Quarterlytics / Consumer Cyclical / Furnishings, Fixtures & Appliances / Virco Mfg. Corporation

Virco Mfg. Corporation

virc · NASDAQ Consumer Cyclical
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Ticker virc
Exchange NASDAQ
Sector Consumer Cyclical
Industry Furnishings, Fixtures & Appliances
Employees 810
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FY2013 Annual Report · Virco Mfg. Corporation
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2013 ANNUAL R EPOR T
VIRCO  M FG. CO RP OR ATI O N

May 12, 2014

To The Stockholders of Virco Mfg. Corporation:

We achieved a number of internal operating goals in fiscal 2013.  Unfortunately, continued weakness in our core K-12 public 
school market failed to deliver enough revenue to fully realize the potential of these improvements.

Revenue declined 1.8% from $158,856,000 to $155,920,000.  This is the longest market downturn in Virco’s 64-year corporate 
history, and we believe it offers harsh evidence of the stubborn weakness in local economies across most regions of the country. 

Despite last year’s modest decline in revenue, our operating results continued to improve.  Gross profit grew 3.6% from 
$51,552,000 to $53,432,000, a margin of 34.3%.  SG&A expense was virtually unchanged at $53,312,000 vs. $53,465,000 the 
prior year.  EBITDA improved 47%, increasing from $1,885,000 last year to $2,778,000 this year.  Cash flow reflected improved 
operating results as well as the continuing favorable balance between capital expenditures and depreciation, offset by modest 
gains in inventory as we prepared for 2014. 

We also recently announced a reorganization of our Board of Directors, as well as the adoption of new corporate governance 
guidelines.  As more fully described in this year’s proxy, we believe these changes will enhance our ability to respond to future 
opportunities while also offering substantial cost savings.  We have also submitted a number of proposals for stockholder 
consideration that, if approved, would align Virco’s governance structure and stockholder responsiveness with current best 
practices at a majority of public companies. 

On a hopeful note, we are beginning to see perhaps the earliest stages of a rebound in day-to-day public school spending for 
furniture and equipment.   The mix of revenue in last year’s fourth quarter included a higher proportion of fill-in and replacement 
orders, which tend to be tax funded.   Compared with orders for bond-supported new school construction, these fill-in orders 
are less volatile and more evenly distributed across the country.   In past recoveries, an uptick in tax-based replacement orders 
has often been one of the earliest indicators that the school funding environment is improving.  To support this apparent shift in 
demand, we have increased our inventory of the products typically ordered as replacements.

In terms of product mix, we are also seeing a definite upward trend for products released in the last several years.  We’re especially 
gratified by the enthusiasm for our Healthy Movement® collection of sensory integration furniture.  As a group, these designs—
including our Zuma® rocking chairs, stand-up desks, and adjustable task chairs for smaller students—have been found to reduce 
what teachers and occupational therapists refer to as ‘out of seat’ behavior.

When students are able to stay on task, their performance improves and discipline issues are reduced.  This also improves their 
overall sense of inclusion, as described in many of the testimonials we’ve received.  While Healthy Movement furniture is sometimes 
thought of as being primarily for students with cognitive challenges, our growing number of case histories confirms its benefits for 
all students, regardless of individual abilities or learning styles.

Another trend we’re happy to support is the re-introduction of practical skills training (formerly called shopclass or vocational 
training).   The Great Recession has highlighted the fact that certain kinds of hands-on skills may offer better employment 
opportunities than generic ‘knowledge work.’  As we have discovered in our own U.S. factories it’s not a case of either/or—
practical skills vs. technical knowledge—but rather it’s both, intelligently combined.  Many curricula now feature a blending of 
technology with materials and skills training.  Our new Text® and Tetra™ tables comfortably support these hybrid lesson plans with 
durable steel frames, plug-and-play connectivity, as well as chemical resistant worksurfaces and replaceable ‘spoil boards’ for more 
aggressive projects.  As with all of our table series, these feature adjustable heights, castered legs for easy mobility, and sturdy 
fixed-height stand-up units.

In short, we believe we’re finally starting to see the replacement of fully depreciated classroom furniture with modern designs that 
support positive changes in curricula and classroom ergonomics.  We also believe these trends will be positive for our educational 
customers and the nation as a whole.  We have long supported good ergonomics, inclusiveness, and the intelligent blending 
of technology with hands-on skills.  That our furniture reflects our beliefs should come as no surprise.  That it can be of help to 
students, educators, employers, and ultimately our stockholders, makes it even more rewarding.

Sincerely,

Robert A. Virtue

President, Chairman of the Board  
and Chief Executive Officer

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

(Mark One)
È Annual Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15 (d) of the

Securities Exchange Act of 1934

‘ Transition Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15 (d) of the

For the fiscal year ended January 31, 2014.

Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the transition period from

to
Commission file number 1-8777

VIRCO MFG. CORPORATION

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

DELAWARE
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
2027 Harpers Way, Torrance, California
(Address of principal executive offices)

95-1613718
(IRS Employer
Identification No.)
90501
(Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code (310) 533-0474
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class

Name of each exchange on which registered:

Common Stock, $0.01 Par Value

NASDAQ

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None

Indicate by check mark if the issuer is a well-known seasoned issuer as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities

Act. Yes ‘ No È

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Exchange

Act. Yes ‘ No È

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the

Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file
such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes È No ‘

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every
Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during
the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes È No ‘
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (§229.405 of this chapter) is
not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements
incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. È

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a
smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in
Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
Large accelerated filer ‘
Non-accelerated filer ‘ (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)

‘
Accelerated filer
Smaller reporting company È

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.)

Yes ‘ No È

The aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant on July 31,

2013, was $36 million (based upon the closing price of the registrant’s common stock on such day, as reported by the NASDAQ).

As of April 1, 2014, there were 14,718,414 shares of the registrant’s common stock ($0.01 par value) outstanding.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

Portions of the Registrant’s definitive proxy statement for its 2014 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be filed with the
Securities and Exchange Commission are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K as set forth
herein.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I

Item 1. Business

Item 1A. Risk Factors

Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments

Item 2. Properties

Item 3. Legal Proceedings

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

PART II

Item  5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity 
Securities

Item 6. Selected Financial Data

Item  7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

Item  9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosures

Item 9A. Controls and Procedures

Item 9B. Other Information

PART III

Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers of the Registrant and Corporate Governance

Item 11. Executive Compensation

Item  12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters

Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence

Item 14. Principal Accounting Fees and Services

PART IV

Item 15. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules

SIGNATURES

POWER OF ATTORNEY

EX-10.34

EX-21.1
EX-23.1

EX-31.1

EX-31.2

EX-32.1

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PART I

Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

This report on Form 10-K contains a number of “forward-looking statements” that reflect Virco Mfg. Corporation's ( the 
"Company" or "Virco") current views with respect to future events and financial performance, including, but not limited to, 
availability of funding for educational institutions, statements regarding plans and objectives of management for future 
operations, including plans and objectives relating to products, pricing, marketing, expansion, manufacturing processes, and 
business strategies; the Company's ability to continue to control costs and inventory levels; availability and cost of raw 
materials, especially steel and petroleum-based products; the availability and cost of labor; the potential impact of the 
Company's “Assemble-To-Ship” program on earnings; market demand; the Company's ability to position itself in the market; 
references to current and future investments in and utilization of infrastructure; statements relating to management's beliefs 
that cash flow from current operations, existing cash reserves, and available lines of credit will be sufficient to support the 
Company's working capital requirements to fund existing operations; references to expectations of future revenues; pricing; 
and seasonality.

Such statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties, assumptions and other factors, many of which are out of the 
Company's control and difficult to forecast, that may cause actual results to differ materially from those which are anticipated. 
Such factors include, but are not limited to, changes in, or the Company's ability to predict, general economic conditions, the 
availability and cost of raw materials, the markets for school and office furniture generally and specifically in areas and with 
customers with which the Company conducts its principal business activities, the rate of approval of school bonds for the 
construction of new schools, the extent to which existing schools order replacement furniture, customer confidence, competition 
and other factors included in the “Risk Factors” section of this report.

In this report, words such as “anticipates,” “believes,” “expects,” “will continue,” “future,” “intends,” “plans,” “estimates,” 
“projects,” “potential,” “budgets,” “may,” “could” and similar expressions identify forward-looking statements. Readers are 
cautioned not to place undue reliance on forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date hereof.

Throughout this report, our fiscal years ended January 31, 2010, January 31, 2011, January 31, 2012, January 31, 2013 and 
January 31, 2014 are referred to as years 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012 and 2013, respectively.

Please note that this report includes trademarks of Virco, including, but not limited to, the following: ZUMA®, ZUMAfrd™, 
Ph.D.®, I.Q.® , Virtuoso®, Classic Series™, Martest 21®, Lunada®, Plateau®, Core-a-Gator®, Future Access®, Sigma®, 
Metaphor®, Telos®, TEXT®, Parameter®, Sage™, Analogy™ and Civitas™.  Solely for convenience, from time to time, we refer 
to our trademarks in this report without the ® and ™ symbols, but such references are not intended to indicate that we will not 
assert, to the fullest extent under applicable law, our rights to our trademarks. In addition, other names and brands included in 
this report may be claimed by us as well or by third parties.

Item 1. Business

Introduction

Designing, producing and distributing high-value furniture for a diverse family of customers is a 64-year tradition at Virco Mfg. 
Corporation (“Virco” or the “Company”, or in the first person, “we”, “us” and “our”).  Virco was incorporated in California in 
February 1950, and reincorporated in Delaware in April 1984.  Though Virco started as a local manufacturer of chairs and 
desks for Los Angeles-area schools, over the years, Virco has become the largest manufacturer and supplier of moveable 
educational furniture and equipment for the preschool through 12th grade market in the United States.  The Company now 
manufactures a wide assortment of products, including mobile tables, mobile storage equipment, desks, computer furniture, 
chairs, activity tables, folding chairs and folding tables.  Additionally, Virco has worked with accomplished designers - such as 
Peter Glass, Richard Holbrook, and Bob Mills - to develop additional products for contemporary applications.  These include 
the best-selling ZUMA Series; the recently introduced Analogy and Civitas furniture collections; Metaphor and Sage Series 
items for educational settings; the Ph.D. Executive seating line; and the wide-ranging Plateau Series. 

Along with serving customers in the education market - which in addition to preschool through 12th grade public and private 
schools includes: junior and community colleges; four-year colleges and universities; trade, technical and vocational schools - 
Virco is a leading furniture and equipment supplier for convention centers and arenas; the hospitality industry with respect to 
banquet and meeting facilities; government facilities at the federal, state, county and municipal levels; and places of worship.  
We also sell to wholesalers, distributors, traditional retailers and catalog retailers that serve these same markets.

To meet the furniture and equipment needs of our customers, Virco operates a 560,000 sq. ft. office, manufacturing and 
warehousing facility located on 23.5 acres of land in Torrance, California; this facility includes our corporate headquarters, 

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West Coast showroom, and all West Coast distribution operations.  To complement our California-based operations, Virco owns 
100 acres of land in Conway, Arkansas, containing 1,200,000 sq. ft. of manufacturing, warehousing, and office space.  With 
high-density storage systems, 70 dock doors dedicated to outbound freight, and substantial yard capacity to store and stage 
trailers, this facility supports Virco's ability to handle increased sales during our peak summer delivery season and enhances the 
efficiency with which orders are filled.  Virco also operates two other facilities in Conway. The first is a 375,000 sq. ft. factory - 
acquired in 1954, and expanded and modernized in subsequent years - where a variety of operations take place, including the 
manufacture of fabricated steel components, chrome plating, and plastic injection-molding; components generated here are 
transferred to other facilities for assembly into finished goods. The second is a 175,000 sq. ft. manufacturing facility where 
compression-molded hard plastic components are fabricated and stored.

Because the product needs and preferences of our customers continue to evolve - and in response to competitive furniture and 
equipment offerings from domestic and offshore suppliers - Virco maintains an ongoing new product development program.  
We've worked with accomplished designers - such as Peter Glass, Richard Holbrook, and Bob Mills - to introduce exciting 
furniture and equipment solutions for contemporary applications.  Over the past three years, Virco has launched a substantial 
number of new products, including the following.

In 2011, Virco introduced the Sage™ Contract and Civitas™ seating lines.  Combining Virco's super-comfortable Sage shell 
with a sleek, new-look frame, Sage Contract chairs are great for offices and reception areas, colleges, hospitality venues and 
other adult environments.  Civitas chair and stool models - available in 18”, 25” and 30” seat-heights with either a Sage, shell, 
an ergonomically contoured ZUMA® Series shell, or highly sustainable ZUMAfrd™ seat and back components made of 
Fortified Recycled Wood™ hard plastic - provide exceptional seating solutions for foodservice, libraries, media centers, 
circulation areas and related venues.  Other 2011 product releases included: 53 Series steel storage cabinets; an expanded range 
of 53 Series lateral files; special versions of Virco's 543 and 546 Series desks with wire management capabilities; HWT (hinged 
wire trough) technology tables for computer labs and related applications; an array of 36” wide Plateau® and 2BC Series 
bookcases; adjustable-height versions of Virco's 120, 121 and 122 Series stools; and three ZUMA rocking chairs with “bump” 
glides designed for environments where limited motion may be desired, such as areas for children with severe sensory 
integration problems or Autism.  

In 2012, to complement the recently released Civitas chair and stool collection, Virco introduced an assortment of Civitas cafe 
table tops and tulip-shaped table bases.  Tops are available in a variety of round, square and “squircle” shaped sizes and can be 
ordered with three different eye-catching edge profiles, while bases come in three heights to coordinate with the Civitas line's 
18”, 25” and 30” seat-height chair and stools.  Other 2012 product releases included: a new collection of Sage rocking chairs; 
53 Series wardrobe tower cabinets; new Parameter® file credenzas and additional Parameter mobile pedestals; a selection of 
24” wide TEXT® seminar tables; Metaphor® sled-based chair/desk combo units; a wheelchair-accessible version of the 
ZUMA cantilevered single-student desk; CT Series tables with a hand crank mechanism for top height adjustment; new oval 
mobile tables with attached benches or stools; and several mobile cabinet models with a magnetic marker back.  

In 2013, Virco introduced the Analogy™ classroom furniture collection.  Designed for Virco by Peter Glass and Bob Mills, the 
affordable, ergonomically contoured Analogy line includes fixed-height 4-leg chairs, adjustable task chairs and lab stools, steel-
frame rockers and a selection of 4-leg and sled-based chair desk combo units.  New Agile Combo units - also released in 2013 - 
provide an appropriate level of mobility to effectively enhance in-class collaboration.  Every Agile Combo model has a hooded, 
twin-wheel soft caster with a “sit-lock” compression-brake on each of its front legs.  With this two-caster configuration, Agile 
Combos - unlike competing units with casters on all four legs - prevent students from “rolling around” disruptively while 
seated.  Instead, when an instructor asks students to move their Agile Combos to facilitate a particular lesson plan, they can do 
so in an orderly manner by getting out of their seats and using the convenient hand-hold near the top of the Agile Combo 
backrest.  For added stability when units aren’t being moved, the rear legs of Agile Combos have rubber-base swivel glides.  
Agile Combo models can be ordered with a ZUMA shell, a Sage™ shell or an Analogy shell.  Other 2013 product introductions 
included: a selection of ZUMA and Sage chairs with integral tubular steel arms; several new Parameter desks and workstations, 
including L-configuration units with curved-corner or notched-corner tops; and wheelchair-accessible ZBOOM single-student 
desks that support collaborative learning; mobile Textameter™ instructor workstations; and elegant Civitas™ chairs and stools 
with a contoured plywood seat and back.  Products targeted for release in 2014 include: Civitas 4-leg table bases; a new table 
collection for learning environments; additional oval mobile tables; a new ergonomically contoured classroom seating line, and 
instructor media stations that will be made using Virco’s impressive flat metal forming capabilities.

Virco's flat metal forming and other production capabilities are further enhanced when combined with our Assemble-to-Ship 
(“ATS”) strategy, which allows for the manufacture and storage of common components during the portion of the year when 
demand for our product is low followed by assembly to customer-specific combinations prior to shipment. The combination of 
flat metal forming and ATS enables Virco to offer various products - including an array of desks at three price points - that 
provide a variety of furniture solutions for customer applications in a wide range of environments.

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As of January 31, 2014, the Company's employment force was approximately 700, manufacturing its products in 1.1 million 
square feet of fabrication facilities and 1.2 million square feet of assembly and warehousing facilities in Torrance, California 
and Conway, Arkansas.  Additionally, the Company's PlanSCAPE® project management software allows its sales 
representatives to provide CAD layouts of classrooms, as well as classroom-by-classroom planning documents for the 
budgeting, acquisition and installation of furniture, fixtures and equipment (“FF&E”).

In recent years, due to budgetary pressures, many schools have reduced or eliminated central warehouses, janitorial services, 
and professional purchasing functions.  As a result, fewer school districts administer their own bids, and are more likely to use 
regional, state, or national contracts.  A shift to site-based management combined with reductions in professional purchasing 
personnel has increased the reliance of schools on suppliers that provide for a variety of needs from one source rather than 
administering different vendor relationships for each item.  In response to these changes, the Company has expanded both the 
products and the services it provides to its educational customers.  Now, in addition to buying furniture FOB Factory, customers 
can purchase furniture for delivery to warehouses and school sites, and can also purchase full-service furniture delivery that 
includes the installation of the furniture in classrooms.  Because the Company has been aggressively developing new furniture 
lines to enhance the range of products it manufactures - and by purchasing furniture and equipment from other companies for 
re-sale with Virco products - the Company is now able to provide “one-stop shopping” for all FF&E needs in the K-12 market.

The expansion of the Company's product line combined with the expansion of its services over the years has provided Virco 
with the ability to serve various markets including the education market (the Company's primary market), which is made up of 
public and private schools (preschool through 12th grade), junior and community colleges; four-year colleges and universities; 
and trade, technical and vocational schools.  Virco also serves convention centers and arenas; the hospitality industry with 
respect to banquet and meeting facilities; government facilities at the federal, state, county and municipal levels; and places of 
worship.  In addition, the Company also sells to wholesalers, distributors, traditional retailers and catalog retailers that serve 
these same markets.

Virco serves its customers through a well-trained, nationwide sales and support team.  Virco's educational product line is 
marketed through an extensive direct sales force, as well as through a growing dealer network.  In addition, Virco has a 
Corporate Sales Group to pursue wholesalers, mail order accounts and national chains where management believes that it 
would be more efficient to have a single sales representative or group service such customers, as they tend to have needs that 
transcend the geographic boundaries established for Virco's local accounts.  The Company also has an array of support services, 
including complete package solutions for the FF&E line item on school budgets; computer-assisted layout planning; 
transportation planning; and product delivery, installation, and repair.

Another important element of Virco's business model is the Company's emphasis on developing and maintaining key 
manufacturing, assembly, distribution, and service capabilities.  For example, Virco has developed competencies in several 
manufacturing processes that are important to the markets the Company serves, such as finishing systems, plastic molding, 
metal fabrication and woodworking.  Virco's physical facilities are designed to support its ATS strategy.  Warehouses have 
substantial staging areas combined with a large number of dock doors to support the seasonal peak in shipments during summer 
months.

During the last decade, many furniture manufacturers closed their domestic manufacturing facilities and began importing 
increasing quantities of furniture from international sources.  During this same period, Virco elected to significantly reduce its 
work force, but retain its domestic factory locations.  In recent years, the Company believes that its domestic manufacturing 
capabilities have evolved into a significant strength.  The Company has effectively used product selection, color selection, and 
dependable execution of delivery and installation to customers to enhance its market position.  With increasing costs from 
international sources and increasing freight costs, our factories are cost-competitive for bulky educational furniture and 
equipment items.  The Company's ATS strategy allows for low-cube component parts to be sourced globally, with fabrication of 
bulky welded steel frames, wood tops, and larger molded-plastic components to be performed locally.  Domestic production of 
laminated wood tops and molded plastic enables the Company to market a color palette that cannot be matched in a short 
delivery window by imported finished goods.  Domestic assembly allows the Company to use standard ATS components to 
assemble customer-specific product and color combinations shortly prior to delivery and installation.

Finally, management continues to hone Virco's ability to finance, manufacture and warehouse furniture within the relatively 
narrow delivery window associated with the highly seasonal demand for education sales. In 2012 and 2013, approximately 50% 
of the Company's total sales were delivered in June, July, and August with an even higher portion of educational sales delivered 
in that period.  Shipments of furniture in July and August can be six times greater than in the seasonally slow winter months.  

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Virco's substantial warehouse space allows the Company to build adequate inventories to service this narrow delivery window 
for the education market.

Principal Products

Virco produces the broadest line of furniture for the K-12 market of any manufacturer in the United States.  By supplementing 
products manufactured by Virco with products from other manufacturers, Virco provides a comprehensive product assortment 
that covers substantially all products and price points that are traditionally included on the FF&E line item on a new school 
project or school budget.  Virco also provides a variety of products for preschool markets and has recently developed products 
that are targeted for college, university, and corporate learning center environments.  The Company has an ambitious and on-
going product development program featuring products developed in-house as well as products developed with accomplished 
designers. The Company's primary furniture lines are constructed of tubular metal legs and frames, combined with wood and 
plastic tops, plastic seats and backs, upholstered seats and backs, and upholstered rigid polyethylene and polypropylene shells.  
Virco also has flat metal forming capabilities to enable the production of desks, returns, bookcases, filing cabinets, mobile 
pedestals and related items.

Virco's principal manufactured products include:

SEATING - The ergonomically supportive ZUMA® line designed by Peter Glass and Bob Mills posted the highest initial-year 
new product sales total in the Company's history. In addition to fixed-height 4-leg chairs, the ZUMA line includes cantilever 
chairs; tablet arm chairs with a fixed or articulating work surface and a compact footprint; and steel-frame rockers. The 
ZUMAfrd™ collection features Fortified Recycled Wood™ hard plastic seats, backrests and work surfaces. ZUMAfrd products 
have up to 70% recycled content and are 98% recyclable. The Sage™ line, originally designed to serve students in college, 
university and other adult education settings - and on high school campuses - now offers a 13” and a 15” 4-leg chair and a 
corresponding pair of cantilever chairs for younger, smaller students; there's also a selection of Sage rockers for K-12 
applications and several tablet arm units.  Selected adult-height Sage models can also now be ordered with a padded, 
upholstered seat.  Other Virco seating choices include the Metaphor® Series - an updated sequel to Virco's best-selling Classic 
Series™ furniture with improvements in comfort, ergonomics, stackability, and manufacturing efficiencies - and the Telos® 
Series, a wide-ranging product line with ergonomically contoured Fortified Recycled Wood components. The Sage Contract 
line is targeted for offices and reception areas, colleges, hospitality venues and other adult environments, while Civitas™ chairs 
and stools are intended for foodservice, libraries, media centers, circulation areas and related on-campus areas where people 
gather; and adjustable-height versions of 120, 121 and 122 Series stools. Additional Virco seating alternatives range from 120, 
121 and 122 Series stools to easily-adjustable Ph.D.® task chairs and contoured I.Q.® Series classroom chairs by Richard 
Holbrook; comfortable, attractive Virtuoso® chairs by Charles Perry; and new Analogy™ Series chairs by Peter Glass and Bob 
Mills. Classic Series™ stack chairs and Martest 21® hard plastic seating models are popular choices in schools across America. 
Along with this range of seating, Virco offers folding chairs and upholstered stack chairs, as well as additional plastic stack 
chairs and upholstered ergonomic chairs.

TABLES - Virco’s TEXT® table collection for learning environments - designed by Peter Glass and Bob Mills- features heavy-
gauge tubular steel and proven Virco construction for extended product life, and elliptical legs, swooping yokes and arched feet 
for exceptional elegance. Selected TEXT models can be equipped with a variety of technology-support and storage accessories. 
Lunada® tables, combining Virco's popular Lunada bi-point bases with a selection of 20 top sizes, make great choices for 
seminar, conference and related settings. Designed for Virco by Peter Glass, Plateau® tables bring exceptional versatility, 
sturdy construction and great styling to working and learning environments. For durable, easy-to-use lightweight folding tables, 
Virco's Core-a-Gator® models are unsurpassed. When paired with attractive, durable Virco cafe tops, Lunada bases by Peter 
Glass provide eye-catching table solutions for hospitality settings. Civitas tops and bases provide excellent furniture solutions 
for on-campus spaces where people gather.  Virco also carries traditional folding tables, CT Series tables with a hand crank 
mechanism for top height adjustment, activity tables and office tables, as well as the computer tables and mobile tables 
described below.

COMPUTER FURNITURE - The TEXT table collection described in the preceding paragraph provides educators an array of 
computer furniture choices for learning environments; Virco's Flip-Top Technology tables and HWT Technology tables also 
deliver popular computer furniture solutions. Future Access® computer tables come with an integral wire management panel 
and all rectangular models have a smooth post-formed front and rear edge. Like our Future Access models, 8700 Series 
computer tables can be equipped with Virco's functional computing accessories, such as keyboard mouse trays, CPU holders 
and support columns for optional elevated shelves. The Plateau Office Solutions collection offers desks and workstations with 
technology-support capabilities, while the Plateau Library/Technology Solutions line has specialty tables and other products for 
computing applications.

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DESKS/CHAIR DESKS - From the ergonomic and collaborative-learning strengths of our best-selling ZUMA® student desks 
to the continuing popularity of our traditional Classic Series™ chair desks and combo units, Virco's wide-ranging furniture 
models can be found in thousands of America's schools. Related products include an array of tablet arm units, new Agile 
Combo models and new Analogy™ Series combo chair desks. Selected models are available with durable, colorfast Martest 
21® or Fortified Recycled Wood™ hard plastic components. For teachers, principals and district administrators - and for 
business environments - Virco offers an extensive range of Parameter® desks, returns and credenzas designed by Peter Glass 
and Bob Mills.  Textameter™ mobile workstations provide additional furniture choices for educators.

ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICE FURNITURE - In addition to the Plateau® Office Solutions and Parameter® product lines, 
Virco manufactures a selection of desks, returns, bookcases and other items that employ the Company's flat metal forming 
capabilities.  These products include 53 Series steel storage cabinets, an expanded range of 53 Series lateral files, and special 
versions of 543 and 546 Series desks with wire management capabilities. Other products range from 53 Series wardrobe tower 
cabinets and Parameter file credenzas to Parameter mobile pedestals and Plateau bookcases in popular 36” wide and 48” wide 
models that work in classroom settings and related educational environments as well as administrative offices.

LABORATORY FURNITURE - For biology and chemistry classes, and other school- and college-based lab settings, Virco 
offers a variety of steel-based science tables. Virco manufactures the table bases of these items and equips them with specialty 
Chemsurf® and epoxy resin tops. Virco's ZUMA®, Sage™, Telos®, Metaphor®, I.Q.®, Classic Series™, and 3000 Series 
collections include pneumatically adjustable lab stools with high-range seat-height adjustment and a steel foot-ring.  Virco also 
carries a selection of wood-frame science tables with Chemsurf and epoxy resin tops.

MOBILE FURNITURE - School cafeterias are perfect venues for the ever-popular Virco mobile tables - including a selection 
of oval mobile tables with attached benches or stools - while classrooms benefit from the spacious storage capacity of Virco 
mobile cabinets; additional mobile cabinet models with a magnetic marker back are available. An array of Virco product lines 
includes mobile chairs for school settings and offices.

STORAGE EQUIPMENT - For moving selected Virco chairs and folding tables, the Company carries a wide range of handling 
and storage equipment.  As a service to our convention center, arena, and auditorium customers, Virco also manufactures 
stackable storage trucks that work with Virco upholstered stack chairs, folding chairs and folding tables.

Virco's wide-ranging product selection includes hundreds of furniture models that are certified according to the Greenguard® 
Children & Schools Program for indoor air quality. In 2005 Virco's ZUMA and ZUMAfrd™ products earned the distinction of 
being the first classroom furniture models to be certified through the Greenguard Children & Schools Program, now known as 
Greenguard Gold certification. All of the models in the Company's most recently introduced product lines - including 
Analogy™ furniture models and Textameter™ instructor workstations - are Greenguard-certified. Along with Virco's leadership 
relative to Greenguard-certified furniture, the Company also introduced the classroom furniture industry's first Take-Back 
program in 2006, enabling qualifying schools, colleges, universities, and other organizations and customers to return selected 
out-of-service furniture components for recycling rather than sending these items to a landfill.

In order to provide a comprehensive product offering for the education market, the Company supplements Virco-manufactured 
products with items purchased for re-sale, including wood and steel office furniture, early learning products for pre-school and 
kindergarten classrooms, science laboratory furniture, and library tables, chairs and equipment. Virco carries a complete line of 
specialty furniture and equipment from Wenger® Corporation for music rooms, performance areas and related spaces; Virco 
also now offers customized, space-efficient workstations by Interior Concepts™ for technology and language labs, media 
centers, computer classrooms, reception areas and offices. Wenger and Interior Concepts are two of the many vendors with 
which the Company partners in order to effectively position Virco as the preferred one-stop furniture and equipment source for 
K-12 schools.  None of the products from vendor partners accounted for more than 10% of consolidated revenues in 2013.

To complement Virco's extensive selection of furniture and equipment, we offer customers a variety of valuable services in 
connection with the purchase of Virco products; revenues from these service levels are included in the purchase price of the 
furniture items.  In addition to giving customers the option of purchasing Virco products and making their own delivery 
arrangements, Virco provides three levels of delivery service.  When customers choose Standard Delivery - also known as 
tailgate delivery - the delivery driver is responsible for moving the customer's goods to the tailgate of the truck only; therefore, 
the customer must have personnel on hand to unload the truck.  For additional charges Virco also offers Inside Delivery (no 
installation), or Full-Service Delivery (delivered and installed).  To assist customers involved with FF&E purchases for new 
school construction projects or school renovations, Virco's PlanSCAPE® service provides room-by-room computerized layout 
planning and full FF&E project management.

Customers

7

Virco's major customers include educational institutions, convention centers and arenas, hospitality providers, government 
facilities, and places of worship.  No customer accounted for more than 10% of Virco's consolidated revenues during 2013.

