VOXX International
Annual Report 2022

Plain-text annual report

UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION Washington, D.C. 20549 FORM 10-K (Mark One) ☒ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the fiscal year ended February 28, 2022 or ☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 FOR THE TRANSITION PERIOD FROM Commission file number 0-28839 VOXX INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) Delaware (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) 2351 J. Lawson Boulevard, Orlando, Florida (Address of principal executive offices) 13-1964841 (IRS Employer Identification No.) 32824 (Zip Code) (800) 645-7750 (Registrant's telephone number, including area code) Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: Title of each class: Trading Symbol: Name of Each Exchange on which Registered Class A Common Stock $.01 par value VOXX The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☐ No ☒ Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ☐ No ☒ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports) and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See definition of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (check one): Large accelerated filer ☐ Accelerated filer ☒ Non-accelerated filer ☐ Smaller reporting company ☐ Emerging growth company ☐ If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act ☐ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal controls over financial reporting under section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☒ Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a shell company (as defined in rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ☐ No ☒ The aggregate market value of the common stock held by non-affiliates of the Registrant was $148,099,490 (based upon closing price on the Nasdaq Stock Market on August 31, 2021). The number of shares outstanding of each of the registrant's classes of common stock, as of May 12, 2022 was: Class Class A common stock $.01 par value Class B common stock $.01 par value Outstanding 21,675,966 2,260,954 DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE Part III - (Items 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14) Proxy Statement for Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be filed on or before June 7, 2022. VOXX INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION Index to Form 10-K Table of Contents PART I Item 1 Business Item 1A Risk Factors Item 1B Unresolved Staff Comments Item 2 Item 3 Item 4 Properties Legal Proceedings Mine Safety Disclosures PART II Item 5 Item 6 Item 7 Market for the Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters, and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities Reserved Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations Item 7A Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk Item 8 Item 9 Consolidated Financial Statements and Supplementary Data Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure Item 9A Controls and Procedures Item 9B Other Information Item 9C Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections PART III Item 10 Item 11 Item 12 Item 13 Item 14 Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance Executive Compensation Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence Principal Accountant Fees and Services Item 15 Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules SIGNATURES PART IV 1 2 12 24 24 25 25 26 27 28 50 51 51 51 54 54 54 54 54 54 54 54 112 CAUTIONARY STATEMENT RELATING TO THE SAFE HARBOR PROVISIONS OF THE PRIVATE SECURITIES LITIGATION REFORM ACT OF 1995 This Annual Report on Form 10-K, including "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" in Item 7, and the information incorporated by reference contains "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. We intend those forward-looking statements to be covered by the safe harbor provisions for forward-looking statements. All statements regarding our expected financial position and operating results, our business strategy, our financing plans, and the outcome of any contingencies are forward-looking statements. Any such forward-looking statements are based on current expectations, estimates, projections about our industry and our business, and the impact of the novel coronavirus (“COVID-19”) pandemic on our results of operations. Words such as "anticipates," "expects," "intends," "plans," "believes," "seeks," "estimates," "should," "would," or variations of those words and similar expressions are intended to identify such forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those stated in or implied by any forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from forward- looking statements include, but are not limited to, matters listed in Item 1A under "Risk Factors" of this Form 10-K. Many of the foregoing risks and uncertainties are, and will be, exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic and any worsening of the global business and economic environment as a result thereof. The Company assumes no obligation and does not intend to update these forward-looking statements. NOTE REGARDING DOLLAR AMOUNTS AND FISCAL YEAR In this Annual Report, all dollar amounts are expressed in thousands, except for share prices and per-share amounts. Unless specifically indicated otherwise, all amounts and percentages in our Form 10-K are exclusive of discontinued operations. The Company’s fiscal year ends on the last day of February. COVID-19 PANDEMIC The consolidated financial statements contained in this Annual Report, as well as the description of our business contained herein, unless otherwise indicated, principally reflect the status of our business and the results of our operations as of and for the year ended February 28, 2022. While COVID-19 did not have a significant adverse impact on demand for our products for the year ended February 28, 2022, we did experience pandemic-related pressures in the global supply network that caused logistical issues, including higher freight costs, supplier product delays, and inflation with respect to materials and labor costs, which impacted our results for the year ended February 28, 2022. As countries around the world continue to combat COVID-19, and as government-imposed regulations regarding, among other things, COVID-19 testing, travel restrictions, and vaccine mandates change, there is still a risk that the pandemic may impact the overall demand environment, as well as our ability to source product and materials to meet demand levels and maintain adequate inventory levels, as well as maintain staffing levels at our own facilities in order to fulfill our customer orders and contractual obligations. We will continue to closely monitor updates regarding the spread of COVID-19 and its variants, the distribution of vaccines, and any applicable local, state, and federal government-imposed restrictions, and we will adjust our operations accordingly. In light of the foregoing, we may take actions to alter our business operations or such actions that we determine are in the best interest of our employees, customers, suppliers, and shareholders. In reading this report on Form 10-K, consider the additional uncertainties caused by COVID-19. Item 1-Business VOXX International Corporation ("Voxx," "We," "Our," "Us," or the "Company") is a leading international manufacturer and distributor in the Automotive Electronics, Consumer Electronics, and Biometrics industries. The Company has widely diversified interests, with more than 30 global brands that it has acquired and grown throughout the years, achieving a powerful international corporate image, and creating a vehicle for each of these respective brands to emerge with its own identity. We conduct our business through nineteen wholly-owned subsidiaries: Audiovox Atlanta Corp., VOXX Electronics Corporation, VOXX Accessories Corp., VOXX German Holdings GmbH ("Voxx Germany"), Audiovox Canada Limited, Voxx Hong Kong Ltd., Audiovox International Corp., Audiovox Mexico, S. de R.L. de C.V. ("Voxx Mexico"), Code Systems, Inc., Oehlbach Kabel GmbH ("Oehlbach"), Schwaiger GmbH ("Schwaiger"), Invision Automotive Systems, Inc. ("Invision"), Premium Audio 2 Company LLC ("PAC," which includes Klipsch Group, Inc. and 11 Trading Company LLC), Omega Research and Development LLC ("Omega"), Voxx Automotive Corp., Audiovox Websales LLC, VSM-Rostra LLC (“VSM”), VOXX DEI LLC, and VOXX DEI Canada LLC (collectively, with VOXX DEI LLC, “DEI”), as well as majority owned subsidiaries, EyeLock LLC ("EyeLock") and Onkyo Technology KK (“Onkyo”). We market our products under the Audiovox® brand name and other brand names and licensed brands, such as 808®, Acoustic Research®, Advent®, Avital®, Car Link®, Chapman®, Clifford®, Code-Alarm®, Crimestopper™, Directed®, Discwasher®, Energy®, Heco®, Integra®, Invision®, Jamo®, Klipsch®, Mac Audio™, Magnat®, Mirage®, myris®, Oehlbach®, Omega®, Onkyo®, Pioneer®, Prestige®, Project Nursery®, Python®, RCA®, RCA Accessories, Rosen®, Rostra®, Schwaiger®, Smart Start®, Terk®, Vehicle Safety Automotive, Viper®, and Voxx Automotive as well as private labels through a large domestic and international distribution network. We also function as an OEM ("Original Equipment Manufacturer") supplier to several customers, as well as market a number of products under exclusive distribution agreements, such as SiriusXM satellite radio products. VOXX International Corporation was incorporated in Delaware on April 10, 1987 under its former name, Audiovox Corp., as successor to a business founded in 1960 by John J. Shalam, our Chairman and controlling stockholder. Our extensive distribution network and long-standing industry relationships have allowed us to benefit from growing market opportunities and emerging niches in the electronics business. The Company classifies its operations in the following three reportable segments: Automotive Electronics, Consumer Electronics, and Biometrics. The Automotive Electronics segment designs, manufactures, distributes, and markets rear-seat entertainment devices, automotive security products and devices, remote start systems, mobile multimedia devices, car-link smartphone telematics applications, driver distraction products, collision avoidance systems, location-based services, turn signal switches, automotive lighting products, obstacle sensing systems, cruise control systems, camera systems, USB ports, heated seats, and satellite radio products. The Consumer Electronics segment designs, manufactures, distributes and markets home theater systems, high- end loudspeakers, outdoor speakers, business music systems, cinema speakers, flat panel speakers, wireless and Bluetooth speakers, soundbars, wired and wireless headphones and earbuds, receivers, DLNA (Digital Living Network Alliance) compatible devices, remote controls, karaoke products, personal sound amplifiers, infant and nursery products, as well as A/V connectivity, portable/home charging, reception and digital consumer products. The Biometrics segment designs, markets and distributes iris identification and biometric security related products. See Note 13 to the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements for segment and geographic area information. We make available financial information, news releases and other information on our web site at www.voxxintl.com. There is a direct link from the web site to the Company’s Securities and Exchange Commission's ("SEC") filings, where our annual report on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and any amendments to these reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 are available free of charge as soon as reasonably practicable after we file such reports and amendments with, or furnish them to, the SEC. In addition, we have adopted a Code of Business Conduct and Ethics which is available free of charge upon request. Any such request should be directed to the attention of the Company's Human Resources Department, 180 Marcus Boulevard, Hauppauge, New York 11788, (631) 231-7750. The Company is monitoring the impacts COVID-19 has had, and continues to have, on its global supply chain, including the global chip shortage, and disruptions of product deliveries. The Company sources the majority of its merchandise outside the U.S. through arrangements with vendors primarily located in several Pacific Rim countries. The Company has been collaborating with its vendors to mitigate significant delays in delivery of product, as certain factories and ports have been required to close or limit capacity for periods of time during the pandemic due either to COVID-19 infection, or supply chain shortages. The Company entered this period of uncertainty with a healthy liquidity position and took immediate, aggressive, and prudent actions, including reevaluating all expenditures, to enhance the Company’s ability to meet the Company’s short-term liquidity needs in order to best position its business for its key stakeholders, including the Company’s employees, customers, and shareholders. The Company has utilized all of its supply chain financing arrangements to factor its accounts receivable balances, as necessary, which it had previously scaled back prior to the pandemic. The Company also renewed its credit facility with Wells Fargo in April 2021, and continues to partner with its vendors, landlords, and lenders to preserve liquidity and mitigate risk and has worked with its service providers to further reduce costs by negotiating lower rates. In addition, the Company has been actively monitoring and assessing the rapidly changing government policies and economic stimulus responses to COVID-19. 3 The Company has seen reductions in sales of certain products as a result of the effects of COVID-19. These reductions in revenue were not consistently offset by proportional decreases in expense, as the Company continues to incur overhead costs including depreciation expense, and certain other costs such as compensation and administrative expenses, resulting in a negative effect on the relationship between the Company’s costs and revenues. In addition, the Company could still experience other material impacts as a result of COVID-19, including, but not limited to, charges from potential adjustments of the carrying value of inventory, additional asset impairment charges, and deferred tax valuation allowances. Though the current circumstances are dynamic and the impacts of COVD-19 on the Company’s business operations, including the duration and impact on overall customer demand, cannot be reasonably estimated at this time, the Company anticipates COVID-19 may continue to have an impact on its business, results of operations, financial condition, and cash flows in Fiscal 2023. For further information about COVID-19, refer to “Item 1A. Risk Factors” and “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations," of this Form 10-K. Acquisitions and Dispositions The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in a widespread health crisis that has adversely affected the economies and financial markets worldwide, and potential target companies or potential buyers may defer or end discussions for a potential acquisition or disposition with us depending on whether or not COVID-19 affects their business operations. The extent to which COVID-19 impacts our search for a business combination or a potential buyer for a business disposition will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted, including new information which may emerge concerning the severity of COVID-19 and the actions to contain COVID-19 or treat its impact, among others. We may be unable to complete a business combination or a disposition if continued concerns relating to COVID-19 restrict travel, limit the ability to have meetings with potential investors, or if a target company’s personnel, vendors, and service providers are unavailable to negotiate and consummate a transaction in a timely manner. Our most recent acquisition and disposition transactions are discussed below: On September 8, 2021, PAC acquired the home audio/video business of Onkyo Home Entertainment Corporation (“OHEC”) with its partner, Sharp Corporation (“Sharp”), through a newly formed joint venture, Onkyo Technology KK (“Onkyo”) via an asset purchase agreement. The acquired assets included intangible assets. PAC owns 77.2% of the joint venture and has 85.1% voting interest and Sharp owns approximately 22.8% of the joint venture and has 14.9% voting interest. The total transaction consideration was $37,184, which included cash paid, assignment of notes and interest receivable, and the fair value of contingent consideration. The purpose of this acquisition was to expand the Company’s market share and product offerings within the premium audio industry. Details of the tangible and intangible assets acquired are outlined in Note 2 "Business Acquisitions" of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements. On July 1, 2020, Voxx acquired certain assets and assumed certain liabilities, comprising the aftermarket vehicle remote start and security systems and connected car solutions (telematics) businesses of Directed LLC and Directed Electronics Canada Inc. (collectively, with Directed LLC, “Directed”) via an asset purchase agreement. The acquired assets included inventory, accounts receivable, certain fixed assets, IT systems, and intellectual property. The cash purchase price was $11,000. The purpose of this acquisition was to expand the Company’s market share within the automotive electronics industry. Details of the tangible and intangible assets acquired are outlined in Note 2 "Business Acquisitions" of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements. On January 31, 2020, Voxx acquired certain assets and assumed certain liabilities of Vehicle Safety Holding Corp. (“VSHC”), a leading developer, manufacturer, and distributer of automotive safety electronics, for a cash purchase price of $16,500. The purpose of this acquisition was to increase the Company’s market share in the automotive industry, including trucks and sports vehicles, as well as strengthen its business and customer reach and add new product lines. Details of the tangible and intangible assets acquired are outlined in Note 2 "Business Acquisitions" of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements. 4 On April 18, 2017, Voxx acquired certain assets and assumed certain liabilities of Rosen Electronics LLC for cash consideration of $1,814. In addition, the Company agreed to pay a 2% fee related to future net sales of Rosen products for three years. The purpose of this acquisition was to increase the Company's market share and strengthen its intellectual property related to the rear seat entertainment market. On August 31, 2017 (the "Closing Date"), the Company completed its sale of Hirschmann Car Communication GmbH and its subsidiaries (collectively, “Hirschmann”) to a subsidiary of TE Connectivity Ltd ("TE"). The consideration received by the Company was €148,500. The purchase price, at the exchange rate as of the close of business on the Closing Date approximated $177,000. Strategy Our objective is to grow our business both organically and through strategic acquisitions. We anticipate we will drive the business organically by continued product development in new and emerging technologies that should increase gross margins and improve operating income. We are focused on expanding sales both domestically and internationally and broadening our customer and partner base as we bring new products to our target markets. In addition, we plan to continue to acquire synergistic companies that would allow us to leverage our overhead, penetrate new markets, and expand existing product categories. Notwithstanding the above, if the appropriate opportunity arises, the Company will explore the potential divestiture of a product line or business. Subject to our ongoing evaluation of the COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on our business (as further described elsewhere in this report), the key elements of our strategy are as follows: Continue to build and capitalize on the VOXX family of brands. We believe the "VOXX" portfolio of brands is one of our greatest strengths and offers us significant opportunity for increased market penetration. Today, VOXX International has over 30 global brands in its portfolio, which provides the Company with the ability to bring to market products under brands that consumers know to be quality. In addition, with such a wide brand portfolio, we can manage channels and sell into multiple outlets as well as leverage relationships with distributors, retailers, aftermarket car dealers and expeditors, and global OEMs. Finally, we are open to opportunities to license some of our brands as an additional use of the brands and as a growth strategy. Continue to maintain diversified, blue chip customer base. Voxx distributes products through a wide range of specialty and mass merchandise channels and has arrangements as a tier-1 and tier-2 auto OEM supplier. OEM products account for 10% of total net sales. Capitalize on niche product and distribution opportunities in our target markets. Throughout our history, we have used our extensive distribution and supply networks to capitalize on niche product and distribution opportunities in the automotive electronics, consumer electronics, and biometrics categories. We will continue that focus as we remain committed to innovation, developing products internally and through our outsourced technology and manufacturing partners to provide our customers with products that are in demand by consumers. Combine new, internal manufacturing capabilities with our proven outsourced manufacturing with industry partners. VOXX International employs an outsourced manufacturing strategy that enables the Company to deliver the latest technological advances without the fixed costs associated with manufacturing, and also has manufacturing capabilities to produce select product lines, such as rear-seat entertainment systems, security related products, and high-end speakers. This blend of internal and outsourced manufacturing enables the Company to drive innovation, control product quality and speed time-to-market. Use innovative technology generation capabilities to enable us to build a robust pipeline of new products. Voxx has invested significantly in R&D. The Company uses a mix of internal and external R&D, internal and external manufacturing, and has a number of valuable trademarks, copyrights, patents, domain names and other intellectual property. Through Voxx's focus on R&D, the Company has built a pipeline of new products across all three of its segments. Leverage our domestic and international distribution network. VOXX International Corporation has a highly expansive distribution network. This network, which includes OEM's, car dealers, automotive manufacturers, various types of retailers and chain stores, mass merchandisers, distributors, e- commerce platforms, system integrators, communication network providers, smart grid manufacturers, banks, cinema operators, healthcare equipment manufacturers, and the U.S. military, should allow us to increase our market penetration. We intend to 5 capitalize on new and existing distribution outlets to further grow our business across our three operating segments, both domestically and abroad. Grow our international presence. We have an international presence through our local subsidiaries in Europe, as well as operations in Canada, Australia, and China. We also continue to export from our domestic operations in the United States. Our strategy remains to diversify our geographic exposure, while expanding our product offerings and distribution touch points across the world. Pursue strategic and complementary acquisitions. We continue to monitor economic and industry conditions in order to evaluate potential strategic and synergistic business acquisitions that are expected to allow us to leverage overhead, penetrate new markets and expand our existing business distribution. Over the past several years, the Company has employed an M&A strategy to build its brand portfolio and enhance its product offerings in higher margin product categories, while at the same time exiting lower margin and commoditized product lines, resulting in improved bottom-line performance. The Company is focused on continuing to grow organically, but may pursue opportunistic acquisitions to augment our Automotive Electronic (primarily with OEM accounts), Consumer Electronic, and Biometric segments. Maintain disciplined acquisition criteria. Virtually all of our acquisitions have been made to strengthen our product offerings, customer reach, and growth potential across our operating business segments. Our strategy remains to acquire complimentary businesses, products and/or assets in our Automotive Electronic, Consumer Electronic, and Biometric operating segments. Additionally, acquisitions should have a gross margin structure equal to or higher than our consolidated gross margins, and we will continue to look for acquisitions where we can leverage our corporate overhead and resources. Furthermore, it is important that management remains with Voxx as part of the acquisition, as their legacy expertise and knowledge of both the inner workings of their respective companies and the end-markets they serve are paramount to successfully running operations and achieving growth. We also pursue acquisitions that will be accretive for the Company and its shareholders in the first year such acquisitions are made. Rapidly integrate acquired businesses. One of the more compelling factors as to why acquired businesses choose VOXX International Corporation is that we are perceived as both a financial and strategic partner. We are operators, and companies view their association with us as a positive for the future of their businesses in that we can provide resources and support that others in our sector, or in the Private Equity community, cannot. Our strategy upon acquisition, and in the years that follow, is to leverage our corporate strengths and integrate acquisitions into our operations. We provide accounting, MIS, warehouse, and logistics support, as well as a host of value-added services that enable acquired companies to lower their cost basis and improve profitability. In recent years, we have consolidated facilities in our German operations and in Indiana, where we brought our RCA® and Klipsch operating groups together. We have also fully integrated our Rosen, VSM, and DEI acquisitions into our Florida operations. Improve bottom-line performance and generate sustainable shareholder returns. The Company has instituted an aggressive strategy in recent years to shift its product mix to higher-margin product categories, while controlling costs and strategically investing in its infrastructure. Additionally, during Fiscal 2019, the Company began a comprehensive SKU rationalization program to discontinue certain product lines and streamline the Company’s consumer electronic product lines to focus on offerings with longer life cycles, more sustainable gross margins, and better growth potential. The Company remains focused on growing its business organically, continuing to enhance its gross profit margins and leveraging its fixed overhead structure to generate sustainable returns for its stockholders. Industry We participate in select product categories in the automotive, consumer, and biometric markets within the electronics industry. These markets are large and diverse, encompass a broad range of products and offer the ability to specialize in niche product groups. The introduction of new products and technological advancements are the major growth drivers in these markets. Based on this, we continue to introduce new products across all segments, with an increased focus on niche product offerings. 6 Products The Company currently reports sales data for the following three operating segments: Automotive Electronic products include: ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ mobile multi-media infotainment products, including overhead, seat-back, and headrest systems, automotive security, vehicle access, and remote start systems, satellite radios, including plug and play models and direct connect models, smart phone telematics applications, mobile interface modules, automotive power accessories, rear observation and collision avoidance systems, driver distraction products, power lift gates, turn signal switches, automotive lighting products, automotive sensing and camera systems, USB ports, cruise control systems, and heated seats. Consumer Electronic products include: ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ premium loudspeakers, architectural speakers, commercial speakers, outdoor speakers, wireless and Bluetooth speakers, receivers, home theater systems, business music systems, streaming music systems, on-ear and in-ear headphones, wired and wireless headphones and ear buds, Bluetooth headphones and ear buds, soundbars, DLNA (Digital Living Network Alliance) compatible devices, High-Definition Television ("HDTV") antennas, Wireless Fidelity ("WiFi") antennas, High-Definition Multimedia Interface ("HDMI") accessories, karaoke products, infant/nursery products, home electronic accessories such as cabling, power cords, and other connectivity products, performance enhancing electronics, TV universal remotes, flat panel TV mounting systems, power supply systems and charging products, electronic equipment cleaning products, personal sound amplifiers, set-top boxes, and home and portable stereos. Biometric products include: ▪ ▪ iris identification products, and biometric security related products. 7 We believe our segments have expanding market opportunities with certain levels of volatility related to domestic and international markets, new car sales, increased competition by manufacturers, private labels, technological advancements, discretionary consumer spending and general economic conditions. Further, all of our products are subject to price fluctuations, which could affect the carrying value of inventories and gross margins in the future. Within the industry our Biometrics segment operates in, technology is developing rapidly. The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a greater interest for safe and touchless biometric systems. Widely used face readers are now being rendered ineffective by the use of facemasks and other protective facial gear, and fingerprint and palm reader secure access devices are now seen as infectious public surfaces. Iris biometric algorithms read the unique texture in the colored part of the eye, creating a unique identification for access, similar to that of a fingerprint or the geometric pattern of a face. This iris-based key, however, has the benefit of not only being touchless, but is also not hindered by the obstacles encountered by face recognition devices, such as facemasks or other devices that hide facial features. Iris biometrics can operate successfully without touching or mask removal, even through protective gear such as hazmat suits, if a person’s eyes are visible. Net sales by segment, gross profit and total assets are as follows (Refer to Item 7 and Note 13 to the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information): Automotive Electronics Consumer Electronics Biometrics Corporate/Eliminations Total net sales Gross profit Gross margin percentage Total assets Fiscal 2022 Fiscal 2021 Fiscal 2020 200,594 433,925 882 519 635,920 $ $ 163,903 398,263 836 603 563,605 $ $ 114,154 279,675 461 599 394,889 169,478 $ 26.7% 158,547 $ 28.1% 109,776 27.8% 586,357 $ 550,818 $ 441,571 $ $ $ $ Patents, Trademarks/Tradenames, Licensing and Royalties The Company regards its trademarks, copyrights, patents, domain names, and similar intellectual property as important to its operations. It relies on trademark, copyright and patent law, domain name regulations, and confidentiality or license agreements to protect its proprietary rights. The Company has registered, or applied for the registration of, a number of patents, trademarks, domain names and copyrights with U.S. and foreign governmental authorities. Additionally, the Company has filed U.S. and international patent applications covering certain of its proprietary technology. The Company renews its registrations, which vary in duration, as it deems appropriate from time to time. 8 The Company has licensed in the past, and expects that it may license in the future, certain of its proprietary rights to third parties. Some of the Company's products are designed to include intellectual property licensed, or otherwise obtained from third parties. While it may be necessary in the future to seek or renew licenses relating to various aspects of the Company's products, the Company believes, based upon past experience and industry practice, such licenses generally could be obtained on commercially reasonable terms; however, there is no guarantee such licenses could be obtained at all. We intend to operate in a way that does not result in willful infringement of the patents, trade secrets and other intellectual property rights of other parties. Nevertheless, there can be no assurance that a claim of infringement will not be asserted against us or that any such assertion will not result in a judgment or order requiring us to obtain a license in order to make, use, or sell our products. License and royalty programs offered to our manufacturers, customers and other electronic suppliers are structured using a fixed amount per unit or a percentage of net sales, depending on the terms of the agreement. Current license and royalty agreements have duration periods which range from 1 to 17 years or continue in perpetuity. Certain agreements may be renewed at termination of the agreement. The Company's license and royalty income is recorded upon sale and amounted to $1,716, $1,285 and $1,224 for the years ended February 28, 2022, February 28, 2021 and February 29, 2020, respectively. Distribution and Marketing We sell our products to: • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • automotive and vehicle manufacturers, OEM Tier 1, Tier 2, and secondary OEM manufacturers, mass merchants, regional chain stores, distributors, e-commerce platforms, premium department stores, lifestyle retailers, specialty and internet retailers, retail solutions manufacturers, power retailers, independent 12-volt retailers, new car dealers, healthcare equipment manufacturers, system integrators, communication network providers, smart grid manufacturers, banks, the U.S. military, cinema operators, sporting goods equipment retailers, and cell phone carriers. Our business is diversified within our segments across end-markets, customers, and products. We sell our automotive electronic products to both OEM and aftermarket customers. We sell our products under OEM arrangements with domestic and/or international subsidiaries of automobile manufacturers such as Ford, Stellantis, General Motors, Toyota, Kia, Mazda, Subaru, Nissan, Mack Truck, Polaris, Bendix Commercial, Daimler Trucks North America, Textron Finance Shared Service, Wesco Distribution, ZF North America Autocar, Dieter’s Metal Fabricating, Grote Industries, International Truck (PDC), P.A.I. Products and Ryco Motorsport. These arrangements require a close partnership with the customer as we develop products to meet specific requirements. OEM products accounted for approximately 10% of net sales for the year ended February 28, 2022, 8% for the year ended February 28, 2021, and 13% for the year ended February 29, 2020. Our consumer electronic and biometric products are sold through both retail and commercial channels. Our five largest customers represented 21% of net sales for the year ended February 28, 2022, 30% for the year ended February 28, 2021, and 24% for the year ended February 29, 2020. No one customer accounted for more than 10% of the Company's net sales for the years ended February 28, 2022 or February 29, 2020. One customer in the Company’s Consumer Electronics segment accounted for 12% of the Company’s consolidated net sales during the year ended February 28, 2021. Geographically, approximately 79.6% of our revenues were derived from our domestic operations within the United States, while approximately 15.3% was derived from our operations in Europe, and less than 5.1% was derived from other regions. 9 We have flexible shipping policies designed to meet customer needs. In the absence of specific customer instructions, we generally ship products within 24 to 48 hours from the receipt of an order from public warehouses, as well as owned and leased facilities throughout the United States, Canada, China, Hong Kong, the Netherlands, and Germany. The Company also employs a direct ship model from our suppliers for select customers upon their request. Product Development, Warranty and Customer Service Our product development cycle includes: • • • identifying consumer trends and potential demand, responding to those trends through product design and feature integration, which includes software design, electrical engineering, industrial design, and pre-production testing. In the case of OEM customers, the product development cycle may also include product validation to customer quality standards, and evaluating and testing new products in our own facilities to ensure compliance with our design specifications and standards. Utilizing our company-owned and third-party facilities in North America, Europe, and Asia, we work closely with our suppliers throughout the product design, testing and development process in an effort to meet the expectations of consumer demand for technologically advanced and high-quality products. Our Auburn Hills, Michigan and Orlando, Florida facilities are both IATF 16949:2016 certified, and our Orlando, Florida facility is ISO 14001:2015 and ISO 9001:2008 certified, all of which require the monitoring of quality standards in all facets of business. The Orlando, Florida facility is also Ford Q1 certified, which is a certification awarded to Ford suppliers who demonstrate excellence beyond the ISO certifications in certain critical areas. We provide product warranties for all our product lines, which primarily range from 30 days to three years. The Company also provides limited lifetime warranties for certain products, which limit the end-user's remedy to the repair or replacement of the defective product during its lifetime, as well as warranties for certain vehicle security products for the life of the vehicle for the original owner. To support our warranties, we have independent warranty centers in the United States and Europe. Our customer service group, along with our Company websites, provide product information, answer questions, and serve as a technical hotline for installation help for end-users and customers. Suppliers We work directly with our suppliers on industrial design, feature sets, product development, and testing in order to ensure that our products and component parts meet our design specifications. We purchase our products and component parts from manufacturers principally located in several Pacific Rim countries, including China, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam, South Korea, Taiwan, and Singapore, as well as the United States, Canada, Mexico, and Europe. In selecting our manufacturers, we consider quality, price, service, reputation, financial stability, as well as labor practices, disruptions, or shortages. In order to provide coordination and supervision of supplier performance, such as price negotiations, delivery, and quality control, we maintain buying and inspection offices in China and Hong Kong. We consider relations with our suppliers to be good and alternative sources of supply are generally available within 180 days. We have few long-term contracts with our suppliers, and we generally purchase our products under short-term purchase orders. Although we believe that alternative sources of supply are currently available, an unplanned shift to a new supplier could result in product delays and increased cost, which may have a material impact on our operations. 10 Competition The electronics industry is highly competitive across all product categories, and we compete with a number of well-established companies that manufacture and sell similar products. Brand name, design, advancement of technology and features, as well as price, are the major competitive factors within the electronics industry. Our Automotive Electronic products compete against factory-supplied products, including those provided by, among others, General Motors, Ford, and Stallantis and large Tier 1's, such as Denso, Panasonic, LG, Continental, Lear, and Bosch. Our Consumer Electronic products compete against major companies such as Polk, Definitive, Bose, Sonos, Sonance, Bowers and Wilkins, Sony, Phillips, Emerson Radio, GE, Belkin, and Private Label Brands. Competitors for our Biometrics products include companies such as IRIS ID, 3M, Suprema, Iritech, Inc., IrisGuard, Crossmatch, NEC, Gemalto, Vision-Box, IDEMIA, BioID, GoVerifyID, BioConnect, and Princeton Identity. Financial Information about Foreign and Domestic Operations The amounts of net sales and long-lived assets attributable to foreign and domestic operations for all periods presented are set forth in Note 13 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, included herein. Equity Investment We have a 50% non-controlling ownership interest in ASA Electronics, LLC ("ASA") which acts as a distributor of mobile electronics specifically designed for niche markets within the automotive industry, including: RV's; buses; and commercial, heavy duty, agricultural, construction, powersport, and marine vehicles. Human Capital VOXX International Corporation believes the Company’s greatest asset is its employees. The Company’s emphasis on the health and safety of its employees is an important factor in maintaining its experienced workforce and attracting new talent. As of February 28, 2022, the Company employed 1,082 people, of which 692 were U.S. based and 390 were internationally based. 44 of our U.S. based employees were covered under collective bargaining agreements. We consider our relations with employees to be good as of February 28, 2022. The Company’s U.S. based full-time employees are all eligible to participate in the Company’s health and welfare plans, including health, vision, dental, life, short-term disability insurance plans, long-term disability insurance plans, flexible spending plans and/or health saving plans, pet insurance, critical care plans and identity theft protection plans. Many of these plans are fully paid for by the Company, while others are cost shared between the Company and the employees or are employee-paid at a discounted rate. To encourage our employees to save for the future and their retirement, the Company offers employees a 401(k) retirement plan which has options for traditional pre-tax deferrals, as well as Roth options. The 401(k) plan also includes a discretional Company match which encourages employees to participate and enhances the Company’s commitment to its employees and their families. Internationally based employees also receive health, welfare, and retirement plans that are statutory-based, and in some instances, employees may choose to participate in plans that supplement the statutory benefits and are funded by the employee. To further encourage employees to prioritize their health, the Company sponsors events and benefits such as on-site flu vaccinations, health fairs, mobile preventative screenings, on-site fitness centers at certain Company locations, gym membership reimbursements, weight loss programs, and periodic health and fitness competitions, which are often aligned with fundraising campaigns. The Company encourages all employees to give back to their communities and make a social impact through activities such as hosting on-site blood donation drives, donation drives for causes including cancer and autism, local holiday toy and giving drives, as well as food drives. The Company also participates in matching gift programs for certain charities. Additionally, we provide service awards to employees, which show appreciation and recognition to longstanding employees for certain service milestones. Early in the COVID-19 pandemic, certain of the Company’s customers delayed or cancelled orders due to both uncertainty in the economy and health concerns. During this time, the Company attempted to keep as many of its employees working as possible by shifting work responsibilities when possible; however, due to the impacts of the pandemic, approximately 20% of our employees worldwide were furloughed in April 2020. The Company also worked closely to accommodate employees’ requests to use the Families First Coronavirus Relief Act and the Family Medical Leave Act. As of February 28, 2022, none of our employees remain on furlough. 11 In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, we implemented significant changes that we determined were in the best interest of our employees, as well as the communities in which we operate, and which comply with government regulations. This includes providing our office, support, and non-production staff the ability to work remotely from their homes. For our production staff, or for office and support staff who were unable to work remotely, we implemented several safety measures, including daily temperature checks, mandatory health questionnaire completion, social distancing, plexi-glass partitions between workstations, staggered lunch and break times, hand sanitizing stations throughout all buildings, mask/face coverings, and replaced air filters in all buildings to be complaint with COVID-19 standards. Item 1A-Risk Factors We have identified certain risk factors that apply to us. Each of the following risk factors should be carefully considered, as well as all of the other information included or incorporated by reference in this Form 10-K. If any of these risks, or other risks not presently known to us or that we currently believe not to be significant, develop into actual events, then our business, financial condition, liquidity, or results of operations could be adversely affected. If that happens, the market price of our common stock would likely decline, and you may lose all or part of your investment. Many of the foregoing risks and uncertainties are, and will continue to be, exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic and any worsening of the global business and economic environment as a result. Economic, Strategic and Market Risks Major public health issues, and specifically, the pandemic caused by the spread of COVID-19, could have an adverse impact on our financial condition and results of operations and other aspects of our business. The global spread of COVID-19 has created significant macroeconomic uncertainty, volatility, and disruption. In response, many governments have implemented policies intended to stop or slow the further spread of the disease and its variants, such as lockdowns, shelter-in-place, or restricted movement guidelines, and these measures may remain in place for an extended period of time. These policies have resulted in lower consumer and commercial activity across many markets in many geographic areas. Further, a global economic downturn, including increased unemployment, that may result from lower consumer and commercial activity may decrease demand for our products. The COVID-19 pandemic has adversely impacted the global supply chain, resulting in a global chip shortage, as well as other restrictions and limitations on related activities that have caused significant disruption and delay. These disruptions and delays have strained both domestic and international supply chains, which have affected and could continue to adversely affect the flow or availability of certain products. As a result, the Company has experienced and could continue to experience disruptions and higher costs in supply chain, logistical operations, and manufacturing, as well as shortages of certain products in our distribution channels. The spread of COVID-19 has also caused us to modify our business practices (including limiting employee travel, and cancellation of physical participation in meetings and events), and we may continue to take actions as may be required by government authorities or that we determine are in the best interests of our employees, customers, and business partners. There is no certainty that such measures will be sufficient to mitigate the risks posed by the virus or otherwise be satisfactory to government authorities. The extent to which the COVID-19 outbreak impacts our business, financial condition, results of operation or cash flows will depend on continuously evolving factors and future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted, including, but not limited to, the ultimate duration and scope of the pandemic; the severity of the virus, including the emergence of new variants, some of which may be more transmissible than the initial strain, the impact of the COVID-19 vaccines, including their effectiveness against the virus and the evolving strains; the actions taken by governments to contain the virus or treat its impact, and how quickly and to what extent normal economic and operating conditions can resume. Even after the COVID-19 outbreak has subsided, we may continue to experience materially adverse impacts to our business as a result of its global economic impact, including any recession, economic downturn, or increased unemployment that has occurred or may occur in the future. One or more of our customers, distribution partners, service providers or suppliers may also experience financial distress, file for bankruptcy protection, go out of business, or suffer disruptions in their business due to the COVID-19 outbreak, and as a result, our operating revenues may be impacted. The Company could also experience other 12 material impacts, including, but not limited to, charges from potential adjustments to the carrying value of inventory, asset impairment charges, and deferred tax valuation charges. There are no comparable recent events which may provide guidance as to the effect of the spread of COVID-19 and a global pandemic, and, as a result, the ultimate impact of this outbreak, or a similar health epidemic, is highly uncertain and subject to change, and may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows. Our businesses are highly competitive and face significant competition from Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) and direct imports by our retail and commercial customers. The markets for automotive electronics, consumer electronics, and biometric products are highly competitive across all product lines. We compete against many well-established companies, some of whom have substantially greater financial and engineering resources than we do. We compete directly with OEMs, including divisions of well-known automobile manufacturers, in the auto security, mobile video, and accessories markets. We believe that OEMs have diversified and improved their product offerings and placed increased sales pressure on new car dealers with whom they have close business relationships to purchase OEM-supplied equipment and accessories. To the extent that OEMs succeed in their efforts, this success would have a material adverse effect on our sales of automotive entertainment and security products to new car dealers. In addition, we compete with major retailers and commercial distributors within the consumer electronic and biometric industries who may at any time choose to direct import products that we may currently supply. A severe or prolonged economic downturn could adversely affect our customers’ financial conditions, their levels of business activity, and their ability to pay trade obligations. The Company sells its products primarily to OEM’s, retailers, and to domestic and foreign distributors. The Company generally requires no collateral from its customers or cash payments in advance and credit is generally granted on a short-term basis. However, a severe or prolonged downturn in the general economy could adversely affect the retail market, which in turn would adversely impact the liquidity and cash flows of the Company’s customers, including the ability of such customers to obtain credit to finance purchases of the Company’s products and to pay their trade obligations. This could result in increased delinquent or uncollectible accounts for some of the Company’s customers. A failure by the Company’s customers to pay a significant portion of outstanding accounts receivable balances on a timely basis would adversely impact the Company’s business, sales, financial condition, and results of operations. We provide estimates for uncollectible accounts based primarily on our judgment using historical losses, current economic conditions, and individual evaluations of each customer as evidence supporting the collectability of the receivables’ valuations stated on our financial statements. However, our receivables valuation estimates may not be accurate and receivables due from customers reflected in our financial statements may not be collectible. Sales in our businesses are dependent on new products, product development and consumer acceptance. Our businesses depend, to a large extent, on the introduction and availability of innovative products and technologies. If we are not able to continually introduce new products that achieve consumer acceptance, our sales and profit margins may decline. The impact of technological advancements may cause price erosion and adversely impact our profitability and inventory value. Since we do not manufacture all of our products and do not conduct all of our own research and development, we cannot assure that we will be able to source technologically advanced products in order to remain competitive. Furthermore, the introduction or expected introduction of new products or technologies may depress sales of existing products and technologies. This may result in declining prices and inventory obsolescence. Since we maintain a substantial investment in product inventory, declining prices and inventory obsolescence could have a material adverse effect on our business and financial results. 