at the rate of 1/4th of such options per year on the first  4 anniversaries of
the grant, under our 2013 Stock Incentive Plan, as amended, in consideration for services rendered and to be rendered to the Company.

On January 4, 2017, the Board of Directors granted  one employee options to purchase an aggregate of 20,000 shares of common stock at an exercise price of
$1.31  per  share  with  a  5 year term (subject to continued employment), vesting at the rate of 1/4th of such options per year on the first  4  anniversaries  of  the
grant, under our 2013 Stock Incentive Plan, as amended, in consideration for services rendered and to be rendered to the Company.

On August 21, 2017, the Board of Directors granted  5 employees and 1 officer/director options to purchase an aggregate of 330,000  and 150,000,  respectively,
shares  of  common  stock  at  an  exercise  price  of $0.97  and $1.07  per  share,  respectively,  with  a  ten  year  and 5  year  term,  respectively,  (subject  to  continued
employment/directorship), vesting at the rate of 1/4th of such options per year on the first 4 anniversaries of the grant, under our 2013 Stock Incentive Plan, as
amended, in consideration for services rendered and to be rendered to the Company.

F-28

EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
A summary of the Company’s stock warrant activity and related information for the years ended  December 31, 2018 and 2017 is as follows:

WARRANTS ISSUED AND OTHER THAN SERIES B
AND B1 PREFERRED STOCK:

Warrants

Weighted Average Exercise
Price

Weighted Average
Remaining Contractual Life
(in Years)

Grant Date
Fair Value

Outstanding at December 31, 2016
Warrants granted
Warrants exercised
Warrants canceled/forfeited/expired

Warrants at December 31, 2017

Vested at December 31, 2017

Exercisable at December 31, 2017

Outstanding at December 31, 2017
Warrants granted
Warrants exercised
Warrants canceled/forfeited/expired

Warrants at December 31, 2018

Vested at December 31, 2018

Exercisable at December 31, 2018

219,868   $

—  
—  
—  

219,868   $

219,868   $

219,868   $

219,868   $

—  
—  
—  

219,868   $

219,868   $

219,868   $

3.01  
—  
—  
—  

3.01  

3.01  

3.01  

3.01  
—  
—  
—  

3.01  

3.01  

3.01  

3.00   $
—  
—  
—  

2.00   $

2.00   $

3.00   $

2.00   $
—  
—  
—  

0.93   $

0.93   $

0.93   $

140,249
—
—
—

140,249

140,249

140,249

140,249
—
—
—

140,249

140,249

140,249

See "Note 14. Preferred Stock and Temporary Equity " for a description of the warrants that were granted in conjunction with our Series B and B1 Preferred stock.

The following table summarizes the assumptions used in assessing the above described option and warrant valuations: 

Expected volatility
Expected dividends
Expected term (in years)
Risk-free rate

NOTE 12. EARNINGS PER SHARE

YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
2018

YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
2017

78-79%
—%
5-10
2.46-2.59%

78-79%
—%
5-10
2.20-2.40%

Basic earnings per share includes no dilution and is computed by dividing income (loss) available to common shareholders by the weighted average number of
common shares outstanding for the periods presented. The calculation of basic earnings per share for the years ended December 31, 2018  and December  31,
2017, respectively, includes the weighted average of common shares outstanding.  Diluted earnings per share reflect the potential dilution of securities that could
share  in  the  earnings  of  an  entity,  such  as  convertible  preferred  stock,  stock  options,  warrants  or  convertible  securities.    Due  to  their  anti-dilutive  effect,  the
calculation  of  diluted  earnings  per  share  for  the  years  ended December  31,  2018  and December  31,  2017  excludes:  1)  options  to  purchase 3,460,750  and
3,180,417 shares, respectively, of common stock, 2) warrants to purchase 7,353,056 and 7,353,056 shares, respectively, of common stock, 3) Series B Preferred
Stock which is convertible into 3,604,827 and 3,427,597 shares, respectively, of common stock, 4) Series B1 Preferred Stock which is convertible into  10,057,597
and 13,151,989  shares,  respectively,  of  common  stock,  5)  Series  A  Preferred  Stock  which  is  convertible  into  419,859  and 453,567  shares,  respectively,  of
common stock, and 6) zero and 31,568 shares, respectively, of Series C Preferred Stock, which is convertible into  zero and 3,156,800 shares of common stock,
respectively.

F-29

EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

 
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The following is a reconciliation of the numerator and denominator for basic and diluted earnings per share for the years ended  December 31, 2018 and 2017:

Basic loss per Share

Numerator:

Net loss available to common shareholders

Denominator:

Weighted-average common shares outstanding

Basic loss per share

Diluted Earnings per Share

Numerator:

Net loss available to common shareholders

Denominator:

Weighted-average shares outstanding
Effect of dilutive securities

Stock options and warrants

Preferred stock

Diluted weighted-average shares outstanding

Diluted loss per share

NOTE 13. COMMON STOCK

2018

2017

  $

  $

(8,037,304)   $

(11,824,602)

35,411,264  

32,653,402

(0.23)   $

(0.36)

  $

(8,037,304)   $

(11,824,602)

35,411,264  

32,653,402

—  

—  

—

—

35,411,264  

32,653,402

  $

(0.23)   $

(0.36)

The  total  number  of  authorized  shares  of  the  Company’s  common  stock  is  750,000,000  shares, $0.001  par  value  per  share.  As  of  December  31,  2018  and
December 31, 2017, there were  40,174,821 and 32,658,176, respectively, shares of common stock issued and outstanding.

Each share of the Company's common stock is entitled to equal dividends and distributions per share with respect to the common stock when, as and if declared
by the Company's board of directors. No holder of any shares of the Company's common stock has a preemptive right to subscribe for any of the Company's
securities, nor are any shares of the Company's common stock subject to redemption or convertible into other securities. Upon liquidation, dissolution or winding-
up of the Company and after payment of creditors and preferred shareholders of the Company, if any, the assets of the Company will be divided pro rata on a
share-for-share basis among the holders of the Company's common stock. Each share of the Company's common stock is entitled to one  vote.  Shares  of  the
Company's common stock do not possess any cumulative voting rights.

During the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company issued  7,199,774 shares of common stock in connection with the conversion of Series B1, Series B,
Series C, and Series A Convertible Preferred Stock, pursuant to the terms of such securities. In addition, the Company issued 150,000 shares of common stock
pursuant to the earnout provisions of the Nickco acquisition agreement. Also, the Company issued 241 shares of common stock in connection with the cashless
exercise of options. Finally, the Company issued 166,630 shares of common stock in lieu of cash dividends which accrued on the Series B1 Preferred Stock

During the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company issued  115,713 shares of common stock in connection with the conversion of Series B1 and Series A
Convertible Preferred Stock, pursuant to the terms of such securities. In addition, the Company issued 500,000 shares of common stock in connection with the
Nickco acquisition, and the Company received and cancelled 1,108,928 shares of common stock previously held in escrow as part of the escrow fulfillment of the
sale of the Vertex Refining NV assets to Safety-Kleen System, Inc.

NOTE 14.  PREFERRED STOCK AND TEMPORARY EQUITY

F-30

EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

 
 
 
   
   
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
   
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
 
The  total  number  of  authorized  shares  of  the  Company’s  preferred  stock  is  50,000,000  shares, $0.001  par  value  per  share.  The  total  number  of  designated
shares  of  the  Company’s  Series  A  Preferred  Stock  is 5,000,000  (“Series  A  Preferred”).    The  total  number  of  designated  shares  of  the  Company’s  Series  B
Preferred  Stock  is 10,000,000.  The  total  number  of  designated  shares  of  the  Company’s  Series  B1  Preferred  Stock  is  17,000,000.  The  total  number  of
designated shares of the Company's Series C Preferred Stock is 44,000. As  of December  31,  2018  and December  31,  2017,  there  were  419,859  shares  and
453,567 shares of Series A Preferred Stock issued and outstanding, respectively. As of December 31, 2018  and December 31, 2017, there were  3,604,827  and
3,427,597  Series  B  Preferred  shares  issued  and  outstanding,  respectively. As  of December  31,  2018  and December  31,  2017,  there  were  10,057,597  and
13,151,989  shares  of  Series  B1  Preferred  Stock  issued  and  outstanding,  respectively. As  of December  31,  2018  and December  31,  2017,  there  were  0  and
31,568 shares of Series C Preferred Stock issued and outstanding, respectively.