Raw Materials

Virco purchases steel, aluminum, plastic, polyurethane, polyethylene, polypropylene, plywood, particleboard, medium density 
fiberboard (MDF), cartons and other raw materials from many different sources for the manufacture of its principal products.  
Management believes the Company is not more vulnerable with respect to the sources and availability of these raw materials 
than other manufacturers of similar products.  The Company's largest raw material cost is for steel, followed by plastics and 
wood.

The price of these commodities, particularly steel and plastic, has been volatile.  Steel and plastic prices increased significantly 
in 2004 and 2005, in part due to worldwide demand of these materials, especially in China.  By comparison, in 2006 and 2007 
the price of these commodities was relatively stable.  In 2008, steel prices increased by more than 80% during a four month 
period from April to July, followed by a period of modest decline in the latter part of 2008 and relative stability in 2009 and 
2010.  During 2011, the Company incurred significant increases in the cost of steel during the second quarter and plastic during 
the second and third quarters.  During 2012 and 2013 the cost of steel, plastic, and wood were stable.  

In addition to the raw materials described above, the Company purchases components used in the fabrication and assembly of 
furniture from a variety of overseas locations, but primarily from China.  These components are classified as raw materials in 
the financial statements until such time that the components are consumed in a fabrication or assembly processes.  These 
components are sourced from a variety of factories, none of which are owned or operated by the Company.  Costs for these 
imported components increased moderately during the last three years, and are expected to increase further in 2014.

With respect to the Company's annual contracts (or those contracts that have longer terms), the Company may have limited 
ability to increase prices during the term of the contract.  The Company has, however, negotiated increased flexibility under 
many of these contracts, allowing the Company to increase prices on future orders.  Nevertheless, even with respect to these 
more flexible contracts, the Company does not have the ability to increase prices on orders received prior to any announced 
price increases.  Due to the intensely seasonal nature of our business, the Company may receive significant orders during the 
first and second quarters for delivery in the second and third quarters.  With respect to any of the contracts described above, if 
the costs of raw materials increase suddenly or unexpectedly, the Company cannot be certain that it will be able to implement 
corresponding increases in its sales prices in order to offset such increased costs.  Significant cost increases in providing 
products during a given contract period can adversely impact operating results and have done so during prior years, especially 
in 2004, 2005, 2008, and 2011.  The Company typically benefits from any decreases in raw material costs under the contracts 
described above.

Marketing and Distribution

Virco serves its customers through a well-trained, nationwide sales and support team, as well as a growing dealer network.  In 
addition, Virco has a Corporate Sales Group to pursue wholesalers, mail order accounts and national chains where management 
believes it would be more efficient to have a single sales representative or group approach such persons, as they tend to have 
needs that transcend the geographic boundaries established for Virco's local accounts.

Virco's educational product line is marketed through what management believes to be the largest direct sales force of any 
education furniture manufacturer.  The Company's approach to servicing its customer base is very flexible, and is tailored to 
best meet the needs of individual customers and regions.  When considered to be most efficient, the sales force will call directly 
upon school business officials, who may include purchasing agents or individual school principals where site-based 
management is practiced.  Where it is considered advantageous, the Company will use large exclusive distributors and full-
service dealer partners.  The Company's direct sales force is considered to be an important competitive advantage over 
competitors who rely primarily upon dealer networks for distribution of their products.

Virco's sales force is assisted by the Company's proprietary PlanSCAPE® software and experienced PlanSCAPE managers 
when preparing complete package solutions for the FF&E segment of bond-funded public school construction projects.  
PlanSCAPE software also enables the entire Virco sales force to prepare quotations for less complicated projects.

A significant portion of Virco's business is awarded through annual bids with school districts or other buying groups used by 
school districts. These bids are typically valid for one year.  Many contracts contain penalty, performance, and debarment 
provisions that can result in debarment for a number of years, a financial penalty, or calling of performance bonds.

8

Sales of commercial and contract furniture are made throughout the United States by distributorships and by Company sales 
representatives who service the distributorship network.  Virco representatives call directly upon state and local governments, 
convention centers, individual hospitality venues, and mass merchants.  This market includes colleges and universities, 
preschools, private schools, and office training facilities, which typically purchase furniture through commercial channels.

The Company sells to thousands of customers, and, as such no single customer represented more than 10 percent of the 
Company's consolidated revenues in 2013.  Significant purchases of furniture using public funds often require annual bids or 
some form of “authorization” to purchase goods or services from a vendor.  This authorization can include state contracts, local 
and national buying groups, or local school districts that “piggyback” on the bid of a larger district.  In virtually all cases, 
purchase orders and payments are processed by the individual school districts, even though the contract pricing may be 
determined by a state contract, national or local buying group, or consortium of school districts.  Schools usually can purchase 
from more than one contract or purchasing vehicle, if they are participants in buying groups as well as being eligible for a state 
or national contract.

Virco is the exclusive supplier of movable classroom furniture for one nationwide purchasing organization under which many 
of our customers price their furniture.  See “Risk Factors : Approximately 50% of our sales are priced through one contract, 
under which we are the exclusive supplier of classroom furniture.”  Sales priced under this contract represented approximately 
49% of sales in 2013, 49% of Virco's sales in 2012, and 50% of Virco's sales in 2011.  In the third quarter of 2008, the 
Company was awarded a three-year contract with this purchasing organization extending through 2011.  In 2008 the Company 
was awarded three one-year extensions extending through 2014.  If Virco were unable to sell under this contract, we would be 
able to sell to the vast majority of our customers under alternative contracts.

Seasonality

The educational sales market is extremely seasonal.  Approximately 50% of the Company's total sales in 2013 were delivered 
in June, July, and August with an even higher portion of educational sales delivered in that period.  Shipments during peak 
weeks in July and August can be as great as six times the level of shipments in the winter months.

Working Capital Requirements During the “Peak” Summer Season

As discussed above, the market for educational furniture and equipment is marked by extreme seasonality, with the majority of 
shipments occurring from June to August each year, which is the Company's peak season.  As a result of this seasonality, Virco 
builds and carries significant amounts of inventory during the peak summer season to facilitate the rapid delivery requirements 
of customers in the educational market.  This requires a large up-front investment in inventory, labor, storage and related costs 
as inventory is built in anticipation of peak sales during the summer months.  As the capital required for this build-up generally 
exceeds cash available from operations, Virco has historically relied on bank financing to meet cash flow requirements during 
the build-up period immediately preceding the high season.  Currently, the Company has a line of credit with PNC Bank to 
assist in meeting cash flow requirements as inventory is built for, and business is transacted during, the peak summer season.

In addition, Virco typically is faced with a large balance of accounts receivable during the peak season.  This occurs for three 
primary reasons.  First, accounts receivable balances naturally increase during the peak season as product shipments increase.  
Second, many customers during this period are government institutions, which tend to pay accounts receivable more slowly 
than commercial customers.  Third, many summer deliveries may be “projects” where the Company provides furniture for a 
new school or significant refurbishment of an existing school.  Projects may require architect sign off, school board approval 
prior to payment, or punch list completion, all of which can delay payment.  Virco has historically enjoyed high levels of 
collectability on these accounts receivable due to the low-credit risk associated with such customers.  Nevertheless, due to the 
time differential between inventory build-up in anticipation of the peak season and the collection on accounts receivable 
throughout the peak season, the Company must rely on external sources of financing.

As a result of the seasonality of our business, our manufacturing capacity is dictated by the capacity requirement during the 
months of June, July, and August.  Because of this seasonality, factory utilization is lower during the slow season.  The 
Company utilizes a variety of tactics to address this seasonal business.  During the summer months, which comprise our second 
and third fiscal quarters, our personnel utilization generally is at or close to full capacity.  The Company utilizes temporary 
labor and significant overtime to meet the seasonal requirements.  During the slow portions of the year, temporary labor and 
overtime are eliminated to moderate the off-season costs.  Our manufacturing facility capacity utilization generally remains less 
than 100% during these summer months; because physical structure capacity cannot be adjusted as readily as personnel 
capacity, we have secured sufficient physical structure capacity to accommodate our current needs as well as for anticipated 
future growth.  Our physical structure utilization is significantly lower during the first and fourth quarters of each year than it is 
during the second and third quarters.  

9

The Company utilizes a comparable strategy to address warehousing and distribution requirements.  During summer months, 
temporary labor is hired to supplement experienced warehouse and distribution personnel.  More than 90% of the Company's 
freight is provided by third-party carriers.  The Company has secured sufficient warehouse capacity to accommodate our 
current needs as well as anticipated future growth.

Virco's working capital requirements during, and in anticipation of, the peak summer season require management to make 
estimates and judgments that affect assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related contingent assets and liabilities.  For 
example, management expends a significant amount of time in the first quarter of each year developing a stocking plan and 
estimating the number of temporary summer employees, the amount of raw materials, and the types of components and 
products that will be required during the peak season.  If management underestimates any of these requirements, Virco's ability 
to meet customer orders in a timely manner or to provide adequate customer service may be diminished.  If management 
overestimates any of these requirements, the Company may have to absorb higher storage, labor and related costs, each of 
which may negatively affect the Company's results of operations.  On an on-going basis, management evaluates its estimates, 
including those related to market demand, labor costs, and stocking inventory.  Moreover, management continually strives to 
improve its ability to correctly forecast the requirements of the Company's business during the peak season each year based in 
part on annual contracts which are in place and management's experience with respect to the market.

As part of Virco's efforts to balance seasonality, financial performance and quality without sacrificing service or market share, 
management has been refining the Company's ATS operating model.  ATS is Virco's version of mass-customization, which 
assembles standard, stocked components into customized configurations before shipment.  The ATS program reduces the total 
amount of inventory and working capital needed to support a given level of sales.  It does this by increasing the inventory's 
versatility, delaying assembly until the last moment, and reducing the amount of warehouse space needed to store finished 
goods.  As part of the ATS stocking program, Virco has endeavored to create a more flexible work force.  The Company has 
developed compensation programs to reward employees who are willing to move from fabrication to assembly to the 
warehouse as seasonal demands evolve.

Other Matters

Competition

Virco has numerous competitors in each of its markets.  In the educational furniture market, Virco manufactures furniture and 
sells direct to educational customers.  Competitors typically fall into two categories (1) furniture manufacturers that sell to 
dealers which re-sell furniture to the end user, and (2) dealers that purchase product from these manufacturers and re-sell to 
educational customers.  The manufacturers that Virco competes with include HON (HNI) which recently acquired Sagus 
International LLC (which markets product under Artco-Bell, American Desk, and Midwest Folding Products), KI Inc., 
Bretford, Smith System, Columbia, Scholarcraft and VS America.  Historically, our largest competitor that purchases and re-
sells furniture has been School Specialty (SCHS).  In January 2013, School Specialty filed for bankruptcy under Chapter 11 of 
the Bankruptcy Code and emerged in mid-2013.  Contrax is a significant nationwide reseller focusing on projects.  In addition 
to School Specialty and Contrax, there are numerous catalogers, internet resellers, and smaller local education furniture dealers 
that sell into local markets.  Competitors in contract furniture vary depending upon the specific product line or sales market and 
include Falcon Products, Inc., MTS and Mity Enterprises, Inc. 

The educational furniture market is characterized by price competition, as many sales occur on a bid basis.  Management 
compensates for this market characteristic through a combination of methods that include emphasizing the value of Virco's 
products and product assortment, the convenience of one-stop shopping for “Equipment for Educators™”, the value of Virco's 
project management capabilities, the value of Virco's distribution and delivery capabilities, and the value of Virco's customer 
support capabilities and other intangibles.  In addition, management believes that the streamlining of costs assists the Company 
in compensating for this market characteristic by allowing Virco to offer a higher value product at a lower price.  For example, 
as discussed above, Virco has decreased distribution costs by avoiding re-sellers, and management believes that the Company's 
large direct sales force and the Company's sizeable manufacturing and warehousing capabilities facilitate these efforts.  
Although management prefers to compete on the value of Virco products and services, when market conditions warrant, the 
Company will compete based on direct prices and may reduce its prices to build or maintain its market share.

Backlog

Sales order backlog at January 31, 2014, totaled $13.5 million and approximated eight weeks of sales, compared to 
$17.3 million at January 31, 2013, and $14.4 million at January 31, 2012. Substantially all of the backlog will ship during 2014.

Patents and Trademarks

10

In the last 10 years, the United States Patent and Trademark Office (the “USPTO”) has issued to Virco more than 50 patents on 
its various new product lines.  These patents cover various design and utility features in Ph.D.® chairs, I.Q.® Series furniture, 
the ZUMAfrd™ family of products, and the ZUMA® family of products, among others.

Virco has a number of other design and utility patents in the United States and other countries that provide protection for 
Virco's intellectual property as well. These patents expire over the next one to 17 years.  Virco maintains an active program to 
protect its investment in technology and patents by monitoring and enforcing its intellectual property rights.  While Virco's 
patents are an important element of its success, Virco's business as a whole is not believed to be materially dependent on any 
one patent.  See “Risk Factors : An inability to protect our intellectual property could have a significant impact on our 
business.”

In order to distinguish genuine Virco products from competitors' products, Virco has obtained the rights to certain trademarks 
and trade names for its products and engages in advertising and sales campaigns to promote its brands and to identify genuine 
Virco products.  While Virco's trademarks and trade names play an important role in its success, Virco's business as a whole is 
not believed to be materially dependent on any one trademark or trade name, except perhaps “Virco,” which the Company has 
protected and enhanced as an emblem of quality educational furniture for over 60 years.

Virco has no franchises or concessions that are considered to be of material importance to the conduct of its business and has 
not appraised or established a value for its patents or trademarks.

Employees

As of January 31, 2014, Virco and its subsidiaries employed approximately 700 full-time employees at various locations.  Of 
this number, approximately 530 are involved in manufacturing and distribution, approximately 105 in sales and marketing and 
approximately 65 in administration.  The Company also utilizes temporary workers as necessary to meet any seasonal 
production, warehousing or distribution requirements that cannot be filled by its full time workforce.  During 2013, the 
Company employed approximately 225 temporary workers during the months of June and July, with smaller numbers 
immediately preceding and following these months.

Environmental Compliance

Virco is subject to numerous federal, state, and local environmental laws and regulations in the various jurisdictions in which it 
operates that (a) govern operations that may have adverse environmental effects, such as the discharge of materials into the 
environment, as well as handling, storage, transportation and disposal practices for solid and hazardous wastes, and (b) impose 
liability for response costs and certain damages resulting from past and current spills, disposals or other releases of hazardous 
materials.  In this context, Virco works diligently to remain in compliance with all such environmental laws and regulations as 
these affect the Company's operations.  Moreover, Virco has enacted policies for recycling and resource recovery that have 
earned repeated commendations, including: recognition by the California Department of Resources Recycling and Recovery 
(CalRecycle) in 2011 and 2010 as a Waste Reduction Awards Program (WRAP) honoree; recognition by the United States 
Environmental Protection Agency in 2003 as a WasteWise Hall of Fame Charter Member, in 2002 as a WasteWise Partner of 
the Year and in 2001 as a WasteWise Program Champion for Large Businesses; and recognition by the Sanitation Districts of 
Los Angeles County for compliance with industrial waste water discharge guidelines in 2007 through 2010.  This is only a 
partial list of Virco's environmental awards and commendations; for a more complete list, go to www.virco.com and click on 
the Corporate Stewardship header.  In addition to these awards and commendations, Virco's ZUMA® and ZUMAfrd™ product 
lines were the first classroom furniture collections to earn indoor air quality certification through the stringent 
GREENGUARD® Children & Schools Program, now known as Greenguard Gold certification.  As a follow-up to the 
certification of ZUMA and ZUMAfrd models in 2005, hundreds of other Virco furniture items - including Analogy™ furniture 
models and Textameter™ instructor workstations - have earned GREENGUARD certification.  Moreover, all Virco products 
covered by the Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act of 2008 are in compliance with this legislation.  All affected Virco 
models are also in compliance with the California Air Resources Board rule implemented on January 1, 2009, concerning 
formaldehyde emissions from composite wood products.  Environmental laws have changed rapidly in recent years, and Virco 
may be subject to more stringent environmental laws in the future.  The Company has expended, and may be expected to 
continue to expend, significant amounts in the future for compliance with environmental rules and regulations, for the 
investigation of environmental conditions, for the installation of environmental control equipment, or remediation of 
environmental contamination.  Normal recurring expenses relating to operating our factories in a manner that meets or exceeds 
environmental laws are matched to the cost of producing inventory.  It is possible that the Company's operations may result in 
noncompliance with, or liability for remediation pursuant to, environmental laws.  Should such eventualities occur, the 
Company records liabilities for remediation costs when remediation costs are probable and can be reasonably estimated.  See 

11

“Risk Factors : We could be required to incur substantial costs to comply with environmental requirements.”  Violations of, and 
liabilities under, environmental laws and regulations may increase our costs or require us to change our business practices.

Financial Information About Industry Segment and Geographic Areas

Virco operates in a single industry segment.  For information regarding the Company's revenues, gross profit and total assets 
for each of the last three fiscal years, see the Company's consolidated financial statements.

During 2013, Virco derived nearly 7.5% of its revenues from customers located outside of the United States (primarily Canada 
and Puerto Rico).  During 2012, Virco derived nearly 10.0% of its revenues from customers located outside of the United States 
(primarily Canada and Puerto Rico).  During 2011, Virco derived approximately 7.0% of its revenues from customers located 
outside of the United States (primarily in Canada and Panama).  The Company determines sales to these markets based upon 
the customers' principal place of business.  During 2013, 2012 and 2011, the Company did not have any long-lived assets 
outside of the United States.

Executive Officers of the Registrant

As of April 1, 2014, the executive officers of the Company, who are elected by and serve at the discretion of the Company’s 
Board of Directors, were as follows:

Name
Robert A. Virtue (1)

President, Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer

Office

Douglas A. Virtue (2)

Executive Vice President

J. Scott Bell (3)

Robert E. Dose (4)

Patricia Quinones (5)

D. Randal Smith  (6)

Jamie Makuuchi (7)

Bassey Yau (8)

Vice President — General Manager, Conway Division

Vice President — Finance, Secretary and Treasurer

Vice President — Logistics, Marketing Services and Information
Technology

Vice President — Marketing and Corporate Stewardship

Chief Marketing Officer
Vice President — Corporate Controller, Assistant Secretary and
Assistant Treasurer

 ________________________

Age at
January 31, 2014
81

Has Held
Office Since
1990

55

57

57

50

65

51

55

1992

2004

1995

2004

1995

2013

2004

(1)  Appointed Chairman in 1990; has been employed by the Company for 57 years and has served as the President since 

1982 and Chief Executive Officer since 1988.

(2)  Appointed in 1992; has been employed by the Company for 28 years and has served in Production Control, as Contract 
Administrator, as Manager of Marketing Services, as General Manager of the Torrance Division, and currently as 
Corporate Executive Vice President.

(3)  Appointed in 2004; has been employed by the Company for 25 years and has served in a variety of manufacturing, 

safety, and environmental positions, and currently Vice President — General Manager, Conway Division.

(4)  Appointed in 1995; has been employed by the Company for 23 years and has served as the Corporate Controller, and 

currently as Vice President of Finance, Secretary and Treasurer.

(5)  Appointed in 2004; has been employed by the Company for 22 years in a variety customer and marketing service 

positions, and currently as Vice President of Logistics, Marketing Services and Information Technology.

(6)  Appointed in 1995; has been employed by the Company for 29 years in a variety of sales and marketing positions, and 

currently as Vice President of Marketing & Corporate Stewardship.

(7)  Appointed in 2013; is responsible for all sales and Marketing  operations.

(8)  Appointed in 2004; has been employed by the Company for 17 years and has served as Corporate Controller, and 
currently as Vice President Accounting, Corporate Controller, Assistant Secretary and Assistant Treasurer.

None of the Company’s officers have employment contracts.

Available Information

12

Virco files annual, quarterly and current reports, proxy statements and other information with the Securities and Exchange 
Commission (“SEC”).  Stockholders may read and copy this information at the SEC's Public Reference Room at 100 F Street, 
N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549.  Information on the operation of the Public Reference Room may be obtained by calling the 
SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330.  Stockholders may also obtain copies of this information by mail from the Public Reference Room at 
the address set forth above, at prescribed rates.

The SEC also maintains an Internet website that contains reports, proxy statements and other information about issuers like 
Virco who file electronically with the SEC. The address of that site is www.sec.gov.

In addition, Virco makes available to its stockholders, free of charge through its Internet website, its annual reports on Form 10-
K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to those reports filed, or furnished pursuant 
to, Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”), as soon as reasonably practicable after 
Virco electronically files such material with, or furnishes it to, the SEC.  The address of that site is www.virco.com.

Item 1A. Risk Factors 

The following risk factors and other information included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K should be carefully considered.  
The risks and uncertainties described below are not the only ones we face.  Additional risks and uncertainties not presently 
known to us or that we presently deem less significant may also adversely affect our business, operating results, cash flows, and 
financial condition. If any of the following risks actually occur, our business, operating results, cash flows and financial 
condition could be materially adversely affected.

Our product sales are significantly affected by education funding, which is a function of general economic conditions.  If 
the economy continues to remain weak or further weakens, funding for education may fail to improve or decrease 
further, which would adversely affect our business and results of operations.

Our sales are significantly impacted by the level of education funding primarily in North America, which, in turn, is a function 
of the general economic environment.  In a weak economy, like the one currently being experienced in the United States, state 
and local revenues decline, restricting funding for K-12 education spending which typically leads to a decrease in demand for 
school furniture.  Sustained depressions in the per-student funding levels provided for in-state and local budgets could have a 
materially adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

In addition, geopolitical uncertainties, terrorist attacks, acts of war, natural disasters, increases in energy and other costs or 
combinations of such factors and other factors that are outside of our control could at any time have a significant effect on the 
economy, which in turn would affect government revenues and allocations of government spending.  The occurrence of any of 
these or similar events in the future could cause demand for our products to decline or competitive pricing pressures to 
increase, either or both of which would adversely affect our business, operating results, cash flows and financial condition.

Gaps in state budgets may adversely affect our revenue and results of operations.

Virtually all states are required to balance their operating budgets either on an annual or bi-annual basis.  Unlike the federal 
government, states cannot maintain services during an economic downturn by running a deficit.  Without federal economic 
assistance, states that have not recovered from the recent recession will need to address remaining shortfalls with a combination 
of spending cuts and/or tax increases.  If states cut spending for education to address such budgetary shortfalls, our revenue and 
results of operations will be adversely affected.

Reduced levels of spending on education may significantly impact spending on furniture and increase price competition 
in the furniture market.  If price competition increases, we may need to reduce our prices to build or maintain our 
market share, which in turn could lower our profit margins.

The educational furniture market is characterized by price competition, as many sales occur on a bid basis.  When state and 
local funding for education declines, schools typically reduce spending on all budget line items prior to reducing teacher and 
administrator salaries and benefits.  This in turn can result in reduced demand for school furniture, which in turn can intensify 
price competition in our industry.  This price competition could impact our ability to implement price increases or, in some 
cases, such as during an industry downturn, maintain prices.  In addition, when market conditions warrant, we may need to 
reduce prices to build or maintain our market share.  If we are unable to increase or maintain prices for our products, our profit 
margins could decline.  Such decline will be compounded to the extent we are unable to maintain or reduce the cost of our 
products, which may be especially difficult in the current environment given the volatility of the commodities markets.

Our efforts to introduce new products that meet customer requirements may not be successful, which could limit our 
sales growth or cause our sales to decline.

13

To keep pace with industry trends, such as changes in education curriculum and increases in the use of technology, and with 
evolving regulatory and industry requirements, including environmental, health, safety and similar standards for the education 
environment and for product performance, we must periodically introduce new products.  The introduction of new products 
requires the coordination of the design, manufacturing and marketing of such products, which may be affected by factors 
beyond our control.  The design and engineering of certain of our new products can take up to a year or more, and further time 
may be required to achieve customer acceptance.  Accordingly, the launch of any particular product may be later or less 
successful than we originally anticipated.  Additionally, our competitors may develop new product designs that achieve a high 
level of customer acceptance, which could give them a competitive advantage over us in making future sales.  Difficulties or 
delays in introducing new products or lack of customer acceptance of new products could limit our sales growth or cause our 
sales to decline.

The majority of our sales are generated under annual contracts, which combined with the seasonal nature of our 
business, may limit our ability to raise prices on a timely basis during a given year in response to increases in costs.

We commit to annual contracts that determine selling prices for goods and services for periods of one year, and occasionally 
longer.  Though the Company has negotiated increased flexibility under many of these contracts that may allow the Company 
to increase prices on future orders, the Company does not have the ability to raise prices on orders received prior to any 
announced price increase.  Due to the intensely seasonal nature of our business, the Company may receive significant orders 
during the first and second quarters for delivery in the second and third quarters.  With respect to any of the contracts described 
above, if the costs of providing our products or services increase between the date the orders are received and the shipping date, 
we may not be able to implement corresponding increases in our sales prices for such products or services in order to offset the 
related increased costs.  Significant cost increases in providing either the services or products during a given contract period 
could therefore lower our profit margins.  By way of example, in 2008, we incurred a severe increase in the price of steel.  Steel 
prices increased by more than 80% during a four month period from April to July.  During the period from April through the 
third quarter of 2008, the price of petroleum increased substantially, affecting the cost of plastic, inbound freight, freight to 
customers, and other energy costs.  During the third quarter of 2008, we successfully raised the sales prices under a significant 
number of our annual contracts in an effort to recover margin lost to increased costs.  Due to the seasonal nature of our 
business, however, approximately 2/3 of orders received and approximately 75% of shipments for the year were priced prior to 
the third quarter increase.  During 2011, the Company incurred an increase of approximately 30% in the cost of steel during the 
second quarter, and nearly a 30% increase in the cost of certain plastics over the second and third quarters.  The Company 
increased prices for the 2012 and 2013 years in an effort to recover these commodity cost increases and intends to increase 
prices again for 2014.

We depend on outside suppliers who may be unable to meet our volume and quality requirements, and we may be 
unable to obtain alternative sources.

We require substantial amounts of raw materials and components to manufacture our products, which we purchase from outside 
sources.  Raw materials comprised our single largest total cost for 2013, 2012, and 2011.  Contracts with most of our suppliers 
are short-term.  These suppliers may not continue to provide raw materials and components to us at attractive prices, or at all, 
and we may not be able to obtain the raw materials we need in the future from these or other providers on the scale and within 
the time frames we require.  In the current economic environment, many of the Company's suppliers may experience difficulty 
obtaining financing and may go out of business.  The Company may have difficulty replacing these suppliers, especially if the 
supplier fails as the Company is entering the seasonal summer shipping season.  Moreover, we do not carry significant 
inventories of raw materials, components or finished goods that could mitigate an interruption or delay in the availability of 
raw materials and components.  In addition, because we purchase components from international sources, primarily China, we 
are subject to fluctuations in currency exchange rates as well as the impact of natural disasters, war and other factors that may 
disrupt the transportation systems or shipping lines used by our suppliers, and other uncontrollable factors such as changes in 
foreign regulation or economic conditions.  Any failure to obtain raw materials and components on a timely basis, or any 
significant delays or interruptions in the supply of raw materials, could prevent us from being able to manufacture products 
ordered by our customers in a timely fashion, which could have a negative impact on our reputation and could cause our sales 
to decline.

Increases in basic commodity, raw material and component costs could adversely affect our profitability.

Fluctuations in the price, availability and quality of the commodities, raw materials and components used in manufacturing our 
products could have an adverse effect on our costs of sales, profitability and our ability to meet customers' demand.  The price 
of commodities, raw materials and components, including steel and plastics, our largest raw material categories, have been 
volatile in recent years, and the cost, quality and availability of such commodities have been significantly affected in recent 
years by, among other things, changes in global supply and demand, changes in laws and regulations (including tariffs and 

14

duties), changes in exchange rates and worldwide price levels, natural disasters, labor disputes, terrorism and political unrest or 
instability.  These factors could lead to further price increases or supply interruptions in the future.  As discussed above, in the 
short term, rapid changes in raw material costs can be very difficult for us to offset with price increases because, in the case of 
many of our contracts, we have committed to selling prices for goods and services for periods of one year, and occasionally 
longer. Our profit margins could be adversely affected if commodity, raw material and component costs remain high or escalate 
further, and, we are unable to pass along a portion of the higher costs to our customers.

We are affected by the cost of energy, and increases in energy prices could reduce our margins and profits.

The profitability of our operations is sensitive to the cost of energy relative to our transportation costs, the costs of petroleum-
based materials (like plastics), and the costs of operating our manufacturing facilities.  Petroleum prices have fluctuated 
significantly in recent years.  Prices and availability of petroleum products are subject to political, economic and market factors 
that are generally outside our control.  Political events in petroleum-producing regions as well as hurricanes and other weather-
related events may cause petroleum prices to increase.  If such prices increase, our transportation costs may be adversely 
affected in the form of increased operation costs for our fleet and surcharges on freight paid to third-party carriers.  If our 
transportation costs continue to increase, and/or the price of petroleum-based products and cost of operating our manufacturing 
facilities increase, these increases could have a negative impact on our gross margins and profitability.

Approximately 50% of our sales are priced through one contract, under which we are the exclusive supplier of 
classroom furniture.

A nationwide contract/price list, which allows schools and school districts to purchase furniture without bidding, accounts for 
the pricing of a significant portion of our sales.  This contract/price list is sponsored by a nationwide purchasing organization 
that does not purchase products from the Company.  By providing a public bid specification and authorization service to 
publicly-funded agencies, the organization's contract/price list enables such agencies to make authorized expenditures of 
taxpayer funds.  For all sales under this contract/price list, Virco has a direct selling relationship with the purchaser, whether it 
is a school, a district, or another publicly-funded agency.  In addition, Virco can ship directly to the purchaser; perform 
installation services at the purchaser's location; and finally bill directly to, and collect from, the purchaser.  Although Virco sells 
direct to hundreds of individual schools and school districts, and these schools and school districts can purchase our products 
and services under several bids and contracts available to them, approximately 49% of Virco's sales in 2013 and 49% of Virco's 
sales in 2012 were priced under this nationwide contract/price list.  In the 3rd quarter of 2008, the Company was awarded a 
three-year contract with this purchasing organization extending through 2011.  In addition, in 2008 the Company was awarded 
three one-year extensions extending through 2014.  If Virco were to lose its exclusive supplier status under this contract/price 
list, and other manufacturers were allowed to sell under this contract/price list, it could cause Virco's sales, or growth in sales, 
to decline. 