13 Our estimates of excess and obsolete inventory may prove to be inaccurate, in which case the provision required for excess and obsolete inventory may be understated or overstated. Although we make every effort to ensure the accuracy of our forecasts of future product demand, any significant unanticipated changes in demand or technological developments could have a significant impact on the value of our inventory and operating results. We purchase a significant amount of our products from suppliers in Pacific Rim countries and we are subject to the economic risks associated with inherent changes in the social, political, regulatory, and economic conditions not only in these countries, but also in other countries we do business in, including our own. We import most of our products from suppliers in the Pacific Rim. Countries in the Pacific Rim have, in the past, experienced significant social, political, geographic, and economic upheaval. Due to the large concentrations of our purchases in Pacific Rim countries, particularly China, Hong Kong, South Korea, Vietnam, Malaysia, and Taiwan, any adverse changes in the social, political, regulatory, or economic conditions in these countries may materially increase the cost of the products that we buy from our foreign suppliers or delay shipments of products, which could have a material adverse effect on our business. In addition, our dependence on foreign suppliers forces us to order products further in advance than we would if our products were manufactured domestically. This increases the risk that our products will become obsolete or face selling price reductions before we can sell our inventory. Our business, and that of our suppliers in these countries and elsewhere, are subject to the impact of natural catastrophic events such as earthquakes, floods or power outages, political crises such as terrorism or war, and public health crises, such as disease outbreaks, epidemics, or pandemics in the U.S. and global economies. Currently, the spread of COVID-19 globally has resulted in travel restrictions and disruption and shutdown of businesses. Our business relies on raw materials, components, and finished goods provided by our suppliers. If additional quarantining measures cause delays along our supply chain, we will likely experience a slow-down in our business as a result. Additionally, in February 2022, Russia launched a large-scale military attack on Ukraine. The invasion significantly amplified already existing geopolitical tensions among Russia, Ukraine, Europe, NATO and the West, including the United States. It is not possible to predict the full extent of the broader consequences of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, which could include sanctions, embargoes, regional instability, geopolitical shifts and adverse effects on macroeconomic conditions, currency exchange rates, and financial markets. Our business, financial condition and results of operations may be materially adversely affected by any negative impact on the global economy and capital markets resulting from such conflict. Changes in U.S. or foreign government administrative policies, including changes to existing trade agreements, could have a material adverse effect on us. As a result of changes to U.S. or foreign government administrative policy, there may be changes to existing trade agreements, such as the United States - Mexico - Canada Agreement (“USMCA”) that became effective on July 1, 2020 and replaced the North American Free Trade Agreement ("NAFTA"). Compared to the previous NAFTA trade agreement, USMCA increases environmental and labor regulations and will create incentives for more U.S. production of cars and trucks and impose a quota for Canadian and Mexico automotive production. Although we have determined that there have been no current immediate effects on our operations with respect to USMCA, we cannot predict future developments in the political climate involving the United States, Mexico, and Canada and thus these may have an adverse and material impact on our operations and financial growth. In addition, tariffs and potential future increases in tariffs on goods we import from China could adversely affect our business. Since 2018, the U.S. has imposed tariffs on certain foreign goods imported from China and certain other countries and has levied sanctions and export controls on China and certain other countries. Such actions have, in many cases, led to retaliatory trade measures by China and other foreign governments. It is unclear as to whether or not the U.S. government will take further tariff action or grant relief to actions already put in place. Inability to pass through price increases related to these tariffs could have an adverse effect on our results of operations and cash flows. Similarly, increases in pricing may have an adverse impact on the competitiveness of the Company’s products relative to other manufacturers with less exposure to the tariff and could also lead to adverse impacts on our results of operations and cash flows. 14 A commercial market for biometrics technology is still developing. There can be no assurance our iris-based identity authentication technology will be successful or achieve market acceptance. A component of our strategy to grow revenue includes expansion of our iris-based identity authentication solutions into commercial markets. To date, biometrics technology has received only limited acceptance in such markets. Although the recent appearance of biometric readers on popular consumer products, such as smartphones, has increased interest in biometrics as a means of authenticating and/or identifying individuals, commercial markets for biometrics technology are still developing and evolving. Biometrics-based solutions compete with more traditional security methods including keys, cards, personal identification numbers and security personnel. Acceptance of biometrics as an alternative to such traditional methods depends upon a number of factors, including: • • • • • • • • the cost, performance and reliability of our products and services and the products and services offered by our competitors; the continued growth in demand for biometrics solutions within the government and law enforcement markets as well as the development and growth of demand for biometric solutions in markets outside of government and law enforcement; customers’ perceptions regarding the benefits of biometrics solutions; public perceptions regarding the intrusiveness of these solutions and the manner in which organizations use the biometric information collected; public perceptions regarding the confidentiality of private information; proposed or enacted legislation related to privacy of information; customers’ satisfaction with biometrics solutions; and marketing efforts and publicity regarding biometrics solutions. We face intense competition from other biometrics solutions providers. A significant number of established companies have developed or are developing and marketing software and hardware for biometrics products and applications, including facial recognition, fingerprint biometrics, and other iris authentication competitors that currently compete with, or will compete directly with, our iris-based identity authentication solutions. We believe that additional competitors will enter the biometrics market and become significant long-term competitors, and that as a result, competition will increase. Companies competing with us may introduce solutions that are competitively priced, have increased performance or functionality or incorporate technological advances we have not yet developed or implemented. We depend on a small number of key customers for a large percentage of our sales. The electronics industry is characterized by a number of key customers. Specifically, 21% of our sales were to five customers in Fiscal 2022, 30% in Fiscal 2021, and 24% in Fiscal 2020. The loss of one or more of these customers could have a material adverse impact on our business. The international marketing and distribution of our products subjects us to risks associated with international operations, including exposure to foreign currency fluctuations. As part of our business strategy, we intend to continue to increase our sales, including our international sales, although we cannot assure you that we will be able to do so. Approximately 20.4% of our net sales currently originate in markets outside the U.S. While geographic diversity helps to reduce the Company's exposure to risk in any one country or part of the world, it also means that we are subject to the full range of risks associated with international operations, including, but not limited to: • • • • changes in exchange rates for foreign countries, which may reduce the U.S. dollar value of revenues, profits, and cash flows we receive from non-U.S. markets or increase our supply costs, as measured in U.S. dollars, in those markets; exchange controls and other limits on our ability to import raw materials or finished product or to repatriate earnings from overseas; political and economic instability, social or labor unrest or changing macroeconomic conditions in our markets; foreign ownership restrictions and the potential for nationalization or expropriation of property or other resources; and 15 • other foreign or domestic legal and regulatory requirements, including those resulting in potentially adverse tax consequences or other imposition of onerous trade restrictions, price controls or other government controls. These risks could have a significant impact on our ability to sell our products on a competitive basis in international markets and may have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, cash flows and financial condition. In an effort to reduce the impact on earnings of foreign currency rate movements, we engage in a combination of cost-containment measures and selective hedging of foreign currency transactions. However, these measures may not succeed in offsetting any negative impact of foreign currency rate movements on our business and results of operations. For example, since 2010, Venezuela has been designated as hyperinflationary and the resulting currency devaluations in Venezuela in that initial year affected our business and results of operations. The government of Venezuela has also devalued its currency several times since 2013, which, as discussed in the next section, has also affected our business and results of operations. Substantial political and economic uncertainty in Venezuela puts our local assets at risk. We have a subsidiary in Venezuela, whose operations have been suspended due to the economic and political climate in that country. We hold fixed assets at this subsidiary and have incurred impairments related to our long-lived assets in Venezuela in the past. The net book value of these assets was $0 as of February 28, 2022 and February 28, 2021. The Company intends to continue to hold these assets with the hope of recovering value from them in the future; however, if conditions continue to deteriorate, we may be at risk of government confiscation of these assets. Conditions in the global economy, the geographic markets we serve, and the financial markets may adversely affect us. The current global financial market situation, as well as various social and political circumstances in the U.S. and around the world, including wars and other forms of conflict, terrorist acts, security operations and catastrophic events such as fires, floods, earthquakes, tornadoes, hurricanes and global health epidemics (including COVID-19 currently affecting the global community), may contribute to increased market volatility and economic uncertainties or deterioration in the U.S. and worldwide. Deterioration in the economic conditions in the Eurozone and globally, including instability in financial markets, may pose a risk to our business. In recent years, financial markets have been affected at times by a number of global macroeconomic and political events, including the following: large sovereign debts and fiscal deficits of several countries in Europe and in emerging market jurisdictions, high levels of non-performing loans on the balance sheets of European banks, the effect of the United Kingdom exiting the European Union in 2020, the potential effect of any other European country leaving the Eurozone, market volatility and loss of investor confidence driven by political events, and the global spread of COVID-19. Market and economic disruptions have affected, and may in the future affect, consumer confidence levels and spending, personal bankruptcy rates, levels of incurrence and default on consumer debt, and home prices, among other factors. We cannot assure you that market disruptions in Europe, including the increased cost of funding for certain governments and financial institutions, will not impact the global economy, and we cannot assure you that assistance packages will be available, or if available, be sufficient to stabilize countries and markets in Europe or elsewhere affected by a financial crisis. To the extent uncertainty regarding any economic recovery in Europe negatively impacts consumer confidence and consumer credit factors, our business, financial condition, and results of operations could be significantly and adversely affected. Furthermore, there is a rising threat of a Chinese financial crisis resulting from massive personal and corporate indebtedness and “trade wars.” The International Monetary Fund has warned that continuing trade tensions, including significant tariff increases between the United States and China could derail recovery from the impacts of COVID-19. We cannot assure you that the Chinese economy will not experience a significant contraction in the future. Changes in the retail industry could have a material adverse effect on our business or financial condition. In recent years, the retail industry has experienced consolidation, store closures, bankruptcies, and other ownership changes. In the future, retailers in the United States and in foreign markets may further consolidate, undergo 16 restructurings or reorganizations, or realign their affiliations, any of which could decrease the number of stores that carry our products. Changing shopping patterns, including the rapid expansion of online retail shopping, have adversely affected customer traffic in mall and outlet centers. We expect competition in the e-commerce market will continue to intensify. As a greater portion of consumer expenditures with retailers occurs online and through mobile commerce applications, our brick-and-mortar wholesale customers who fail to successfully integrate their physical retail stores and digital retail may experience financial difficulties, including store closures, bankruptcies, or liquidations. We cannot control the success of individual malls, and an increase in store closures by other retailers may lead to store vacancies and reduced foot traffic. A continuation or worsening of these trends could have a material adverse effect on our sales, results of operations, financial condition, and cash flows. We invest, from time to time, in marketable securities and other investments as part of our investing activities. These investments fluctuate in value based on economic, operational, competitive, political, and technological factors. These investments could be subject to loss or impairment based on their performance. The Company has incurred other-than-temporary impairments on its investments in the past, and continues to monitor investments in non-controlled corporations, as applicable, for potential future impairments. In addition, there is no guarantee that the fair values recorded for other investments will be sustained in the future. From time to time, we provide funding to certain entities in the form of loans. Based on the performance of these entities, these loans may become partially or entirely uncollectible. The Company has, from time to time, provided funding to certain entities that it owns and controls, or does not own or control, in the form of collateralized loans. Should the borrowers default on the loans and should the collateral be insufficient to satisfy the total outstanding balance owed to Voxx, we may not be able to recover 100% of these loan balances. We had loans outstanding, including principal and interest of $79,489, from our majority owned subsidiary, EyeLock LLC, at February 28, 2022. We must comply with restrictive covenants in our debt agreements. Our existing debt agreements contain certain covenants that limit our ability to, among other things, borrow additional money, pay dividends, dispose of assets, and acquire new businesses. These covenants also require us to maintain a specified fixed charge coverage ratio. If the Company is unable to comply with these covenants, there would be a default under these debt agreements. Changes in economic or business conditions, results of operations, or other factors could cause the Company to default under its debt agreements. A default, if not waived by our lenders, could result in acceleration of our debt and possible bankruptcy, should we have debt outstanding. We have recorded, and may record in the future, goodwill, and other intangible assets as a result of acquisitions, and changes in future business conditions could cause these investments to become impaired, requiring substantial write-downs that would reduce our operating income. We evaluate the recoverability of recorded goodwill and other intangible asset amounts annually, or when evidence of potential impairment exists. The annual impairment test is based on several factors requiring judgment. We have experienced significant impairment charges in past years (see Note 1(k)). Additional future impairment may result from, among other things, deterioration in the performance of our business or product lines, adverse market conditions and changes in the competitive landscape, and a variety of other circumstances. The amount of any impairment is recorded as a charge to our statement of operations. We may never realize the full value of our goodwill and intangible assets, and any determination requiring the write-off of a significant portion of these assets may have an adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations. If our sales during the holiday season fall below our expectations, our annual results could also fall below expectations. Seasonal consumer shopping patterns significantly affect our business. We generally make a substantial amount of our sales and net income during September, October, and November. We expect this trend to continue. December is also a key month for us, due largely to the increase in promotional activities by our customers during the holiday season. If the economy faltered in these periods, if our customers altered the timing or frequency of their promotional activities, or if the effectiveness of these promotional activities declined, particularly around the holiday season, it could have a material adverse effect on our annual financial results. 17 Legal and Regulatory Risks There is no guarantee that patent/royalty rights will be renewed, or licensing agreements will be maintained. Certain product development and revenues are dependent on the ownership and or use of various patents, licenses, and license agreements. If the Company is not able to successfully renew or renegotiate these rights, we may suffer from a loss of product sales or royalty revenue associated with these rights or incur additional expense to pursue alternative arrangements. We are subject to governmental regulations. We always face the possibility of new governmental regulations which could have a substantial effect on our operations and profitability. The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act contains provisions to improve transparency and accountability concerning the supply of certain minerals, known as “conflict minerals,” originating from the Democratic Republic of Congo and adjoining countries. There are costs associated with complying with these disclosure requirements, including for due diligence to determine the sources of conflict minerals used in our products and other potential changes to products, processes, or sources of supply as a consequence of such verification activities. These rules could adversely affect the sourcing, supply and pricing of materials used in our products. As there may be only a limited number of suppliers offering "conflict free" conflict minerals, we cannot be sure that we will be able to obtain necessary conflict minerals from such suppliers in sufficient quantities or at competitive prices. Also, we may face reputational challenges if we determine that certain of our products contain minerals not determined to be conflict free or if we are unable to sufficiently verify the origins for all conflict minerals used in our products through the procedures we implement. A data privacy breach could damage our reputation and customer relationships, expose us to litigation risk and potential fines, and adversely affect our business. We and our business partners maintain significant amounts of data electronically in locations around the world. This data relates to all aspects of our business, including current and future products and initiatives under development, and contains confidential, proprietary, non-public, and personal customer, consumer, supplier, partner, and employee data, which we collect, process, transmit, and, where appropriate, retain as part of our normal operations. We maintain systems, protocols, and processes designed to protect this data. Despite the security measures we and our partners have in place, our facilities and systems, and those of our third-party service providers and partners, are vulnerable to security breaches, cyber-attacks, acts of vandalism, computer viruses, misplaced or lost data, programming and/or human error, or other similar events. Threat actors attempt to breach our security systems to gain access to our data and infrastructure through various techniques, including phishing, ransomware, and other targeted attacks. The risk of such attacks includes attempted breaches not only of our systems, but also those of our business partners, customers, clients, and suppliers. The techniques used to obtain unauthorized access are constantly changing, are becoming increasingly more sophisticated, and often are not recognized until after an exploitation of information has occurred. Therefore, we may be unable to anticipate these techniques or implement sufficient preventative measures, which may have a material adverse effect on our Company. The Company has retained and, in the future, may retain third-party experts to assist with the containment of, and response to, security incidents and, in coordination with law enforcement, with the investigation of such incidents. The Company has incurred, and may continue to incur, costs to retain such third-party experts in connection with any such incidents. We may also find it necessary to make significant further investments to protect our information and our infrastructure. These investments, and the costs we incur in connection with security incidents, could be material. As we publicly announced on September 28, 2020, we had previously identified, immediately investigated, and addressed a security incident that occurred on July 7, 2020, that resulted in data related to current and former employees (and their beneficiaries) and contractors stored on certain devices becoming encrypted by ransomware. The incident was promptly addressed and remediated. While we do not believe this or any cybersecurity incident has resulted in any material impact on our business, operations, or financial results, or on our ability to service our customers or run our business, future incidents resulting in unauthorized access to our facilities or information technology systems, networks or infrastructure (or those of our customers, vendors, or other business partners) could result in, among other things, a total shutdown of our systems that would disrupt our ability to conduct business or pay vendors and employees. 18 Further, if we or third parties with which we do business were to fall victim to a successful security breach involving the misappropriation, loss, or unauthorized disclosure of confidential, proprietary, or personal information, whether belonging to us or our vendors, customers, or other third-party business partners, such a breach could result in significant legal and remediation expenses, violate applicable laws and regulations, severely damage our reputation and our customer relationships, harm sales, increase our cybersecurity and other insurance premiums, expose us to risks of litigation and liability, and result in a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations. In addition, cybersecurity incidents and data security breaches could lead to unfavorable publicity, governmental inquiry and oversight, litigation by affected parties, and possible financial obligations for damages related to the theft or misuse of such information, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our profitability and cash flow. We may face regulatory data protection, data security, and privacy risks in connection with our operations under, or failure to comply with, applicable data privacy laws and regulations. Strict data privacy laws regulating the collection, transmission, storage, disclosure and use of personal information are evolving in the United States, the European Union, the UK, Canada, and other jurisdictions in which we operate. Privacy laws, including the General Data Protection Regulations in the European Union and the UK and the California Consumer Privacy Act ("CCPA"), create new individual privacy rights and impose increased obligations on companies handling personal data. The CCPA, which became effective on January 1, 2020, grants individuals the right to access, request deletion of, and opt out of the sale of personal information and creates a private right of action for the unauthorized access and exfiltration, theft, or disclosure of certain types of personal information, including the right to seek statutory damages, among other things. In 2020, the Court of Justice for the European Union invalidated mechanisms for transferring personal information out of the European Union, leading to a wave of potential new barriers for data sharing between the European Union and other countries, including the United States. These changes in the legal and regulatory environments in the areas of customer and employee privacy, data security, and cross-border data flows could have a material adverse effect on our business, primarily through (i) the impairment of our transaction processing activities, (ii) the limitation on the types of information that we may collect, process and retain, (iii) the resulting costs of complying with such legal and regulatory requirements, and (iv) the potential monetary penalties for noncompliance. In addition, the federal privacy and security regulations issued under HIPAA require our facilities to comply with extensive requirements on the use and disclosure of protected health information, and implement and maintain administrative, physical, and technical safeguards to protect the security of such information. A change in applicable privacy or security laws or regulations could require us to devote significant management and operational resources, and expend significant additional financial resources, to upgrade the security measures that we employ to comply with such change. Consequently, we may incur significant costs related to ensuring compliance with applicable laws regarding the protection of personal information. The potential costs of non- compliance with these laws and regulations may include significant penalties. In addition, new and existing regulations and policies may affect the use of our products and services and could have a material adverse impact on our results of operations. Our products could infringe the intellectual property rights of others and we may be exposed to costly litigation. The products we sell are continually changing as a result of improved technology. Although we and our suppliers attempt to avoid infringing known proprietary rights of third parties in our products, we may be subject to legal proceedings and claims for alleged infringement by us, our suppliers, or our distributors, of a third party’s patents, trade secrets, trademarks, or copyrights. Any claims relating to the infringement of third-party proprietary rights, even if not meritorious, could result in costly litigation, divert management’s attention and resources, or require us to either enter into royalty or license agreements which are not advantageous to us or pay material amounts of damages. In addition, parties making these claims may be able to obtain an injunction, which could prevent us from selling our products. We may increasingly be subject to infringement claims as we expand our product offerings. 19 Operational Risks A portion of our workforce is represented by labor unions. Collective bargaining agreements can increase our expenses. Labor disruptions could adversely affect our operations. As of February 28, 2022, 44 of our full-time employees were covered by collective bargaining agreements. We cannot predict whether labor unions may be successful in organizing other portions of our workforce or what additional costs we could incur as a result. We depend on our suppliers to provide us with adequate quantities of high-quality competitive products and/or component parts on a timely basis. We have few long-term contracts with our suppliers. Most of our products and component parts are imported from suppliers under short-term purchase orders. Accordingly, we can give no assurance that: • • • • • • • • • our supplier relationships will continue as presently in effect; our suppliers will be able to obtain the components necessary to produce high-quality, technologically-advanced products for us; we will be able to obtain adequate alternatives to our supply sources, should they be interrupted; if obtained, alternatively sourced products of satisfactory quality would be delivered on a timely basis, competitively priced, comparably featured, or acceptable to our customers; our suppliers have sufficient financial resources to fulfill their obligations; our suppliers will be able to obtain raw materials and labor necessary for production; shipments from our suppliers will not be affected by labor disputes within the shipping and transportation industries; our suppliers would not be impacted by natural disasters directly or via their supply chains; and as it relates to products we do not manufacture, our suppliers will not become our competitors. On occasion, our suppliers have not been able to produce the quantities of products or component parts that we desire. Our inability to manufacture and/or supply sufficient quantities of products that are in demand could reduce our profitability and have a material adverse effect on our relationships with our customers. If any of our supplier relationships were terminated or interrupted, we could experience an immediate or long-term supply shortage, which could have a material adverse effect on our business. We have few long-term sales contracts with our customers that contain guaranteed customer purchase commitments. Sales of many of our products are made by purchase orders and are terminable at will by either party. We do have long-term sales contracts with certain customers; however, these contracts do not require the customers to guarantee specific levels of product purchases over the term of the contracts. The unexpected loss of all or a significant portion of sales to any one of our large customers could have a material adverse effect on our performance. We are increasingly dependent on the continuous and reliable operation of our information technology systems, and a disruption of these systems resulting from cybersecurity attacks or other events could adversely affect our business. We increasingly depend on our information technology, or IT, infrastructure in order to achieve our business objectives. To meet these business objectives, the Company relies on our information technology systems and those of our third-party business partners to process and store sensitive data, including confidential research, business plans, financial information, intellectual property, and personal data. The secure operation of these systems and products, including the protection of the information they process, is critical to our business operations and strategy. Our customers and business partners rely on the security of our infrastructure, including hardware and other elements provided by third parties, to ensure the reliability of our products and the protection of their data. The extensive cybersecurity threats which affect companies globally pose a risk to the security and availability of these IT systems and the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of confidential, proprietary, and personal data. To date, the Company has not experienced any material impact to its business or operations resulting from a data breach or cybersecurity attack. However, because of frequently changing attack techniques, along with the increased volume and sophistication of the attacks, there is the potential for the Company to be adversely impacted. If we experience a 20 cyberattack that impairs our IT infrastructure, such as a computer virus, a problem with the functioning of an important IT application, or an intentional disruption of our IT systems by a third party, the resulting disruptions could impede our ability to record or process orders, manufacture, and ship in a timely manner, or otherwise carry on our business in the ordinary course. Any such events could cause us to lose customers or revenue and could require us to incur significant remediation expense. Furthermore, although the Company maintains insurance coverage for various cybersecurity and business continuity risks, there can be no guarantee that all costs or losses incurred will be fully insured. Our computer systems are subject to penetration and our security and data protection measures may not prevent unauthorized access. Threats to our systems and our associated third parties’ systems can result from human error, fraud, or malice on the part of employees or third parties, as well as from accidental technological failure. Despite security measures, computer viruses, malware, and other “hacking” programs and devices may cause significant damage, delays or interruptions to our systems and operations or to certain of the products we sell, resulting in damage to our reputation and brand names. Although the Company has business continuity plans in place, if these plans do not provide effective alternative processes on a timely basis, the Company may suffer interruptions in its ability to manage or conduct its operations, which may adversely affect its business. The Company may need to expend additional resources in the future to continue to protect against, or to address problems caused by, any business interruptions or security breaches. Any business interruptions or data security breaches (including cybersecurity breaches resulting in private data disclosure) could result in lawsuits or regulatory proceedings, damage our reputation, or adversely impact our results of operations, cash flows, and financial condition. A failure to keep pace with developments in technology could impair our operations or competitive position. Our business continues to demand the use of sophisticated systems and technology. If we are unable to timely update and replace our systems and technology with more advanced systems on a regular basis in order for us to meet our customers’ demands and expectations, or if we are unable to appropriately and timely train our employees to operate any of these new systems, our business could suffer. We also may not achieve the benefits that we anticipate from any new system or technology implemented by us, and a failure to do so could result in higher than anticipated costs or could impair our operating results. We are continuously working to upgrade our information technology systems and provide employee awareness training around phishing, malware, and other cyber risks to protect our customer, employee, and company data against cyber risks and security breaches. Despite these efforts, there is no guarantee that the procedures that we have implemented to protect against unauthorized access to secured data are adequate to safeguard against future data security breaches. Because of the frequently changing attack techniques, along with the increased volume and sophistication of the attacks, there is the potential for the Company to be adversely impacted. Moreover, because the techniques used to gain access to or sabotage systems often are not recognized until launched against a target, we may be unable to anticipate the methods necessary to defend against these types of attacks, and we cannot predict the extent, frequency or impact these attacks may have on us. To the extent our business is interrupted, this impact could include reputational, competitive, operational, or other business harm as well as financial costs and regulatory action. Further, the theft or unauthorized use or publication of our trade secrets and other confidential business information as a result of such an incident could adversely affect our competitive position. Remote working arrangements driven by the COVID-19 pandemic could significantly increase the Company’s digital and cybersecurity risks. The COVID-19 pandemic has caused us to modify our business practices. In response to mandates and/or recommendations from federal, state, and local authorities, as well as our concern for the health and safety of our employees, we temporarily closed or reduced operations in many of our locations, as well as implemented hybrid working arrangements in certain locations. With the continuing COVID-19-driven shift to remote working, and the use of virtual board and executive management meetings, cybersecurity risks are exponentially greater. Social distancing measures restricting the ability of our employees to work at our offices create an increased demand for information technology resources, and thus may increase the risk of phishing and other cybersecurity attacks as well as increase the risk of unauthorized dissemination of sensitive personal information or proprietary or confidential information about us or our customers, employees, or business partners. Despite our cybersecurity measures, we may be more susceptible to security breaches and other security incidents because we have less capability to 21 implement, monitor, and enforce our information security and data protection policies. Techniques or software used to gain unauthorized access, and/or disable, degrade, or harm our systems may be difficult to detect for prolonged periods of time, and we may be unable to anticipate these techniques or put in place protective or preventive measures. The damage or disruption of our systems, or the theft or compromise of our technology, data, or intellectual property, may negatively impact our business, financial condition and results of operations, reputation, stock price and long-term value. Any such event may also expose us to costly remediation, litigation, and regulatory investigations or actions by state and federal authorities as well as non-US authorities, interference with the Company's operations, and damage to the Company's reputation, which could adversely affect the Company's business. We are responsible for product warranties and defects. Whether we outsource manufacturing or manufacture products directly for our customers, we provide warranties for all of our products, for which we have provided an estimated liability. Therefore, we are highly dependent on the quality of our suppliers’ products. If we experience an increase in warranty claims, or if our costs associated with such warranty claims increase significantly, we will begin to incur liabilities for warranty claims after the sale of our products at levels that we have not previously incurred or anticipated. In addition, an increase in the frequency of our warranty claims or amount of warranty costs may harm our reputation and could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations. We provide financial support to one of our subsidiaries through an intercompany loan agreement and may need to secure additional financing for our own operations, but we cannot be sure that additional financing will be available. We have an intercompany loan agreement with our majority owned subsidiary, EyeLock LLC, which is expected to continue to require additional funding beyond one year. In funding the loan to EyeLock LLC, we have less cash flow available to support our domestic operations and other activities. If we are unable to generate sufficient cash flows in the future to support our operations and service our debt as a result of funding EyeLock LLC, we may be required to refinance all or a portion of our existing debt, as applicable, or to obtain additional financing. There can be no assurance that any refinancing will be possible or that any additional financing could be obtained on acceptable terms. The inability to service or refinance our existing debt or to obtain additional financing would have a material adverse effect on our financial position, liquidity, and results of operations. Our capital resources may not be sufficient to meet our future capital and liquidity requirements. We believe our current funds and available credit lines would provide sufficient resources to fund our existing operations for the foreseeable future. However, we may need additional capital to operate our business if: • • • • • • market conditions change, our business plans or assumptions change, we make significant acquisitions, we need to make significant increases in capital expenditures or working capital, our restrictive covenants do not provide sufficient credit, or we need to continue to provide financial support to EyeLock LLC for an extended period of time. Acquisitions and strategic investments may divert our resources and management’s attention; results may fall short of expectations. We intend to continue pursuing selected acquisitions of, and investments in, businesses, technologies, and product lines as a component of our growth strategy. Any future acquisition or investment may result in the use of significant amounts of cash, potentially dilutive issuances of equity securities, or the incurrence of debt and amortization expenses related to intangible assets. Acquisitions involve numerous risks, including: • • • • difficulties in the integration and assimilation of the operations, technologies, products, and personnel of an acquired business; diversion of management’s attention from other business concerns; increased expenses associated with the acquisition, and potential loss of key employees or customers of any acquired business. 