Series A Preferred

Holders of outstanding shares of Series A Preferred are entitled to receive dividends, when, as, and if declared by our Board of Directors. No dividends or similar
distributions may be made on shares of capital stock or securities junior to our Series A Preferred until dividends in the same amount per share on our Series A
Preferred have been declared and paid. In connection with a liquidation, winding-up, dissolution or sale of the Company, each share of our Series A Preferred is
entitled to receive $1.49 prior to similar liquidation payments due on shares of our common stock or any other class of securities junior to the Series A Preferred.
Shares of Series A Preferred are not entitled to participate with the holders of our common stock with respect to the distribution of any remaining assets of the
Company.

Each share of Series A Preferred is entitled to that number of votes equal to the number of whole shares of common stock into which it is convertible. Generally,
holders of our common stock and Series A Preferred vote together as a single class.

Shares of Series A Preferred automatically convert into shares of our common stock on the earliest to occur of the following:

•

•

•

•

The affirmative vote or written consent of the holders of a majority of the then-outstanding shares of Series A Preferred;

If the closing market price of our common stock averages at least  $15.00 per share over a period of  20 consecutive trading days and the daily trading
volume averages at least 7,500 shares over such period;

If we consummate an underwritten public offering of our securities at a price per share not less than  $10.00 and for a total gross offering amount of at least
$10 million; or

If a sale of the Company occurs resulting in proceeds to the holders of Series A Preferred of a per share amount of at least  $10.00.

Each share of Series A Preferred converts into  one share of common stock, subject to adjustment.

Series B Preferred Stock and Temporary Equity

Dividends on our Series B Preferred Stock accrue at an annual rate of  6% of the original issue price of the preferred stock ($3.10 per share), subject to increase
under certain circumstances, and are payable on a quarterly basis. The dividends are payable by the Company, at the Company’s election, in registered common
stock of the Company (if available) or cash. In the event dividends are paid in registered common stock of the Company, the number of shares payable will be
calculated by dividing (a) the accrued dividend by (b) 90% of the arithmetic average of the volume weighted average price (VWAP) of the Company’s common
stock  for  the  10  trading  days  immediately  prior  to  the  applicable  date  of  determination  (the  “June  2015  Dividend  Stock  Payment  Price ”).  Notwithstanding  the
foregoing, in no event may the Company pay dividends in common stock unless the applicable June 2015 Dividend Stock Payment Price is above $2.91.  If  the
Company is prohibited from paying or chooses not to pay, the dividend in cash (due to contractual senior credit agreements or other restrictions) or is unable to
pay the dividend in registered common stock, the dividend can be paid in kind in Series B Preferred Stock shares at $3.10 per share.

The Series B Preferred Stock includes a liquidation preference (in the amount of  $3.10 per share) which is junior to the Company’s previously outstanding shares
of preferred stock, senior credit facilities and other debt holders as provided in further detail in the designation and senior to the Series C Preferred Stock and pari
passu with the Series B1 Preferred Stock.

The Series B Preferred Stock (including accrued and unpaid dividends) is convertible into shares of the Company’s common stock at the holder’s option at  $3.10
per share (initially a one-for-one basis). If the Company’s common stock trades at or above $6.20

F-31

EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

per share for a period of  20 consecutive trading days, the Company may at such time force conversion of the Series B Preferred Stock (including accrued and
unpaid dividends) into common stock of the Company.

The Series B Preferred Stock votes together with the common stock on an as-converted basis, provided that each holder’s voting rights are subject to and limited
by the Series B Beneficial Ownership Limitation described below.

The Company has the option to redeem the outstanding shares of Series B Preferred Stock at  $3.10 per share, plus any accrued and unpaid dividends on such
Series B Preferred Stock redeemed, at any time beginning on June 24, 2017, and the Company is required to redeem the Series B Preferred Stock at $3.10  per
share, plus any accrued and unpaid dividends, on June 24, 2020. Notwithstanding either of the foregoing, the Series B Preferred Stock may not be redeemed
unless and until amounts outstanding under the Company’s senior credit facility have been paid in full.

The Series B Preferred Stock contains a provision prohibiting the conversion of such Series B Preferred Stock into common stock of the Company, if upon such
conversion, the holder thereof would beneficially own more than 9.999% of the Company’s then outstanding common stock (the “Series B Beneficial Ownership
Limitation”).  The  Series  B  Beneficial  Ownership  Limitation  does  not  apply  to  forced  conversions  undertaken  by  the  Company  pursuant  to  the  terms  of  the
designation (summarized above).

On June 24, 2015, we closed the transactions contemplated by the June 19, 2015 Unit Purchase Agreement (the “ June 2015 Purchase Agreement”) we entered
into with certain institutional investors (the “June 2015 Investors ”), pursuant to which the Company sold the June 2015 Investors an aggregate of  8,064,534  units
(the “ June 2015 Units”), each consisting of (i) one share of Series B Preferred Stock and (ii)  one warrant to purchase one-half of a share of common stock of the
Company (each a “June 2015 Warrant ” and collectively, the “June 2015 Warrants ”). The June 2015 Units were sold at a price of  $3.10 per June 2015 Unit (the
“June 2015 Unit Price ”)  (a 6.1% premium to the closing bid price of the Company’s common stock on the NASDAQ Capital Market on the date the June 2015
Purchase  Agreement  was  entered  into  which  was $2.91  per  share  (the  “June  2015  Closing  Bid  Price”)).  The  June  2015  Warrants  have  an  exercise  price
o f $2.92  per  share  ($0.01  above  the  June  2015  Closing  Bid  Price).  Total  gross  proceeds  from  the  offering  of  the  June  2015  Units  (the  “ June  2015  Offering”)
were $25.0 million.

The Placement Agent received a commission equal to  6.5% of the gross proceeds (less $4.0 million raised from certain investors in the June 2015 Offering for
which they received no fee) from the June 2015 Offering, for an aggregate commission of $1.4 million which was netted against the proceeds.

In addition, under the June 2015 Purchase Agreement, the Company agreed to register the shares of common stock issuable upon conversion of the Series B
Preferred  Stock  and  upon  exercise  of  the  June  2015  Warrants  under  the  Securities  Act  of  1933,  as  amended,  for  resale  by  the  June  2015  Investors.  The
Company committed to file a registration statement on Form S-1 by the 30th day following the closing of the June 2015 Offering (which filing date was met) and
to cause the registration statement to become effective by the 90th day following the closing (or, in the event of a “full review”  by  the  Securities  and  Exchange
Commission, the 120th day following the closing), which registration statement was declared effective by the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 6,
2015. The June 2015 Purchase Agreement provides for liquidated damages upon the occurrence of certain events, including, but not limited to, the failure by the
Company  to  cause  the  registration  statement  to  become  effective  by  the  deadlines  set  forth  above.  The  amount  of  the  liquidated  damages  is 1.0%  of  the
aggregate subscription amount paid by a June 2015 Investor for the June 2015 Units affected by the event that are still held by the June 2015 Investor upon the
occurrence of the event, due on the date immediately following the event that caused such failure (or the 30th day following such event if the event relates to the
suspension of the registration statement as described in the June 2015 Purchase Agreement), and each 30 days thereafter, with such payments to be prorated
on a daily basis during each 30 day period, subject to a maximum of an aggregate of  6% per annum.

Under  the  June  2015  Purchase  Agreement,  the  Company  agreed  to  indemnify  the  June  2015  Investors  for  liabilities  arising  out  of  or  relating  to  (i)  any  untrue
statement of a material fact contained in the registration statement, (ii) any inaccuracy in the representations and warranties of the Company contained in the
June 2015 Purchase Agreement or the failure of the Company to perform its obligations under the June 2015 Purchase Agreement and (iii) any failure by the
Company  to  fulfill  any  undertaking  included  in  the  registration  statement,  subject  to  certain  exceptions.  The  Investors,  severally,  and  not  jointly  agreed  to
indemnify the Company against (i) any failure by such Investor to comply with the covenants and agreements contained in the June 2015 Purchase Agreement
and  (ii)  any  untrue  statement  of  a  material  fact  contained  in  the  registration  statement  to  the  extent  such  untrue  statement  was  made  in  reliance  upon  and  in
conformity  with  written  information  furnished  by  or  on  behalf  of  that  Investor  specifically  for  use  in  preparation  of  the  registration  statement,  subject  to  certain
exceptions.