We operate in a seasonal business, and require significant amounts of working capital through our existing credit 
facility to fund acquisitions of inventory, fund expenses for freight and installation, and finance receivables during the 
summer delivery season. Restrictions imposed by the terms of our existing credit facility may limit our operating and 
financial flexibility.  In addition, there can be no assurance that the Company will meet the requirements of its financial 
covenants on an ongoing basis or that should it fail to meet such covenants in the future, the agent and lender under the 
Credit Agreement will agree to waivers or amendments with respect thereto.

Our credit facility, among other things, largely prevents us from incurring any additional indebtedness, limits capital 
expenditures, restricts dividends and stock repurchases, and provides for seasonal variations in the maximum borrowing 
amount, including a reduced maximum level of borrowing during the fourth fiscal quarter.  Our credit facility also provides for 
periodic financial covenants, which currently include a minimum EBITDA, a minimum tangible net worth and a minimum 
fixed charge coverage ratio requirement.  As a result of the foregoing, our operational and financial flexibility may be limited, 
which may prevent us from engaging in transactions that might further our growth strategy or otherwise be considered 
beneficial to us.

Under our credit facility, substantially all of our accounts receivable are automatically and promptly swept to repay amounts 
outstanding under the credit facility upon our receipt.  Due to this automatic liquidating nature, if we breach any covenant, 
violate any representation or warranty or suffer a deterioration in our ability to borrow pursuant to the borrowing base 
calculation contained in the credit facility, we may not have access to cash liquidity unless provided by the lender in its 
discretion.  If the indebtedness under our credit facility were to be accelerated, we cannot be certain that we will have sufficient 
funds available to pay such indebtedness or that we will have the ability to refinance the accelerated indebtedness on terms 
favorable to us or at all.  Any such acceleration could also result in a foreclosure on all or substantially all of our assets, which 
would have a negative impact on the value of our common stock and jeopardize our ability to continue as a going concern.  In 
addition, certain of the covenants and representations and warranties set forth in our credit facility contain limited or no 

15

materiality thresholds, and many of the representations and warranties must be true and correct in all material respects upon 
each borrowing, which we expect to occur on an ongoing basis.  There can be no assurance that we will be able to comply with 
all such covenants and be able to continue to make such representations and warranties on an ongoing basis.  Due to continued 
weak demand for education furniture, the Company has been unable to satisfy its minimum tangible net worth and minimum 
EBITDA covenants for numerous periods during 2012 and most recently its minimum EBITDA covenant for the relevant 
period ending January 31, 2014.  On each occasion, the lender under the Company's Credit Agreement has agreed to amend the 
Company's credit facility and/or waive the violation.  Accordingly, on April 15, 2014, the Company entered into Amendment 
No. 7 to the Credit Agreement, which waived the violation of the minimum EBITDA financial covenant and the minimum 
fixed charge coverage ratio financial covenant at January 31, 2014.  There can be no assurance that the Company will meet the 
requirements of its financial covenants on an ongoing basis or that, should it again fail to meet such covenants, the Agent and 
Lender under its Credit Agreement will agree to waivers or amendments with respect thereto.

We may not be able to renew our credit facility on favorable terms, or at all, which would adversely affect our results of 
operations.

We have historically relied on third-party bank financing to meet our seasonal cash flow requirements.  On an annual basis, we 
prepare a forecast of seasonal working capital requirements and use borrowings under our credit facility with PNC Bank to help 
meet these seasonal cash flow and working capital requirements.  Disruptions in the U.S. credit markets have caused the 
interest rate on prospective debt financing to widen considerably and have made financing terms for borrowers less attractive, 
and in certain cases have resulted in the unavailability of certain types of debt financing.  Continued uncertainty in the credit 
markets may negatively impact our ability to renew our credit facility upon its maturity in 2017 on favorable terms or at all.  If 
we are unable to renew our credit facility on favorable terms (including available borrowing line and the rate of interest charged 
thereunder), or at all, our ability to fund our operations would be impaired, which would have a material adverse effect on our 
results of operations.

If management does not accurately forecast the Company's requirements for the peak summer season, the Company's 
results of operations could be adversely affected.

The Company's business is highly seasonal and requires significant working capital in anticipation of and during the peak 
summer season.  This requires management to make estimates and judgments with respect to the Company's working capital 
requirements during, and in anticipation of, the peak summer season.  Management expends a significant amount of time in the 
first quarter of each year developing a stocking plan and estimating the number of temporary summer employees, the amount 
of raw materials, and the types of components and products that will be required during the peak season.  If management does 
not accurately forecast the Company's requirements, the Company's results of operations could be adversely affected.  For 
example, if management underestimates any of these requirements, Virco's ability to meet customer orders in a timely manner 
or to provide adequate customer service may be diminished.  If management overestimates any of these requirements, the 
Company may be required to absorb higher storage, labor and related costs, each of which may negatively affect the Company's 
results of operations.

We may require additional capital in the future, which may not be available or may be available only on unfavorable 
terms.

Our capital requirements depend on many factors, including capital improvements, tooling and new product development.  To 
the extent that our existing capital is insufficient to meet these requirements and cover any losses, we may need to raise 
additional funds through financings or curtail our growth and reduce our assets.  Any equity or debt financing, if available at 
all, may be on terms that are not favorable to us.  Equity financings could result in dilution to our stockholders, and the 
securities may have rights, preferences and privileges that are senior to those of our common stock.  If our need for capital 
arises because of significant losses, the occurrence of these losses may make it more difficult for us to raise the necessary 
capital.

An inability to protect our intellectual property could have a significant impact on our business.

We attempt to protect our intellectual property rights through a combination of patent, trademark, copyright and trade secret 
laws.  Our ability to compete effectively with our competitors depends, to a significant extent, on our ability to maintain the 
proprietary nature of our intellectual property.  The degree of protection offered by the claims of the various patents, trademarks 
and service marks may not be broad enough to provide significant proprietary protection or competitive advantages to us, and 
patents, trademarks or service marks may not be issued on our pending or contemplated applications.  In addition, not all of our 
products are covered by patents.  It is also possible that our patents, trademarks and service marks may be challenged, 
invalidated, cancelled, narrowed or circumvented.  If we are unable to maintain the proprietary nature of our intellectual 
property with respect to our significant current or proposed products, our competitors may be able to sell copies of our 

16

products, which could adversely affect our ability to sell our original products and could also result in competitive pricing 
pressures.

If third parties claim that we infringe upon their intellectual property rights, we may incur liability and costs and may 
have to redesign or discontinue an infringing product.

We face the risk of claims that we have infringed third parties' intellectual property rights.  Companies operating in the 
furniture industry routinely seek protection of the intellectual property for their product designs, and our principal competitors 
may have large intellectual property portfolios.  Our efforts to identify and avoid infringing third parties' intellectual property 
rights may not be successful.  Any claims of intellectual property infringement, even those without merit, could (i) be 
expensive and time-consuming to defend; (ii) cause us to cease making, licensing or using products that incorporate the 
challenged intellectual property; (iii) require us to redesign, reengineer, or rebrand our products or packaging, if feasible; or 
(iv) require us to enter into royalty or licensing agreements in order to obtain the right to use a third party's intellectual property. 
Such claims could have a negative impact on our sales and results of operations.

We could be required to incur substantial costs to comply with environmental requirements.  Violations of, and 
liabilities under, environmental laws and regulations may increase our costs or require us to change our business 
practices.

Our past and present ownership and operation of manufacturing plants are subject to extensive and changing federal, state, and 
local environmental laws and regulations, including those relating to discharges to air, water and land, the handling and 
disposal of solid and hazardous waste and the cleanup of properties affected by hazardous substances.  As a result, we are 
involved from time to time in administrative and judicial proceedings and inquiries relating to environmental matters and could 
become subject to fines or penalties related thereto.  We cannot predict what environmental legislation or regulations will be 
enacted in the future, how existing or future laws or regulations will be administered or interpreted or what environmental 
conditions may be found to exist.  Compliance with more stringent laws or regulations, or stricter interpretation of existing 
laws, may require additional expenditures by us, some of which may be material.  If new environmental laws and regulations 
are introduced and enforced domestically, but not implemented or enforced internationally, we will operate at a competitive 
disadvantage compared to competitors who source product primarily from international sources.  In addition, in the past we 
have been identified as a potentially responsible party pursuant to the Comprehensive Environmental Response Compensation 
and Liability Act (“CERCLA”) for remediation costs associated with waste disposal sites previously used by us.  In general, 
CERCLA can impose liability for costs to investigate and remediate contamination without regard to fault or the legality of 
disposal and, under certain circumstances, liability may be joint and several, resulting in one party being held responsible for 
the entire obligation.  Liability may also include damages for harm to natural resources.  We may also be subject to claims for 
personal injury or contribution relating to CERCLA sites.  We reserve amounts for such matters when expenditures are 
probable and reasonably estimable.

In addition to environmental laws and regulations affecting our manufacturing activities, the Company is subject to laws and 
regulations related to consumer product regulation.  The Company sells products that are subject to the Consumer Product 
Safety Improvement Act of 2008 and the California Air Resources Board rule implemented on January 1, 2009, concerning 
formaldehyde emissions from composite wood products.  The Company has controls in place to insure that its products meet all 
consumer product regulations, and a significant number of Virco products have been certified according to the 
GREENGUARD® Environmental Institute's stringent Children & Schools Program.

The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act may increase the cost of providing medical benefits to employees, which 
could have a significant adverse impact on our results of operations.

We currently provide medical, dental, vision, and life insurance benefits to substantially all full-time employees.  Recent 
legislation regarding health care reform may cause the cost of providing medical insurance to our employees to increase.  We 
may not be able to pass the cost of increased medical costs to our customers, which could cause our costs of sales to increase 
and our gross profit to decline. 

We may not be able to manage our business effectively if we are unable to retain our experienced management team or 
recruit other key personnel.

The success of our operations is highly dependent upon our ability to attract and retain qualified employees and upon the ability 
of our senior management and other key employees to implement our business strategy.  We believe there are only a limited 
number of qualified executives in the industry in which we compete.  The loss of the services of key members of our 
management team could seriously harm our efforts to successfully implement our business strategy.

We are subject to potential labor disruptions, which could have a significant impact on our business.

17

None of our work force is represented by unions, and while we believe that we have good relations with our work force, we 
may experience work stoppages or other labor problems in the future.  Any prolonged work stoppage could have an adverse 
effect on our reputation, our vendor relations and our customers.

Our insurance coverage may not adequately insulate us from expenses for product defects.

We maintain product liability and other insurance coverage that we believe to be generally in accordance with industry 
practices.  Our insurance coverage may not be adequate to protect us fully against substantial claims and costs that may arise 
from product defects, particularly if we have a large number of defective products that we must repair, retrofit, replace or recall.

Volatility in the equity markets or interest rates could substantially increase our pension costs and have a negative 
impact on our operating results.

We sponsor one qualified defined benefit pension plan, the Virco Employee Retirement Plan (the “Employee Plan”), and two 
nonqualified pension plans.  The difference between plan obligations and assets, or the funded status of the Employee Plan, 
significantly affects net periodic benefit costs of our Employee Plan and our ongoing funding requirements with respect to the 
Employee Plan.  The Employee Plan is funded with trust assets invested in a diversified portfolio of debt and equity securities 
and other investments.  Among other factors, changes in interest rates, investment returns and the market value of plan assets 
can (i) affect the level of plan funding; (ii) cause volatility in the net periodic pension cost; and (iii) increase our future 
contribution requirements.  Because the current economic environment is characterized by declining investment returns and 
interest rates, we may be required to make additional cash contributions to the Employee Plan and recognize further increases 
in our net pension cost to satisfy our funding requirements.  A significant decrease in investment returns or the market value of 
plan assets or a significant decrease in interest rates could increase our net periodic pension costs and adversely affect our 
results of operations.

Holders of approximately 40% of the shares of our stock have entered into an agreement restricting the sale of the 
stock.

Certain shares of the Company's common stock received by the holders thereof as gifts from Julian A. Virtue, including shares 
received in subsequent stock dividends, are subject to an agreement that restricts the sale or transfer of those shares.  As a result 
of the share ownership and representation on the board and in management, the parties to the agreement have significant 
influence on affairs and actions of the Company, including matters requiring stockholder approval such as the election of 
directors and approval of significant corporate transactions.  In addition, these transfer restrictions and concentration of 
ownership could have the effect of impeding an acquisition of the Company.

Our corporate documents and Delaware law contain provisions that could discourage, delay or prevent a change in 
control of our company.

Provisions in our certificate of incorporation and our amended and restated bylaws may discourage, delay or prevent a merger 
or acquisition involving us that our stockholders may consider favorable.  For example, our certificate of incorporation 
currently provides for a staggered board of directors, whereby directors serve for three-year terms, with approximately one-
third of the directors coming up for reelection each year.  Having a staggered board will make it more difficult for a third party 
to obtain control of our board of directors through a proxy contest, which may be a necessary step in an acquisition of us that is 
not favored by our board of directors.  Our board of directors intends to include a proposal in our proxy statement for our 2014 
Annual Stockholder Meeting to eliminate our classified board structure.  If this proposal is approved by our stockholders, it 
would become easier for a potential acquirer to replace our entire board of directors in one year.  Our board of directors also 
intends to include a proposal in our proxy statement for our 2014 Annual Stockholder Meeting to eliminate cumulative voting.  
If this proposal is approved by our stockholders, it may in turn make it more difficult for a third party to obtain control of our 
board even if our stockholders approve the declassification of our board of directors.

We are also subject to the anti-takeover provisions of Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law.  Under these 
provisions, if anyone becomes an “interested stockholder,” we may not enter into a “business combination” with that person for 
three years without special approval, which could discourage a third party from making a takeover offer and could delay or 
prevent a change of control.  For purposes of Section 203, “interested stockholder” means, generally, someone owning 15% or 
more of our outstanding voting stock or an affiliate of ours that owned 15% or more of our outstanding voting stock during the 
past three years, subject to certain exceptions as described in Section 203.  Additionally, the board of directors entered into a 
Rights Agreements pursuant to which certain preferred stock purchase rights would become exercisable when a person acquires 
or commences to acquire a beneficial interest of at least 20% of our outstanding common stock.

18

Our stock price has historically been volatile, and investors in our common stock could suffer a decline in value.

There has been significant volatility in the market price and trading volume of equity securities, which may be unrelated to the 
financial performance of the companies issuing the securities.  The limited “float” of shares available for purchase or sale of 
Virco stock can magnify this volatility.  These broad market fluctuations may negatively affect the market price of our common 
stock.  Some specific factors that may have a significant effect on our common stock market price include:

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

actual or anticipated fluctuations in our operating results or future prospects;

our announcements or our competitors’ announcements of new products;

the public’s reaction to our press releases, our other public announcements and our filings with the SEC;

strategic actions by us or our competitors, such as acquisitions or restructurings;

new laws or regulations or new interpretations of existing laws or regulations applicable to our business;

changes in accounting standards, policies, guidance, interpretations or principles;

changes in our growth rates or our competitors’ growth rates;

our inability to raise additional capital;

conditions of the school furniture industry as a result of changes in funding or general economic conditions, 

including those resulting from war, incidents of terrorism and responses to such events; and

changes in stock market analyst recommendations or earnings estimates regarding our common stock, other 

comparable companies or the education furniture industry generally.

Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments

None.

Item 2. Properties

Torrance, California

Virco leases a 560,000 sq. ft. office, manufacturing and warehousing facility located on 23.5 acres of land in Torrance, 
California.  This facility is occupied under a five year lease expiring on February 28, 2020.  This facility also includes the 
corporate headquarters, the West Coast showroom, and all West Coast distribution operations.

Conway, Arkansas

The Company owns 100 acres of land in Conway, Arkansas, containing 1,200,000 sq. ft. of manufacturing, warehousing, and 
office space.  This facility - which is equipped with high-density storage systems, features 70 dock doors dedicated to outbound 
freight, and has substantial yard capacity to store and stage trailers - has enabled the Company to consolidate the warehousing 
function and implement the Assemble-to-Ship inventory stocking program.  Management believes that this facility supports 
Virco's ability to handle increased sales during the peak delivery season and enhances the efficiency with which orders are 
filled.

In addition to the complex described above, the Company operates two other facilities in Conway, Arkansas.  The first is a 
375,000 sq. ft. fabrication facility that was acquired in 1954, and expanded and modernized over subsequent years.  The 
Company manufactures fabricated steel components, chrome plates, and fabricates injection-molded plastic components at this 
facility.  These components are transferred to other facilities for assembly into finished goods.  The second is a 175,000 sq. ft. 
manufacturing facility that is used to fabricate and store compression-molded components.  This building is leased under a 10-
year lease expiring in March 2018.

Item 3. Legal Proceedings

Virco has various legal actions pending against it arising in the ordinary course of business, which in the opinion of the 
Company, are not material in that management either expects that the Company will be successful on the merits of the pending 
cases or that any liabilities resulting from such cases will be substantially covered by insurance.  While it is impossible to 
estimate with certainty the ultimate legal and financial liability with respect to these suits and claims, management believes that 

19

the aggregate amount of such liabilities will not be material to the results of operations, financial position, or cash flows of the 
Company.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

20

PART II

Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity 
Securities

The NASDAQ exchange is the principal market on which Virco Mfg. Corporation (VIRC) stock is traded. As of March 26, 
2014, there were approximately 217 registered stockholders according to the Company's transfer agent records. There were 
approximately 874 beneficial stockholders.

Dividend Policy

Historically it has been the board of directors' policy to periodically review the payment of cash and stock dividends in light of 
the Company's earnings and liquidity. During the fourth quarter of 2007, the Company initiated a quarterly dividend of $0.025 
per share.  Effective as of the third quarter of 2011, the board of directors suspended the quarterly cash dividend program.  In 
addition, pursuant to the terms of the Company's current line of credit with PNC Bank, which was entered into on 
December 22, 2011, the Company is prohibited from paying dividends.  Consequently, for at least as long as this covenant is 
included in its credit agreement with PNC Bank, no dividends will be paid by the Company to its stockholders.

Quarterly Dividend and Stock Market Information

Cash Dividends Declared

2013

2012

Common Stock Range

2013

2012

$

— $
—
—
—

High
$2.72
2.53
2.49
2.80

—
—
—
—

Low
$1.96
1.95
1.98
2.00

High
$2.25
1.96
3.84
2.89

Low
$1.56
1.45
1.48
1.31

1st Quarter
2nd Quarter
3rd Quarter
4th Quarter

Stock Repurchases

The Company did not repurchase any shares of its stock during 2013.  Pursuant to the Company's credit agreement with PNC 
Bank, the Company is prohibited from repurchasing any shares of its stock except in cases where a repurchase is financed by a 
substantially concurrent issuance of new shares of the Company's common stock.

Stock Performance Graph

The graph set forth below compares the five-year cumulative total stockholder return of the Company's common stock with the 
cumulative total stockholder return of (i) an industry peer group index, and (ii) the NASDAQ Market Index. The graph assumes 
$100 was invested on February 1, 2009, in the Company's common stock, the NASDAQ Market Index and the companies in 
the peer group and assumes the reinvestment of dividends, if any.

21

 
 
 
COMPARISON OF 5-YEAR CUMULATIVE TOTAL RETURN
AMONG VIRCO MFG. CORPORATION, NASDAQ MARKET INDEX
AND MORNINGSTAR INDEX

Company/Market/Peer Group
Virco Mfg. Corporation
NASDAQ Market Index
Morningstar Business Equipment

1/31/2009

1/31/2010

1/31/2011

1/31/2012

1/31/2013

1/31/2014

$
$
$

100.00
100.00
100.00

$
$
$

174.04
146.91
144.14

$
$
$

156.25
186.66
189.57

$
$
$

92.94
196.55
169.72

$
$
$

139.40
222.91
157.17

$
$
$

136.79
295.12
144.82

Period Ending

The current composition of Morningstar Business Equipment Index is as follows: ACCO Brands Corp, Addmaster Corporation, 
American Locker Group, Inc., Avery Dennison Corp, Azkoyen S.A., Banneker, Inc., BioAuthorize Holdings Incorporated and, 
Canon Marketing Japan Inc., Canon, Inc., Comtrex Systems Corporation, Coupon Express Inc, Datalogic Spa, Document 
Capture Technologies, Inc., Ennis, Inc., Ergobilt INC, Everlert, Inc., Global Payment Technologies, Inc., Gunther International, 
Ltd., Herman Miller, Inc., HNI Corporation, Inscape Corporation, Inventronics Limited, Kewaunee Scientific Corp., Knoll, 
Inc., Koala Corporation, Komori Corp, Konica Minolta Inc, M.POS, Inc., Marmion Industries Corporation, Neopost, Okamura 
Corporation, Onyx Service & Solutions, Inc., Open Plan Systems, Inc., Pitney Bowes Inc, Reconditioned Systems, Inc., Ricoh, 
Ltd., Roboserver Systems Corp, Standard Register Company, Steelcase, Inc., Takano Co Ltd, Teleconnect, Inc., Trxade Group 
Inc, VeriFone Systems, Inc., and Virco Mfg. Corporation.

Item 6. Selected Financial Data

The following tables set forth selected historical consolidated financial data for the periods indicated. The following data 
should be read in conjunction with Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, and with Item 7, Management’s 
Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations of this Annual Report on Form 10K.

22

 
 
Five Year Summary of Selected Financial Data

In thousands, except per share data
Summary of Operations

Net sales

Net (loss) income (1)

Net (loss) income per share data (a) (1)

Basic

Assuming dilution

Cash dividends declared per share

$

$

$

$

2013

2012

2011

2010

As Adjusted
2009 (1)

155,920

$

(1,730) $

158,856

$
(3,830) $

166,441
$
(13,803) $

180,995
$
(17,594) $

190,513
(725)

(0.12) $

(0.12)

— $

(0.27) $
(0.27)

— $

(0.97) $
(0.97)
0.05

$

(1.25) $
(1.25)
0.10

$

(0.05)
(0.05)
0.10

__________________________
a) 

Net loss per share was calculated based on basic shares outstanding due to the anti-dilutive effect on the inclusion of 
common stock equivalent shares.

Other Financial Data

In thousands, except per share data
Total assets (1)
Working capital (1)
Current ratio (1)
Total long-term obligations
Stockholders’ equity (1)
Shares outstanding at year-end
Stockholders’ equity per share (1)

2013

2012

2011

83,344
16,983
1.7/1
33,083
27,605
14,718
1.88

$
$

$
$

$

82,163
12,526
1.5/1
30,707
27,020
14,550
1.86

$
$

$
$

$

94,225
18,598
1.7/1
36,119
30,896
14,354
2.15

$
$

$
$

$

$
$

$
$

$

2010
100,588
29,498
2.5/1
30,169
50,402
14,205
3.55

$
$

$
$

$

As Adjusted
2009 (1)

122,432
38,386
2.7/1
30,236
69,270
14,163
4.89

 _______________________
(1) 

The historical financial data has been modified for the results of operation and ending balance sheet for 2009 to reflect 
our 2010 change in accounting principle for our method of accounting for certain of our inventory.   

Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements 

This Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations includes a number of forward-
looking statements that reflect the Company's current views with respect to future events and financial performance, including, 
but not limited to, availability of funding for educational institutions, economic conditions, statements regarding plans and 
objectives of management for future operations, including plans and objectives relating to products, pricing, marketing, 
expansion, and manufacturing processes; new business strategies; the Company's ability to continue to control costs and 
inventory levels; availability and cost of raw materials, especially steel and petroleum-based products; the availability and cost 
of labor; the potential impact of the Company's “Assemble-To-Ship” program on earnings; market demand; the Company's 
ability to position itself in the market; references to current and future investments in and utilization of infrastructure; 
statements relating to management's beliefs that cash flow from current operations, existing cash reserves, and available lines of 
credit will be sufficient to support the Company's working capital requirements to fund existing operations; references to 
expectations of future revenues; pricing; and seasonality.

Such statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties, assumptions and other factors, many of which are outside of 
the Company's control and difficult to forecast, that may cause actual results to differ materially from those which are 
anticipated. Such factors include, but are not limited to, changes in, or the Company's ability to predict, general economic 
conditions, the markets for school and office furniture generally and specifically in areas and with customers with which the 
Company conducts its principal business activities, the rate of approval of school bonds for the construction of new schools, the 
extent to which existing schools order replacement furniture, customer confidence, competition and other factors included in 
the “Risk Factors” section of this report.

23

 
In this report, words such as “anticipates,” “believes,” “expects,” “will continue,” “future,” “intends,” “plans,” “estimates,” 
“projects,” “potential,” “budgets,” “may,” “could” and similar expressions identify forward-looking statements. Readers are 
cautioned not to place undue reliance on forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date hereof.

Executive Overview

Management's strategy is to position Virco as the overall value supplier of educational furniture and equipment.  The markets 
that Virco serves include the education market (the Company's primary market), which is made up of public and private schools 
(preschool through 12th grade), junior and community colleges, four-year colleges and universities; and trade, technical and 
vocational schools.  Virco also serves convention centers and arenas; the hospitality industry, with respect to their banquet and 
meeting facilities; government facilities at the federal, state, county and municipal levels; and places of worship.  In addition, 
the Company sells to wholesalers, distributors, retailers and catalog retailers that serve these same markets.  These institutions 
are frequently characterized by extreme seasonality and/or a bid-based purchasing function.  The Company's business model, 
which is designed to support this strategy, includes the development of several competencies to enable superior service to the 
markets in which Virco competes.  An important element of Virco's business model is the Company's emphasis on developing 
and maintaining key manufacturing, warehousing, distribution, installation, project management, and service capabilities.  The 
Company has developed a comprehensive product offering for the furniture, fixtures and equipment needs of the K-12 
education market, enabling a school to procure all of its furniture, fixtures and equipment (“FF&E”) requirements from one 
source.

Virco's product offering consists primarily of items manufactured by Virco, complemented with products sourced from other 
furniture manufacturers.  Our product offerings are continually enhanced with an ongoing new product development program 
that incorporates internally developed products as well as product lines developed with accomplished designers.  Finally, 
management continues to hone Virco's ability to forecast, finance, manufacture, warehouse, deliver, and install furniture within 
the relatively narrow delivery window associated with the highly seasonal demand for education sales.  In 2013 and 2012, 
approximately 50% of the Company's total sales were delivered in June, July, and August with an even higher portion of 
educational sales delivered in that period.  Shipments during July and August can be as great as six times the level of shipments 
in the winter months.  Virco's substantial warehouse space allows the Company to build and ship adequate inventories to 
service this narrow delivery window for the education market.

The market and operating environment for school furniture, fixtures, and equipment has been challenging during the last 
decade and is likely to continue to be so for at least the near future.  Schools suffered significant budgetary pressures from 2001 
to 2005 following the “dot com” bust, and more recently in 2008 through 2013 as a result of the recession and severe budget 
deficits incurred by state and local governments.  The years 2008 through 2013 were particularly challenging for the Company 
and the educational furniture industry in general and conditions are likely to remain challenging for the near term.  These 
budgetary pressures directly impacted the demand for the Company's products, as the demand for educational furniture largely 
depends upon: (1) available funding in a school's general operating fund and (2) the completion of bond-funded projects, which 
is directly impacted by the amount of bond financing issued to fund new school construction, to renovate older schools, and to 
fully equip new and renovated schools.  

In response to the 2008 recession, passage of new bond issuances declined, and bond funded project completions have trended 
down each year.  Completions of new schools, additions and renovations are not anticipated to improve in 2014.  School 
operating budgets experienced significant strain during the same period.  Approximately 80-85% of a school's operating budget 
is for the salaries and benefits for school teachers and administrators.  Increasing costs for medical insurance, combined with 
pressures from unfunded pension obligations reduces funds available for other purposes.  In response to these budgetary 
pressures schools typically elect to retain teachers and spend less on repairs, maintenance, and replacement furniture, which in 
turn reduces the demand for, and sales of, the Company's products. 

In addition, the furniture industry in general, including the market for school furniture, has been significantly impacted by low 
cost competition from China.  In 2004, 2005, and 2008 commodity prices for some of the Company's primary raw materials, 
particularly steel and plastic, were extremely volatile.  During 2011, the Company incurred a cost increase of approximately 
30% in the cost of steel during the second quarter, and nearly a 30% increase in the cost of certain plastics over the second and 
third quarters.  Due to recent volatility in the commodities' markets, similar volatility for the Company's raw materials is likely 
to continue for the near term.  Because a majority of the Company's sales are generated under annual contracts in which the 
Company has limited ability to raise the price of its products during the term of the contract, if the costs of the Company's raw 
materials increase suddenly or unexpectedly, the Company cannot be certain that it will be able to implement corresponding 
increases in its sales prices in order to offset such increased costs.  Significant cost increases in providing products during a 
given contract period can adversely impact operating results and have done so during prior years.  The Company typically 
benefits from any decreases in raw material costs under the contracts described above.

24

During a period of robust education spending during the 1990's, the Company expanded and modernized its manufacturing and 
distribution facilities at the Torrance, CA and Conway, AR locations.  During the last decade, the Company has worked 
continuously to significantly reduce its cost structure while concurrently expanding its product offering, expanding 
manufacturing process capabilities and more fully automating its facilities.  For example, headcount of permanent employees 
as of January 31, 2014, was approximately 700 compared to a peak of nearly 2,950 in August 2000.  Factory overhead in 2013 
declined by more than 55% compared to 2000.  The Company accomplished this without closing a factory and while 
continuing to add new production processes, including flat metal forming, and other capabilities to support an ambitious 
product development program.

During 2011, in an effort to bring the Company's cost structure in line with decreased revenues, the Company offered early 
retirement and voluntary separation packages to its employees in Arkansas and California. Combined with normal attrition, the 
Company reduced its workforce by approximately 205 persons (20%).  During 2012, the workforce declined by an additional 
65 full time positions primarily due to attrition.  In 2013, a reduction in force combined with attrition reduced the workforce by 
an additional 60 persons.  These savings will be offset somewhat by the cost of temporary direct labor employees hired to meet 
production requirements during 2014.  The Company plans to maintain stringent limits on full time staffing, supplemented with 
temporary labor as necessary in order to produce, warehouse, deliver, and install furniture during the coming summer.  Because 
the Company has not closed any manufacturing or distribution facilities that are utilized in operations, any increase in demand 
for our products can be met without any required investment in physical infrastructure.