22 We cannot assure you that our acquisitions will be successful and will not adversely affect our business, results of operations, or financial condition. We depend heavily on existing directors, management and key personnel and our ability to recruit and retain qualified personnel. Our success depends on the continued efforts of our directors, executives, and senior vice presidents, many of whom have worked with VOXX International Corporation for several decades, as well as our other executive officers and key employees. We have employment contracts with most of our executive officers. The loss or interruption of the continued full-time service of certain of our executive officers and key employees could have a material adverse effect on our business. In addition, to support our continued growth, we must effectively recruit, develop, and retain additional qualified personnel both domestically and internationally. Our inability to attract and retain necessary qualified personnel could have a material adverse effect on our business. Risks Related to the Ownership of our Common Stock Our stock price could fluctuate significantly. The market price of our common stock could fluctuate significantly in response to various factors and events, including: • • • • • • • • • operating results being below market expectations, announcements of technological innovations or new products by us or our competitors, loss of a major customer or supplier, changes in, or our failure to meet, financial estimates by securities analysts, industry developments, economic and other external factors, general downgrading of our industry sector by securities analysts, acquisitions and dispositions, and inventory write-downs. In addition, the securities markets have experienced significant price and volume fluctuations over the past several years that have often been unrelated to the operating performance of particular companies. These market fluctuations may also have a material adverse effect on the market price of our common stock. John J. Shalam, our Chairman, controls a significant portion of the voting power of our common stock and can exercise control over our affairs. Mr. Shalam beneficially owns approximately 52.8% of the combined voting power of both classes of common stock. This will allow him to elect the majority of our Board of Directors and, in general, determine the outcome of any other matter submitted to the stockholders for approval. Mr. Shalam's voting power may have the effect of delaying or preventing a change in control of the Company. We have two classes of common stock: Class A common stock, which is traded on the NASDAQ Stock Market under the symbol VOXX, and Class B common stock, which is not publicly traded and substantially all of which is beneficially owned by Mr. Shalam. Each share of Class A common stock is entitled to one vote per share and each share of Class B common stock is entitled to ten votes per share. Class A shareholders vote separately for the election/removal of the Class A directors, while both classes vote together as a single class on all other matters and as otherwise may be required by Delaware law. Since our charter permits shareholder action by written consent, Mr. Shalam may be able to take significant corporate actions without prior notice and a shareholder meeting. We exercise our option for the "controlled company" exemption under NASDAQ rules. The Company has exercised its right to the "controlled company" exemption under NASDAQ rules which enables us to forego certain NASDAQ requirements which include: (i) maintaining a majority of independent directors; (ii) electing a nominating committee composed solely of independent directors; (iii) ensuring the compensation of our executive officers is determined by a majority of independent directors or a compensation committee composed solely of independent directors; and (iv) selecting, or recommending for the Board's selection, director nominees, either by a majority of the independent directors or a nominating committee composed solely of independent directors. Although we do not maintain a nominating committee and do not have a majority of independent 23 directors, the Company notes that at the present time we do maintain a compensation committee comprised solely of independent directors who approve executive compensation, and the recommendations for director nominees are governed by a majority of independent directors. However, election of the "controlled company" exemption under NASDAQ rules allows us to modify our position at any time. General Risks Our cash and cash equivalents could be adversely affected if the financial institutions in which we hold our cash and cash equivalents fail. Our cash and cash equivalents consist of demand deposits and highly liquid money market funds with original maturities of three months or less at the time of purchase. We maintain the cash and cash equivalents with major financial institutions. Some deposits with these banks exceed the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation ("FDIC") insurance limits or similar limits in foreign jurisdictions. While we monitor daily the cash balances in the operating accounts and adjust the balances as appropriate, these balances could be impacted if one or more of the financial institutions with which we deposit fails or is subject to other adverse conditions in the financial or credit markets. To date, we have experienced no loss or lack of access to our invested cash or cash equivalents; however, we can provide no assurance that access to our invested cash and cash equivalents will not be impacted by adverse conditions in the financial and credit markets. Our business could be affected by unseasonal or severe weather-related factors. Our results of operations may be adversely affected by weather-related factors. Adverse weather conditions and extreme seasonal fluctuations may deter or prevent patrons from reaching facilities where our products are sold, or negatively affect customer demand for certain products. Although our budget assumes certain seasonal fluctuations in our revenues to ensure adequate cash flow during expected periods of lower revenues, we cannot ensure that weather-related factors will not have a material adverse effect on our operations. Other Risks Other risks and uncertainties include: • • • • • • additional changes in U.S. federal, state, and local law, our ability to implement operating cost structures that align with revenue growth, additional trade sanctions against or from foreign countries, successful integration of business acquisitions and new brands in our distribution network, compliance with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, and compliance with complex financial accounting and tax standards, both foreign and domestic. Item 1B-Unresolved Staff Comments As of the filing of this annual report on Form 10-K, there were no unresolved comments from the staff of the Securities and Exchange Commission. Item 2-Properties Our Corporate headquarters is located at 2351 J. Lawson Blvd. in Orlando, Florida, which is owned by the Company, and also serves as a manufacturing facility for its automotive electronic business. In addition, as of February 28, 2022, the Company leased a total of 19 operating facilities or offices located in 6 states as well as China, Canada, Mexico, France, Germany, Japan, and Hong Kong. The leases have been classified as operating leases. Within the United States, the Company’s leased facilities are located in Georgia, New York, California, Ohio, North Carolina, and Texas. The Company also owns 8 of its operating facilities or offices (including its Corporate headquarters and automotive manufacturing facility in Florida), located in New York, Indiana, Michigan, and Arkansas in the United States, as well as in Germany and Venezuela. These facilities serve as offices, warehouses, manufacturing facilities and distribution centers. Additionally, we utilize public warehouse facilities located in Virginia, Nevada, Indiana, North Carolina, Florida, Mexico, China, the Netherlands, Germany, Australia, Japan, and Canada. 24 Item 3-Legal Proceedings The Company is currently, and has in the past, been a party to various routine legal proceedings incident to the ordinary course of business. If management determines, based on the underlying facts and circumstances of each matter, that it is probable a loss will result from a litigation contingency and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated, the estimated loss is accrued for. The Company does not believe that any outstanding litigation will have a material adverse effect on the Company's financial statements, individually or in the aggregate. The products the Company sells are continually changing as a result of improved technology. As a result, although the Company and its suppliers attempt to avoid infringing known proprietary rights, the Company may be subject to legal proceedings and claims for alleged infringement by patent, trademark, or other intellectual property owners. Any claims relating to the infringement of third-party proprietary rights, even if not meritorious, could result in costly litigation, divert management’s attention and resources, or require the Company to either enter into royalty or license agreements which are not advantageous to the Company or pay material amounts of damages. In March 2007, the Company entered into a contract with Seaguard Electronics, LLC (“Seaguard”) relating to the Company’s purchase from Seaguard of a stolen vehicle recovery product and back-end services. In August 2018, Seaguard filed a demand for arbitration against the Company with the American Arbitration Association (“AAA”) alleging claims for breach of contract and patent infringement. Seaguard originally sought damages of approximately $10,000 and on the seventh day of an eight-day fact witness portion of the arbitration in June 2021, amended its damages demand to $40,000, which was effected by the service of Claimant’s notice dated July 14, 2021. On November 29, 2021, the Arbitrator issued an interim award (the “Interim Award”) with Seaguard prevailing on its breach of contract claim. The Company’s affirmative defenses relating to those claims, however, were denied in their entirety. Seaguard was awarded damages in the amount of $39,444 against the Company. On March 3, 2022, the Arbitrator issued a Partial Final Award on Bifurcated Issue in the amount of $39,444, plus $798 for its attorneys’ fees and costs. On March 11, 2022, the Arbitrator fixed the schedule of the patent portion of the bifurcated arbitration, with a trial date set for October 16, 2023. The Company has put its suppliers on notice of its indemnification rights with respect to the alleged infringing products. On March 14, 2022, Seaguard filed a Petition in the United States District Court, Central District of California, Western Division, to confirm the Partial Final Award. On April 25, 2022, the Company filed its opposition to Seaguard’s Petition to Confirm and a Counter-Petition to Vacate the Partial Final Award. A hearing on the Petition and Counter-Petition is presently scheduled for June 3, 2022. At February 28, 2022, the Company has recorded a charge of $39,444 within Other (expense) income in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive (Loss) Income. No accrual or reserve was included in the Company’s issued financial statements prior to the quarter ended November 30, 2021, based on an assessment that an award of damages in the arbitration proceeding would not be material and that the amount as determined by the Arbitrator’s award was not probable. The Company made its accrual determination in accordance with reports and evaluations from its damages expert, as well as from the guidance and opinion letters received from the Company’s trial attorneys. Item 4-Mine Safety Disclosure Not applicable. 25 Item 5-Market for the Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters, and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities Market Information The Class A Common Stock of Voxx is traded on the Nasdaq Stock Market under the symbol "VOXX." The following table sets forth the low and high sale price of our Class A Common Stock, based on the last daily sale in each of the last eight fiscal quarters: PART II Year ended February 28, 2022 First Quarter Second Quarter Third Quarter Fourth Quarter Year ended February 28, 2021 First Quarter Second Quarter Third Quarter Fourth Quarter Dividends $ $ High Low 24.21 $ 16.52 13.08 13.01 High Low 5.77 $ 7.14 13.87 27.18 13.72 9.71 10.02 9.58 1.83 4.87 5.71 11.79 We have not paid or declared any cash dividends on our common stock. We have retained all our earnings for use in developing our business. Future cash dividends, if any, will be paid at the discretion of our Board of Directors and will depend, among other things, upon our future operations and earnings, capital requirements and surplus, general financial condition, contractual restrictions, and such other factors as our Board of Directors may deem relevant giving consideration to any requirements or restrictions under the Company's credit agreements (see Note 7(a) to the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements). Holders There are 635 holders of record of our Class A Common Stock and 4 holders of Class B Convertible Common Stock. Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities In April 2019, the Company was authorized by the Board of Directors to increase the number of Class A Common Shares available for repurchase in connection with its share repurchase program (the “Program”) to 3,000,000. During the year ended February 28, 2022, the Company purchased 113,000 shares of its Class A Common Stock for an aggregate cost of $1,220. During the year ended February 29, 2020, the Company purchased 581,124 shares of its Class A Common Stock for an aggregate cost of $2,742. During the year ended February 28, 2021, the Company did not purchase any shares. As of February 28, 2022, the cumulative total of acquired shares (net of reissuances of 11,635) pursuant to the Program was 2,862,218, with a cumulative value of $25,138. The remaining authorized share repurchase balance is 2,305,876 at February 28, 2022. Period 7/20/2021 - 7/31/21 Total acquired shares Total Number of Shares Purchased (1) Average Price Paid Per Share Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs 113,000 $ 113,000 26 10.80 113,000 Maximum Number of Shares That May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs 2,305,876 Performance Graph The following table compares the annual percentage change in our cumulative total stockholder return on our Class A common stock during the period commencing on February 28, 2017 and ending on February 28, 2022 with the cumulative total return of the Nasdaq Stock Market (U.S.) Index and our SIC Code Index, during such period. Item 6-Reserved 27 Item 7-Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations ("MD&A") This section should be read in conjunction with the "Cautionary Statements" and "Risk Factors" in Item 1A of Part I, and Item 8 of Part II, "Consolidated Financial Statements and Supplementary Data." We begin Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations with an overview of the business, including our strategy to give the reader a summary of the goals of our business and the direction in which our business is moving. This is followed by a discussion of the Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates that we believe are important to understanding the assumptions and judgments incorporated in our reported financial results. In the next section, we discuss our Results of Operations for the year ended February 28, 2022 compared to the years ended February 28, 2021 and February 29, 2020. Next, we present EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA for the year ended February 28, 2022 compared to the years ended February 28, 2021 and February 29, 2020 in order to provide a useful and appropriate supplemental measure of our performance. We then provide an analysis of changes in our balance sheet and cash flows and discuss our financial commitments in the sections entitled "Liquidity and Capital Resources." We conclude this MD&A with a discussion of "Related Party Transactions" and "Recent Accounting Pronouncements." Business Overview and Strategy VOXX International Corporation is a leading international distributor, manufacturer and value-added service provider in the automotive electronics, consumer electronics and biometrics industries. We conduct our business through nineteen wholly-owned subsidiaries and one majority owned subsidiary. Voxx has a broad portfolio of brand names used to market our products as well as private labels through a large domestic and international distribution network. We also function as an OEM ("Original Equipment Manufacturer") supplier to several customers, as well as market a number of products under exclusive distribution agreements. In recent years, we have focused our attention on acquiring synergistic businesses with the addition of several new subsidiaries. These subsidiaries have helped us to expand our core business and broaden our presence in the accessory and OEM markets. Our acquisition of a controlling interest in EyeLock Inc. and EyeLock Corporation allowed us to enter the growing and innovative biometrics market. The Company has also made strategic asset purchases in order to strengthen its product offerings and increase market share, such as the acquisition of certain assets and assumption of certain liabilities of Rosen Electronics LLC in Fiscal 2018, Vehicle Safety Holding Corp. in Fiscal 2020, Directed LLC and Directed Electronics Canada Inc. in Fiscal 2021, and Onkyo Home Entertainment Corporation in Fiscal 2022. Our intention is to continue to pursue business opportunities which will allow us to further expand our business model while leveraging overhead and exploring specialized niche markets in the electronics industry. Notwithstanding the above acquisitions, if the appropriate opportunity arises, the Company has been willing to explore the potential divestiture of a product line or business, such as with the sale of the Company's Hirschmann subsidiary in Fiscal 2018. The Company classifies its operations in the following three reportable segments: Automotive Electronics, Consumer Electronics, and Biometrics. The characteristics of our operations that are relied on in making and reviewing business decisions within these segments include the similarities in our products, the commonality of our customers, suppliers and product developers across multiple brands, our unified marketing and distribution strategy, our centralized inventory management and logistics, and the nature of the financial information used by our Chief Operating Decision Maker ("CODM"). The CODM reviews the financial results of the Company based on the performance of the Automotive Electronics, Consumer Electronics, and Biometrics segments. The Company’s domestic and international business is subject to retail industry trends and conditions and the sales of new and used vehicles. Worldwide economic conditions impact consumer spending and if the global macroeconomic environment deteriorates, this could have a negative effect on the Company’s revenues and earnings. In an attempt to offset any negative market conditions, the Company continues to explore strategies and alternatives to reduce its operating expenses, such as the consolidation of facilities and IT systems, and has been introducing new products to obtain a greater market share. Although we believe our product groups have expanding market opportunities, there are certain levels of volatility related to domestic and international markets, new car sales, increased competition by manufacturers, private labels, technological advancements, customer acceptance, discretionary consumer spending and general economic conditions. Also, all of our products are subject to price fluctuations which could affect the carrying value of inventories and gross margins in the future. 28 During March 2020, a global pandemic was declared by the World Health Organization related to the rapidly growing outbreak of COVID-19, which began spreading during the fourth quarter of our 2020 fiscal year. The pandemic has significantly impacted the economic conditions in the United States, as federal, state, and local governments have reacted to the public health crisis, creating significant uncertainties in the United States, as well as the global economy. In the interest of public health and safety, U.S. jurisdictions (national, state, and local) where our primary operations and those of many of our customers are located, required mandatory business closures and capacity limitations during Fiscal 2021, or other restrictions for those that were permitted to continue to operate. During Fiscal 2022, all of our operating locations were able to re-open, some of which were at a reduced in-office employee presence at certain times during the year in response to COVID-19 variant spread. As a result of these events, the Company has experienced certain adverse impacts on its revenues, results of operations and cash flows during Fiscal 2022. The situation is still rapidly changing and additional impacts to the Company’s business may arise that we are not aware of currently. We cannot predict whether, when, or the manner in which the conditions surrounding COVID-19 will change, including the timing of the imposition or lifting of restrictions, closure requirements, or any other limitations. Due to the changing situation, the results of the first quarter ending May 31, 2022 and the full fiscal year ending February 28, 2023 could be impacted in ways we are not able to predict today, including, but not limited to, non-cash write-downs and impairments; foreign currency fluctuations; potential adjustments to the carrying value of inventory; and the delayed collections of, or inability to collect, accounts receivable. The Company continues to focus on cash flow and anticipates having sufficient resources to operate during Fiscal 2023. Acquisitions and Dispositions We have acquired and integrated several businesses, as well as divested certain businesses, the most recent of which are outlined in the Acquisitions section of Part I and presented in detail in Note 2 to the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements. Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates (see Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements) General Our consolidated financial statements are prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make certain estimates, judgments, and assumptions that we believe are reasonable based upon the information available. These estimates and assumptions can be subjective and complex and may affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, revenues, and expenses reported in those financial statements. As a result, actual results could differ from such estimates and assumptions. During Fiscal 2022, there have been continuous changes to the global economic situation as a consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic. It is possible that this could cause changes to estimates as a result of the financial circumstances of the markets in which the Company operates, the price of the Company’s publicly traded equity in comparison to the Company’s carrying value, and the health of the global economy. Such changes to estimates could potentially result in impacts that would be material to the consolidated financial statements, particularly with respect to the fair value of the Company’s reporting units in relation to potential goodwill impairment and the fair value of long-lived assets in relation to potential impairment. The significant accounting policies and estimates which we believe are the most critical in fully understanding and evaluating the reported consolidated financial results include the following: Revenue Recognition The Company accounts for revenue in accordance with ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. The core principle of ASC 606 is that an entity recognizes revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods and services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods and services. We apply the FASB’s guidance on revenue recognition, which requires us to recognize the amount of revenue and consideration that we expect to receive in exchange for goods and services transferred to our customers. To do this, the Company applies the five-step model prescribed by the FASB, which requires us to: (i) identify the contract with the customer; (ii) identify the performance obligations in the contract; (iii) determine the transaction price; (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and (v) recognize revenue when, or as, we satisfy a performance obligation. 29 We account for a contract or purchase order when it has approval and commitment from both parties, the rights of the parties are identified, payment terms are identified, the contract has commercial substance, and collectability of consideration is probable. Revenue is recognized when control of the product passes to the customer, which is upon shipment, unless otherwise specified within the customer contract or on the purchase order as delivery, and is recognized at the amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to receive for the products sold, including various forms of discounts. When revenue is recorded, estimates of returns are made and recorded as a reduction of revenue. Sales Incentives Sales incentives are accounted for in accordance with ASC 606. We offer sales incentives to our customers in the form of (1) co-operative advertising allowances; (2) market development funds; (3) volume incentive rebates; and (4) other trade allowances. We accrue the cost of co-operative advertising allowances, volume incentive rebates, and market development funds at the later of when the customer purchases our products or when the sales incentive is offered to the customer. We record the provision for other trade allowances at the later of when the sales incentive is offered or when the related revenue is recognized. Except for other trade allowances, all sales incentives require the customer to purchase our products during a specified period of time. All sales incentives require customers to claim the sales incentive within a certain time period (referred to as the "claim period"). All costs associated with sales incentives are classified as a reduction of net sales. Depending on the specific facts and circumstances, we utilize either the most likely amount or the expected value methods to estimate the effect of uncertainty on the amount of variable consideration to which we would be entitled. The most likely amount method considers the single most likely amount from a range of possible consideration amounts, while the expected value method is the sum of probability-weighted amounts in a range of possible consideration amounts. Both methods are based upon the contractual terms of the incentives and historical experience with each customer. Although we make our best estimate of sales incentive liabilities, many factors, including significant unanticipated changes in the purchasing volume and the lack of claims from customers could have a significant impact on the liability for sales incentives and reported operating results. We record estimates for cash discounts, promotional rebates, and other promotional allowances in the period the related revenue is recognized (“Customer Credits”). The provision for Customer Credits is recorded as a reduction from gross sales and reserves for Customer Credits are presented within accrued sales incentives on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. Unearned sales incentives are volume incentive rebates where the customer did not purchase the required minimum quantities of product during the specified time. Volume incentive rebates are reversed into income in the period when the customer did not reach the required minimum purchases of product during the specified time. Unclaimed sales incentives are sales incentives earned by the customer, but the customer has not claimed payment within the claim period (period after program has ended). Unclaimed sales incentives are investigated in a timely manner after the end of the program and reversed if deemed appropriate. Business Combinations We account for business combinations under the acquisition method of accounting. The purchase price of each business acquired is allocated to the tangible and intangible assets acquired and the liabilities assumed based on information regarding their respective fair values on the date of acquisition. Any excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the separately identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed is allocated to goodwill. Determining the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed requires management's judgment and often involves the use of significant estimates and assumptions, including assumptions with respect to future cash inflows and outflows, discount rates, and market multiples, among other items. We determine the fair values of intangible assets acquired generally in consultation with third-party valuation advisors. The valuation of assets acquired and liabilities assumed requires a number of judgments and is subject to revision as additional information about the fair values becomes available. We recognize any adjustments to provisional amounts that are identified during the period not to exceed twelve months from the acquisition date (the "measurement period") in which the adjustments are determined. Acquisition costs are expensed as incurred. The results of operations of businesses acquired are included in the consolidated financial statements from their dates of acquisition. As part of the agreement to acquire certain subsidiaries, we may be obligated to pay contingent consideration should the acquired entity meet certain earnings or other contractually agreed upon objectives subsequent to the date of acquisition. As of the acquisition date, contingent consideration is recorded at fair value as determined through the use of an appropriate fair value model, depending on the nature of the arrangement. The models could involve the estimation of future subsidiary performance, probability of likelihood, projected cash flows, weighted average 30 discount rates, and expected long-term growth rates. The fair value is measured subsequent to the acquisition date at least annually and any changes are recorded within cost and operating expenses within our consolidated statement of income until the contingent consideration is settled. Changes in either the growth rates, expected probabilities, related earnings, or the discount rate could result in a material change to the amount of the contingent consideration accrued. Accounts Receivable We perform ongoing credit evaluations of our customers and adjust credit limits based upon payment history and current credit worthiness, as determined by a review of current credit information. We continuously monitor collections from our customers and maintain a provision for estimated credit losses based upon historical experience and any specific customer collection issues that have been identified. While such credit losses have historically been within management's expectations and the provisions established, we cannot guarantee that we will continue to experience the same credit loss rates that have been experienced in the past. Our five largest customer balances comprise 24% of our accounts receivable balance as of February 28, 2022. A significant change in the liquidity or financial position of any one of these customers could have a material adverse impact on the collectability of accounts receivable and our results of operations. On March 1, 2020, we adopted Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2016-13, “Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments,” which did not have a material impact on our financial statements. Our financial instruments consist of trade receivables arising from revenue transactions in the ordinary course of business. We extend credit to customers based on pre-defined criteria and trade receivables are generally due within 30 to 60 days. Inventory We value our inventory at the lower of the actual cost to purchase or the net realizable value of the inventory. Net realizable value is defined as estimated selling prices, less cost of completion, disposal, and transportation. We regularly review inventory quantities on-hand and record a provision in cost of sales for excess and obsolete inventory based primarily on selling prices, indications from customers based upon current price negotiations, and purchase orders. The cost of the inventory is determined primarily on a weighted moving average basis, with a portion valued at standard cost, which approximates actual costs on the first in, first out basis. Our industry is characterized by rapid technological change and frequent new product introductions that could result in an increase in the amount of obsolete inventory quantities on-hand. In addition, and as necessary, specific reserves for future known or anticipated events may be established. Estimates of excess and obsolete inventory may prove to be inaccurate, in which case we may have understated or overstated the provision required for excess and obsolete inventory. Although we make every effort to ensure the accuracy of our forecasts of future product demand, any significant unanticipated changes in demand or technological developments could have a significant impact on the carrying value of inventory and our results of operations. Intangible Asset Impairments As of February 28, 2022, intangible assets totaled $101,450. Management makes estimates and assumptions in preparing the consolidated financial statements for which actual results will emerge over long periods of time. These estimates and assumptions are closely monitored by management and periodically adjusted as circumstances warrant. For instance, the expected lives of indefinite-lived intangible assets may be shortened or an impairment recorded based upon a change in the expected use of the asset or performance of the related asset group. At the present time, management intends to continue the development, marketing and selling of products associated with its intangible assets, and there are no known restrictions on the continuation of their use. In connection with the annual impairment test performed as of the last day of the fourth quarter of Fiscal 2021, the Company determined that one of its trademarks in the Consumer Electronics segment was impaired. The impairment was the result of shortfalls in sales due to reduced demand of the product category. As a result, an impairment charge of $1,300 was recorded for the year ended February 28, 2021 (see Note 1(k)). Related long-lived assets were tested for recoverability and determined to be recoverable and therefore no additional impairments related to long-lived assets were recorded. 31 In connection with the annual impairment test performed as of the last day of the fourth quarter of Fiscal 2020, the Company determined that several of its indefinite-lived trademarks in the Consumer Electronics segment, were impaired. The impairments were the result of the Company being unable to secure product placement into customer stores, anticipated shortfalls in sales due to economic uncertainty as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, reduced demand from a large traditional brick-and-mortar customer, along with continued declines in the German economy. As a result, several indefinite-lived tradenames in the Consumer Electronics segment were impaired resulting in impairment charges of $2,828 recorded for the year ended February 29, 2020 (see Note 1(k)). Related long-lived assets were tested for recoverability and determined to be recoverable and therefore no additional impairments related to long- lived assets were recorded in the Consumer Electronics segment. In the Biometrics segment, in connection with the annual impairment test for Fiscal 2020, the Company determined that its indefinite-lived trademark was impaired. The impairment of the trademark was the result of lack of customer acceptance of the related technology, lower than anticipated results, adjusted expectations for demand and anticipated delays of product deployment with target customers due to economic uncertainty given the COVID-19 pandemic. Related long-lived assets in the Biometrics segment were tested for recoverability and determined not to be recoverable. The fair value of the long-lived assets that were not recoverable were estimated, and when compared to their carrying value, were determined to also be impaired. As a result, total impairments in the Biometrics segment of $27,402 for indefinite-lived and definite-lived intangible assets were recorded for the year ended February 29, 2020 (see Note 1 (k)). The combined impairment charges for both the Consumer Electronics segment and the Biometrics segment aggregated $30,230 for fiscal year ended February 29, 2020. Approximately 38.2% of our indefinite-lived trademarks ($24,079) are at risk of impairment as of February 28, 2022. When testing indefinite-lived assets for impairment, we have the option to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether the existence of events or circumstances leads to a determination that it is more likely than not that the estimated fair value is less than its carrying amount. If we elect to perform a qualitative assessment and determine that an impairment is more likely than not, we are then required to perform the quantitative impairment test; otherwise, no further analysis is required. Under the qualitative assessment, we consider various factors, including macroeconomic conditions, relevant industry and market trends, cost factors, overall financial performance, other entity-specific events, and events affecting the indefinite-lived asset that could indicate a potential change in the fair value of our indefinite-lived assets. We also consider the specific future outlook for the indefinite-lived asset. We may also elect not to perform the qualitative assessment and instead, proceed directly to the quantitative impairment test. The Company uses an income approach, based on the relief from royalty method, to value indefinite-lived trademarks as part of its quantitative impairment test. This impairment test involves the use of accounting estimates and assumptions, changes in which could materially impact our financial condition or operating performance if actual results differ from such estimates and assumptions. The critical assumptions in the discounted cash flow model include revenues, long-term growth rates, royalty rates, and discount rates. Management exercises judgment in developing these assumptions. Certain of these assumptions are based upon industry projections, facts specific to the trademarks and consideration of our long-term view for the trademark and the markets we operate in. If we were to experience sales declines, a significant change in operating margins which may impact estimated royalty rates, an increase in our discount rates, and/or a decrease in our projected long-term growth rates, there would be an increased risk of impairment of these indefinite-lived trademarks. The cost of other intangible assets with definite lives and long-lived assets are amortized on an accelerated or straight-line basis over their respective lives. Management has determined that the current lives of these assets are appropriate. Long-lived assets and certain identifiable intangibles are reviewed for impairment in accordance with ASC 360 whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of an asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability of the assets is measured by a comparison of the carrying value of an asset to future undiscounted net cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. If the carrying value of these assets are not recoverable on an undiscounted basis, they are then compared to their estimated fair market value. If such assets are considered to be impaired, the impairment to be recognized is measured by the amount by which the carrying value of the assets exceeds the fair value of the assets. 32 Voxx’s goodwill totaled $74,320 as of February 28, 2022. Goodwill is tested for impairment as of the last day of each fiscal year at the reporting unit level. When testing goodwill for impairment, we have the option to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether the existence of events or circumstances leads to a determination that it is more likely than not that the estimated fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. If we elect to perform a qualitative assessment and determine that an impairment is more likely than not, we are then required to perform the quantitative impairment test; otherwise, no further analysis is required. Under the qualitative assessment, we consider various qualitative factors, including macroeconomic conditions, relevant industry and market trends, cost factors, overall financial performance, other entity-specific events, and events affecting the reporting unit that could indicate a potential change in fair value of our reporting unit or the composition of its carrying values. We also consider the specific future outlook for the reporting unit. We also may elect not to perform the qualitative assessment and instead, proceed directly to the quantitative impairment test. Application of the goodwill impairment test requires judgment, including the identification of reporting units, assignment of assets and liabilities to reporting units, assignment of goodwill to reporting units, and estimation of the fair value of each reporting unit. Based on the Company's goodwill impairment assessment, all the reporting units with goodwill had estimated fair values as of February 28, 2022 that exceeded their carrying values. As a result of the annual assessment, no impairment charges were recorded related to goodwill during Fiscal 2022, Fiscal 2021, or Fiscal 2020. Goodwill allocated to our Klipsch, Invision, Rosen, VSM, DEI, and Onkyo reporting units was 62.6% ($46,533), 9.9% ($7,372), 1.2% ($880), 0.8% ($572), 2.2% ($1,600), and 23.4% ($17,363), respectively. The fair values of the Klipsch, Invision, DEI, and Onkyo reporting units are greater than their carrying values by approximately 53.4% ($26,126), 76.1% ($7,286), 54.7% ($12,022) and 45.7% ($3,228), respectively, as of February 28, 2022. The quantitative assessment utilizes either an income approach, a market approach, or a combination of these approaches to determine the fair value of its reporting units. These approaches have a degree of uncertainty. The income approach employs a discounted cash flow model to value the reporting unit as part of its impairment test. This impairment test involves the use of accounting estimates and assumptions, changes in which could materially impact our financial condition or operating performance if actual results differ from such estimates and assumptions. The critical assumptions in the discounted cash flow model are revenues, operating margins, working capital and a discount rate (developed using a weighted average cost of capital analysis). Management exercises judgment in developing these assumptions. Certain of these assumptions are based upon industry projections, facts specific to the reporting unit, market participant assumptions and data, and consideration of our long-term view for the reporting unit and the markets we operate in. The market approach employs market multiples from guideline public companies operating in our industry. Estimates of fair value are derived by applying multiples based on revenue and earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization (“EBITDA”) adjusted for size and performance metrics relative to peer companies. If the Klipsch reporting unit were to experience sales declines, sustained pricing pressures, unfavorable operating margins, lack of new product acceptance by consumers, changes in consumer trends and preferred shopping channels, less than anticipated results for the holiday season, a change in the peer group or performance of the peer companies, an increase to the discount rate, and/or a decrease in our projected long-term growth rates used in the discounted cash flow model, there would be an increased risk of goodwill impairment for the Klipsch reporting unit. If the Invision reporting unit experienced an increase to the discount rate, a lack or delay in new product acceptance, cancellation, or reduction in projected volumes from OEM customers, or a change in projected long-term growth rates used in the discounted cash flow model, there would be an increased risk of goodwill impairment for the Invision reporting unit. If the Rosen, VSM, DEI, and Onkyo reporting units experienced an increase to the discount rate, sales declines, changes in consumer trends, or increases in cost factors, there would be an increased risk of goodwill impairment for the Rosen, VSM, and DEI reporting units. Warranties We offer warranties of various lengths depending upon the specific product. Our standard warranties require us to repair or replace defective product returned by both end users and customers during such warranty period at no cost. We do not sell extended warranties. We record an estimate for warranty related costs in cost of sales, based upon historical experience of actual warranty claims and current information on repair costs and contract terms with certain manufacturers. While warranty costs have historically been within expectations and the provisions established, we cannot guarantee that we will continue to experience the same warranty return rates or repair costs that have been experienced in the past. A significant increase in product return rates, or a significant increase in the costs to repair products, could have a material adverse impact on our operating results. 33 Income Taxes We account for income taxes in accordance with the guidance issued under Statement ASC 740, "Income Taxes" (“ASC 740”) with consideration for uncertain tax positions. We record a valuation allowance to reduce our deferred tax assets to the amount of future tax benefit that is more likely than not to be realized. Income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying values of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax basis and operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. In evaluating our ability to recover our deferred tax assets within the jurisdiction from which they arise, we consider all positive and negative evidence including the results of recent operations, scheduled reversal of deferred tax liabilities, future taxable income, and tax planning strategies. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled (see Note 8). The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities from a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. The Company accounts for uncertain tax positions in accordance with the authoritative guidance issued under ASC 740, which addresses the determination of whether tax benefits claimed or expected to be claimed on a tax return should be recorded in the financial statements. The Company may recognize the tax benefit from an uncertain tax position only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefits recognized in the financial statements from such position should be measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than fifty percent likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement. The Company provides loss contingencies for federal, state, and international tax matters relating to potential tax examination issues, planning initiatives and compliance responsibilities. The development of these reserves requires judgments about tax issues, potential outcomes, and timing, which if different, may materially impact the Company's financial condition and results of operations. The Company classifies interest and penalties associated with income taxes as a component of Income tax expense (benefit) on the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive (Loss) Income. Results of Operations Included in Item 8 of this annual report on Form 10-K are the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of February 28, 2022 and February 28, 2021 and the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive (Loss) Income, Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity and Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended February 28, 2022, February 28, 2021 and February 29, 2020. In order to provide the reader meaningful comparisons, the following analysis provides comparisons of the audited year ended February 28, 2022 with the audited year ended February 28, 2021, and the audited year ended February 28, 2021 with the audited year ended February 29, 2020. We analyze and explain the differences between periods in the specific line items of the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive (Loss) Income. Year Ended February 28, 2022 Compared to the Years Ended February 28, 2021 and February 29, 2020 Continuing Operations The tables presented in this section set forth, for the periods indicated, certain Statement of Operations data for the years ended February 28, 2022 ("Fiscal 2022"), February 28, 2021 ("Fiscal 2021") and February 29, 2020 ("Fiscal 2020"). Net Sales Automotive Electronics Consumer Electronics Biometrics Corporate Total net sales Fiscal 2022 Fiscal 2021 Fiscal 2020 $ $ 200,594 $ 433,925 882 519 635,920 $ 163,903 $ 398,263 836 603 563,605 $ 114,154 279,675 461 599 394,889 34 Fiscal 2022 compared to Fiscal 2021 Automotive Electronics sales, which include both OEM and aftermarket automotive electronics, represented 31.5% of the net sales for the year ended February 28, 2022, compared to 29.1% in the prior year and increased $36,691 for the year ended February 28, 2022 as compared to the prior year. The primary driver of the sales increase in this segment was sales of aftermarket security products related to the Company’s DEI subsidiary, established in connection with the Company’s acquisition in July 2020. These sales increased approximately $18,600 for the year ended February 28, 2022 to a total of approximately $66,700, as a result of twelve full months of sales included for Fiscal 2022 as compared to five months during the comparable Fiscal 2021 year. The Company’s OEM rear seat entertainment sales experienced a net increase of approximately $13,300 during the year ended February 28, 2022, primarily as a result of the start of new rear seat entertainment programs with Stellantis, Ford, and Nissan that were not present in the prior year. This was offset by a decline in sales for one of the Company’s rear-seat entertainment programs that ended during Fiscal 2022, as well as delays resulting from the global chip shortage. Sales of OEM automotive safety electronics also increased approximately $4,900 for the year ended February 28, 2022, as a result of rebounding sales following the COVID-19 shut-downs of automotive manufacturers. In addition, the Company’s aftermarket security products, which include aftermarket remote starts, and aftermarket rear seat entertainment products increased by approximately $1,300 and $1,100, respectively, for the year ended February 28, 2022, due to rebounding sales following the prior year COVID-19 shut-downs, as well as due to current year component shortages that caused some customers to purchase product earlier in order to avoid future stock outages. Finally, sales of aftermarket accessory products increased approximately $1,100 for the year ended February 28, 2022 due to the successful launch of new soundbars for club cars during the second quarter of the fiscal year. As an offset to these increases, the Company experienced a decrease in sales of satellite radio products during the year ended February 28, 2022 of approximately $2,200, as a result of inventory shortages, which have negatively affected the Company’s ability to fulfill orders. Sales of OEM security products also declined approximately $2,000 as a result of chip shortages and the end of one if the Company’s customer remote start programs. Finally, the Company experienced a decline in sales of aftermarket safety products of approximately $1,100 due primarily to low inventories of vehicles in which these products are generally installed. Consumer Electronics sales represented 68.2% of net sales for the year ended February 28, 2022 as compared to 70.7% in the prior year and increased $35,662 for the year ended February 28, 2022 as compared to the year ended February 28, 2021. The Company’s 11TC subsidiary contributed to an increase in sales of approximately $45,700 for the year ended February 28, 2022 to a total of approximately $59,400. 