F-32

EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

The Company agreed pursuant to the June 2015 Purchase Agreement, that until 60 days following effectiveness of the registration statement filed, to register the
shares of common stock underlying the Series B Preferred Stock and June 2015 Warrants (the “June 2015 Lock-Up Period”),  to  not  offer  or  sell  any  common
stock or securities convertible or exercisable into common stock, except pursuant to certain exceptions described in the June 2015 Purchase Agreement, and
each  of  the  Company’s  officers  and  directors  agreed  to  not  sell  or  offer  for  sale  any  shares  of  common  stock  until  the  end  of  the  June  2015  Lock-Up  Period,
subject to certain exceptions.

The Warrants issued in connection with the Series B Preferred Stock (Series B Warrants) were initially valued using the dynamic Black Scholes Merton formula
pricing model that computes the impact of share dilution upon the exercise of the warrant shares at approximately $7,028,067. In accordance with ASC 815-40-25
and ASC 815-10-15 Derivatives and Hedging and ASC 480-10-25 Liabilities-Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity, the convertible preferred shares are accounted
for net outside of stockholders' equity with the Warrants accounted for as liabilities at their fair value. The initial value assigned to the derivative warrant liability
was  recognized  through  a  corresponding  discount  to  the  Series  B  Preferred  Stock.  The  value  of  the  derivative  warrant  liability  will  be  re-measured  at  each
reporting period with changes in fair value recorded in earnings. The initial valuation of the warrants resulted in a beneficial conversion feature on the convertible
preferred stock of $5,737,796. The amounts related to the warrant discount and beneficial conversion feature will be accreted over the term as deemed dividend.
Fees in the amount of $1.4 million relating to the stock placement were netted against proceeds.

The following table represents the activity related to the Series B Preferred Stock, classified as Temporary Equity on the accompanying Consolidated Balance
Sheet, during the years ended December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017:

Balance at beginning of period
Less: conversions of shares to common
Plus: discount accretion
Plus: dividends in kind

Balance at end of period

2018

2017

$

$

7,190,467   $
(62,962)  
1,118,259  
654,444  

8,900,208   $

5,676,467
—
882,215
631,785

7,190,467

The  Series  B  Warrants  and  Series  B1  Warrants  were  revalued  at  December  31,  2018  and December  31,  2017  using  the  Dynamic  Black  Scholes  model  that
computes  the  impact  of  a  possible  change  in  control  transaction  upon  the  exercise  of  the  warrant  shares  at  approximately  $1,481,692  and  $ 2,245,408,
respectively. At December 31, 2018, the Series B Warrants and Series B1 Warrants were valued at approximately  $256,458  and $1,243,234,  respectively.  The
dynamic Black-Scholes inputs used were: expected dividend rate of 0%, expected volatility of  64%-100%, risk free interest rate of  2.63% (Series B Warrants) and
2.48% (Series B1 Warrants), and expected term of  2 years (Series B Warrants) and  3 years (Series B1 Warrants).

As  of December  31,  2018  and December  31,  2017,  respectively,  a  total  of  $ 167,642  and  $ 139,186  of  dividends  were  accrued  on  our  outstanding  Series  B
Preferred Stock.

The Certificate of Designation contains customary anti-dilution protection for proportional adjustments (e.g. stock splits). The beneficial conversion feature (BCF)
relates to potential difference between the effective conversion price (measured based on proceeds allocated to the Series B Preferred Stock) and the fair value
of the stock into which Preferred B Shares are currently convertible (common stock). If a conversion option embedded in a debt host instrument does not require
separate accounting as a derivative instrument under ASC 815, the convertible hybrid instrument must be evaluated under ASC 470-20 for the identification of a
possible  BCF.  The  BCF  will  be  initially  recognized  as  an  offsetting  reduction  to  Series  B  Preferred  Stock  (debit)  -  Temporary  Equity,  with  the  credit  being
recognized in equity (additional paid-in capital). The resulting debt issuance costs, debt discount, value allocated to warrants, and BCF should be accreted to the
Series B Preferred Stock to ensure that the Series B Preferred Stock balance is equal to its face value as of the redemption or conversion date, if conversion is
expected earlier.

The initial BCF of the Series B Preferred Stock was determined by calculating the intrinsic value of the conversion feature as follows:

F-33

EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

 
 
Face amount of Series B Preferred Stock
Less: allocated value of Warrants

Allocated value of Series B Preferred Stock
Shares of Common stock to be converted
Effective conversion price
Market price
Intrinsic value per share

Intrinsic value of beneficial conversion feature

Series B1 Preferred Stock and Temporary Equity

  $

  $

  $
  $
  $

  $

25,000,000
7,028,067

17,971,933
8,064,534
2.23
2.94
0.7115

5,737,796

Dividends  on  our  Series  B1  Preferred  Stock  accrue  at  an  annual  rate  of  6%  of  the  original  issue  price  of  the  preferred  stock  ($1.56  per  share),  subject  to
increases  under  certain  circumstances,  and  are  payable  on  a  quarterly  basis.  The  dividends  are  payable  by  the  Company,  at  the  Company’s  election,  in
registered  common  stock  of  the  Company  (if  available)  or  cash.  In  the  event  dividends  are  paid  in  registered  common  stock  of  the  Company,  the  number  of
shares payable will be calculated by dividing (a) the accrued dividend by (b) 90% of the arithmetic average of the volume weighted average price (VWAP) of the
Company’s  common  stock  for  the  10  trading  days  immediately  prior  to  the  applicable  date  of  determination  (the  “May  2016  Dividend  Stock  Payment  Price ”).
Notwithstanding the foregoing, in no event may the Company pay dividends in common stock unless the applicable May 2016 Dividend Stock Payment Price is
above $1.52.  If  the  Company  is  prohibited  from  paying,  or  chooses  not  to  pay,  the  dividend  in  cash  (due  to  contractual  senior  credit  agreements  or  other
restrictions)  or  is  unable  to  pay  the  dividend  in  registered  common  stock,  the  dividend  can  be  paid  in  kind  in  Series  B1  Preferred  Stock  shares  at $1.56  per
share.

The Series B1 Preferred Stock include a liquidation preference (in the amount of  $1.56 per share) which is junior to the Company’s previously outstanding shares
of preferred stock, except the Series B Preferred Stock, which it is pari passu with, senior credit facilities and other debt holders as provided in further detail in the
designation and senior to the Series C Preferred Stock.

The Series B1 Preferred Stock (including accrued and unpaid dividends) is convertible into shares of the Company’s common stock at the holder’s option at  $1.56
per  share  (initially  a one-for-one basis). If the Company’s common stock trades at or above  $3.90 per share for a period of  20  consecutive  trading  days,  after
certain triggering events occur, the Company may at such time force conversion of the Series B1 Preferred Stock (including accrued and unpaid dividends) into
common stock of the Company.

The  Series  B1  Preferred  Stock  votes  together  with  the  common  stock  on  an  as-converted  basis,  provided  that  each  holder’s  voting  rights  are  subject  to  and
limited by the Series B1 Beneficial Ownership Limitation described below.

The Company has the option to redeem the outstanding shares of Series B1 Preferred Stock at  $1.72 per share, plus any accrued and unpaid dividends on such
Series B1 Preferred Stock redeemed, at any time beginning on June 24, 2017, and the Company is required to redeem the Series B Preferred Stock at $1.56  per
share, plus any accrued and unpaid dividends, on June 24, 2020. Notwithstanding either of the foregoing, the Series B1 Preferred Stock may not be redeemed
unless and until amounts outstanding under the Company’s senior credit facility have been paid in full.

The  Series  B1  Preferred  Stock  and  May  2016  Warrants  (defined  below)  contain  provisions  prohibiting  the  conversion  of  such  Series  B1  Preferred  Stock  into
common  stock  of  the  Company,  if  upon  such  conversion,  the  holder  thereof  would  beneficially  own  more  than 9.999%  (4.999%  for  certain  holders)  of  the
Company’s then outstanding common stock (the “Series B1 Beneficial Ownership Limitation”). The Series B1 Beneficial Ownership Limitation does not apply to
forced conversions undertaken by the Company pursuant to the terms of the Designation (summarized above).