While the Company anticipates challenging economic conditions to continue to impact its core customer base in the near term, 
there are certain underlying demographics, customer responses, and changes in the competitive landscape that provide 
opportunities.  First, the underlying demographics of the student population are stable compared to the volatility of school 
budgets, and the related level of furniture and equipment purchases.  This volatility is attributable to the financial health of the 
school systems.  Virco management believes that there is a pent-up demand for quality school furniture (though it is unclear 
when and to what extent that pent-up demand will be converted into a meaningful increase in purchases).  Second, management 
believes that parents and voters will demand that we educate our children and make this an ongoing priority for future 
government spending.  Third, many schools have responded to the budget strains by reducing their support infrastructure.  
School districts historically have operated central warehouses and professional purchasing departments in a central business 
office.  In order to retain teaching staff, many school districts have shut down the warehouses and reduced their purchasing 
departments and janitorial staffs.  This change provides opportunities to provide services to schools, such as project 
management for new or renovated schools, delivery to individual school sites rather than truckload deliveries to central 
warehouses, and installation of furniture in classrooms.  Moreover, this change offers opportunities for Virco to promote its 
complete product assortment which allows one-stop shopping as opposed to sourcing furniture needs from a variety of 
suppliers.  Fourth, many suppliers have shut down or dramatically curtailed their domestic manufacturing capabilities, making 
it difficult for competitors to provide custom colors or finishes during a tight seasonal summer delivery window when they are 
reliant upon a supply chain extending to China.  Unlike its primary competitors, Virco has maintained and invested in 
automation at its domestic manufacturing facilities, recently adding flat metal forming processes to its manufacturing 
capabilities and bringing production into its factories of items formerly sourced from other suppliers.  Virco's domestic factories 
are a strategic resource for providing its customers with timely delivery of a broad selection of colors, finishes, laminates, and 
product styles. 

During 2014 the Company anticipates continued uncertainty and volatility in commodity costs, particularly with respect to 
certain raw materials, transportation, and energy.  The Company does not anticipate that this volatility will be as dramatic as 
experienced in 2011, but it has no assurances that commodity prices will not reach or exceed the levels in 2011.  The Company 
may benefit from industry disruption in 2014.  In 2012, a smaller domestic manufacturing competitor liquidated, and in 2013 a 
significant reseller of school furniture entered Chapter 11 reorganization-from which it emerged in mid-2013.  While such 
events are illustrative of the challenging conditions in the Company's industry, the Company is hopeful that this disruption 
presents an opportunity for Virco to expand its customer base.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

This discussion and analysis of Virco's financial condition and results of operations is based upon the Company's financial 
statements which have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. The preparation of 
these financial statements requires Virco management to make estimates and judgments that affect the Company's reported 
assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities.  On an on-going basis, 
management evaluates such estimates, including those related to revenue recognition, allowance for doubtful accounts, 
valuation of inventory and related obsolescence reserves, self-insured retention for products and general liability insurance, 
self-insured retention for workers' compensation insurance, provision for warranty, liabilities under defined benefit and other 
compensation programs, and estimates related to deferred tax assets and liabilities.  Management bases its estimates on 

25

historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances.  This forms 
the basis of judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources.  Actual 
results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.  Factors that could cause or contribute to 
these differences include the factors discussed above under Item 1, Business, and elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-
K.  Virco's critical accounting policies are as follows:

Revenue Recognition: The Company recognizes revenue in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) 
Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 605, “Revenue Recognition.” Revenue is recognized when title passes 
under its various shipping terms, when installation services are complete, and when collectability is reasonably assured.  The 
Company reports sales net of sales returns and allowances and sales taxes imposed by various government authorities, where 
applicable.  In most instances, the Company sells furniture on bids and contracts, which may include multiple elements.  For 
sales that include freight to the customer, many sales are delivered on the same day shipped, with an average delivery being in 
route for 1 to 3 days.  Installation, which involves carrying the furniture to the classroom and setting the desks and chairs in 
place, typically occurs the day the furniture is delivered. 

In accordance with ASC 605-25 (“ASC 605-25”), “Revenue Recognition - Multiple-Element Arrangements,” revenue 
arrangements with multiple deliverables are generally accounted for by the Company on a combined unit of accounting as our 
customers control our ability to deliver and install the furniture, and as a result the furniture delivery and installation are 
generally provided at the same time.  We recognize the consideration for the combined unit of accounting once the final item 
has been delivered and installed. 

Allowances for Doubtful Accounts: Considerable judgment is required when assessing the ultimate realization of receivables, 
including assessing the probability of collection, current economic trends, historical bad debts and the current creditworthiness 
of each customer.  The Company maintains allowances for doubtful accounts that may result from the inability of our 
customers to make required payments.  Over the past five years, the Company's allowance for doubtful accounts has ranged 
from approximately 0.7% to 3.0% of accounts receivable at year-end.  The allowance is evaluated using historic experience 
combined with a detailed review of past-due accounts.  The Company does not typically obtain collateral to secure credit risk.  
The primary reason that Virco's allowance for doubtful accounts represents such a small percentage of accounts receivable is 
that a large portion of the accounts receivable is attributable to low-credit-risk governmental entities, who often purchase the 
furniture with funds provided from bond issuances, giving Virco's receivables a historically high degree of collectability.  
Although many states are experiencing budgetary difficulties, it is not anticipated that Virco's credit risk will be significantly 
impacted by these events.  Over the next year, no significant change is expected in the Company's sales to government entities 
as a percentage of total revenues.

Inventory Valuation:  Inventory is valued at the lower of cost or market (determined on a first-in, first-out basis) and includes 
material, labor, and factory overhead.  The Company maintains allowances for estimated slow moving and obsolete inventory 
to reflect the difference between the cost of inventory and the estimated market value.  Allowances for slow moving and 
obsolete inventory are determined through a physical inspection of the product in connection with a physical inventory, a 
review of slow-moving product, and consideration of active marketing programs.  The market for education furniture is 
traditionally driven by value, not style, and the Company has not typically incurred significant obsolescence expenses.  If 
market conditions are less favorable than those anticipated by management, additional allowances may be required.  Due to 
reductions in sales volume in the past years, the Company's manufacturing facilities are operating at reduced levels of capacity.  
The Company records the cost of excess capacity as a period expense, not as a component of capitalized inventory valuation.

Self-Insured Retention: For 2011, 2012, and 2013 the Company was self-insured for product liability losses ranging up to 
$250,000 per occurrence, for workers' compensation losses up to $250,000 per occurrence, and for auto liability up to $50,000 
per occurrence.  The Company obtains annual actuarial valuations for the self-insured retentions.  Product liability, workers' 
compensation, and auto reserves for known and unknown incurred but not reported (“IBNR”) losses are recorded at the net 
present value of the estimated losses using a risk-free discount rate ranging from 0.5%-4.5% for 2013, 2012, and 2011.  Given 
the relatively short term over which the IBNR losses are discounted, the sensitivity to the discount rate is not significant.  
Estimated workers' compensation losses were funded during the insurance year and subject to retroactive loss adjustments.  The 
Company's exposure to self-insured retentions varies depending upon the market conditions in the insurance industry and the 
availability of cost-effective insurance coverage.  Self-insured retentions for 2014 will be comparable to the retention levels for 
2013.

Warranty Reserve:  The Company provides a warranty against all substantial defects in material and workmanship.  The 
Company's warranty is not a guarantee of service life, which depends upon events outside the Company's control and may be 
different from the warranty period.  The standard warranty offered on products sold through January 31, 2005, is five years.  
Effective February 1, 2005, the standard warranty was increased to 10 years on products sold from February 1, 2005 through 
January 31, 2014.  Effective February 1, 2014 the Company modified its warranty to a limited lifetime warranty.  The new 

26

warranty effective February 1, 2014 is not anticipated to have a significant effect on warranty expense.  The Company's 
warranties generally provide that customers can return a defective product during the specified warranty period following 
purchase in exchange for a replacement product or that the Company can repair the product at no charge to the customer.  The 
Company determines whether replacement or repair is appropriate in each circumstance.  The Company uses historic data to 
estimate appropriate levels of warranty reserves.  Because product mix, production methods, and raw material sources change 
over time, historic data may not always provide precise estimates for future warranty expense.

Defined Benefit Obligations: The Company has three defined benefit plans, the Virco Employees Retirement Plan (the 
“Employee Plan”), the Virco Important Performers Plan (the “VIP Plan”) and the Non-Employee Directors Retirement Plan 
(the “Directors Plan”), which provide retirement benefits to employees and outside directors. Virco discounted the pension 
obligations for the various plans using the following rates:

Employee Plan
VIP Plan
Directors Plan

2013

2012

2011

4.25%
4.75%
4.25%

4.00%
4.25%
4.00%

4.50%
4.50%
4.50%

Because the Company froze new benefit accruals for all three plans effective December 31, 2003, the assumed rate of increase 
in compensation has no effect on the accounting for the plans.  The Company estimated a 6.5% return on plan assets for the 
Employee Plan for all three years.  The VIP Plan and Directors Plan are unfunded and have no plan assets.  These rate 
assumptions can vary due to changes in interest rates, the employment market, and expected returns in the stock market.  In 
prior years, the discount rate and the anticipated rate of return on plan assets have decreased by several percentage points, 
causing pension expense and pension obligations to increase.  In 2008, the Company incurred significant losses on investments 
held in trust to fund the Employee Plan.  These investment losses will cause future pension costs to increase, and will require 
future cash contributions to adequately fund the Employee Plan.

In the third quarter of 2011 the Company offered an early retirement program to employees who voluntarily terminated their 
employment with the Company.  The incentive offered was a cash incentive and did not include additional retirement benefits, 
but was heavily directed toward employees with significant years of service.  Approximately 150 employees accepted this offer.  
Due to the volume of lump sum payments processed during the third and fourth quarters of 2011, the Company incurred a 
pension settlement cost for the Employee Plan.  In the fourth quarter of 2012, as a result of cumulative retirement benefits paid 
during the year, the Company incurred an additional pension settlement cost for the Employee Plan.  In May of 2013, the 
Company implemented a reduction in force.  In the third and fourth quarters of 2013, as a result of cumulative retirement 
benefits paid during the year, the Company incurred additional pension settlement costs for the Employee Plan.

Although the Company does not anticipate any change in these rates in the coming year, any moderate change should not have 
a significant effect on the Company's financial position, results of operations or cash flows.  The Company obtains annual 
actuarial valuations for all three plans.

Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities: The Company recognizes deferred income taxes under the asset and liability method of 
accounting for income taxes in accordance with the provisions of FASB ASC Topic 740 “Income Taxes.”  Deferred income 
taxes are recognized for differences between the financial statement and tax basis of assets and liabilities at enacted statutory 
tax rates in effect for the years in which the differences are expected to reverse.  The effect on deferred taxes of a change in tax 
rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date.  In assessing the realizability of deferred tax assets, 
the Company considers whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized.  
The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income or reversal of deferred 
tax liabilities during the periods in which those temporary differences become deductible.  The Company considers the 
scheduled reversal of deferred tax liabilities, projected future taxable income, and tax planning strategies in making this 
assessment.  The Company incurred a substantial operating loss for the years ended January 31, 2013, 2012, and 2011.  During 
the fourth quarter of the year ended January 31, 2011, based on this consideration, the Company determined the realization of a 
majority of the net deferred tax assets no longer met the more likely than not criteria and a valuation allowance was recorded 
against the majority of the net deferred tax assets.  Valuation allowances totaled $24,210,000 and $24,601,000 at January 31, 
2014 and 2013, respectively.  At January 31, 2014, the Company has net operating loss carryforwards for federal and state 
income tax purposes, expiring at various dates through 2033.  Federal net operating losses that can potentially be carried 
forward totaled approximately $24,546,000 at January 31, 2014.  State net operating losses that can potentially be carried 
forward totaled approximately $51,082,000 at January 31, 2014.

27

 
Results of Operations (2013 vs. 2012)

Financial Results and Cash Flow

The Company incurred a pre-tax loss of $2,733,000 on net sales of $155,920,000 for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2014, 
compared to pre-tax loss of $4,039,000 on net sales of $158,856,000 in the fiscal year ended January 31, 2013.  Net loss per 
share was $0.12 for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2014, compared to net loss per share of $0.27 in the prior year.  Cash flow 
used in operations was $243,000 for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2014, compared to cash flow provided by operations of 
$7,260,000 in the prior year.

Sales

Virco's sales decreased by 1.8% in 2013 to $155,920,000 compared to $158,856,000 in 2012.  The decrease in sales was caused 
by continued unfavorable economic conditions that had an adverse impact on budgets for school spending and by a reduction in 
completions of bond-funded projects.  

Volume declined by approximately $6 million, partially offset by increases in price.  Sales of Virco's new products, including 
Zuma®, Civitas™ and Sage™ increased by nearly $1.3 million in 2013 compared to 2012, but were offset by reductions in 
older product lines.  Sales for project orders declined by approximately $0.5 million in 2013 compared to project orders in 2012 
as a result of reduced construction completions of bond-funded projects.  Orders rates were more volatile and more intensely 
seasonal in the current year than in prior years, with a shift to a greater percentage of orders received in the summer months.  
Orders in 2013 decreased 24% in the first quarter, increased 6% in the seasonally high second quarter, increased by 2% in the 
third quarter, and decreased by 15% in the fourth quarter, in each case as compared to the comparable period in 2012.  Reduced 
fourth quarter orders contributed to a $3.8 million decrease in backlog  at January 31, 2014 compared to January 31, 2013.

For 2014 the Company anticipates that the persistent budgetary challenges for state and local governments combined with an 
anticipated reduction in completions of bond-funded projects may cause the amount of school furniture sold to be comparable 
to or perhaps less than 2013.  As we have throughout this recession, the Company continues to focus on strategies to develop 
and strengthen its brand with an aggressive product development campaign.   We will continue to use our domestic factories to 
provide greater flexibility for custom specifications such as laminates, colors, and on-time delivery.  As discussed below, the 
Company significantly reduced its workforce through an early retirement program in 2011.  In 2012, the Company's workforce 
declined by an additional 65 full time staff, primarily through attrition.  In 2013, the Company's workforce was further reduced 
by an additional 60 full time staff through a reduction in force and attrition.  This significant reduction in force largely spared 
our direct sales force.  The Company will continue to emphasize the value, design and color selections of its products, the value 
of its distribution, delivery, installation, and project management capabilities, and the value of timely deliveries during the peak 
seasonal delivery period.  In order to increase or maintain market share during 2014, when market conditions warrant, the 
Company will compete based on direct prices and may reduce its prices to build or maintain its market share.

Cost of Sales

Cost of sales was 65.7% of sales in 2013 and 67.6% of sales in 2012. This decrease was due to an increase in selling prices and 
reduced factory spending .  The Company benefited from stable material costs during 2013.

As a percentage of sales, raw material costs were 0.2% lower than in 2012.  The Company increased selling prices at the 
beginning of the year in effort to improve gross margins.  The cost of raw materials was stable during the year, resulting in raw 
material costs declining as a percentage of sales.  Direct labor costs as a percentage of sales were unchanged in 2013 compared 
to 2012.  The impact of increasing selling prices was offset by a slight deterioration in efficiency due to the increased seasonal 
peak of both orders and sales in 2013 compared to 2012.  Manufacturing overhead as a percentage of sales decreased by 1.2% 
in 2013 from 2012.  This decrease was primarily attributable to a small decrease in factory spending combined with a very 
slight (<1%) increase in production hours and the related impact on factory utilization. 

The Company is beginning 2014 with approximately $2.5 million more inventory than in 2013, but $0.1 million less inventory 
than in 2012, $7.6 million less than in 2011, and $16.0 million less than 2010.  Due to the controlled levels of inventory at 
January 31, 2014, production levels and related factory overhead absorption, which vary depending upon selling volumes, are 
anticipated in 2014 to be equal to or higher than 2013 levels.  As discussed above, the Company significantly reduced its 
workforce during 2011, 2012 and 2013.  The Company intends to build inventory earlier in the year, and hire temporary 
workers as necessary during 2014 to meet any seasonal production, warehousing or distribution requirements that cannot be 
filled by the remaining full-time workforce.

During 2014 the Company anticipates continued uncertainty and volatility in commodity costs, particularly with respect to 
certain raw materials, transportation, and energy.  The Company does not anticipate that this volatility will be as dramatic in 

28

2014 as experienced in 2011, but that it could be more volatile than in 2012.  For more information, please see the section 
below entitled “Inflation and Future Change in Prices.”

Selling, General and Administrative and Other Expenses

Selling, general and administrative and other expenses for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2014, increased by approximately 
$0.8 million compared to the prior year, and were 35.2% of sales as compared to 34.0% in the prior year.  

The primary reason for this increase was $1.4 million of restructuring costs in 2013 related to a reduction in force as compared 
to $0.8 million in 2012.  No comparable expense was incurred in 2012.  Because the majority of the employees accepting the 
offer were long-term employees with vested pension benefits, the Company incurred nearly $1.0 million of pension settlement 
costs during the third and fourth quarters on 2013.  The reduction in employees was evenly distributed between direct labor and 
other overhead, sales support, and G&A positions.

Warehousing, freight and installation costs were flat in dollars and increased  by 0.2% as a percentage of sales.  Selling costs 
declined due to a reduction in volume and decreased by 0.1% as a percentage of sales.  G&A spending decreased slightly, but 
increased slightly as a percentage of sales due to an increase in litigation expenses.  The Company expended funds in 2013 to 
protect patents on certain products.  There was no comparable expense in the prior year.  

Interest expense was $254,000 less in 2013 compared to 2012 as a result of decreased costs related to an asset based loan, and 
decreased accretion expense for certain liabilities.

Provision for Income Taxes

The Company recognizes deferred income taxes under the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes in 
accordance with the provisions of ASC Topic 740, “Income Taxes.”  Deferred income taxes are recognized for differences 
between the financial statement and tax basis of assets and liabilities at enacted statutory tax rates in effect for the years in 
which the differences are expected to reverse.  The effect on deferred taxes of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in 
the period that includes the enactment date.  In assessing the realizability of deferred tax assets, the Company considers 
whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized.  The ultimate 
realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income or reversal of deferred tax liabilities 
during the periods in which those temporary differences become deductible.  The Company considers the scheduled reversal of 
deferred tax liabilities, projected future taxable income, and tax planning strategies in making this assessment.

During 2013, 2012, 2011 and 2010 the Company incurred operating losses.  The Company has incurred a cumulative operating 
loss for the last four years.  While the Company has taken significant measures to return to profitability, the short-term outlook 
for the school furniture market is challenging.  Based on these considerations, at January 31, 2014 and January 31, 2013, the 
Company determined the realization of a majority of the net deferred tax assets no longer met the more likely than not criteria, 
and a valuation allowance was recorded against the majority of the net deferred tax assets.  The Company has determined that it 
is more likely than not that some portion of the state net operating loss and credit carryforwards will be realized and has not 
provided a valuation allowance on a portion of the state net operating loss and credit carryforwards.  At January 31, 2014, the 
Company had net operating losses carried forward for federal and state income tax purposes, expiring at various dates through 
2033 if not utilized. Federal net operating losses that can potentially be carried forward totaled approximately $24,546,000 at 
January 31, 2014. State net operating losses that can potentially be carried forward totaled approximately $51,082,000 at 
January 31, 2014.

The primary component of the income tax benefit for the current year related to the gain related to AOCI, not operating loss.  
Because the Company has recorded a valuation allowance for the majority of deferred tax assets, the effective tax rate for 2014 
may be low, with income tax being primarily income and franchise taxes as required by various states.

Results of Operations (2012 vs. 2011)

Financial Results and Cash Flow

The Company incurred a pre-tax loss of $4,039,000 on net sales of $158,856,000 for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2013, 
compared to pre-tax loss of $13,748,000 on net sales of $166,441,000 in the fiscal year ended January 31, 2012.  Net loss per 
share was $0.27 for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2013, compared to net loss per share of $0.97 in the prior year.  Cash flow 
provided by operations was $7,260,000 for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2013, compared to cash flow used by operations 
of $784,000 in the prior year.  As more fully discussed below, during 2011 the Company offered a voluntary retirement 
program to all employees.  It was estimated that the annual expense reduction from this program could be approximately $9 to 
$10 million, offset by the cost of temporary employees hired during the summer months.  The Company's spending on salaries, 
29

wages and other employee benefit costs for full time employees for 2012 was nearly $8 million less than 2011.  In addition a 
variety of other employee related expenses such as travel declined, allowing the Company to reduce its operating loss by $9.7 
million on a reduction in sales volume.

Sales

Virco's sales decreased by 4.5% in 2012 to $158,856,000 compared to $166,441,000 in 2011.  The decrease in sales was caused 
by continued unfavorable economic conditions that had an adverse impact on budgets for school spending and by a reduction in 
completions of bond-funded projects.  

Volume declined by approximately $16 million, offset by increases in price.  Sales of Virco's new products, including 
Parameter®, Civitas™ and Text® increased by nearly $1.5 million in 2012 compared to 2011, but were offset by reductions in 
older product lines.  Sales for project orders declined by more than $6 million in fiscal 2012 compared to project orders in 
fiscal 2011 as a result of reduced construction completions of bond-funded projects. The reduction in order rates occurred 
primarily in the third quarter, with the reduction in shipments occurring in the fourth quarter of 2012. Order rates for the fourth 
quarter increased slightly compared to the comparable period in 2011, resulting in a $2.9 million increase in backlog at January 
31, 2013 compared to January 31, 2012.

Cost of Sales

Cost of sales was 67.6% of sales in 2012 and 71.1% of sales in 2011. This decrease was due to an increase in selling prices and 
reduced factory spending partially offset by a reduction in factory utilization.  The Company benefited from stable material 
costs during 2012.

As a percentage of sales, raw material costs were 1.2% lower in 2012 than in 2011. The Company increased selling prices at the 
beginning of 2012 in effort to improve gross margins.  The cost of raw materials was stable during 2012, resulting in raw 
material costs declining as a percentage of sales.  Direct labor costs as a percentage of sales were unchanged in 2012 compared 
to 2011.  The impact of increasing selling prices was offset by a slight deterioration in efficiency due to the increased utilization 
of temporary labor in 2012 compared to 2011.  Manufacturing overhead as a percentage of sales decreased by 2.3% in 2012 
from 2011.  This decrease was primarily attributable to a decrease in factory spending offset in part by a reduction production 
hours and the related impact on factory utilization.  Production hours, which decreased by nearly 8% compared to the prior 
year, were reduced in response to a reduction in sales combined with an effort to reduce inventory at year end.

Selling, General and Administrative and Other Expenses

Selling, general and administrative and other expenses for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2013, decreased by approximately 
$6.7 million compared to the prior year, and were 34.1% of sales as compared to 36.4% in the prior year.  The primary reason 
for this decrease was the $4.6 million reduction of severance costs in 2012 compared to 2011.  In 2011, the Company offered an 
early retirement program to all employees.  Approximately 150 employees, or 15% of the Company's workforce, accepted the 
offer.  When combined with normal attrition of employees that were not replaced, at January 31, 2012, the Company reduced 
the number of full-time employees by approximately 205, or 20% of the workforce at January 31, 2011.  In 2012 attrition and 
normal retirements allowed the Company to reduce headcount by an additional 65 persons.  The early retirement program was a 
cash payment to employees that was based upon years of service. Virco disbursed nearly $2.6 million to severed employees 
under this program in 2011. Because the majority of the employees accepting the offer were long-term employees with vested 
pension benefits, the Company incurred nearly $2.0 million of pension settlement costs during the third and fourth quarters in 
2011 and an additional $760,000 of pension settlement costs in the fourth quarter of 2012.  The reduction in employees was 
evenly distributed between direct labor and other overhead, sales support, and G&A positions.

Warehousing, freight and installation costs decreased in dollars and by 0.5% as a percentage of sales.  Selling costs declined 
due to a reduction in volume but increased by less than 0.1% as a percentage of sales.  G&A spending decreased slightly, but 
increased slightly as a percentage of sales due to an increase in retirement plan expense.

Interest expense was $434,000 more in 2012 compared to 2011 as a result of increased levels of borrowing, increased costs 
related to an asset based loan, and increased accretion expense for certain liabilities.

Provision for Income Taxes

During 2012, 2011 and 2010 the Company incurred significant operating losses.  The Company has incurred a cumulative 
operating loss for the last three years.  While the Company has taken significant measures to return to profitability, the short-
term outlook for the school furniture market is challenging.  Based on these considerations, at January 31, 2013 and January 31, 

30

2012, the Company determined the realization of a majority of the net deferred tax assets no longer met the more likely than 
not criteria, and a valuation allowance was recorded against the majority of the net deferred tax assets.  The Company has 
determined that it is more likely than not that some portion of the state net operating loss and credit carryforwards will be 
realized and has not provided a valuation allowance on a portion of the state net operating loss and credit carryforwards. At 
January 31, 2013, the Company had net operating losses carried forward for federal and state income tax purposes, expiring at 
various dates through 2033 if not utilized. Federal net operating losses that can potentially be carried forward totaled 
approximately $23,563,000 at January 31, 2013. State net operating losses that can potentially be carried forward totaled 
approximately $49,635,000 at January 31, 2013.

Because the Company has recorded a valuation allowance for the majority of deferred tax assets, the effective tax rate for 2013 
may be low, with income tax being primarily income and franchise taxes as required by various states.

Inflation and Future Change in Prices

We commit to annual contracts that determine selling prices for goods and services for periods of one year, and occasionally 
longer.  Though the Company has negotiated flexibility under many of these contracts that may allow the Company to increase 
prices on future orders, the Company does not have the ability to raise prices on orders received prior to any announced price 
increase.  Due to the intensely seasonal nature of our business, the Company may receive significant orders during the first and 
second quarters for delivery in the second and third quarters.  With respect to any of the contracts described above, if the costs 
of providing our products or services increase between the date the orders are received and the shipping date, we may not be 
able to implement corresponding increases in our sales prices for such products or services in order to offset the related 
increased costs.  During 2013 and  2012, the costs for raw materials purchased by the Company were stable.  These years 
contrast with 2011, when the Company incurred an increase of approximately 30% in the cost of steel during the second 
quarter, and nearly a 30% increase in the cost of certain plastics over the second and third quarters.  These cost increases 
adversely impacted gross margins in 2011 for products shipped during the summer season.  

For 2014, the Company anticipates continued volatility in costs, particularly with respect to certain raw materials, 
transportation, and energy.  Anticipated volatility for 2014 is not expected to be as severe as experienced in 2011.  There is 
continued uncertainty with respect to steel and other raw material costs, especially of plastics, that are affected by the price of 
oil.  Transportation costs may be adversely affected by increased oil prices, in the form of increased operation costs for our 
fleet, and surcharges on freight paid to third-party carriers. Virco expects to incur continued pressure on employee benefit costs.  
The Company has renewed health insurance contracts for its employees through December 2014, but costs subsequent to that 
date may be adversely impacted by current legislation. Virco has aggressively addressed these costs by reducing headcount, 
freezing pension benefits, passing on a portion of increased medical costs to employees, and hiring temporary workers who are 
not eligible for benefit programs.

To recover the cumulative impact of increased costs, the Company raised the list prices for Virco's products in 2013, 2012 and 
2011.  Due to current economic conditions, the Company anticipates continued significant price competition in 2014, and may 
not be able to raise prices without risk of losing market share.  The Company anticipates that the volatility of commodity costs 
will not be as significant in 2014 as experienced in 2011.  As a significant portion of Virco's business is obtained through 
competitive bids, the Company is carefully considering material and transportation costs as part of the bidding process.  Total 
material costs for 2014, as a percentage of sales, could be higher than in 2013. The Company is working to control and reduce 
costs by improving production and distribution methodologies, investigating new packaging and shipping materials, and 
searching for new sources of purchased components and raw materials.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Working Capital Requirements

Virco addresses liquidity and working capital requirements in the context of short-term seasonal requirements and long-term 
capital requirements of the business.  The Company's core business of selling furniture to publicly funded educational 
institutions is extremely seasonal.  The seasonal nature of this business permeates most of Virco's operational, capital, and 
financing decisions.

The Company's working capital requirements during and in anticipation of the peak summer season oblige management to 
make estimates and judgments that affect Virco's assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses.  Management expends a significant 
amount of time during the year, and especially in the first quarter, developing a stocking plan and estimating the number of 
employees, the amount of raw materials, and the types of components and products that will be required during the peak 
season.  If management underestimates any of these requirements, Virco's ability to fill customer orders on a timely basis or to 
provide adequate customer service may be diminished.  If management overestimates any of these requirements, the Company 

31

may be required to absorb higher storage, labor and related costs, each of which may affect profitability.  On an ongoing basis, 
management evaluates such estimates, including those related to market demand, labor costs, and inventory levels, and 
continually strives to improve Virco's ability to correctly forecast business requirements during the peak season each year.

As part of Virco's efforts to address seasonality, financial performance and quality without sacrificing service or market share, 
management has been refining the Company's ATS operating model.  ATS is Virco's version of mass-customization, which 
assembles standard, stocked components into customized configurations before shipment.  The Company's ATS program 
reduces the total amount of inventory and working capital needed to support a given level of sales.  It does this by increasing 
the inventory's versatility, delaying assembly until the last moment, and reducing the amount of warehouse space needed to 
store finished goods.  In order to provide “one stop shopping” for all FF&E needs, Virco purchases and re-sells certain finished 
goods from other furniture manufacturers.  When practical, these furniture items are drop shipped from the Company's supplier.  
Where cost effective, the Company will bring the item into the Virco warehouse and the third party products will be shipped 
along with product manufactured by Virco.  The Company did not carry material amounts of vendor inventory during the fiscal 
years ended January 31, 2014, 2013, or 2012.

In addition, Virco finances its largest balance of accounts receivable during the peak season.  This occurs for three primary 
reasons.  First, accounts receivable balances naturally increase during the peak season as shipments of products increase.  
Second, many customers during this period are government institutions, which tend to pay accounts receivable more slowly 
than commercial customers.  Third, many summer deliveries may be “projects” where the Company provides furniture for a 
new school or significant refurbishment of an existing school.  Projects may require architect sign off, school board approval 
prior to payment, or punch list completion, all of which can delay payment.