11TC began selling Onkyo and Pioneer products through distribution agreements during the third quarter of Fiscal 2021 and during the third quarter of Fiscal 2022, the Company completed an acquisition of certain assets of the Onkyo Home Entertainment business with its joint venture partner, resulting in the establishment of the Company’s Onkyo subsidiary. Sales of Onkyo and Pioneer products under the distribution agreements were only present for three months during the prior year period. Within Europe, the Company experienced net increases in its premium audio product and accessories sales of approximately $3,800 as a result of improved online sales, improved export business sales, and better product mix, as well as due to the partial lifting of COVID-19 restrictions during the year ended February 28, 2022, although some restrictions were still noted to be in place during Fiscal 2022. This was offset by sales declines resulting from the absence of trade shows and the loss of certain customer connections due to remaining COVID-19 restrictions that have prevented in-person sales and meetings. The Company also experienced improvements of approximately $1,700 related to wireless accessory speakers during the year ended February 28, 2022, due to the rebound in sales following nationwide COVID-19 brick and mortar business closures and delayed customer orders during the year ended February 28, 2021. Offsetting these increases, the Company experienced declining sales of accessory products, which include hook-up and reception products, totaling approximately $9,600 during the year ended February 28, 2022, as several of these products saw an increase during the comparable prior year period due to the significant number of people working from home during the COVID-19 pandemic. During Fiscal 2022, sales of these products have returned to pre-COVID levels. Additionally, sales of premium wireless speaker products decreased approximately $4,900 during the year ended February 28, 2022 primarily as a result of chip shortages that have caused product backorders, vendor delays, and shipping container and vessel shortages, as well as due to large load in sales of speaker products at warehouse club channels during the year ended February 28, 2021 that did not repeat in the current year. Finally, sales of premium mobility products decreased approximately $2,100 due to many discounted, end of life products sold during Fiscal 2022 in comparison to the prior year when these products were 35 newer to the market and selling at higher prices. New lines of mobility products have been delayed as a result of product, vendor, and shipping delays. Biometrics represented 0.1% of our net sales for both of the years ended February 28, 2022 and February 28, 2021 and sales increased in the segment by $46 for the year ended February 28, 2022 as compared to the prior year. Sales for the year ended February 28, 2022 have increased due to product mix, including sales of the NIXT product, which the Company began selling during the second half of Fiscal 2021. The NIXT product can be optionally fitted with iTEMP, a product that can take an individual’s temperature before allowing iris access. During Fiscal 2022, the Company has also begun selling NIXT, iTemp, and NEXT products under the distribution agreement signed with GalvanEyes LLC in April 2021. Fiscal 2021 compared to Fiscal 2020 Automotive Electronics sales, which include both OEM and aftermarket automotive electronics, represented 29.1% of the net sales for the year ended February 28, 2021, compared to 28.9% in the prior year. Sales in this segment increased $49,749 for the year ended February 28, 2021, as compared to the prior year. The primary driver of sales increases in this segment was sales of OEM and aftermarket products related to the Company’s VSM and DEI subsidiaries, established in connection with the Company’s acquisitions in the fourth quarter of Fiscal 2020 and the second quarter of Fiscal 2021, respectively. Sales from these two new subsidiaries totaled approximately $71,000 and comprised approximately 43% of the segment’s sales for the year ended February 28, 2021. In the prior year, the Company’s VSM subsidiary contributed approximately $2,300 of sales to the Automotive Electronics segment. The Company also saw an increase in sales of its aftermarket security and remote start products of approximately $3,600 during the year ended February 28, 2021, partly due to a boost in demand following business re-openings after the COVID-19 shut-downs, as purchases could not be made by customers during the shutdowns. Offsetting these increases, the segment experienced sales declines in certain product lines during the year ended February 28, 2021 related to the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as certain other factors. The Company experienced a net decrease in sales of OEM rear seat entertainment products totaling approximately $10,300 due to several automotive manufacturing plant shut-downs beginning in March 2020 as a result of COVID-19, including Ford, GM, FCA, and Subaru. Many plants began to gradually re-open during the second quarter of our fiscal year, and while some of the programs have begun to ramp up production again, others have yet to return to pre-COVID levels, thus negatively impacting sales for the year. Additionally, OEM rear seat entertainment sales were negatively impacted during the year ended February 28, 2021 by the cancellation of a program with one of the Company’s larger customers that had been in production during the prior year. This was partially offset by the successful launch of a new program with a customer in October 2020. The Company’s OEM remote start sales decreased approximately $6,200 during the year ended February 28, 2021 as a result of an increase in the use of Tier 1 factory installed remote start products by many automotive manufacturers (which the Company does not sell) over accessory level remote starts. This has negatively impacted the Company’s sales to certain of its OEM remote start customers. Sales of aftermarket rear seat entertainment products also decreased during the year ended February 28, 2021 by approximately $2,700 due to the COVID-19 related shutdowns of car dealerships and other brick and mortar businesses during the first quarter of the year, followed by stock-outages of several products, which continued to negatively impact sales through the remainder of the fiscal year. Finally, satellite radio fulfillment sales decreased approximately $900 during the year ended February 28, 2021 both as a result of business shut-downs during COVID-19, as well as due to the fact that most new vehicles include this product as a standard option. Consumer Electronics sales represented 70.7% of net sales for the year ended February 28, 2021 as compared to 70.8% in the prior year. Sales increased $118,588 for the year ended February 28, 2021 as compared to the prior year due primarily to the positive sales and promotion of several of the Company’s premium audio products. During Fiscal 2021, the Company experienced greater consumer demand and achieved market share growth in its premium home theater, subwoofer, and premium wireless categories, launching a new premium wireless computer speaker system and selling many of its products through warehouse club channels, as well as through online platforms, which resulted in an increase of approximately $118,400 in sales for the year ended February 28, 2021. The Company’s newly formed subsidiary, 11 Trading Company LLC, also began selling Onkyo and Pioneer products through new distribution agreements during the third quarter of the fiscal year, contributing to an increase of approximately $13,700 in sales for the year ended February 28, 2021. Within Europe, the Company experienced stronger online sales during year ended February 28, 2021 of approximately $6,300 due to many consumers shopping from home during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as an increase in sales in its Do It Yourself (“DIY”) line of products, a new sales channel of discount retailers, and a shift in focus of premium audio products in Europe 36 from low margin to traditional home theater products. Offsetting these sales increases were decreases in sales related to the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as other factors. The Company experienced decreases in sales of approximately $12,200 in certain consumer electronic and accessory products for the year ended February 28, 2021, such as reception products, remotes, wireless speakers, and other power products, primarily due to nationwide brick and mortar business closures and delayed customer orders related to the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as due to the Company’s continuing rationalization of SKUs for certain of these products, with the goal of limiting sales of lower margin products. There was also a decrease in sales of the Company’s premium commercial speaker products of approximately $3,100 due to the shut-down of cinemas during the pandemic. Additionally, the Company experienced a decrease in sales of its motion products during the year ended February 28, 2021 of approximately $2,700, as one of the Company’s healthcare programs ended during the fiscal year, and there was a decrease in sales of smart home security products of approximately $800, as the Company began exiting this category during Fiscal 2020. Finally, product sales in the Company’s rest of world locations declined approximately $700 as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic due to overseas lockdowns and customer order delays and cancellations. Biometrics represented 0.1% of our net sales for both of the years ended February 28, 2021 and February 29, 2020 and sales increased in the segment by $375 for the year ended February 28, 2021 as compared to the prior year. This segment experienced an increase in product sales for the year ended February 28, 2021 due to increased sales of its EXT outdoor perimeter access product, and the updated version of its Nano NXT perimeter access product, both of which launched in the second quarter of Fiscal 2020. Additionally, the Company began selling its NIXT product during the year ended February 28, 2021, which can be optionally fitted with iTEMP, a product that can take an individual’s temperature before allowing iris access. Gross Profit and Gross Margin Percentage Automotive Electronics Consumer Electronics Biometrics Corporate Fiscal 2022 compared to Fiscal 2021 Fiscal 2022 Fiscal 2021 Fiscal 2020 47,296 $ 23.6% 121,511 28.0% 185 21.0% 486 169,478 $ 26.7% 39,296 $ 24.0% 118,866 29.8% (191) -22.8% 576 158,547 $ 28.1% 23,131 20.3% 86,588 31.0% (160) -34.7% 217 109,776 27.8% $ $ Gross margins in the Automotive Electronics segment decreased 40 basis points for the year ended February 28, 2022. The increased cost of materials and shipping, as well as increases in tariffs included in cost of goods sold, have negatively affected margins during the year ended February 28, 2022 for such items as OEM rear seat entertainment, OEM and aftermarket automotive safety products, and aftermarket accessory products, which the Company has been actively working to mitigate through a combination of sales price adjustments and other sourcing strategies, as such supply chain issues are expected to continue into Fiscal 2023. Additionally, certain new OEM rear seat entertainment products that began selling during the year ended February 28, 2022, and that have positively contributed to sales during the year, have generated lower margins than are normally achieved in this segment. Offsetting these negative margin impacts, sales of aftermarket security products related to the Company’s DEI subsidiary, whose products have higher profit margins than those typically achieved by the segment, have contributed positively to margins during the year ended February 28, 2022. Sales from DEI were present in the prior year period for only five months, as it was established in July 2020, and therefore these sales increased significantly for the year ended February 28, 2022 as compared the prior year. The decrease in sales of satellite radio products for the year ended February 28, 2022, which typically generate lower margins for the Company, also contributed positively to margins overall. Gross margins in the Consumer Electronics segment decreased 180 basis points for the year ended February 28, 2022 compared to the prior year. The primary driver of the decline during the year ended February 28, 2022 has 37 been significant increases to container costs and surcharges affecting cost of sales for many of the products within the segment, which the Company is actively working to mitigate through pricing adjustments and other sourcing strategies, as such supply chain issues are expected to continue into Fiscal 2023. Offsetting these negative margin impacts, sales from the Company’s 11 Trading Company subsidiary positively impacted margins for the year, as these sales were present for only three months of the prior year comparable period and have therefore increased significantly for the year ended February 28, 2022. In addition, the Company saw declines in sales of certain of its premium speaker products sold through warehouse club channels during the year ended February 29, 2022. As these products have been sold at lower margins than those typically associated with the Company’s premium audio products, the decline in sales have contributed positively to the segment’s margins for the year ended February 28, 2022. Gross margins in the Biometrics segment improved for the year ended February 28, 2022 compared to the prior year. During the year ended February 28, 2021, the Company reduced pricing on many products, which helped generate sales in the prior year, but resulted in lower margins for the segment. Additionally, the Company incurred more tooling and effective repair costs during the year ended February 28, 2021 as compared to the current year, as well as incurred inventory obsolescence charges for certain products, which contributed negatively to margins in the prior year. Fiscal 2021 compared to Fiscal 2020 Gross margins in the Automotive Electronics segment increased 370 basis points for the year ended February 28, 2021. The primary driver of the margin increases in this segment has been sales of OEM and aftermarket products related to the Company’s VSM and DEI subsidiaries, whose products have higher profit margins than those typically achieved by the segment. DEI’s sales were not present in the prior year, and VSM contributed to sales for one month of Fiscal 2020, or 2% of the segment’s sales. The increase in sales of higher margin aftermarket remote start and security products also contributed positively to the segment’s margins during the year ended February 28, 2021. Offsetting these positive impacts, the decline in sales of higher margin OEM security and remote start products during the year ended February 28, 2021, due to the shift in demand from accessory level remote starts to production level, factory installed remote starts, caused a decline in margins. In addition, there was a decline in aftermarket headrest sales during the year ended February 28, 2021, which typically generate higher margins for the segment and thus had a negative impact on margins for the year. Gross margins in the Consumer Electronics segment decreased 120 basis points for the year ended February 28, 2021 compared to the prior year. Margin declines during the year ended February 28, 2021 were primarily driven by the Company’s newest line of premium wireless computer speakers, as well as other premium audio products sold through warehouse club channels, which have contributed positively to sales, but have been sold at lower margins than those typically associated with the Company’s premium wireless speaker products. The Company’s premium headphone margins also negatively impacted the segment’s overall margins during the year ended February 28, 2021 due to close out sales of certain older products in preparation for the launch of its newest line of wireless earbuds, which contributed to an increase in sales of these product, but a decline in the margins. Additionally, although sales in Europe have increased during the year ended February 28, 2021, the increase in sales generated from a new sales channel of discount retail customers has generated lower margins and has had a negative impact on the year. As an offset to these negative impacts, the segment has experienced margin increases during the year ended February 28, 2021 due to factors including a shift in focus of premium audio products in Europe from low margin to traditional home theater products. Additionally, while the Company experienced decreases in sales of certain product lines during the year ended February 28, 2021, such as reception products and remotes, the margins earned on these products improved as compared to the prior year due to the movement of production out of China. Gross margins in the Biometrics segment improved for the year ended February 28, 2021 compared to the prior year. The increase in margins for the year ended February 28, 2021 was primarily a result of prior year events that negatively impacted the segment’s margins in Fiscal 2020. Certain tooling and defective repair costs incurred during the year ended February 29, 2020, as well as the provision of beta samples to certain customers at no cost during the prior year, negatively impacted Fiscal 2020 margins. A large sale made at a loss during the year ended February 29, 2020 also caused lower margins in the prior year. During the year ended February 28, 2021, the Company provided more onsite and remote support to customers, which generates higher margins for the segment. Offsetting these positive margin impacts for the year ended February 28, 2021 has been the reduction in pricing on certain products, which has helped to drive higher sales in Fiscal 2021 but has resulted in lower margins for the segment. In addition, 38 the release of inventory reserves in the prior year had a positive impact on the segment’s gross margin in Fiscal 2020, thus negatively impacting the current year margin comparisons. Operating Expenses Operating Expenses: Selling General and administrative Engineering and technical support Acquisition costs Intangible asset impairment charges Total Operating Expenses Fiscal 2022 compared to Fiscal 2021 Fiscal 2022 Fiscal 2021 Fiscal 2020 $ 50,507 $ 75,955 31,540 3,552 — $ 161,554 $ 43,786 $ 69,798 20,897 287 1,300 136,068 $ 39,319 68,873 21,602 55 30,230 160,079 The Company experienced an overall increase in operating expenses of $25,486 for Fiscal 2022 as compared to Fiscal 2021. For the year ended February 28, 2022, selling expenses increased $6,721. This increase was primarily attributable to higher salary expenses during the year ended February 28, 2022, as compared to the prior year. Salary and related payroll expenses increased approximately $4,000 due primarily to the additional headcount created by the September 2021 and July 2020 acquisitions resulting in the establishment of the Company’s Onkyo and DEI subsidiaries, respectively, as well as new hires related to the 11 Trading Company and Australia PAC subsidiaries established in the second quarter of Fiscal 2021 and first quarter of Fiscal 2022, respectively. Salary expense also increased as a result of the absence of COVID-19 related furloughs that were present in the comparable prior year. Advertising expenses and web fees increased approximately $1,600 for the year ended February 28, 2022, due to increased advertising, promotions, and social media presence in response to higher online traffic and sales, the lifting of COVID-19 related cost cutting measures, as well as due to the increased price of web advertising compared to the prior year. Credit card fees increased approximately $700 during the year ended February 28, 2022, due primarily to sales generated by the Company’s new DEI subsidiary, as its telematic subscription sales are paid by customers through credit card transactions. Additionally, a larger number of customers have gradually begun using credit cards to pay for orders than in prior periods across the entire Company. The Company also saw an increase in commission expense of approximately $500, as a result of the increase in the Company’s sales for the year ended February 28, 2022 as compared to prior year. Finally, the Company experienced an increase in travel expenses for the year ended February 28, 2022 of approximately $500 due to the lifting of some of the Company’s COVID-19 related restrictions which have allowed salesmen to begin traveling to customer sites again. Offsetting these increases in selling expenses for the year ended February 28, 2022 was a decrease in trade show expenses of approximately $500, as some trade shows have continued to be either cancelled or held virtually due to the COVID-19 pandemic and only began to return to in person attendance during the second half of Fiscal 2022, where the Company had lower spending and smaller booths for the first year post-COVID. General and administrative expenses increased $6,157 during the year ended February 28, 2022, as compared to the prior year period. Professional fees increased approximately $3,100 for the year ended February 28, 2022 due to increased litigation fees related primarily to an arbitration case, as well as consulting fees related to the EyeLock distribution agreement with GalvanEyes LLC, and legal and professional fees related to the Company’s newest 11 Trading Company and Australia PAC subsidiaries established in the second quarter of Fiscal 2021 and the first quarter of Fiscal 2022, respectively. Professional fees were also higher during the year ended February 28, 2022, due to the lifting of many COVID-19 related restrictions, as both the Company and many of its professional service providers had temporary office closures during the year ended February 28, 2021, or provided fee concessions as a result of the pandemic that did not repeat in the current year. Office and occupancy expenses increased approximately $1,700 in total for the year ended February 28, 2022, due to costs related to the Company’s new Onkyo subsidiary resulting from the September 2021 acquisition and a full year of DEI expenses resulting from the July 2020 acquisition. The Company has also returned to normal operations after the lifting of COVID-19 related restrictions, with all of the Company’s locations open and operating, resulting in further increases to office and 39 occupancy costs. Depreciation and amortization expense also increased approximately $1,400 due to additional expense related to the Company’s Onkyo subsidiary and a full year of expense related to DEI. Additionally, bad debt expense increased approximately $500 for the year ended February 28, 2022 due primarily to the prior year recovery of a receivable balance that did not recur in the current year. Finally, insurance expense, as well as fees related to taxes and licensing both increased approximately $200 each during the year ended February 28, 2022 due to the establishment of Company’s Onkyo subsidiary in September 2021, as well as the DEI, 11 Trading Company, and PAC Australia subsidiaries, and additional licenses obtained and higher insurance premiums incurred related to cyber security. As an offset to these increases in general and administrative expense, the Company experienced a decrease in salary and related payroll expenses of approximately $1,200 during the year ended February 28, 2022, due primarily to lower bonus accruals as compared to the prior year based on Company profitability. Engineering and technical support expenses increased $10,643 for the year ended February 28, 2022, as compared to the prior year period. The Company experienced an increase in direct labor and related payroll tax expense of approximately $6,400 for the year ended February 28, 2022, as a result of additional headcount created by the July 2020 and September 2021 acquisitions resulting in the establishment of the Company’s DEI and Onkyo subsidiaries, respectively, as well as due to higher reimbursement of engineering labor expense in the prior year, and the absence of Company-wide furloughs that were in place during the year ended February 28, 2021. The Company also experienced a net increase in research and development expense of approximately $4,200 for the year ended February 28, 2022, primarily as a result of the Company’s product development projects related to its new Onkyo subsidiary in the Consumer Electronics segment, and within the Automotive Electronics segment related to projects for Stellantis and Ford, as well as due to additional headcount within the Biometrics segment. This was offset by decreases related to certain Consumer Electronics projects in development during the prior year that have been completed. Acquisition costs increased $3,265 for the year ended February 28, 2022, as compared to the prior year. During the year ended February 28, 2022, acquisition costs incurred were related to consulting and due diligence fees for the asset purchase agreement signed with Onkyo Home Entertainment Corporation and the joint venture created with Sharp Corporation to complete the transaction. This transaction was completed on September 8, 2021. In the prior year, acquisition costs incurred were related to the Company’s VSHC and DEI acquisitions, completed in January 2020 and July 2020, respectively. In connection with its annual impairment test performed as of the last day of the fourth quarter of Fiscal 2021, the Company determined that one of its trademarks in the Consumer Electronics segment was impaired. The impairment was the result of shortfalls in sales due to reduced demand of the product category. As a result, an impairment charge of $1,300 was recorded for the year ended February 28, 2021. Fiscal 2021 compared to Fiscal 2020 The Company experienced an overall decrease in operating expenses of $24,011 for Fiscal 2021 as compared to Fiscal 2020; however, in the absence of intangible asset impairment charges in both years, operating expenses would have increased by $4,919. Selling expenses have increased $4,467 for the year ended February 28, 2021. This increase was primarily due to increased commission expense of approximately $4,600 as a result of higher sales for the fiscal year. A net increase in salary expense of approximately $1,200 was due to the additional headcount created by acquisitions resulting in the establishment of the VSM and DEI subsidiaries in the fourth quarter of Fiscal 2020 and the second quarter of Fiscal 2021, respectively, as well as additional hires related to the Company’s new 11 Trading Company subsidiary related to distribution agreements for Onkyo and Pioneer products. This was slightly offset by the furlough of certain employees during the fiscal year due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Web advertising and platform expenses increased approximately $1,800 for the year ended February 28, 2021 due to an increase in online traffic, with many consumers working and shopping from home during the mandatory quarantines and business shutdowns throughout the country as a result of the pandemic. Additionally, credit card fees increased approximately $600 primarily as a result of the Company’s DEI subsidiary, established in connection with the Company’s acquisition in the second quarter of Fiscal 2021, whose subscription sales are transacted online. Offsetting these increases in selling expenses for the year ended February 28, 2021 were decreases due to factors directly related to the COVID-19 pandemic, which resulted in the temporary shut-down of many brick and mortar stores and mandatory quarantine orders during the first quarter of our Fiscal 2021 year, with phased re- openings taking place beginning in the second quarter through the remainder of our fiscal year. The elimination of all non-essential travel Company-wide resulted in a 40 decrease in travel and entertainment expenses of approximately $1,700. Additionally, trade show expenses decreased approximately $1,800 as all events were either cancelled or held virtually due to COVID-19. General and administrative expenses increased $925 during the year ended February 28, 2021. Increases in general and administrative expenses were due in part to a net increase in salary expense of approximately $3,300 during the fiscal year. Salary increases were due to higher bonus accruals as a result of the positive performance of the Company for the year ended February 28, 2021, as well as due to increased headcount resulting from the Company’s new DEI and VSM subsidiaries established in the fourth quarter of Fiscal 2020 and the second quarter of Fiscal 2021, respectively. This was offset by the furlough of certain employees during the year ended February 28, 2021, as well as due to the prior year grant of 200,000 fully vested shares of Class A Common Stock to the Company’s Chief Executive Officer in accordance with his employment agreement, which resulted in compensation expense of approximately $800 for the year ended February 29, 2020 that did not repeat in the current fiscal year. Professional fees also increased by approximately $1,000 as a result of certain professional services provided in connection with the establishment of the Company’s new DEI and VSM subsidiaries, and insurance expense increased approximately $400 as a result of the deductible related to an IT security incident in the second quarter of the fiscal year, as well as due to the Company’s new VSM, DEI, and 11 Trading Company LLC subsidiaries. As an offset to these general and administrative expense increases were decreases related to the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as other factors. Depreciation and amortization expense decreased approximately $1,300, net, for the year ended February 28, 2021 as a result of the impairment of certain definite-lived intangible assets at EyeLock in Fiscal 2020, which reduced the amortizable base of these assets. This was offset by increases in depreciation and amortization expense related to newly acquired tangible and intangible assets within the VSM and DEI subsidiaries. Bad debt expense decreased approximately $1,100 as a result of the prior year reserves of certain customers who filed bankruptcy, which did not repeat in the current year, as well as due to the recovery of certain balances during the year ended February 28, 2021 that were previously written off. The elimination of all non-essential travel as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in travel and entertainment expense decreases of approximately $900 for the year ended February 28, 2021. Additionally, office and occupancy expenses decreased approximately $700 due to lower overhead, as certain of the Company’s offices were shut down during the first and second quarters of the fiscal year due to the COVID-19 pandemic, and many re-opened offices have remained at a reduced capacity through the remainder of the fiscal year. Engineering and technical support expenses for the year ended February 28, 2021 declined $705 as compared to the prior year. For the year ended February 28, 2021, furloughs and headcount reductions at many of the Company’s locations related to the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in lower labor expenses of approximately $3,000. The elimination of all non-essential travel as a result of the pandemic also resulted in travel and entertainment expense decreases of approximately $500. These decreases were offset by increases in labor of approximately $2,600 as a result of the Company’s new VSM and DEI subsidiaries established in connection with the Company’s acquisitions in the fourth quarter of Fiscal 2020 and second quarter of Fiscal 2021, respectively. Acquisition costs were $287 for the year ended February 28, 2021, as compared to $55 for the year ended February 29, 2020. During the year ended February 28, 2021, acquisition costs incurred were related to legal and consulting fees related to the Company’s DEI acquisition, completed in July 2020, as well as fees related to the VSHC acquisition that was completed in January 2020. For the year ended February 29, 2020, acquisition costs were related solely to the Company’s January 2020 VSHC acquisition. In connection with its annual impairment test performed as of the last day of the fourth quarter of Fiscal 2021, the Company determined that one of its trademarks in the Consumer Electronics segment was impaired. The impairment was the result of shortfalls in sales due to reduced demand of the product category. As a result, an impairment charge of $1,300 was recorded for the year ended February 28, 2021. 41 In connection with its annual impairment test performed as of the last day of the fourth quarter of Fiscal 2020, the Company determined that several of its indefinite-lived intangible assets within the Consumer Electronics segment, as well as certain indefinite-lived and definite-lived intangible assets within the Biometrics segment were impaired. The impairments within the Consumer Electronics segment were the result of the Company being unable to secure product placement into customer stores, anticipated shortfalls in sales due to economic uncertainty as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, reduced demand from a large traditional brick-and-mortar customer, along with continued declines in the German economy. The impairments within the Biometrics segment were the result of lack of customer acceptance of the related technology, lower than anticipated results, adjusted expectations for demand, and anticipated delays of product deployment with target customers due to economic uncertainty related to the COVID-19 pandemic. The Company recorded total impairment charges of $30,230 for the year ended February 29, 2020 related to these impairments. Other (Expense)Income Interest and bank charges Equity in income of equity investee Interim arbitration award Gain on sale of real property Investment gain Other, net Total other (expense) income Fiscal 2022 compared to Fiscal 2021 Fiscal 2022 Fiscal 2021 Fiscal 2020 $ $ (2,532) $ 7,890 (39,444) — — 323 (33,763) $ (2,979) $ 7,350 — — 42 746 5,159 $ (2,975) 5,174 — 4,057 775 2,332 9,363 Interest and bank charges represent interest expense and fees related to the Company's bank obligations, supply chain financing and factoring agreements, interest related to finance leases, and amortization of debt issuance costs. During the first quarter of Fiscal 2021, the Company made a precautionary borrowing from the Credit Facility of $20,000 related to COVID-19 pandemic concerns. This balance was repaid during the third quarter of Fiscal 2021 and there has been no balance outstanding during the year ended February 28, 2022. This resulted in a decrease in interest expense related to the Credit Facility of $326 for the year ended February 28, 2022 as compared to the prior year. In addition, interest expense was lower during the year ended February 28, 2022 due to the amendment of the Company’s Credit Facility in April 2021, which resulted in a decrease in amortization of debt issuance costs of $298 for the year ended February 28, 2022 as compared to the prior year. As an offset to these decreases in interest expense, the Company’s new Onkyo subsidiary entered into a shareholder loan payable to the Company’s joint venture partner, Sharp, during the third quarter of Fiscal 2022, for which interest expense was incurred during the year ended February 28, 2022 that was not present in the prior year. Equity in income of equity investee represents the Company's share of income from its 50% non-controlling ownership interest in ASA Electronics LLC and Subsidiaries ("ASA"). The increase in income for the year ended February 28, 2022 is due to an increase in ASA net income resulting from improved sales across all of its markets due primarily to the lifting of COVID-19 restrictions on customers and end consumers and an increase in demand for product, offset by an increase in both ocean and air freight costs. For the year ended February 28, 2022, the Company has recorded a charge of $39,444 related to an unfavorable interim arbitration settlement award relating to a breach of contract claim brought against the Company by Seaguard Electronics LLC for a contractual arrangement entered in 2007 for the purchase of products and back-end services. The Company is reviewing its legal options and has moved in the arbitration proceeding to modify the interim award. During the year ended February 28, 2021, a final pay-out of $42 was received representing proceeds from the Fiscal 2018 sale of the Company’s investment in a non-controlled corporation, consisting of shares of the investee’s preferred stock, as a portion of the proceeds had been held back at the time of sale. The payment was recorded as an investment gain for the year ended February 28, 2021. 42 Other, net includes net foreign currency gains or losses, interest income, rental income, and other miscellaneous income and expense. Other, net decreased for the year ended February 28, 2022. During the year ended February 28, 2021, the Company received proceeds from a life insurance policy in the amount of $420 related to an executive who passed away during the first quarter of Fiscal 2021, which was not present in Fiscal 2022. Fiscal 2021 compared to Fiscal 2020 Interest and bank charges represent expenses for the Company's bank obligations and supply chain financing arrangements, interest related to finance leases, and amortization of deferred financing costs. Interest and bank charges were relatively flat comparing the year ended February 28, 2021 to the prior year. During the second half of Fiscal 2020, the Company repaid the entire outstanding balance of its asset-based lending facility in Germany, thus eliminating the interest expense related to this obligation for the year ended February 28, 2021, which was offset by interest paid on the $20,000 precautionary borrowing from the Company’s Credit Facility in Fiscal 2021, which was outstanding from April 2020 through November 2020. Equity in income of equity investee represents the Company's share of income from its 50% non-controlling ownership interest in ASA Electronics, LLC ("ASA"). The increase in income for the year ended February 28, 2021 is due to an increase in ASA’s gross profit, lower overhead, and growth in the RV and marine markets. On September 30, 2019, the Company, through its subsidiary Voxx German Holdings Gmbh (the “Seller”), sold its real property in Pulheim, Germany to CLM S.A. RL (the “Purchaser”) for €10,920. Net proceeds received from the transaction were approximately $9,500 after transactional costs and repayment of the outstanding mortgage. Concurrently with the sale, the Seller entered into an operating lease arrangement with the Purchaser for a small portion of the real property to continue to operate its sales office in Germany. The transaction qualified for sale leaseback accounting in accordance with ASC 842 and the Company recognized a gain on the execution of the sale transaction for the year ended February 29, 2020. During Fiscal 2018, the Company sold its investment in RxNetworks, a non-controlled corporation, consisting of shares of the investee’s preferred stock. Voxx recognized a gain during Fiscal 2018 for the sale of this investment; however, a portion of the cash proceeds were subject to a hold-back provision, which was not included in the gain recognized in Fiscal 2018. During the second quarter of Fiscal 2020, the hold-back provision expired, and the Company received additional proceeds from the sale, recording an investment gain of $775 for the year ended February 29, 2020. A final payout of $42 received in November 2020 was recorded as an investment gain for the year ended February 28, 2021. During the fourth quarter of Fiscal 2019, all of the outstanding common stock of Fathom Systems Inc., a non-controlled corporation in which Voxx was invested, was repurchased by the investee for a price per share significantly below the value when issued. This resulted in a loss on Voxx's investment in Fathom of $530 for the year ended February 28, 2019. Other, net includes net foreign currency gains or losses, interest income, rental income, and other miscellaneous income and expense. Other, net decreased for the year ended February 28, 2021. During the year ended February 28, 2021, interest income decreased $835 primarily as a result of lower interest rates applicable to the Company’s short term money market investments and lower cash balances available for investment during the year. Additionally, the Company had foreign currency losses of $(862) for the year ended February 28, 2021, as compared to foreign currency gains of $405 for the year ended February 29, 2020. Income Tax Provision On March 27, 2020, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security Act (“CARES Act”) was enacted in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Under ASC 740, the effects of changes in tax rates and laws are recognized in the period in which the new legislation is enacted. The CARES Act made various tax law changes including among other things (i) increased the limitation under IRC Section 163(j) for 2019 and 2020 to permit additional expensing of interest; (ii) enacted technical correction so that qualified improvement property can be immediately expensed under IRC Section 168(k) (iii) made modifications to the federal net operating loss rules including permitting federal net operating losses incurred in 2018, 2019, and 2020 to be carried back to the five preceding taxable years in order to generate a refund of previously paid income taxes, and (iv) enhanced recoverability of alternative minimum credit carryforwards. The CARES Act did not have a material impact on the income tax provision. 43 During Fiscal 2022, the Company recorded an income tax provision of $1,626 related to federal, state, and foreign taxes. The Company's effective tax rate of (6.3)% differs from the statutory rate of 21% primarily related to (i) an increase in valuation allowance as the Company could not conclude that all of its US deferred tax assets were realizable on a more-likely-than-not basis; (ii) permanent differences, including the non-controlling interest and a global intangible low tax income (“GILTI”) inclusion; and (iii) state and local taxes. As of February 28, 2022, the Company continued to maintain a valuation allowance against certain U.S. and foreign deferred tax assets as the Company could not conclude that such assets will be realized on a more-likely-than- not basis. Any decline in the valuation allowance could have a favorable impact on our income tax provision and net income in the period in which such determination is made. During Fiscal 2021, the Company recorded an income tax provision of $4,272 related to federal, state, and foreign taxes. The effective tax rate of 15.5% in Fiscal 2021 differs from the statutory rate of 21% primarily related to (i) partial release of its valuation allowance as a result of recent profitability for which certain of the Company’s deferred tax assets became realizable on a more-likely-than-not basis; (ii) permanent differences, including the non- controlling interest and a global intangible low tax income (“GILTI”) inclusion; (iii) foreign derived intangible income deduction; and (iv) state and local taxes. As of February 28, 2021, the Company continued to maintain a valuation allowance against certain U.S. and foreign deferred tax assets as the Company could not conclude that such assets will be realized on a more-likely-than-not basis. Any decline in the valuation allowance could have a favorable impact on our income tax provision and net income in the period in which such determination is made. During Fiscal 2020, the Company recorded an income tax provision of $882 related to federal, state and foreign taxes. The effective tax rate of (2.2)% in Fiscal 2020 differs from the statutory rate of 21% primarily related to (i) current year losses for which limited tax benefit was provided; (ii) permanent differences, including the non-controlling interest and a global intangible low tax income (“GILTI”) inclusion; and (iii) an increase in the valuation allowance recorded against foreign deferred tax assets. During Fiscal 2020, the Company maintained a partial and full valuation allowance against certain U.S. and foreign deferred tax assets as the Company could not conclude that such assets will be realized on a more-likely-than-not basis. Any decline in the valuation allowance could have a favorable impact on our income tax provision and net income in the period in which such determination is made. EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA are not financial measures recognized by GAAP. EBITDA represents net (loss) income, computed in accordance with GAAP, before interest expense and bank charges, taxes, and depreciation and amortization. Adjusted EBITDA represents EBITDA adjusted for stock-based compensation expense, life insurance proceeds, certain non-recurring legal and professional fees, settlements and awards, non-recurring gains, acquisition costs, and impairment charges. Depreciation, amortization, stock-based compensation, and impairment charges are non-cash items. We present EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA in this Form 10-K because we consider them to be useful and appropriate supplemental measures of our performance. Adjusted EBITDA helps us to evaluate our performance without the effects of certain GAAP calculations that may not have a direct cash impact on our current operating performance. In addition, the exclusion of certain costs or gains relating to certain events that occurred during the periods presented allows for a more meaningful comparison of our results from period-to-period. These non-GAAP measures, as we define them, are not necessarily comparable to similarly entitled measures of other companies and may not be an appropriate measure for performance relative to other companies. EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA should not be assessed in isolation from, are not intended to represent, and should not be considered to be more meaningful measures than, or alternatives to, measures of operating performance as determined in accordance with GAAP. 44 Reconciliation of GAAP Net (Loss) Income Attributable to VOXX International Corporation to EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA Net (loss) income attributable to VOXX International Corporation Adjustments: Interest expense and bank charges (1) Depreciation and amortization (1) Income tax expense EBITDA Adjustments: Stock-based compensation Life insurance proceeds Gain on sale of real property Settlement of Hirschmann working capital Investment gain Acquisition costs Non-routine legal fees Interim arbitration award Professional fees related to distribution agreement with GalvanEyes LLC Intangible asset impairment charges (1) Fiscal 2022 Fiscal 2021 Fiscal 2020 $ (22,333) $ 26,767 $ (26,443) 1,825 12,053 1,626 (6,829) 907 — — — — 3,552 1,912 39,444 325 — 39,311 $ 2,404 10,907 4,272 44,350 1,749 (420) — — (42) 287 — — — 1,300 47,224 $ 2,476 11,175 882 (11,910) 2,282 (1,000) (4,057) 804 (775) 55 — — — 19,543 4,942 Adjusted EBITDA $ (1) For purposes of calculating Adjusted EBITDA for the Company, interest expense, bank charges, depreciation and amortization, and intangible asset impairment charges added back to net (loss) income have been adjusted in order to exclude the minority interest portion of these expenses attributable to EyeLock LLC and Onkyo. Liquidity and Capital Resources Cash Flows, Commitments and Obligations As of February 28, 2022, we had working capital of $126,756 which includes cash and cash equivalents of $27,788 compared with working capital of $172,543 at February 28, 2021, which included cash and cash equivalents of $59,404. The accrual of the interim arbitration award is the primary reason for the decrease in working capital. We plan to utilize our current cash position as well as collections from accounts receivable, the cash generated from our operations, when applicable, and the income on our investments to fund the current operations of the business. However, we may utilize all or a portion of current capital resources to pursue other business opportunities, including acquisitions, or to further pay down our debt. The following table summarizes our cash flow activity for all periods presented: Cash (used in) provided by: Operating activities Investing activities Financing activities Effect of exchange rate changes on cash Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents Year Ended February 28, 2022 Year Ended February 28, 2021 Year Ended February 29, 2020 (2,960) $ (34,308) 5,285 367 (31,616) $ 36,611 $ (13,865) (1,940) 1,173 21,979 $ (1,009) (6,709) (12,593) (500) (20,811) $ $ 45 Net cash used in/provided by operating activities: Operating activities used cash of $2,960 for Fiscal 2022, due to the increase in inventory, as well as due to losses incurred by EyeLock LLC. This was offset primarily by the increase in accounts payable, accrued expenses and current liabilities (resulting from the interim arbitration award), and accrued sales incentives, as well as sales increases. During Fiscal 2021, operating activities provided cash of $36,611, due to factors including sales increases, as well as increases in accounts payable, accrued expenses, and accrued sales incentives. This was offset by increases in inventory and accounts receivable, which were driven by the increases in sales during the fiscal year, as well as due to losses incurred by EyeLock LLC. During Fiscal 2020, operating activities used cash of $1,009, due to factors including sales declines and losses incurred by EyeLock LLC, as well as decreases in accounts payable, accrued expenses, and accrued sales incentives. This was offset by decreases in inventory and accounts receivable, which were driven by the decreases in sales. Net cash used in/provided by investing activities: Investing activities used cash of $34,308 during Fiscal 2022, primarily due to the acquisition of the home audio/video business of Onkyo Home Entertainment Corporation, as well as capital expenditures. Investing activities used cash of $13,865 during Fiscal 2021, primarily due to the acquisition of DEI in July 2020 (see Note 2), as well as capital additions made by the Company. Investing activities used cash of $6,709 during Fiscal 2020, primarily due to the acquisition of VSM in January 2020 (see Note 2), as well as capital additions made by the Company. This was offset by the proceeds received from the sale of the Company’s real property in Pulheim, Germany (see Note 11). Net cash used in/provided by financing activities: Financing activities provided cash of $5,285 during Fiscal 2022, due to proceeds received from the issuance of shares and long-term debt to the non- controlling interest of the Company’s Onkyo joint venture, as well as borrowings under the Company’s Euro asset-based loan in Germany. This was offset by repayments of bank debt and finance leases, the purchase of treasury shares, the payment of withholding taxes on the net issuance of a stock award, and the payment of deferred finance fees related to the amendment of the Credit Facility in April 2021. During Fiscal 2021, financing activities used cash of $1,940, primarily due to the repayment of the Company’s precautionary borrowing of $20,000 from the Credit Facility, payments on the Florida Mortgage, repayments of finance leases, and the payment of deferred finance fees related to the amendment of the Credit Facility in Fiscal 2021, offset by the precautionary borrowing of $20,000 made in April 2020. During Fiscal 2020, financing activities used cash of $12,593 primarily due to the repayment of outstanding bank obligations, including the entire outstanding balance of Voxx Germany’s Euro asset-based lending facility, and the repurchase of shares of the Company’s Class A common stock. The Company has a senior secured credit facility (the "Credit Facility") that provides for a revolving credit facility with committed availability of up to $140,000. The Credit Facility also includes a $30,000 sublimit for letters of credit and a $15,000 sublimit for swingline loans. The availability under the revolving credit line within the Credit Facility is subject to a borrowing base, which is based on eligible accounts receivable, eligible inventory and certain real estate, subject to reserves as determined by the lender, and is also limited by amounts outstanding under the Florida Mortgage (see Note 7(b)). As of February 28, 2022, there was no balance outstanding under the revolving credit facility. The availability under the revolving credit line of the Credit Facility was $127,486 as of February 28, 2022. All amounts outstanding under the Credit Facility will mature and become due on April 19, 2026; however, it is subject to acceleration upon the occurrence of an Event of Default (as defined in the Credit Agreement). The Company may prepay any amounts outstanding at any time, subject to payment of certain breakage and redeployment costs relating to LIBOR Rate Loans. The commitments under the Credit Facility may be irrevocably reduced at any time, without premium or penalty, as set forth in the Credit Facility. 