F-34

EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

 
 
On  May  10,  2016,  we  entered  into  a  Unit  Purchase  Agreement  (the  “ May  2016  Purchase  Agreement”)  with  certain  institutional  investors  (the  “ May  2016
Investors”),  pursuant  to  which,  on  May  13,  2016,  the  Company  sold  the  May  2016  Investors  an  aggregate  of  12,403,683  units  (the  "May  2016  Units”),  each
consisting of (i) one share of Series B1 Preferred Stock and (ii)  one warrant to purchase one-quarter of a share of common stock of the Company (each a “ May
2016 Warrant” and collectively, the " May 2016 Warrants”). The Units were sold at a price of  $1.56 per Unit (the “May 2016 Unit Price ”)  (a 2.6% premium to the
closing bid price of the Company’s common stock on the NASDAQ Capital Market on the date the May 2016 Purchase Agreement was entered into which was
$1.52 per share (the “May 2016 Closing Bid Price”)). The May 2016 Warrants have an exercise price of  $1.53 per share ($0.01 above the May 2016 Closing Bid
Price). Total gross proceeds from the offering of the Units (the “May 2016 Offering”) were  $19.4 million.

A total of $18,649,738 of the securities sold in the May 2016 Offering were purchased by investors who participated in the Company’s prior June 2015 offering of
Series B Preferred Stock and warrants to purchase shares of common stock. A total of 60% of the funds received from such investors were used to immediately
repurchase  such  investors’  Series  B  Preferred  Stock.  As  a  result,  a  total  of $11,189,838  of  the  proceeds  raised  in  the  May  2016  Offering  were  used  to
immediately repurchase and retire 3,575,070 shares of Series B Preferred Stock (the “ Repurchases”). Leaving net proceeds of approximately $8.2 million,  before
deducting placement agents’ fees and estimated offering expenses.

The  Placement  Agent  in  the  offering  received  a  commission  equal  to  6.5%  of  the  net  proceeds  from  the  May  2016  Offering,  after  affecting  the  Repurchases
described above, for an aggregate commission of $0.61 million which was netted against the proceeds raised.

In addition, under the May 2016 Purchase Agreement, the Company agreed to register the shares of common stock issuable upon conversion of the Series B1
Preferred Stock and upon exercise of the May 2016 Warrants under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, for resale by the May 2016 Investors. The Company
committed to file a registration statement on Form S-1 by the 30th day following the closing of the May 2016 Offering (which filing date was met) and to cause the
registration statement to become effective by the 90th day following the closing (or, in the event of a “full review” by the Securities and Exchange Commission,
the 120th day following the closing), which registration statement was declared effective by the SEC on August 10, 2016. The  May  2016  Purchase  Agreement
provides  for  liquidated  damages  upon  the  occurrence  of  certain  events,  including,  but  not  limited  to,  the  failure  by  the  Company  to  cause  the  registration
statement to become effective by the deadlines set forth above. The amount of the liquidated damages is 1.0% of the aggregate subscription amount paid by a
May 2016 Investor for the May 2016 Units affected by the event that are still held by the May 2016 Investor upon the occurrence of the event, due on the date
immediately following the event that caused such failure (or the 30th day following such event if the event relates to the suspension of the registration statement
as described in the May 2016 Purchase Agreement), and each 30 days thereafter, with such payments to be prorated on a daily basis during each 30 day period,
subject to a maximum of an aggregate of 6% per annum.

Under  the  May  2016  Purchase  Agreement,  the  Company  agreed  to  indemnify  the  May  2016  Investors  for  liabilities  arising  out  of  or  relating  to  (i)  any  untrue
statement of a material fact contained in the registration statement, (ii) any inaccuracy in the representations and warranties of the Company contained in the
May  2016  Purchase  Agreement  or  the  failure  of  the  Company  to  perform  its  obligations  under  the  May  2016  Purchase  Agreement  and  (iii)  any  failure  by  the
Company  to  fulfill  any  undertaking  included  in  the  registration  statement,  subject  to  certain  exceptions.  The  Investors,  severally,  and  not  jointly  agreed  to
indemnify the Company against (i) any failure by such Investor to comply with the covenants and agreements contained in the May 2016 Purchase Agreement
and  (ii)  any  untrue  statement  of  a  material  fact  contained  in  the  registration  statement  to  the  extent  such  untrue  statement  was  made  in  reliance  upon  and  in
conformity  with  written  information  furnished  by  or  on  behalf  of  that  Investor  specifically  for  use  in  preparation  of  the  registration  statement,  subject  to  certain
exceptions.

The Company agreed pursuant to the May 2016 Purchase Agreement, that until 60 days following effectiveness of the registration statement filed, to register the
shares of common stock underlying the Series B1 Preferred Stock and May 2016 Warrants (the “May 2016 Lock-Up Period”),  to  not  offer  or  sell  any  common
stock  or  securities  convertible  or  exercisable  into  common  stock,  except  pursuant  to  certain  exceptions  described  in  the  May  2016  Purchase  Agreement,  and
each  of  the  Company’s  officers  and  directors  agreed  to  not  sell  or  offer  for  sale  any  shares  of  common  stock  until  the  end  of  the  May  2016  Lock-Up  Period,
subject to certain exceptions.

F-35

EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

The  Warrants  issued  in  connection  with  the  Series  B1  Preferred  Stock  offering  (Series  B1  Warrants)  were  initially  valued  using  the  Dynamic  Black  Scholes
Merton  formula  pricing  model  that  computes  the  impact  of  share  dilution  upon  the  exercise  of  the  May  2016  Warrant  shares  at  approximately $2,867,264.  In
accordance with ASC 815-40-25 and ASC 815-10-15 Derivatives and Hedging and ASC 480-10-25 Liabilities-Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity, the convertible
Series B1 Preferred Stock shares are accounted for net outside of stockholders’ equity at $13,279,755 with the May 2016 Warrants accounted for as liabilities at
their fair value. The initial value assigned to the derivative warrant liability was recognized through a corresponding discount to the Series B1 Preferred Stock.
The value of the derivative warrant liability will be re-measured at each reporting period with changes in fair value recorded in earnings. This initial valuation of
the  warrants  resulted  in  a  beneficial  conversion  feature  on  the  convertible  preferred  stock  of  approximately $2,371,106.  The  amounts  related  to  the  warrant
discount and beneficial conversion feature will be accreted over the term as a deemed dividend. Fees in the amount of $0.6 million relating to the stock placement
were netted against proceeds.

The following table represents the activity related to the Series B1 Preferred Stock, classified as Temporary Equity on the accompanying Consolidated Balance
Sheet, for the year ended December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017:

Balance at beginning of period
Less: conversions of shares to common
Plus: discount accretion

Plus: dividends in kind

Balance at end of period

2018

2017

$

$

15,769,478   $
(5,068,602)  
841,754  

1,737,125  

13,279,755   $

13,927,788
(86,467)
798,548

1,129,609

15,769,478

For the years ending December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively, a total of $ 235,360 and $ 281,527 of dividends were accrued on our outstanding
Series B1 Preferred Stock.

The  Certificate  of  Designation  of  the  Series  B1  Preferred  Stock  contains  customary  anti-dilution  protection  for  proportional  adjustments  (e.g.  stock  splits).  The
May 2016 beneficial conversion feature (BCF) relates to the potential difference between the effective conversion price (measured based on proceeds allocated
to  the  Series  B1  Preferred  Stock)  and  the  fair  value  of  the  stock  into  which  Series  B1  Preferred  Stock  shares  are  currently  convertible  (common  stock).  If  a
conversion option embedded in a debt host instrument does not require separate accounting as a derivative instrument under ASC 815, the convertible hybrid
instrument must be evaluated under ASC 470-20 for the identification of a possible BCF. The May 2016 BCF will be initially recognized as an offsetting reduction
to  Series  B1  Preferred  Stock  (debit)  -  Temporary  Equity,  with  the  credit  being  recognized  in  equity  (additional  paid-in  capital). The  resulting  May  2016  debt
issuance costs, debt discount, value allocated to warrants, and BCF should be accreted to the Series B1 Preferred Stock to ensure that the Series B1 Preferred
Stock balance is equal to its face value as of the redemption or conversion date, if conversion is expected earlier.