As a result of the seasonality of our business, our manufacturing and distribution capacity is dictated by the capacity 
requirement during the months of June, July, and August.  Because of this seasonality, factory utilization is lower during the 
slow season.  The Company utilizes a variety of tactics to address the seasonality of its business.  During the summer months, 
which comprise our second and third fiscal quarters, our personnel utilization generally is at or close to full capacity.  The 
Company utilizes temporary labor and significant overtime to meet the seasonal requirements.  During the slow portions of the 
year, temporary labor and overtime are eliminated to moderate the off-season costs.  Our manufacturing facility capacity 
utilization generally remains less than 100% during these summer months; because physical structure capacity cannot be 
adjusted as readily as personnel capacity, we have secured sufficient physical structure capacity to accommodate our current 
needs as well as for anticipated future growth.  Our physical structure utilization is significantly lower during the first and 
fourth quarters of each year than it is during the second and third quarters.  

The Company utilizes a comparable strategy to address warehousing and distribution requirements.  During summer months, 
temporary labor is hired to supplement experienced warehouse and distribution personnel.  More than 90% of the Company's 
freight is provided by third-party carriers.  The Company has secured sufficient warehouse capacity to accommodate our 
current needs as well as anticipated future growth.

As the capital required for the summer season generally exceeds cash available from operations, Virco has historically relied on 
third-party bank financing to meet seasonal cash flow requirements.  On December 22, 2011 (the “Closing Date”), the 
Company and Virco Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company (“Virco” and, together with the Company, the 
“Borrowers”) entered into a Revolving Credit and Security Agreement (the “Credit Agreement”) with PNC Bank, National 
Association, as administrative agent and lender (“PNC”).  On June 15, 2012, the Borrowers entered into Amendment No. 1 
(“Amendment No. 1”) to the Credit Agreement which, among other things, increased the borrowing availability thereunder by 
$3,000,000 for the period from May 1 through July 14 of each year.  On July 27, 2012, the Borrowers entered into Amendment 
No. 2 (“Amendment No. 2”) to the Credit Agreement which, among other things, reduced the minimum EBITDA financial 
covenant contained therein for the five consecutive months ending June 2012 from $1,600,000 to $300,000.  On September 12, 
2012, the Borrowers entered into Amendment No. 3 (“Amendment No. 3”) to the Credit Agreement which, among other things, 
modified the minimum EBITDA covenant for the balance of the fiscal year. On December 6, 2012, the Borrowers entered into 
Amendment No. 4 (“Amendment No. 4”) to the Credit Agreement which, among other things, waived the violation of the 
minimum EBITDA and minimum tangible net worth covenants at October 31, 2012 and eliminated the minimum EBITDA 
covenant at November 30, 2012.  On March 1, 2013, the Borrowers entered into Amendment No. 5 (“Amendment No. 5”) to 
the Credit Agreement, which among other things modified the minimum tangible net worth covenant for the periods from 
January 31, 2013 to January 31, 2014, modified the minimum EBIDTA covenant for certain periods to January 31, 2014 and 
waived the violation of the minimum EBITDA covenant for the twelve consecutive fiscal month period ending December 31, 
2012.   On January 9, 2014 the Borrowers entered into Amendment No. 6 (“Amendment No. 6”) to the Credit Agreement, 
which, among other things, amended the definition of “Peak Season” and increased the peak season borrowing capacity.  On 
April 15, 2014 the Borrowers entered into Amendment No. 7 (“Amendment No. 7”) to the Credit Agreement, which, among 
other things, extended the maturity date of the Credit Agreement for three years until December 22, 2017, reduced the 

32

maximum availability under the Credit Agreement by $10,000,000 to $50,000,000, waived the violation of the minimum 
EBITDA covenant at January 31, 2014, waived the violation of the minimum fixed charge coverage ratio covenant at January 
31, 2014, included levels for the minimum tangible net worth financial covenant and the minimum EBITDA financial covenant 
for fiscal year 2014 and the minimum fixed charge coverage ratio until the maturity date of the Credit Agreement. 

The Credit Agreement provides the Borrowers with a secured revolving line of credit (the “Revolving Credit Facility”) of up to 
$50,000,000, with seasonal adjustments to the credit limit and subject to borrowing base limitations, and includes a sub-limit of 
up to $3,000,000 for issuances of letters of credit.  The Revolving Credit Facility is an asset-based line of credit that is subject 
to a borrowing base limitation and generally provides for advances of up to 85% of eligible accounts receivable, plus a 
percentage equal to the lesser of 60% of the value of eligible inventory or 85% of the liquidation value of eligible inventory, 
plus an amount ranging from $6,000,000 to $12,000,000 from March 1 through July 31 of each year, minus undrawn amounts 
of letters of credit and reserves.  The Revolving Credit Facility is secured by substantially all of the Borrowers' personal 
property and certain of the Borrowers' real property.  The principal amount outstanding under the Credit Agreement and any 
accrued and unpaid interest is due no later than December 22, 2017, and the Revolving Credit Facility is subject to certain 
prepayment penalties upon earlier termination of the Revolving Credit Facility.  Prior to the maturity date, principal amounts 
outstanding under the Credit Agreement may be repaid and reborrowed at the option of the Borrowers without premium or 
penalty, subject to borrowing base limitations, seasonal adjustments and certain other conditions.

On the Closing Date, the Borrowers drew down approximately $9,800,000 under the Revolving Credit Facility to repay in full 
all indebtedness outstanding under its prior revolving facility governed by the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement 
dated as of March 12, 2008, as amended, by and between the Company and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, and to pay 
fees and expenses related to the Credit Agreement. The Company intends to utilize the Revolving Credit Facility for liquidity 
and working capital purposes.

The Revolving Credit Facility bears interest, at the Borrowers' option, at either the Alternate Base Rate (as defined in the Credit 
Agreement) or the Eurodollar Currency Rate (as defined in the Credit Agreement), in each case plus an applicable margin.  The 
applicable margin for Alternate Base Rate loans is a percentage within a range of 0.75% to 1.75%, and the applicable margin 
for Eurodollar Currency Rate loans is a percentage within a range of 1.75% to 2.75%, in each case based on the EBITDA of the 
Borrowers at the end of each fiscal quarter, and may be increased at PNC's option by 2.0% during the continuance of an event 
of default.  Accrued interest with respect to principal amounts outstanding under the Credit Agreement is payable in arrears on 
a monthly basis for Alternative Base Rate loans, and at the end of the applicable interest period but at most every three months 
for Eurodollar Currency Rate loans.

The Credit Agreement contains a covenant that forbids the Company from issuing dividends or making payments with respect 
to the Company's capital stock, and contains numerous other covenants that limit under certain circumstances the ability of the 
Borrowers and their subsidiaries to, among other things, merge with or acquire other entities, incur new liens, incur additional 
indebtedness, repurchase stock, sell assets outside of the ordinary course of business, enter into transactions with affiliates, or 
substantially change the general nature of the business of the Borrowers, taken as a whole.  The Credit Agreement also requires 
the Company to maintain the following financial maintenance covenants: (1) a minimum tangible net worth amount, (2) a 
minimum fixed charge coverage ratio, and (3) a minimum EBITDA amount, in each case as of the end of the relevant monthly, 
quarterly or annual measurement period.  As of January 31, 2014 the Credit Agreement required the Company to maintain: (1) 
a minimum tangible net worth of at least $22,365,000 for the fiscal quarter ending January 31, 2014, (2) a minimum fixed 
charge coverage ratio of at least 1.00 to 1.00 for the four consecutive fiscal quarters ending January 31, 2014, and (3) a 
minimum EBITDA amount of $5,593,000 for the twelve consecutive fiscal months ending January 31, 2014.  The actual results 
of the Company with respect to the foregoing financial covenants for the period ending January 31, 2014 were as follows: (1) 
the Company maintained a tangible net worth of $27,605,000 for the fiscal year ending January 31, 2014, (2) the Company 
maintained a fixed charge coverage ratio of less than 0.00 to 1.00 for the four consecutive fiscal quarters ended January 31, 
2014, and (3) the Company achieved EBITDA of $3,301,000 for the twelve consecutive fiscal months ending January 31, 2014. 
Therefore the Company was in violation of its minimum fixed charge coverage ratio and minimum EBITDA covenants for the 
relevant period ending January 31, 2014. However, as noted above, on April 15, 2014 the Company entered into Amendment 
No. 7, which waived the violation of the minimum EBITDA covenant at January 31, 2014, waived the violation of the 
minimum fixed charge coverage ratio covenant at January 31, 2014, included levels for the minimum tangible net worth 
financial covenant and the minimum EBITDA financial covenant for fiscal year 2014 and the minimum fixed charge coverage 
ratio until the maturity date of the Credit Agreement

In addition, the Credit Agreement contains a clean down provision that requires the Company to reduce borrowings under the 
line to less than $6,000,000 for a period of 60 consecutive days each fiscal year.  The Company believes that normal operating 
cash flow will allow it to meet the clean down requirement with no adverse impact on the Company's liquidity. Other than as 
noted above with respect to the minimum EBITDA covenant and the minimum tangible net worth covenant, the Company was 
in compliance with its covenants at January 31, 2014.

33

Events of default (subject to certain cure periods and other limitations) under the Credit Agreement include, but are not limited 
to, (i) non-payment of principal, interest or other amounts due under the Credit Agreement, (ii) the violation of terms, 
covenants, representations or warranties in the Credit Agreement or related loan documents, (iii) any event of default under 
agreements governing certain indebtedness of the Borrowers and certain defaults by the Borrowers under other agreements that 
would materially adversely affect the Borrowers, (iv) certain events of bankruptcy, insolvency or liquidation involving the 
Borrowers, (v) judgments or judicial actions against the Borrowers in excess of  $250,000, subject to certain conditions, (vi) the 
failure of the Company to comply with Pension Benefit Plans (as defined in the Credit Agreement), (vii) the invalidity of loan 
documents pertaining to the Credit Agreement, (viii) a change of control of the Borrowers and (ix) the interruption of 
operations of any of the Borrowers' manufacturing facilities for five consecutive days during the peak season or fifteen 
consecutive days during any other time, subject to certain conditions.

Pursuant to the Credit Agreement, substantially all of the Borrowers' accounts receivable are automatically and promptly swept 
to repay amounts outstanding under the Revolving Credit Facility upon receipt by the Borrowers.  Due to this automatic 
liquidating nature of the Revolving Credit Facility, if the Borrowers breach any covenant, violate any representation or 
warranty or suffer a deterioration in their ability to borrow pursuant to the borrowing base calculation, the Borrowers may not 
have access to cash liquidity unless provided by PNC at its discretion.  In addition, certain of the covenants and representations 
and warranties set forth in the Credit Agreement contain limited or no materiality thresholds, and many of the representations 
and warranties must be true and correct in all material respects upon each borrowing, which the Borrowers expect to occur on 
an ongoing basis.  There can be no assurance that the Borrowers will be able to comply with all such covenants and be able to 
continue to make such representations and warranties on an ongoing basis.

The Company's line of credit with PNC is structured to provide seasonal credit availability during the Company's peak summer 
season. The Company believes that the Revolving Credit Facility will provide sufficient liquidity to meet its capital 
requirements in the next 12 months. Approximately $10,919,000 was available for borrowing as of January 31, 2014.  

The descriptions set forth herein of the Credit Agreement, Amendment No. 1, Amendment No. 2, Amendment No. 3, 
Amendment No. 4, Amendment No. 5, Amendment No. 6 and Amendment No. 7 are qualified in their entirety by the terms of 
such agreements, each of which has been filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

Long-Term Capital Requirements

In addition to short-term liquidity considerations, the Company continually evaluates long-term capital requirements.  From 
1997 through 2000, the Company completed two large capital projects, which have had significant subsequent effects on cash 
flow.  The first project was the implementation of the SAP enterprise resources planning system.  The second project was the 
expansion and re-configuration of the Conway, Arkansas, manufacturing and distribution facility.

Upon completion of these projects, the Company dramatically reduced capital spending. During 2001-2005 capital 
expenditures ranged from 25%-40% of depreciation expense, and has remained below depreciation since that time.  
Management intends to limit future capital spending until growth in sales volume fully utilizes the new plant and distribution 
capacity.  Capital expenditures will continue to focus on automation, both in the factory and software applications, and new 
product development along with the tooling and new processes required to produce new products.  The Company has 
established a goal of limiting capital spending to less than $3,000,000 for 2014, which is less than anticipated depreciation 
expense.

Asset Impairment

The Company made substantial investments in its infrastructure in 1998, 1999, and 2000.  The investments included a new 
factory, new warehouse, and new production and distribution equipment.  Much of the tooling, machinery, and equipment 
acquired at this time is now fully or substantially depreciated.  The factory, warehouse, and equipment acquired are used to 
produce, store, and ship a variety of product lines, and the use of any one piece of equipment is not dependent on the success or 
volume of any individual product.  New products are designed to use as many common or existing components as practical.  As 
a result, both our ATS inventory components and the machines used to produce them become more versatile.  The Company 
evaluates the potential for impaired assets on a quarterly basis.  As of January 31, 2014, there has been no impairment to the 
long-lived assets of the Company.

The Company has no intangible assets on its Consolidated Balance Sheet at January 31, 2014 or January 31, 2013.

Contractual Obligations

34

The Company leases manufacturing, transportation, and office equipment, as well as real estate under a variety of operating 
leases.  The Company leases substantially all vehicles, including trucks and passenger cars under operating leases where the 
lessor provides fleet management services for the Company.  The fleet management services provide Virco with operating 
efficiencies relating to the acquisition, administration, and operation of leased vehicles.  Real estate leases have been used 
where the Company did not want to make a long-term commitment to a location, or when economic conditions favored leasing.  
The Torrance manufacturing and distribution facility is leased under an operating lease that expires on February 28, 2020.  The 
Company does not have any lease obligations or purchase commitments in excess of normal recurring obligations.  Leasehold 
improvements and tenant improvement allowances are depreciated over the lesser of the expected life of the asset or the lease 
term.

Contractual Obligations
Payments Due by Period

In thousands
Long-term debt obligations

Interest on long-term debt

Operating lease obligations
Purchase obligations

Total

Less than 1
year

1-3 years

3-5 years

$

8,248

$

2,248

$

6,000

$

  More than 5  
       years       
—

— $

—

26,507
9,010

—

5,773
9,010

—

7,357
—

—

8,817
—

$

43,765

$

17,031

$

13,357

$

8,817

$

—

4,560
—

4,560

We may be required to make cash outlays related to our unrecognized tax benefits.  However, due to the uncertainty of the 
timing of future cash flows associated with our unrecognized tax benefits, we are unable to make reasonably reliable estimates 
of the period of cash settlement, if any, with the respective taxing authorities.  Accordingly, unrecognized tax benefits of  
$52,000 as of January 31, 2014, have been excluded from the contractual obligations table above.  For further information 
related to unrecognized tax benefits, see Note 7, “Income Taxes,” to the consolidated financial statements included in this 
Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Virco's largest market is publicly funded school districts.  A significant portion of this business is awarded on a bid basis.  
Many school districts require that a bid bond be posted as part of the bid package.  In addition to bid bonds, many districts 
require a performance bond when the bid is awarded. At January 31, 2014, the Company had bonds outstanding valued at 
approximately $870,000.  To the best of management's knowledge, in over 64 years of selling to schools, Virco has never had a 
bid or performance bond called.

The Company provides a warranty against all substantial defects in material and workmanship.  In 2005 the Company extended 
its standard warranty from five years to 10 years.  Effective February 1, 2014, the Company will offer a limited lifetime 
warranty.  The Company does not believe that the new warranty policy will have a significant impact on warranty expense.  
The Company's warranty is not a guarantee of service life, which depends upon events outside the Company's control and may 
be different from the warranty period.  The Company accrues an estimate of its exposure to warranty claims based upon both 
product sales data, and an analysis of actual warranty claims incurred.  At the current time, management cannot reasonably 
determine whether warranty claims for the upcoming fiscal year will be less than, equal to, or greater than warranty claims 
incurred in 2013.  The following is a summary of the Company's warranty-claim activity during 2013 and 2012.

In thousands
Beginning balance

Provision for current year

Provision for prior year
Costs incurred
Ending balance

Retirement Obligations

January 31,

2014

2013

1,000

$

600
(220)
(380)
1,000

$

1,400

630
(490)
(540)
1,000

$

$

The Company provides retirement benefits to employees and non-employee directors under three defined benefit retirement 
plans; the Employee Plan, the VIP Plan, and the Directors Plan.  The Employee Plan is a qualified retirement plan that is 

35

 
 
funded through a trust held at Wells Fargo Bank (Trustee).  The other two plans are non-qualified retirement plans.  Benefits 
payable under the VIP Plan are secured by life insurance policies held in a rabbi trust and the Directors Plan is not funded.  The 
Company obtains annual actuarial valuations for all three plans.

Effective December 31, 2003, benefit accruals were frozen for all three plans.  Employees continued to vest under the benefits 
earned to date, but no covered participants earned additional benefits after the plan freeze.  At January 31, 2014, all active 
participants under the plans were fully vested.

Accounting policy regarding pensions requires management to make complex and subjective estimates and assumptions 
relating to amounts which are inherently uncertain.  Three primary economic assumptions influence the reported values of plan 
liabilities and pension costs.   The Company takes the following factors into consideration: discount rate, assumed rate of return 
and assumed rate of increases in compensation.

The discount rate represents an estimate of the rate of return on a portfolio of high-quality fixed-income securities that would 
provide cash flows that match the expected benefit payment stream from the plans.  When setting the discount rate, the 
Company utilizes a spot-rate yield curve developed from high-quality bonds currently available which reflects changes in rates 
that have occurred over the past year.  This assumption is sensitive to movements in market rates that have occurred since the 
preceding valuation date, and therefore may change from year to year.  Virco discounted the pension obligations for the various 
plans using the following rates:

Employee Plan
VIP Plan
Directors Plan

2013

2012

2011

4.25%
4.75%
4.25%

4.00%
4.25%
4.00%

4.50%
4.50%
4.50%

Because the Company froze future benefit accruals for all three defined benefit plans in 2003, the compensation increase 
assumption had no impact on pension expense, accumulated benefit obligation or projected benefit obligation for the period 
ended January 31, 2014 or 2013.

The assumed rate of return on plan assets represents an estimate of long-term returns available to investors who hold a mixture 
of stocks, bonds, and cash equivalent securities.  When setting the expected return on plan asset assumptions, the Company 
considers long-term rates of return on various asset classes (both historical and forecasted, using data collected from various 
sources generally regarded as authoritative) in the context of expected long-term average asset allocations for its defined 
benefit pension plan.  For 2013, 2012 and 2011 the Company used a 6.5% expected return on plan assets, net of expenses.

During 2011 two events significantly impacted the pension plans. The first event was a reduction in the discount rate utilized to 
calculate pension plan obligations. The reduction in discount rate caused the liability for pension obligations to increase by 
approximately $3.7 million, $1.4 million, and $26,000 for the Employee Plan, the VIP Plan, and the Directors Plan, 
respectively. The increase in liability resulted in a comparable increase to Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (AOCI).  
The second event was a $2.0 million settlement charge for the Employee Plan.  As part of a restructuring plan, the Company 
offered early retirement benefits to all employees who voluntarily severed their employment with the Company.  Although the 
early retirement benefit was paid in cash and did not include any additional benefits payable from a retirement plan, the benefit 
formula was structured to reward employees with significant years of service, the same employees who would have earned 
retirement benefits prior to the plan freeze in 2003.  The pension trust made significant lump sum distributions to participants in 
the latter part of the year, resulting in settlement charges in the third and fourth quarters.  Because the VIP Plan and Director 
Plan do not allow lump sum payments, there was no similar settlement charge required.

During 2012 the pension plans were impacted by the same events of 2011, but to a lesser extent.  A reduction in the discount 
rate caused the liability for pension obligations to increase by approximately $2.0 million, $0.3 million, and $10,000 for the 
Employee Plan, the VIP Plan, and the Directors Plan, respectively.  The increase in liability resulted in a comparable increase to 
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (AOCI).  As a result of large distributions paid from the Employee Plan, a 
$760,000 settlement charge for the Employee Plan was recorded. 

During 2013 the pension plans were impacted by a reduction in force.  Although the severance benefits was paid in cash and 
did not include any additional benefits payable from a retirement plan, the severance included employees with vested pension 
benefits.  The pension trust made significant lump sum distributions to participants in the latter part of the year, resulting in 
settlement charges in the third and fourth quarters.  During 2013, the pension liability decreased due to increased discount rates, 
offset by an increase in liability due to the adoption of a new mortality table.

It is the Company's policy to contribute adequate funds to the trust accounts to cover benefit payments under the VIP Plan and 
Directors Plan and to maintain the funded status of the Employee Plan at a level which is adequate to avoid significant 

36

restrictions to the Employee Plan under the Pension Protection Act of 2006.  The Company contributed $1.8 million, $2.0 
million, and $1.9 million, to the trust in 2013, 2012, and 2011, respectively.  Contributions during 2014 will depend upon actual 
investment results and benefit payments, but are anticipated to be approximately $2.5 million.  During 2013, 2012, and 2011, 
the Company paid approximately $564,000, $561,000, and $451,000, respectively, in benefits per year under the non-qualified 
plans.  It is anticipated that contributions to non-qualified plans will be approximately $710,000 for 2014.  At January 31, 2014, 
accumulated other comprehensive loss of approximately $16.4 million ($14.0 million net of tax) is attributable to the pension 
plans.

The Company does not anticipate making any significant changes to the pension assumptions in the near future.  If the 
Company were to have used different assumptions in the fiscal year ended January 31, 2014, a 1% reduction in investment 
return would have increased expense by approximately $165,000, a 1% change in the rate of compensation increase would 
have no impact, and a 1% reduction in the discount rate would have increased expense by $305,000.  A 1% reduction in the 
discount rate would have increased the pension benefit obligations by approximately $6.1 million.

Stockholders' Equity

The Company initiated a $0.025 per share quarterly cash dividend in the fourth quarter of 2007 and continued to pay the $0.025 
quarterly dividend through the second quarter of 2011.  The cash dividend was suspended after the second quarter of 2011 as a 
result of operating losses.  In addition, the Company's new credit facility with PNC Bank prohibits the Company from paying 
dividends and repurchasing any shares of its stock except in cases where a repurchase is financed by a substantially concurrent 
issuance of new shares of the Company's common stock.  Consequently, commencing December 22, 2011 and for at least as 
long as this covenant is included in the Company's credit facility, no dividends will be paid by the Company to its stockholders.  
During 2011 the Company paid cash dividends of $710,000. 

Virco issued a 10% stock dividend or 3/2 stock split every year beginning in 1982 through 2002.  Although the stock dividend 
had no cash consequences to the Company, the accounting methodology required for 10% dividends has affected the equity 
section of the balance sheet.  When the Company records a 10% stock dividend, 10% of the market capitalization of the 
Company on the date of the declaration is reclassified from retained earnings to additional paid-in capital.  During the period 
from 1982 through 2002, the cumulative effect of the stock dividends has been to reclassify over $122 million from retained 
earnings to additional paid-in capital.  The equity section of the balance sheet on January 31, 2014 reflects additional paid-in 
capital of approximately $116 million and deficit retained earnings of approximately $75 million.  Other than the losses 
incurred during 2003-2005, 2010-2013 the retained deficit is a result of the accounting reclassification, and is not the result of 
accumulated losses.

Environmental and Contingent Liabilities

Environmental Compliance

Virco is subject to numerous federal, state, and local environmental laws and regulations in the various jurisdictions in which it 
operates that (a) govern operations that may have adverse environmental effects, such as the discharge of materials into the 
environment, as well as handling, storage, transportation and disposal practices for solid and hazardous wastes, and (b) impose 
liability for response costs and certain damages resulting from past and current spills, disposals or other releases of hazardous 
materials.  In this context, Virco works diligently to remain in compliance with all such environmental laws and regulations as 
these affect the Company's operations.  Moreover, Virco has enacted policies for recycling and resource recovery that have 
earned repeated commendations, including: recognition by the California Department of Resources Recycling and Recovery 
(CalRecycle) in 2011 and 2010 as a Waste Reduction Awards Program (WRAP) honoree; recognition by the United States 
Environmental Protection Agency in 2003 as a WasteWise Hall of Fame Charter Member, in 2002 as a WasteWise Partner of 
the Year and in 2001 as a WasteWise Program Champion for Large Businesses; and recognition by the Sanitation Districts of 
Los Angeles County for compliance with industrial waste water discharge guidelines in 2007 through 2010.  This is only a 
partial list of Virco's environmental awards and commendations; for a more complete list, go to www.virco.com and click on 
the Corporate Stewardship header. 

In addition to these awards and commendations, Virco's ZUMA and ZUMAfrd product lines were the first classroom furniture 
collections to earn indoor air quality certification through the stringent GREENGUARD® Children & Schools Program, now 
known as Greenguard Gold certification.  As a follow-up to the certification of ZUMA and ZUMAfrd models in 2005, 
hundreds of other Virco furniture items - including Analogy furniture models and Textameter instructor workstations - have 
earned GREENGUARD certification.  Moreover, all Virco products covered by the Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act 
of 2008 are in compliance with this legislation.  All affected Virco models are also in compliance with the California Air 
Resources Board rule implemented on January 1, 2009, concerning formaldehyde emissions from composite wood products.  
Environmental laws have changed rapidly in recent years, and Virco may be subject to more stringent environmental laws in 

37

the future.  The Company has expended, and may be expected to continue to expend, significant amounts in the future for 
compliance with environmental rules and regulations, for the investigation of environmental conditions, for the installation of 
environmental control equipment, or remediation of environmental contamination.  Normal recurring expenses relating to 
operating our factories in a manner that meets or exceeds environmental laws are matched to the cost of producing inventory.  It 
is possible that the Company's operations may result in noncompliance with, or liability for remediation pursuant to, 
environmental laws.  Should such eventualities occur, the Company records liabilities for remediation costs when remediation 
costs are probable and can be reasonably estimated. See “Risk Factors : We could be required to incur substantial costs to 
comply with environmental requirements.”  Violations of, and liabilities under, environmental laws and regulations may 
increase our costs or require us to change our business practices.

In 2013 and 2012, the Company was self-insured for product and general liability losses of up to $250,000 per occurrence, for 
workers' compensation losses up to $250,000 per occurrence, and for auto liability up to $50,000 per occurrence.  In prior years 
the Company has been self-insured for workers' compensation, automobile, product, and general liability losses. The Company 
has purchased insurance to cover losses in excess of the self-insured retention or deductible up to a limit of $30,000,000.   For 
the insurance year beginning April 1, 2014, the Company will be self-insured for product and general liability losses up to 
$250,000 per occurrence, for workers' compensation losses up to $250,000 per occurrence, and for auto liability up to $50,000 
per occurrence.  In future years, the Company's exposure to self-insured retentions will vary depending upon the market 
conditions in the insurance industry and the availability of cost-effective insurance coverage.

The Company has aggressively pursued a program to improve product quality, reduce product liability claims and losses, and to 
aggressively defend product liability cases.  This program has continued through 2013 and has resulted in reductions in product 
liability claims and litigated product liability cases.  In addition, the Company has active safety programs to improve plant 
safety and control workers' compensation losses.  Management does not anticipate that any related settlement, after 
consideration of the existing reserves for claims and potential insurance recovery, would have a material adverse effect on the 
Company's financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

The Company did not enter into any material off-balance sheet arrangements during its 2013 fiscal year, nor did the Company 
have any material off-balance sheet arrangements outstanding at January 31, 2014.

New Accounting Pronouncements

In June 2011, the FASB issued accounting guidance updating the presentation format of comprehensive income. The guidance 
provided  two  options  for  presenting  net  income  and  other  comprehensive  income.  The  total  of  comprehensive  income,  the 
components of net income and the components of other comprehensive income may be presented in either a single continuous 
statement of comprehensive income or in two separate but consecutive statements. The Company adopted the new guidance 
beginning February 1, 2013. The guidance did not have a material impact on the Company's financial statements.

In January 2013, the FASB issued accounting guidance clarifying the scope of disclosures about offsetting assets and liabilities.  
This guidance is effective for annual reporting periods beginning on or after January 1, 2013, and interim periods within those 
annual periods. The Company does not expect the adoption to have a material impact on its fiscal 2013 financial statements.

In February 2013, the FASB issued accounting guidance intended to improve the reporting classifications out of accumulated 
other comprehensive income of various components. This guidance was effective for annual periods, and interim periods within 
those periods, beginning after December 15, 2012. The Company adopted the new guidance beginning February 1, 2013, the 
beginning of the Company's 2013 fiscal year.

In July 2013, the FASB issued accounting guidance on the financial statement presentation of an unrecognized tax benefit when 
a net operating loss carryforward, or similar tax loss, or a tax carryforward exists. The guidance is effective for annual reporting 
periods beginning on or after December 15, 2013, and interim periods within those annual periods. The Company does not expect 
the adoption to have a material impact on its fiscal 2014 financial statements.

Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

The Company is subject to interest rate risk related to its seasonal borrowings used to finance additional inventory and 
receivables.  Rising interest rates may adversely affect the Company's results of operations and cash flows related to its 
variable-rate bank borrowings under its credit line with PNC.  Accordingly, a 100 basis point upward fluctuation in PNC's base 
rate would have caused the Company to incur additional interest charges of approximately $139,000 for the twelve months 

38

ended January 31, 2014. The Company would have benefited from a similar interest savings if the base rate were to have 
fluctuated downward by a like amount.

The Company has used derivative financial instruments to reduce interest rate risks.  The Company does not hold or issue 
derivative financial instruments for trading purposes.  All derivatives are recognized as either assets or liabilities in the 
statement of financial condition and are measured at fair value.  At January 31, 2014 and 2013, the Company had no derivative 
instruments.
The Company's business is subject to changes in the price of raw materials used to manufacture its products, such as steel, 
plastic, wood, aluminum, polyethylene, polypropylene, plywood, particleboard, and cartons, as well as the price of petroleum, 
which not only affects the cost of plastic, but also the Company's transportation costs and costs of operating its manufacturing 
facilities.  With respect to the Company's annual contracts (or those contracts that have longer terms), the Company may have 
limited ability to increase prices during the term of the contract.  The Company has, however, negotiated increased flexibility 
under many of these contracts allowing the Company to increase prices on future orders.  Nevertheless, even with respect to 
these more flexible contracts, the Company does not have the ability to increase prices on orders received prior to any 
announced price increases.  Due to the intensely seasonal nature of its business, the Company may receive significant orders 
during the first and second quarters for delivery in the second and third quarters.  With respect to any of the contracts described 
above, if the costs of raw materials increase suddenly or unexpectedly, the Company cannot be certain that it will be able to 
implement corresponding increases in its sales prices in order to offset such increased costs.  Significant cost increases in 
providing products during a given contract period can adversely impact operating results and have done so during prior years, 
especially 2008, and 2011.  The Company typically benefits from any decreases in raw material costs under the contracts 
described above.