46 Generally, the Company may designate specific borrowings under the Credit Facility as either Base Rate Loans or LIBOR Rate Loans, except that swingline loans may only be designated as Base Rate Loans. Loans under the Credit Facility designated as LIBOR Rate Loans shall bear interest at a rate equal to the then-applicable LIBOR Rate plus a range of 1.75% - 2.25%. Loans under the Credit Facility designated as Base Rate Loans shall bear interest at a rate equal to the applicable margin for Base Rate Loans of 0.75% - 1.25%, as defined in the Credit Facility. Provided that the Company is in a Compliance Period (the period commencing on that day in which Excess Availability is less than 20% of the Maximum Revolver Amount and ending on a day in which Excess Availability is equal to or greater than 20% for any consecutive 30-day period thereafter), the Credit Facility requires compliance with a financial covenant calculated as of the last day of each month, consisting of a Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio. The Credit Facility also contains covenants, subject to defined carveouts, that limit the ability of the loan parties and certain of their subsidiaries which are not loan parties to, among other things: (i) incur additional indebtedness; (ii) incur liens; (iii) merge, consolidate or dispose of a substantial portion of their business; (iv) transfer or dispose of assets; (v) change their name, organizational identification number, state or province of organization or organizational identity; (vi) make any material change in their nature of business; (vii) prepay or otherwise acquire indebtedness; (viii) cause any Change of Control; (ix) make any Restricted Junior Payment; (x) change their fiscal year or method of accounting; (xi) make advances, loans or investments; (xii) enter into or permit any transaction with an Affiliate of any Borrower or any of their Subsidiaries; (xiii) use proceeds for certain items; (xiv) issue or sell any of their stock; or (xv) consign or sell any of their inventory on certain terms. In addition, if excess availability under the Credit Facility were to fall below certain specified levels, as defined in the agreement, the lenders would have the right to assume dominion and control over the Company's cash. As of February 28, 2022, the Company was not in a Compliance Period. The obligations under the Credit Facility are secured by a general lien on and security interest in substantially all of the assets of the borrowers and certain of the guarantors, including accounts receivable, equipment, real estate, general intangibles, and inventory. The Company has guaranteed the obligations of the borrowers under the Credit Facility. The Company has a Euro asset-based loan facility in Germany with a credit limit of €8,000 that expires on July 31, 2023. The Company's subsidiaries Voxx German Holdings GmbH, Oehlbach Kabel GmbH, and Schwaiger GmbH are authorized to borrow funds under this facility for working capital purposes. The Company also utilizes supply chain financing arrangements and factoring agreements from time to time as a component of its financing for working capital, which accelerates receivable collection and helps to better manage cash flow. Under these agreements, the Company has agreed from time to time to sell certain of its accounts receivable balances to banking institutions who have agreed to advance amounts equal to the net accounts receivable balances due, less a discount as set forth in the respective agreements (see Note 1(h)). The balances under these agreements are accounted for as sales of accounts receivable, as they are sold without recourse. Cash proceeds from these agreements are reflected as operating activities included in the change in accounts receivable in the Company's Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. Fees incurred in connection with the agreements are recorded as interest expense by the Company. As noted elsewhere in this report, we expect the COVID-19 pandemic may continue to have an adverse effect on our business. Federal, state, and local governments have taken a variety of actions to contain the spread of COVID-19. Some jurisdictions have required restrictions, including temporary business closures, capacity limitations, and other limitations affecting our operations during Fiscal 2022. We have proactively taken steps to increase available cash including, but not limited to, utilizing existing supply chain financing agreements and amending our Credit Facility in April 2021 in order to both extend the maturity date of the facility and increase our borrowing capacity. 47 Material Cash Requirements The following table summarizes our future material cash requirements from contractual or other obligations at February 28, 2022: Contractual Cash Obligations Finance lease obligations (1) Operating lease obligations (1) Total contractual cash obligations Other Commitments Bank obligations (2) Stand-by letters of credit (3) Other (4) Pension obligation (5) Unconditional purchase obligations (6) Total commercial commitments Total Commitments Amount of Commitment Expiration per Period 1-3 Years Less than 1 Year 4-5 Years After 5 Years Total $ $ $ $ $ 302 $ 4,553 4,855 $ 224 $ 1,255 1,479 $ 78 $ 1,581 1,659 $ — $ 705 705 $ — 1,012 1,012 1,906 $ 50 11,332 258 174,274 187,820 $ 192,675 $ 1,906 $ 50 500 — 174,274 176,730 $ 178,209 $ — $ — 1,000 — — 1,000 $ 2,659 $ — $ — 1,000 — — 1,000 $ 1,705 $ — — 8,832 258 — 9,090 10,102 (1) Represents total principal payments due under finance and operating lease obligations. Total current balances (included in other current liabilities) due under finance and operating leases are $224 and $1,255, respectively, at February 28, 2022. Total long-term balances due under finance and operating leases are $78 and $3,298, respectively at February 28, 2022. (2) Represents amounts outstanding under the Company’s domestic Credit Facility and the VOXX Germany asset-based lending facilities at February 28, 2022. (3) We issue standby letters of credit to secure certain purchases and insurance requirements. These letters of credit are issued during the ordinary course (4) of business through major domestic banks as requested by certain suppliers. This amount represents the outstanding balance of the mortgage for our manufacturing facility in Florida and the shareholder loan payable to Sharp at February 28, 2022. (5) Represents the liability for an employer defined benefit pension plan covering certain eligible current and former employees of VOXX Germany. (6) Open purchase obligations represent inventory commitments. These obligations are not recorded in the consolidated financial statements until commitments are fulfilled and such obligations are subject to change based on negotiations with manufacturers. We regularly review our cash funding requirements and attempt to meet those requirements through a combination of cash on hand, cash provided by operations, available borrowings under bank lines of credit and possible future public or private debt and/or equity offerings. At times, we evaluate possible acquisitions of, or investments in, businesses that are complementary to ours, which transactions may require the use of cash. We believe that our cash, other liquid assets, operating cash flows, credit arrangements, and access to equity capital markets, taken together, provides adequate resources to fund ongoing operating expenditures for the next twelve months, including the intercompany loan funding we provide to our majority owned subsidiary, EyeLock LLC. In the event that they do not, we may require additional funds in the future to support our working capital requirements, or for other purposes, and may seek to raise such additional funds through the sale of public or private equity and/or debt financings, as well as from other sources. No assurance can be given that additional financing will be available in the future or that if available, such financing will be obtainable on terms favorable when required. For further information about COVID-19, refer to “Item 1A. Risk Factors” and “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. 48 Impact of Inflation and Currency Fluctuation While it is difficult to accurately measure the impact of inflation due to the imprecise nature of the estimates required, we have experienced varying levels of inflation during the year ended February 28, 2022, resulting in part from various supply chain disruptions, the global chip shortage, increased shipping and transportation costs, increased product costs, increased labor costs in the supply chain and other disruptions caused by the COVID‐19 pandemic and the uncertain economic environment. The Company has been actively working to mitigate these factors through a combination of sales price adjustments and other sourcing strategies, as such issues are expected to continue into Fiscal 2023. Severe increases in inflation could affect the global and U.S. economies and could have an adverse impact on our business, financial condition, and results of operations. Inflation did not have a material impact on our operations for the years ended February 28, 2021 or February 29, 2020. Discussion of the impact of foreign currency fluctuations is included in Item 7A. In accordance with the guidelines in ASC 830, Venezuela is designated as a hyper-inflationary economy. A hyper-inflationary economy designation occurs when a country has experienced cumulative inflation of approximately 100 percent or more over a 3-year period. The hyper-inflationary designation requires our local subsidiary in Venezuela to record all transactions as if they were denominated in U.S. dollars. Net currency exchange gains (losses) were not material for the years ended February 28, 2022, February 28, 2021, and February 29, 2020. All currency exchange gains and losses are included in Other (Expense) Income on the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive (Loss) Income. The Company has certain U. S. dollar denominated assets and liabilities in its Venezuelan subsidiary, including our U.S. dollar denominated intercompany debt, which has been subject to currency fluctuations associated with the devaluation of the Sovereign Bolivar. The Company also has certain long-lived assets in Venezuela, which are held for investment purposes. These long-lived assets had no value as of February 28, 2022. Seasonality We typically experience seasonality in our operations. Our business is significantly impacted by the holiday season, as we generally sell a substantial amount of our products during September, October, and November due to increased promotional and advertising activities during the holiday season. Related Party Transactions On April 29, 2021 EyeLock LLC entered into a three-year exclusive distribution agreement (“the Agreement”) with GalvanEyes LLC, a Florida LLC, managed by Beat Kahli, the largest holder of Voxx’s Class A Common Shares. The Agreement was included in the Company’s Proxy Statement filed on June 17, 2021 and was approved by the Company’s shareholders at the Annual Meeting of Shareholders held on July 29, 2021. See Note 3 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statement of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Recent Accounting Pronouncements We are required to adopt certain new accounting pronouncements. See Note 1(w) of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. 49 Item 7A-Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk The market risk inherent in our financial instruments and positions is the potential loss arising from adverse changes in marketable equity security prices, interest rates and foreign currency exchange rates. Marketable Securities Marketable securities at February 28, 2022, which are related to the Company's deferred compensation plan, are recorded at fair value of $1,231 and have exposure to price fluctuations. This risk is estimated as the potential loss in fair value resulting from a hypothetical 10% adverse change in prices quoted by stock exchanges and amounts to $123 as of February 28, 2022. Actual results may differ. Interest Rate Risk Our earnings and cash flows are subject to fluctuations due to changes in interest rates on investments of available cash balances in money market funds and investment grade corporate and U.S. government securities. In addition, our bank loans expose us to changes in short-term interest rates since interest rates on the underlying obligations are either variable or fixed. In connection with our Florida Mortgage, we have debt outstanding in the amount of $6,614 at February 28, 2022. Interest on the Florida Mortgage is charged at 70% of 1-month LIBOR plus 1.54%. We have an interest rate swap for the Florida Mortgage with a notional amount of $6,614 at February 28, 2022 which locks the interest rate at 3.48% (inclusive of credit spread) through the mortgage end date of March 2026. Foreign Exchange Risk Voxx conducts business in various non-U.S. countries including Germany, Canada, China, Hong Kong, Mexico, Denmark, the Netherlands, France, Australia, and Japan and thus is exposed to market risk for changes in foreign currency exchange rates. As a result, we have exposure to various foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations for revenues generated by our operations outside of the U.S., which can adversely impact our net income and cash flows. A hypothetical 10% adverse change in the foreign currency rates for our international operations would have resulted in a negative impact on sales and net loss of approximately $12,920 and $840, respectively, for the year ended February 28, 2022. While the prices we pay for products purchased from our suppliers are principally denominated in United States dollars, price negotiations depend in part on the foreign currency of foreign manufacturers, as well as market, trade, and political factors. The Company also has exposure related to transactions in which the currency collected from customers is different from the currency utilized to purchase the product sold in its foreign operations, and U. S. dollar denominated purchases in its foreign subsidiaries. The Company enters forward contracts to hedge certain Euro-related transactions. The Company minimizes the risk of nonperformance on the forward contracts by transacting with major financial institutions. During Fiscal 2022, 2021, and 2020, the Company held forward contracts specifically designated for hedging (see Note 1(e) of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements). As of February 28, 2022 and February 28, 2021, unrealized gains (losses) of $233 and $(720), respectively, were recorded in other comprehensive income associated with these contracts. A hypothetical 10% adverse change in the fair value of our forward exchange contracts would have resulted in a negative impact of $32 on the fair value of our forward exchange contracts at February 28, 2021. There were no foreign currency hedge contracts outstanding at February 28, 2022. We are also subject to risk from changes in foreign currency exchange rates from the translation of financial statements of our foreign subsidiaries and for long-term intercompany loans with foreign subsidiaries. These changes result in cumulative translation adjustments, which are included in accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income. At February 28, 2022, we had translation exposure to various foreign currencies with the most significant being the Euro, Canadian Dollar, Japanese Yen, and Mexican Peso. A hypothetical 10% adverse change in the foreign currency exchange rates would result in a negative impact of $32 on Other comprehensive (loss) income for the year ended February 28, 2022. 50 The Company continues to monitor the political and economic climate in Venezuela. The Company did not have any sales in Venezuela for the year ended February 28, 2022 and had no significant cash related assets subject to government foreign exchange controls. The Company's properties held for investment purposes in Venezuela had no value as of February 28, 2022. Item 8-Consolidated Financial Statements and Supplementary Data The information required by this item begins on page 57 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K and is incorporated herein by reference. Item 9-Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure None. Item 9A-Controls and Procedures Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures The Company maintains disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports that the Company files or submits under the Securities and Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in accordance with the SEC's rules and regulations, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management, including its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required financial disclosures. As of the end of the period covered by this report, the Company carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of the Company’s management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of its disclosure controls and procedures pursuant to Securities and Exchange Act Rule 13a-15. Based upon this evaluation as of February 28, 2022, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were deemed to be effective and adequately designed. Management's Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting as such term is defined in the Securities and Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f). The Company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles and includes those policies and procedures that: • • • Pertain to the maintenance of records that in reasonable detail accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the Company; Provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the Company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the Company; and Provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of the Company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements. Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. 51 Under the supervision, and with the participation of the Company’s management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, the Company evaluated the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of February 28, 2022 based on the framework set forth by the 2013 Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (the "2013 COSO Framework"). Based on that evaluation, management concluded that the Company's internal control over financial reporting was effective as of February 28, 2022 based on the criteria established in the 2013 COSO Framework. The certifications of the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer included in Exhibits 31.1 and 31.2 to this Annual Report on Form 10-K includes, in paragraph 4 of such certifications, information concerning the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting. Such certifications should be read in conjunction with the information contained in this Item 9A. Controls and Procedures for a more complete understanding of the matters covered by such certifications. The effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of February 28, 2022 has been audited by Grant Thornton LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm who also audited the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements. Grant Thornton LLP’s report on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting is included below. 52 REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM Board of Directors and Stockholders VOXX International Corporation Opinion on internal control over financial reporting We have audited the internal control over financial reporting of VOXX International Corporation (a Delaware corporation) and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of February 28, 2022, based on criteria established in the 2013 Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”). In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of February 28, 2022, based on criteria established in the 2013 Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by COSO. We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”), the consolidated financial statements of the Company as of and for the year ended February 28, 2022, and our report dated May 16, 2022 expressed an unqualified opinion on those financial statements. Basis for opinion The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB. We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion. Definition and limitations of internal control over financial reporting A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements. Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. /s/ GRANT THORNTON LLP Melville, New York May 16, 2022 53 Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting There were no material changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) during the most recently completed fiscal fourth quarter ended February 28, 2022 covered by this report that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting. Item 9B - Other Information Not Applicable Item 9C – Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections Not Applicable The information required by Item 10 (Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance), Item 11 (Executive Compensation), Item 12 (Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters), Item 13 (Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence) and Item 14 (Principal Accountant Fees and Services) of Form 10-K, will be included in our Proxy Statement for the Annual Meeting of Stockholders, which will be filed on or before June 7, 2022, and such information is incorporated herein by reference. PART III Item 15-Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules PART IV (1 and 2) Financial Statements and Financial Statement Schedules. See Index to Consolidated Financial Statements attached hereto. (3) Exhibits. A list of exhibits is included subsequent to Schedule II on page S-1. 54 VOXX INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Financial Statements: Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (PCAOB ID Number 248) Consolidated Balance Sheets as of February 28, 2022 and February 28, 2021 Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive (Loss) Income for the years ended February 28, 2022, February 28, 2021, and February 29, 2020 Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the years ended February 28, 2022, February 28, 2021, and February 29, 2020 Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended February 28, 2022, February 28, 2021, and February 29, 2020 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Financial Statement Schedule: Schedule II - Valuation and Qualifying Accounts Page 56 58 59 60 61 62 110 55 REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM Board of Directors and Stockholders VOXX International Corporation Opinion on the financial statements We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of VOXX International Corporation (a Delaware corporation) and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of February 28, 2022 and 2021, the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive (loss) income, stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended February 28, 2022, and the related notes and financial statement schedule included under Item 15 (collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of February 28, 2022 and 2021, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended February 28, 2022, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”), the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of February 28, 2022, based on criteria established in the 2013 Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”), and our report dated May 16, 2022 expressed an unqualified opinion. Basis for opinion These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB. We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion. Critical audit matters The critical audit matters communicated below are matters arising from the current period audit of the financial statements that were communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relate to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matters below, providing separate opinions on the critical audit matters or on the accounts or disclosures to which they relate. Valuation of the RCA Accessories Trademark As described further in Note 1 to the financial statements, indefinite-lived intangible assets are tested for impairment at least annually in the fourth quarter. We identified the valuation of the RCA Accessories indefinite-lived trademark as a critical audit matter. The principal considerations for our determination that this matter is a critical audit matter are the significant management estimates and judgments related to forecasts of expected future cash flows used in the estimation of fair value. Management’s significant estimates and judgments include assumptions such as forecasted sales, growth rates, terminal growth rates, forecasted operating margins, royalty rates and discount rates used to present value future cash flows which may be based on estimates and assumptions on budgets, anticipated future cash flows and marketplace data. Changes in these assumptions could materially affect the determination of fair value resulting in an impairment charge. Our audit procedures related to the valuation of the RCA Accessories indefinite-lived trademark included the following, among others: • We tested the design and operating effectiveness of management’s controls over the Company’s budgeting process and management’s review of the data used in the valuation model. 56 • • We assessed the Company’s ability to forecast revenue and operating income by comparing: (1) historical revenue and operating income projections to actual results; and (2) comparing current forecasted projections to historical trends, and industry data. With the assistance of valuation professionals with specialized skills and knowledge, we: (1) assessed the appropriateness of the valuation methodology and (2) tested the reasonableness of discount rates and royalty rates used in the valuation model. Accounting for Sales Incentives As described further in Note 1 to the financial statements, the Company offers various sales incentives to its customers, which constitute variable consideration and are recorded as a reduction of revenue. The Company has accrued $23.8 million of sales incentives as of February 28, 2022. Depending on the specific facts and circumstances, the Company utilizes either the most likely amount or expected value methods to estimate the effect of uncertainty on the amount of variable consideration to which the Company would be entitled. The principal considerations for our determination that the accounting for sales incentives is a critical audit matter are that accounting for sales incentives require significant audit effort due to the complexity and volume of the trade promotional programs as well as the subjectivity of estimating future customer claims related to the sales incentive accrual. Significant unanticipated changes in the purchasing volume and the lack of claims from customers could have a significant impact on the liability for sales incentives and reported operating results. Our audit procedures related to the accounting for sales incentives included the following, among others: • • • We tested the design and operating effectiveness of management’s controls over the Company’s sales incentive process and management’s review of the completeness and accuracy of the sales incentive accrual. We tested sales incentives using both analytical procedures and by examining a sample of individual sales incentive transactions. When analytical procedures were performed, we predicted sales incentives based on the relationship of historical information of sales incentives to gross sales. When individual sales incentive transactions were examined, we inspected evidence of the sales incentive agreement with the customer and the amount expected to be realized by the customer. We performed a roll forward of sales incentives, recalculated current year activity, agreed the year-end sales incentives accrual, and summarized sales incentive programs by duration to assess unanticipated changes in the purchasing volume or lack of claims by customers. /s/ GRANT THORNTON LLP We have served as the Company's auditor since 2003. Melville, New York May 16, 2022 57 VOXX International Corporation and Subsidiaries Consolidated Balance Sheets February 28, 2022 and February 28, 2021 (In thousands, except share data) February 28, 2022 February 28, 2021 Assets Current assets: Cash and cash equivalents Accounts receivable, net Inventory, net Receivables from vendors Prepaid expenses and other current assets Income tax receivable Total current assets Investment securities Equity investments Property, plant and equipment, net Operating lease, right of use asset Goodwill Intangible assets, net Deferred income tax assets Other assets Total assets Liabilities, Redeemable Equity, Redeemable Non-Controlling Interest, and Stockholders' Equity Current liabilities: Accounts payable Accrued expenses and other current liabilities Income taxes payable Accrued sales incentives Interim arbitration award payable (Note 15) Contract liabilities, current Current portion of long-term debt Total current liabilities Long-term debt, net of debt issuance costs Finance lease liabilities, less current portion Operating lease liabilities, less current portion Deferred compensation Contingent consideration, less current portion (Note 2) Deferred income tax liabilities Other tax liabilities Other long-term liabilities Total liabilities Commitments and contingencies (Note 15) Redeemable equity (Note 1(u)) Redeemable non-controlling interest (Note 2) Stockholders' equity: Preferred stock: No shares issued or outstanding (Note 9) Common stock: Class A, $.01 par value; 60,000,000 shares authorized, 24,476,847and 24,416,194 shares issued and 21,614,629 and 21,666,976 shares outstanding at February 28, 2022 and February 28, 2021, respectively Class B Convertible, $.01 par value, 10,000,000 shares authorized, 2,260,954 shares issued and outstanding Paid-in capital Retained earnings Accumulated other comprehensive loss Less: Treasury stock, at cost, 2,862,218 and 2,749,218 shares of Class A Common Stock at February 28, 2022 and February 28, 2021, respectively Less: Redeemable equity Total VOXX International Corporation stockholders' equity Non-controlling interest Total stockholders' equity Total liabilities, redeemable equity, redeemable non-controlling interest, and stockholders' equity See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements. 58 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 27,788 105,625 174,922 363 21,340 734 330,772 1,231 21,348 49,794 4,464 74,320 101,450 40 3,245 586,664 76,665 54,659 2,714 23,755 39,444 4,373 2,406 204,016 9,786 78 3,298 1,231 5,750 5,300 1,083 5,959 236,501 3,550 511 59,404 106,165 130,793 277 22,266 434 319,339 1,777 23,267 52,026 4,572 58,311 90,104 99 1,323 550,818 61,826 53,392 1,587 25,313 — 4,178 500 146,796 5,962 302 3,582 1,777 — 6,645 1,170 5,255 171,489 3,260 - — — 245 22 300,453 126,573 (17,503) (25,138) (3,550) 381,102 (35,000) 346,102 586,664 $ 245 22 300,402 148,906 (14,977) (23,918) (3,260) 407,420 (31,351) 376,069 550,818 VOXX International Corporation and Subsidiaries Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive (Loss) Income Years Ended February 28, 2022, February 28, 2021, and February 29, 2020 (In thousands, except share and per share data) Year Ended February 28, 2022 Year Ended February 28, 2021 Year Ended February 29, 2020 $ 635,920 $ 466,442 169,478 563,605 $ 405,058 158,547 Net sales Cost of sales Gross profit Operating expenses: Selling General and administrative Engineering and technical support Acquisition costs Intangible asset impairment charges (Note 1(k)) Total operating expenses Operating income (loss) Other (expense) income: Interest and bank charges Equity in income of equity investee Interim arbitration award (Note 15) Gain on sale of real property (Note 11) Investment gain (Note 1(f)) Other, net Total other (expense) income, net (Loss) income before income taxes Income tax expense Net (loss) income Less: net loss attributable to non-controlling interest Net (loss) income attributable to VOXX International Corporation Other comprehensive (loss) income: Foreign currency translation adjustments Derivatives designated for hedging, net of tax Pension plan adjustments, net of tax Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax Comprehensive (loss) income attributable to VOXX International Corporation Net (loss) income per common share attributable to VOXX International Corporation - basic Net (loss) income per common share attributable to VOXX International Corporation - diluted $ $ $ $ $ 50,507 75,955 31,540 3,552 — 161,554 7,924 (2,532) 7,890 (39,444) — — 323 (33,763) (25,839) 1,626 (27,465) $ (5,132) (22,333) $ (3,317) 633 158 (2,526) (24,859) $ (0.92) $ (0.92) $ 43,786 69,798 20,897 287 1,300 136,068 22,479 (2,979) 7,350 — — 42 746 5,159 27,638 4,272 23,366 $ (3,401) 26,767 $ 4,365 (305) 18 4,078 30,845 $ 1.11 $ 1.09 $ 394,889 285,113 109,776 39,319 68,873 21,602 55 30,230 160,079 (50,303) (2,975) 5,174 — 4,057 775 2,332 9,363 (40,940) 882 (41,822) (15,379) (26,443) (1,517) (505) (89) (2,111) (28,554) (1.08) (1.08) Weighted-average common shares outstanding (basic) Weighted-average common shares outstanding (diluted) 24,287,179 24,287,179 24,201,221 24,650,106 24,394,663 24,394,663 See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements. 59 VOXX International Corporation and Subsidiaries Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity Years Ended February 28, 2022, February 28, 2021, and February 29, 2020 (In thousands, except share data) Class A and Class B Common Stock Paid-in Capital Retained Earnings Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income Non- controlling Interests 264 $ 296,946 $ 148,582 $ (26,443) — — — — — (16,944) $ — (2,111) (12,571) $ (15,379) — Total Stock- holders' Equity Redeemable Equity $ — $ — — 395,101 (41,822) (2,111) Treasury Stock (21,176) — — — — — — — — (745) (745) — 2 266 — — 2,282 299,228 — — — 122,139 26,767 — — (19,055) — — — (27,950) (3,401) (2,742) — (23,918) — — (1,736) (2,481) — (2,742) 548 348,229 23,366 — — — 4,078 — — — 4,078 — 1 267 — — (575) 1,749 300,402 — — — — 148,906 (22,333) — — — (14,977) — (2,526) — — (31,351) (3,649) — — — (23,918) — — — (779) (3,260) — — (575) 971 376,069 (25,982) (2,526) — (856) — — — — — (856) — — — — — 907 267 $ 300,453 $ 126,573 $ — — (17,503) $ — — (35,000) $ (1,220) — (25,138) $ — (290) (3,550) $ (1,220) 617 346,102 See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements. 60 Balances at February 28, 2019 $ Net loss Other comprehensive loss, net of tax Reclassification of stockholders' equity to redeemable equity (Note 1(u)) Repurchase of 581,124 shares of Class A Common Stock Stock-based compensation expense Balances at February 29, 2020 Net income (loss) Other comprehensive income, net of tax Settlement of SERP restricted stock units Stock-based compensation expense Balances at February 28, 2021 Net loss Other comprehensive loss, net of tax Settlement of 60,693 shares of Class A Common Stock upon vesting of stock awards, net of withholding taxes Repurchase of 113,000 shares of Class A Common Stock Stock-based compensation expense Balances at February 28, 2022 $ VOXX International Corporation and Subsidiaries Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows Years Ended February 28, 2022, February 28, 2021, and February 29, 2020 (Amounts in thousands) Cash flows from operating activities: Net (loss) income Adjustments to reconcile net (loss) income to net cash (used in) provided by operating activities: Depreciation and amortization Amortization of deferred financing costs Intangible asset impairment charges Bad debt expense (recovery) Reduction in the carrying amount of the right of use asset Loss (gain) on forward contracts Equity in income of equity investee Distribution of income from equity investees Deferred income tax (benefit) expense, net Gain (loss) on disposal of property, plant and equipment Non-cash compensation adjustment Non-cash stock-based compensation expense Gain on investment Changes in operating assets and liabilities (net of assets and liabilities) acquired): Accounts receivable Inventory Receivables from vendors Prepaid expenses and other Investment securities-equity Accounts payable, accrued expenses, accrued sales incentives and other current liabilities Income taxes receivable/payable Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities Cash flows from investing activities: Purchases of property, plant and equipment Proceeds from sale of property, plant and equipment Proceeds from sale of long-term investment Purchase of acquired businesses (Note 2) Net cash used in investing activities Cash flows from financing activities: Borrowings from bank obligations Repayments on bank obligations Principal payments on finance lease obligations Deferred financing costs Withholding taxes paid on net issuance of stock award Settlement of restricted stock units Proceeds of the issuance of subsidiary shares to non-controlling interest Proceeds of the issuance of long-term debt to non-controlling interest Purchase of treasury stock Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities Effect of exchange rate changes on cash Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year Cash and cash equivalents at end of year Supplemental Cash Flow Information: Non-cash investing and financing activities: Adjustments to goodwill due to measurement period adjustments, net Contingent purchase price consideration in connection with business acquisition Settlement of debt with receivables Change in redeemable equity Reclassification of stockholders' equity to redeemable equity Right of use assets obtained in exchange for operating lease obligations Property, plant, and equipment obtained in exchange for finance lease obligations Right of use assets recorded in exchange for operating lease obligations upon the adoption of ASC 842 Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities: Operating cash flows from operating leases Operating cash flows from finance leases Financing cash flows from finance leases Cash paid during the period for: Interest, excluding bank charges Income taxes (net of refunds) Year Ended February 28, 2022 Year Ended February 28, 2021 Year Ended February 29, 2020 $ (27,465 ) $ 23,366 $ (41,822 ) 12,398 272 - 222 1,383 209 (7,890 ) 9,809 (1,339 ) 1 (546 ) 907 - (1,244 ) (45,115 ) (89 ) (1,610 ) 546 55,719 872 (2,960 ) (3,902 ) - - (30,406 ) (34,308 ) 3,687 (2,197 ) (407 ) (667 ) (857 ) - 2,069 4,877 (1,220 ) 5,285 367 (31,616 ) 59,404 27,788 $ (1,353 ) $ 6,778 - 290 - 1,238 - - $ 1,383 11 407 $ 760 1,983 11,033 623 1,300 (316 ) 1,169 224 (7,350 ) 6,009 2,653 - (505 ) 1,749 (42 ) (29,602 ) (22,735 ) (44 ) (10,753 ) 505 59,414 (87 ) 36,611 (2,907 ) - 42 (11,000 ) (13,865 ) 20,000 (20,500 ) (605 ) (260 ) - (575 ) - - - (1,940 ) 1,173 21,979 37,425 59,404 $ 21 - 607 779 - 772 - - $ 1,169 28 605 $ 1,101 1,807 12,398 822 30,230 720 880 (491 ) (5,174 ) 5,136 (1,337 ) (3,791 ) (320 ) 2,282 (775 ) 5,692 9,571 777 423 576 (17,378 ) 572 (1,009 ) (2,914 ) 11,930 775 (16,500 ) (6,709 ) - (9,205 ) (646 ) - - - - - (2,742 ) (12,593 ) (500 ) (20,811 ) 58,236 37,425 - - - 1,736 745 1,312 1,024 2,227 880 47 646 1,034 1,551 $ $ $ $ See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements. 61 VOXX International Corporation and Subsidiaries Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements February 28, 2022 (Amounts in thousands, except share and per share data) 1) Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies a) Description of Business VOXX International Corporation ("Voxx," "We," "Our," "Us" or the “Company") is a leading international manufacturer and distributor in the Automotive Electronics, Consumer Electronics, and Biometrics industries. The Company has widely diversified interests, with more than 30 global brands that it has acquired and grown throughout the years, achieving a powerful international corporate image, and creating a vehicle for each of these respective brands to emerge with its own identity. We conduct our business through nineteen wholly-owned subsidiaries: Audiovox Atlanta Corp., VOXX Electronics Corporation, VOXX Accessories Corp., VOXX German Holdings GmbH ("Voxx Germany"), Audiovox Canada Limited, Voxx Hong Kong Ltd., Audiovox International Corp., Audiovox Mexico, S. de R.L. de C.V. ("Voxx Mexico"), Code Systems, Inc., Oehlbach Kabel GmbH ("Oehlbach"), Schwaiger GmbH ("Schwaiger"), Invision Automotive Systems, Inc. ("Invision"), Premium Audio Company LLC ("PAC," which includes Klipsch Group, Inc. and 11 Trading Company LLC), Omega Research and Development, LLC ("Omega"), Voxx Automotive Corp., Audiovox Websales LLC, VSM-Rostra LLC (“VSM”), VOXX DEI LLC, and VOXX DEI Canada LLC (collectively, with VOXX DEI LLC, “DEI”), as well as majority-owned subsidiaries, EyeLock LLC ("EyeLock") and Onkyo Technology KK (“Onkyo”). We market our products under the Audiovox® brand name, other brand names and licensed brands, such as 808®, Acoustic Research®, Advent®, Avital®, Car Link®, Chapman®, Clifford®, Code-Alarm®, Crimestopper™, Discwasher®, Energy®, Heco®, Invision®, Integra®, Jamo®, Klipsch®, Mac Audio™, Magnat®, Mirage®, myris®, Oehlbach®, Omega®, Onkyo®, Pioneer®, Prestige®, Project Nursery®, Python®, RCA®, RCA Accessories®, Rosen®, Rostra®, Schwaiger®, Smart Start®, Terk®, Vehicle Safety Automotive, Viper®, and Voxx Automotive, as well as private labels through a large domestic and international distribution network. We also function as an OEM ("Original Equipment Manufacturer") supplier to several customers, as well as market a number of products under exclusive distribution agreements, such as SiriusXM satellite radio products. The Company's fiscal year ends on the last day of February. b) Principles of Consolidation, Reclassifications and Accounting Principles The consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes include the financial statements of VOXX International Corporation and its wholly and majority-owned subsidiaries and have been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), as defined in the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 270, and in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”). All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Certain amounts in the prior years have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation. Non-controlling interests represent the equity interests in our consolidated entities that we do not wholly own. Our financial statements reflect 100% of the revenues, expenses, assets, and liabilities (after elimination of intercompany transactions), although we do not own 100% of the equity interests of these consolidated entities. The Company follows FASB ASC 810-10-45-21 to report a non-controlling interest (other than non-controlling interests subject to a put option) in the consolidated balance sheets within the equity section, separately from the Company’s retained earnings. Non-controlling interest represents the non-controlling interest holders’ proportionate shares of the equity of the Company’s majority-owned subsidiary, EyeLock. Non-controlling interest is adjusted for the non-controlling interest holders’ proportionate shares of the earnings or 62 losses and other comprehensive (loss) income, if any, and the non-controlling interest continues to be attributed their share of losses even if that attribution results in a deficit non-controlling interest balance. We classify securities with redemption features that are not solely within our control, such as our non-controlling interest that is subject to a put option, outside of permanent equity, specifically the non-controlling shareholder interest in Onkyo. This redeemable non-controlling interest, subject to put option, is recorded at the greater of the non-controlling interest balance determined pursuant to ASC 810-10, “Consolidation,” or the redemption value (which is based upon the greater of a specified formula). Changes in the non-controlling interest due to changes in the redemption amount are immediately recorded as equity transactions and our earnings per share calculation would be adjusted accordingly to treat any redemption adjustment similar to a dividend. Equity investments in which the Company exercises significant influence but does not control and is not the primary beneficiary are accounted for using the equity method. The Company's share of its equity method investee's earnings or losses is included in Other (expense) income in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive (Loss) Income. The Company eliminates its pro rata share of gross profit on sales to its equity method investee for inventory on hand at the investee at the end of the year. Investments in which the Company does not exercise significant influence over the investee, and which do not have readily determinable fair values, are accounted for under the cost method. c) Use of Estimates The preparation of these consolidated financial statements requires the Company to make estimates and assumptions that affect reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue, and expenses. Such estimates include revenue recognition; accrued sales incentives; the allowance for doubtful accounts; inventory valuation; valuation of long-lived assets; valuation and impairment assessment of goodwill, trademarks, and other intangible assets; warranty reserves; stock-based compensation; recoverability of deferred tax assets; and the reserve for uncertain tax positions at the date of the consolidated financial statements. Actual results could differ from those estimates. d) Cash and Cash Equivalents Cash and cash equivalents consist of demand deposits with banks and highly liquid money market funds with original maturities of three months or less when purchased. Cash and cash equivalents amounted to $27,788 and $59,404 at February 28, 2022 and February 28, 2021, respectively. The Company places its cash and cash equivalents in institutions and funds of high credit quality. As many of our balances are in excess of government insurance, we perform periodic evaluations of these institutions and funds. Cash amounts held in foreign bank accounts amounted to $762 and $2,213 at February 28, 2022 and February 28, 2021, respectively, none of which would be subject to United States federal income taxes if made available for use in the United States. The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act provides a 100% participation exemption on dividends received from foreign corporations after January 1, 2018 as the United States has moved away from a worldwide tax system and closer to a territorial system for earnings of foreign corporations. e) Fair Value Measurements and Derivatives The Company applies the authoritative guidance on "Fair Value Measurements," which among other things, requires enhanced disclosures about investments that are measured and reported at fair value. This guidance establishes a hierarchal disclosure framework that prioritizes and ranks the level of market price observability used in measuring investments at fair value. Market price observability is impacted by a number of factors, including the type of investment and the characteristics specific to the investment. Investments with readily available active quoted prices, or for which fair value can be measured from actively quoted prices, generally will have a higher degree of market price observability and a lesser degree of judgment used in measuring fair value. 