The May 2016 BCF was determined by calculating the intrinsic value of the conversion feature as follows:

Face amount of Series B1 Preferred Stock
Less: allocated value of May 2016 Warrants

Allocated value of Series B1 Preferred Stock
Shares of Common stock to be converted
Effective conversion price
Market price
Intrinsic value per share

Intrinsic value of May 2016 beneficial conversion feature

F-36

May 13, 2016

19,349,745
2,867,264

16,482,481
12,403,683
1.33
1.52
0.19

2,371,106

  $

  $

  $
  $
  $

  $

EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

 
 
 
 
 
 
The following is an analysis of changes in the derivative liability:

Level Three Roll-Forward

Balance at beginning of period

Change in fair value of warrants

Balance at end of period

Series C Convertible Preferred Stock

Year Ended December 31,

2018

2017

  $

  $

2,245,408 $

(763,716)

1,481,692 $

4,365,992

(2,120,584)

2,245,408

On January 29, 2016, we sold  44,000 shares of Series C Preferred Stock (as described below) in consideration for  $4 million.

The Series C Convertible Preferred Stock ("Series C Preferred Stock"), authorized on January 29, 2016, does not accrue a dividend, but has participation rights
on an as-converted basis, to any dividends paid on the Company’s common stock (other than dividends paid solely in common stock). Each Series C Preferred
Stock share has a $100 face value, and a liquidation preference (in the amount of  $100 per share) which is junior to the Company’s previously outstanding shares
of preferred stock (including the Series B and B1 Preferred Stock), senior credit facilities and other debt holders as provided in further detail in the designation,
but senior to the common stock.

The Series C Preferred Stock is convertible into shares of the Company’s common stock at the holder’s option at any time at  $1.00 per share (initially each share
of Series C Preferred Stock is convertible into 100 shares of common stock (subject to adjustments for stock splits and recapitalizations)). The Series C Preferred
Stock votes together with the common stock on an as-converted basis (the "Voting Rights"), provided that each holder’s voting rights are subject to and limited by
the Series C Beneficial Ownership Limitation described below and provided further that notwithstanding any of the foregoing, solely for purposes of determining
the Voting Rights, the Voting Rights accorded to such Series C Convertible Preferred Stock will be determined as  if  converted  at  $1.05  per  share  (the  market
value  of  the  common  stock  as  of  the  close  of  trading  on  the  day  prior  to  the  original  issuance  date  of  the  Series  C  Preferred  Stock),  and  subject  to  equitable
adjustment as discussed in the designation. There are no redemption rights associated with the Series C Preferred Stock.

The Series C Preferred Stock contains a provision prohibiting the conversion of the Series C Preferred Stock into common stock of the Company, if upon such
conversion or exercise, as applicable, the holder thereof would beneficially own more than 4.999% of the Company’s then outstanding common stock (the “Series
C Beneficial Ownership Limitation”). The Series C Beneficial Ownership Limitation may be increased up and down on a per holder basis, with  61 days prior written
notice from any holder, provided the Series C Beneficial Ownership Limitation may never be higher than 9.999%.

So long as any shares of Series C Preferred Stock are outstanding, we are prohibited from undertaking any of the following without first obtaining the approval of
the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of Series C Preferred Stock: (a) increasing or decreasing (other than by redemption or conversion) the total
number of authorized shares of Series C Preferred Stock; (b) re-issuing any shares of Series C Preferred Stock converted; (c) creating, or authorizing the creation
of,  or  issuing  or  obligating  the  Company  to  issue  shares  of,  any  class  or  series  of  capital  stock  unless  the  same  ranks  junior  to  (and  not  pari  passu  with)  the
Series  C  Preferred  Stock  with  respect  to  the  distribution  of  assets  on  the  liquidation,  dissolution  or  winding  up  of  the  Company,  or  increasing  the  authorized
number of shares of any additional class or series of capital stock unless the same ranks junior to (and not pari passu with) the Series C Preferred Stock with
respect to the distribution of assets on the liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Company; (d) effecting an exchange, reclassification, or cancellation of all
or a part of the Series C Preferred Stock (except pursuant to the terms of the designation); (e) effecting an exchange, or creating a right of exchange, of all or part
of  the  shares  of  another  class  of  shares  into  shares  of  Series  C  Preferred  Stock  (except  pursuant  to  the  terms  of  the  designation);  (f)  issuing  any  additional
shares  of  Series  C  Preferred  Stock;  (g)  altering  or  changing  the  rights,  preferences  or  privileges  of  the  shares  of  Series  C  Preferred  Stock  so  as  to  affect
adversely  the  shares  of  such  series;  or  (h)  amending  or  waiving  any  provision  of  the  Company’s  Articles  of  Incorporation  or  Bylaws  relative  to  the  Series  C
Preferred Stock so as to affect adversely the shares of Series C Preferred Stock in any material respect as compared to holders of other series of shares.

F-37

EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

 
 
 
 
NOTE 15.  COMMODITY DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS

The  Company  utilizes  derivative  instruments  to  manage  its  exposure  to  fluctuations  in  the  underlying  commodity  prices  of  its  inventory.  The  Company's
management  sets  and  implements  hedging  policies,  including  volumes,  types  of  instruments  and  counterparties,  to  support  oil  prices  at  targeted  levels  and
manage its exposure to fluctuating prices.

The Company’s derivative instruments consist of swap and futures arrangements for oil. In a commodity swap agreement, if the agreed-upon published third-party
index price (“index price”) is lower than the swap fixed price, the Company receives the difference between the index price and the swap fixed price. If the index
price is higher than the swap fixed price, the Company pays the difference. For futures arrangements, the Company receives the difference positive or negative
between an agreed-upon strike price and the market price.

The  mark-to-market  effects  of  these  contracts  as  of  December  31,  2018,  are  summarized  in  the  following  table.  The  Company  held  no  open  contracts  at
December 31, 2017. The notional amount is equal to the total net volumetric derivative position during the period indicated. The fair value of the crude oil swap
agreements is based on the difference between the strike price and the New York Mercantile Exchange futures price for the applicable trading months.

Contract
Type

Contract Period

Weighted Average
Trade Price (Barrels)

Remaining Volume
(Barrels)

Fair Value

Swap
Swap
Futures
Futures

Dec. 2018- Feb. 2019
Dec. 2018- Feb. 2019
Feb. 2019- Mar. 2019
Dec. 2018- Feb. 2019

$
$
$
$

48.78
68.69
70.42
45.41

60,000 $
60,000 $
69,000 $
30,000 $

(1,048,400)
1,097,124
394,317
252,900

The carrying values of the Company's derivatives positions and their locations on the consolidated balance sheets as of  December 31, 2018 are presented in the
table below.

Balance Sheet Classification

Contract Type

2018

Derivative commodity asset
Derivative commodity asset

Crude oil swaps
Crude oil futures

Total Derivative commodity

$

$

48,724
647,217

695,941

F-38

EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTE 16.  JOINT VENTURE

On May 25, 2016, Vertex Recovery Management, LLC, our wholly-owned subsidiary (" VRM") and Industrial Pipe, Inc. (" Industrial Pipe"), formed a joint venture
Louisiana  limited  liability  company,  Vertex  Recovery  Management  LA,  LLC  ("VRMLA"). VRM  owns 51%  and  Industrial  Pipe  owns 49%  of  VRMLA. VRMLA  is
currently buying and preparing ferrous and non-ferrous scrap intended for large haul barge sales. We  consolidated 100%  of  VRMLA's  net  income  of $477,935
and $602,259 for the years ended  December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively, and then added the  49% or $234,188  and $295,108,  respectively,
income attributable to the non-controlling interest back to the Company's "Net income (loss) attributable to Vertex Energy, Inc." in the Consolidated Statement of
Operations.

NOTE 17.  SEGMENT REPORTING

The  Company’s  reportable  segments  include  the  Black  Oil,  Refining  and  Marketing  and  Recovery  segments.    Segment  information  for  the  years  ended
December 31, 2018 and 2017 are as follows:

Revenues
Income (loss) from operations
Total assets

Revenues

Income (loss) from operations
Total assets

YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2018

Black Oil

Refining and
Marketing

Recovery

Total

  $
  $
  $

143,836,981   $
3,561,223   $
76,540,888   $

22,935,482   $
(2,250,924)   $
1,407,002   $

13,948,198   $
(821,951)   $
6,212,518   $

180,720,661
488,348
84,160,408

YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2017

Black Oil

Refining and
Marketing

Recovery

Total

  $

  $
  $

107,988,551   $

20,097,325   $

17,413,216   $

145,499,092

(6,511,944)   $
75,709,845   $

(1,195,946)   $
3,454,010   $

651,627   $
5,141,619   $

(7,056,263)
84,305,474

NOTE 18. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

Issuance of Series B and B1 Preferred Stock Shares in-Kind

We paid the accrued dividends on our Series B Preferred Stock and Series B1 Preferred Stock, which accrued as of December 31, 2018, in-kind by way of the
issuance of 54,078 restricted shares of Series B Preferred Stock pro rata to each of the then holders of our Series B Preferred Stock in January 2019 and the
issuance of 150,872 restricted shares of Series B1 Preferred Stock pro rata to each of the then holders of our Series B1 Preferred Stock in January 2019. If
converted in full, the 54,078 shares of Series B Preferred Stock would convert into  54,078 shares of common stock and the  150,872 shares of Series B1
Preferred Stock would convert into 150,872 shares of common stock.