39

 
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of January 31, 2014 and 2013
Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Years Ended January 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss for the Years Ended January 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity for the Years Ended January 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Years Ended January 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Schedule II - Valuation and Qualifying Accounts and Reserves for the Years Ended January 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012

Page
numbers
41
42
43
45
46
47
48
49

72

40

 
MANAGEMENT’S REPORT ON INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING

Management of Virco Mfg. Corporation (the “Company”) is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate 
internal control over financial reporting and for the assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting. 
As defined by the Securities and Exchange Commission, internal control over financial reporting is a process designed by, or 
supervised by, the Company’s principal executive and principal financial officers, to provide reasonable assurance regarding 
the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted 
accounting principles.

The Company’s internal control over financial reporting is supported by written policies and procedures, that (1) pertain 

to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the 
Company’s assets; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of 
financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the 
Company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of the Company’s management and directors; and (3) provide 
reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of the Company’s 
assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. 
Projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate 
because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

In connection with the preparation of the Company’s annual financial statements, management of the Company has 
undertaken an assessment of the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of January 31, 
2014, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring 
Organizations of the Treadway Commission (1992 framework) (the COSO criteria). Management’s assessment included an 
evaluation of the design of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting and testing of the operational effectiveness 
of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

Based on this assessment, management did not identify any material weakness in the Company’s internal control over 

financial reporting, and management has concluded that the Company’s internal control over financial reporting was effective 
as of January 31, 2014.

41

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

The Board of Directors and Stockholders of Virco Mfg. Corporation

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Virco Mfg. Corporation as of January 31, 2014 and 2013, 
and the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive loss, stockholders’ equity and cash flows for each of the 
three years in the period ended January 31, 2014. Our audits also included the financial statement schedule listed in the Index at 
Items 15. These financial statements and schedule are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to 
express an opinion on these financial statements and schedule based on our audits.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). 
Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial 
statements are free of material misstatement. We were not engaged to perform an audit of the Company’s internal control over 
financial reporting. Our audits included consideration of internal control over financial reporting as a basis for designing audit 
procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of 
the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion. An audit also includes 
examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the 
accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, and evaluating the overall financial statement 
presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial 
position of Virco Mfg. Corporation at January 31, 2014 and 2013, and the consolidated results of its operations and its cash 
flows for each of the three years in the period ended January 31, 2014, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting 
principles. Also, in our opinion, the related financial statement schedule, when considered in relation to the basic financial 
statements taken as a whole, presents fairly in all material respects the information set forth therein.

Los Angeles, California
April 25, 2014

/s/ Ernst & Young LLP

42

Virco Mfg. Corporation

Consolidated Balance Sheets

Assets

Current assets

Cash

Trade accounts receivables (net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $200 and $275 at
January 31, 2014 and 2013)

Other receivables

Income tax receivable

Inventories

Finished goods, net

Work in process, net
Raw materials and supplies, net

Deferred tax assets, net
Prepaid expenses and other current assets

Total current assets

Property, plant and equipment

Land

Land improvements

Buildings and building improvements

Machinery and equipment

Leasehold improvements

Less accumulated depreciation and amortization

Net property, plant and equipment

Deferred tax assets, net

Other assets

Total assets

See accompanying notes.

January 31,

2014

2013

(In thousands)

$

1,051

$

853

8,468

52

290

7,237

11,116
9,427

27,780

203

1,795

39,639

1,671

1,185

47,271

115,667

2,328

168,122

131,817

36,305

611

6,789

8,760

108

259

4,968

11,041
9,308

25,317

—

1,665

36,962

1,671

1,213

47,703

119,407

2,452

172,446

135,564

36,882

1,484

6,835

$

83,344

$

82,163

43

 
 
Virco Mfg. Corporation

Consolidated Balance Sheets

Liabilities

Current liabilities

Accounts payable

Accrued compensation and employee benefits

Current portion of long-term debt

Deferred tax liabilities

Other accrued liabilities

Total current liabilities

Non-current liabilities

Accrued self-insurance retention
Accrued pension expenses

Income tax payable

Long-term debt, less current portion

Other accrued liabilities

Total non-current liabilities

Commitments and contingencies

Stockholders’ equity

Preferred stock:

January 31,

2014

2013

(In thousands, except share data)

$

12,355

$

11,864

3,594

2,248

—

4,459

22,656

2,025
23,951

69

6,000

1,038

33,083

3,426

4,053

572

4,521

24,436

2,585
26,385

142

—

1,595

30,707

Authorized 3,000,000 shares, $.01 par value; none issued or outstanding

—

—

Common stock:

Authorized 25,000,000 shares, $.01 par value; issued and outstanding 14,718,414 shares in
2013 and 14,550,371 shares in 2012

Additional paid-in capital

Accumulated deficit

Accumulated other comprehensive loss

Total stockholders’ equity

Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity

See accompanying notes.

147

115,978
(74,540)
(13,980)
27,605

146

115,670
(72,810)
(15,986)
27,020

$

83,344

$

82,163

44

 
 
 
Virco Mfg. Corporation

Consolidated Statements of Operations

Net sales
Costs of goods sold
Gross profit
Selling, general and administrative expenses
(Gain) loss on sale of property, plant & equipment
Restructuring expense
Interest expense, net
Income (loss) before income taxes
Income tax expense (benefit)
Net income (loss)
Dividend declared:
Cash
Net loss per common share (a):
Basic
Diluted
Weighted average shares outstanding:
Basic
Diluted

$

$

$

$
$

Year ended January 31,

2014

2013

2012

(In thousands, except per share data)

$

155,920
102,488
53,432
53,465
(10)
1,408
1,302
(2,733)
(1,003)
(1,730) $

$

158,856
107,304
51,552
53,312
(37)
760
1,556
(4,039)
(209)
(3,830) $

166,441
118,283
48,158
56,215
(1)
4,570
1,122
(13,748)
55
(13,803)

— $

— $

0.05

(0.12) $
(0.12) $

(0.27) $
(0.27) $

(0.97)
(0.97)

14,620
14,620

14,387
14,387

14,235
14,235

 _______________
(a)  Net loss per share was calculated based on basic shares outstanding due to the anti-dilutive effect on the inclusion of 

common stock equivalent shares.

See accompanying notes.

45

 
 
 
Virco Mfg. Corporation

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss)

Net income (loss)

Other comprehensive income (loss) :

Pension adjustments, net of tax

Comprehensive income (loss)

            See accompanying notes.

Years ended January 31,

2014

2013

2012

(In thousands)

(1,730) $

(3,830) $

(13,803)

2,006

276

$

(658)
(4,488) $

(5,586)
(19,389)

$

$

46

 
 
 
Virco Mfg. Corporation

Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity

In thousands, except share data
Balance at January 31, 2011

Net loss

Pension adjustments, net of tax effect $0

Shares vested

Stock compensation expense

Stock repurchased

Cash dividends

Common Stock

Shares

Amount

Additional
Paid-in
Capital

Accumulated
Deficit

Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Loss

Total
Stockholder's
Equity

14,204,998

$

142

$

114,467

$

(54,465) $

(9,742) $

50,402

—

—

149,048

—

—

—

—

—

2

—

—

—

—

—

(142)

735

—

—

(13,803)

—

(13,803)

—

(2)

—

—

(710)

(5,586)

—

—

—

—

(5,586)

(142)

735

—

(710)

Balance at January 31, 2012

14,354,046

$

144

$

115,060

$

(68,980) $

(15,328) $

30,896

Net loss

Pension adjustments, net of tax effect $0

Shares vested and others

Stock compensation expense

Cash dividends

Balance at January 31, 2013

Net loss

Pension adjustments , net of tax effect of
$1,078

Shares vested and others

Stock compensation expense

Balance at January 31, 2014

See accompanying notes.

—

—

196,325

—

—

—

—

2

—

—

—

—

(88)

698

—

(3,830)

—

(3,830)

—

—

—

—

(658)

—

—

—

(658)

(86)

698

—

14,550,371

$

146

$

115,670

$

(72,810) $

(15,986) $

27,020

—

—

168,043

—

—

—

1

—

—

—

(215)

523

(1,730)

—

(1,730)

—

—

—

2,006

—

—

2,006

(214)

523

14,718,414

$

147

$

115,978

$

(74,540) $

(13,980) $

27,605

47

 
Virco Mfg. Corporation

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

Year Ended January 31,

2014

2013

2012

(In thousands)

$

(1,730) $

(3,830) $

(13,803)

4,209

4,368

(6)

(10)

97

523

924

376

56

(2,464)

(105)

(58)

(2,055)

(243)

(75)

(37)

66

698

760

4,057

293

2,475

(930)

567

(1,152)

7,260

5,021

196

(1)

228

735

1,992

(2,476)

(233)

7,579

(369)

(31)

378

(784)

(3,632)

(2,050)

(2,159)

19

(25)

53

244

2

170

(3,638)

(1,753)

(1,987)

28,851

(24,656)

(116)

—

4,079

198

853

28,422

(35,876)

(97)

—

(7,551)

(2,044)

2,897

1,051

$

853

$

1,302

$

1,556

$

74

12

29,263

(24,287)

(126)

(710)

4,140

1,369

1,528

2,897

1,122

32

— $

— $

(100)

$

$

$

Operating activities

Net income (loss)

Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by (used in)
operating activities:

Depreciation and amortization

Provision for doubtful accounts

(Gain) loss on sale of property, plant and equipment

Deferred income taxes

Stock-based compensation

Pension settlement

Changes in operating assets and liabilities:

Trade accounts receivable

Other receivables

Inventories

Income taxes

Prepaid expenses and other current assets

Accounts payable and accrued liabilities

Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities

Investing activities

Capital expenditures

Proceeds from sale of property, plant and equipment

Net investment in life insurance

Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities

Financing activities

Proceeds from long-term debt

Repayment of long-term debt

Common stock repurchased

Cash dividend paid

Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities

Net increase (decrease) in cash

Cash at beginning of year

Cash at end of year

Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information

Cash paid during the year for:

Interest

Income tax, net

Non-cash investing activities :

Decrease in accrued asset retirement obligations

See accompanying notes.

48

 
 
VIRCO MFG. CORPORATION

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

January 31, 2014

1. Summary of Business and Significant Accounting Policies

Business

Virco Mfg. Corporation (the “Company”), which operates in one business segment, is engaged in the design, production and 
distribution of quality furniture for the commercial and education markets. Over 64 years of manufacturing operations have 
resulted in a wide product assortment. Major products include mobile tables, mobile storage equipment, desks, computer 
furniture, chairs, activity tables, folding chairs and folding tables. The Company manufactures its products in Torrance, 
California, and Conway, Arkansas, for sale primarily in the United States.

The Company operates in a seasonal business, and requires significant amounts of working capital under its credit facility to 
fund acquisitions of inventory and finance receivables during the summer delivery season. Restrictions imposed by the terms of 
the Company’s credit facility may limit the Company’s operating and financial flexibility. However, management believes that 
its existing cash and available borrowings under its credit facility, and any cash generated from operations will be sufficient to 
fund its working capital requirements, capital expenditures and other obligations through the next 12 months.

Principles of Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Virco Mfg. Corporation and its wholly owned subsidiaries. All 
material intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Management Use of Estimates

Preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles requires management to 
make estimates and assumptions. These estimates and assumptions affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities - and 
disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities - at the date of the financial statements, as well as the reported amounts of 
revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Significant estimates made by management include, but are not limited to, 
valuation of inventory; deferred tax assets and liabilities; useful lives of property, plant, and equipment; liabilities under 
pension, warranty, self-insurance, and environmental claims, revenue recognition; and the accounts receivable allowance for 
doubtful accounts. Actual results could differ from these estimates.

Fiscal Year End

Fiscal years 2013, 2012 and 2011, refer to the fiscal years ended January 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012, respectively.

Concentration of Credit Risk

Financial instruments which potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist principally of accounts 
receivable. The Company performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers and maintains allowances for potential credit 
losses. Sales to the Company’s recurring customers are generally made on open account with terms consistent with the industry. 
Credit is extended based on an evaluation of the customer’s financial condition and payment history. Past due accounts are 
determined based on how recently payments have been made in relation to the terms granted. Amounts are written off against 
the allowance in the period that the Company determines that the receivable is not collectable. The Company purchases 
insurance on receivables from certain commercial customers to minimize the Company’s credit risk. The Company does not 
typically obtain collateral to secure credit risk. Customers with inadequate credit are required to provide cash in advance or 
letters of credit. The Company does not assess interest on receivable balances. A substantial percentage of the Company’s 
receivables come from low-risk government entities. No customer exceeded 10% of the Company’s sales for each of the three 
years ended January 31, 2014. Foreign sales were approximately 7.5%, 10.0% and 7.0% of the Company’s sales for fiscal years 
2013, 2012 and 2011, respectively.

No single customer accounted for more than 10% of the Company’s accounts receivable at January 31, 2014 or 2013. Because 
of the short time between shipment and collection, the net carrying value of receivables approximates the fair value for these 
assets.

49

Fair Values of Financial Instruments

The fair values of the Company’s cash, accounts receivable, and accounts payable approximate their carrying amounts due to 
their short-term nature.

Financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis are classified in one of the three following categories, 
which are described below:

Level 1 — Valuations based on unadjusted quoted prices for identical assets in an active market.

Level 2 — Valuations based on quoted prices in markets where trading occurs infrequently or whose values are based on 

quoted prices of instruments with similar attributes in active markets.

Level 3 — Valuations based on inputs that are unobservable and involve management judgment and our own assumptions 

about market participants and pricing.

Inventories

Inventory is valued at the lower of cost or market (determined on a first-in, first-out basis) and includes material, labor, and 
factory overhead. The Company maintains allowances for estimated slow moving and obsolete inventory to reflect the 
difference between the cost of inventory and the estimated market value. Allowances for slow moving and obsolete inventory 
are determined through a physical inspection of the product in connection with a physical inventory, a review of slow-moving 
product, and consideration of active marketing programs. The market for education furniture is traditionally driven by value, 
not style, and the Company has not typically incurred significant obsolescence expenses. If market conditions are less favorable 
than those anticipated by management, additional allowances may be required. Due to reductions in sales volume in the past 
years, the Company’s manufacturing facilities are operating at reduced levels of capacity. The Company records the cost of 
excess capacity as a period expense, not as a component of capitalized inventory valuation.

Property, Plant and Equipment

Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation and amortization are computed on 
the straight-line method for financial reporting purposes based upon the following estimated useful lives:

Land improvements

Buildings and building improvements

Machinery and equipment

Leasehold improvements

5 to 25 years

5 to 40 years

3 to 10 years

shorter of lease or useful life

The Company did not capitalize interest costs as part of the acquisition cost of property, plant and equipment for the years 
ended January 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012. The Company capitalizes the cost of significant repairs that extend the life of an asset. 
Repairs and maintenance that do not extend the life of an asset are expensed as incurred.  Repair and maintenance expense was 
$1,691,000, $1,681,000 and $1,610,000 for fiscal years ended January 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012, respectively.  Depreciation 
and amortization expense was $4,209,000, $4,368,000 and $5,021,000 for the fiscal years ended January 31, 2014, 2013 and 
2012, respectively.

The Company subleased space at one of its facilities on a month-to-month basis during 2013, 2012 and 2011. Rental income 
was $40,000 for fiscal 2013, 2012, and 2011.

The Company has established asset retirement obligations related to leased manufacturing facilities in accordance with 
Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Accounting Standard Codification (ASC) Topic 410, “Asset Retirement and 
Environmental Obligations.” Accrued asset retirement obligations are recorded at net present value and discounted over the life 
of the lease. Asset retirement obligations, included in other non-current liabilities were $563,000 and $554,000 at January 31, 
2014 and 2013, respectively.

50

Balance at beginning of period
Decrease in obligation
Accretion expense
Balance at end of period

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

January 31,

2014
554,000
—
9,000
563,000

$

$

2013
545,000
—
9,000
554,000

$

$

An impairment loss is recognized in the event facts and circumstances indicate the carrying amount of a long-lived asset may 
not be recoverable, and an estimate of future undiscounted cash flows is less than the carrying amount of the asset. Impairment 
is recorded based on the excess of the carrying amount of the impaired asset over the fair value. Generally, fair value represents 
the Company’s expected future cash flows from the use of an asset or group of assets, discounted at a rate commensurate with 
the risks involved.

Net Loss per Share

Basic net loss per share is calculated by dividing net loss by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding. 
Diluted net loss per share is calculated by dividing net loss by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding 
plus the dilution effect of convertible securities. The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted loss per 
share:

In thousands, except per share data
Numerator

Net loss

Denominator

Weighted-average shares — basic

Common equivalent shares from common stock options and warrants

Weighted-average shares — diluted (1)

Net loss per common share

Basic

Diluted

2013

2012

2011

$

(1,730) $

(3,830) $

(13,803)

14,620

—

14,620

14,387

—

14,387

14,235

—

14,235

$

(0.12) $
(0.12)

(0.27) $
(0.27)

(0.97)
(0.97)

___________________
(1) 

For the years ended January 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012, approximately 180,000, 119,000 and 56,000 shares of common 
stock equivalents, respectively, were excluded in the computation of diluted net income per share, as the effect would be 
anti-dilutive. 

Environmental Costs

The Company is subject to numerous environmental laws and regulations in the various jurisdictions in which it operates that 
(a) govern operations that may have adverse environmental effects, such as the discharge of materials into the environment, as 
well as handling, storage, transportation and disposal practices for solid and hazardous wastes, and (b) impose liability for 
response costs and certain damages resulting from past and current spills, disposals or other releases of hazardous materials. 
Normal, recurring expenses related to operating the Company's factories in a manner that meets or exceeds environmental laws 
and regulations are matched to the cost of producing inventory.

Despite our efforts to comply with existing laws and regulations, compliance with more stringent laws or regulations, or stricter 
interpretation of existing laws, may require additional expenditures by us, some of which may be material. We reserve amounts 
for such matters when expenditures are probable and reasonably estimable.

Costs incurred to investigate and remediate environmental waste are expensed, unless the remediation extends the useful life of 
the assets employed at the site. At January 31, 2014 and 2013, the Company had not capitalized any remediation costs and had 
not recorded any amortization expense in fiscal years 2013, 2012 and 2011.

Advertising Costs

51

 
 
Advertising costs are expensed in the period during which the advertising space is run. Selling, general and administrative 
expenses include advertising costs of $1,246,000 in 2013, $1,103,000 in 2012, and $1,395,000 in 2011. Prepaid advertising 
costs reported as an asset on the balance sheet at January 31, 2014 and 2013, were $242,000 and $248,000, respectively.

Product Warranty Expense

The Company provides a product warranty on most products. The standard warranty offered on products sold through 
January 31, 2005 is five years. Effective February 1, 2005, the standard warranty was increased to 10 years on products sold 
after February 1, 2005. Effective February 1, 2014 the Company modified its warranty to a limited lifetime warranty. The new 
warranty effective February, 1, 2014 is not anticipated to have a significant effect on warranty expense. The Company generally 
provides that customers can return a defective product during the specified warranty period following purchase in exchange for 
a replacement product or that the Company can repair the product at no charge to the customer. The Company determines 
whether replacement or repair is appropriate in each circumstance. The Company uses historic data to estimate appropriate 
levels of warranty reserves. Because product mix, production methods, and raw material sources change over time, historic data 
may not always provide precise estimates for future warranty expense. The Company recorded warranty reserves of $1,000,000 
and $1,000,000 as of January 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively.

Self-Insurance

In 2013 and 2012, the Company was self-insured for product and general liability losses up to $250,000 per occurrence, for 
workers’ compensation losses up to $250,000 per occurrence, and for auto liability up to $50,000 per occurrence. In prior years 
the Company had been self-insured for workers’ compensation, automobile, product, and general liability losses. Actuaries 
assist the Company in determining its liability for the self-insured component of claims, which have been discounted to their 
net present value utilizing a discount rate of 0.50% in 2013 and 0.50% in 2012.

Stock-Based Compensation Plans

The Company recognizes stock-based compensation cost for shares that are expected to vest, on a straight-line basis, over the 
requisite service period of the award.

Reclassifications

Certain reclassifications have been made to the prior year balance sheet to conform to the current year presentation. 
Reclassifications did not have a material impact to the balance sheet or results of operations.  

The Company reclassified $760,000 in pension settlement costs in 2012 from Selling, General and Administrative expenses to 
Restructuring expenses on the Statement of Operations to conform to the current year presentation and to maintain 
comparability among the periods presented.  In 2011 and 2013 the Company incurred severance costs as well as pension 
settlement costs which have also been classified as Restructuring expenses.   

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax

The following table summarizes the changes in accumulated balances of other comprehensive income (loss) for the year ended 
January 31, 2014:

52

Balance as of January 31, 2013

Amounts reclassified from AOCI, net of tax

Balance as of January 31, 2014

The reclassification out of AOCI for the year ended January 31, 2014:

Amortization of defined benefit pension and postretirement plan items:

Amortization prior service cost

Expected return on plan assets

Actuarial Gain / (Loss)

Amortization of net actuarial loss

Pension adjustments

Total before tax

Tax effect

Net of tax

Revenue Recognition: 

Pension and Post-
retirement Benefits

(15,986)
2,006
(13,980)

Amount reclassified
from AOCI

—

(391) See Note 4
1,003 See Note 4

1,548 See Note 4

924 See Note 4

3,084
(1,078)
2,006

$

$

$

$

The Company recognizes revenue in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 605, “Revenue Recognition.” Revenue is recognized 
when title passes under its various shipping terms, when installation services are complete, and when collectability is 
reasonably assured. The Company reports sales net of sales returns and allowances and sales taxes imposed by various 
government authorities, where applicable. In most instances, the Company sells furniture on bids and contracts, which may 
include multiple elements. For sales that include freight to the customer, many sales are delivered on the same day shipped, 
with an average delivery being in route for 1 to 3 days. Installation, which involves carrying the furniture to the classroom and 
setting the desks and chairs in place, typically occurs the day the furniture is delivered. 

In accordance with ASC 605, 25, “Revenue Recognition - Multiple-Element Arrangements,” revenue arrangements with 
multiple deliverables are generally accounted for by the Company on a combined unit of accounting as our customers control 
our ability to deliver and install the furniture, and as a result the furniture delivery and installation are generally provided at the 
same time. We recognize the consideration for the combined unit of accounting once the final item has been delivered and 
installed. 

Shipping and Installation Fees

Revenues related to shipping and installation are included in net sales.  For the fiscal years ended January 31, 2014, 2013 and 
2012, shipping and installation costs of approximately $14,576,000, $15,040,000 and $15,804,000, respectively, were included 
in selling, general and administrative expenses.

Accounting for Income Taxes

The Company recognizes deferred income taxes under the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes in 
accordance with the provisions of FASB ASC Topic 740, “Accounting for Income Taxes.” Deferred income taxes are 
recognized for differences between the financial statement and tax basis of assets and liabilities at enacted statutory tax rates in 
effect for the years in which the differences are expected to reverse. The effect on deferred taxes of a change in tax rates is 
recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. A valuation allowance against deferred tax assets is 
recorded when it is determined to be more likely than not that the asset will not be realized.

2. New Accounting Pronouncements

In June 2011, the FASB issued accounting guidance updating the presentation format of comprehensive income. The guidance 
provided  two  options  for  presenting  net  income  and  other  comprehensive  income.  The  total  of  comprehensive  income,  the 
components of net income and the components of other comprehensive income may be presented in either a single continuous 

53

statement of comprehensive income or in two separate but consecutive statements. The Company adopted the new guidance 
beginning February 1, 2013. The guidance did not have a material impact on the Company's financial statements.

In January 2013, the FASB issued accounting guidance clarifying the scope of disclosures about offsetting assets and liabilities.  
This guidance is effective for annual reporting periods beginning on or after January 1, 2013, and interim periods within those 
annual periods. The Company does not expect the adoption to have a material impact on its fiscal 2013 financial statements.

In February 2013, the FASB issued accounting guidance intended to improve the reporting classifications out of accumulated 
other comprehensive income of various components. This guidance was effective for annual periods, and interim periods within 
those periods, beginning after December 15, 2012. The Company adopted the new guidance beginning February 1, 2013, the 
beginning of the Company's 2013 fiscal year.

In July 2013, the FASB issued accounting guidance on the financial statement presentation of an unrecognized tax benefit when 
a net operating loss carryforward, or similar tax loss, or a tax carryforward exists. The guidance is effective for annual reporting 
periods beginning on or after December 15, 2013, and interim periods within those annual periods. The Company does not expect 
the adoption to have a material impact on its fiscal 2014 financial statements.

3. Debt

Outstanding balances (in thousands) for the Company’s long-term debt were as follows:

In thousands, except per share data
Revolving credit line

Other

Total debt

Less current portion

Non-current portion

January 31,

2014

2013

$

$

8,248

$

—

8,248

2,248

6,000

$

4,053

—

4,053

4,053

—

On December 22, 2011 (the Closing Date), the Company and Virco Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company (Virco 
and, together with the Company, the Borrowers) entered into a Revolving Credit and Security Agreement (the Credit 
Agreement) with PNC Bank, National Association, as administrative agent and lender (PNC).  On June 15, 2012, the 
Borrowers entered into Amendment No. 1 (Amendment No. 1) to the Credit Agreement which, among other things, increased 
the borrowing availability thereunder by $3,000,000 for the period from May 1 through July 14 of each year.  On July 27, 2012, 
the Borrowers entered into Amendment No. 2 (Amendment No. 2) to the Credit Agreement which, among other things, reduced 
the minimum EBITDA financial covenant contained therein for the five consecutive months ending June 2012 from $1,600,000 
to $300,000.  On September 12, 2012, the Borrowers entered into Amendment No. 3 (Amendment No. 3) to the Credit 
Agreement which, among other things, modified the minimum EBITDA covenant for the balance of the fiscal year. On 
December 6, 2012, the Borrowers entered into Amendment No. 4 (Amendment No. 4) to the Credit Agreement which, among 
other things, waived the violation of the minimum EBITDA and minimum tangible net worth covenants at October 31, 2012 
and eliminated the minimum EBITDA covenant at November 30, 2012.  On March 1, 2013, the Borrowers entered into 
Amendment No. 5 (Amendment No. 5) to the Credit Agreement, which among other things modified the minimum tangible net 
worth covenant for the periods from January 31, 2013 to January 31, 2014, modified the minimum EBIDTA covenant for 
certain periods to January 31, 2014 and waived the violation of the minimum EBITDA covenant for the eleven consecutive 
fiscal month period ending December 31, 2012.  On January 9, 2014 the Borrowers entered into Amendment No. 6 
(Amendment No. 6) to the Credit Agreement, which, among other things, amended the definition of “Peak Season” and 
increased the peak season borrowing capacity.  On April 15, 2014 the Borrowers entered into Amendment No. 7 (Amendment 
No. 7) to the Credit Agreement, which, among other things, extended the maturity date of the Credit Agreement for three years 
until December 22, 2017, reduced the maximum availability under the Credit Agreement by $10,000,000 to $50,000,000, 
waived the violation of the minimum EBITDA covenant at January 31, 2014, waived the violation of the fixed charge coverage 
ratio covenant at January 31, 2014, included levels for the minimum tangible net worth financial covenant and a minimum 
EBITDA financial covenant for fiscal year 2014 and the minimum fixed charge coverage ratio until the maturity date of the 
Credit Agreement.  

54

 
The Credit Agreement provides the Borrowers with a secured revolving line of credit (the Revolving Credit Facility) of up to 
$50,000,000, with seasonal adjustments to the credit limit and subject to borrowing base limitations, and includes a sub-limit of 
up to $3,000,000 for issuances of letters of credit.  The Revolving Credit Facility is an asset-based line of credit that is subject 
to a borrowing base limitation and generally provides for advances of up to 85% of eligible accounts receivable, plus a 
percentage equal to the lesser of 60% of the value of eligible inventory or 85% of the liquidation value of eligible inventory, 
plus an amount ranging from $6,000,000 to $12,000,000 from March 1 through July 31 of each year, minus undrawn amounts 
of letters of credit and reserves.  The Revolving Credit Facility is secured by substantially all of the Borrowers' personal 
property and certain of the Borrowers' real property.  The principal amount outstanding under the Credit Agreement and any 
accrued and unpaid interest is due no later than December 22, 2017, and the Revolving Credit Facility is subject to certain 
prepayment penalties upon earlier termination of the Revolving Credit Facility.  Prior to the maturity date, principal amounts 
outstanding under the Credit Agreement may be repaid and reborrowed at the option of the Borrowers without premium or 
penalty, subject to borrowing base limitations, seasonal adjustments and certain other conditions.

On the Closing Date, the Borrowers drew down approximately $9,800,000 under the Revolving Credit Facility to repay in full 
all indebtedness outstanding under its prior revolving facility governed by the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement 
dated as of March 12, 2008, as amended, by and between the Company and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, and to pay 
fees and expenses related to the Credit Agreement. The Company intends to utilize the Revolving Credit Facility for liquidity 
and working capital purposes.

The Revolving Credit Facility bears interest, at the Borrowers' option, at either the Alternate Base Rate (as defined in the Credit 
Agreement) or the Eurodollar Currency Rate (as defined in the Credit Agreement), in each case plus an applicable margin.  The 
applicable margin for Alternate Base Rate loans is a percentage within a range of  0.75% to 1.75%, and the applicable margin 
for Eurodollar Currency Rate loans is a percentage within a range of 1.75% to 2.75%,%, in each case based on the EBITDA of 
the Borrowers at the end of each fiscal quarter, and may be increased at PNC's option by 2.0% during the continuance of an 
event of default.  Accrued interest with respect to principal amounts outstanding under the Credit Agreement is payable in 
arrears on a monthly basis for Alternative Base Rate loans, and at the end of the applicable interest period but at most every 
three months for Eurodollar Currency Rate loans.