63 Investments measured and reported at fair value are classified and disclosed in one of the following categories: Level 1 - Quoted market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. Level 2 - Inputs other than Level 1 inputs that are either directly or indirectly observable. Level 3 - Unobservable inputs developed using the Company's estimates and assumptions, which reflect those that market participants would use. At February 28, 2021, the Company did not have any assets or liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3). The following table presents assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis at February 28, 2022: Assets: Cash and money market funds Mutual funds Liabilities: Derivatives designated for hedging Contingent consideration Total Level 1 Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using Level 2 Level 3 27,788 $ 1,231 27,788 $ 1,231 — $ - — - 188 $ 6,435 — $ - 188 $ - — 6,435 $ $ The following table presents assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis at February 28, 2021: Assets: Cash and money market funds Mutual funds Derivatives designated for hedging Liabilities: Derivatives designated for hedging Total Level 1 Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using Level 2 Level 3 $ 59,404 $ 1,777 412 59,404 $ 1,777 - — $ - 412 $ 1,177 $ — $ 1,177 $ — - - — The carrying value of the Company's accounts receivable, short-term debt, accounts payable, accrued expenses, bank obligations and long-term debt approximates fair value because of either (i) the short-term nature of the financial instrument; (ii) the interest rate on the financial instrument being reset every quarter to reflect current market rates, or (iii) the stated or implicit interest rate approximates the current market rates or are not materially different than market rates. Contingent consideration is related to the Company’s Onkyo acquisition (see Note 2). The estimated fair value of the contingent consideration is classified within Level 3 and was determined using an income approach. Under this method, potential future purchases applicable to the contingent consideration were determined using internal estimates for growth. The potential future purchases applicable to the contingent consideration were multiplied by the appropriate percentage of payments due to OHEC, and the resulting contingent consideration amounts were adjusted for risk at the appropriate discount rate. The value of the contingent consideration was further discounted to reflect the credit risk of the Company. Changes in either the revenue growth rate assumptions or the discount rate could result in a material change to the amount of contingent 64 consideration accrued and such changes will be recorded in the Company's Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive (Loss) Income. Non-financial Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis Certain long-lived non-financial assets and liabilities may be required to be measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis in certain circumstances, including when there is evidence of impairment. These non-financial assets and liabilities may include assets acquired in a business combination or property and equipment that are determined to be impaired. As of February 28, 2022 and February 28, 2021, certain non-financial assets were measured at fair value subsequent to their initial recognition. See Note 1(k) for the discussion of the impairment of certain intangible assets. Derivative Instruments The Company's derivative instruments include forward foreign currency contracts and an interest rate swap agreement. The forward foreign currency contracts are utilized to hedge a portion of its foreign currency inventory purchases. The forward foreign currency derivatives qualifying for hedge accounting are designated as cash flow hedges and valued using observable forward rates for the same or similar instruments (Level 2). Open foreign currency contracts are classified in the balance sheet according to their terms. There are currently no open forward foreign currency contracts at February 28, 2022. The Company’s interest rate swap agreement hedges interest rate exposure related to the forecasted outstanding balance of its Florida Mortgage with monthly payments due through March 2026. The swap agreement locks the interest rate on the debt at 3.48% (inclusive of credit spread) through the maturity date of the mortgage. Interest rate swap agreements qualifying for hedge accounting are designated as cash flow hedges and valued based on a comparison of the change in fair value of the actual swap contracts designated as the hedging instruments and the change in fair value of a hypothetical swap contract (Level 2). We calculate the fair value of our interest rate swap agreement quarterly based on the quoted market price for the same or similar financial instruments. The interest rate swap is classified in the balance sheet as either an asset or a liability based on the fair value of the instrument at the end of the period. Financial Statement Classification The Company holds derivative instruments that are designated as hedging instruments. The following table discloses the fair value as of February 28, 2022 and February 28, 2021 for derivative instruments: Designated derivative instruments Foreign currency contracts Interest rate swap Total derivatives Cash flow hedges Derivative Assets and Liabilities Fair Value Account February 28, 2022 February 28, 2021 Prepaid expenses and other current assets $ — $ Accrued expenses and other current liabilities Other long-term liabilities - (188) $ (188) $ 412 (731) (446) (765) It is the Company's policy to enter into derivative instrument contracts with terms that coincide with the underlying exposure being hedged. As such, the Company's derivative instruments are expected to be highly effective. For derivative instruments that are designated and qualify as a cash flow hedge, the entire change in fair value of the hedging instrument included in the assessment of the hedge ineffectiveness is recorded to other comprehensive income (“OCI”). 65 When the amounts recorded in OCI are reclassified to earnings, they are presented in the same income statement line item as the effect of the hedged item. During Fiscal 2022, the Company did not enter into any new forward foreign currency contracts. All forward foreign currency contracts entered into during Fiscal 2021 have been settled as of February 28, 2022 and were designated as cash flow hedges. The current outstanding notional value of the Company's interest rate swap at February 28, 2022 is $6,614. For cash flow hedges, the effective portion of the gain or loss is reported as a component of Other comprehensive (loss) income and reclassified into earnings in the same period or periods during which the hedged transaction affects earnings. The net gain recognized in Other comprehensive (loss) income for foreign currency contracts is expected to be recognized in cost of sales within the next three months. No amounts were excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness during the respective periods. During the years ended February 28, 2022 and February 28, 2021, no contracts originally designated for hedge accounting were de-designated. The gain or loss on the Company’s interest rate swap is recorded in Other comprehensive (loss) income and subsequently reclassified into Interest and bank charges in the period in which the hedged transaction affects earnings. As of February 28, 2022, no contracts originally designated for hedge accounting were terminated. Activity related to cash flow hedges recorded during the twelve months ended February 28, 2022 and February 28, 2021 was as follows: February 28, 2022 February 28, 2021 Gain Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income Loss Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Gain Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income Loss Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income $ $ 233 $ 258 $ (307) $ — $ (720) $ 30 $ (238) — Cash flow hedges Foreign currency contracts Interest rate swaps f) Investment Securities As of February 28, 2022 and February 28, 2021, the Company had the following investments: Investment Securities Marketable Equity Securities Mutual funds Total Marketable Equity Securities Total Investment Securities Investment Securities Marketable Equity Securities Mutual funds Total Marketable Equity Securities Total Investment Securities 66 February 28, 2022 Carrying Value 1,231 1,231 1,231 February 28, 2021 Carrying Value 1,777 1,777 1,777 $ $ $ $ Long-Term Investments Equity Securities Marketable equity securities are measured and recorded at fair value with changes in fair value recorded in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive (Loss) Income. Mutual Funds The Company’s mutual funds are held in connection with its deferred compensation plan. Changes in the carrying value of these securities are offset by changes in the corresponding deferred compensation liability. Changes in fair value of equity securities are recorded within the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive (Loss) Income. Investments Held at Cost, Less Impairment During Fiscal 2018, RxNetworks, a Canadian company in which Voxx held a cost method investment consisting of shares of the investee's preferred stock, was sold to a third party. The cash proceeds received by Voxx was subject to a hold-back provision, which was not included in the calculation of the gain recorded on the sale of this investment in Fiscal 2018. In Fiscal 2020, the Company received a portion of the proceeds that were held back in the Fiscal 2018 transaction to sell the RxNetworks investment, as the hold-back provision expired, and certain cash proceeds were released to Voxx. The Company recorded an investment gain of $775 for the year ended February 29, 2020 for these proceeds received. During the third quarter of Fiscal 2021, a final disbursement of all remaining proceeds related to the sale of the RxNetworks investment was received in the amount of $42, which was recorded as an investment gain for the year ended February 28, 2021. g) Revenue Recognition The Company accounts for revenue in accordance with ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. Revenue from Contracts with Customers The core principle of ASC Topic 606 is that an entity recognizes revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods and services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods and services. We apply the FASB’s guidance on revenue recognition, which requires us to recognize the amount of revenue and consideration that we expect to receive in exchange for goods and services transferred to our customers. To do this, the Company applies the five-step model prescribed by the FASB, which requires us to: (i) identify the contract with the customer; (ii) identify the performance obligations in the contract; (iii) determine the transaction price; (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and (v) recognize revenue when, or as, we satisfy a performance obligation. We account for a contract or purchase order when it has approval and commitment from both parties, the rights of the parties are identified, payment terms are identified, the contract has commercial substance and collectability of consideration is probable. Revenue is recognized when control of the product passes to the customer, which is upon shipment, unless otherwise specified within the customer contract or on the purchase order as delivery, and is recognized at the amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to receive for the products sold, including various forms of discounts. When revenue is recorded, estimates of returns are made and recorded as a reduction of revenue. Contracts with customers are evaluated to determine if there are separate performance obligations related to timing of product shipment that will be satisfied in different accounting periods. When that is the case, revenue is deferred until each performance 67 obligation is met. Within our Automotive Electronics segment, while the majority of the contracts we enter into with Original Equipment Manufacturers (“OEM”) are long-term supply arrangements, the performance obligations are established by the enforceable contract, which is generally considered to be the purchase order. The purchase orders are of durations less than one year. As such, the Company applies the practical expedient in ASC 606-10-50-14 and does not disclose information about remaining performance obligations that have original expected durations of one year or less, for which work has not yet been performed. The Company has also elected the practical expedient in ASC 340-40-25-4, whereby the Company recognizes incremental costs of obtaining contracts as an expense when incurred if the amortization period of the assets the Company otherwise would have recognized is one year or less. Certain taxes assessed by governmental authorities on revenue producing transactions, such as value added taxes, are excluded from revenue, and recorded on a net basis. Performance Obligations The Company’s primary source of revenue is derived from the manufacture and distribution of automotive electronic, consumer electronic, and biometric products. Our consumer electronic products primarily consist of finished goods sold to retail and commercial customers, consisting of premium audio and other consumer electronic products. Our automotive products are sold both to OEM and aftermarket customers. Our biometric products are primarily sold to retail and commercial customers. We recognize revenue for sales to our customers when transfer of control of the related good or service has occurred. The majority of our revenue was recognized under the point in time approach for the years ended February 28, 2022, February 28, 2021, and February 29, 2020. Contract terms with certain of our OEM customers could result in products and services being transferred over time as a result of the customized nature of some of our products, together with contractual provisions in the customer contracts that provide us with an enforceable right to payment for performance completed to date; however, under typical terms, we do not have the right to consideration until the time of shipment from our manufacturing facilities or distribution centers, or until the time of delivery to our customers. If certain contracts in the future provide the Company with this enforceable right of payment, the timing of revenue recognition from products transferred to customers over time may be slightly accelerated compared to our right to consideration at the time of shipment or delivery. Our typical payment terms vary based on the customer and the type of goods and services in the contract or purchase order. The period of time between invoicing and when payment is due is not significant. Amounts billed and due from our customers are classified as receivables on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. As our standard payment terms are less than one year, we have elected the practical expedient under ASC paragraph 606-10-32-18 to not assess whether a contract has a significant financing component. Our customers take delivery of goods, and they are recognized as revenue at the time of transfer of control to the customer, which is usually at the time of shipment, unless otherwise specified in the customer contract or purchase order. This determination is based on applicable shipping terms, as well as the consideration of other indicators, including timing of when the Company has a present right to payment, when physical possession of products is transferred to customers, when the customer has the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the asset, and any provisions in contracts regarding customer acceptance. While unit prices are generally fixed, we provide variable consideration for certain of our customers, typically in the form of promotional incentives at the time of sale. Depending on the different facts and circumstances, we utilize either the most likely amount or the expected value methods to estimate the effect of uncertainty on the amount of variable consideration to which we would be entitled. The most likely amount method considers the single most likely amount from a range of possible consideration amounts, while the expected value method is the sum of the probability-weighted amounts in a range of possible consideration amounts. Both methods are based upon the contractual terms of the incentives and historical experience with each customer. 68 We record estimates for cash discounts, promotional rebates, and other promotional allowances in the period the related revenue is recognized (“Customer Credits”). The provision for Customer Credits is recorded as a reduction from gross sales and reserves for Customer Credits are presented within Accrued sales incentives on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. Actual Customer Credits have not differed materially from estimated amounts for each period presented. Amounts billed to customers for shipping and handling are included in net sales and costs associated with shipping and handling are included in cost of sales. We have concluded that our estimates of variable consideration are not constrained according to the definition within the standard. Additionally, the Company applies the practical expedient in ASC paragraph 606-10-25-18B and accounts for shipping and handling activities that occur after the customer has obtained control of a good as a fulfillment activity, rather than a separate performance obligation. Under ASC Topic 606, we present a refund liability and a return asset within the Consolidated Balance Sheet. The changes in the refund liability are reported in net sales, and the changes in the return asset are reported in cost of sales in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive (Loss) Income. See Note 14 for return asset and refund liability balances as of February 28, 2022 and February 28, 2021. We warrant our products against certain defects in material and workmanship, when used as designed, for periods of time which primarily range from 30 days to 3 years. We offer limited lifetime warranties on certain products, which limit the customer’s remedy to the repair or replacement of the defective product or part for the original owner for the designated lifetime of the product, or for the life of the vehicle, if it is an automotive product. We do not sell extended warranties. Contract Balances Contract assets primarily relate to the Company’s rights to consideration for work completed but not billed at the reporting date on contracts with customers. Contract assets are transferred to receivables when the rights become unconditional. Contract liabilities primarily relate to contracts where advance payments or deposits have been received, but performance obligations have not yet been met, and therefore, revenue has not been recognized. See Note 14 for contract asset and liability balances as of February 28, 2022 and February 28, 2021. h) Accounts Receivable The majority of the Company's accounts receivable are due from companies in the retail, mass merchant and OEM industries. Credit is extended based on an evaluation of a customer's financial condition. Accounts receivable are generally due within 30 days to 60 days and are stated at amounts due from customers, net of an allowance for credit losses. Accounts outstanding longer than the contracted payment terms are considered past due. Accounts receivable are comprised of the following: Trade accounts receivable Less: Allowance for credit losses Allowance for cash discounts February 28, 2022 February 28, 2021 108,915 $ 108,862 2,182 1,108 105,625 $ 1,593 1,104 106,165 $ $ The Company performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers and adjusts credit limits based upon payment history and the customers' current credit worthiness, as determined by a review of their current credit information. The Company continuously monitors collections and payments from its customers and maintains a provision for estimated credit losses based upon historical experience and any specific customer collection issues that have been identified. While such credit 69 losses have historically been within management's expectations and the provisions established, the Company cannot guarantee it will continue to experience the same credit loss rates that have been experienced in the past. The Company writes off accounts receivable balances when collection efforts have been exhausted and deemed uncollectible. Our five largest customer balances comprise 24% of our accounts receivable balance as of February 28, 2022. A significant change in the liquidity or financial position of any one of these customers could have a material adverse impact on the collectability of accounts receivable and our results of operations. On March 1, 2020, we adopted Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2016-13, “Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments,” which did not have a material impact on our financial statements. Our financial instruments consist of trade receivables arising from revenue transactions in the ordinary course of business. We extend credit to customers based on pre-defined criteria and trade receivables are generally due within 30 to 60 days. The Company has three supply chain financing agreements and factoring agreements with certain financial institutions to accelerate receivable collection and better manage cash flow. Under the agreements, the Company has agreed to sell these institutions certain of its accounts receivable balances from time to time. For those accounts receivables tendered to the banks that the banks choose to purchase, the banks have agreed to advance an amount equal to the net accounts receivable balances due, less a discount or fee as set forth in the respective agreements. The balances under these agreements are sold without recourse and are accounted for as sales of accounts receivable. Cash proceeds from these agreements are reflected as operating activities included in the change in accounts receivable in the Company's Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. Total balances sold under the agreements, net of discounts, for the years ended February 28, 2022, February 28, 2021, and February 29, 2020 were approximately $89,400, $100,800 and $79,100, respectively. Fees incurred in connection with these agreements totaled approximately $260, $330 and $370 for the years ended February 28, 2022, February 28, 2021 and February 29, 2020, respectively, and are recorded within Interest and bank charges in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive (Loss) Income. During Fiscal 2020, the Company temporarily suspended two of its domestic supply chain finance arrangements, as the Company had sufficient cash on hand for operations, as well as due to rising fees charged on factored balances. During Fiscal 2021, the Company resumed its factoring activities under all of its agreements in response to general economic concerns related to the COVID-19 pandemic. The Company has the option to suspend and resume its activity under the existing arrangements at any time. i) Inventory The Company values its inventory at the lower of cost or net realizable value ("NRV"). NRV is defined as estimated selling prices less costs of completion, disposal, and transportation. The cost of inventory is determined primarily on an average basis with a portion valued at standard cost, which approximates actual costs on the first-in, first-out basis. The Company regularly reviews inventory quantities on-hand and records a provision for excess and obsolete inventory based primarily on selling prices, indications from customers based upon current price negotiations and purchase orders. The Company's industry is characterized by rapid technological change and frequent new product introductions that could result in an increase in the amount of obsolete inventory quantities on-hand. In addition, and as necessary, specific reserves for future known or anticipated events may be established. The Company recorded inventory write-downs of $2,912, $2,032 and $3,050 for the years ended February 28, 2022, February 28, 2021 and February 29, 2020, respectively. Inventories by major category are as follows: Raw materials Work in process Finished goods Inventory, net February 28, 2022 February 28, 2021 $ $ 23,904 $ 1,519 149,499 174,922 $ 21,228 1,732 107,833 130,793 70 j) Property, Plant and Equipment Property, plant, and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Property under a finance lease is stated at the present value of minimum lease payments. Major improvements and replacements that extend service lives of the assets are capitalized. Minor replacements, and routine maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred. Upon retirement or disposal of assets, the cost and related accumulated depreciation are removed from the Consolidated Balance Sheets. A summary of property, plant and equipment, net, is as follows: Land Buildings Property under finance lease Furniture and fixtures Machinery and equipment Construction-in-progress Computer hardware and software Automobiles Leasehold improvements Less accumulated depreciation and amortization February 28, 2022 February 28, 2021 $ $ 7,046 $ 44,177 2,503 4,489 10,287 3,341 41,962 710 2,718 117,233 67,439 49,794 $ 7,068 43,987 2,503 4,424 9,785 1,587 41,178 729 2,688 113,949 61,923 52,026 Depreciation is calculated on the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets as follows: Buildings and improvements Furniture and fixtures Machinery and equipment Computer hardware and software Automobiles 20 5 5 3 - - - - 40 years 15 years 15 years 5 years 3 years Leasehold improvements are depreciated over the shorter of the lease term or estimated useful life of the asset. Assets acquired under finance leases are amortized over the term of the respective lease. Depreciation and amortization of property, plant and equipment amounted to $5,890, $5,607 and $5,343 for the years ended February 28, 2022, February 28, 2021 and February 29, 2020, respectively. Included in depreciation and amortization expense is amortization of computer software costs of $1,547, $1,252 and $1,474 for the years ended February 28, 2022, February 28, 2021 and February 29, 2020, respectively. See Note 11 for discussion of the sale of the Company’s real property in Pulheim Germany during the year ended February 29, 2020 and the gain recognized of $4,057. k) Goodwill and Intangible Assets Goodwill and other intangible assets consist of the excess over the fair value of net assets acquired (goodwill) and other intangible assets (patents, contracts, trademarks/tradenames, developed technology and customer relationships). Values assigned to the respective assets are determined in accordance with ASC 805 "Business Combinations" ("ASC 805") and ASC 350 "Intangibles – Goodwill and Other" ("ASC 350"). 71 Goodwill is calculated as the excess of the cost of purchased businesses over the fair value of the underlying net assets acquired. We use various valuation techniques to determine the fair value of the assets acquired, with the primary techniques being the discounted future cash flow method, relief from royalty method, and the multi-period excess earnings methods, which use significant unobservable inputs, or Level 3 inputs, as defined by the fair value hierarchy. Inputs to these valuation approaches that require significant judgment include: (i) forecasted sales, growth rates and customer attrition rates, (ii) forecasted operating margins, (iii) royalty rates and discount rates used to present value future cash flows, (iv) the amount of synergies expected from the acquisition, (v) the economic useful life of assets, and (vi) the evaluation of historical tax positions. In certain instances, historical data is limited so we base our estimates and assumptions on budgets, business plans, economic projections, anticipated future cash flows and marketplace data. The guidance in ASC 350, including management’s business intent for its use; ongoing market demand for products relevant to the category and their ability to generate future cash flows; legal, regulatory, or contractual provisions on its use or subsequent renewal, as applicable; and the cost to maintain or renew the rights to the assets, are considered in determining the useful life of all intangible assets. If the Company determines that there are no legal, regulatory, contractual, competitive, economic, or other factors which limit the useful life of the asset, an indefinite life will be assigned and evaluated for impairment as indicated below. Goodwill and other intangible assets that have an indefinite useful life are not amortized. Intangible assets that have a definite useful life are amortized on either an accelerated or a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives. ASC 350 requires that goodwill and intangible assets with indefinite useful lives be tested for impairment at least annually or more frequently if an event occurs or circumstances change that could more likely than not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying value. Intangible assets with estimable useful lives are required to be amortized over their respective estimated useful lives and reviewed for impairment if indicators of impairment exist. To determine the fair value of goodwill and intangible assets, there are many assumptions and estimates used that directly impact the results of the testing. Management has the ability to influence the outcome and ultimate results based on the assumptions and estimates chosen. If a significant change in these assumptions and/or estimates occurs, the Company could experience impairment charges, in addition to those noted below, in future periods. Goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets are tested annually for impairment on the last day of the Company’s fiscal year, and at any time upon occurrence of certain events or changes in circumstances. When testing goodwill and/or indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment, we have the option to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether the existence of events or circumstances leads to a determination that it is more likely than not that the estimated fair value of a reporting unit or indefinite- lived intangible asset is less than its carrying amount. If we elect to perform a qualitative assessment and determine that an impairment is more likely than not, we are then required to perform a quantitative impairment test; otherwise, no further analysis is required. Under the qualitative assessment, we consider various qualitative factors, including macroeconomic conditions, relevant industry and market trends, cost factors, overall financial performance, other entity-specific events, and events affecting the reporting unit or indefinite-lived intangible asset that could indicate a potential change in fair value of our indefinite-lived intangible asset or reporting unit or the composition of its carrying values. We also consider the specific future outlook for the reporting unit or indefinite-lived intangible asset. We also may elect not to perform the qualitative assessment and instead, proceed directly to the quantitative impairment test. Goodwill is considered impaired if the carrying value of the reporting unit's goodwill exceeds its estimated fair value. Intangible assets with indefinite lives are considered impaired if the carrying value exceeds the estimated fair value. Voxx's reporting units that carry goodwill are Invision, Rosen, VSM, DEI, Klipsch, and Onkyo. The Company has three operating segments based upon its products and internal organizational structure (see Note 13). These operating segments are the Automotive Electronics, Consumer Electronics, and Biometrics segments. The Invision, Rosen, VSM, and DEI reporting units are 72 located within the Automotive Electronics segment and the Klipsch and Onkyo reporting units are located within the Consumer Electronics segment. The Company performed its annual impairment test for goodwill as of February 28, 2022. The Company performed its annual impairment test for one of its reporting units qualitatively and assessed whether it was more likely than not that the respective fair value of this reporting unit was less than its carrying amount. The Company determined that impairment of goodwill was not likely in this reporting unit and thus was not required to perform a quantitative analysis for this reporting unit. For the remaining reporting units, the Company performed a quantitative analysis and concluded that the fair values of the reporting units were in excess of their carrying value, with no impairment indicated as of February 28, 2022. The discount rates (developed using a weighted average cost of capital analysis) used in the goodwill quantitative test ranged from 14.6% to 30.0%. No goodwill impairment charges were recorded during the years ended February 28, 2022, February 28, 2021 and February 29, 2020. The goodwill balances of Invision, Klipsch, Rosen, VSM, DEI, and Onkyo at February 28, 2022 are $7,372, $46,533, $880, $572, $1,600, and $17,363, respectively. The Company also tested its indefinite-lived intangible assets as of February 28, 2022 as part of its annual impairment testing. The Company performed its annual impairment test for one of its indefinite-lived intangibles qualitatively and assessed whether it was more likely than not that the respective fair value of this indefinite-lived intangible asset was less than its carrying amount. The Company determined that impairment of this indefinite-lived intangible was not likely, and thus was not required to perform a quantitative analysis for this indefinite-lived intangible asset. For the remaining indefinite-lived assets, the Company performed a quantitative analysis and concluded that none of these indefinite-lived assets were impaired for the year ended February 28, 2022. To perform these quantitative impairment analyses, the respective fair values were estimated using a relief-from-royalty method, applying royalty rates ranging from 1.5% to 6.5% for the trademarks after reviewing comparable market rates, the profitability of the products associated with relative intangible assets, and other qualitative factors. We determined that risk-adjusted discount rates ranging from 13.0% to 15.3% were appropriately developed using a weighted average cost of capital analysis. The long-term growth rates ranged from 1.0% to 3.0%. At February 28, 2021, one of the indefinite-lived assets in the Consumer Electronics segment was impaired in the amount of $1,300. The impairment was the result of shortfalls in sales due to reduced demand of the product category. The assessments on the remaining indefinite-lived intangibles concluded that there was no additional impairment as of February 28, 2021. Related long- lived assets were tested for recoverability and determined to be recoverable and therefore no additional impairments related to long- lived assets were recorded in the Consumer Electronics segment At February 29, 2020, several of the Company’s indefinite-lived intangible assets were determined to be impaired as a result of the annual impairment analysis. Specifically, the Company determined that several of its indefinite-lived trademarks in the Consumer Electronics segment were impaired. The impairments were the result of the Company being unable to secure product placement into customer stores, anticipated shortfalls in sales due to economic uncertainty as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, reduced demand from a large traditional brick-and-mortar customer, along with continued declines in the German economy. As a result, several indefinite-lived tradenames in the Consumer Electronics segment were impaired resulting in impairment charges of $2,828 recorded for the year ended February 29, 2020. Related long-lived assets were tested for recoverability and determined to be recoverable and therefore no additional impairments related to long-lived assets were recorded in the Consumer Electronics segment. Additionally, in the Biometrics segment, the Company determined that its indefinite-lived trademark was impaired. The impairment of the trademark was the result of lack of customer acceptance of the related technology, lower than anticipated results, adjusted expectations for demand and anticipated delays of product deployment with target customers due to economic uncertainty given the COVID-19 pandemic. Related long-lived assets in the Biometrics segment were tested for recoverability and determined not to be recoverable. The fair value of the long-lived assets that were not recoverable were estimated, and when compared to their carrying value, were determined to also be impaired. As a result, total impairments in the Biometric segment of $27,402 for indefinite-lived and definite-lived intangible assets were recorded for the year ended February 29, 2020. 73 The combined impairment charges for both the Consumer Electronics segment and the Biometrics segment aggregated $30,230 for the year ended February 29, 2020. As a result of the Fiscal 2021 and Fiscal 2020 indefinite-lived intangible asset impairments, the Company evaluated the related long-lived assets at the lowest level for which there are separately identifiable cash flows. No impairments of related long-lived assets were noted for Fiscal 2021. For Fiscal 2020, impairments of $19,667 related to long-lived assets associated with the Biometrics segment were recorded. Additionally, no impairment charges were recorded related to definite-lived intangible assets for the years ended February 28, 2022, February 28, 2021, and February 29, 2020. Management determined that the current lives of its long-lived assets are appropriate. Approximately 38.2% ($24,079) of the carrying value of the Company's indefinite lived trademarks are at risk of impairment and sensitive to changes and assumptions as of February 28, 2022. There can be no assurance that our estimates and assumptions made for purposes of impairment testing as of February 28, 2022 will prove to be accurate predictions of the future. Reduced demand for our existing product offerings, reductions of product placement at our customers, less than anticipated results, lack of acceptance of our new products, elimination of SKUs, the inability to successfully develop our brands, or unfavorable changes in assumptions used in the discounted cash flow model such as discount rates, royalty rates or projected long-term growth rates, could result in additional impairment charges in the future. Goodwill The change in the carrying value of goodwill is as follows: February 28, 2022 February 28, 2021 February 29, 2020 Beginning of period Goodwill acquired (see Note 2) Adjustments to goodwill acquired, net (see Note 2) Foreign currency translation End of period Gross carrying value Accumulated impairment charges Net carrying value $ $ $ $ 58,311 $ 18,160 (1,353) (798) 74,320 $ 106,483 $ (32,163) 74,320 $ 74 55,000 $ 3,290 21 — 58,311 $ 90,474 $ (32,163) 58,311 $ 54,785 215 — — 55,000 87,163 (32,163) 55,000 Automotive Electronics Beginning of period Goodwill acquired (see Note 2) Adjustments to goodwill acquired, net (see Note 2) End of period Gross carrying value Accumulated impairment charge Net carrying value Consumer Electronics Beginning of period Goodwill acquired (see Note 2) Adjustments to goodwill acquired (see Note 2) Foreign currency translation End of period Gross carrying value Accumulated impairment charge Net carrying value Total goodwill, net $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ February 28, 2022 February 28, 2021 February 29, 2020 11,778 $ — (1,353) 10,425 $ 10,425 $ — 10,425 $ 46,533 $ 18,160 - (798) 63,895 $ 96,058 $ (32,163) 63,895 $ 8,467 $ 3,290 21 11,778 $ 11,778 $ — 11,778 $ 46,533 $ - - — 46,533 $ 78,696 $ (32,163) 46,533 $ 74,320 $ 58,311 $ 8,252 215 — 8,467 8,467 — 8,467 46,533 - - — 46,533 78,696 (32,163) 46,533 55,000 Note: The Company's Biometrics segment did not carry a balance for goodwill at February 28, 2022, February 28, 2021, or February 29, 2020. Intangible Assets At February 28, 2022 and February 28, 2021, intangible assets consisted of the following: Finite-lived intangible assets: Customer relationships (10-15.5 years) Trademarks/Tradenames (5.5-10 years) Developed technology (7-10 years) Patents (7-13 years) License Contracts Total finite-lived intangible assets Indefinite-lived intangible assets Trademarks Total intangible assets, net Gross Carrying Value February 28, 2022 Accumulated Amortization Total Net Book Value $ $ 54,138 $ 17,466 20,413 6,736 1,400 1,556 101,709 $ 39,669 1,927 13,179 5,562 1,400 1,556 63,293 $ $ 14,469 15,539 7,234 1,174 - - 38,416 63,034 101,450 75 Finite-lived intangible assets: Customer relationships (4-15.5 years) Trademarks/Tradenames (5.5-10 years) Developed technology (7 years) Patents (4-13 years) License Contracts Total finite-lived intangible assets Indefinite-lived intangible assets Trademarks Total intangible assets, net Gross Carrying Value February 28, 2021 Accumulated Amortization Total Net Book Value $ $ 54,688 $ 5,545 14,144 6,736 1,400 1,556 84,069 $ 36,412 $ 811 12,516 4,629 1,400 1,556 57,324 $ 18,276 4,734 1,628 2,107 - - 26,745 63,359 90,104 The weighted-average remaining amortization period for amortizing intangibles acquired during the year ended February 28, 2022 is approximately 9 years. The Company expenses the renewal costs of patents as incurred. The weighted-average period before the renewal of our patents is approximately 6 years. Amortization expense for intangible assets amounted to $6,508, $5,426 and $7,010 for the years ended February 28, 2022, February 28, 2021 and February 29, 2020, respectively. At February 28, 2022, the estimated aggregate amortization expense for all amortizable intangibles for each of the succeeding five fiscal years is as follows: Fiscal Year 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 $ Amount 6,501 6,148 5,886 5,783 3,551 l) Sales Incentives The Company offers sales incentives to its customers in the form of (1) co-operative advertising allowances; (2) market development funds; (3) volume incentive rebates; and (4) other trade allowances. The Company accounts for sales incentives in accordance with ASC 606 "Revenue from Contracts with Customers" ("ASC 606"). These sales incentives represent variable consideration provided to customers. Depending on the specific facts and circumstances, we utilize either the most likely amount or expected value methods to estimate the effect of uncertainty on the amount of variable consideration to which we would be entitled. The most likely amount method considers the single most likely amount from a range of possible consideration amounts, while the expected value method is the sum of the probability-weighted amounts in a range of possible consideration amounts. Both methods are based upon the contractual terms of the incentives and historical experience with each customer. Except for other trade allowances, all sales incentives require the customer to purchase the Company's products during a specified period of time. All sales incentives require customers to claim the sales incentive within a certain time period (referred to as the "claim period") and claims are settled either by the customer claiming a deduction against an outstanding account receivable or by the customer requesting a cash payout. All costs associated with sales incentives are classified as a reduction of net sales. The following is a summary of the various sales incentive programs: 76 Co-operative advertising allowances are offered to customers as reimbursement towards their costs for print or media advertising in which the Company’s product is featured on its own or in conjunction with other companies' products. The amount offered is either a fixed amount or is based upon a fixed percentage of sales revenue or a fixed amount per unit sold to the customer during a specified time period. Market development funds are offered to customers in connection with new product launches or entrance into new markets. The amount offered for new product launches is based upon a fixed amount or based upon a percentage of sales revenue or a fixed amount per unit sold to the customer during a specified time period. Volume incentive rebates offered to customers require minimum quantities of product to be purchased during a specified period of time. The amount offered is either based upon a fixed percentage of sales revenue to the customer or a fixed amount per unit sold to the customer. The Company makes an estimate of the ultimate amount of the rebate their customers will earn based upon past history with the customers and other facts and circumstances. The Company has the ability to estimate these volume incentive rebates, as the period of time for a particular rebate to be claimed is relatively short. Any changes in the estimated amount of volume incentive rebates are recognized immediately using a cumulative catch-up adjustment. The Company accrues the cost of co-operative advertising allowances, volume incentive rebates and market development funds at the later of when the customer purchases our products or when the sales incentive is offered to the customer. Unearned sales incentives are volume incentive rebates where the customer did not purchase the required minimum quantities of product during the specified time. Volume incentive rebates are reversed into income in the period when the customer did not reach the required minimum purchases of product during the specified time. Unclaimed sales incentives are sales incentives earned by the customer, but the customer has not claimed payment within the claim period (period after program has ended). Unclaimed sales incentives are investigated in a timely manner after the end of the program and reversed if deemed appropriate. The Company believes the reversal of earned but unclaimed sales incentives upon the expiration of the claim period is a systematic, rational, consistent, and conservative method of reversing unclaimed sales incentives. 77 Other trade allowances are additional sales incentives the Company provides to customers subsequent to the related revenue being recognized. The Company records the provision for these additional sales incentives at the later of when the sales incentive is offered or when the related revenue is recognized. Such additional sales incentives are based upon a fixed percentage of the selling price to the customer, a fixed amount per unit, or a lump-sum amount. Although the Company makes its best estimate of its sales incentive liability, many factors, including significant unanticipated changes in the purchasing volume of its customers and the lack of claims made by customers, could have a significant impact on the sales incentives liability and reported operating results. A summary of the activity with respect to accrued sales incentives is provided below: Accrued sales incentives, opening balance Liabilities acquired during acquisition Accruals Payments and credits Reversals for unearned sales incentives Accrued sales incentives, ending balance Year Ended February 28, 2022 Year Ended February 28, 2021 Year Ended February 29, 2020 $ $ 25,313 $ — 58,490 (59,644) (404) 23,755 $ 12,250 $ - 67,337 (54,102) (172) 25,313 $ 13,574 28 35,345 (36,583) (114) 12,250 The majority of the reversals of previously established sales incentive liabilities pertain to sales recorded in prior periods. m) Advertising Excluding co-operative advertising as discussed in Note 1(l) above, the Company expensed the cost of advertising, as incurred, of $5,376, $4,605 and $4,905 for the years ended February 28, 2022, February 28, 2021 and February 29, 2020, respectively. n) Research and Development Expenditures for research and development are charged to expense as incurred. Such expenditures amounted to $12,115, $7,940 and $7,748 for the years ended February 28, 2022, February 28, 2021 and February 29, 2020, respectively, net of customer reimbursement, of $58, $120 and $266, respectively, and are included within Engineering and Technical Support expenses on the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive (Loss) Income. Reimbursements from OEM customers for development services are reflected as a reduction of research and development expense because the performance of contract development services is not central to the Company's operations. 78 o) Product Warranties and Product Repair Costs The Company generally warranties its products against certain manufacturing and other defects. This warranty does not provide a service beyond assuring that the products comply with agreed-upon specifications and is not sold separately. The Company provides warranties for all of its products ranging primarily from 30 days to 3 years. The Company also provides limited lifetime warranties for certain products, which limit the end user's remedy to the repair or replacement of the defective product during its lifetime, as well as for certain vehicle security products for the life of the vehicle for the original owner. Warranty expenses are accrued at the time the related revenue is recognized, based on the Company's estimated cost to repair or replace expected product returns for warranty matters. This liability is based primarily on historical experiences of actual warranty claims as well as current information on repair costs and contract terms with certain manufacturers. The warranty liability of $4,470 and $4,403 is recorded in Accrued expenses and other current liabilities in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets as of February 28, 2022 and February 28, 2021, respectively. In addition, the Company records a reserve for product repair or replace costs which is based upon the quantities of defective inventory on hand and an estimate of the cost to repair such defective inventory. The reserve for product repair costs of $1,152 and $887 is recorded as a reduction to inventory in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets as of February 28, 2022 and February 28, 2021, respectively. Warranty claims and product repair costs expense for the years ended February 28, 2022, February 28, 2021 and February 29, 2020 were $4,583, $3,065 and $4,935, respectively. Changes in the Company's accrued product warranties and product repair costs are as follows: Beginning balance Liabilities (adjusted) acquired during acquisitions Accrual for warranties issued during the year and repair cost Warranty claims settled during the year Ending balance p) Foreign Currency Year Ended February 28, 2022 Year Ended February 28, 2021 Year Ended February 29, 2020 $ $ 5,290 $ (352) 4,583 (3,899) 5,622 $ 4,748 $ 1,200 3,065 (3,723) 5,290 $ 4,469 188 4,935 (4,844) 4,748 Assets and liabilities of subsidiaries located outside the United States whose cash flows are primarily in local currencies have been translated at rates of exchange at the end of the period or historical exchange rates, as appropriate in accordance with ASC 830, "Foreign Currency Matters" ("ASC 830"). Revenues and expenses have been translated at the weighted-average rates of exchange in effect during the period. Gains and losses resulting from translation are recorded in the cumulative foreign currency translation account in Accumulated other comprehensive loss. For the years ended February 28, 2022, February 28, 2021 and February 29, 2020, the Company recorded total net foreign currency transaction (losses) gains in the amount of $(635), $(862) and $405, respectively. The Company has a subsidiary in Venezuela. Venezuela continues to experience significant political and civil unrest and economic instability and has been troubled with various foreign currency and price controls. The President of Venezuela has the authority to legislate certain areas by decree, which allows the government to nationalize certain industries or expropriate certain companies and property. The Company applies hyper-inflationary accounting to Venezuela in accordance with the guidelines in ASC 830, "Foreign Currency." A hyper-inflationary economy designation occurs when a country has experienced cumulative inflation of approximately 100 percent or more over a 3-year period. The hyper-inflationary designation requires the local subsidiary in Venezuela to record all transactions as if they were denominated in U.S. dollars. 