F-39

EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
   
Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure

None.

Item 9A. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

We  have  established  and  maintain  a  system  of  disclosure  controls  and  procedures  that  are  designed  to  provide  reasonable  assurance  that  information
required to be disclosed in our reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to the Exchange Act, is recorded, processed, summarized
and  reported  within  the  time  periods  specified  in  the  rules  and  forms  of  the  Commission  and  that  such  information  is  accumulated  and  communicated  to  our
management,  including  our  Chief  Executive  Officer  (CEO)  and  Chief  Financial  Officer  (CFO),  as  appropriate,  to  allow  timely  decisions  regarding  required
disclosures.

Management, with the participation of our CEO and CFO, evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures
(as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Exchange Act) as of December 31, 2018, the end of the fiscal period covered by this report. As of December
31, 2018, based on the evaluation of these disclosure controls and procedures, our CEO and CFO have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures
were not effective to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission
pursuant to the Exchange Act, is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the rules and forms of the Commission and
that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our CEO and CFO, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding
required disclosures.

Managements’ Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)
under the Exchange Act. Internal control over financial reporting is a process designed by, or under the supervision of, our CEO and CFO, and effected by the
Company’s board of directors, management or other personnel to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation
of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of
effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance
with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

Management of the Company has assessed the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018, using the criteria

established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO).

A material weakness is a deficiency, or combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility
that  a  material  misstatement  of  our  annual  or  interim  financial  statements  will  not  be  prevented  or  detected  on  a  timely  basis.  In  our  assessment  of  the
effectiveness  of  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  as  of  December  31,  2018,  we  determined  that  a  control  deficiency  existed  that  constituted  a  material
weakness, as described below:

• On September 30, 2018, we entered into a sale transaction in which we recognized the revenue in accordance with the bill and hold criteria under ASC
606. However, we did not perform a reconciliation in a timely matter, and inventory for this transaction was overstated at September 30, 2018. As of the
date of this filing, the Company has updated its controls related to the accuracy, cut-off, and completeness of inventory transactions.  In connection with
our  preparation  of  the  consolidated  financial  statements  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2018,  we  identified  certain  deficiencies  that  represented
deficiencies  and  significant  deficiencies  which  aggregated  to  a  material  weakness  as  of  December  31,  2018.    More  specifically,  we  did  not  design  or
maintain effective internal controls over the identification and recording of non-routine transactions, including adequate documentation of our assessments
and conclusions surrounding such transactions. While none of the items above resulted in a material adjustment to our consolidated financial statements,
we felt the combination of these deficiencies, resulted in a material weakness in our design and effectiveness of internal controls at December 31, 2018.

88

EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

The  material  weakness  described  above  could  have  resulted  in  disclosures  that  would  result  in  a  material  misstatement  of  the  consolidated  financial
statements that would not be prevented or detected. As of the date of this filing, we addressed the material weakness described above by (a) created system
generation  controls  to  strengthen  the  Company's  oversight,  and  (b)  implementing  additional  review,  documentation  and  disclosure  controls  and  procedures  to
facilitate high level management review in order to detect material errors in our financials.

As  a  result  of  the  material  weakness  described  above,  management  has  concluded  that  we  did  not  maintain  effective  internal  control  over  financial

reporting as of December 31, 2018, based on the criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by COSO.

In  light  of  the  material  weaknesses  described  above,  we  have  performed  additional  analysis  and  other  post-year  end  procedures  to  ensure  our
consolidated  financial  statements  are  prepared  in  accordance  with  generally  accepted  accounting  principles  and  we  have  contracted  with  experts,  where
necessary, for assistance in analyzing and determining the proper accounting and financial reporting treatment for various of the Company's complicated business
transactions.  Accordingly,  management  has  concluded  that  the  financial  statements  fairly  present  in  all  material  respects  our  financial  condition,  results  of
operations and cash flows as at, and for, the periods presented in this report.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

We regularly review our system of internal control over financial reporting to ensure we maintain an effective internal control environment. There were no
changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the year that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our
internal control over financial reporting.

Item 9B. Other Information

None.

89

EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance

PART III

The information required by this Item will be set forth under the headings “ Election of Directors”, “Executive Officers”, “Corporate  Governance”,  “Code  of
Conduct”, “Committees of the Board”, and “Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance” in the Company’s 2019 Proxy Statement to be filed with
the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) within 120 days after December 31, 2018 in connection with the solicitation of proxies for the Company’s
2019 annual meeting of shareholders and is incorporated herein by reference.

Item 11. Executive Compensation

The information required by this Item will be set forth under the headings “ Executive and Director Compensation”, “Executive Compensation”,  “Directors
Compensation”, “Outstanding Equity Awards at Fiscal Year-End”, “Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation ” and “Compensation  Committee
Report” (to the extent required), in the Company’s 2019 Proxy Statement to be filed with the SEC within 120 days after December 31, 2018 and is incorporated
herein by reference.

Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters

The  information  required  by  this  Item  will  be  set  forth  under  the  heading  “ Voting  Rights  and  Principal  Stockholders”  and  "Equity  Compensation  Plan

Information" in the Company’s 2019 Proxy Statement to be filed with the SEC within 120 days after December 31, 2018 and is incorporated herein by reference.

Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence

The information required by this Item will be set forth under the headings “ Certain Relationships and Related Transactions” and “Committees of the Board”

- “Director Independence” in the Company’s 2019 Proxy Statement to be filed with the SEC within 120 days after December 31, 2018 and is incorporated herein
by reference.

Item 14. Principal Accounting Fees and Services

The information required by this Item will be set forth under the heading " Ratification of Appointment of Auditors"-"Audit Fees" in the Company's 2019

Proxy Statement to be filed with the SEC within 120 days after December 31, 2018 and is incorporated herein by reference.

90

EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

PART IV

Item 15. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules

(a) Documents filed as part of this report

(1) All financial statements

Index to Consolidated Financial Statements

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2018

Consolidated Statements of  Operations for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(1)    Financial Statement Schedules

Page

F-2
F-4

F-6
F-7
F-8
F-9

Except  as  provided  above,  all  financial  statement  schedules  have  been  omitted,  since  the  required  information  is  not  applicable  or  is  not  present  in  amounts
sufficient  to  require  submission  of  the  schedule,  or  because  the  information  required  is  included  in  the  consolidated  financial  statements  and  notes  thereto
included in this Form 10-K.

(2) Exhibits required by Item 601 of Regulation S-K

The information required by this Section (a)(3) of Item 15 is set forth on the exhibit index that follows the Signatures page of this Form 10-K.

91

EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
EXHIBIT INDEX

Exhibit
Number

2.1(+)

2.2(+)
3.1

3.2

3.3

3.4

3.5
3.6

10.1(#)
10.2
10.3
10.4
10.5
10.6

10.7

10.8

10.9

10.10

Asset Purchase Agreement by and among Vertex Energy, Inc., Vertex
Energy Operating, LLC, Bango Oil, LLC and Safety-Kleen Systems, Inc.
(January 28, 2016)
Membership Interest Purchase Agreement (January 29, 2016), by and
among Vertex Refining NV, LLC, as buyer and Fox Encore 05 LLC, as
seller

  Articles of Incorporation (and amendments thereto) of Vertex Energy, Inc.
Amended and Restated Certificate of Designation of Rights, Preferences
and Privileges of Vertex Energy, Inc.’s Series A Convertible Preferred
Stock.
Amended and Restated Certificate of Designation of Vertex Energy, Inc.
Establishing the Designation, Preferences, Limitations and Relative Rights
of Its Series B Preferred Stock, filed with the Secretary of State of Nevada
on May 12, 2016
Amended and Restated Certificate of Designation of Vertex Energy, Inc.
Establishing the Designation, Preferences, Limitations and Relative Rights
of Its Series C Convertible Preferred Stock, filed with the Secretary of State
of Nevada on May 12, 2016
Certificate of Designation of Vertex Energy, Inc. Establishing the
Designation, Preferences, Limitations and Relative Rights of Its Series B1
Preferred Stock, filed with the Secretary of State of Nevada on May 12,
2016

  Amended and Restated Bylaws of Vertex Energy, Inc.