The Credit Agreement contains a covenant that forbids the Company from issuing dividends or making payments with respect 
to the Company's capital stock, and contains numerous other covenants that limit under certain circumstances the ability of the 
Borrowers and their subsidiaries to, among other things, merge with or acquire other entities, incur new liens, incur additional 
indebtedness, repurchase stock, sell assets outside of the ordinary course of business, enter into transactions with affiliates, or 
substantially change the general nature of the business of the Borrowers, taken as a whole.  The Credit Agreement also requires 
the Company to maintain the following financial maintenance covenants: (1) a minimum tangible net worth amount, (2) a 
minimum fixed charge coverage ratio, and (3) a minimum EBITDA amount, in each case as of the end of the relevant monthly, 
quarterly or annual measurement period.  As of January 31, 2014 the Credit Agreement required the Company to maintain: (1) 
a minimum tangible net worth of at least $22,365,000 for the fiscal quarter ending January 31, 2014, (2) a minimum fixed 
charge coverage ratio of at least 1.00 to 1.00 for the four consecutive fiscal quarters ending January 31, 2014, and (3) a 
minimum EBITDA amount of $5,593,000 for the twelve consecutive fiscal months ending January 31, 2014.  The actual results 
of the Company with respect to the foregoing financial covenants for the period ending January 31, 2014 were as follows: (1) 
the Company maintained a tangible net worth of $27,605,000 for the fiscal year ending January 31, 2014, (2) the Company 
maintained a fixed charge coverage ratio of less than 0.00 to 1.00 for the four consecutive fiscal quarters ended January 31, 
2014, and (3) the Company achieved EBITDA of $3,301,000 for the twelve consecutive fiscal months ending January 31, 2014. 
Therefore the Company was in violation of its minimum fixed charge coverage ratio and minimum EBITDA covenants for the 
relevant period ending January 31, 2014. However, as noted above, on April 15, 2014 the Company entered into Amendment 
No. 7, which waived the violation of the minimum EBITDA covenant at January 31, 2014, waived the violation of the 
minimum fixed charge coverage ratio covenant at January 31, 2014, included levels for the minimum tangible net worth 
financial covenant and the minimum EBITDA financial covenant for fiscal year 2014 and the minimum fixed charge coverage 
ratio until the maturity date of the Credit Agreement

In addition, the Credit Agreement contains a clean down provision that requires the Company to reduce borrowings under the 
line to less than $6,000,000 for a period of 60 consecutive days each fiscal year.  The Company believes that normal operating 
cash flow will allow it to meet the clean down requirement with no adverse impact on the Company's liquidity. Other than as 
noted above with respect to the minimum EBITDA covenant and the minimum tangible net worth covenant, the Company was 
in compliance with its covenants at January 31, 2014.

Events of default (subject to certain cure periods and other limitations) under the Credit Agreement include, but are not limited 
to, (i) non-payment of principal, interest or other amounts due under the Credit Agreement, (ii) the violation of terms, 
covenants, representations or warranties in the Credit Agreement or related loan documents, (iii) any event of default under 
agreements governing certain indebtedness of the Borrowers and certain defaults by the Borrowers under other agreements that 

55

would materially adversely affect the Borrowers, (iv) certain events of bankruptcy, insolvency or liquidation involving the 
Borrowers, (v) judgments or judicial actions against the Borrowers in excess of  $250,000, subject to certain conditions, (vi) the 
failure of the Company to comply with Pension Benefit Plans (as defined in the Credit Agreement), (vii) the invalidity of loan 
documents pertaining to the Credit Agreement, (viii) a change of control of the Borrowers and (ix) the interruption of 
operations of any of the Borrowers' manufacturing facilities for five consecutive days during the peak season or fifteen 
consecutive days during any other time, subject to certain conditions.

Pursuant to the Credit Agreement, substantially all of the Borrowers' accounts receivable are automatically and promptly swept 
to repay amounts outstanding under the Revolving Credit Facility upon receipt by the Borrowers.  Due to this automatic 
liquidating nature of the Revolving Credit Facility, if the Borrowers breach any covenant, violate any representation or 
warranty or suffer a deterioration in their ability to borrow pursuant to the borrowing base calculation, the Borrowers may not 
have access to cash liquidity unless provided by PNC at its discretion.  In addition, certain of the covenants and representations 
and warranties set forth in the Credit Agreement contain limited or no materiality thresholds, and many of the representations 
and warranties must be true and correct in all material respects upon each borrowing, which the Borrowers expect to occur on 
an ongoing basis.  There can be no assurance that the Borrowers will be able to comply with all such covenants and be able to 
continue to make such representations and warranties on an ongoing basis.

The Company's line of credit with PNC is structured to provide seasonal credit availability during the Company's peak summer 
season. The Company believes that the Revolving Credit Facility will provide sufficient liquidity to meet its capital 
requirements in the next 12 months. Approximately $10,919,000 was available for borrowing as of January 31, 2014.  

The descriptions set forth herein of the Credit Agreement, Amendment No. 1, Amendment No. 2, Amendment No. 3, 
Amendment No. 4, Amendment No. 5, Amendment No. 6 and Amendment No. 7 are qualified in their entirety by the terms of 
such agreements, each of which has been filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

As of January 31, 2014, long-term debt repayments are approximately as follows (in thousands):

Year ending January 31,

2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
Thereafter

$

2,248
6,000
—
—
—
—

Management believes that the carrying value of debt approximated fair value at January 31, 2014 and 2013, as all of the long-
term debt bears interest at variable rates based on prevailing market conditions.

4. Retirement Plans

Pension Plans

The Company maintains three defined benefit pension plans, the Virco Employees Retirement Plan (“Employee Plan”), the 
Virco Important Performers Retirement Plan (“VIP Plan”), and the Non-Employee Directors Retirement Plan (“Directors 
Plan”). The Company and its subsidiaries cover all employees under the Employee Plan, which is a qualified noncontributory 
defined benefit retirement plan. Benefits under the Employee Plan are based on years of service and career average earnings. 
Benefit accruals under the Employee Plan were frozen effective December 31, 2003.

The Company also provides a supplementary retirement plan for certain key employees, the VIP Plan. The VIP Plan provides a 
benefit up to 50% of average compensation for the last five years in the VIP Plan, offset by benefits earned under the Employee 
Plan. The VIP Plan benefits are secured by a life insurance program. The cash surrender values of the policies securing the VIP 
Plan were $3,238,000 and $3,008,000 at January 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively. These cash surrender values are included in 
other assets in the consolidated balance sheets.  The Company maintains a rabbi trust to hold assets related to the VIP 
Retirement Plan and a Split $ Life Insurance Plan.  Substantially all assets securing the VIP Plan are held in the rabbi trust.  
Benefit accruals under the VIP Plan were frozen effective December 31, 2003.

In April 2001, the board of directors established the Directors Plan, a non-qualified plan for non-employee directors of the 
Company. The Directors Plan provides a lifetime annual retirement benefit equal to the director’s annual retainer fee for the 

56

 
fiscal year in which the director terminates his or her position with the board, subject to the director providing 10 years of 
service to the Company. At January 31, 2014, the Directors Plan did not hold any assets. Benefit accruals under the Directors 
Plan were frozen effective December 31, 2003.

The annual measurement date for all plans for the fiscal years ended January 31, 2014, 2013, and 2012 is January 31.  Effective 
December 31, 2003, the Company froze all future benefit accruals under the plans.  Employees can continue to vest under the 
benefits earned to date, but no covered participants will earn additional benefits under the plan freeze.

Accounting policy regarding pensions requires management to make complex and subjective estimates and assumptions 
relating to amounts which are inherently uncertain.  Three primary economic assumptions influence the reported values of plan 
liabilities and pension costs.  The Company takes the following factors into consideration: discount rate, assumed rate of return 
and rate of increase in compensation.

The discount rate represents an estimate of the rate of return on a portfolio of high-quality fixed-income securities that would 
provide cash flows that match the expected benefit payment stream from the plans.  When setting the discount rate, the 
Company utilizes a spot-rate yield curve developed from high-quality bonds currently available which reflects changes in rates 
that have occurred over the past year.  This assumption is sensitive to movements in market rates that have occurred since the 
preceding valuation date, and therefore, may change from year to year.

Because the Company froze future benefit accruals for all three defined benefit plans, the compensation increase assumption 
had no impact on pension expense, accumulated benefit obligation or projected benefit obligation for the period ended 
January 31, 2014, 2013 or 2012.

The assumed rate of return on plan assets represents an estimate of long-term returns available to investors who hold a mixture 
of stocks, bonds, and cash equivalent securities.  When setting its expected return on plan asset assumptions, the Company 
considers long-term rates of return on various asset classes (both historical and forecasted, using data collected from various 
sources generally regarded as authoritative) in the context of expected long-term average asset allocations for its defined 
benefit pension plan.  Two of the Company's defined benefit pension plans (the VIP Plan and the Directors Plan) are executive 
benefit plans that are not funded and are subject to the Company's creditors.  Because these plans are not funded, the assumed 
rate of return has no impact on pension expense or the funded status of the plans.

The Company maintains a trust for and funds the pension obligations for the Employee Plan. The board of directors appoints a 
Retirement Plan Committee that establishes a policy for investment and funding strategies. Approximately 70% of the trust 
assets are managed by investment advisors and held in common trust funds with the balance managed by the Retirement Plan 
Committee. The Retirement Plan Committee has established target asset allocations for its investment advisors, who invest the 
trust assets in a variety of institutional collective trust funds. The long-term asset allocation target provided to the investment 
advisors is 80% stock and 20% bond, with maximum allocations of 80% large cap stocks, 30% small cap stocks, and 30% 
international stock. The Company has established a custom benchmark derived from a variety of stock and bond indices that 
are weighted to approximate the asset allocation provided to the investment advisors.  The investment advisors' performance is 
compared to the custom index as part of the evaluation of the investment advisors' performance.  The Retirement Plan 
Committee receives monthly reports from the investment advisors and meets periodically with them to discuss investment 
performance.

At January 31, 2014 and 2013, the amount of the plan assets invested in bond or short-term investment funds was 12% and 8%, 
respectively, and the balance of the trust was held in equity funds or investments.  The trust does not hold any Company stock.  

During 2011, two events significantly impacted the pension plans. The first event was a reduction in the discount rate utilized 
to calculate pension plan obligations. The reduction in discount rate caused the liability for pension obligations to increase by 
approximately $3.7 million, $1.4 million, and $26,000 for the Employee Plan, the VIP Plan, and the Directors Plan, 
respectively. The increase in liability resulted in a comparable increase to Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income 
(“AOCI”). The second event was a $2.0 million settlement charge for the Employee Plan. As part of a restructuring plan, the 
Company offered early retirement benefits to all employees who voluntarily severed their employment with the Company.  
Although the early retirement benefit was paid in cash and did not include any additional benefits payable from a retirement 
plan, the benefit formula was structured to reward employees with significant years of service, the same employees who would 
have earned retirement benefits prior to the Employee Plan freeze in 2003.  The pension trust made significant lump sum 
distributions to participants in the latter part of the year, resulting in settlement charges in the third and fourth quarters.  
Because the VIP Plan and Director Plan do not allow lump sum payments, there was no similar settlement charge required.

During 2012 the pension plans were impacted by the same events of 2011, but to a lesser extent.  A reduction in the discount 
rate caused the liability for pension obligations to increase by approximately $2.0 million, $0.3 million, and $10,000 for the 
Employee Plan, the VIP Plan, and the Directors Plan, respectively.  The increase in liability resulted in a comparable increase to 

57

AOCI.  As a result of large distributions paid from the Employee Plan, a $760,000 settlement charge for the Employee Plan was 
recorded in the fourth quarter. 

During 2013 the pension plans were impacted by a reduction in force.  Although the severance benefits was paid in cash and 
did not include any additional benefits payable from a retirement plan, the severance included employees with vested pension 
benefits.  The pension trust made significant lump sum distributions to participants in the latter part of the year, resulting in 
settlement charges in the third and fourth quarters.  During 2013, the pension liability decreased due to increased discount rates, 
offset by an increase in liability due to the adoption of a new mortality table.

It is the Company's policy to contribute adequate funds to the trust accounts to cover benefit payments under the VIP Plan and 
Directors Plan and to maintain the funded status of the Employee Plan at a level which is adequate to avoid significant 
restrictions to the Employee Plan under the Pension Protection Act of 2006.  The Company contributed $1.8 million, $2.0 
million, and $1.9 million, to the trust in 2013, 2012, and 2011, respectively.  Contributions during 2014 will depend upon actual 
investment results and benefit payments, but are anticipated to be approximately $2.4 million.  During 2013, 2012, and 2011, 
the Company paid approximately $564,000, $561,000 and $451,000 respectively, in benefits per year under the non-qualified 
plans.  It is anticipated that contributions to non-qualified plans will be approximately $710,000 for 2014.  At January 31, 2014, 
accumulated other comprehensive loss of approximately $16.4 million ($14.0 million net of tax) is attributable to the pension 
plans.

58

The following tables sets forth (in thousands) the funded status of the Company’s pension plans at January 31, 2014, and 2013:

Employee Plan

VIP Plan

Directors Plan

1/31/2014

1/31/2013

1/31/2014

1/31/2013

1/31/2014

1/31/2013

Change in Benefit Obligation

Benefit obligation at beg. of year

Service cost

Interest cost

Participant contributions

Amendments

Actuarial losses (gains)

Plan settlement

Benefits paid

Benefit obligation at end of year

Change in Plan Assets

Fair value at beg. of year

Actual return on plan assets

Company contributions

Settlements

Benefits paid

Fair value at end of year

Funded Status

Unfunded status of the plan

Amounts Recognized in Statement of
Financial Position

Current liabilities

Non-current liabilities

Accrued benefit cost

Amounts Recognized in Statement of
Financial Position and Operations

Accrued benefit liability

Accumulated other comp. loss (gain)

Net amount recognized

Items not yet Recognized as a Component of
Net Periodic Pension Expense, Included in
AOCI

Unrecognized net actuarial loss (gain)

Unamortized prior service costs

Net initial asset recognition

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

32,840

$

29,583

$

8,054

$

8,079

$

468

$

—

1,312

—

—

596

(2,148)

(531)

32,069

16,875

2,122

1,850

(2,148)

(531)

$

$

—

1,299

—

—

3,951

(1,477)

(516)

32,840

14,808

2,035

2,025

(1,477)

(516)

$

$

—

330

—

—

(176)

—

(546)

—

352

—

—

175

—

(552)

—

18

—

—

(29)

—

(18)

7,662

$

8,054

$

439

$

— $

— $

— $

—

546

—

(546)

—

552

—

(552)

—

18

—

(18)

— $

18,168

$

16,875

$

— $

— $

480

—

20

—

—

(23)

—

(9)

468

—

—

9

—

(9)

—

(13,901) $

(15,965) $

(7,662) $

(8,054) $

(439) $

(468)

—

—

(13,901)

(15,965)

(584)

(7,078)

(570)

(7,484)

(66)

(373)

(13,901) $

(15,965) $

(7,662) $

(8,054) $

(439) $

(13,901) $

(15,965) $

(7,662) $

(8,054) $

(439) $

14,235

16,906

2,259

2,656

(75)

334

$

941

$

(5,403) $

(5,398) $

(514) $

14,235

$

16,906

$

2,259

$

2,656

$

(75) $

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

14,235

$

16,906

$

2,259

$

2,656

$

(75) $

(61)

(407)

(468)

(468)

(61)

(529)

(61)

—

—

(61)

59

 
Other Changes in Plan Assets and Benefit Obligations Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income

Employee Plan

VIP Plan

Directors Plan

1/31/2014

1/31/2013

1/31/2014

1/31/2013

1/31/2014

1/31/2013

$

(407)

$

2,895

$

(176)

$

—

(2,264)

—

—

—

(2,184)

—

—

(222)

—

—

175

—

(205)

—

—

$

(29)

$

(23)

—

14

—

—

—

—

—

—

(2,671)

$

711

$

(398)

$

(30)

$

(15)

$

(23)

Net loss (gain)

Prior service cost

Amortization of (loss) gain

Amortization of prior service cost (credit)

Amortization of initial asset

Total recognized in other comprehensive
income

Items to be Recognized as a Component of
2013 Periodic Pension Cost

Prior service cost

Net actuarial loss (gain)

Supplemental Data

Projected benefit obligation

Accumulated benefit obligation

Fair value of plan assets

Components of Net Cost

Service cost

Interest cost

Expected return on plan assets

Amortization of transition amount

Recognized (gain) loss due to curtailments

Amortization of prior service cost

Recognized net actuarial loss

Benefit cost

Estimated Future Benefit Payments

FYE 01-31-2015

FYE 01-31-2016

FYE 01-31-2017

FYE 01-31-2018

FYE 01-31-2019

FYE 01-31-2020 to 2024

Total

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

21,270

Weighted Average Assumptions to Determine 
Benefit Obligations at
Year-End

Discount rate

Rate of compensation increase

Weighted Average Assumptions to Determine
Net Periodic Pension Cost

Discount rate

Expected return on plan assets

Rate of compensation increase

4.25%

N/A

4.00%

6.50%

N/A

4.00%

N/A

4.50%

6.50%

N/A

60

— $

— $

— $

— $

— $

$

$

1,136

1,136

32,069

32,069

18,168

$

$

1,397

1,397

32,840

32,840

16,875

$

$

178

178

7,662

7,662

—

$

$

222

222

8,054

8,054

—

$

$

(31)

(31)

439

439

—

— $

— $

— $

— $

— $

1,299

(979)

—

—

—

2,184

2,504

$

1,312

(1,119)

—

—

—

2,264

2,457

4,862

1,963

2,456

1,475

1,879

8,635

$

$

$

330

—

—

—

—

222

552

584

345

329

313

336

1,796

3,703

4.75%

N/A

4.25%

N/A

N/A

352

—

—

—

—

205

557

$

$

$

$

4.25%

N/A

4.50%

N/A

N/A

18

—

—

—
—
(14)

4

$

66

60

55

49

44

148

422

4.25%

N/A

4.00%

N/A

N/A

—

(14)

(14)

468

468

—

—

20

—

—

—

—

—

20

4.00%

N/A

4.50%

N/A

N/A

 
Fair Value Measurements of Plan Assets
Employee Plan

Level 1 Measurement

Cash & Cash Equivalents

Common Stock

Total Level 1

Level 2 Measurement

Bond Index Fund

Core Bond CIT Fund

US Aggregate Bond Index Fund

Large Cap Growth Index Fund

Large Cap Value Index Fund

Russell 2000 Index Fund

International Equity Index Fund
Managed Investment Fund

Vanguard MSCI Emerging Markets Fund

Total Level 2

Level 3 Measurement

None

401(k) Retirement Plan

1/31/2014

1/31/2013

$

$

$

$

$

$

372

5,085

5,457

354

1,172

355

3,758

2,765

1,602

1,359
938

408

268

4,376

4,644

162

973

229

3,809

3,039

1,461

1,179
773

606

$

12,711

$

12,231

N/A

N/A

The Company’s retirement plan, which covers all U.S. employees, allows participants to defer from 1% to 50% of their eligible 
compensation through a 401(k) retirement program. Through December 31, 2001, the plan included an employee stock 
ownership component. The plan continues to include Virco stock as one of the investment options. At January 31, 2014 and 
2013, the plan held 771,070 shares and 783,154 shares of Virco stock, respectively. For the fiscal years ended January 31, 2014, 
2013 and 2012, there was no employer match and therefore no compensation cost to the Company.

Life Insurance

The Company provided current and post-retirement life insurance to certain salaried employees with split-dollar life insurance 
policies under the Dual Option Life Insurance Plan. Effective January 2004, the Company terminated this plan for active 
employees. Cash surrender values of these policies, which are included in other assets in the consolidated balance sheets, were 
$3,076,000 and $3,069,000 at January 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively. The Company maintains a rabbi trust to hold assets 
related to the Dual Option Life Insurance Plan. Substantially all assets securing this plan are held in the rabbi trust. As of 
January 31, 2014 and 2013, the Company has purchased life insurance on the lives of the participants that will pay death 
benefits of approximately $5,990,000 and $5,870,000, respectively.

The following sets forth the Company's change in death benefits payable during the years ended January 31, 2014 and 2013:

Liability beginning of year
Accretion expense
Present value of death benefits paid
Liability end of year

5. Stock-Based Compensation and Stockholders’ Rights

Stock Incentive Plans

61

1/31/2014

1/31/2013

$

$

2,316,000
85,000
—
2,401,000

$

$

2,074,000
292,000
(50,000)
2,316,000

 
The Company's two stock plans are the 2011 Employee Stock Incentive Plan (the “2011 Plan”) and the 2007 Employee 
Incentive Stock Plan (the “2007 Plan”). Under the 2011 Plan, the Company may grant an aggregate of 1,000,000 shares to its 
employees and non-employee directors in the form of stock options or awards.  Restricted stock or stock units awarded under 
the 2011 Plan are expensed ratably over the vesting period of the awards. The Company determines the fair value of its 
restricted stock unit awards and related compensation expense as the difference between the market value of the awards on the 
date of grant less the exercise price of the awards granted.  The Company granted 99,430 awards during fiscal 2013. As of 
January 31, 2014, there were approximately 349,320 shares available for future issuance under the 2011 Plan.

Under the 2007 Plan, the Company may grant an aggregate of 1,000,000 shares to its employees and non-employee directors in 
the form of stock options or awards. Restricted stock or stock units awarded under the 2007 Plan are expensed ratably over the 
vesting period of the awards. The Company determines the fair value of its restricted stock unit awards and related 
compensation expense as the difference between the market value of the awards on the date of grant less the exercise price of 
the awards granted. The Company  granted 0 awards during fiscal 2013. As of January 31, 2014, there were approximately 
13,075 shares available for future issuance under the 2007 Plan.

The shares of common stock issued upon exercise of a previously granted stock option are considered new issuances from 
shares reserved for issuance upon adoption of the various plans. While the Company does not have a formal written policy 
detailing such issuance, it requires that the option holders provide a written notice of exercise to the stock plan administrator 
and payment for the shares prior to issuance of the shares.

Accounting for the Plans

A summary of the Company’s stock option activity, and related information for the years ended January 31, is as follows:

2014

2013

2012

Outstanding at beginning of year

Options

— $

Granted

Exercised

Forfeited

Outstanding at end of year

Exercisable at end of year

—

—

—

—

—

Weighted-
Average
Exercise
Price

—

—

—

—

—

—

Weighted-
Average
Exercise
Price

—

—

—

—

—

—

Weighted-
Average
Exercise
Price

Options

12,100

$

8.82

—

—
(12,100)
—

—

—

—

—

—

—

Options

— $

—

—

—

—

—

The data included in the above table has been retroactively adjusted, if applicable, for stock dividends.

62

 
Restricted Stock Unit Awards

The following table presents a summary of restricted stock and stock unit awards:

Date of Grants

Units Granted

2011 Stock Incentive Plan

12/3/2013

12/3/2013

6/25/2013

6/19/2012

6/19/2012

2007 Stock Incentive Plan

6/19/2012

3/21/2012

6/21/2011

6/8/2010

6/16/2009

6/19/2007
Totals for the period

10,000

18,000

71,430

31,250

520,000

78,125

40,000

68,960

56,455

382,500

262,500

Terms of
Vesting

1 year

5 year

1 year

1 year

5 year

1 year

Immediate

1 year

1 year

5 year

5 year

Expense for 12 months ended

Unrecognized
Compensation
Cost at

1/31/2014

1/31/2013

1/31/2012

1/31/2014

$

6,000

$

— $

— $

1,000

100,000

17,000

160,000

41,000

—

—

—

198,000

—

—

—

33,000

111,000

82,000

80,000

67,000

—

226,000

99,000

—

—

—

—

—

—

133,000

58,000

235,000

309,000

13,000

36,000

50,000

—

523,000

—

—

—

—

62,000

—

$

523,000

$

698,000

$

735,000

$

684,000

A summary of the Company’s restricted stock unit awards activity, and related information for the following years ended 
January 31, is as follows: 

2014

2013

2012

Outstanding at beginning of year

743,375

$

Granted

Vested

Forfeited

Outstanding at end of year

Weighted-average fair value of
restricted stock units granted during
the year

99,430

(260,375)

(38,000)

544,430

Weighted-
average fair
value of
restricted
stock units

Restricted
stock units

Weighted-
average fair
value of
restricted
stock units

3.80

1.62

3.63

3.50

1.89

Restricted
stock units

290,960

$

669,375
(204,960)
(12,000)
743,375

Weighted-
average fair
value of
restricted
stock units

4.19

2.89

4.29

4.31

3.80

Restricted
stock units

467,455

$

68,960
(178,455)
(67,000)
290,960

1.89

2.07

2.01

2.00

1.87

$

2.07

$

1.62

$

2.89

The aggregate fair value of restricted stock unit awards vested during fiscal years 2013, 2012 and 2011 was  $523,000, 
$744,000 and $766,000, respectively. 

Stockholders’ Rights

On October 15, 1996, the Board of Directors declared a dividend of one preferred stock purchase right (the “Rights”) for each 
outstanding share of the Company’s common stock. Each of the Rights entitles a stockholder to purchase for an exercise price 
of $50.00 ($20.70, as adjusted for stock splits and stock dividends), subject to adjustment, one one-hundredth of a share of 
Series A Junior Participating Cumulative Preferred Stock of the Company, or under certain circumstances, shares of common 
stock of the Company or a successor company with a market value equal to two times the exercise price. The Rights are not 
exercisable, and would only become exercisable for all other persons when any person has acquired or commences to acquire a 
beneficial interest of at least 20% of the Company’s outstanding common stock. The Rights have no voting privileges, and may 
be redeemed by the Board of Directors at a price of $.001 per Right at any time prior to the acquisition of a beneficial 
ownership of 20% of the outstanding common stock. There are 200,000 shares, (483,153 shares as adjusted by stock splits and 
stock dividends) of Series A Junior Participating Cumulative Preferred Stock reserved for issuance upon exercise of the Rights. 
On July 31, 2007, the Company and Mellon Investor Services LLC entered into an amendment to the Rights Agreement 

63

 
 
 
governing the Rights. The amendment, among other things, extended the term of the Rights issued under the Rights Agreement 
to October 25, 2016, removed the dead-hand provisions from the Rights Agreement, and formally replaced the former Rights 
Agent, The Chase Manhattan Bank, with its successor-in-interest, Mellon Investor Services LLC.

6. Income Taxes

The income tax expense (benefit) for the last three years is reconciled to the statutory federal income tax rate using the liability 
method as follows (in thousands):

Statutory
State taxes (net of federal tax)
Change in valuation allowance
State rate adjustment
Change in unrecognized tax benefits
Other

Year ended January 31,

2014

2013

2012

$

$

(929) $
(47)
(253)
82
(32)
176
(1,003) $

(1,373) $
(124)
1,480
49
(246)
5
(209) $

(4,674)
(799)
6,043
(288)
(164)
(63)
55

Significant components of the expense (benefit) for income taxes (in thousands) attributed to continuing operations are as 
follows:

Current

Federal
State

Deferred
Federal
State

Change in Valuation Allowance

Year ended January 31,

2014

2013

2012

$

$

$

1
(24)
(23)

(753)
23
(730)
(250)
(980)
(1,003) $

— $

(275)
(275)

(1,192)
(223)
(1,415)
1,481
66
(209) $

—
(173)
(173)

(4,581)
(1,235)
(5,816)
6,044
228
55

64

 
 
 
Deferred tax assets and liabilities (in thousands) are comprised of the following:

Deferred tax assets

Accrued vacation and sick leave
Retirement plans
Insurance reserves
Warranty
Net operating loss carryforwards
Intangibles
Inventory
Other

Deferred tax liabilities

Tax in excess of book depreciation
Other

Valuation allowance
Net deferred tax asset
Reported as:

Current deferred tax assets
Current deferred tax liabilities
Long-term deferred tax assets

Year ended January 31,

2014

2013

913
8,960
956
481
12,494
207
1,590
907
26,508

$

$

(1,407) $
(76)
(1,483) $
(24,210)
815

$

203

$
— $

611

830
10,343
1,193
451
12,072
272
723
1,250
27,134

(1,540)
(81)
(1,621)
(24,601)
912

—
(572)
1,484

$

$

$

$

$

$
$

The following table summarizes the activity related to our gross unrecognized tax benefits from February 1, 2012 to 
January 31, 2014 (in thousands):

Balances as of February 1,

Increases related to prior year tax positions

Decreases related to prior year tax positions

Increases related to current year tax positions

Decreases relating to settlements with taxing authorities
Decreases related to lapsing of statute of limitations

Balance as of January 31,

January 31,

2014

2013

$

106

$

—
(9)
5
(19)
(31)
52

$

$

271

56

—

8

—
(229)
106

At January 31, 2014, the Company’s unrecognized tax benefits associated with uncertain tax positions were $52,000, of which 
$34,000 if recognized, would favorably affect the effective tax rate.

The Company recognizes interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits as a component of income tax expense 
which is consistent with the recognition of the items in prior reporting. The Company had recorded a liability for interest and 
penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits of $16,000 at January 31, 2014, and $36,000 at January 31, 2013. The Company 
closed its IRS examination for its tax return for the year ended January 31, 2011 with no changes.  The years ended January 31, 
2010, January 31, 2012 through January 31, 2014 remain open for examination by the IRS.  The fiscal years ended January 31, 
2010 through January 31, 2014 remain open for examination by state tax authorities. The Company is not currently under state 
examination.

During 2014 and 2013, the Company completed Texas income tax examinations of the tax years ending January 31, 2008 and 
2009, respectively.  The examination did not materially impact the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

The specific timing of when the resolution of each tax position will be reached is uncertain. As of January 31, 2014, it is 
reasonably possible that unrecognized tax benefits will decrease by $26,000 within the next 12 months due to the expiration of 
the statute of limitations.