79 The Venezuelan government has devalued the Bolivar Fuerte several times in an attempt to address continuing hyperinflation. For the years ended February 28, 2022, February 28, 2021 and February 29, 2020, total net currency exchange gains (losses) recorded related to Venezuela were not significant. All currency exchange gains and losses are included in Other (expense) income on the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive (Loss) Income. The Company holds certain long-lived assets in Venezuela, which includes an office location for local personnel, as well as other rental properties. The subsidiary’s automotive operations are currently suspended, and all of these properties are held for investment purposes as of February 28, 2022 and had no value. q) Income Taxes Income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying values of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax basis and operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. In evaluating our ability to recover our deferred tax assets within the jurisdiction from which they arise, we consider all positive and negative evidence including the results of recent operations, scheduled reversal of deferred tax liabilities, future taxable income, and tax planning strategies. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled (see Note 8). The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. The Company made a policy election to treat the income tax with respect to GILTI as a period expense when incurred. Uncertain Tax Positions The Company adopted guidance included in ASC 740 as it relates to uncertain tax positions. The guidance addresses the determination of whether tax benefits claimed or expected to be claimed on a tax return should be recorded in the financial statements. Under ASC 740, the Company may recognize the tax benefit from an uncertain tax position only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefits recognized in the financial statements from such position should be measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than fifty percent likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement. ASC 740 also provides guidance on derecognition, classification, interest and penalties, accounting in interim periods and disclosure requirements. Tax interest and penalties The Company classifies interest and penalties associated with income taxes as a component of Income tax expense (benefit) on the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive (Loss) Income. r) Net (Loss) Income Per Common Share Basic net (loss) income per common share, net of non-controlling interest, is based upon the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted net (loss) income per common share reflects the potential dilution that would occur if common stock equivalent securities or other contracts to issue common stock were exercised or converted into common stock. 80 There are no reconciling items impacting the numerator of basic and diluted net (loss) income per common share. A reconciliation between the denominator of basic and diluted net (loss) income per common share is as follows: Weighted-average common shares outstanding (basic) Effect of dilutive securities: Year Ended February 28, 2022 24,287,179 Year Ended February 28, 2021 24,201,221 Year Ended February 29, 2020 24,394,663 Stock grants, restricted stock units, and market stock units Weighted-average common and potential common shares outstanding (diluted) - 24,287,179 448,885 24,650,106 — 24,394,663 Stock grants, restricted stock units, and market stock units totaling 737,513, 12,757 and 701,024 for the years ended February 28, 2022, February 28, 2021 and February 29, 2020, respectively, were not included in the net (loss) income per common share calculation because the settlement price of the stock grants, restricted stock units and market stock units was greater than the average market price of the Company's common stock during these periods, or because the inclusion of these components would have been anti-dilutive. s) Other (Expense) Income Other (expense) income is comprised of the following: Foreign currency (loss) gain Interest income Rental income Miscellaneous Total other, net Year Ended February 28, 2022 Year Ended February 28, 2021 Year Ended February 29, 2020 $ $ (635) $ 72 678 208 323 $ (862) $ 83 739 786 746 $ 405 918 692 317 2,332 Interest income for the years ended February 28, 2022 and February 28, 2021 decreased as compared to the year ended February 29, 2020 as a result of lower interest rates earned on the Company’s money market investments and a lower balance of funds available to invest. t) Accounting for the Impairment of Long-Lived Assets Long-lived assets and certain identifiable intangible assets are reviewed for impairment in accordance with ASC 360 whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of an asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying value of an asset to future undiscounted net cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. Recoverability of long-lived assets is measured by comparing the carrying value of the assets to their estimated fair market value. If such assets are considered to be impaired, the impairment to be recognized is measured by the amount by which the carrying value of the assets exceeds the fair value of the assets. See Note 1(k) for discussion of the impairment of long-lived assets in connection with the Company’s annual intangible impairment testing for the years ended February 28, 2021 and February 29, 2020. There were no impairments of long-lived assets recorded during the year ended February 28, 2022. 81 u) Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation The Company has a stock-based compensation plan under which employees and non-employee directors may be granted incentive stock options ("ISO's") and non-qualified stock options ("NQSO's") to purchase shares of Class A common stock. Under the plan, the exercise price of the ISO's granted to a ten percent stockholder must equal 110% of the fair market value of the Company's Class A common stock on the date of grant. The exercise price of all other options and Stock Appreciation Right ("SAR") awards may not be less than 100% of the fair market value of the Company's Class A common stock on the date of grant. If an option or SAR is granted pursuant to an assumption of, or substitution for, another option or SAR pursuant to a Corporate Transaction, and in a manner consistent with Section 409A of the Internal Revenue Code (the “Code”), the exercise or strike price may be less than 100% of the fair market value on the date of grant. The plan permits for options to be exercised at various intervals as determined by the Board of Directors. However, the maximum expiration period is ten years from date of grant. The vesting requirements are determined by the Board of Directors at the time of grant. Exercised options are issued from authorized Class A common stock. As of February 28, 2022, approximately 1,147,000 shares were available for future grants under the terms of these plans. Options are measured at the fair value of the award at the date of grant and are recognized as an expense over the requisite service period. Compensation expense related to stock-based awards with vesting terms are amortized using the straight-line attribution method. There were no stock options granted during the years ended February 28, 2022, February 28, 2021, or February 29, 2020. During the years ended February 28, 2022, February 28, 2021 and February 29, 2020 there were no stock-based compensation costs or professional fees recorded by the Company and the Company had no unrecognized compensation costs at February 28, 2022 related to stock options and warrants. Restricted stock awards are granted pursuant to the Company’s 2012 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2012 Plan”). A restricted stock award is an award of common stock that is subject to certain restrictions during a specified period. Restricted stock awards are independent of option grants and are subject to forfeiture if employment terminates for a reason other than death, disability, or retirement, prior to the release of the restrictions. Shares under restricted stock grants are not issued to the grantees before they vest. The Company’s Omnibus Equity Incentive Plan was established in 2014 (the “2014 Plan”). Pursuant to the 2014 Plan, Restricted Stock Units (“RSU’s”) may be awarded by the Company to any individual who is employed by, provides services to, or serves as a director of, the Company or its affiliates. RSU’s are granted based on certain performance criteria and vest on the later of three years from the date of grant, or the grantee reaching the age of 65 years. The shares will also vest upon termination of the grantee's employment by the Company without cause, provided that the grantee, at the time of termination, has been employed by the Company for at least 10 years, or as a result of the sale of all of the issued and outstanding stock, or all, or substantially all, of the assets of the subsidiary of which the grantee serves as CEO and/or President. When vested shares are issued to the grantee, the awards will be settled in shares or in cash, at the Company's sole option. The grantees cannot transfer the rights to receive shares before the restricted shares vest. There are no market conditions inherent in the award, only an employee performance requirement, and the service requirement that the respective employee continues employment with the Company through the vesting date. The Company expenses the cost of the RSU’s on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of each employee. During the years ended February 28, 2022, February 28, 2021 and February 29, 2020, an additional 48,527, 48,269, and 71,352 RSU’s were granted under the 2014 Plan, respectively. The fair market value of the RSU’s, $13.59, $5.76, and $4.65 for Fiscal 2022, Fiscal 2021, and Fiscal 2020, respectively, were determined based on the mean of the high and low price of the Company's common stock on the grant dates. 82 Grant of Shares to Chief Executive Officer On July 8, 2019, the Board of Directors approved a five-year Employment Agreement (the “Employment Agreement”), effective March 1, 2019, by and between the Company and Patrick M. Lavelle, the Company’s President and Chief Executive Officer. Under the terms of the Employment Agreement, in addition to a $1,000 yearly salary and a cash bonus based on the Company’s Adjusted EBITDA, Mr. Lavelle was granted the right to receive certain stock-based compensation as discussed below: - - - An initial stock grant of 200,000 fully vested shares of Class A Common Stock issued under the 2012 Plan. Compensation expense of $830 was recognized during the year ended February 29, 2020 based upon the grant fair value of $4.15 per share. Additional stock grants of 100,000 shares of Class A Common Stock to be issued on each of March 1, 2020, March 1, 2021, and March 1, 2022 under the 2012 Plan. Compensation expense of $157, $409, and $679 was recognized during the years ended February 28, 2022, February 28, 2021, and February 29, 2020, respectively, based upon the grant fair value of $4.15 per share using the graded vesting attribution method. Grant of market stock units (“MSU’s”) up to a maximum value of $5,000, based upon the achievement of a 90-calendar day average stock price of no less than $5.49 over the performance period ending on the third and fifth anniversary of the effective date of the Employment Agreement. The value of the MSU award increases based upon predetermined targeted 90- calendar day average stock prices with a maximum of $5,000 if the 90-calendar day average high stock price equals or exceeds $15.00. The award is weighted toward achievement of a significant increase in our stock price as half of the award will be granted to Mr. Lavelle only if the 90-calendar day high stock price equals or exceeds $13.00. The average stock price is calculated based on the highest average closing price of one share of our Class A common stock, as reported on the NASDAQ Stock Market during any 90-calendar day period prior to each measurement date. The number of shares to be issued under the 2012 Plan related to the MSUs based upon achievement of the maximum award value of $5,000, and if issued at $15.00 per share, is estimated at 333,333 shares. Actual results may differ based upon when the high average stock price is achieved and settled. The Company used a Monte Carlo simulation to calculate the fair value of the award on the grant date. A Monte Carlo simulation requires the use of various assumptions, including the stock price volatility and risk- free interest rate as of the valuation date. We recognized stock-based compensation expense of $241, $241, and $157 for the years ended February 28, 2022, February 28, 2021, and February 29, 2020, respectively, related to these MSU’s using the graded vesting attribution method over the performance period. As of February 28, 2022, all of the MSU’s remain outstanding. All stock grants under the Employment Agreement are subject to a hold requirement as specified in the Employment Agreement. The Employment Agreement gave Mr. Lavelle, in certain limited change of control situations, the right to require the Company to purchase the shares in connection with the Employment Agreement, shares personally acquired by Mr. Lavelle, and shares issued to him under other incentive compensation arrangements. Accordingly, the stock awards issued in connection with the Employment Agreement are presented as redeemable equity on the consolidated balance sheet at grant-date fair value. Shares previously held by Mr. Lavelle under the 2014 Plan and those personally purchased by Mr. Lavelle have been reclassified from permanent equity to redeemable equity. As the contingent events that would allow Mr. Lavelle to redeem the shares are not probable at this time, remeasurement of the amounts in redeemable equity have not been recorded. The Employment Agreement contains certain restrictive and non-solicitation covenants. 83 The following table presents a summary of the activity related to the 2014 Plan and the initial stock grant and additional stock grants under the Employment Agreement for the year ended February 28, 2022: Unvested share balance at February 28, 2019 Granted Vested Vested and settled Forfeited Unvested share balance at February 29, 2020 Granted Vested Vested and settled Forfeited Unvested share balance at February 28, 2021 Granted Vested Vested and settled Forfeited Unvested share balance at February 28, 2022 Number of shares Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value 470,807 $ 571,352 (127,007) (200,000) — 715,152 $ 88,269 (99,697) (100,000) — 603,724 $ 48,527 (197,891) (100,000) — 354,360 $ 5.49 4.21 4.18 4.15 — 5.07 7.18 7.21 4.15 — 5.18 13.59 5.76 4.15 — 6.30 At February 28, 2022, there were 476,209 shares of vested and unissued shares under the 2014 Plan with a weighted average fair value of $6.90. During the year ended February 28, 2021, vested RSU awards for two of the Company’s former employees, totaling 105,123 award units, were settled in cash in an amount totaling $575. During the years ended February 28, 2022, February 28, 2021 and February 29, 2020 the Company recorded $907, $1,749 and $2,282, respectively, in stock-based compensation related to the 2014 Plan, and the initial stock grant, additional stock grants, and MSU’s under the Employment Agreement. As of February 28, 2022, unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to unvested RSU’s was approximately $1,220 and will be recognized over the requisite service period of each employee. 84 v) Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss Balance at February 28, 2019 Other comprehensive loss before reclassifications Reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income Net current-period other comprehensive loss Balance at February 29, 2020 Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications Reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss Net current-period other comprehensive income (loss) Balance at February 28, 2021 Other comprehensive (loss) income before reclassifications Reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss Net current-period other comprehensive (loss) income Balance at February 28, 2022 Foreign Currency Translation (Losses) Gains Pension plan adjustments, net of tax Derivatives designated in a hedging relationship, net of tax $ $ $ $ (16,222) $ (1,517) — (1,517) (17,739) $ 4,365 - 4,365 (13,374) $ (3,317) - (3,317) (16,691) $ (798) $ (89) — (89) (887) $ 18 - 18 (869) $ 158 - 158 (711) $ 76 $ (157) (348) (505) (429) $ (470) 165 (305) (734) $ 485 148 633 (101) $ Total (16,944) (1,763) (348) (2,111) (19,055) 3,913 165 4,078 (14,977) (2,674) 148 (2,526) (17,503) During the years ended February 28, 2022, February 28, 2021 and February 29, 2020, the Company recorded other comprehensive income (loss), net of associated tax impact of $(40), (74) and $38, respectively, related to pension plan adjustments, and $(101), $106 and $35, respectively, related to derivatives designated in a hedging relationship. The other comprehensive (loss) income before reclassification for foreign currency translation of $(3,317), $4,365, and $(1,517), respectively, includes the remeasurement of intercompany transactions of a long term investment nature of $320, (1,244) and $(56), respectively, with certain subsidiaries whose functional currency is not the U.S. dollar, and $(3,637), $5,608 and $(1,461), respectively, from translating the financial statements of the Company's non-U.S. dollar functional currency subsidiaries into our reporting currency, which is the U.S. dollar. Intercompany loans and transactions that are of a long-term investment nature are remeasured and resulting gains and losses shall be reported in the same manner as translation adjustments. Within foreign currency translation (losses) gains in Other comprehensive (loss) income for the years ended February 28, 2022, February 28, 2021 and February 29, 2020, the Company recorded total gains (losses) of $(2,728), $4,136, and $(1,435), respectively, related to the Euro; $(245), $261, and $(22), respectively, related to the Canadian Dollar; $25, (53) and $(17), respectively, for the Mexican Peso, as well as $(120), $21 and $(24), respectively, for various other currencies. For the year ended February 28, 2022, Other comprehensive (loss) income also included foreign currency gains of $(249) from the Japanese Yen, generated by the Company’s Onkyo subsidiary, which was established in September 2021 and was not present in previous fiscal years. These adjustments were caused by the strengthening/(weakening) of the U.S. Dollar against the Euro, Canadian Dollar, and the Mexican Peso between -2% and 8% in Fiscal 2022, -10% and 6% in Fiscal 2021, and 2% and 4% in Fiscal 2020. w) New Accounting Pronouncements In March 2020 and January 2021, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-04, “Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting” and ASU No. 2021-01, “Reference Rate Reform: Scope,” respectively. Together, these ASU’s provide 85 optional expedients and exceptions for applying U.S. GAAP to contract modifications and hedging relationships that reference LIBOR or another reference rate expected to be discontinued because of reference rate reform. ASU 2020-04 provides, among other things, guidance that modifications of contracts within the scope of Topic 470, Debt, should be accounted for by prospectively adjusting the effective interest rate; modifications of contracts within the scope of Topic 840, Leases, should be accounted for as a continuation of the existing contract; and, changes in the critical terms of hedging relationships caused by reference rate reform should not result in the de-designation of the instrument, provided certain criteria are met. ASU 2021-01 clarifies the scope and application of ASU 2020-04 and among other things, permits entities to elect certain optional expedients and exceptions when accounting for derivative contracts and certain hedging relationships affected by changes in the interest rates used for discounting cash flows. The Company’s exposure to LIBOR rates includes its Credit Facility, as well as its Florida Mortgage and related interest swap agreement. These optional expedients and exceptions are effective as of March 12, 2020 through December 31, 2022. Adoption is permitted at any time. The Company is currently evaluating the impact this update may have on its consolidated financial statements. In October 2021, the FASB issued ASU No. 2021-08, “Accounting for Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities from Contracts With Customers,” which amends the accounting for contract assets acquired and contract liabilities assumed from contracts with customers in business combinations (“acquired contract balances”). The update requires contract assets and contract liabilities from contracts with customers that are acquired in a business combination to be recognized and measured as if the acquirer had originated the original contract. Previously, acquired contract assets and liabilities were measured at fair value. The ASU is effective for fiscal years ending after December 15, 2022. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact this update may have on its consolidated financial statements. 2) Acquisitions Onkyo On April 29, 2021, the Company’s subsidiary, PAC signed a Letter of Intent to acquire the home audio/video business of Onkyo Home Entertainment Corporation (“OHEC”), along with Sharp Corporation (“Sharp”) as PAC’s partner. On May 26, 2021, PAC and Sharp signed an asset purchase agreement (“APA”) to jointly acquire the home audio/video business of OHEC through a joint venture entity. The APA was approved by OHEC’s shareholders at its ordinary general meeting of shareholders on June 25, 2021 and on June 28, 2021, the Company announced that PAC had entered into a joint venture with Sharp in order to execute the transaction. PAC owns 77.2% of the joint venture and has 85.1% voting interest and Sharp owns 22.8% of the joint venture and has 14.9% voting interest. On September 8, 2021, the newly formed joint venture, Onkyo Technology KK (“Onkyo”), completed the transaction to acquire the home audio/video business of OHEC. The acquired assets consisted of intangible assets. The joint venture agreement between PAC and Sharp also contains a put/call arrangement, whereby Sharp has the right to put its interest in the joint venture back to Voxx and Voxx has the right to the call Sharp’s ownership interest in the joint venture at any time after the approval of Onkyo’s annual financial statements for the year ending February 28, 2025 at a purchase price based on a formula as defined in the joint venture agreement. 86 The following summarizes the preliminary allocation of the purchase price based upon the fair value of the assets acquired at the date of acquisition: Purchase price: Cash paid Assignment of notes and interest receivable Fair value of contingent consideration Total transaction consideration Allocation: Intangible assets Goodwill Total assets acquired September 8, 2021 Measurement Period Adjustments September 8, 2021 (as adjusted) $ $ $ $ 21,989 8,417 6,710 37,116 26,929 10,187 37,116 $ $ $ $ - $ - 68 68 $ (7,905) $ 7,973 68 21,989 8,417 6,778 37,184 19,024 18,160 37,184 During the fourth quarter of Fiscal 2022, the Company recorded a net measurement period adjustment that increased goodwill by $ 7,973. The measurement period adjustment would have resulted in a decrease in amortization expense related to tradenames and technology in the third quarter of Fiscal 2022 and was not significant. The purchase price allocation presented above is based upon preliminary estimates, including Level 3 inputs which were unobservable and subject to change. The assets acquired include tradenames, technology, and goodwill. The amounts assigned to goodwill and intangible assets for the acquisition are as follows: Goodwill Tradenames Technology September 8, 2021 (as adjusted) $ $ 18,160 12,468 6,556 37,184 Amortization Period (Years) N/A 10 5 Contingent consideration is payable to OHEC based upon the calculation of 2% of the total price of certain future product purchases, as defined in the APA, by PAC. Such payments will be made to OHEC in perpetuity. The fair value of the contingent consideration was determined using an income approach, by estimating potential payments based on projections of future inventory purchases multiplied by the 2% payment and discounting them back to their present values using a weighted average cost of capital. A second discount rate was applied to account for the Company’s credit risk to arrive at the present value of the payments. As there is no set term and the payments will be made in perpetuity, a one- stage Gordon Growth Model was used to account for expected payments made beyond the last year of projections. The preliminary fair value of the intangible assets and contingent consideration were estimated with the assistance of a third-party valuation expert. The purchase price allocation above is preliminary. We are in the process of refining the valuation of acquired assets, including goodwill, and expect to finalize the purchase price allocation no later than one year after the acquisition date, which is September 8, 2022. Finalization of the valuation during the measurement period could result in significant changes in the amounts recorded for the acquisition date fair value. Goodwill was determined as the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the assets acquired, including identifiable intangible assets, all of which is deductible for tax purposes. Goodwill represents workforce and expected cash flow generation for the Onkyo business that does not qualify for separate recognition as intangible assets. The Company consolidates the financial results of Onkyo since the acquisition date for financial reporting purposes. The non-controlling interest has been classified as redeemable non-controlling interest outside of 87 equity on the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheet as the exercise of the put option is not within the Company’s control. The carrying value of the redeemable non-controlling interest of Onkyo cannot be less than the redemption amount, which is the amount the put option would be settled for if exercised. Adjustments to reconcile the carrying value to the redemption amount are recorded immediately to retained earnings. No adjustment was made to the carrying amount of the redeemable non-controlling interest at February 28, 2022 as the carrying amount was in excess of the redemption amount. The following table provides the rollforward of the redeemable non-controlling interest for the year ended February 28, 2022: Balance at February 28, 2021 Initial investment by Sharp Net loss attributable to non-controlling interest Foreign currency translation Balance at February 28, 2022 Redeemable Non-controlling Interest $ $ - 2,069 (1,483) (75) 511 The purpose of this acquisition was to expand the Company’s market share and product offerings within the premium audio industry. The joint venture owns the Onkyo and Integra brands and has the licensing rights to the Pioneer brands, and will market and sell a variety of products under the Onkyo, Integra, and Pioneer brands. Onkyo’s results of operations are included in the consolidated financial statements of Voxx in our Consumer Electronics segment from September 8, 2021, and represent approximately 0.8% of the Company’s net sales for the year ended February 28, 2022. Prior to the acquisition, PAC operated under a distribution agreement with OHEC through its 11 Trading Company subsidiary, selling Onkyo and Pioneer products to Voxx customers. No additional customer contracts were acquired in conjunction with the acquisition and 11TC continues to sell these products to the same pre-acquisition customer base. Historical financial statements for Onkyo prior to the acquisition were not available and it is impracticable for the Company to determine the impact the acquisition would have had on the Company’s revenue or net (loss) income had it been included in the consolidated results of the Company for the full year ended February 28, 2022, or the year ended February 28, 2021. Directed LLC and Directed Electronics Canada, Inc. On July 1, 2020, the Company completed the acquisition of certain assets and liabilities, which comprise the aftermarket vehicle remote start and security systems and connected car solutions (telematics) businesses of Directed LLC and Directed Electronics Canada Inc. (collectively, with Directed LLC, “Directed”) via an asset purchase agreement. The acquired assets included inventory, accounts receivable, certain fixed assets, IT systems, and intellectual property. The cash purchase price was $11,000. Net sales from the Company’s newly formed subsidiaries, VOXX DEI LLC and VOXX DEI Canada, Ltd. (collectively, with VOXX DEI LLC, “DEI”), included in our consolidated results for the years ended February 28, 2022 and February 28, 2021 represented approximately 10.4% and 8.4% of our consolidated net sales, respectively. DEI’s results of operations are included in the consolidated financial statements of Voxx in our Automotive Electronics segment. The purpose of this acquisition was to expand the Company’s market share within the automotive electronics industry. 88 The following summarizes the allocation of the purchase price based upon the fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the date of acquisition: Assets acquired: Inventory Accounts receivable Other current assets Property and equipment Operating lease, right of use asset Customer relationships Trademarks Patented technology Goodwill Total assets acquired Liabilities assumed: Accounts payable Accrued expenses Contract liabilities Warranty accrual Operating lease liability Total Total purchase price July 1, 2020 Measurement Period Adjustments July 1, 2020 (as adjusted) $ $ $ $ 7,054 5,173 160 2,815 1,771 2,600 4,500 1,030 3,290 28,393 $ 8,144 1,406 4,872 1,200 1,771 17,393 $ 11,000 $ 956 357 - - - (100) - - (1,690) (477) $ - (136) 11 (352) - (477) $ - $ 8,010 5,530 160 2,815 1,771 2,500 4,500 1,030 1,600 27,916 8,144 1,270 4,883 848 1,771 16,916 11,000 During Fiscal 2022 and Fiscal 2021, the Company recorded cumulative net measurement period adjustments that decreased goodwill by $1,690, as presented in the table above. The measurement period adjustment would have resulted in an insignificant decrease in amortization expense related to the customer relationships in the second quarter of Fiscal 2021. The Company made these measurement period adjustments to reflect facts and circumstances that existed as of the acquisition date and did not result from intervening events subsequent to such date. Goodwill was determined as the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the assets acquired (including the identifiable intangible assets) and represents synergies expected. Vehicle Safety Holdings Corp. On January 31, 2020, Voxx acquired certain assets and assumed certain liabilities of Vehicle Safety Holdings Corp. (“VSHC”) via an asset purchase agreement for a cash purchase price of $16,500. Results of operations from the Company’s newly formed subsidiary, VSM-Rostra LLC (“VSM”), have been included in the consolidated financial statements of Voxx, in our Automotive Electronics segment, from the date of acquisition. Net sales from VSM included in our consolidated results represented 4.2% of our consolidated net sales for both of the years ended February 28, 2022 and February 28, 2021 and less than 1% for the year ended February 29, 2020. The purpose of this acquisition was to expand the Company’s product offerings and market share, as VSM is a leading developer, manufacturer, and distributor of automotive safety electronics. 89 The following summarizes the allocation of the purchase price based upon the fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the date of acquisition: Assets acquired: Inventory Accounts receivable Right of use assets Other current assets Property and equipment Customer relationships Trademarks Patented technology Goodwill Other non-current assets Total assets acquired Liabilities assumed: Accounts payable Accrued expenses Lease liabilities Warranty accrual Total Total purchase price January 31, 2020 Measurement Period Adjustments January 31, 2020 (as adjusted) $ 6,982 3,415 483 145 714 5,460 560 280 215 3 $ 18,257 $ 757 329 483 188 1,757 $ 16,500 $ $ $ (76) (187) - - - - - - 357 - 94 $ - 94 - - 94 $ - $ 6,906 3,228 483 145 714 5,460 560 280 572 3 18,351 757 423 483 188 1,851 16,500 During Fiscal 2021, the Company recorded a cumulative net measurement period adjustment that increased goodwill by $357, as presented in the table above. The measurement period adjustment had no impact on the results of the previous periods. The Company made these measurement period adjustments to reflect facts and circumstances that existed as of the acquisition date and did not result from intervening events subsequent to such date. Goodwill was determined as the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the assets acquired (including the identifiable intangible assets) and represents synergies expected. 3) Variable Interest Entities A variable interest entity ("VIE") is an entity that either (i) has insufficient equity to permit the entity to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support, or (ii) has equity investors who lack the characteristics of a controlling financial interest. Under ASC 810 “Consolidation,” an entity that holds a variable interest in a VIE and meets certain requirements would be considered to be the primary beneficiary of the VIE and required to consolidate the VIE in its consolidated financial statements. In order to be considered the primary beneficiary of a VIE, an entity must hold a variable interest in the VIE and have both: • • the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the economic performance of the VIE; and the right to receive benefits from, or the obligation to absorb losses of, the VIE that could be potentially significant to the VIE. Effective September 1, 2015, Voxx acquired a majority voting interest in substantially all of the assets and certain specified liabilities of EyeLock, Inc. and EyeLock Corporation, a market leader of iris-based identity authentication solutions, through a newly formed entity, EyeLock LLC. The Company has issued EyeLock LLC a promissory note for the purposes of repaying protective advances and funding working 90 capital requirements of the company. On August 29, 2021, this promissory note was amended and restated to allow EyeLock LLC to borrow up to maximum of $68,200. Through March 1, 2019, interest on the outstanding principal of the loan accrued at 10%. From March 1, 2019 forward, interest accrues at 2.5%. The amended and restated promissory note is due on December 31, 2022. The outstanding principal balance of this promissory note is convertible at the sole option of Voxx into units of EyeLock LLC. If Voxx chooses not to convert into equity, the outstanding loan principal of the amended and restated promissory note will be repaid at a multiple of 1.50 based on the repayment date. The agreement includes customary events of default and is collateralized by all of the property of EyeLock LLC. We have determined that we hold a variable interest in EyeLock LLC as a result of: • • our majority voting interest and ownership of substantially all of the assets and certain liabilities of the entity; and the loan agreement with EyeLock LLC, which has a total outstanding principal balance of $66,390 as of February 28, 2022. We concluded that we became the primary beneficiary of EyeLock LLC on September 1, 2015 in conjunction with the acquisition. This was the first date that we had the power to direct the activities of EyeLock LLC that most significantly impact the economic performance of the entity because we acquired a majority interest in substantially all of the assets and certain liabilities of EyeLock Inc. and EyeLock Corporation on this date, as well as obtained a majority voting interest as a result of this transaction. Although we are considered to have control over EyeLock LLC under ASC 810, as a result of our majority ownership interest, the assets of EyeLock LLC can only be used to satisfy the obligations of EyeLock LLC. As a result of our majority ownership interest in the entity and our primary beneficiary conclusion, we consolidated EyeLock LLC in our consolidated financial statements beginning on September 1, 2015. On April 29, 2021, EyeLock LLC entered into a three-year exclusive distribution agreement (the “Agreement”) with GalvanEyes LLC (“GalvanEyes”), a Florida LLC managed by Beat Kahli, the largest holder of Voxx’s Class A Common Shares. The Agreement provides that GalvanEyes will become the exclusive distributor of EyeLock products in the European Union, Switzerland, Puerto Rico, Malaysia, and Singapore, with the exception of any existing customer relationships. GalvanEyes was also granted exclusive distribution rights in the United States for the residential real estate market and specific U.S. Government agencies, and non-exclusive distribution rights in all other territories and verticals with the Company’s consent. The Agreement also includes a put/call arrangement, whereby GalvanEyes has the right to put the exclusivity back to EyeLock after the initial two-year period for a 20.0% interest in EyeLock. In turn, EyeLock has the ability to call the exclusivity during the term of the Agreement, based on the occurrence of certain events, which would result in a 20.0% equity interest given to GalvanEyes. Under the Agreement, in addition to paying for any products purchased, GalvanEyes has agreed to pay EyeLock $10,000 in the form of an annual fee, over a two-year period, of up to $5,000 per year, with payments on a quarterly basis beginning on September 1, 2021. Any gross profit generated on the sale of EyeLock LLC products by GalvanEyes will be deducted from the annual fee. The value of the put/call arrangement was not significant at February 28, 2022. On February 28, 2022, the Company received a payment in the amount of $1,250 for the quarterly installment payment due from GalvanEyes for the three months ended February 28, 2022. The Company has also recorded a corresponding liability within Other long-term liabilities on the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheet, representing a prepayment made by GalvanEyes of a 20% interest in EyeLock upon exercise of the put option. The balance of this liability at February 28, 2022 is $2,451, which includes the balance receivable at February 28, 2022, as well as previous payments received to date. 91 Assets and Liabilities of EyeLock LLC The following table sets forth the carrying values of assets and liabilities of EyeLock LLC that were included on our Consolidated Balance Sheets as of February 28, 2022 and February 28, 2021: February 28, 2022 February 28, 2021 Assets Current assets: Cash and cash equivalents Accounts receivable, net Inventory, net Prepaid expenses and other current assets Total current assets Property, plant and equipment, net Intangible assets, net Other assets Total assets Liabilities and Partners' Deficit Current liabilities: Accounts payable Interest payable to VOXX Accrued expenses and other current liabilities Due to VOXX Total current liabilities Other long-term liabilities Total liabilities Commitments and contingencies Partners' deficit: Capital Retained losses Total partners' deficit Total liabilities and partners' deficit The assets of EyeLock LLC can only be used to satisfy the obligations of EyeLock LLC. 92 $ $ $ 25 $ 47 2,028 245 2,345 39 2,057 59 4,500 $ 1,023 $ 13,099 766 66,390 81,278 3,651 84,929 - 167 2,245 30 2,442 39 2,329 60 4,870 1,396 11,453 824 61,072 74,745 1,200 75,945 41,416 (121,845) (80,429) $ 4,500 $ 41,416 (112,491) (71,075) 4,870 Revenue and Expenses of EyeLock LLC The following table sets forth the revenue and expenses of EyeLock LLC that were included in our Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive (Loss) Income for the years ended February 28, 2022, February 28, 2021, and February 29, 2020: Year Ended Year Ended Year Ended February 28, 2021 February 28, 2022 February 29, 2020 Net sales Cost of sales Gross profit Operating expenses: Selling General and administrative Engineering and technical support Intangible asset impairment charges (Note 1(k)) Total operating expenses Operating loss Other (expense) income: Interest and bank charges Other, net Total other expense, net Loss before income taxes Income tax expense Net loss $ 882 $ 694 188 836 $ 1,025 (189) 653 1,410 5,817 - 7,880 (7,692) (1,662) — (1,662) (9,354) — (9,354) $ 603 1,785 4,674 - 7,062 (7,251) (1,475) — (1,475) (8,726) — (8,726) $ $ 476 826 (350) 710 4,625 5,144 27,402 37,881 (38,231) (1,279) 81 (1,198) (39,429) — (39,429) 4) 5) Receivables from Vendors The Company has recorded receivables from vendors in the amount of $363 and $277 as of February 28, 2022 and February 28, 2021, respectively. Receivables from vendors primarily represent prepayments on product shipments and product reimbursements. Equity Investment The Company has a 50% non-controlling ownership interest in ASA Electronics, LLC and Subsidiary ("ASA"), which acts as a distributor of mobile electronics specifically designed for niche markets within the Automotive industry, including RV’s; buses; and commercial, heavy duty, agricultural, construction, powersport, and marine vehicles. ASC 810 requires the Company to evaluate non-consolidated entities periodically, and as circumstances change, to determine if an implied controlling interest exists. During Fiscal 2022, the Company evaluated this equity investment and concluded that ASA is not a variable interest entity. ASA’s fiscal year end is November 30, 2021; however, the results of ASA as of and through February 28, 2022 have been recorded in the consolidated financial statements. 93 The following presents summary financial information of ASA. Such summary financial information has been provided herein based upon the individual significance of ASA to the consolidated financial information of the Company. Current assets Non-current assets Liabilities Members' equity Net sales Gross profit Operating income Net income February 28, 2022 February 28, 2021 49,956 $ 4,757 8,179 46,534 46,202 $ 7,382 10,888 42,696 Twelve Months Ended February 28, 2022 Twelve Months Ended February 28, 2021 Twelve Months Ended February 29, 2020 $ 114,825 $ 27,517 15,695 15,780 95,866 $ 24,124 12,938 14,700 98,632 21,342 10,014 10,348 The Company's share of income from ASA for the years ended February 28, 2022, February 28, 2021 and February 29, 2020 was $7,890, $7,350 and $5,174, respectively. In addition, the Company received cash distributions from ASA totaling $9,809, $6,009 and $5,136 during the years ended February 28, 2022, February 28, 2021 and February 29, 2020, respectively. Undistributed earnings from equity investments amounted to $16,022 and $17,941 at February 28, 2022 and February 28, 2021, respectively. Net sales transactions between the Company and ASA were $315, $260 and $501 for the years ended February 28, 2022, February 28, 2021 and February 29, 2020, respectively. Accounts receivable balances from ASA were $68 and $37 as of February 28, 2022 and February 28, 2021, respectively. 6) Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities Accrued expenses and other current liabilities consist of the following: Commissions Employee compensation Professional fees and accrued settlements Future warranty Refund liability Freight and duty Royalties, advertising and other Total accrued expenses and other current liabilities 94 February 28, 2022 February 28, 2021 $ $ 934 $ 17,082 1,620 4,470 5,469 10,342 14,742 54,659 $ 971 18,283 922 4,403 5,145 11,134 12,534 53,392 Included in royalties, advertising, and other in the table above as of February 28, 2022 and February 28, 2021 are accrued environmental charges of $337 and $394, respectively, related to soil contamination at one of the Company's operating facilities in Germany that is in the process of being remediated at February 28, 2022. Charges initially accrued during the year ended February 28, 2019 were estimated based on assessments asserted by a local government authority and estimates provided by a third-party engineering firm. 7) Financing Arrangements The Company has the following financing arrangements: Domestic credit facility (a) Florida mortgage (b) Euro asset-based lending obligation - VOXX Germany (c) Shareholder loan payable to Sharp (d) Total debt Less: current portion of long-term debt Long-term debt before debt issuance costs Less: debt issuance costs Total long-term debt a) Domestic Bank Obligations February 28, 2022 February 28, 2021 $ $ — 6,614 1,906 4,718 13,238 2,406 10,832 1,046 9,786 $ $ — 7,114 — — 7,114 500 6,614 652 5,962 The Company has a senior secured credit facility (the “Credit Facility") with Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. (“Wells Fargo”) that provides for a revolving credit facility with committed availability of up to $140,000. The Credit Facility also includes a $30,000 sublimit for letters of credit and a $15,000 sublimit for swingline loans. The availability under the revolving credit line within the Credit Facility is subject to a borrowing base, which is based on eligible accounts receivable, eligible inventory and certain real estate, subject to reserves as determined by the lender, and is also limited by amounts outstanding under the Florida Mortgage (see Note 7(b)). As of February 28, 2022, there was no balance outstanding under the revolving credit facility. The remaining availability under the revolving credit line of the Credit Facility was $127,486 as of February 28, 2022. Any amounts outstanding under the Credit Facility will mature and become immediately due on April 19, 2026; however, the Credit Facility is subject to acceleration upon the occurrence of an Event of Default (as defined in the Credit Agreement). The Company may prepay any amounts outstanding at any time, subject to payment of certain breakage and redeployment costs relating to LIBOR Rate Loans. Commitments under the Credit Facility may be irrevocably reduced at any time, without premium or penalty as set forth in the Credit Facility. 95 Generally, the Company may designate specific borrowings under the Credit Facility as either Base Rate Loans or LIBOR Rate Loans, except that swingline loans may only be designated as Base Rate Loans. Loans under the Credit Facility designated as LIBOR Rate Loans shall bear interest at a rate equal to the then-applicable LIBOR Rate plus a range of 1.75% - 2.25% (2.00% at February 28, 2022). Loans under the Credit Facility designated as Base Rate Loans shall bear interest at a rate equal to the applicable margin for Base Rate Loans of 0.75% - 1.25%, as defined in the agreement and shall not be lower than 1.75% (4.00% at February 28, 2022). The amendment to the Credit Facility in April 2021 provided for a Benchmark Replacement that will replace the LIBOR rate for all revolver usage. The Benchmark Replacement is subject to the occurrence of a Benchmark Transition Event, as defined in the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement and becomes effective after a five-day transition period following the event. Provided the Company is in a Compliance Period (the period commencing on the day in which Excess Availability is less than 20% of the Maximum Revolver Amount and ending on a day in which Excess Availability is equal to or greater than 20% for any consecutive 30-day period thereafter), the Credit Facility requires compliance with a financial covenant calculated as of the last day of each month consisting of a Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio. The Credit Facility also contains covenants, subject to defined carveouts, that limit the ability of the loan parties and certain of their subsidiaries which are not loan parties to, among other things: (i) incur additional indebtedness; (ii) incur liens; (iii) merge, consolidate or dispose of a substantial portion of their business; (iv) transfer or dispose of assets; (v) change their name, organizational identification number, state or province of organization or organizational identity; (vi) make any material change in their nature of business; (vii) prepay or otherwise acquire indebtedness; (viii) cause any change of control; (ix) make any restricted junior payment; (x) change their fiscal year or method of accounting; (xi) make advances, loans or investments; (xii) enter into or permit any transaction with an affiliate of any borrower or any of their subsidiaries; (xiii) use proceeds for certain items; (xiv) issue or sell any of their stock; (xv) consign or sell any of their inventory on certain terms. In addition, if excess availability under the Credit Facility were to fall below certain specified levels, as defined in the Credit Facility, the lenders would have the right to assume dominion and control over the Company's cash. As of February 28, 2022, the Company was not in a Compliance Period. The obligations under the Credit Facility are secured by a general lien on, and security interest in, substantially all of the assets of the borrowers and certain of the guarantors, including accounts receivable, equipment, real estate, general intangibles, and inventory. The Company has guaranteed the obligations of the borrowers under the Credit Facility. The Company has deferred financing costs related to the Credit Facility and previous amendments and modifications of the Credit Facility. In conjunction with the amendment to its Credit Facility on April 19, 2021, the Company incurred additional financing fees of $667 that will be amortized over the remaining term of the facility. The Company accounted for the April 2021 amendment to the Credit Facility as a modification of debt. Deferred financing costs are included in Long-term debt on the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets as a contra-liability balance and are amortized through Interest and bank charges in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive (Loss) Income over the remaining term of the Credit Facility. The Company amortized $241 during the year ended February 28, 2022 and $539 during both of the years ended February 28, 2021 and February 29, 2020. The net unamortized balance of these deferred financing costs at February 28, 2022 is $922. Charges incurred on the unused portion of the Credit Facility and its predecessor revolving credit facility during the years ended February 28, 2022, February 28, 2021 and February 29, 2020 totaled $739, $504 and $503, respectively, and are included within Interest and Bank Charges on the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive (Loss) Income. 