Tolling Agreement between KMTEX, Ltd. and Vertex Energy Inc., dated
April 17, 2013

  Vertex Energy, Inc., 2008 Stock Incentive Plan***
  2008 Stock Incentive Plan - Form of Stock Option Agreement***
  Vertex Energy, Inc., 2009 Stock Incentive Plan***
  2009 Stock Incentive Plan - Form of Stock Option Agreement***
  Vertex Energy, Inc. 2013 Stock Incentive Plan***

Vertex Energy, Inc.-Form of 2013 Stock Incentive Plan Stock Option
Award***
Vertex Energy, Inc.-Form of 2013 Stock Incentive Plan Restricted Stock
Grant Agreement***
Employment Agreement between Vertex Refining LA, LLC and James P.
Gregory (Effective May 2, 2014)***
Land Lease between Marrero Terminal LLC, as Landlord and Omega
Refining, LLC, as Tenant, relating to the Used Motor Oil Re-Refinery
Located at 5000 River Road, Marrero, Louisiana 70094, dated as of April
30, 2008 and amendments

92

Incorporated by Reference

Filed or
Furnished
Herewith

Form  

File No.

8-K

2.1

2/3/2016

001-11476

8-K
8-K/A

2.2
3.1

2/3/2016
6/26/2009

001-11476
000-53619

8-K

3.1

7/16/2010

000-53619

8-K

3.1

5/13/2016

001-11476

8-K

3.2

5/13/2016

001-11476

8-K
8-K

8-K
8-K/A
10-K
8-K
10-K
S-8

8-K

S-8

8-K

3.3
3.1

10.1
4.1
10.27
4.1
10.29
4.1

5/13/2016
1/15/2014

001-11476
001-11476

11/12/2013
6/26/2009
12/31/2012
7/31/2009
12/31/2012
7/28/2014

001-11476
000-53619
001-11476
000-53619
001-11476
333-197659

10.1

9/30/2013

001-11476

4.3

7/28/2014

333-197659

10.1

7/29/2014

001-11476

10-Q

10.22

6/30/2014

001-11476

EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

 
   
   
 
   
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
   
 
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
Incorporated by Reference

Filed or
Furnished
Herewith

Form  

File No.

10-Q

10.23

6/30/2014

001-11476

8-K

4.1

12/9/2014

001-11476

8-K

8-K

8-K

10-Q
10-Q
8-K

4.2

12/9/2014

001-11476

10.1

6/19/2015

001-11476

10.3

6/19/2015

001-11476

10.73
10.74
10.1

6/30/2015
6/30/2015
9/21/2015

001-11476
001-11476
001-11476

8-K/A

10.2

11/10/2015

001-11476

8-K

10.1

10/19/2015

001-11476

8-K

8-K

8-K
8-K

10.1

1/15/2016

001-11476

10.1

2/3/2016

001-11476

10.2
10.2

2/3/2016
5/13/2016

001-11476
001-11476

8-K

10.1

2/7/2017

001-11476

8-K

10.2

2/7/2017

001-11476

Exhibit
Number

10.11

10.12

10.13

10.14

10.15

10.16
10.17
10.18

Commercial Lease between Plaquemines Holdings, LLC as Landlord and
Omega Refining, LLC, as Tenant, relating to the Myrtle Grove Facility
Located at 278 East Ravenna Road, Myrtle Grove, LA, dated as of May 25,
2012 and amendments
Common Stock Purchase Warrant to purchase 109,934 shares of common
stock of the Company held by The Benjamin Paul Cowart 2012 Grantor
Retained Trust (December 4, 2014)
Common Stock Purchase Warrant to purchase 109,934 shares of common
stock of the Company held by The Shelley T. Cowart 2012 Grantor
Retained Trust (December 4, 2014)
Form of Unit Purchase Agreement dated June 19, 2015 by and between
Vertex Energy, Inc. and the purchasers named therein
Form of Warrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit B of the Form of Unit
Purchase Agreement incorporated by reference herein as Exhibit 10.32)
Executive Employment Agreement with Benjamin P. Cowart (August 7,
2015)***

  Executive Employment Agreement with Chris Carlson (August 7, 2015)***
  Amended and Restated 2013 Stock Incentive Plan ***

First Amendment to Processing Agreement between KMTEX LLC and
Vertex Energy, Inc., effective November 1, 2013
Executive Employment Agreement with John Strickland (COO), effective
October 1, 2015
Second Amendment to Processing Agreement between KMTEX LLC and
Vertex Energy, Inc., dated December 3, 2015 and effective January 1,
2016
Swap Agreement dated January 29, 2016, by Vertex Energy Operating,
LLC and Safety-Kleen Systems, Inc.
Base Oil Sales Agreement dated January 29, 2016, by Vertex Energy
Operating, LLC and Safety-Kleen Systems, Inc.

10.19(##)  

10.20

10.21(##)  

10.22(##)  

10.23(##)  
10.24

  Form of Warrant for May 2016 Unit Offering

Credit Agreement dated as of February 1, 2017, by and among Vertex
Energy Operating, LLC, as the Lead Borrower for the Borrowers named
therein, the Guarantors named therein, Encina Business Credit, LLC as
Agent and the Lenders party thereto
ABL Credit Agreement dated as of February 1, 2017, by and among Vertex
Energy Operating, LLC, as the Lead Borrower for the Borrowers named
therein, the Guarantors named therein, Encina Business Credit, LLC as
Agent and the Lenders party thereto

10.25

10.26

93

EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

 
   
   
 
   
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
Incorporated by Reference

Filed or
Furnished
Herewith

Form  

File No.

8-K

10.3

2/7/2017

001-11476

10-K

10.66

12/31/2016

001-11476

8-K

10.3

12/19/2017

001-11476

8-K

10.4

12/19/2017

001-11476

8-K
8-K/A

10.5
14.1

12/19/2017
2/13/2013

001-11476
001-11476

Form of Guaranty and Security Agreement, dated as of February 1, 2017,
by and among Vertex Energy Operating, LLC, Bango Oil LLC, Vertex
Refining NV, LLC, Vertex Refining OH, LLC, Vertex Merger Sub, LLC,
Vertex Refining LA, LLC, Vertex II GP, LLC, Vertex Acquisition Sub, LLC,
Cedar Marine Terminals, LP, Vertex Recovery, L.P., Golden State
Lubricants Works, LLC, Crossroad Carriers, L.P., Vertex Recovery
Management, LLC, Vertex Recovery Management LA, LLC H & H Oil,
L.P., and Vertex Energy, Inc. and each other grantor from time to time
party thereto and Encina Business Credit, LLC, as Agent
Third Amendment to Processing Agreement between KMTEX LLC and
Vertex Energy, Inc., entered into on December 14, 2016, and effective
January 1, 2017*
Form of First Amendment and Consent to Credit Agreement dated
October 9, 2017, by and among Vertex Energy, Inc., Vertex Energy
Operating, LLC, Encina Business Credit, LLC as Agent and the Lenders
party thereto
Second Amendment to Credit Agreement dated December 15, 2017, by
and among Vertex Energy, Inc., Vertex Energy Operating, LLC, Encina
Business Credit, LLC as Agent and the Lenders party thereto
First Amendment to ABL Credit Agreement dated December 15, 2017, by
and among Vertex Energy, Inc., Vertex Energy Operating, LLC, Encina
Business Credit, LLC as Agent and the Lenders party thereto

  Code of Ethical Business Conduct and Whistleblower Protection Policy
  Subsidiaries*
  Consent of Ham, Langston & Brezina, L.L.P.*

Certification of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the
Sarbanes-Oxley Act*
Certification of Principal Accounting Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the
Sarbanes-Oxley Act*
Certification of Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 906 of the
Sarbanes-Oxley Act**
Certification of Principal Accounting Officer Pursuant to Section 906 of the
Sarbanes-Oxley Act**

  X
  X

  X

  X

  X

  X

  Glossary of Selected Terms

10-K

99.1

12/31/2012

001-11476

Exhibit
Number

10.27

10.28
(###)

10.29

10.30

10.31
14.1
21.1
23.1

31.1

31.2

32.1

32.2
99.1

Charters Of The Compensation Committee; Audit Committee; Nominating
And Corporate Governance Committee; and Related Party Transaction
Committee

  Charter of Risk Committee
  Amended Charter of the Compensation Committee effective July 24, 2014    

99.2
99.3
99.4
101.INS   XBRL Instance Document

X

94

8-K/A
10-Q
10-Q

99.2
99.2
99.2

2/13/2013 001-11476

9/30/2013

001-11476

9/30/2014 001-11476

EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

 
   
   
 
   
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
   
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
Exhibit
Number

101.SCH   XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL   XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF   XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB   XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE   XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document

* Filed herewith.