65

 
 
 
 
In assessing the realizability of deferred tax assets, the Company considers whether it is more likely than not that some portion 
or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized.  The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the 
generation of future taxable income or reversal of deferred tax liabilities during the periods in which those temporary 
differences become deductible.  The Company considers the scheduled reversal of deferred tax liabilities, projected future 
taxable income, and tax planning strategies in making this assessment.  A valuation allowance was recorded against the 
majority of the net deferred tax assets totaling $24,210,000 and $24,601,000 at January 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively. At 
January 31, 2014, the Company had net operating loss carryforwards for federal and state income tax purposes, expiring at 
various dates through 2033. Federal net operating losses that can potentially be carried forward totaled approximately 
$24,546,000 at January 31, 2014. State net operating losses that can potentially be carried forward totaled approximately 
$51,082,000 at January 31, 2014.

7. Commitments

The Company has operating leases on real property and equipment that expire at various dates. The Torrance, CA 
manufacturing and distribution facility is leased under a 5-year operating lease that expires on February 28, 2020. One of the 
Conway, AR manufacturing facilities is leased under a 10-year operating lease that expires on March 31, 2018. The Company 
leases machinery and equipment under a 5-year operating lease arrangement. The Company has the option of buying out the 
assets at the end of the lease period. The Company leases trucks, automobiles, and forklifts under operating leases that include 
certain fleet management and maintenance services. Certain of the leases contain renewal or purchase options and require 
payment for property taxes and insurance. The Company records rent expense on a straight-line basis based on contractual 
lease payments. Allowances from lessors for tenant improvements have been included in the straight-line rent expense for 
applicable locations. Tenant improvements are capitalized and depreciated over the remaining life of the applicable lease.

Minimum future lease payments (in thousands) for operating leases in effect as of January 31, 2014, are as follows:

Year ending January 31,
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
Thereafter

Total minimum lease payments
Less sublease revenues

Rent expense relating to operating leases was as follows (in thousands):

Year ended January 31,
2014
2013
2012

$

$

$

5,773
3,248
4,109
4,590
4,227
4,560
26,507
(73)
26,434

6,555
6,629
6,619

The Company has issued purchase commitments for raw materials at January 31, 2014, of approximately $9,010,000. There 
were no commitments in excess of normal operating requirements.

8. Contingencies

The Company and other furniture manufacturers are subject to federal, state and local laws and regulations relating to the 
discharge of materials into the environment and the generation, handling, storage, transportation and disposal of waste and 
hazardous materials. The Company has expended, and expects to continue to spend, significant amounts in the future to comply 
with environmental laws. Normal recurring expenses relating to operating the Company factories in a manner that meets or 
exceeds environmental laws are matched to the cost of producing inventory. Despite the Company’s significant dedication to 
operating in compliance with applicable laws, there is a risk that the Company could fail to comply with a regulation or that 
applicable laws and regulations change. On these occasions, the Company records liabilities for remediation costs when 
remediation costs are probable and can be reasonably estimated.

66

 
 
The Company is subject to contingencies pursuant to environmental laws and regulations that in the future may require the 
Company to take action to correct the effects on the environment of prior disposal practices or releases of chemical or 
petroleum substances by the Company or other parties. 

The Company has a self-insured retention for product and general liability losses up to $250,000 per occurrence, workers’ 
compensation liability losses up to $250,000 per occurrence, and for automobile liability losses up to $50,000 per occurrence. 
The Company has purchased insurance to cover losses in excess of the retention up to a limit of $30,000,000. The Company 
has obtained an actuarial estimate of its total expected future losses for liability claims and recorded a liability equal to the net 
present value of $2,425,000 and $2,985,000 at January 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively, based upon the Company’s estimated 
payout period of five years using a 0.5% and 0.5% discount rate, respectively.

Workers’ compensation, automobile, general and product liability claims may be asserted in the future for events not currently 
known by management. Management does not anticipate that any related settlement, after consideration of the existing reserve 
for claims incurred and potential insurance recovery, would have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial position, 
results of operations or cash flows. Estimated payments under the self-insurance programs are as follows (in thousands):

Year ending January 31,
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
Thereafter
Total
Discount to net present value

$

$

400
510
510
510
510
—
2,440
(15)
2,425

The Company and its subsidiaries are defendants in various legal proceedings resulting from operations in the normal course of 
business. It is the opinion of management, in consultation with legal counsel, that the ultimate outcome of all such matters will 
not materially affect the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

9. Warranty

The Company provides a warranty against all substantial defects in material and workmanship. In 2005 the Company extended 
its standard warranty from five years to 10 years.  Effective February 1, 2014 the Company modified its warranty to a limited 
lifetime warranty. The new warranty effective February 1, 2014 is not anticipated to have a significant effect on warranty 
expense. The Company’s warranty is not a guarantee of service life, which depends upon events outside the Company’s control 
and may be different from the warranty period. The Company accrues an estimate of its exposure to warranty claims based 
upon both product sales data and an analysis of actual warranty claims incurred. Warranty expense increased during 2011 and 
2012 due to the Company’s decision to replace a component on a certain style of chair. These replacements were completed at a 
cost less than originally anticipated as the Company was able to perform field repairs at a favorable cost rather than incurring 
replacement costs. The repair / replacement of this component was not related to the safety of the product and has no exposure 
relating to product liability reserves. At the current time, management cannot reasonably determine whether warranty claims 
for the upcoming fiscal year will be less than, equal to, or greater than warranty claims incurred in 2013. The following is a 
summary of the Company’s warranty-claim activity during 2013 and 2012.

(In thousands)
Beginning balance

Provision for current year

Provision for (benefits from) prior year
Costs incurred
Ending balance

January 31,

2014

2013

$

$

1,000

$

600
(220)
(380)
1,000

$

1,400

630
(490)
(540)
1,000

67

 
 
10. Subsequent Events

The Company has evaluated events subsequent to January 31, 2014, to assess the need for potential recognition or disclosure in 
this report. Such events were evaluated through the date these financial statements were issued. Based upon this evaluation, it 
was determined that no subsequent events occurred that require recognition or additional disclosure in the financial statements 
except for Amendment No. 7, dated April 15, 2014 to the Revolving Credit and Security Agreement, dated as of December 22, 
2011, which is disclosed in the notes to the consolidated financial statements. 

11. Quarterly Results (Unaudited)

The Company’s quarterly results for the years ended January 31, 2014 and 2013,  as adjusted, are summarized as follows (in 
thousands, except per share data):

Year ended January 31, 2014
Net sales
Gross profit
Net (loss) income
Per common share
Net (loss) income (a)
Basic
Assuming dilution
Year ended January 31, 2013
Net sales
Gross profit
Net (loss) income
Per common share
Net (loss) income (a)
Basic
Assuming dilution

Q1

Q2

Q3

Q4

$

$

$

$

$

19,890
6,409
(4,447)

(0.31) $
(0.31)

$

23,668
6,967
(4,833)

56,933
21,586
6,210

0.43
0.42

60,392
22,867
7,053

(0.34) $
(0.34)

0.49
0.49

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

59,454
21,161
3,408

0.23
0.23

56,642
19,318
2,908

0.20
0.20

19,643
4,276
(6,901)

(0.47)
(0.47)

18,154
2,400
(8,958)

(0.62)
(0.62)

 ______________________________
(a)  Net loss per share was calculated based on basic shares outstanding due to the anti-dilutive effect on the inclusion of 

common stock equivalent shares.

Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosures

Not applicable.

Item 9A. Controls and Procedures

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

The Company maintains disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be 
disclosed in reports filed with the Commission pursuant to the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported 
within the time periods specified in the Commission’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and 
communicated to the Company’s management, including its President and Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, 
as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Assessing the costs and benefits of such controls and 
procedures necessarily involves the exercise of judgment by management, and such controls and procedures, by their nature, 
can provide only reasonable assurance that management’s objectives in establishing them will be achieved.

Virco carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of the Company’s management, including its 
President and Chief Executive Officer along with its Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of 
disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this Annual Report pursuant to Exchange Act 
Rule 13a-15. Based upon the foregoing, the Company’s President and Chief Executive Officer along with the Company’s Chief 
Financial Officer concluded that Virco’s disclosure controls and procedures are effective in ensuring that (i) information 
required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, 

68

summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms and (ii) information required to be 
disclosed by the Company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to 
the Company’s management, including its principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar 
functions, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There was no change in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting during the fourth fiscal quarter that has 
materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. See 
“Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting.”

Item 9B. Other Information

None.

69

PART III

Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers of the Registrant and Corporate Governance

Except for the information disclosed in Part 1 under the heading “Executive Officers” of the Registrant, the information 
required by this Item regarding directors shall be incorporated by reference to information set forth in the Company’s definitive 
Proxy Statement to be filed within 120 days after the end of the Company’s fiscal year end of January 31, 2014.

Item 11. Executive Compensation

The information required by this Item is incorporated by reference to information set forth in the Company’s definitive Proxy 
Statement to be filed within 120 days after the end of the Company’s fiscal year end of January 31, 2014.

Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters

The information required by this Item is incorporated by reference to information set forth in the Company’s definitive Proxy 
Statement to be filed within 120 days after the end of the Company’s fiscal year end of January 31, 2014.

Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence

The information required by this Item is incorporated by reference to information set forth in the Company’s definitive Proxy 
Statement to be filed within 120 days after the end of the Company’s fiscal year end of January 31, 2014.

Item 14. Principal Accounting Fees and Services

The information required by this Item is incorporated by reference to information set forth in the Company’s definitive Proxy 
Statement to be filed within 120 days after the end of the Company’s fiscal year end of January 31, 2014.

70

Item 15. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules

PART IV

1. The following consolidated financial statements of Virco Mfg. Corporation are set forth in Item 8 of this report.

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm 
Consolidated Balance Sheets - January 31, 2014 and 2013
Consolidated Statements of Operations - Years Ended January 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss - Years Ended January 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity - Years Ended January 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - Years Ended January 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements - January 31, 2014

Page numbers
42
43
45
46
47
48
49

71

 
2. The following consolidated financial statement schedule of Virco Mfg. Corporation is included in Item 15:

VIRCO MFG. CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
SCHEDULE II — VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS AND RESERVES
FOR THE YEARS ENDED JANUARY 31, 2014, 2013 AND 2012

(In Thousands)

Col. A

Col. B
Beginning Balance

Col. C
Charged to
(Reduced from)
Expenses

Col. E
Deductions from
Reserves

Col. F
Ending Balance

Allowance for doubtful accounts for the
period ended:

January 31, 2014

January 31, 2013

January 31, 2012

Inventory valuation reserve for the period
ended:

January 31, 2014

January 31, 2013

January 31, 2012

Warranty reserve for the period ended:

January 31, 2014

January 31, 2013

January 31, 2012

Product, general, workers’ compensation and
automobile liability reserves for the period
ended:

January 31, 2014

January 31, 2013

January 31, 2012

Deferred tax valuation allowance for the
period ended:

January 31, 2014

January 31, 2013

January 31, 2012

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

275

350

200

3,425

3,900

3,750

1,000

1,400

2,300

2,985

2,915

2,770

24,601

22,859

14,548

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

3

75

187

$

$

$

— $

— $

150

380

$

$

140
$
(64) $

— $

70

145

$

$

— $

1,742

8,311

$

$

78

150

37

100

475

$

$

$

$

$

— $

380

540

836

$

$

$

560

$

— $

— $

391

$

— $

— $

200

275

350

3,325

3,425

3,900

1,000

1,000

1,400

2,425

2,985

2,915

24,210

24,601

22,859

All other schedules for which provision is made in the applicable accounting regulation of the Securities and Exchange 
Commission are not required under the related instructions, are inapplicable, or are included in the Financial Statements or 
Notes thereto, and therefore are not required to be presented under this Item.

3. Exhibits

See Index to Exhibits. The exhibits listed in the accompanying Index to Exhibits are filed as part of this report.

72

 
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15 (d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this 
report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

SIGNATURES

Date: April 23, 2014

By:

/s/ Robert A. Virtue                                                     

  Robert A. Virtue
  Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer

VIRCO MFG. CORPORATION

73

 
 
 
POWER OF ATTORNEY

KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS, that each person whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints 
Robert A. Virtue and Robert E. Dose his/her true and lawful attorney-in-fact and agent, with full power of substitution and, for 
him/her and in his/her name, place and stead, in any and all capacities to sign any and all amendments to this report on Form 
10-K, and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and 
Exchange Commission, granting unto said attorney-in-fact and agent full power and authority to do and perform each and every 
act and thing requisite and necessary to be done in connection therewith, as fully to all intents and purposes as he/she might or 
could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorney-in-fact and agent, or his/her substitute or substitutes, 
may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following 
persons on behalf of the registrant in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

SIGNATURE

   TITLE

  DATE

/s/ Robert A. Virtue
Robert A. Virtue

/s/ Douglas A. Virtue

Douglas A. Virtue

/s/ Robert E. Dose
Robert E. Dose

/s/ Bassey Yau

Bassey Yau

/s/ Donald S. Friesz

Donald S. Friesz

/s/ Thomas J. Schulte

Thomas J. Schulte

/s/ Mike DiGregorio

Mike DiGregorio

/s/ Glen D. Parish

Glen D. Parish

/s/ James R. Wilburn

James R. Wilburn

William L. Beer

Robert K. Montgomery

April 23, 2014

April 23, 2014

April 23, 2014

April 23, 2014

April 23, 2014

April 23, 2014

April 23, 2014

April 23, 2014

April 23, 2014

   Chairman of the Board, Chief Executive Officer,

President and Director (Principal Executive Officer),
Director

   Executive Vice President, Director

   Vice President, Finance, Secretary and Treasurer

(Principal Financial Officer)

Vice President, Accounting, Corporate Controller,
Assistant Secretary and Assistant Treasurer
(Principal Accounting Officer)

   Director

   Director

   Director

   Director

   Director

   Director

Director

74

 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
VIRCO MFG. CORPORATION
EXHIBITS TO FORM 10-K ANNUAL REPORT
for the Year Ended January 31, 2014

Description

Certificate of Incorporation of the Company dated April 23, 1984, as amended (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 1 to the
Company’s Form 8-A12B (Commission File No. 001-08777), filed with the Commission on June 18, 2007).

Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Company dated September 10, 2001 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the
Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (Commission File No. 001-08777), filed with the Commission on
September 14, 2001).

First Amendment to Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Company dated October 25, 2007 (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (Commission File No. 001-08777), filed with the Commission
on October 31, 2007).

Second Amendment to Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Company dated February 15, 2011 (incorporated by reference
to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (Commission File No. 001-08777), filed with the Commission
on February 22, 2011).

Third Amendment to Virco Mfg. Corporation's Amended and Restated Bylaws, effective June 19, 2012 (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on June 21, 2012).

Rights Agreement dated as of October 18, 1996, by and between the Company and Mellon Investor Services (as assignee of
The Chase Manhattan Bank), as Rights Agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 1 to the Company’s Form S-8
Registration Statement (Commission File No. 001-08777), filed with the Commission on October 25, 1996).

Amendment dated as of April 30, 2007, by and between the Company and Mellon Investor Services LLC to the Rights
Agreement by and between the Company and The Chase Manhattan Bank dated as of October 18, 1996 (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the Commission on June 8, 2007).

Form of Virco Mfg. Corporation Employee Stock Ownership Plan (the “ESOP”) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to
the Company’s Form S-8 Registration Statement (Commission File No. 33-65098), filed with the Commission on June 25,
1993).

Trust Agreement for the ESOP (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the Company’s Form S-8 Registration Statement
(Commission File No. 33-65098), filed with the Commission on June 25, 1993).

Form of Registration Rights Agreement for the ESOP (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 to the Company’s Form S-8
Registration Statement (Commission File No. 33-65098), filed with the Commission on June 25, 1993).

1993 Stock Incentive Plan of the Company (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Form S-8
Registration Statement (Commission File No. 33-65098), filed with the Commission on June 1993).

Lease dated February 1, 2006, between FHL Group, a California Corporation, as landlord and Virco Mfg. Corporation, a
Delaware Corporation, as tenant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K
filed with the Commission on February 3, 2006).

Stock Purchase Agreement dated June 6, 2006, between the Company and Wedbush, Inc. and Wedbush Morgan Securities,
Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on
June 8, 2006).

Warrant Agreement dated June 6, 2006, between the Company and Wedbush, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2
to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on June 8, 2006).

Warrant Agreement dated June 6, 2006, between the Company and Wedbush Morgan Securities, Inc. (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on June 8, 2007).

Amended Stock Purchase Agreement dated August 29, 2006, between the Company and Steve Presley, Ed Gyenes, Nick
Wilson, Scotty Bell, Patty Quinones, Eric Nordstrom, Larry Maddox, James Simms, Bassey Yau, Robert Virtue, Doug
Virtue and Evan Gruber (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed
with the Commission on December 11, 2006).

Exhibit
Number
3.1

3.2

3.3

3.4

3.5

4.1

4.2

10.1

10.2

10.3

10.4

10.5

10.6

10.7

10.8

10.9

10.10

Design Agreement dated January 21, 2008, between the Company and Peter Glass Design, LLC, and Hedgehog Design,
LLC. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 and 10.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the
Commission on January 25, 2008).

75

 
Exhibit
Number

10.11

10.12

10.13

10.14

10.15

10.16

10.17

10.18

10.19

10.20

10.21

10.22

10.23

10.24

10.25

10.26

Description

Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of March 12, 2008, between Virco Mfg. Corporation and Wells
Fargo Bank, National Association (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K
filed with the Commission on March 24, 2008).

Revolving Line of Credit Note, dated as of March 12, 2008, by Virco Mfg. Corporation in favor of Wells Fargo Bank,
National Association (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with
the Commission on March 24, 2008).

Master Reaffirmation Agreement dated as of March 12, 2008, among Virco Mfg. Corporation, Virco Mgmt. Corporation,
Virco Inc. and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s Current
Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on March 24, 2008).

Amended and Restated Mortgage, dated as of March 12, 2008, by Virco Mfg. Corporation in favor of Wells Fargo Bank,
National Association (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with
the Commission on March 24, 2008).

Amendment No. 1 to the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of July 31, 2008, between Virco Mfg.
Corporation and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s
Quarterly Report on Form 10Q filed with the Commission on September 9, 2008).

Amendment No. 2 to Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of March 27, 2009, by Virco Mfg.
Corporation and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.25 to the Company’s
Annual Report on Form 10K filed with the Commission on April 16, 2009).

Lease amendment dated August 14, 2008, between AMB Property, L.P., a Delaware Limited Partnership, as landlord and
Virco Mfg. Corporation, a Delaware Corporation, as tenant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s
Quarterly Report on Form 10Q filed with the Commission on September 9, 2008).

Third Amendment to Lease Agreement, entered into as of December 20, 2013, by and between Starboard Distribution
Center, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, successor in interest to AMB Property, L.P., a Delaware limited
Partnership and Virco Mfg. Corporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Current Report on
Form 8-K filed with the Commission on December 20, 2013.

Amendment No. 3 to Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of March 27, 2009, by Virco Mfg.
Corporation and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.25 to the Company’s
Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Commission on April 16, 2009).

Amendment No. 4 to Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of April 28, 2011, by Virco Mfg.
Corporation and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s
Quarterly Report on Form 10Q filed with the Commission on June 7, 2011).

Amendment No. 5 to Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of July 30, 2011, by Virco Mfg.
Corporation and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s
Quarterly Report on Form 10Q filed with the Commission on September 10, 2011).

Amendment No. 6 to Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of October 29, 2011, by Virco Mfg.
Corporation and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s
Quarterly Report on Form 10Q filed with the Commission on December 9, 2011).

Amendment No. 7 to Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of January 31, 2011, by Virco Mfg.
Corporation and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.31 to the Company’s
Annual Report on Form 10K filed with the Commission on April 15, 2011).

Amendment No. 8 to Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of May 31, 2011, by Virco Mfg.
Corporation and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s
Quarterly Report on Form 10Q filed with the Commission on June 9, 2011).

Separation Agreement and General Release of Claims between Virco Mfg. Corporation and Larry O. Wonder, dated May 24,
2011 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10Q filed with the
Commission on June 9, 2011).

Virco Mfg. Corporation 2011 Stock Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current
Report on Form 8K filed with the Commission on June 27, 2011).

76

10.27

10.28

10.29

10.30

10.31

10.32

10.33

10.34*

10.35

21.1*

23.1*

31.1*

31.2*

Separation Agreement between Virco Mfg. Corporation and Lori Swafford, dated September 22, 2011 (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10Q filed with the Commission on December 15,
2011).

Revolving Credit and Security Agreement dated as of December 22, 2011 by and among Virco Mfg. Corporation and Virco
Inc., as borrowers, and PNC Bank, National Association, as the lender and administrative agent (incorporated by reference
to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8K filed with the Commission on December 22, 2011).

First Amendment to Revolving Credit and Securities Agreement, dated as of June 15, 2012, by and among Virco Mfg.
Corporation and Virco, Inc., as borrowers, and PNC Bank, National Association, as the lender and administrative agent
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the Commission on
September 14, 2012).

Second Amendment to Revolving Credit and Security Agreement, dated as of July 27, 2012, by and among Virco Mfg.
Corporation and Virco, Inc., as borrowers, and PNC Bank, National Association, as the lender and administrative agent
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on
July 31, 2012).

Third Amendment to Revolving Credit and Security Agreement, dated as of September 12, 2012, by and among Virco Mfg.
Corporation and Virco, Inc., as borrowers, and PNC Bank, National Association, as the lender and administrative agent
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the Commission on
September 14, 2012).

Fourth Amendment to Revolving Credit and Security Agreement, dated as of December 6, 2012, by and among Virco Mfg.
Corporation and Virco, Inc., as borrowers, and PNC Bank, National Association, as the lender and administrative agent
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the Commission on
December 7, 2012).

Fifth Amendment to Revolving Credit and Security Agreement, dated as of March 1, 2013, by and among Virco Mfg.
Corporation and Virco, Inc., as borrowers, and PNC Bank, National Association, as the lender and administrative agent
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on
March 1, 2013).

Sixth Amendment to Revolving Credit and Security Agreement, dated as of January 9, 2014, by and among Virco Mfg.
Corporation and Virco, Inc., as borrowers, and PNC Bank, National Association, as the lender and administrative agent.

Seventh Amendment to Revolving Credit and Security Agreement, dated as of  April 15, 2014, by and among Virco Mfg.
Corporation and Virco, Inc., as borrowers, and PNC Bank, National Association, as the lender and administrative agent.
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on
April 16, 2014).

List of All Subsidiaries of Virco Mfg. Corporation.

Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.

Certification of the Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) under the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as
adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

Certification of the Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) under the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as
adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

32.1*

Certification of the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350.

101.INS*

XBRL Instance Document.

101.SCH*

XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.

101.CAL*

XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.

101.DEF*

XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.

101.LAB*

XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.

101.PRE*

XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.

______________________
Filed herewith.
* 

77

 
Exhibit 21.1

LIST OF SUBSIDIARIES

Virco Inc.
2027 Harpers Way
Torrance, CA 90501

Exhibit 23.1

CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

We consent to the incorporation by reference in the following Registration Statements:

(1)  Registration Statement (Form S-8 No. 333-32539) pertaining to the Virco Mfg. Corporation 1997 Stock Incentive Plan,
(2)  Registration Statement (Form S-8 No. 333-51717) pertaining to the Virco Mfg. Corporation Employee Stock 

Ownership Plan,

(3)  Registration Statement (Form S-8 No. 333-74832) pertaining to the Virco Mfg. Corporation 401(K) Savings Plan, 
(4)  Registration Statement (Form S-8 No. 333-143874) pertaining to the Virco Mfg. Corporation 2007 Stock Incentive 

Plan, 

(5)  Registration Statement (Form S-8 No. 333-175638) pertaining to the Virco Mfg. Corporation 2011 Stock Incentive 

Plan, and

(6)  Registration Statement (Form S-3 No. 333-135618) of Virco Mfg. Corporation pertaining to the resale of Virco Mfg. 

Corporation’s common stock by certain selling security holders;

of our report dated April 25, 2014, with respect to the consolidated financial statements and schedule of Virco Mfg. Corporation 
included in this Annual Report (Form 10-K) for the year ended January 31, 2014.

Los Angeles, California
April 25, 2014

/s/ Ernst & Young LLP

 
Exhibit 31.1 

I, Robert A. Virtue, certify that: 

1. I have reviewed this Form 10-K of Virco Mfg. Corporation; 

CERTIFICATIONS 

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material 

fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not 
misleading with respect to the period covered by this report; 

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in 

all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods 
presented in this report; 

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and 

procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as 
defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have: 

(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed 
under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, 
is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; 

(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be 

designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the 
preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; 

(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our 
conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this 
report based on such evaluation; and 

(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during 

the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has 
materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and 

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control 
over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons 
performing the equivalent functions): 

(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial 
reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report 
financial information; and 

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the 

registrant’s internal control over financial reporting. 

Date: April 23, 2014

/s/ Robert A. Virtue
Robert A. Virtue
President, Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the
Board (Principal Executive Officer)

Exhibit 31.2 

I, Robert E. Dose, certify that: 

1. I have reviewed this Form 10-K of Virco Mfg. Corporation; 

CERTIFICATIONS 

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material 

fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not 
misleading with respect to the period covered by this report; 

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in 

all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods 
presented in this report; 

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and 

procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as 
defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have: 

(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed 
under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, 
is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; 

(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be 

designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the 
preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; 

(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our 
conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this 
report based on such evaluation; and 

(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during 

the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has 
materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and 

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control 
over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons 
performing the equivalent functions): 

(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial 
reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report 
financial information; and 

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the 

registrant’s internal control over financial reporting. 

Date: April 23, 2014

/s/ Robert E. Dose
Robert E. Dose
Vice President — Finance, Secretary and Treasurer
(Principal Financial Officer)

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 
18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, 
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO 
SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002 

Exhibit 32.1 

Each of the undersigned hereby certifies, in his capacity as an officer of Virco Mfg. Corporation (the “Company”), for purposes 
of 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to his own knowledge: 

• 

• 

The Annual Report of the Company on Form 10-K for the period ended January 31, 2014, fully complies with 
the requirements of Section 13(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

The information contained in such report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and 
results of operation of the Company.

Dated: April 23, 2014

/s/ Robert A. Virtue
Robert A. Virtue
President, Chief Executive Officer
and Chairman of the Board
(Principal Executive Officer)

/s/ Robert E. Dose
Robert E. Dose

Vice President — Finance, Secretary and Treasurer
(Principal Financial Officer)

A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906 has been provided to Virco Mfg. Corporation and will be 
retained by Virco Mfg. Corporation and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request. 

Annual Meeting 

Supplemental Stockholders’ Information 

The  Annual  Meeting  of  Virco  stockholders  will  be  held  on  Tuesday,  June  24,  2014,  at  10:00  a.m.,  at  2027  Harpers  Way,  Torrance,  CA
90503. The record date for this meeting is May 9, 2014. The Proxy Statement and Proxy pertaining to this meeting will be mailed on or 
about May 23, 2014.     

SEC Form 10-K 

A  copy  of  the  annual  report  to  the  Securities  and  Exchange  Commission  on  Form  10-K  may  be  obtained  without  charge  upon  written 
request to:

Corporate Secretary 
Virco Mfg. Corporation 
2027 Harpers Way 
Torrance, CA 90501 
www.virco.com 

Virco Common Stock 

The  NASDAQ  is  the  principal  market  on  which  Virco  Mfg.  Corporation  (VIRC)  stock  is  traded.    As  of  May  9,  2014,  there  were 
approximately 216 registered stockholders according to the transfer agent records.  There are approximately 650 beneficial stockholders. 

Stockholder Records 

Records pertaining to stockholdings and dividends are maintained by Computershare.  Inquiries with respect to these matters, as well 
as notices of address changes, should be directed to: 

Computershare Phone #: (877) 261-9278 

Address:
Computershare Trust Company, N.A.  
P.O. Box 30170 
College Station, TX 77842 

Private Couriers/Registered Mail: 
Computershare Trust Company, N.A.  
211 Quality Circle, Suite 210 
College Station, TX 77845 

Questions & Inquiries via our Website:  http://www.computershare.com
Hearing Impaired #:  TDD:  1-800-952-9245 

If a stock certificate is lost or mutilated, immediately communicate with Computershare at the above addresses. 

Additional Services for Stockholders 

Information  about  the  Company  is  now  available  to  stockholders  at  the  Company’s  website  (www.virco.com).    A  brief  description  of
Virco’s product line is offered together with illustrations showing a sampling of our furniture.  

Quarterly Dividend and Stock Market Information 

Cash Dividends Declared
2013

2012

Common Stock Range

2013

2012

1st Quarter 
2nd Quarter 
3rd Quarter 
4th Quarter 

$

$

—
—  
—
—  

High 

Low 

High 

Low 

$

—
— 
—
— 

$

2.72
2.53 
2.49
2.80 

$

1.96 
1.95  
1.98 
2.00  

$

2.25
3.43 
2.73
1.87 

1.56
2.35 
1.35
1.31 

  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
[THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK]

Officers, Facilities

Officers

Robert A. Virtue 
President, Chairman of the Board 
and Chief Executive Officer 

Douglas A. Virtue 
Executive Vice President 

J. Scott Bell 
Vice President – General Manager,
Conway Division 

Robert E. Dose 
Vice President – Finance,
Secretary and Treasurer

Jamie Makuuchi 
Vice President – Chief Marketing Officer

Patricia Quinones 
Vice President – Logistics, Marketing Services 
and Information Technology 

D. Randal Smith 
Vice President – Marketing &
Corporate Stewardship

Bassey Yau 
Vice President – Corporate 
Controller, Assistant Secretary 
and Assistant Treasurer

Independent Registered Public 
Accounting Firm

Ernst & Young LLP 
725 South Figueroa Street, 
Suite 500 
Los Angeles, CA 90017 

Corporate Headquarters

2027 Harpers Way
Torrance, California 90501
(310) 533-0474

Major Facilities

Torrance Division
2027 Harpers Way
Torrance, California 90501

Conway Division
Highway 65, South
Conway, Arkansas 72032

2013 ANNUAL  REPO R T

VIRCO MFG. CO RPO RATI ON

20 27  HARPERS WAY
T ORR ANCE, CA 90501

HIGHWAY 65, SOUTH
CONWAY, AR 72032

PH ONE: 800-448-4726
WE B:  www.virco.com

Printed in U.S.A.
REF #14088