96 b) Florida Mortgage On July 6, 2015, VOXX HQ LLC, the Company’s wholly owned subsidiary, closed on a $9,995 industrial development revenue tax exempt bond under a loan agreement in favor of the Orange County Industrial Development Authority (the “Authority”) to finance the construction of the Company's manufacturing facility and executive offices in Lake Nona, Florida (the “Construction Loan”). Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. ("Wells Fargo") was the purchaser of the bond and U.S. Bank National Association is the trustee under an Indenture of Trust with the Authority. Voxx borrowed the proceeds of the bond purchase from the Authority during construction as a revolving loan, which converted to a permanent mortgage upon completion of the facility in January 2016 (the "Florida Mortgage"). The Company makes principal and interest payments to Wells Fargo, which began March 1, 2016 and will continue through March of 2026. The Florida Mortgage bears interest at 70% of 1-month LIBOR plus 1.54% (1.71% at February 28, 2022) and is secured by a first mortgage on the property, a collateral assignment of leases and rents and a guaranty by the Company. The Company is in compliance with the financial covenants of the Florida Mortgage, which are as defined in the Company’s Credit Facility with Wells Fargo dated April 26, 2016 and amended in April 2021. The amendment to the Credit Facility in April 2021 provided for a Benchmark Replacement that will replace the LIBOR rate for the Florida Mortgage. The Benchmark Replacement is subject to the occurrence of a Benchmark Transition Event, as defined in the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement and becomes effective after a five-day transition period following the event The Company incurred debt financing costs totaling approximately $332 as a result of obtaining the Florida Mortgage, which are recorded as deferred financing costs and included in Long-term debt as a contra-liability balance on the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets and are being amortized through Interest and bank charges in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive (Loss) Income over the ten-year term of the Florida Mortgage. The Company amortized $31 of these costs during each of the years ended February 28, 2022, February 28, 2021, and February 29, 2020. The net unamortized balance of these deferred financing costs at February 28, 2022 is $124. On July 20, 2015, the Company entered into an interest rate swap agreement in order to hedge interest rate exposure related to the Florida Mortgage and pays a fixed rate of 3.48% under the swap agreement (see Note 1(e)). c) Euro Asset-Based Lending Obligation – VOXX Germany Foreign bank obligations include a Euro Asset-Based Lending ("ABL") credit facility, which has a credit limit of €8,000, for the Company's subsidiary, VOXX Germany, which expires on July 31, 2023. The rate of interest for the ABL is the three-month Euribor plus 2.30% (2.30% at February 28, 2022). d) Shareholder Loan Payable to Sharp Asset In conjunction with the capitalization and funding of the Company’s Onkyo joint venture with its partner Sharp, which was created in order to execute the acquisition of the home audio/video business of OHEC on September 8, 2021 (see Note 2), Onkyo entered into a loan agreement with the shareholders of the joint venture, PAC and Sharp. The loan balance outstanding at February 28, 2022 represents the portion of the loan payable to Sharp. The loan balance due to PAC eliminates in consolidation. All amounts outstanding under the loan will mature and become payable ten years from the execution date of the acquisition, which is September 8, 2031. The loan may be prepaid subject the approval of the board of directors of the joint venture and must be repaid if either the put or call option is exercised in accordance with the joint venture agreement. The rate of interest for the shareholder loan is 2.5% and the loan is secured by a second priority lien on and secured interest in all assets of Onkyo. 97 The following is a maturity table for debt and bank obligations outstanding at February 28, 2022 for each of the following fiscal years: 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 Thereafter Total $ $ 2,406 500 500 500 500 8,832 13,238 The weighted-average interest rate on short-term debt was 2.66% for Fiscal 2022 and 3.48% for Fiscal 2021. Interest expense related to the Company's financing arrangements for the years ended February 28, 2022, February 28, 2021 and February 29, 2020 was $550, $825 and $799, respectively, of which $326 was related to the Credit Facility for the year ended February 28, 2021. For the years ended February 28, 2022 and February 29, 2020, none of the Company’s interest expense was related to the Credit Facility, as there was no outstanding balance during these years. 8) Income Taxes The components of income (loss) before the provision (benefit) for income taxes are as follows: Domestic Operations Foreign Operations Year Ended February 28, 2022 Year Ended February 28, 2021 Year Ended February 29, 2020 $ $ (26,665) $ 826 (25,839) $ 24,485 $ 3,153 27,638 $ (47,249) 6,309 (40,940) The provision (benefit) for income taxes is comprised of the following: Current provision (benefit) Federal State Foreign Total current provision Deferred (benefit) provision Federal State Foreign Total deferred (benefit) provision Total (benefit) provision Federal State Foreign Total provision Year Ended February 28, 2022 Year Ended February 28, 2021 Year Ended February 29, 2020 20 $ 804 2,148 2,972 $ (2,300) $ 1,010 (56) (1,346) $ (2,280) $ 1,814 2,092 1,626 $ (10) $ 1,172 496 1,658 $ 3,362 $ (84) (664) 2,614 $ 3,352 $ 1,088 (168) 4,272 $ (26) 395 1,824 2,193 (1,850) (564) 1,103 (1,311) (1,876) (169) 2,927 882 $ $ $ $ $ $ 98 The effective tax rate before income taxes varies from the current statutory U.S. federal income tax rate as follows: Tax benefit at Federal statutory rates State income taxes, net of Federal benefit Change in valuation allowance Change in tax reserves Non-controlling interest U.S. effects of foreign operations Permanent differences and other U.S. GILTI inclusion Change in tax rate Research & development credits Foreign derived intangible income deduction Foreign tax credits Effective tax rate $ $ Year Ended February 28, 2022 (5,426) (282) 7,214 (227) 766 787 581 232 105 243 (975) (1,392) 1,626 21.0% $ 1.1 (28.0) 0.9 (3.0) (3.1) (2.2) (0.9) (0.4) (0.9) 3.8 5.4 (6.3)% $ Year Ended February 28, 2021 5,804 983 (3,365) (311) 714 412 (192) 521 102 - - (396) 4,272 21.0% $ 3.5 (12.2) (1.1) 2.6 1.5 (0.7) 1.9 0.4 - - (1.4) 15.5% $ Year Ended February 29, 2020 (8,598) (611) 4,218 (52) 3,229 1,403 1,170 710 (151) - - (436) 882 21.0% 1.5 (10.3) - (7.9) (3.4) (2.9) (1.7) 0.4 - - 1.1 (2.2)% The U.S. effects of foreign operations include differences in the statutory tax rates of the foreign countries as compared to the statutory tax rate in the U.S. Permanent differences and other include nondeductible expenses, Section 162(m) limitation on executive compensation, and other adjustments. 99 Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying values of assets and liabilities for financial reporting and tax purposes. Significant components of the Company's deferred tax assets and liabilities are as follows: February 28, 2022 February 28, 2021 Deferred tax assets: Accounts receivable Inventory Property, plant and equipment Interim arbitration award Operating lease Accruals and reserves Deferred compensation Warranty reserves Unrealized gains and losses Partnership investments Net operating losses Foreign tax credits Other tax credits Deferred tax assets before valuation allowance Less: valuation allowance Total deferred tax assets Deferred tax liabilities: Intangible assets Prepaid expenses Operating lease Deferred financing fees Total deferred tax liabilities Net deferred tax liability $ 301 $ 4,356 1,903 9,515 999 5,946 297 692 4,219 3,399 6,278 2,254 5,220 45,379 (30,059) 15,320 (17,464) (2,079) (977) (60) (20,580) (5,260) $ $ 271 3,270 1,480 — 1,184 5,303 433 752 4,373 3,661 6,104 3,805 5,433 36,069 (22,845) 13,224 (16,948) (1,588) (1,152) (82) (19,770) (6,546) In assessing the realizability of deferred tax assets, management considers whether it is more-likely-than-not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income in those periods in which temporary differences become deductible and/or net operating loss carryforwards can be utilized. We consider the level of historical taxable income, scheduled reversal of temporary differences, tax planning strategies and projected future taxable income in determining whether a valuation allowance is warranted. Significant weight is given to positive and negative evidence that is objectively verifiable. The Company evaluates the realizability of deferred tax assets on a jurisdictional basis at each reporting date. Accounting for income taxes requires that a valuation allowance be established when it is more likely than not that all or a portion of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. In circumstances where there is sufficient negative evidence indicating that the deferred tax assets are not more likely than not realizable, we establish a valuation allowance. In addition, the Company maintains a valuation allowance against deferred tax assets in certain foreign jurisdictions. The Company's valuation allowance increased by $7,214 during the year ended February 28, 2022. Any further increase or decrease in the valuation allowance could have a favorable or unfavorable impact on our income tax provision and net income in the period in which such determination is made. Notwithstanding the U.S. taxation of the deemed repatriated foreign earnings as a result of the one-time transition tax during Fiscal 2018, the Company intends to continue to invest these earnings indefinitely outside the U.S. If these future earnings are repatriated to the U.S., or if the Company determines that such earnings will be remitted in the foreseeable future, the Company may be required to accrue U.S. deferred taxes (if any) and applicable withholding taxes. It is not practicable to estimate the tax impact of the 100 reversal of the outside basis difference, or the repatriation of cash due to the complexity of its hypothetical calculation. As of February 28, 2022, the Company has capital loss carryforwards of approximately $14,056 which expire in 2024 which are only available to offset capital gain income. The Company has foreign tax credits of $1,366 which expire in tax years 2025 through 2026. The Company has federal research and development tax credits of $3,537 which expire in tax years 2035 through 2041. The Company has various foreign net operating loss carryforwards, state net operating loss carryforwards, and state tax credits that expire in various years and amounts through tax year 2041. A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits, excluding interest and penalties, is as follows: Balance at February 28, 2019 Additions based on tax positions taken in the current and prior years Settlements Decreases based on tax positions taken in the prior years Other Balance at February 29, 2020 Additions based on tax positions taken in the current and prior years Settlements Decreases based on tax positions taken in the prior years Other Balance at February 28, 2021 Additions based on tax positions taken in the current and prior years Settlements Decreases based on tax positions taken in prior years Other Balance at February 28, 2022 $ $ $ $ 9,082 399 — (2,107) (139) 7,235 3 — (490) 112 6,860 140 — (563) (172) 6,265 Of the amounts reflected in the table above at February 28, 2022, $6,265, if recognized, would reduce our effective tax rate. If recognized, $5,380 of the unrecognized tax benefits are likely to attract a full valuation allowance, thereby offsetting the favorable impact to the effective tax rate. Our unrecognized tax benefit non-current consolidated balance sheet liability, including interest and penalties, is $1,083. The Company records accrued interest and penalties related to income tax matters in the provision for income taxes in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive (Loss) Income. For the years ended February 28, 2022, February 28, 2021 and February 29, 2020, interest and penalties on unrecognized tax benefits were $(28), $4 and $15, respectively. The balance as of February 28, 2022 and February 28, 2021 was $198 and $226, respectively. It is reasonably possible that unrecognized tax benefits will decrease by approximately $200 within the next 12 months. The Company, or one of its subsidiaries, files its tax returns in the U.S. and certain state and foreign income tax jurisdictions with varying statutes of limitations. The earliest years' tax returns filed by the Company that are still subject to examination by the tax authorities in the major jurisdictions are as follows: Jurisdiction U.S. Netherlands Germany 101 Tax Year 2017 2016 2013 9) Capital Structure The Company's capital structure is as follows: Shares Authorized Shares Outstanding Security Preferred Stock Series Preferred Stock Class A Common Stock Class B Common Stock $ $ $ $ Par Value February 28, 2022 February 28, 2021 February 28, 2022 February 28, 2021 50.00 0.01 50,000 1,500,000 50,000 1,500,000 — — — — 0.01 60,000,000 60,000,000 21,614,629 21,666,976 0.01 10,000,000 10,000,000 2,260,954 2,260,954 Voting Rights per Share Liquidation Rights — $50 per share — one ten Ratably with Class B Ratably with Class A The holders of Class A and Class B common stock are entitled to receive cash or property dividends declared by the Board of Directors. The Board of Directors can declare cash dividends for Class A common stock in amounts equal to or greater than the cash dividends for Class B common stock. Dividends other than cash must be declared equally for both classes. Each share of Class B common stock may, at any time, be converted into one share of Class A common stock. Stock held in treasury by the Company is accounted for using the cost method, which treats stock held in treasury as a reduction to total stockholders' equity, and amounted to 2,862,218 and 2,749,218 shares at February 28, 2022 and February 28, 2021, respectively. The cost basis for subsequent sales of treasury shares is determined using an average cost method. In Fiscal 2020, the Company was authorized by the Board of Directors to increase the number of Class A Common Stock available for repurchase in the open market to 3,000,000. During the year ended February 28, 2022, the Company repurchased 113,000 shares of Class A Common Stock for an aggregate cost of $1,220. During the year ended February 29, 2020, the Company repurchased 581,124 shares of Class A Common Stock for an aggregate cost of $2,742. During the year ended February 28, 2021, the Company repurchased no shares. As of February 28, 2022, 2,305,876 shares of the Company's Class A common stock are authorized to be repurchased in the open market. 10) Other Stock and Retirement Plans a) Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan Subject to certain performance criteria, service requirements and age restrictions, employees who participate in the SERP will receive restricted stock awards pursuant to the 2014 Plan. The restricted stock awards vest on the later of three years from the date of grant, or the grantee reaching the age of 65 years (see Note 1(u)). As of February 28, 2022, approximately 1,147,000 shares of the Company's Class A common stock are reserved for issuance under the Company's Restricted and Stock Option Plans. b) Profit Sharing Plans The Company has established two non-contributory employee profit sharing plans for the benefit of its eligible employees in the United States and Canada. The plans are administered by trustees appointed by the Company. No discretionary contributions were made during the years ended February 28, 2022, February 28, 2021 and February 29, 2020. Contributions required by law to be made for eligible employees in Canada were not material for all periods presented. c) 401(k) Plans The VOXX International Corporation 401(k) plan is for all eligible domestic employees. The Company matches a portion of the participant's contributions after three months of service under a predetermined formula based on the participant's contribution level. Shares of the Company's Common Stock are not an investment option in the 401(k) plan and the Company does not use such shares to match participants' 102 contributions. During the years ended February 28, 2022, February 28, 2021 and February 29, 2020, the Company contributed, net of forfeitures, $689, $555 and $586 to the 401(k) Plan. d) Cash Bonus Profit Sharing Plan The Company has a Cash Bonus Profit Sharing Plan that allows it to make profit sharing contributions for the benefit of eligible employees for any fiscal year based on a pre-determined formula on the Company's pre-tax profits. The size of the contribution is dependent upon the performance of the Company. A participant’s share of the contribution is determined pursuant to the participant’s eligible wages for the fiscal year as a percentage of total eligible wages for all participants. There were no contributions made to the plan for the years ended February 28, 2022, February 28, 2021 and February 29, 2020. e) Deferred Compensation Plan A Deferred Compensation Plan (the “Plan”) was adopted by the Company in 1999 for Vice Presidents and above. The Plan is intended to provide certain executives with supplemental retirement benefits as well as to permit the deferral of more of their compensation than they are permitted to defer under the Profit Sharing and 401(k) Plans. The Plan provides for a matching contribution equal to 25% of the employee deferrals up to $20 to be made at the Company’s discretion. No matching contributions were made for the years ended February 28, 2022, February 28, 2021 and February 29, 2020. The Plan is not intended to be a qualified plan under the provisions of the Internal Revenue Code. All compensation deferred under the Plan is held by the Company in an investment trust which is considered an asset of the Company. The Company has the option of amending or terminating the Plan at any time. The investments, which amounted to $1,231 and $1,777 at February 28, 2022 and February 28, 2021, respectively, are classified as long-term marketable equity securities and are included in Investment securities on the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets and a corresponding liability is recorded in Deferred compensation, which is classified as a non-current liability. Unrealized gains and losses on the marketable securities and corresponding deferred compensation liability net to zero in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive (Loss) Income. 11) Lease Obligations On March 1, 2019, ASU No. 2016-02, "Leases (Topic 842)," was adopted by the Company using the modified retrospective approach. The Company adopted the package of practical expedients that allows companies to not reassess historical conclusions related to contracts that contain leases, existing lease classification, and initial direct costs. It did not adopt the hindsight practical expedient. Adoption of the new standard resulted in the recording of additional lease assets and lease liabilities, which totaled $2,227 and $2,243, respectively, on March 1, 2019. The standard did not materially affect the Company's consolidated financial position, results of operations, or cash flows, and did not have an impact on the Company's debt-covenant compliance. The new guidance was applied to all operating and capital leases at the date of initial application. Leases historically referred to as capital leases are now referred to as finance leases under the new guidance. We determine whether an arrangement is a lease at inception. This determination generally depends on whether the arrangement conveys the right to control the use of an identified fixed asset explicitly or implicitly for a period of time in exchange for consideration. Control of an underlying asset is conveyed if we obtain the rights to direct the use of, and to obtain substantially all of the economic benefit from, the use of the underlying asset. Some of our leases include both lease and non-lease components which are accounted for as a single lease component, as we have elected the practical expedient in ASU 842-10-15-37. Some of our operating lease agreements include variable lease costs, including taxes, common area maintenance, or increases in rental costs related to inflation. Such variable payments, other than those dependent upon a market index or rate, are expensed when the obligation for those payments is incurred. Lease expense is recorded in operating expenses in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive (Loss) Income. The Company's lease agreements do not contain any material residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants. Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less which do not include an option to purchase the underlying asset that the Company is reasonably certain to exercise are considered short term leases and are not recorded on the balance sheet. The Company had no short term leases during the year ended February 28, 2022. 103 Right-of-use assets and lease liabilities are recognized at each lease’s commencement date based on the present value of its lease payments over its respective lease term. When a borrowing rate is not explicitly available for a lease, our incremental borrowing rate is used based on information available at the lease’s commencement date to determine the present value of its lease payments. Operating lease payments are recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. We have operating leases for office equipment, as well as offices, warehouses, and other facilities used for our operations. We also have finance leases comprised primarily of computer hardware and machinery and equipment. Our leases have remaining lease terms of less than 1 year to 9 years, some of which include renewal options. We consider these renewal options in determining the lease term used to establish our right-of- use assets and lease liabilities when it is determined that it is reasonably certain that the renewal option will be exercised. Refer to the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for supplemental cash flow information related to leases. On September 30, 2019, the Company, through its subsidiary Voxx German Holdings GmbH, executed a sale leaseback transaction, selling its real property in Pulheim, Germany to CLM S.A. RL (the “Purchaser”) for €10,920. Net proceeds received from the transaction were approximately $9,500 after transactional costs of $270 and repayment of the outstanding mortgage, which was $2,104 on September 30, 2019. The transaction qualified for sale leaseback accounting in accordance with ASC 842, “Leases.” Concurrently with the sale, the Company entered into an operating lease arrangement (“lease”) with the Purchaser for a small portion of the real property to continue to operate the combined Magnat/Klipsch sales office in Germany, with an initial lease term of five years. The Company recognized a gain related to the execution of the sale transaction of $4,057 for the year ended February 29, 2020, which is recorded in Other income (expense) on the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive (Loss) Income. The components of lease cost for the year ended February 28, 2022 were as follows: Operating lease cost (a) (c) Finance lease cost: Amortization of right of use assets (a) Interest on lease liabilities (b) Total finance lease cost February 28, 2022 February 28, 2021 February 29, 2020 $ 1,383 $ 1,169 $ 403 11 414 $ 596 28 624 $ $ 880 684 47 731 (a) Recorded within Selling, general, and administrative; Engineering and technical support; and Cost of sales on the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive (Loss) Income. (b) Recorded within Interest and bank charges on the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive (Loss) Income. (c) Includes immaterial amounts related to variable rent expense. 104 Supplemental balance sheet information related to leases is as follows: February 28, 2022 February 28, 2021 Operating Leases Operating lease, right of use assets Total operating lease right of use assets Accrued expenses and other current liabilities Operating lease liabilities, less current portion Total operating lease liabilities Finance Leases Property, plant and equipment, gross Accumulated depreciation Total finance lease right of use assets Accrued expenses and other current liabilities Finance lease liabilities, less current portion Total finance lease liabilities Weighted Average Remaining Lease Term Operating leases Finance leases Weighted Average Discount Rate Operating leases Finance leases $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ At February 28, 2022, maturities of lease liabilities for each of the succeeding years were as follows: 4,464 4,464 1,255 3,298 4,553 $ $ $ $ 2,503 (2,208) 295 $ $ 224 78 302 $ $ 5.5 years 1.3 years 4.01% 3.87% 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 Thereafter Total lease payments Less imputed interest Total Operating Leases $ 1,390 $ 1,108 638 457 326 1,086 5,005 452 4,553 $ $ 4,572 4,572 1,119 3,582 4,701 2,503 (1,805) 698 418 302 720 6.0 years 1.8 years 4.49% 3.87% Finance Leases 228 79 — — — — 307 5 302 As of February 28, 2022, the Company has not entered into any lease agreements that have not yet commenced. The Company owns and occupies buildings as part of its operations. Certain space within these buildings may, from time to time, be leased to third parties from which the Company earns rental income as lessor. This leased space is recorded within property, plant and equipment and was not material to the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheet at February 28, 2022. Rental income earned by the Company for the years ended February 28, 2022, February 28, 2021, and February 29, 2020 was $678, $739, and $692, respectively, which is recorded within Other income (expense). 12) Financial Instruments a) Off-Balance Sheet Risk Commercial letters of credit are issued by the Company during the ordinary course of business through major domestic banks as requested by certain suppliers. The Company also issues standby letters of credit principally to secure certain bank obligations and insurance policies. The 105 Company had no open commercial letters of credit at February 28, 2022. Standby letters of credit amounted to $50 at February 28, 2022. The terms of these letters of credit are all less than one year. No material loss is anticipated due to nonperformance by the counter parties to these agreements. The fair value of the standby letters of credit is estimated to be the same as the contract values based on the short-term nature of the fee arrangements with the issuing banks. At February 28, 2022, the Company had unconditional purchase obligations for inventory commitments of $174,274. These obligations are not recorded in the consolidated financial statements until commitments are fulfilled and such obligations are subject to change based on negotiations with manufacturers. b) Concentrations of Credit Risk Financial instruments, which potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk, consist principally of trade receivables. The Company's customers are located principally in the United States, Canada, Europe, and Asia Pacific and consist of, among others, distributors, mass merchandisers, warehouse clubs, major automobile manufacturers, and independent retailers. The Company generally grants credit based upon analyses of customers' financial conditions and previously established buying and payment patterns. For certain customers, the Company establishes collateral rights in accounts receivable and inventory and obtains personal guarantees from certain customers based upon management's credit evaluation. Certain customers in Europe and Latin America have credit insurance equaling their credit limits. At February 28, 2022 and February 28, 2021, the Company's five largest customer balances accounted for approximately 24% and 25% of accounts receivable, respectively. No single customer accounted for more than 10% of net sales during the years ended February 28, 2022 or February 29, 2020. One customer in the Company’s Consumer Electronics segment accounted for 12% of the Company’s total consolidated net sales during the year ended February 28, 2021. The Company's five largest customers represented 21%, 30%, and 24% of net sales during the years ended February 28, 2022, February 28, 2021, and February 29, 2020, respectively. A portion of the Company's customer base may be susceptible to downturns in the retail economy, particularly in the consumer electronics industry. Additionally, customers specializing in certain automotive sound, security and accessory products may be impacted by fluctuations in automotive sales. 13) Financial and Product Information About Foreign and Domestic Operations Segments The Company classifies its operations in the following three reportable segments: Automotive Electronics, Consumer Electronics, and Biometrics. Our Automotive Electronics segment designs, manufactures, distributes and markets rear-seat entertainment devices, remote start systems, automotive security products and devices, vehicle access systems, mobile interface modules, mobile multimedia devices, aftermarket/OE-styled radios, car link-smartphone telematics applications, driver distraction products, collision avoidance systems, location-based services, turn signal switches, automotive lighting products, automotive sensing and camera systems, USB ports, cruise control systems, heated seats, and satellite radio products. Our Consumer Electronics segment designs, manufactures, distributes and markets home theater systems, high-end loudspeakers, outdoor speakers, business music systems, cinema speakers, wireless and Bluetooth speakers, soundbars, receivers, wired and wireless headphones and ear buds, DLNA (Digital Living Network Alliance) compatible devices, remote controls, karaoke products, infant/nursery products, personal sound amplifiers, as well as A/V connectivity, portable/home charging, reception and digital consumer products. Our Biometrics segment designs, markets and distributes iris identification and biometric security related products. 106 Each operating segment is individually reviewed and evaluated by our Chief Operating Decision Maker (CODM), who allocates resources and assesses performance of each segment individually. The Company's Chief Executive Officer has been identified as the CODM. The CODM evaluates performance and allocates resources based upon a number of factors, the primary profit measure being income before income taxes of each segment. Certain costs and royalty income are not allocated to the segments and are reported as Corporate/Eliminations. Costs not allocated to the segments include professional fees, public relations costs, acquisition costs and costs associated with executive and corporate management departments, including salaries, benefits, depreciation, rent and insurance. The segments share many common resources, infrastructures, and assets in the normal course of business. Thus, the Company does not report assets or capital expenditures by segment to the CODM. The accounting principles applied at the consolidated financial statement level are generally the same as those applied at the operating segment level and there are no material intersegment sales. The segments are allocated interest expense, based upon a pre-determined formula, which utilizes a percentage of each operating segment's intercompany balance, which is offset in Corporate/Eliminations. Segment data for each of the Company's segments are presented below: Fiscal Year Ended February 28, 2022 Net sales Equity in income of equity investees Interest expense and bank charges Depreciation and amortization expense Income (loss) before income taxes (a) Fiscal Year Ended February 28, 2021 Net sales Equity in income of equity investees Interest expense and bank charges Depreciation and amortization expense Income (loss) before income taxes (b) Fiscal Year Ended February 29, 2020 Net sales Equity in income of equity investees Interest expense and bank charges Depreciation and amortization expense (Loss) income before income taxes (c) Automotive Electronics Consumer Electronics Biometrics Corporate/ Eliminations Total $ $ $ $ $ 200,594 7,890 1,510 3,049 8,471 163,903 7,350 1,540 2,881 9,608 $ $ 433,925 — 7,827 4,957 28,645 398,263 — 8,537 3,856 38,939 $ 882 — 1,662 297 (9,354) $ 519 — (8,467) 4,095 (53,601) $ 836 — 1,475 322 (8,726) $ 603 — (8,573) 3,974 (12,183) 114,154 $ 5,174 436 878 (724) 279,675 $ — 9,482 4,390 9,385 $ 461 — 1,279 3,136 (39,241) $ 599 — (8,222) 3,994 (10,360) 635,920 7,890 2,532 12,398 (25,839) 563,605 7,350 2,979 11,033 27,638 394,889 5,174 2,975 12,398 (40,940) (a) (b) (c) Included within Income (loss) before income taxes within Corporate/Eliminations for the year ended February 28, 2022 is a charge of $39,444 recorded for an interim arbitration award unfavorable to the Company (see Note 15). Included within Income (loss) before income taxes for the year ended February 28, 2021 is an intangible asset impairment charge of $1,300 within the Consumer Electronics segment (see Note 1(k)). Included within (Loss) income before income taxes for the year ended February 29, 2020 are intangible asset impairment charges totaling $30,230 ($2,828 within the Consumer Electronics segment and $27,402 within the Biometrics segment) (see Note 1(k)). Also included within Income (loss) before taxes for the year ended February 29, 2020 is the gain on the sale of real property in Pulheim, Germany of $4,057 within the Consumer Electronics segment (see Note 11). 107 Geographic net sales information in the table below is based on the location of the selling entity. Long-lived assets, consisting of fixed assets, are reported below based on the location of the asset. Fiscal Year Ended February 28, 2022 Net sales Long-lived assets Fiscal Year Ended February 29, 2021 Net sales Long-lived assets Fiscal Year Ended February 29, 2020 Net sales Long-lived assets 14) Revenue from Contracts with Customers United States Europe Other Total 506,226 $ 44,751 97,396 $ 3,422 $ 32,298 1,621 635,920 49,794 477,608 $ 46,614 82,134 $ 3,569 $ 3,863 1,843 563,605 52,026 322,612 $ 48,111 69,755 $ 3,099 $ 2,522 214 394,889 51,424 $ $ $ The Company operates in three reportable segments: Automotive Electronics, Consumer Electronics, and Biometrics. ASC Topic 606 requires further disaggregation of an entity’s revenue. In the following table, the Company's net sales are disaggregated by segments and product type for the years ended February 28, 2022, February 28, 2021 and February 29, 2020. Automotive Electronics Segment OEM Products Aftermarket Products Total Automotive Electronics Segment Consumer Electronics Segment Premium Audio Products Other Consumer Electronic Products Total Consumer Electronics Segment Biometrics Segment Biometric Products Total Biometrics Segment Corporate/Eliminations Total Net Sales Year Ended February 28, 2022 Year Ended February 28, 2021 Year Ended February 29, 2020 $ 65,017 $ 135,577 200,594 343,991 89,934 433,925 882 882 519 46,170 $ 117,733 163,903 299,908 98,355 398,263 836 836 603 49,673 64,481 114,154 170,762 108,913 279,675 461 461 599 $ 635,920 $ 563,605 $ 394,889 As of February 28, 2022 and February 28, 2021, the balance of the Company's return asset was $2,619 and $2,404, respectively, and the balance of the refund liability was $5,469 and $5,145, respectively, which are presented within Prepaid expenses and other current assets and Accrued expenses and other current liabilities, respectively, on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. 108 The Company had current and non-current contract liability balances totaling $5,412 at February 28, 2022 related to telematic subscription services for the Company’s DEI subsidiary established in conjunction with the Company’s acquisition in July 2020 (see Note 2). The following table provides a reconciliation of the Company’s contract liabilities as of February 28, 2022: Balance at February 28, 2021 Subscription payments received Revenue recognized Balance at February 28, 2022 $ $ 5,265 7,615 (7,468) 5,412 The Company had no contract asset balances at February 28, 2022 or February 28, 2021. 15) Contingencies The Company is currently, and has in the past, been a party to various routine legal proceedings incident to the ordinary course of business. If management determines, based on the underlying facts and circumstances of each matter, that it is probable a loss will result from a litigation contingency and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated, the estimated loss is accrued for. The products the Company sells are continually changing as a result of improved technology. As a result, although the Company and its suppliers attempt to avoid infringing known proprietary rights, the Company may be subject to legal proceedings and claims for alleged infringement by patent, trademark, or other intellectual property owners. Any claims relating to the infringement of third-party proprietary rights, even if not meritorious, could result in costly litigation, divert management’s attention and resources, or require the Company to either enter into royalty or license agreements which are not advantageous to the Company or pay material amounts of damages. In March 2007, the Company entered into a contract with Seaguard Electronics, LLC (“Seaguard”) relating to the Company’s purchase from Seaguard of a stolen vehicle recovery product and back-end services. In August 2018, Seaguard filed a demand for arbitration against the Company with the American Arbitration Association (“AAA”) alleging claims for breach of contract and patent infringement. Seaguard originally sought damages of approximately $10,000 and on the seventh day of an eight-day fact witness portion of the arbitration in June 2021, amended its damages demand to $40,000, which was effected by the service of Claimant’s notice dated July 14, 2021. On November 29, 2021, the Arbitrator issued an interim award (the “Interim Award”) with Seaguard prevailing on its breach of contract claim. The Company’s affirmative defenses relating to those claims, however, were denied in their entirety. Seaguard was awarded damages in the amount of $39,444 against the Company. On March 3, 2022, the Arbitrator issued a Partial Final Award on Bifurcated Issue in the amount of $39,444, plus $798 for its attorneys’ fees and costs. On March 11, 2022, the Arbitrator fixed the schedule of the patent portion of the bifurcated arbitration, with a trial date set for October 16, 2023. The Company has put its suppliers on notice of its indemnification rights with respect to the alleged infringing products. On March 14, 2022, Seaguard filed a Petition in the United States District Court, Central District of California, Western Division, to confirm the Partial Final Award. On April 25, 2022, the Company filed its opposition to Seaguard’s Petition to Confirm and a Counter-Petition to Vacate the Partial Final Award. A hearing on the Petition and Counter-Petition is presently scheduled for June 3, 2022. At February 28, 2022, the Company has recorded a charge of $39,444 within Other (expense) income in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive (Loss) Income. No accrual or reserve was included in the Company’s issued financial statements prior to the quarter ended November 30, 2021, based on an assessment that an award of damages in the arbitration proceeding would not be material and that the amount as determined by the Arbitrator’s award was not probable. The Company made its accrual determination in accordance with reports and evaluations from its damages expert, as well as from the guidance and opinion letters received from the Company’s trial attorneys. 16) Subsequent Events 109 SCHEDULE II VOXX INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES Valuation and Qualifying Accounts Years ended February 28, 2022, February 28, 2021 and February 29, 2020 (In thousands) Column A Column B Column C Column D Column E Description Year ended February 28, 2022 Allowance for credit losses Cash discount allowances Sales return reserve Year ended February 28, 2021 Allowance for credit losses Cash discount allowances Sales return reserve Year ended February 29, 2020 Allowance for credit losses Cash discount allowances Sales return reserve Gross Amount Charged to Costs and Expenses Reversals of Previously Established Accruals Balance at Beginning of Year Deductions (a) Balance at End of Year $ $ $ 1,593 $ 1,104 5,145 863 $ 6,320 9,571 — $ — — 274 $ 6,316 9,247 1,954 $ 751 3,779 (271) $ 6,565 16,550 — $ — — 90 $ 6,212 15,184 2,548 $ 1,125 4,415 253 $ 5,243 13,243 — $ — — 847 $ 5,617 13,879 2,182 1,108 5,469 1,593 1,104 5,145 1,954 751 3,779 (a) For the allowance for credit losses and cash discount allowances, deductions represent currency effects, chargebacks and payments made or credits issued to customers. 110 Exhibit Number Description 3.1 Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Company as filed with the Delaware Secretary of State on April 17, 2000 (incorporated by reference to the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended November 30, 2000) 3.2 3.3 21 23 Certificate of Ownership and Merger (incorporated by reference to the Company's Form 8-K filed on December 6, 2011) Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Company (incorporated by reference to the Company's Form 8-K filed on December 6, 2011) Subsidiaries of the Registrant (filed herewith) Consent of Grant Thornton LLP (filed herewith) 31.1 Certification of Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) and rule 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (filed herewith) 31.2 Certification of Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) and rule 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (filed herewith) 32.1 Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (furnished herewith) 32.2 Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (furnished herewith) 101 The following materials from VOXX International Corporation's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the period ended February 28, 2022, formatted in Inline eXtensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL): (i) the Consolidated Balance Sheets, (ii), the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive (Loss) Income, (iii) the Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity, (iv) the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, and (v) Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. 104 The cover page from VOXX International Corporation’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the period ended February 28, 2022 has been formatted in Inline XBRL. All other schedules are omitted because the required information is shown in the financial statements or notes thereto or because they are not applicable. 111 SIGNATURES Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized. VOXX INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION May 16, 2022 By: /s/ Patrick M. Lavelle Patrick M. Lavelle, President and Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated. Signature /s/ Patrick M. Lavelle Patrick M. Lavelle /s/ Charles M. Stoehr Charles M. Stoehr /s/ John J. Shalam John J. Shalam /s/ John Adamovich, Jr. John Adamovich, Jr. /s/ Denise Gibson Denise Gibson /s/ Peter A. Lesser Peter A. Lesser /s/ Ari Shalam Ari Shalam /s/ Beat Kahli Beat Kahli Title President; Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer) and Director Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer) and Director Date May 16, 2022 May 16, 2022 Chairman of the Board of Directors May 16, 2022 Director Director Director Director Director 112 May 16, 2022 May 16, 2022 May 16, 2022 May 16, 2022 May 16, 2022 Subsidiaries Jurisdiction of Incorporation SUBSIDIARIES OF REGISTRANT VOXX Accessories Corp. VOXX Electronics Corp. Audiovox German Holdings GmbH EyeLock LLC Premium Audio Company LLC Voxx Automotive Corporation Delaware Delaware Germany Delaware Delaware Delaware Exhibit 21 CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM We have issued our reports dated May 16, 2022, with respect to the consolidated financial statements and internal control over financial reporting included in the Annual Report of VOXX International Corporation on Form 10-K for the year ended February 28, 2022. We consent to the incorporation by reference of said reports in the Registration Statements of VOXX International Corporation on Forms S-3 (File No. 333-187427 and File No. 333-91455) and on Form S-8 (File No. 333-184365). Exhibit 23 /s/ GRANT THORNTON LLP Melville, New York May 16, 2022 CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO RULE 13a-14(a) AND RULE 15d-14(a) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 Exhibit 31.1 I, Patrick M. Lavelle, certify that: 1. 2. 3. 4. I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of VOXX International Corporation (the “Company”); Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report; Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have: a. b. c. d. Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; Designed such internal controls over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and 5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): a. b. All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting. May 16, 2022 /s/Patrick M. Lavelle Patrick M. Lavelle President and Chief Executive Officer CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO RULE 13a-14(a) AND RULE 15d-14(a) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 Exhibit 31.2 I, Charles M. Stoehr, certify that: 1. 2. 3. 4. I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of VOXX International Corporation (the “Company”); Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report; Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have: a. b. c. d. Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; Designed such internal controls over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and 5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): a. b. All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting. May 16, 2022 /s/Charles M. Stoehr Charles M. Stoehr Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002 Exhibit 32.1 In connection with the Annual Report of VOXX International Corporation (the “Company”) on Form 10-K for the period ended February 28, 2022 (the “Report”) as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof, I, Patrick M. Lavelle, President and Chief Executive Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that: 1. 2. The Report fully complies with Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company. May 16, 2022 /s/ Patrick M. Lavelle Patrick M. Lavelle *A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906 has been provided to VOXX International Corporation and will be retained by VOXX International Corporation and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request. The foregoing certification is being furnished solely pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (subsections (a) and (b) of Section 1350, Chapter 63 of Title 18, United States Code) and is not being filed as part of the Form 10-K or as a separate disclosure document CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002 Exhibit 32.2 In connection with the Annual Report of VOXX International Corporation (the “Company”) on Form 10-K for the period ended February 28, 2022 (the “Report”) as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof, I, Charles M. Stoehr, Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that: 1. 2. The Report fully complies with Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company. May 16, 2022 /s/ Charles M. Stoehr Charles M. Stoehr *A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906 has been provided to VOXX International Corporation and will be retained by VOXX International Corporation and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request. The foregoing certification is being furnished solely pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (subsections (a) and (b) of Section 1350, Chapter 63 of Title 18, United States Code) and is not being filed as part of the Form 10-K or as a separate disclosure document 

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