** Furnished herewith.

*** Indicates management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.

Incorporated by Reference

Form  

File No.

Filed or
Furnished
Herewith

X
X
X
X
X

# Certain portions of these documents (which portions have been replaced by “ X’s”) have been omitted in connection with a request for Confidential Treatment
which has been accepted by the Commission. This entire exhibit including the omitted confidential information has been filed separately with the Commission.

## Certain portions of this document (which portions have been replaced by “ ***’s”) have been omitted in connection with a request for Confidential Treatment
which has been accepted by the Commission. This entire exhibit including the omitted confidential information has been filed separately with the Commission.

###  Certain  portions  of  this  document  as  filed  herewith  (which  portions  have  been  replaced  by  “ ***’s”)  have  been  omitted  in  connection  with  a  request  for

Confidential Treatment which has been submitted to the Commission in connection with this filing. This entire exhibit including the omitted confidential information

has been filed separately with the Commission. 

+ Certain schedules and exhibits have been omitted pursuant to Item 601(b)(2) of Regulation S-K. A copy of any omitted schedule or exhibit will be furnished
supplementally  to  the  Securities  and  Exchange  Commission  upon  request;  provided,  however  that  Vertex  Energy,  Inc.  may  request  confidential  treatment
pursuant to Rule 24b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, for any schedule or exhibit so furnished.

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its

behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

SIGNATURES

95

EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

 
   
   
 
   
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Date: March 5, 2019

Date: March 5, 2019

VERTEX ENERGY, INC.

By: /s/ Benjamin P. Cowart

Benjamin P. Cowart
Chief Executive Officer
(Principal Executive Officer)

By: /s/ Chris Carlson

Chris Carlson

Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Accounting/Financial Officer)

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the

registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

By:

/s/ Benjamin P. Cowart

By:

/s/ Chris Carlson

Benjamin P. Cowart
Chief Executive Officer
(Principal Executive Officer)
and Chairman
March 5, 2019

Date:

Chris Carlson
Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Accounting/Financial Officer)
March 5, 2019

Date:

By:

/s/ Christopher Stratton

By:

/s/ Dan Borgen

Christopher Stratton
Director

Dan Borgen
Director

Date:

March 5, 2019

Date:

March 5, 2019

By:

/s/ Timothy C. Harvey

Timothy C. Harvey
Director

By:

/s/ David Phillips

David Phillips
Director

Date:

March 5, 2019

Date:

March 5, 2019

By:

/s/ James P. Gregory
James P. Gregory
Director

Date:

March 5, 2019

96

EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
EXHIBIT 21.1

Subsidiaries

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

Vertex Energy Operating, LLC, a Texas Limited Liability Company (wholly-owned)(“ Vertex Operating”)

E-Source Holdings, LLC, a Texas Limited Liability Company (wholly-owned)

Vertex Refining OH, LLC, an Ohio Limited Liability Company (wholly-owned by Vertex Operating)

Vertex Refining, LA,, LLC, a Louisiana Limited Liability Company (wholly-owned)

Vertex Recovery Management, LLC, a Texas Limited Liability Company (wholly-owned)

Vertex Recovery Management LA, LLC, a Louisiana Limited Liability Company (51% owned by Vertex Recovery Management, LLC and 49% owned by
Industrial Pipe, Inc.)

Vertex Acquisition Sub, LLC, a Nevada Limited Liability Company (“ Vertex Acquisition”) (wholly-owned by Vertex Operating)

Wholly-owned subsidiaries of Vertex Acquisition:

◦ Cedar Marine Terminals, L.P., a Texas limited partnership

◦ Crossroad Carriers, L.P., a Texas limited partnership

◦ Vertex Recovery, L.P., a Texas limited partnership

◦ H&H Oil, L.P., a Texas limited partnership

EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

EXHIBIT 23.1

CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

We hereby consent to the incorporation by reference in (a) Registration Statement No. 333-162290 (as amended) on Form S-8; (b) Registration Statement No.
333-197659 on Form S-8; (c) Registration Statement No. 333-207157 on Form S-8; (d) Registration Statement No. 333-197494 on Form S-3, (e) Registration
Statement No. 333-189107 on Form S-3, (f) Registration Statement No. 333-205871 on Form S-1, (g) Registration Statement No. 333-211955 on Form S-1, and
(h) Registration Statement No. 333-207156 on Form S-1 of Vertex Energy, Inc., of our report dated March 5, 2019, relating to the consolidated financial
statements which appear in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

/s/ Ham, Langston & Brezina L.L.P.

Houston, Texas
March 5, 2019

EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

 
 
 
EXHIBIT 31.1

I, Benjamin P. Cowart, certify that:

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO
SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

1.

2.

3.

4.

I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10-K of Vertex Energy, Inc.;

Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the
statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial
condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

The registrant's other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in
Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for
the registrant and have:

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to
ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those
entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our
supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external
purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the
effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal
quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an Annual Report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect,
the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and

5.

The registrant's other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the
registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a)

(b)

All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably
likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control
over financial reporting.

Date: March 5, 2019

By:

/s/ Benjamin P. Cowart

Benjamin P. Cowart
Chief Executive Officer

(Principal Executive Officer)

EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
EXHIBIT 31.2

I, Chris Carlson, certify that:

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO
SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

1.

2.

3.

4.

I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10-K of Vertex Energy, Inc.;

Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the
statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial
condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

The registrant's other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in
Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for
the registrant and have:

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to
ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those
entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our
supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external
purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the
effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal
quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an Annual Report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect,
the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and

5.

The registrant's other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the
registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a)

(b)

All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably
likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control
over financial reporting.

Date: March 5, 2019

By:

 /s/ Chris Carlson
Chris Carlson
Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Accounting and Financial Officer)

EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
EXHIBIT 32.1

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SS. 1350 
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO  SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Annual Report of Vertex Energy, Inc. (the " Company") on Form 10-K for the period ended  December 31, 2018, as filed with the

Securities and Exchange Commission (the "Report"), I, Benjamin P. Cowart, Principal Executive Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. ss. 1350,
as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that, to my knowledge:

(1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

(2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Date: March 5, 2019

By:

/s/ Benjamin P. Cowart

Benjamin P. Cowart

Chief Executive Officer
(Principal Executive Officer)

This certification accompanies this Report on Form 10-K pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and shall not, except to the extent

required by such Act, be deemed filed by the Company for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”).
Such certification will not be deemed to be incorporated by reference into any filing under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Exchange Act, except to
the extent that the Company specifically incorporates it by reference. A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906 has been provided to the
Company and will be retained by the Company and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.

EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.

 
 
 
 
 
 
EXHIBIT 32.2

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SS. 1350 
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO  SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Annual Report of Vertex Energy, Inc. (the " Company") on Form 10-K for the period ended  December 31, 2018, as filed with the
Securities and Exchange Commission (the "Report"), I, Chris Carlson, Principal Accounting Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. ss. 1350, as
adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that, to my knowledge:

(1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

(2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Date: March 5, 2019

By:

 /s/ Chris Carlson
Chris Carlson
Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Accounting and Financial Officer)

This certification accompanies this Report on Form 10-K pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and shall not, except to the extent

required by such Act, be deemed filed by the Company for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”).
Such certification will not be deemed to be incorporated by reference into any filing under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Exchange Act, except to
the extent that the Company specifically incorporates it by reference. A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906 has been provided to the
Company and will be retained by the Company and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.

EDGAR Stream is a copyright of Issuer Direct Corporation, all rights reserved.